1 00:00:22,822 --> 00:00:24,557 - Legends throughout the world 2 00:00:24,591 --> 00:00:29,462 have spoken of a race of giants that once walked the Earth. 3 00:00:29,496 --> 00:00:31,765 The Holy Bible speaks about the offspring 4 00:00:31,798 --> 00:00:35,035 of the sons of God and the daughters of man. 5 00:00:36,536 --> 00:00:39,906 It is believed by some that these were the Nephilim, 6 00:00:39,939 --> 00:00:43,643 theorized to be gigantic in nature. 7 00:00:43,676 --> 00:00:46,546 Arguments have risen in the theological community 8 00:00:46,579 --> 00:00:49,249 for centuries, as to what the Nephilim were. 9 00:00:49,282 --> 00:00:54,654 Or if they were indeed the giants that seem to be described. 10 00:00:54,687 --> 00:00:56,289 However, what cannot be argued 11 00:00:56,322 --> 00:01:00,560 is that Judeo-Christian doctrines are not the only ones 12 00:01:00,593 --> 00:01:03,830 to speak of a giant human species. 13 00:01:03,863 --> 00:01:07,967 Who were these giants that once roamed the Earth? 14 00:01:26,286 --> 00:01:28,721 Before the Bible was even conceived of 15 00:01:28,755 --> 00:01:30,723 there were oral histories passed down 16 00:01:30,757 --> 00:01:33,827 from generation to generation in Mesopotamia, 17 00:01:33,860 --> 00:01:37,997 Greece, Rome, Egypt, as well as America. 18 00:01:38,031 --> 00:01:41,768 Most of these legends speak of powerful gods and goddesses 19 00:01:41,801 --> 00:01:44,471 that were larger than life. 20 00:01:44,504 --> 00:01:46,406 History has relegated these legends 21 00:01:46,439 --> 00:01:48,675 to the myth status and they are not seen 22 00:01:48,708 --> 00:01:51,711 as actual historical accounts. 23 00:01:51,744 --> 00:01:54,714 However, it is noteworthy that there were many 24 00:01:54,747 --> 00:01:58,618 of these legends all over the world at one point. 25 00:01:58,651 --> 00:02:00,320 How did so many different cultures, 26 00:02:00,353 --> 00:02:02,555 who had nothing to do with each other, 27 00:02:02,589 --> 00:02:05,825 end up with sImilar stories of giants? 28 00:02:05,859 --> 00:02:08,528 And is there evidence of the existence of giants 29 00:02:08,561 --> 00:02:10,864 available today? 30 00:02:13,533 --> 00:02:16,035 The legends of giants in Mediterranean countries 31 00:02:16,069 --> 00:02:19,672 were probably the most widely known and discussed. 32 00:02:19,706 --> 00:02:22,909 Beyond the biblical accounts, such as David and Goliath, 33 00:02:22,942 --> 00:02:27,380 there are the accounts of the Babylonian king Gilgamesh. 34 00:02:27,413 --> 00:02:29,249 In stone tablets that have been recovered, 35 00:02:29,282 --> 00:02:33,186 there are images carved of Gilgamesh taking on a lion. 36 00:02:33,219 --> 00:02:35,788 And looking at the scale of the ancient carvings, 37 00:02:35,822 --> 00:02:39,726 it appears this man had to have been at least 38 00:02:39,759 --> 00:02:43,630 12 to 15 feet tall, taking into consideration 39 00:02:43,663 --> 00:02:47,667 the size of the lion he is portrayed to have slain. 40 00:02:48,935 --> 00:02:54,874 Gilgamesh lived sometime between 2800 and 2500 B.C. 41 00:02:54,908 --> 00:02:58,011 He is the main character in the "Epic of Gilgamesh", 42 00:02:58,044 --> 00:03:00,413 a Mesopotamian poem that is considered 43 00:03:00,446 --> 00:03:04,317 the first great work of literature. 44 00:03:04,350 --> 00:03:06,753 In the epic, Gilgamesh is a demigod 45 00:03:06,786 --> 00:03:09,088 of super human strength, who built the city walls 46 00:03:09,122 --> 00:03:14,561 of Uruk to defend his people and survive the great deluge. 47 00:03:14,594 --> 00:03:17,530 According to the Sumerian king list, 48 00:03:17,564 --> 00:03:22,001 Gilgamesh ruled his city for 126 years. 49 00:03:22,035 --> 00:03:25,004 Fragments of an epic text found in Me-Turan, 50 00:03:25,038 --> 00:03:29,542 the modern Tell Haddad, relate that at end of his life 51 00:03:29,576 --> 00:03:33,112 Gilgamesh was buried under the riverbed. 52 00:03:33,146 --> 00:03:35,481 It is generally accepted that Gilgamesh 53 00:03:35,515 --> 00:03:39,586 was a historical figure, since inscriptions have been found 54 00:03:39,619 --> 00:03:41,854 which confirm the historical existence 55 00:03:41,888 --> 00:03:44,657 of other figures associated with him, 56 00:03:44,691 --> 00:03:47,627 such as the Aga of Kish. 57 00:03:47,660 --> 00:03:49,862 If Gilgamesh was a historical king, 58 00:03:49,896 --> 00:03:54,834 he probably reigned in about the 26th century B.C. 59 00:03:54,867 --> 00:03:56,836 Where did Gilgamesh come from? 60 00:03:56,869 --> 00:03:59,872 In the Qumran Scroll, known as the Book of Giants, 61 00:03:59,906 --> 00:04:02,742 the names of Gilgamesh and Humbaba 62 00:04:02,775 --> 00:04:06,079 appear as two of the antediluvian giants. 63 00:04:06,112 --> 00:04:08,781 Could Gilgamesh have come from Atlantis 64 00:04:08,815 --> 00:04:12,919 or be a direct descendant of antediluvian kings? 65 00:04:25,031 --> 00:04:29,068 If giants existed in the past, where is the evidence? 66 00:04:29,102 --> 00:04:31,104 You may be surprised to find that it's been 67 00:04:31,137 --> 00:04:35,908 and is being discovered all over the world. 68 00:04:35,942 --> 00:04:38,277 Skeletal remains of giants have been discovered 69 00:04:38,311 --> 00:04:42,148 throughout American history and even further back. 70 00:04:42,181 --> 00:04:45,852 According to Native American Paiute oral history, 71 00:04:45,885 --> 00:04:49,989 the Si-Te-Cah are a legendary tribe whose mummified remains 72 00:04:50,023 --> 00:04:53,559 were allegedly discovered under four feet of guano 73 00:04:53,593 --> 00:04:56,162 by guano miners in what is now known 74 00:04:56,195 --> 00:05:00,967 as Lovelock Cave in Lovelock, Nevada. 75 00:05:01,000 --> 00:05:03,736 Several of the fiber sandals found in Lovelock Cave 76 00:05:03,770 --> 00:05:05,738 were remarkably large. 77 00:05:05,772 --> 00:05:08,908 And one reported at over 15 inches in length 78 00:05:08,941 --> 00:05:12,445 was said to be on display at the Nevada Historical Society's 79 00:05:12,478 --> 00:05:16,949 museum in Reno in 1952. 80 00:05:18,251 --> 00:05:21,287 The Paiute tradition asserts that the Si-Te-Cah people 81 00:05:21,320 --> 00:05:24,557 practiced cannibalism, and this may have had 82 00:05:24,590 --> 00:05:26,659 some basis in fact. 83 00:05:26,693 --> 00:05:29,762 During the 1924 excavation of the cave, 84 00:05:29,796 --> 00:05:32,799 a series of three human bones were found near 85 00:05:32,832 --> 00:05:35,168 the surface towards the mouth of the cave. 86 00:05:35,201 --> 00:05:38,137 These had been split to extract the marrow, 87 00:05:38,171 --> 00:05:42,342 as animal bones were split and probably indicate cannibalism 88 00:05:42,375 --> 00:05:44,444 during a famine. 89 00:05:44,477 --> 00:05:47,714 As reported in the "Nevada Review Miner" newspaper 90 00:05:47,747 --> 00:05:52,685 on June 19th, 1931, in February and June of 1931 91 00:05:52,719 --> 00:05:55,054 two very large skeletons were found 92 00:05:55,088 --> 00:05:58,991 in the Humboldt dry lakebed near Lovelock. 93 00:05:59,025 --> 00:06:02,962 One skeleton was 8.5 feet tall and was later described 94 00:06:02,995 --> 00:06:05,698 as being wrapped in a gum-covered fabric 95 00:06:05,732 --> 00:06:08,401 not unlike Egyptian mummies. 96 00:06:08,434 --> 00:06:11,838 The other was almost 10 feet. 97 00:06:11,871 --> 00:06:14,207 It was said that all the tribes of the area 98 00:06:14,240 --> 00:06:16,542 stood together against these giants 99 00:06:16,576 --> 00:06:18,845 and chased them into a cave. 100 00:06:18,878 --> 00:06:21,881 The giants refused to leave the safety of the cave, 101 00:06:21,914 --> 00:06:24,317 so the Paiutes, along with other tribes, 102 00:06:24,350 --> 00:06:26,819 set the cave on fire. 103 00:06:26,853 --> 00:06:28,988 The cave then collapsed during an earthquake 104 00:06:29,021 --> 00:06:31,224 sealing the entrance shut. 105 00:06:31,257 --> 00:06:34,861 When the area was mined for fertilizing materials, 106 00:06:34,894 --> 00:06:38,698 there were several fossils discovered in the early 1920s. 107 00:06:38,731 --> 00:06:41,634 Along with those fossils were the well preserved 108 00:06:41,667 --> 00:06:45,171 human-like skeletons, one male and one female. 109 00:06:45,204 --> 00:06:47,673 The female was over six feet tall 110 00:06:47,707 --> 00:06:50,877 and the male was over eight feet tall. 111 00:06:50,910 --> 00:06:53,079 Along with the discovery of the skeletons, 112 00:06:53,112 --> 00:06:55,448 there were many other artifacts found, 113 00:06:55,481 --> 00:06:58,851 including a circular calendar that had the number 114 00:06:58,885 --> 00:07:02,789 of days and weeks of a year etched into it. 115 00:07:02,822 --> 00:07:05,925 In 1931, two more skeletons were discovered 116 00:07:05,958 --> 00:07:08,027 in Lockport, Nevada that measured 117 00:07:08,060 --> 00:07:11,197 from eight to ten feet tall. 118 00:07:20,239 --> 00:07:23,176 During the past few years, a huge controversy 119 00:07:23,209 --> 00:07:26,112 has emerged accusing the Smithsonian 120 00:07:26,145 --> 00:07:28,981 and a host of skeptics and archeologists 121 00:07:29,015 --> 00:07:32,718 of covering up the discovery of hundreds of giant skeletons 122 00:07:32,752 --> 00:07:35,421 from Native American Indian mounds. 123 00:07:35,454 --> 00:07:38,257 Jim Ferreira is one of the key people who began 124 00:07:38,291 --> 00:07:41,294 uncovering hundreds of newspaper accounts 125 00:07:41,327 --> 00:07:43,129 of giant skeletons. 126 00:07:43,162 --> 00:07:47,867 Today, Ferreira has pulled together about 1,500 accounts 127 00:07:47,900 --> 00:07:51,337 from newspapers and books published in the 1800s 128 00:07:51,370 --> 00:07:53,973 and early 1900s. 129 00:07:54,006 --> 00:07:57,310 One intriguing set of giant skeleton reports 130 00:07:57,343 --> 00:07:58,744 he found factual, 131 00:07:58,778 --> 00:08:01,881 was the Arkansas Chickasawba Mound reports 132 00:08:01,914 --> 00:08:05,585 of many large skeletons found at the site. 133 00:08:05,618 --> 00:08:09,388 Many skeletons ranging from eight to nine feet in length 134 00:08:09,422 --> 00:08:10,890 had been found there. 135 00:08:10,923 --> 00:08:14,393 As late as 1976, a seven foot tall skeleton 136 00:08:14,427 --> 00:08:17,096 was found at the site. 137 00:08:17,129 --> 00:08:19,565 For the Smithsonian to have found skeletons 138 00:08:19,599 --> 00:08:23,269 that were seven feet tall by chance alone is improbable. 139 00:08:23,302 --> 00:08:25,805 The height of many of the individuals entombed 140 00:08:25,838 --> 00:08:28,708 in ancient American mounds was far taller 141 00:08:28,741 --> 00:08:30,576 than the general populous. 142 00:08:30,610 --> 00:08:34,914 Far beyond what could explained by simple chance. 143 00:08:34,947 --> 00:08:40,186 Why would the Smithsonian cover up such a find? 144 00:08:40,219 --> 00:08:43,389 Skeptics have related that the disorder of gigantism 145 00:08:43,422 --> 00:08:45,725 probably was the cause of many report. 146 00:08:45,758 --> 00:08:49,428 But they actually cite no evidence for this assertion. 147 00:08:49,462 --> 00:08:54,100 It is a weak attempt to explain away and dismiss the issue. 148 00:08:54,133 --> 00:08:57,003 Gigantism is exceedingly rare, 149 00:08:57,036 --> 00:09:01,641 so rare there is no actual evidential statistics for it. 150 00:09:01,674 --> 00:09:05,478 America has less than 100 cases of gigantism recorded 151 00:09:05,511 --> 00:09:07,413 in its history. 152 00:09:07,446 --> 00:09:10,683 In fact, the overwhelming vast majority 153 00:09:10,716 --> 00:09:12,785 of tall people today, 154 00:09:12,818 --> 00:09:15,721 whose reaching or approaching seven feet, 155 00:09:15,755 --> 00:09:18,724 do not have the disorder of gigantism. 156 00:09:18,758 --> 00:09:21,260 The actual percentage of modern humans 157 00:09:21,294 --> 00:09:26,198 who reach seven feet in height is 0.00007%. 158 00:09:27,633 --> 00:09:30,403 In the ancient world of America's mound builders, 159 00:09:30,436 --> 00:09:33,906 the percentage of the population that reached seven feet 160 00:09:33,940 --> 00:09:37,843 in height would have been much lower. 161 00:09:37,877 --> 00:09:40,346 Skeptics claim that freezing and thawing 162 00:09:40,379 --> 00:09:44,016 makes skeletons so big they might look like a giant. 163 00:09:44,050 --> 00:09:47,353 It was found to be completely wrong and baseless. 164 00:09:47,386 --> 00:09:50,323 Modern paleopathology texts and sources 165 00:09:50,356 --> 00:09:53,859 relate that buried bones that freeze can shatter 166 00:09:53,893 --> 00:09:57,697 and most buried bones actually lose mass, 167 00:09:57,730 --> 00:09:59,465 they get smaller. 168 00:09:59,498 --> 00:10:02,101 There are also a host of Native American legends 169 00:10:02,134 --> 00:10:05,137 that were reported to ethnologists detailing 170 00:10:05,171 --> 00:10:07,707 a race of giants who invaded the regions 171 00:10:07,740 --> 00:10:09,809 where mounds were found. 172 00:10:09,842 --> 00:10:12,778 These giants became the leaders and priests of the tribes. 173 00:10:12,812 --> 00:10:16,916 Over time these ruling people, chosen through heredity, 174 00:10:16,949 --> 00:10:21,153 became corrupted and were exterminated. 175 00:10:21,187 --> 00:10:24,490 You may be surprised at the number of giant skeletons 176 00:10:24,523 --> 00:10:27,760 that have been uncovered throughout modern history. 177 00:10:27,793 --> 00:10:30,763 There is a number of discoveries that didn't make it 178 00:10:30,796 --> 00:10:34,033 to mainstream historical knowledge. 179 00:10:34,066 --> 00:10:36,836 Large bones in stone graves in Williamson County 180 00:10:36,869 --> 00:10:40,840 and White County, Tennessee, were discovered in the 1800s. 181 00:10:40,873 --> 00:10:45,945 The average stature of these giants was seven feet tall. 182 00:10:45,978 --> 00:10:48,481 Giant skeletons were found in the mid-1800s 183 00:10:48,514 --> 00:10:52,118 in New York state, near Rutland and Rodman. 184 00:10:52,151 --> 00:10:56,989 In 1833, soldiers digging at Lompock Rancho, California 185 00:10:57,023 --> 00:11:00,559 discovered a male skeleton 12 feet tall. 186 00:11:00,593 --> 00:11:03,162 The skeleton was surrounded by caved shells, 187 00:11:03,195 --> 00:11:07,266 stone axes and other artifacts. 188 00:11:07,299 --> 00:11:10,936 The skeleton had double rows of upper and lower teeth. 189 00:11:10,970 --> 00:11:13,606 Unfortunately this body was secretly buried 190 00:11:13,639 --> 00:11:17,843 because the local Indians became upset about the remains. 191 00:11:17,877 --> 00:11:20,846 A giant skull and vertebrae were found in Wisconsin 192 00:11:20,880 --> 00:11:23,115 and Kansas City as well. 193 00:11:23,149 --> 00:11:25,551 A giant found off the California coast 194 00:11:25,584 --> 00:11:28,387 on Santa Rosa Island in the 1800s, 195 00:11:28,421 --> 00:11:31,323 was distinguished by its double row of teeth, 196 00:11:31,357 --> 00:11:34,627 common among giant skeleton finds. 197 00:11:34,660 --> 00:11:37,563 A nine foot, eight inch skeleton was excavated 198 00:11:37,596 --> 00:11:42,535 from a mound near Brewersville, Indiana in 1879. 199 00:11:42,568 --> 00:11:44,637 Skeletons said to be of enormous dimensions 200 00:11:44,670 --> 00:11:47,573 were found in mounds near Zanesville, Ohio 201 00:11:47,606 --> 00:11:51,177 and Warren, Minnesota in the 1800s. 202 00:11:51,210 --> 00:11:54,647 In Clearwater, Minnesota, the skeletons of seven giants 203 00:11:54,680 --> 00:11:56,348 were found in mounds. 204 00:11:56,382 --> 00:12:00,553 These had receding foreheads and complete double dentition, 205 00:12:00,586 --> 00:12:02,421 two rows of teeth. 206 00:12:02,455 --> 00:12:05,157 At La Crescent, Minnesota mounds were found 207 00:12:05,191 --> 00:12:06,792 to contain giant bones. 208 00:12:06,826 --> 00:12:10,463 Five miles north in Dreshbach, the bones of people 209 00:12:10,496 --> 00:12:13,766 over eight feet tall were found. 210 00:12:37,656 --> 00:12:42,161 In 1888, seven skeletons ranging from seven to eight 211 00:12:42,194 --> 00:12:44,063 feet tall were discovered. 212 00:12:44,096 --> 00:12:45,731 Though they may seem like a lot, 213 00:12:45,764 --> 00:12:48,734 near Toledo, Ohio, 20 skeletons were discovered 214 00:12:48,767 --> 00:12:52,004 with jaws and teeth twice as large as those 215 00:12:52,037 --> 00:12:53,606 of present day people. 216 00:12:53,639 --> 00:12:56,408 The account also noted that odd hieroglyphics 217 00:12:56,442 --> 00:12:58,711 were found with the bodies. 218 00:12:58,744 --> 00:13:01,814 The aforementioned miners in Lovelock Cave, California, 219 00:13:01,847 --> 00:13:05,651 discovered a very tall, red haired mummy in 1911. 220 00:13:05,684 --> 00:13:08,354 A local native has a dress made from the hair 221 00:13:08,387 --> 00:13:11,891 of one of the giants from this area. 222 00:13:11,924 --> 00:13:16,162 In 1931, skeletons from eight and half to ten feet long 223 00:13:16,195 --> 00:13:20,766 were found in the Humbolt lake bed in California. 224 00:13:20,800 --> 00:13:24,303 And in 1932, Ellis Wright found human tracks 225 00:13:24,336 --> 00:13:28,307 in the gypsum rock at White Sands, New Mexico. 226 00:13:28,340 --> 00:13:31,210 His discovery was later backed up by Fred Arthur, 227 00:13:31,243 --> 00:13:33,679 supervisor of the Lincoln National Park 228 00:13:33,712 --> 00:13:36,882 and others who reported that each footprint 229 00:13:36,916 --> 00:13:42,755 was 22 inches long and from eight to 10 inches wide. 230 00:13:42,788 --> 00:13:45,324 They were certain the prints were human in origin 231 00:13:45,357 --> 00:13:48,561 due to the outline of the perfect prints coupled 232 00:13:48,594 --> 00:13:50,863 with a readily apparent instep. 233 00:13:52,164 --> 00:13:55,501 During World War II, author Ivan T. Sanderson 234 00:13:55,534 --> 00:13:57,836 tells of how his crew was bulldozing 235 00:13:57,870 --> 00:14:01,473 through sedimentary rock when it stumbled across 236 00:14:01,507 --> 00:14:03,642 what appeared to be a graveyard. 237 00:14:03,676 --> 00:14:08,514 In it were crania that measured from 22 to 24 inches 238 00:14:08,547 --> 00:14:11,850 from base to crown, nearly three times as large 239 00:14:11,884 --> 00:14:13,686 as an adult human skull. 240 00:14:13,719 --> 00:14:16,455 Had the creatures to whom these skulls belonged 241 00:14:16,488 --> 00:14:18,224 been properly proportioned, 242 00:14:18,257 --> 00:14:20,092 they undoubtedly would have been 243 00:14:20,125 --> 00:14:23,696 at least 12 feet tall or taller. 244 00:14:24,597 --> 00:14:28,167 In 1947, a local newspaper reported 245 00:14:28,200 --> 00:14:31,403 the discovery of nine foot tall skeletons 246 00:14:31,437 --> 00:14:34,740 by amateur archeologists working in Death Valley. 247 00:14:34,773 --> 00:14:37,509 The archeologists involved also claimed 248 00:14:37,543 --> 00:14:39,478 to have found what appeared to be the bones 249 00:14:39,511 --> 00:14:44,650 of tigers and dinosaurs with the human remains. 250 00:14:44,683 --> 00:14:47,186 And the Catalina Islands off California 251 00:14:47,219 --> 00:14:49,722 are the home of dwarf mammoth bones 252 00:14:49,755 --> 00:14:53,359 that were once roasted in ancient pit fires. 253 00:14:53,392 --> 00:14:56,428 These were roasted and eaten by human-like creatures 254 00:14:56,462 --> 00:15:00,799 who were giants with double rows of teeth. 255 00:15:20,185 --> 00:15:21,887 One fact that continues to surface 256 00:15:21,920 --> 00:15:25,391 in the discovery of giants is the reports of skulls 257 00:15:25,424 --> 00:15:28,694 having more than one row of teeth. 258 00:15:28,727 --> 00:15:31,196 According to a study on molecular genetics 259 00:15:31,230 --> 00:15:33,198 of supernumerary tooth formation, 260 00:15:33,232 --> 00:15:37,236 the cause of extra rows of teeth is genetic. 261 00:15:37,269 --> 00:15:39,405 Despite advances in the knowledge 262 00:15:39,438 --> 00:15:42,775 of tooth morphogenesis and differentiation 263 00:15:42,808 --> 00:15:45,744 relatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms 264 00:15:45,778 --> 00:15:49,281 underlying supernumerary tooth formation. 265 00:15:49,315 --> 00:15:51,417 A small number of supernumerary teeth 266 00:15:51,450 --> 00:15:54,753 may be a common developmental dental anomaly. 267 00:15:54,787 --> 00:15:57,723 While multiple supernumerary teeth usually have 268 00:15:57,756 --> 00:16:00,926 a genetic component and they are sometimes thought 269 00:16:00,959 --> 00:16:05,497 to represent a partial third dentition in humans. 270 00:16:05,531 --> 00:16:07,866 Mice, which are commonly used for studying 271 00:16:07,900 --> 00:16:11,770 tooth development, only exhibit one dentition, 272 00:16:11,804 --> 00:16:13,939 with very few mouse models exhibiting 273 00:16:13,972 --> 00:16:17,876 supernumerary teeth similar to those in humans. 274 00:16:17,910 --> 00:16:22,481 Activation of APC or forced activation of WNT canenin signal 275 00:16:22,514 --> 00:16:25,551 results in multiple supernumerary tooth formation 276 00:16:25,584 --> 00:16:27,186 in both humans and in mice, 277 00:16:27,219 --> 00:16:31,757 but the key genes in these pathways are not very clear. 278 00:16:31,790 --> 00:16:34,193 Analysis of other model systems 279 00:16:34,226 --> 00:16:36,295 with continuous tooth replacement 280 00:16:36,328 --> 00:16:38,330 or secondary tooth formation, 281 00:16:38,364 --> 00:16:41,433 such as fish, snake, lizard, and ferret, 282 00:16:41,467 --> 00:16:43,602 is providing insights into the 283 00:16:43,635 --> 00:16:45,771 molecular and cellular mechanisms 284 00:16:45,804 --> 00:16:48,507 underlying successional tooth development, 285 00:16:48,540 --> 00:16:49,942 and should assist in the studies 286 00:16:49,975 --> 00:16:53,145 on supernumerary tooth formation in humans. 287 00:16:53,178 --> 00:16:55,314 But scientists say this information, 288 00:16:55,347 --> 00:16:57,816 together with the advances in stem cell biology 289 00:16:57,850 --> 00:17:00,419 and tissue engineering, will pave ways 290 00:17:00,452 --> 00:17:05,357 for the tooth regeneration and tooth bioengineering. 291 00:17:05,391 --> 00:17:08,360 Though having two rows of teeth is not uncommon, 292 00:17:08,394 --> 00:17:11,864 the specific genetics of giants would probably be 293 00:17:11,897 --> 00:17:16,869 a specific trait to this line of human development. 294 00:17:18,871 --> 00:17:21,740 Along with the reports of double rows of teeth, 295 00:17:21,774 --> 00:17:26,545 extra digits in the hands and feet are sometimes reported. 296 00:17:26,578 --> 00:17:28,614 Along the Illinois River in a cave, 297 00:17:28,647 --> 00:17:31,884 a priest claimed he found prints in rock. 298 00:17:31,917 --> 00:17:35,754 The larger representation of the human foot was 14 inches 299 00:17:35,788 --> 00:17:38,791 and had six toes instead of five. 300 00:17:38,824 --> 00:17:42,294 Morse's "Universal Geography," according to the priest, 301 00:17:42,327 --> 00:17:44,530 gives this account of a number of tracks 302 00:17:44,563 --> 00:17:47,199 or foot impressions found in rocks 303 00:17:47,232 --> 00:17:49,234 in the mountains of Tennessee. 304 00:17:49,268 --> 00:17:51,403 Along these were a number of tracks 305 00:17:51,437 --> 00:17:55,340 representing human feet and they uniformly 306 00:17:55,374 --> 00:17:57,910 had six toes on each foot. 307 00:18:19,098 --> 00:18:22,801 Scientists are stubbornly silent about lost races of giants, 308 00:18:22,835 --> 00:18:24,736 such as those found in burial mounds 309 00:18:24,770 --> 00:18:28,674 near Lake Delavan, Wisconsin in May of 1912. 310 00:18:28,707 --> 00:18:31,376 The dig site at Lake Delavan was overseen 311 00:18:31,410 --> 00:18:33,912 by Beloit College and it included more than 312 00:18:33,946 --> 00:18:38,417 200 effigy mounds that proved to be classic examples 313 00:18:38,450 --> 00:18:41,053 of 8th century Woodland culture. 314 00:18:41,086 --> 00:18:43,455 But the enormous size of the skeletons 315 00:18:43,489 --> 00:18:46,692 and elongated skulls found in May of 1912 316 00:18:46,725 --> 00:18:50,529 did not fit very neatly into anyone's concept 317 00:18:50,562 --> 00:18:52,698 of a textbook standard. 318 00:18:52,731 --> 00:18:54,633 They were enormous. 319 00:18:54,666 --> 00:18:57,102 They were not average human beings. 320 00:18:57,136 --> 00:19:00,339 First reported on the 4th of May 1912 issue 321 00:19:00,372 --> 00:19:01,673 of the "New York Times," 322 00:19:01,707 --> 00:19:04,743 the 18 skeletons found by the Peterson brothers 323 00:19:04,776 --> 00:19:07,880 on Lake Lawn Farm in southwest Wisconsin 324 00:19:07,913 --> 00:19:11,884 exhibited several strange and freakish features. 325 00:19:11,917 --> 00:19:15,554 Their heights ranged from 7.6 feet and 10 feet 326 00:19:15,587 --> 00:19:18,724 and their skulls, presumably those of men, 327 00:19:18,757 --> 00:19:20,826 were much larger than the heads of any race 328 00:19:20,859 --> 00:19:23,562 which inhabit America today. 329 00:19:23,595 --> 00:19:25,697 They tend to have a double row of teeth, 330 00:19:25,731 --> 00:19:28,333 six fingers, six toes and like humans 331 00:19:28,367 --> 00:19:30,168 came in different races. 332 00:19:30,202 --> 00:19:33,171 The teeth in the front of the jaw were regular molars. 333 00:19:33,205 --> 00:19:36,675 Heads usually found were elongated and believed 334 00:19:36,708 --> 00:19:40,379 due to a longer than normal life span. 335 00:19:40,412 --> 00:19:42,915 The Lake Delavan find of May 1912 336 00:19:42,948 --> 00:19:45,717 was only one of dozens of several finds 337 00:19:45,751 --> 00:19:48,053 that were reported in local newspapers 338 00:19:48,086 --> 00:19:51,857 from 1851 forward to the present day. 339 00:19:51,890 --> 00:19:54,326 It was not even the first set of giant skeletons found 340 00:19:54,359 --> 00:19:55,827 in Wisconsin. 341 00:19:55,861 --> 00:19:58,530 On the 10th of August of 1891, 342 00:19:58,564 --> 00:20:00,732 the "New York Times" reported that scientists 343 00:20:00,766 --> 00:20:03,635 from the Smithsonian Institute had discovered 344 00:20:03,669 --> 00:20:07,339 several large pyramidal monuments on Lake Mills, 345 00:20:07,372 --> 00:20:09,408 near Madison, Wisconsin. 346 00:20:09,441 --> 00:20:11,243 Madison was, in ancient days, 347 00:20:11,276 --> 00:20:15,881 the center of a teeming population of over 200,000. 348 00:20:15,914 --> 00:20:18,650 The excavators found an elaborate system 349 00:20:18,684 --> 00:20:23,622 of a defensive works, which they named Fort Aztalan. 350 00:20:26,858 --> 00:20:28,560 The "New York Times" says, 351 00:20:28,594 --> 00:20:31,229 the celebrated mounds of Ohio and Indiana 352 00:20:31,263 --> 00:20:35,100 can bear no comparison, either in size, design 353 00:20:35,133 --> 00:20:38,003 or the skill displayed in their construction 354 00:20:38,036 --> 00:20:41,206 with these gigantic and mysterious monuments of earth, 355 00:20:41,239 --> 00:20:43,575 erected we know not by whom, 356 00:20:43,609 --> 00:20:47,446 and for what purpose we can only conjecture. 357 00:20:47,479 --> 00:20:50,048 On the 20th of December 1897, 358 00:20:50,082 --> 00:20:52,250 the Times followed up with a report 359 00:20:52,284 --> 00:20:54,353 on three large burial mounds 360 00:20:54,386 --> 00:20:57,556 that had been discovered in Maple Creek, Wisconsin. 361 00:20:57,589 --> 00:21:00,792 One had recently been opened. 362 00:21:05,297 --> 00:21:09,267 In it was found the skeleton of a man of gigantic size. 363 00:21:09,301 --> 00:21:12,971 The bones measured from head to foot over nine feet 364 00:21:13,005 --> 00:21:15,774 and were in a fair state of preservation. 365 00:21:15,807 --> 00:21:18,844 The skull was as large as a half bushel measure. 366 00:21:18,877 --> 00:21:21,647 Some finely tempered rods of copper 367 00:21:21,680 --> 00:21:25,350 and other relics were lying near the bones. 368 00:21:44,703 --> 00:21:47,706 Giant skulls and skeletons of a race of giants 369 00:21:47,739 --> 00:21:50,008 have been found on a very regular basis 370 00:21:50,042 --> 00:21:54,780 throughout the midwestern states for more than 100 years. 371 00:21:54,813 --> 00:21:57,783 Giants have been found in Minnesota, Iowa, 372 00:21:57,816 --> 00:22:01,353 Illinois, Ohio, Kentucky and New York. 373 00:22:01,386 --> 00:22:04,856 And their burial sites are similar to the well-known mounds 374 00:22:04,890 --> 00:22:07,626 of the Mound Builder people. 375 00:22:07,659 --> 00:22:10,128 The spectrum of Mound Builder history 376 00:22:10,162 --> 00:22:13,765 spans a period of more than 5,000 years. 377 00:22:13,799 --> 00:22:17,402 A period greater than the history of ancient Egypt 378 00:22:17,436 --> 00:22:19,838 and all of its dynasties. 379 00:22:19,871 --> 00:22:23,108 Most scientists believe that we have an adequate 380 00:22:23,141 --> 00:22:25,911 historical understanding of the peoples 381 00:22:25,944 --> 00:22:28,780 who lived in North America during this period. 382 00:22:28,814 --> 00:22:31,850 However, the long record of anomalous finds 383 00:22:31,883 --> 00:22:36,655 like those at Lake Delavan suggest otherwise. 384 00:22:36,688 --> 00:22:39,958 The January 13th, 1870 edition 385 00:22:39,991 --> 00:22:43,261 of the "Wisconsin Decatur Republican" reported 386 00:22:43,295 --> 00:22:45,897 that two giant well preserved skeletons 387 00:22:45,931 --> 00:22:49,768 of an unknown race were discovered near Potosi, Wisconsin 388 00:22:49,801 --> 00:22:52,838 by workers digging the foundation of a saw mill 389 00:22:52,871 --> 00:22:55,640 near the bank of the Mississippi River. 390 00:22:55,674 --> 00:22:58,410 One skeleton measured seven and a half feet, 391 00:22:58,443 --> 00:23:00,245 the other eight feet. 392 00:23:00,278 --> 00:23:03,315 The skulls of each had prominent cheek bones 393 00:23:03,348 --> 00:23:05,517 and double rows of teeth. 394 00:23:05,550 --> 00:23:07,452 A large collection of arrowheads 395 00:23:07,486 --> 00:23:12,524 and strange toys were found buried near the remains. 396 00:23:12,557 --> 00:23:15,894 While a normal size skeleton of a supposed Mound Builder 397 00:23:15,927 --> 00:23:18,597 is on display at the site of several large 398 00:23:18,630 --> 00:23:23,268 pyramidal monuments near Madison, called Aztalan State Park. 399 00:23:23,301 --> 00:23:26,805 The goliath remains of Wisconsin's giants 400 00:23:26,838 --> 00:23:29,107 have vanished along with the hundreds 401 00:23:29,141 --> 00:23:32,577 of other discoveries throughout the Midwest. 402 00:23:32,611 --> 00:23:34,246 Why? 403 00:23:34,279 --> 00:23:37,616 Is there some conspiracy to hide these giant artifacts 404 00:23:37,649 --> 00:23:39,718 from the public? 405 00:23:39,751 --> 00:23:42,788 Giant skeleton finds have not made 406 00:23:42,821 --> 00:23:46,258 the local or national news much since the 1950s, 407 00:23:46,291 --> 00:23:47,659 for the most part. 408 00:23:47,692 --> 00:23:50,362 It seems the opinion is that they fear 409 00:23:50,395 --> 00:23:54,432 that people would question evolution. 410 00:24:18,690 --> 00:24:20,158 During the time of these discoveries, 411 00:24:20,192 --> 00:24:22,227 the Smithsonian was taking possession 412 00:24:22,260 --> 00:24:24,930 of nearly every giant skeleton found 413 00:24:24,963 --> 00:24:26,998 throughout the entire country, 414 00:24:27,032 --> 00:24:30,468 including the largest discovery of skeletons found 415 00:24:30,502 --> 00:24:32,904 in the Great Mound in Ohio. 416 00:24:32,938 --> 00:24:35,273 What the intent of the institution was 417 00:24:35,307 --> 00:24:38,743 for the giant skeletons has never been discovered. 418 00:24:38,777 --> 00:24:40,946 But several investigators today, 419 00:24:40,979 --> 00:24:44,816 believe the Smithsonian was founded at least in part, 420 00:24:44,850 --> 00:24:48,086 to take the skeletons and hide or destroy them, 421 00:24:48,119 --> 00:24:52,724 dumping some by the barge full in the Atlantic Ocean. 422 00:24:52,757 --> 00:24:54,993 Why one might ask? 423 00:24:55,026 --> 00:24:58,129 Some believe it was to hide the true history of the Earth, 424 00:24:58,163 --> 00:25:00,265 as giant skeletons were being discovered 425 00:25:00,298 --> 00:25:03,134 throughout the world in the late 1800s. 426 00:25:03,168 --> 00:25:04,703 And some believe it was 427 00:25:04,736 --> 00:25:07,272 to backup Darwin's theory of evolution. 428 00:25:07,305 --> 00:25:11,176 If such entities lived on Earth, thousands of years ago, 429 00:25:11,209 --> 00:25:13,812 then Darwin's theory would be automatically 430 00:25:13,845 --> 00:25:16,081 called into question. 431 00:25:16,114 --> 00:25:18,817 Never included in history books is the fact 432 00:25:18,850 --> 00:25:22,387 that every Native American tribe in America 433 00:25:22,420 --> 00:25:26,458 tells the same tale of having to fight and kill the giants, 434 00:25:26,491 --> 00:25:28,059 because they were maneaters 435 00:25:28,093 --> 00:25:31,129 and were decimating the native tribes. 436 00:25:31,162 --> 00:25:33,798 Perhaps because the giants were so large, 437 00:25:33,832 --> 00:25:36,668 the tribes mounded dirt to bury them 438 00:25:36,701 --> 00:25:38,503 instead of digging graves, 439 00:25:38,536 --> 00:25:41,106 which would explain the hundreds if not thousands 440 00:25:41,139 --> 00:25:44,509 of mound burial sites throughout America. 441 00:25:45,777 --> 00:25:47,846 Giant skeletal remains have been found 442 00:25:47,879 --> 00:25:50,248 from Brooklyn, New York to the Channel Islands 443 00:25:50,282 --> 00:25:52,317 off the coast of California. 444 00:25:52,350 --> 00:25:54,853 Most of the remains are mass burials 445 00:25:54,886 --> 00:25:57,088 with signs of violent death, 446 00:25:57,122 --> 00:26:00,358 as if a huge battle had been fought then won, 447 00:26:00,392 --> 00:26:02,961 and the massacred buried deep in the mounds 448 00:26:02,994 --> 00:26:04,996 to contain them. 449 00:26:06,498 --> 00:26:09,534 Most if not all of American history textbooks 450 00:26:09,567 --> 00:26:14,506 never mention Cahokia, America's greatest city for its time. 451 00:26:14,539 --> 00:26:19,210 A very large Indian trading city, 3.5 miles in size 452 00:26:19,244 --> 00:26:22,614 on the site of where St. Louis now stands. 453 00:26:22,647 --> 00:26:26,017 It was built about the same time of the Mayan culture 454 00:26:26,051 --> 00:26:31,256 and was surrounded by 120 pyramids and farmland. 455 00:26:31,289 --> 00:26:35,060 At its zenith, the city had 15,000 inhabitants, 456 00:26:35,093 --> 00:26:39,331 which compared to Paris population wise at the time. 457 00:26:39,364 --> 00:26:42,500 The city existed at the same time of the Mound Builders 458 00:26:42,534 --> 00:26:45,437 and it is surmised that they were the ones 459 00:26:45,470 --> 00:26:47,372 who built Cahokia. 460 00:26:47,405 --> 00:26:52,110 But the mystery remains, who were the Mound Builders? 461 00:26:52,143 --> 00:26:56,414 In 1170, a mysterious fire destroyed the city 462 00:26:56,448 --> 00:26:57,382 when it was rebuilt. 463 00:26:57,415 --> 00:27:00,285 Defense walls were built and new buildings, 464 00:27:00,318 --> 00:27:02,854 which were all smaller and fortified. 465 00:27:02,887 --> 00:27:05,924 The city was never populated or as powerful 466 00:27:05,957 --> 00:27:08,727 following that fire. 467 00:27:08,760 --> 00:27:10,528 No one knows how the fire started, 468 00:27:10,562 --> 00:27:13,898 but the homes that burned were built with thatched roofs 469 00:27:13,932 --> 00:27:16,334 and were easily destroyed. 470 00:27:16,368 --> 00:27:18,870 Archaeologists have surmised that rebels 471 00:27:18,903 --> 00:27:21,940 burned the town and instituted a sun imagery 472 00:27:21,973 --> 00:27:23,975 that was used thereafter. 473 00:27:24,009 --> 00:27:26,378 But if you put the pieces of this puzzle together, 474 00:27:26,411 --> 00:27:31,449 you might come up with an entirely different history. 475 00:27:31,483 --> 00:27:34,252 Considering the tales of modern Native Americans, 476 00:27:34,285 --> 00:27:37,455 whose cultures related stories of the giants, 477 00:27:37,489 --> 00:27:40,158 you can imagine that they were the ones 478 00:27:40,191 --> 00:27:44,029 who burned Cahokia to destroy the giants within the city. 479 00:27:44,062 --> 00:27:47,232 When they rebuilt, the victorious Native Americans 480 00:27:47,265 --> 00:27:50,035 put up defenses and built much smaller homes 481 00:27:50,068 --> 00:27:52,670 to live in because they were not giants, 482 00:27:52,704 --> 00:27:54,272 like their predecessors. 483 00:27:54,305 --> 00:27:57,542 The homes they built were more regulated in size 484 00:27:57,575 --> 00:28:00,745 and did not reflect the wealth and stature 485 00:28:00,779 --> 00:28:05,250 that the previous larger homes of the giants displayed. 486 00:28:29,407 --> 00:28:33,211 David Cusick, a Tuscororan Indian, wrote in 1825 487 00:28:33,244 --> 00:28:36,214 about a giant tribe called Ronnongwetowanca 488 00:28:36,247 --> 00:28:37,716 in the Ohio Valley. 489 00:28:37,749 --> 00:28:40,585 In his account, he wrote that other smaller tribes 490 00:28:40,618 --> 00:28:43,321 grew tired of the giants attacking them. 491 00:28:43,354 --> 00:28:46,357 So with a force of 800 warriors they killed 492 00:28:46,391 --> 00:28:48,960 all the Ronnongwetowanca people. 493 00:28:48,993 --> 00:28:52,430 After that, there were no more giants anywhere. 494 00:28:52,464 --> 00:28:55,667 Cusick wrote that this happened 2500 years 495 00:28:55,700 --> 00:29:01,106 before Columbus discovered America, about 1000 B.C. 496 00:29:01,139 --> 00:29:03,575 The thousand giants who were massacred 497 00:29:03,608 --> 00:29:06,578 were laid together in heaps and covered with dirt, 498 00:29:06,611 --> 00:29:08,980 which again could explain the mound building 499 00:29:09,013 --> 00:29:11,649 prevalent in the Ohio Valley. 500 00:29:11,683 --> 00:29:14,552 One amazing fact withheld from history books 501 00:29:14,586 --> 00:29:17,555 is that virtually every explorer who came 502 00:29:17,589 --> 00:29:21,159 to the New World encountered giants. 503 00:29:21,192 --> 00:29:25,530 Amerigo Vespucci, Magellan, Coronado, De Soto 504 00:29:25,563 --> 00:29:30,735 and Sir Francis Drake all claimed giant encounters. 505 00:29:30,768 --> 00:29:33,571 Historically supported by these eyewitness accounts 506 00:29:33,605 --> 00:29:36,574 of some of the world's most esteemed explorers 507 00:29:36,608 --> 00:29:40,145 of the time, these stories were also chronicled 508 00:29:40,178 --> 00:29:44,549 by the Spanish and other lesser known explorers. 509 00:29:47,719 --> 00:29:50,221 Stories of giants that occupied Europe 510 00:29:50,255 --> 00:29:52,123 comes from the Middle Ages and involves 511 00:29:52,157 --> 00:29:55,593 a surprising figure, St. Christopher. 512 00:29:55,627 --> 00:29:58,329 While modern stories of St. Christopher 513 00:29:58,363 --> 00:30:00,632 simply make him out as an ordinary man, 514 00:30:00,665 --> 00:30:03,268 or perhaps a somewhat homely man, 515 00:30:03,301 --> 00:30:07,639 those who actually saw him had a different story. 516 00:30:07,672 --> 00:30:10,341 According to his peers, he was a giant 517 00:30:10,375 --> 00:30:14,512 belonging to a tribe of dog-headed, cannibalistic giants. 518 00:30:14,546 --> 00:30:17,348 Jacobus de Voragine in "The Golden Legend" 519 00:30:17,382 --> 00:30:20,618 wrote of St. Christopher, he was of gigantic stature, 520 00:30:20,652 --> 00:30:24,589 had a terrifying mien, and was 12 coudees tall. 521 00:30:24,622 --> 00:30:27,959 A coudee is an ancient measurement equal to 522 00:30:27,992 --> 00:30:32,130 or larger than the English linear measurement of a foot. 523 00:30:32,163 --> 00:30:34,732 According to his ancient account, 524 00:30:34,766 --> 00:30:38,136 St. Christopher stood from 12 to 18 feet tall. 525 00:30:38,169 --> 00:30:41,105 A fact that had been hidden in or even erased 526 00:30:41,139 --> 00:30:43,508 from church history. 527 00:30:57,889 --> 00:31:01,593 In humans, gigantism is usually caused by a tumor 528 00:31:01,626 --> 00:31:03,761 on the pituitary gland of the brain. 529 00:31:03,795 --> 00:31:06,598 It causes growth of the hands, face and feet. 530 00:31:06,631 --> 00:31:10,001 In some cases, the condition can be passed on genetically 531 00:31:10,034 --> 00:31:12,737 through a mutated gene. 532 00:31:12,770 --> 00:31:15,673 Many of those who have been identified with gigantism 533 00:31:15,707 --> 00:31:17,976 have suffered from multiple health issues, 534 00:31:18,009 --> 00:31:21,779 involving their circulatory or skeletal system. 535 00:31:21,813 --> 00:31:25,216 Hypersecretion of growth hormones causes gigantism 536 00:31:25,250 --> 00:31:27,151 in children and adults. 537 00:31:27,185 --> 00:31:30,421 Reports of gigantism exist throughout history 538 00:31:30,455 --> 00:31:33,858 with some nations and tribes taller than others. 539 00:31:33,891 --> 00:31:35,627 The giants of Crete are listed 540 00:31:35,660 --> 00:31:38,663 in various historical sources, beginning with Titan, 541 00:31:38,696 --> 00:31:42,400 a greek mythological giant, and including Gigantus, 542 00:31:42,433 --> 00:31:45,637 after whom giants and gigantism are named. 543 00:31:45,670 --> 00:31:48,006 Rhodes is another island where giants 544 00:31:48,039 --> 00:31:49,574 were said to have lived. 545 00:31:49,607 --> 00:31:51,909 With the Colossus of Rhodes, a giant statue 546 00:31:51,943 --> 00:31:55,480 of a giant patron god Helios. 547 00:31:55,513 --> 00:31:57,682 Goliath, a giant mentioned in the Bible, 548 00:31:57,715 --> 00:32:00,818 was a Philistine warrior who was slain by David 549 00:32:00,852 --> 00:32:04,455 in a battle between the Israelites and Philistines. 550 00:32:04,489 --> 00:32:07,492 A member of Goliath's family is also recorded 551 00:32:07,525 --> 00:32:09,560 as having six fingers on each hand 552 00:32:09,594 --> 00:32:12,864 and six toes on each feet. 553 00:32:14,766 --> 00:32:17,702 The Nephilim, who are generally accepted to be giant, 554 00:32:17,735 --> 00:32:20,505 were the offspring of the sons of God 555 00:32:20,538 --> 00:32:23,274 and the daughters of men before the deluge 556 00:32:23,308 --> 00:32:24,809 according to "Genesis." 557 00:32:24,842 --> 00:32:27,745 The name is also used in reference to giants 558 00:32:27,779 --> 00:32:30,615 who inhabited Canaan at the time of the Israelite conquest 559 00:32:30,648 --> 00:32:33,184 of Canaan according to "Numbers." 560 00:32:33,217 --> 00:32:37,021 A similar biblical Hebrew word with different vowel sounds 561 00:32:37,055 --> 00:32:41,926 is used in "Ezekiel" to refer to dead Philistine warriors. 562 00:32:41,959 --> 00:32:44,662 Cotton Mather believed that fossilized leg bones 563 00:32:44,696 --> 00:32:48,966 and teeth discovered near Albany, New York in 1705 564 00:32:49,000 --> 00:32:51,269 were the remains of Nephilim who perished 565 00:32:51,302 --> 00:32:52,970 in a great flood. 566 00:32:53,004 --> 00:32:57,909 However, paleontologists claim these are mastodon remains. 567 00:33:12,423 --> 00:33:14,525 Is it possible that ancient monuments 568 00:33:14,559 --> 00:33:19,897 found throughout the world were actually built by giants? 569 00:33:19,931 --> 00:33:24,102 Legend tells that Stonehenge may have such origins. 570 00:33:24,135 --> 00:33:27,672 According to Geoffrey of Monmouth, the rocks of Stonehenge 571 00:33:27,705 --> 00:33:30,842 were healing rocks, called the "Giant's Dance", 572 00:33:30,875 --> 00:33:34,011 which giants had brought from Africa to Ireland 573 00:33:34,045 --> 00:33:35,813 for their healing properties. 574 00:33:35,847 --> 00:33:38,783 The 5th century king Aurelius Ambrosius 575 00:33:38,816 --> 00:33:42,487 wished to erect a memorial to 3,000 nobles slain 576 00:33:42,520 --> 00:33:46,691 in battle against the Saxons and buried at Salisbury, 577 00:33:46,724 --> 00:33:50,361 and at Merlin's advice chose Stonehenge. 578 00:33:50,395 --> 00:33:52,930 The king sent Merlin, Uther Pendragon 579 00:33:52,964 --> 00:33:56,768 and 15,000 knights to remove it from Ireland, 580 00:33:56,801 --> 00:33:59,270 which it had been constructed on Mount Killaraus 581 00:33:59,303 --> 00:34:00,805 by the giants. 582 00:34:00,838 --> 00:34:04,442 They slew 7,000 Irish, but as the knights tried 583 00:34:04,475 --> 00:34:08,546 to move the rocks with ropes and force, they failed. 584 00:34:08,579 --> 00:34:11,749 Then Merlin, using gear and skill, 585 00:34:11,783 --> 00:34:16,120 easily dismantled the stones and sent them over to Britain, 586 00:34:16,154 --> 00:34:18,656 where Stonehenge was dedicated. 587 00:34:18,689 --> 00:34:21,325 It is said that these kings were buried inside 588 00:34:21,359 --> 00:34:25,363 the "Giants' Rings of Stonehenge." 589 00:34:25,396 --> 00:34:30,968 America also has a Stonehenge dating back over 2,000 years. 590 00:34:31,002 --> 00:34:34,806 America's Stonehenge, sometimes referred to as Mystery Hill, 591 00:34:34,839 --> 00:34:37,108 is an archaeological site consisting 592 00:34:37,141 --> 00:34:40,445 of a number of large rocks and stone structures 593 00:34:40,478 --> 00:34:42,613 scattered around roughly 30 acres 594 00:34:42,647 --> 00:34:45,149 within the town of Salem, New Hampshire 595 00:34:45,183 --> 00:34:47,685 in the northeast United States. 596 00:34:47,718 --> 00:34:50,755 Carbon dating of charcoal pits at the site 597 00:34:50,788 --> 00:34:55,860 provided dates from 2,000 B.C. to 173 B.C., 598 00:34:55,893 --> 00:34:59,297 when the area was populated by ancestors 599 00:34:59,330 --> 00:35:01,466 of current Native Americans. 600 00:35:01,499 --> 00:35:03,701 In archaeological chronology, 601 00:35:03,734 --> 00:35:07,505 this places indigenous use of the site either into 602 00:35:07,538 --> 00:35:11,008 the Late Archaic or the Early Woodland time periods. 603 00:35:11,042 --> 00:35:16,948 It would have been in use during the time of the giants. 604 00:35:16,981 --> 00:35:19,650 Bones and monuments are not the only evidence 605 00:35:19,684 --> 00:35:22,687 suggesting the existence of giants, 606 00:35:22,720 --> 00:35:26,991 huge footprints have also been discovered, 607 00:35:27,024 --> 00:35:30,461 In 1897, the "Los Angeles Herald" revealed 608 00:35:30,495 --> 00:35:33,431 that laborers had discovered a fossil shoe print 609 00:35:33,464 --> 00:35:35,633 in solid rock. 610 00:35:35,666 --> 00:35:38,569 The imprint was that of a shoe with high narrow heel 611 00:35:38,603 --> 00:35:40,571 and a broad flat sole. 612 00:35:40,605 --> 00:35:43,140 It was so clear in the fine grain shale 613 00:35:43,174 --> 00:35:45,743 in which it was found, that it looked as though 614 00:35:45,776 --> 00:35:48,513 the owner had unwittingly put his foot right 615 00:35:48,546 --> 00:35:51,649 in the soft mud a day or two before. 616 00:35:51,682 --> 00:35:54,385 Sandal or moccasin prints have also been seen 617 00:35:54,418 --> 00:35:58,222 in gypsum of the White Sands in New Mexico. 618 00:35:58,256 --> 00:36:02,260 Ellis Wright, in 1932, found tracks of human form 619 00:36:02,293 --> 00:36:06,797 as large as 22 inches long. 620 00:36:06,831 --> 00:36:10,167 The White Sands were laid down as an ancient inlet sea 621 00:36:10,201 --> 00:36:13,237 gradually dried up around the time of the demise 622 00:36:13,271 --> 00:36:15,873 of the dinosaurs. 623 00:36:15,907 --> 00:36:18,809 The "American Anthropologist" published an article 624 00:36:18,843 --> 00:36:22,780 in February 1896, of a large stone 625 00:36:22,813 --> 00:36:25,483 bearing the perfect imprint of a human foot, 626 00:36:25,516 --> 00:36:28,753 14.5 inches long. 627 00:36:28,786 --> 00:36:30,121 It was shown to member's 628 00:36:30,154 --> 00:36:33,758 of the Ohio State Academy of Science in 1896. 629 00:36:33,791 --> 00:36:36,761 The stone slab had been dug from the ground 630 00:36:36,794 --> 00:36:40,598 in a hill four miles north of Parkersburg, West Virginia, 631 00:36:40,631 --> 00:36:43,167 some 20 years earlier. 632 00:36:43,200 --> 00:36:45,836 In 1938, Dr. Wilbur Burroughs, 633 00:36:45,870 --> 00:36:48,940 head of the geology department at Berea College, Kentucky, 634 00:36:48,973 --> 00:36:52,977 announced that he had discovered 10 humanoid footprints 635 00:36:53,010 --> 00:36:55,613 in carboniferous sandstone on a farm 636 00:36:55,646 --> 00:36:58,482 belonging to Mr. O. Finnell in the hills in the 637 00:36:58,516 --> 00:37:00,785 southern part of Rockcastle County. 638 00:37:00,818 --> 00:37:03,354 The prints were nine and a half inches long 639 00:37:03,387 --> 00:37:05,122 and six inches wide. 640 00:37:05,156 --> 00:37:08,626 The length between footprints was 18 inches. 641 00:37:08,659 --> 00:37:12,229 No marks of four feet or a tail were found. 642 00:37:12,263 --> 00:37:15,866 Infrared photography revealed that there were no signs 643 00:37:15,900 --> 00:37:20,538 of carving or artificial markings in or around the prints. 644 00:37:20,571 --> 00:37:22,807 A microscopic count of sand grains 645 00:37:22,840 --> 00:37:25,009 indicated that the material within the prints 646 00:37:25,042 --> 00:37:28,446 had been impacted and created as the result 647 00:37:28,479 --> 00:37:30,748 of force pressing down on the firmament 648 00:37:30,781 --> 00:37:33,017 while it was soft. 649 00:37:33,050 --> 00:37:35,853 These facts show that the prints were made 650 00:37:35,886 --> 00:37:39,056 by the natural result of pressure from the human foot, 651 00:37:39,090 --> 00:37:44,061 and in no way could have been duplicated by carving. 652 00:37:45,296 --> 00:37:47,832 The rock in which the prints were discovered 653 00:37:47,865 --> 00:37:52,737 was estimated to be 250 million years old. 654 00:37:54,038 --> 00:37:58,643 In recent years, the prints have been destroyed by vandals. 655 00:38:08,052 --> 00:38:10,955 Giant tracks, seemingly made by a human being, 656 00:38:10,988 --> 00:38:14,158 were found by a government tracker in the Alkali Flats area 657 00:38:14,191 --> 00:38:18,162 of the great White Sands, New Mexico in 1931. 658 00:38:18,195 --> 00:38:21,666 A year later, a party of four, including O. Fred Arthur, 659 00:38:21,699 --> 00:38:23,968 supervisor of Lincoln National Forest, 660 00:38:24,001 --> 00:38:26,003 set out to investigate the tracks 661 00:38:26,037 --> 00:38:29,307 with the government trapper Ellis Wright as their guide. 662 00:38:29,340 --> 00:38:33,144 They found 13 imprints crossing a relic desert basin 663 00:38:33,177 --> 00:38:36,947 in the eastern most foothills of the San Andreas Mountains. 664 00:38:36,981 --> 00:38:39,283 Despite the great size of the tracks, 665 00:38:39,316 --> 00:38:41,819 the investigators were convinced they were human, 666 00:38:41,852 --> 00:38:44,488 for the prints were perfect and even the insteps 667 00:38:44,522 --> 00:38:46,590 were plainly marked. 668 00:38:46,624 --> 00:38:50,561 Oval shaped, the prints are 16 to 22 inches long 669 00:38:50,594 --> 00:38:52,430 and eight to 12 inches wide, 670 00:38:52,463 --> 00:38:55,933 with a distance between strides of about five feet 671 00:38:55,966 --> 00:38:59,770 and a separation in width of two feet. 672 00:38:59,804 --> 00:39:03,708 In 1882, huge footprints, strongly resembling 673 00:39:03,741 --> 00:39:06,277 those of a human wearing shoes, were found 674 00:39:06,310 --> 00:39:09,780 in a layer of sandstone in the yard of the state prison 675 00:39:09,814 --> 00:39:13,784 near Carson City, Nevada during digging operations. 676 00:39:13,818 --> 00:39:17,555 The prints were between 18 and 20 inches long, 677 00:39:17,588 --> 00:39:20,191 and approximately eight inches wide. 678 00:39:20,224 --> 00:39:23,694 The stride was about three feet and the distance between 679 00:39:23,728 --> 00:39:25,863 the left and right tracks, the straddle, 680 00:39:25,896 --> 00:39:28,999 was about 19 inches. 681 00:39:29,033 --> 00:39:31,635 Since the size of the prints and the age of the rock 682 00:39:31,669 --> 00:39:33,204 at the layer they were discovered, 683 00:39:33,237 --> 00:39:36,540 two to three million years old, argued against 684 00:39:36,574 --> 00:39:39,810 a human or even a humanoid origin. 685 00:39:39,844 --> 00:39:42,713 The prints were ascribed to a more acceptable origin, 686 00:39:42,747 --> 00:39:45,783 the tracks of a giant ground sloth. 687 00:39:45,816 --> 00:39:48,486 It's thought that these animals could stand upright, 688 00:39:48,519 --> 00:39:52,823 but only by using their tails for additional support. 689 00:39:52,857 --> 00:39:56,060 However, no tail track was found at this site. 690 00:39:56,093 --> 00:39:58,996 It was also suggested that perhaps the animal 691 00:39:59,029 --> 00:40:01,999 was walkIng on four feet and that its rear legs 692 00:40:02,032 --> 00:40:06,337 were landing exactly in the tracks left by its front feet. 693 00:40:06,370 --> 00:40:09,774 Thereby creating the impression of a biped. 694 00:40:09,807 --> 00:40:12,009 But this fails to account for the fact 695 00:40:12,042 --> 00:40:16,881 that the tracks show no toe marks and appear to be sandals. 696 00:40:45,843 --> 00:40:48,579 What may well be the oldest fossil footprint 697 00:40:48,612 --> 00:40:51,916 ever discovered, was found in 1968 698 00:40:51,949 --> 00:40:55,753 by William J. Meister, an amateur fossil collector. 699 00:40:55,786 --> 00:40:58,055 If the print is what is appears to be, 700 00:40:58,088 --> 00:41:01,225 the impression of a sandaled shoe crushing a trilobite, 701 00:41:01,258 --> 00:41:03,160 it would have had to have been made 702 00:41:03,194 --> 00:41:06,764 300 to 600 million years ago, 703 00:41:06,797 --> 00:41:09,533 and would be sufficient to either overturn 704 00:41:09,567 --> 00:41:11,669 all conventionally accepted ideas 705 00:41:11,702 --> 00:41:14,205 of human and geological evolution, 706 00:41:14,238 --> 00:41:16,440 or to prove that a shoe wearing biped 707 00:41:16,473 --> 00:41:20,945 from another world had once visited this planet. 708 00:41:20,978 --> 00:41:23,881 Meister made his potentially disturbing find 709 00:41:23,914 --> 00:41:27,484 during a rock and fossil hunting trip to Antelope Spring, 710 00:41:27,518 --> 00:41:30,387 43 miles west of Delta, Utah. 711 00:41:30,421 --> 00:41:34,158 His party had already discovered several fossil trilobites 712 00:41:34,191 --> 00:41:37,027 when Meister split open a rock with his hammer 713 00:41:37,061 --> 00:41:39,230 and made the outrageous find. 714 00:41:39,263 --> 00:41:42,967 The rock fell open like a book revealing on one side 715 00:41:43,000 --> 00:41:45,803 the footprint of a human with trilobites 716 00:41:45,836 --> 00:41:47,972 right in the footprint itself. 717 00:41:48,005 --> 00:41:50,140 The other half of the slab of the rock 718 00:41:50,174 --> 00:41:54,144 showed an almost perfect mold of the footprint in fossils. 719 00:41:54,178 --> 00:41:58,048 Amazingly, the human was wearing a sandal. 720 00:41:58,082 --> 00:42:01,218 Trilobites are small marine invertebrates, 721 00:42:01,252 --> 00:42:03,921 the relatives of today's shrimp and crabs, 722 00:42:03,954 --> 00:42:07,124 that flourished for over 320 million years 723 00:42:07,157 --> 00:42:12,062 before becoming extinct 280 million years ago. 724 00:42:35,986 --> 00:42:38,622 If giant footprints are not enough to convince 725 00:42:38,656 --> 00:42:40,291 even the most hardened skeptic, 726 00:42:40,324 --> 00:42:43,294 then giant tools and artifacts might not budge 727 00:42:43,327 --> 00:42:45,729 their restricted perceptions either. 728 00:42:45,763 --> 00:42:50,200 However, consider these, in June 1936 729 00:42:50,234 --> 00:42:53,103 Max Hahn and his wife Emma were on a walk 730 00:42:53,137 --> 00:42:56,507 when they noticed a rock with wood protruding from its core. 731 00:42:56,540 --> 00:42:59,176 They took the rock home and later cracked it open 732 00:42:59,209 --> 00:43:01,145 with a hammer and chisel. 733 00:43:01,178 --> 00:43:05,249 What they found within seemed to be an ancient hammer. 734 00:43:05,282 --> 00:43:07,351 A team of archaeologists checked it 735 00:43:07,384 --> 00:43:09,954 and determined the rock encasing the hammer 736 00:43:09,987 --> 00:43:14,058 was dated back more than 400 million years. 737 00:43:14,091 --> 00:43:16,293 The hammer itself turned out to be be more 738 00:43:16,327 --> 00:43:18,662 than 500 million years old, 739 00:43:18,696 --> 00:43:21,298 according to the same measurement. 740 00:43:21,332 --> 00:43:24,501 Apparently it's so old that a section of the handle 741 00:43:24,535 --> 00:43:27,905 had begun the transformation to coal. 742 00:43:27,938 --> 00:43:32,142 The hammer's head, made of more than 96% iron, 743 00:43:32,176 --> 00:43:35,179 is far more pure than anything nature 744 00:43:35,212 --> 00:43:39,683 could have achieved without an assistance from technology. 745 00:43:39,717 --> 00:43:43,120 There had been a number of intriguing finds in Indiana 746 00:43:43,153 --> 00:43:45,389 over the years, including the discovery 747 00:43:45,422 --> 00:43:49,560 of eight skeletons, one clad in copper armor 748 00:43:49,593 --> 00:43:52,329 buried in a perfect circle. 749 00:43:53,564 --> 00:43:56,734 In 1888, the Logan Grey's, a military group 750 00:43:56,767 --> 00:44:01,171 led by A.M. Jones were conducting military exercises 751 00:44:01,205 --> 00:44:05,576 on a small island on Eagle Lake near Warsaw, Indiana. 752 00:44:05,609 --> 00:44:08,178 Under a flat stone, they discovered a hole 753 00:44:08,212 --> 00:44:11,115 that led to an entrance to a secret cave 754 00:44:11,148 --> 00:44:16,653 that was 25 feet long, 15 feet wide and eight feet deep. 755 00:44:16,687 --> 00:44:21,258 Inside was the skeleton of a six foot, nine inch giant 756 00:44:21,291 --> 00:44:23,861 buried next to a stream that led to what 757 00:44:23,894 --> 00:44:26,397 was called a sacred pool. 758 00:44:26,430 --> 00:44:28,866 In 1889, near Kewanna, standing stones 759 00:44:28,899 --> 00:44:31,335 were found on a mound and underneath 760 00:44:31,368 --> 00:44:34,204 another giant was unearthed. 761 00:44:34,238 --> 00:44:37,207 While in Whitlock, Indiana another giant 762 00:44:37,241 --> 00:44:39,610 was found in association with a group buried 763 00:44:39,643 --> 00:44:42,246 in a seating position. 764 00:45:10,074 --> 00:45:12,576 One of the largest finds on record was reported 765 00:45:12,609 --> 00:45:15,679 in "A History of Jennings County Indiana" 766 00:45:15,712 --> 00:45:18,515 published in 1885. 767 00:45:18,549 --> 00:45:22,720 It was reported that in 1881, a nine foot tall skeleton 768 00:45:22,753 --> 00:45:24,988 was unearthed in a local mound, 769 00:45:25,022 --> 00:45:27,624 along with the body of a blonde haired child. 770 00:45:27,658 --> 00:45:32,262 And finally, in 1912 an enormous jaw was dug up, 771 00:45:32,296 --> 00:45:34,231 that had double rows of teeth, 772 00:45:34,264 --> 00:45:37,367 a unique characteristic of some giants discovered 773 00:45:37,401 --> 00:45:40,170 in other parts of the country as well. 774 00:45:40,204 --> 00:45:44,007 What is believed to be the largest Indian stone ax 775 00:45:44,041 --> 00:45:46,510 in existence, is among the collections 776 00:45:46,543 --> 00:45:49,513 of the Missouri Historical Society. 777 00:45:49,546 --> 00:45:53,717 The ax is made of granite, it measures 28 inches in length, 778 00:45:53,750 --> 00:45:57,754 14 inches in width and 11 inches in thickness 779 00:45:57,788 --> 00:46:01,191 and weighs more than 300 pounds. 780 00:46:01,225 --> 00:46:04,228 When found, the pointed end was embedded 781 00:46:04,261 --> 00:46:06,630 in a small mound of boulders and pebbles 782 00:46:06,663 --> 00:46:09,700 with the body and head of the ax exposed. 783 00:46:09,733 --> 00:46:13,403 The hole apparently forming a shrine or altar. 784 00:46:13,437 --> 00:46:16,240 The ax resembles a tomahawk pipe, 785 00:46:16,273 --> 00:46:19,610 its upper end or head is slightly hallowed out 786 00:46:19,643 --> 00:46:22,346 and in this depression was ceremoniously placed 787 00:46:22,379 --> 00:46:25,048 a small quantity of tobacco. 788 00:46:25,082 --> 00:46:28,418 A well beaten moccasin trail led up the incline 789 00:46:28,452 --> 00:46:30,554 of the eminence in which the shrine stood, 790 00:46:30,587 --> 00:46:33,290 indicating that the place had long been used 791 00:46:33,323 --> 00:46:36,126 for religious purposes. 792 00:46:36,160 --> 00:46:38,262 According to Chippewa tradition, 793 00:46:38,295 --> 00:46:41,632 the ax has been held in veneration by these Indians 794 00:46:41,665 --> 00:46:44,434 from time immemorial. 795 00:46:46,603 --> 00:46:50,207 The Guadeloupe Woman is a well authenticated discovery, 796 00:46:50,240 --> 00:46:52,242 which has been in the British Museum 797 00:46:52,276 --> 00:46:54,511 for over half a century. 798 00:46:54,545 --> 00:46:57,047 In 1812, on the coast of the French Caribbean 799 00:46:57,080 --> 00:47:01,618 island of Guadeloupe, a fully human skeleton was found, 800 00:47:01,652 --> 00:47:05,389 complete in every aspect except for the feet and head. 801 00:47:05,422 --> 00:47:09,092 It belonged to a woman about five foot two inches tall. 802 00:47:09,126 --> 00:47:11,528 What makes this of great significance 803 00:47:11,562 --> 00:47:15,432 is the fact that this skeleton was found inside 804 00:47:15,465 --> 00:47:18,569 extremely hard, very old limestone, 805 00:47:18,602 --> 00:47:23,307 which was part of a formation more than a mile in length. 806 00:47:23,340 --> 00:47:26,276 Modern geological dating places this formation 807 00:47:26,310 --> 00:47:29,646 at 28 million years old, 808 00:47:29,680 --> 00:47:33,083 which is 25 million years before modern man 809 00:47:33,116 --> 00:47:36,887 is supposed to have first appeared on Earth. 810 00:47:36,920 --> 00:47:40,490 Since such a date for a regular person does not fit 811 00:47:40,524 --> 00:47:44,394 evolutionary theory, you will not find Guadeloupe Woman 812 00:47:44,428 --> 00:47:47,264 mentioned in any hominid textbooks. 813 00:47:47,297 --> 00:47:51,068 To do so would be to disprove evolutionary dating 814 00:47:51,101 --> 00:47:52,936 of rock formations. 815 00:47:52,970 --> 00:47:54,905 When the two ton limestone block, 816 00:47:54,938 --> 00:47:56,673 containing Guadeloupe Woman, 817 00:47:56,707 --> 00:48:01,178 was first put on exhibit in the British Museum in 1812, 818 00:48:01,211 --> 00:48:05,549 it was displayed as proof of the Genesis flood. 819 00:48:05,582 --> 00:48:08,151 But that was 20 years before Lyell 820 00:48:08,185 --> 00:48:11,555 and nearly 50 years before Darwin. 821 00:48:11,588 --> 00:48:15,192 In 1881, the exhibit was quietly taken down 822 00:48:15,225 --> 00:48:19,463 to the basement and remains there to this day. 823 00:48:31,808 --> 00:48:33,877 Many giant skeletons have been found 824 00:48:33,910 --> 00:48:38,015 in or near Native American mounds and burial places. 825 00:48:38,048 --> 00:48:41,852 Native Americans have many legends regarding giants. 826 00:48:41,885 --> 00:48:43,687 Here are just a few. 827 00:48:43,720 --> 00:48:46,456 The Apache have a legend about Big Owl, 828 00:48:46,490 --> 00:48:48,859 a malicious and dangerous giant, 829 00:48:48,892 --> 00:48:52,562 often used as a bogeyman in children's stories. 830 00:48:52,596 --> 00:48:56,400 In some Apache tribes, Big Owl also plays 831 00:48:56,433 --> 00:48:58,735 a more important mythological role 832 00:48:58,769 --> 00:49:02,072 as an early adversary of the War Twins. 833 00:49:02,105 --> 00:49:04,574 Like other legendary Apache beings, 834 00:49:04,608 --> 00:49:06,810 Big Owl is sometimes described as 835 00:49:06,843 --> 00:49:10,380 having a human form, in this case a man-eating ogre 836 00:49:10,414 --> 00:49:12,649 and other times an animal form, 837 00:49:12,683 --> 00:49:14,651 such as a large horned owl, 838 00:49:14,685 --> 00:49:18,655 large enough to carry off a child. 839 00:49:18,689 --> 00:49:21,658 Giwakwa are the evil man-eating ice giants 840 00:49:21,692 --> 00:49:24,261 of southern Wabanaki legends. 841 00:49:24,294 --> 00:49:26,196 According to most legends, 842 00:49:26,229 --> 00:49:28,031 Giwakwa was once a human being, 843 00:49:28,065 --> 00:49:31,068 who either became possessed by an evil spirit 844 00:49:31,101 --> 00:49:33,270 or committed a terrible crime, 845 00:49:33,303 --> 00:49:36,006 especially cannibalism or withholding food 846 00:49:36,039 --> 00:49:41,578 from a starving person, causing his heart to turn to ice. 847 00:49:41,611 --> 00:49:44,915 In some Abenaki legends, the stone giants 848 00:49:44,948 --> 00:49:46,616 were not transformed humans 849 00:49:46,650 --> 00:49:49,519 but primordial man-eating monsters 850 00:49:49,553 --> 00:49:53,523 defeated by the culture hero Gluskabe. 851 00:49:54,791 --> 00:49:57,928 Kolowa is a kind of hairy man-eating ogre 852 00:49:57,961 --> 00:50:01,498 from Creek mythology, some recent Creek storytellers 853 00:50:01,531 --> 00:50:04,735 have translated it to gorilla. 854 00:50:04,768 --> 00:50:07,938 The Lofa is a malevolent, ogre-like monster 855 00:50:07,971 --> 00:50:09,639 of Chickasaw folklore. 856 00:50:09,673 --> 00:50:12,876 His name literally means flayer or skinner, 857 00:50:12,909 --> 00:50:16,346 a reference to his gruesome habit of flaying the skin 858 00:50:16,380 --> 00:50:18,181 from his victims. 859 00:50:18,215 --> 00:50:22,419 In some legends, he attempts to abduct Chickasaw women. 860 00:50:22,452 --> 00:50:25,021 He is sometimes described as a giant 861 00:50:25,055 --> 00:50:28,625 and other times as a large, hairy, smelly man, 862 00:50:28,658 --> 00:50:31,294 leading some people to associate him 863 00:50:31,328 --> 00:50:33,997 with the Bigfoot legend. 864 00:50:37,267 --> 00:50:40,604 Moshup is giant, who is the culture hero 865 00:50:40,637 --> 00:50:43,907 of Mohegan and Wampanoag tribes. 866 00:50:43,940 --> 00:50:47,978 Sometimes referred to as a transformer by folklorists. 867 00:50:48,011 --> 00:50:51,248 Moshup is strongly associated with whales. 868 00:50:51,281 --> 00:50:53,683 In most most tribal traditions, 869 00:50:53,717 --> 00:50:56,353 he would catch whales to fed the people. 870 00:50:56,386 --> 00:50:58,922 And in some stories, Moshup and his children 871 00:50:58,955 --> 00:51:03,527 eventually transform into whales themselves. 872 00:51:03,560 --> 00:51:05,929 Moshup has a wife named Squannit, 873 00:51:05,962 --> 00:51:10,467 who is a powerful medicine woman of the Little People. 874 00:51:10,500 --> 00:51:13,236 The Shampe is a malevolent, ogre-like monster 875 00:51:13,270 --> 00:51:15,205 of Chickasaw folklore. 876 00:51:15,238 --> 00:51:19,409 In some legends, he attempts to abduct Choctaw women. 877 00:51:19,443 --> 00:51:21,711 In others, he is a man-eater. 878 00:51:21,745 --> 00:51:24,347 He is sometimes described as a giant 879 00:51:24,381 --> 00:51:26,850 and other times as a large hairy man, 880 00:51:26,883 --> 00:51:29,286 leading some people to associate him 881 00:51:29,319 --> 00:51:31,555 with the Bigfoot legends as well. 882 00:51:31,588 --> 00:51:34,424 His most salient feature is his smell, 883 00:51:34,458 --> 00:51:37,694 Shampe smell is so overpowering 884 00:51:37,727 --> 00:51:40,530 that a person cannot be bear to be around him, 885 00:51:40,564 --> 00:51:43,600 making him difficult to fight. 886 00:51:45,635 --> 00:51:48,939 Stoneclad is a monster from Cherokee folklore. 887 00:51:48,972 --> 00:51:53,310 Details about Stoneclad vary from telling to telling. 888 00:51:53,343 --> 00:51:55,812 In some versions there is only one, 889 00:51:55,846 --> 00:51:59,783 while in other versions there is a whole race of Stoneclads. 890 00:51:59,816 --> 00:52:03,587 He is a stone-skinned giant like the Stonecoats 891 00:52:03,620 --> 00:52:05,722 of the northern Iroquois tribe. 892 00:52:05,755 --> 00:52:09,759 In all cases, he has rocklike plates of armor 893 00:52:09,793 --> 00:52:12,863 that protect him from fire, cold and weapons. 894 00:52:12,896 --> 00:52:16,266 He's defeated only through sapping his magical power 895 00:52:16,299 --> 00:52:19,069 by destroying his talismans. 896 00:52:41,358 --> 00:52:44,594 Of course many Native legends could simply be stories 897 00:52:44,628 --> 00:52:47,631 made up to keep children in line. 898 00:52:47,664 --> 00:52:49,466 But most historians will tell you 899 00:52:49,499 --> 00:52:53,737 that legends are usually rooted in some truth. 900 00:52:53,770 --> 00:52:56,239 Native Americans who encountered giants 901 00:52:56,273 --> 00:52:59,309 would create stories to pass the incidents down 902 00:52:59,342 --> 00:53:00,744 in oral tradition. 903 00:53:00,777 --> 00:53:03,446 With the discovery of so many giant skeletons 904 00:53:03,480 --> 00:53:05,615 unearthed in the United States, 905 00:53:05,649 --> 00:53:07,918 it would have been impossible for Native Americans 906 00:53:07,951 --> 00:53:11,721 to have never encountered them. 907 00:53:11,755 --> 00:53:14,724 There is strong evidence that Native American folklore 908 00:53:14,758 --> 00:53:17,360 about giants is true. 909 00:53:17,394 --> 00:53:19,563 Seven foot tall skeletons have been found 910 00:53:19,596 --> 00:53:22,365 in burial mounds of southeast towns 911 00:53:22,399 --> 00:53:26,736 that were home to the ancestors of the Creek Indians. 912 00:53:26,770 --> 00:53:29,639 As European settlers pushed across North America, 913 00:53:29,673 --> 00:53:32,409 newspapers printed stories about the discovery 914 00:53:32,442 --> 00:53:34,244 of giant skeletons. 915 00:53:34,277 --> 00:53:37,247 Some were described as being normal human beings, 916 00:53:37,280 --> 00:53:38,748 but very tall. 917 00:53:38,782 --> 00:53:42,886 Others had skulls with more primitive features. 918 00:53:42,919 --> 00:53:45,622 The most credible stories of giant skeletons 919 00:53:45,655 --> 00:53:48,325 were concentrated in the Appalachians, 920 00:53:48,358 --> 00:53:51,194 Cumberland Plateau and Ohio Basin. 921 00:53:51,227 --> 00:53:53,663 They were typically found in graves lined 922 00:53:53,697 --> 00:53:56,766 with stone slabs or field stones, known as the 923 00:53:56,800 --> 00:53:59,469 stone box grave culture. 924 00:53:59,502 --> 00:54:02,706 In 1821, seven foot tall skeletons 925 00:54:02,739 --> 00:54:05,475 in stone-lined sarcophagus were found 926 00:54:05,508 --> 00:54:08,845 in a White County, Tennessee burial area. 927 00:54:11,114 --> 00:54:14,718 Legends from Midwest tribes tell of lightly pigmented, 928 00:54:14,751 --> 00:54:17,754 yellow or red haired giants living around the 929 00:54:17,787 --> 00:54:20,056 Great Lakes or southern Canada. 930 00:54:20,090 --> 00:54:23,159 Occasionally these giants travelled south 931 00:54:23,193 --> 00:54:24,728 into their territories. 932 00:54:24,761 --> 00:54:26,863 While some encounters were benign, 933 00:54:26,896 --> 00:54:30,066 others resulted in warfare. 934 00:54:30,100 --> 00:54:32,002 The Cherokees claimed to have killed 935 00:54:32,035 --> 00:54:36,239 the last tall white Indians, while still living in Kentucky 936 00:54:36,272 --> 00:54:38,808 and West Virginia. 937 00:54:40,844 --> 00:54:43,913 Western pioneers sometimes found what they assumed 938 00:54:43,947 --> 00:54:46,616 were giant fossilized human skeletons 939 00:54:46,650 --> 00:54:49,052 along exposed banks and in caves. 940 00:54:49,085 --> 00:54:51,521 They described these skeletons as much thicker 941 00:54:51,554 --> 00:54:53,056 than modern humans. 942 00:54:53,089 --> 00:54:56,860 Some claim the skulls had double rows of teeth. 943 00:54:56,893 --> 00:54:59,963 Several western tribes tell of past confrontations 944 00:54:59,996 --> 00:55:01,931 with lightly pigmented giants 945 00:55:01,965 --> 00:55:04,801 with either blonde or red hair. 946 00:55:04,834 --> 00:55:07,404 The Paiutes claim that the giants were cannibals, 947 00:55:07,437 --> 00:55:09,572 who hunted Paiutes for food. 948 00:55:09,606 --> 00:55:11,708 They repeatedly attacked the giants 949 00:55:11,741 --> 00:55:13,910 until their numbers dwindled. 950 00:55:13,943 --> 00:55:16,913 The surviving giants were cornered in a cave, 951 00:55:16,946 --> 00:55:19,449 then either shot with arrows or asphyxiated. 952 00:55:19,482 --> 00:55:22,452 by setting a fire at the entrance. 953 00:55:31,227 --> 00:55:35,065 In 1754, George Washington was colonel 954 00:55:35,098 --> 00:55:38,001 of the Virginia Colonial militia. 955 00:55:38,034 --> 00:55:40,937 When hostilities broke out with France, 956 00:55:40,970 --> 00:55:44,240 he supervised construction of Fort Loudon 957 00:55:44,274 --> 00:55:46,710 in Winchester, Virginia. 958 00:55:46,743 --> 00:55:48,912 Laborers digging the fort's foundation 959 00:55:48,945 --> 00:55:52,716 uncovered a cemetery of seven foot skeletons 960 00:55:52,749 --> 00:55:56,252 and what appeared to be Native American artifacts. 961 00:55:56,286 --> 00:56:00,290 The skeletons were viewed and reported by Washington. 962 00:56:00,323 --> 00:56:03,326 It is not known what happened to them. 963 00:56:03,359 --> 00:56:06,096 This discovery gives credibility to reports 964 00:56:06,129 --> 00:56:09,899 of seven foot tall skeletons discovered in West Virginia, 965 00:56:09,933 --> 00:56:14,437 Kentucky, southern Ohio and southern Indiana. 966 00:56:17,874 --> 00:56:21,745 Thousands of years ago, giants roamed the west. 967 00:56:21,778 --> 00:56:23,780 Their crude camps and ferocious ways 968 00:56:23,813 --> 00:56:26,583 terrorized the early native settlers 969 00:56:26,616 --> 00:56:28,718 that had wandered across the land bridge 970 00:56:28,752 --> 00:56:30,720 into the North American continent 971 00:56:30,754 --> 00:56:32,856 and traveled south and westward 972 00:56:32,889 --> 00:56:36,860 into what later became the west and great southwest 973 00:56:36,893 --> 00:56:39,028 of the United States. 974 00:56:39,062 --> 00:56:41,998 Tribes still speak of these ancient days 975 00:56:42,031 --> 00:56:45,268 when their ancestors fought desperate battles 976 00:56:45,301 --> 00:56:47,804 against the marauding, loping giants, 977 00:56:47,837 --> 00:56:50,406 some towering 12 feet tall or taller, 978 00:56:50,440 --> 00:56:54,144 that roamed the land viciously attacking settlements, 979 00:56:54,177 --> 00:56:56,446 brutally carrying off screaming women 980 00:56:56,479 --> 00:56:59,549 and wailing children for food. 981 00:57:26,743 --> 00:57:29,813 Of all of the Indian mounds that exist today, 982 00:57:29,846 --> 00:57:32,949 most have barely been investigated. 983 00:57:32,982 --> 00:57:36,286 The few gigantic skeletons found in some, 984 00:57:36,319 --> 00:57:40,590 have been dismissed or suppressed as aberrations. 985 00:57:40,623 --> 00:57:45,295 Ten and 12 foot humans do not fit dogmatic theories. 986 00:57:45,328 --> 00:57:47,931 Usually when giant skeletons are found 987 00:57:47,964 --> 00:57:49,999 they're laughed off as hoaxes. 988 00:57:50,033 --> 00:57:53,837 Unfortunately, orthodox science has too much to lose 989 00:57:53,870 --> 00:57:57,674 by investigating the mounds thoroughly. 990 00:57:57,707 --> 00:58:02,145 Archaeologists cannot deny that the Mound Builders are real. 991 00:58:02,178 --> 00:58:03,813 What they deny are the things 992 00:58:03,847 --> 00:58:07,050 sometimes discovered inside the mounds. 993 00:58:07,083 --> 00:58:09,219 Over the past century and a half, 994 00:58:09,252 --> 00:58:12,021 it's been revealed again and again 995 00:58:12,055 --> 00:58:15,325 that some of the mounds, and the small pyramids, 996 00:58:15,358 --> 00:58:18,061 are the burial grounds of huge men 997 00:58:18,094 --> 00:58:20,263 often eight feet or taller, 998 00:58:20,296 --> 00:58:24,734 that had a very sophisticated culture. 999 00:58:24,767 --> 00:58:26,669 Some of the giants have been found wearing 1000 00:58:26,703 --> 00:58:30,907 intricate leather armor and have been buried with swords. 1001 00:58:30,940 --> 00:58:34,510 One such giant was found near Spiro Mound 1002 00:58:34,544 --> 00:58:38,014 in Oklahoma during the 1930s. 1003 00:58:48,224 --> 00:58:49,959 Who were these mysterious people 1004 00:58:49,993 --> 00:58:53,029 that roamed America long before the wooly mammoths 1005 00:58:53,062 --> 00:58:55,331 became extinct? 1006 00:58:55,365 --> 00:58:58,801 Were they are ancestors or another race of giant humans 1007 00:58:58,835 --> 00:59:03,439 from a civilization that predates our own? 1008 00:59:03,473 --> 00:59:07,110 From the time settlers first set foot on American soil, 1009 00:59:07,143 --> 00:59:11,214 we have been finding evidence of giants. 1010 00:59:11,247 --> 00:59:13,483 Most of this evidence has been destroyed 1011 00:59:13,516 --> 00:59:16,853 or sequestered away, in order to either hide the truth 1012 00:59:16,886 --> 00:59:19,889 or make it difficult to quantify artifacts 1013 00:59:19,923 --> 00:59:22,458 and harder to study. 1014 00:59:23,793 --> 00:59:26,529 There does appear to be a conspiracy 1015 00:59:26,562 --> 00:59:28,398 to shelter evidence of giants, 1016 00:59:28,431 --> 00:59:32,068 and it has been going on since science has been aware 1017 00:59:32,101 --> 00:59:37,173 of the bones and materials associated with these anomalies. 1018 00:59:37,206 --> 00:59:40,977 Our whole history would change if all the evidence 1019 00:59:41,010 --> 00:59:43,880 of giants could be revealed. 1020 00:59:43,913 --> 00:59:46,349 Perhaps our civilization is not yet ready 1021 00:59:46,382 --> 00:59:49,485 to accept the existence of those lofty beings 1022 00:59:49,519 --> 00:59:52,655 that roamed the Earth centuries ago. 1023 00:59:52,689 --> 00:59:57,560 Or perhaps others have made that decision for us. 1024 00:59:57,593 --> 00:59:59,829 And we are left with only scant remnants 1025 00:59:59,862 --> 01:00:03,333 of a civilization larger than life. 1026 01:00:04,567 --> 01:00:09,372 Eventually more evidence and artifacts will be discovered. 1027 01:00:09,405 --> 01:00:12,742 Perhaps then we'll have a more complete picture 1028 01:00:12,775 --> 01:00:15,945 of our gigantic history. 1029 01:01:23,312 --> 01:01:26,082 - Reality Films.