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NARRATOR: Kasanka National
Park in Zambia

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is a jewel in Africa’s crown.

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It’s home to a very special
species of baboon,

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newly discovered and
little known.

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Meet Madonna.

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She’s a Kinda baboon,

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and the first female
of her kind

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ever to be studied
from birth.

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Madonna may just hold
the key

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to understanding the Kindas’
intimate friendships.

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The male-female relationships 
are stronger than

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the female-female
relationships,

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which is absolutely
something

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I did not think 
I would discover.

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NARRATOR:  Behind these
unusual alliances

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lies a mating game
like no other.

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It’s a world of intimacy,

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love triangles,
and dangerous liaisons.

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Where the choices
Madonna makes

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may reveal the mysteries
of these unique primates.

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(THEME MUSIC PLAYING)

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NARRATOR:  Madonna is
five and a half years old.

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She’s high-ranking

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and headstrong,
but she has yet to reproduce.

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The quest for her first mate
is allowing scientists

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to observe the fascinating
relationships

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that develop between
Kinda females and males.

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Those relationships
hold the secrets

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of their unique
mating strategy.

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Through the summer,

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Madonna came into season for
the first time in her life,

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and was trying to attract
the attention

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of the males in the troop.

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MARLEY:  She’s showing him
the swelling.

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It’s a signal. She’s trying
to attract him.

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NARRATOR:  Following displays
of her sexual swelling,

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it seemed that
Madonna had settled on

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the second highest-ranking,

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or beta male, Simon.

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But now, as she approaches
the peak of her fertility,

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she’s opening up
the competition.

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Primatologist Anna Weyher,

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her second-in-command,
Rachel Sassoon,

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and Zambian scouts
Marley and Kennedy,

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are the pioneers
in this Kinda research.

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(SCREECHING)

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Baboons have a
reputation for violence,

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aggression
and bad tempers.

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But no one told this lot.

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(BABOONS CHATTERING)

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Up until a few years ago,

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these Kinda baboons
were believed to be

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a sub-species
of yellow baboons.

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But following genetic testing,
it’s been discovered

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that they’re a completely
different species.

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And it’s not just their DNA
that sets them apart.

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They demonstrate
unique behavior,

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social organization
and mating strategies.

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For the last six years,
the team has been detailing

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the most intimate moments
of these monkeys.

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It seems now after studying
them, that it’s crazy

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that they could have ever
thought to be yellow baboons.

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They just have a different
way of doing things

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that works for them,

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that still continues
to grow the group,

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that keeps everyone
in their place,

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allows them to feed, travel,

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reproduce,
all of those things,

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but in a different way.

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NARRATOR:  Anna is hoping

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that further observations
of Madonna and the troop

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will disclose more
about the Kindas’

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unusual mating strategy.

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The team will follow them

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from the dry heat
of the winter

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into the stormy spring
of the wet season.

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(THUNDER RUMBLING)

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Kasanka lies just 18 miles
from the rich tropical forest

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of the Democratic Republic
of Congo.

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It’s home to a
variety of swamps,

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forests and grassland plains,

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which are transformed

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by rain into
a verdant paradise.

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Kasanka is the destination

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for one of the largest
migrations on Earth.

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Ten million straw-colored
fruit bats come here to feast

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on the abundance
of forest fruit.

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But for Madonna and the troop
of Kinda baboons,

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it’s not just the environment
that’s changed.

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Two weeks ago,

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two new adult males arrived
from a neighboring troop,

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and Madonna, who’s still
to settle on a mate,

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appears to be interested
in the new males.

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The team has christened
the males Alfie and Leonard.

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Alfie is much more shy
than Leonard.

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Leonard is more integrated
into the troop.

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NARRATOR:  While Alfie
remains on the fringe,

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Leonard displays confidence

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and is showing interest
in some of the females.

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Madonna has recently
reached adulthood,

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and is ready
to have her first infant.

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But whom will she choose
to be the father?

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Will it be caring Simon,
the beta male?

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Newly-arrived Leonard,

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with ambitions
to increase his status?

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Or shy and retiring Alfie?

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For the researchers, it’s
an incredible opportunity

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to discover the nuances

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of male-female relationships
as they develop.

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It’s 5:00 a.m.

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These Kindas rise early,
and so do the researchers.

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The humans start
with a cup of tea.

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It sets me off for the day.
Two is best but one is enough.

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As long as I’ve got one,
I’m fine,

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but I must have one.

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NARRATOR:  The Kindas have been
awake since before dawn.

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Last night they chose to roost

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in the swampy Mushitu forest
close to camp.

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With the waterberry trees
fruiting,

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they’re having
breakfast in bed.

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These berries are full
of vitamins,

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and Anna has discovered

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they’re a staple of
the Kinda’s wet season diet.

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Madonna and the troop
are tucking in.

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There is a lot of food
stuff they feed in Kasanka.

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They like the waterberries
because they are sweet.

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NARRATOR:  The baboons

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can’t get enough
of these tiny fruits,

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storing them
in their cheek pouches,

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to be eaten on the move.

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ANNA:  She’s stuffing her face.

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MARLEY: Her cheek pouches,
yeah, are full.

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She’s enjoying them.
(ANNA LAUGHING)

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NARRATOR:  The rains give rise
to an abundance of fruit,

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and it makes the Kindas choosy.

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They’ll only select
the very ripest berries.

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In their pursuit
of perfection,

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these baboons
are constantly on the go.

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A couple of plump masuku,

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with their spicy orange flesh,
and it’s on to the next.

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The researchers
note down the details

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of the feeding habits.

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It will help build
up a picture

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of the baboons’
yearly diet.

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But what they’re most
intrigued about right now

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is what Madonna
can teach them

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about male-female
Kinda relationships.

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Madonna is being shadowed.

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The second-ranking male,
Simon,

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isn’t letting her
out of his sights.

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Simon has shown
interest in Madonna

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since she became
sexually mature

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and seems intent
on mating with her.

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ANNA:  Madonna has gotten up,

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so Simon has to get up
too and follow her.

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He’s having to stay
very close.

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NARRATOR:  Anna has learnt

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that this maintaining
of close proximity

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is one of the Kinda’s
fundamental mating strategies.

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The behavior may be subtle,

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compared to other baboons,
but in Kinda society

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this spatial awareness

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is a clear signal
there’s sexual interest.

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Simon is also
sending a message

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to the other males

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that Madonna
is earmarked for him,

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and right now this is
more important than ever.

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Since the arrival
of the new males,

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Leonard and Alfie,

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there’s been
an interesting reaction.

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Simon, he’s just chasing
Madonna around

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because she now has
even that many more males

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to kind of shop around with,

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and so he’s just constantly
focusing on her.

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NARRATOR:  If Simon can
secure Madonna for himself,

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she will be his seventh female

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and help him to maintain
his standing as beta male.

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Alpha male Garfunkel is also
displaying specific behavior

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as a result of having
two new males in the troop.

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ANNA:  Garfunkel seems
a little stressed by it.

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He’s very much guarding

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the females that he needs
to guard right now,

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and he’s keeping on them.

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Two of Garfunkel’s females

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have large
posterior swellings,

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indicating that they’re
at their most fertile.

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Garfunkel has his hands full,

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trying to both guard
and mate at the same time.

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But multi-task he must,

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because Leonard,
the new confident male,

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is proving quite
the Lothario.

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Leonard is trying
to form friendships

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with some of the females.

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They may not be in season now,

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but Leonard’s ensuring
that he’s in the running

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when they are.

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The other new male, Alfie,

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is adopting a rather
different mating strategy.

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He’s playing the long game

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and waiting for females
to come to him.

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At the moment,
it’s not working.

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RACHEL:  Look at Leonard,
he’s getting in there.

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Because Alfie is new,

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he’s actually behaving
as most new males do,

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he’s staying at the back,
he’s staying on the periphery,

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he won’t initiate
any interaction

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with any females.

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Leonard is, erm...

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That’s not how
they behave usually.

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He’s maybe a little
too confident,

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and at some point,
Simon and Garfunkel,

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they will put him
in his place.

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NARRATOR:  Madonna
instinctively knows

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that new males

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means an influx
of new genetics,

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which is essential
for the troop’s health.

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Out of Simon’s sight,

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she’s been having brief
encounters with Leonard.

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But when they start
to make their intentions

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clear in public,

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Simon is having none of it.

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These peaceful primates have
accepted Leonard and Alfie,

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but in other baboon species,

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the arrival of
a new male or two

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would be far from passive.

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(SCREECHING)

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ANNA:  In yellow baboons,

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a young male will immigrate
into a group.

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He’s young, he’s strong,

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he’s going to try
to rise at the top of

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the dominance hierarchy,

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so there’s a lot of fighting
when they first come in,

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you know, a lot of
aggression between males,

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cos males don’t want that.

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And what we’ve seen
with the Kindas

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is every time
a new male comes in,

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he starts at the bottom
of the hierarchy,

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we have not seen
one male come in

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who has taken over
a high-ranking status.

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NARRATOR:  The way the Kindas

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organize their hierarchy
allows the alpha

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to maintain his position
for several years.

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He’ll also stay faithful
to a small group of females,

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a trait only found
in Kinda baboons.

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It’s early afternoon.
Family time.

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(CHATTERING)

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Since Anna started
the study here in 2010,

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there have been
many newborns in the troop.

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(CHATTERING)

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The 6-month-olds
are now masters of climbing.

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00:16:06,466 --> 00:16:09,502
But three months ago,
they were much less dextrous.

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00:16:32,725 --> 00:16:37,063
Baboons start to gain locomotion
skills at one month old.

253
00:16:38,464 --> 00:16:39,432
By six months,

254
00:16:39,465 --> 00:16:42,702
they’re adept at a whole
manner of acrobatics.

255
00:16:50,843 --> 00:16:54,013
It’s changing so fast, yeah.
Yeah.

256
00:16:54,714 --> 00:16:56,449
They grow up too fast.

257
00:16:56,482 --> 00:16:58,184
ANNA:  See his head?

258
00:16:58,217 --> 00:17:00,653
MARLEY:  Yeah, you see
the head. He’s peeping.

259
00:17:00,686 --> 00:17:03,422
He’s totally brown now.

260
00:17:08,794 --> 00:17:10,362
Now he’s riding
jockey-style.

261
00:17:10,396 --> 00:17:11,330
Yeah.

262
00:17:11,364 --> 00:17:12,765
ANNA:  OK. Well, yeah.

263
00:17:12,798 --> 00:17:15,234
ANNA:  Learned a lot, huh?
MARLEY:  Yeah.

264
00:17:15,268 --> 00:17:17,203
MARLEY:  Yeah,
he likes dorsal.

265
00:17:18,104 --> 00:17:19,606
ANNA: Not all of
them always learn

266
00:17:19,639 --> 00:17:21,141
to ride like that,
do they?

267
00:17:21,173 --> 00:17:22,174
MARLEY:  Uh, no.

268
00:17:22,208 --> 00:17:24,977
ANNA:  Kind of sitting back
on Mom, but, like, up.

269
00:17:29,048 --> 00:17:30,349
NARRATOR:  For the first
six weeks,

270
00:17:30,383 --> 00:17:32,452
all infants
are carried ventral,

271
00:17:32,485 --> 00:17:35,154
holding on under their
mothers’ bellies.

272
00:17:36,622 --> 00:17:38,791
After that, the more
adventurous

273
00:17:38,824 --> 00:17:40,392
climb up their
mothers’ legs

274
00:17:40,426 --> 00:17:42,428
to travel in the
dorsal position.

275
00:17:43,629 --> 00:17:45,464
And if they’re
really confident,

276
00:17:45,498 --> 00:17:47,533
they’ll sit up like a jockey.

277
00:17:52,505 --> 00:17:54,207
The youngest
member of the troop,

278
00:17:54,240 --> 00:17:55,708
born just two months ago,

279
00:17:55,741 --> 00:17:57,776
is already exploring the world

280
00:17:57,810 --> 00:18:00,646
from this advantageous
vantage point.

281
00:18:06,152 --> 00:18:08,988
(SCREECHING AND CHATTERING)

282
00:18:24,670 --> 00:18:26,372
As evening approaches,

283
00:18:26,405 --> 00:18:29,575
the Kindas make their way
into the researchers’ camp,

284
00:18:29,609 --> 00:18:32,312
which lies in the middle
of their home range.

285
00:18:33,079 --> 00:18:34,414
I can see some here

286
00:18:34,447 --> 00:18:37,483
traveling across
straight in front of me.

287
00:18:40,453 --> 00:18:44,290
ANNA:  So this year in August
we actually had a fire here.

288
00:18:44,757 --> 00:18:48,494
And because of that,
there’s lots of fresh grass,

289
00:18:48,527 --> 00:18:50,195
so they’re picking up
the fresh grass.

290
00:18:50,229 --> 00:18:52,264
There’s some roots to dig,

291
00:18:52,298 --> 00:18:55,568
so it’s quite... It’s quite
a lush place at the moment

292
00:18:55,601 --> 00:18:57,069
for them to come.

293
00:19:00,006 --> 00:19:01,608
There’s termite mounds

294
00:19:01,641 --> 00:19:04,544
that they’re pulling off
to get the termites.

295
00:19:05,711 --> 00:19:07,713
NARRATOR:  Termites
are one of the baboons’

296
00:19:07,747 --> 00:19:09,415
favorite feasts.

297
00:19:09,448 --> 00:19:11,650
They’re packed
with protein and fat.

298
00:19:12,585 --> 00:19:14,687
But despite
their best efforts,

299
00:19:14,720 --> 00:19:16,956
there are none here today.

300
00:19:21,260 --> 00:19:24,230
Madonna and the troop
eat as much as they can

301
00:19:24,263 --> 00:19:26,565
in this wet season
time of plenty,

302
00:19:27,400 --> 00:19:30,670
gorging on a mixed diet
of flora and insects.

303
00:19:33,506 --> 00:19:37,243
As usual,
Alfie is dining alone.

304
00:19:41,580 --> 00:19:45,584
But Lothario Leonard
is continuing to make alliances

305
00:19:45,618 --> 00:19:47,286
with a couple of females.

306
00:19:57,730 --> 00:20:00,366
Some of Leonard’s efforts
have been quite vocal,

307
00:20:00,666 --> 00:20:04,003
and Marley has been inspired
to learn the lingo.

308
00:20:06,539 --> 00:20:11,444
Males they do, like
(GRUNTING) after mating,

309
00:20:12,244 --> 00:20:14,613
so they make a sexual grunt.

310
00:20:15,781 --> 00:20:17,416
(GRUNTING)

311
00:20:19,652 --> 00:20:22,188
For females,
sometimes they make

312
00:20:22,221 --> 00:20:24,190
a strange sound after mating.

313
00:20:24,223 --> 00:20:28,260
Like... (CACKLING)
Yeah, something like that.

314
00:20:28,627 --> 00:20:32,197
Yeah, so, I’m learning baboon.

315
00:20:33,866 --> 00:20:36,635
NARRATOR:  Madonna shows
interest in Leonard,

316
00:20:36,669 --> 00:20:37,670
and more than ever,

317
00:20:37,703 --> 00:20:41,540
Simon is keeping her
under close surveillance.

318
00:20:41,574 --> 00:20:43,309
(THUNDER RUMBLING)

319
00:20:53,719 --> 00:20:54,753
(SCREECHING)

320
00:20:59,492 --> 00:21:01,494
ANNA:  So, I can
hear thunder coming.

321
00:21:01,527 --> 00:21:04,497
Almost every afternoon
we get a rainstorm,

322
00:21:04,530 --> 00:21:07,600
and that can affect
the baboons’ behavior,

323
00:21:07,633 --> 00:21:12,505
but also our ability
to find and watch the baboons.

324
00:21:13,372 --> 00:21:17,376
They won’t likely move far
before they decide to sleep,

325
00:21:17,710 --> 00:21:20,246
so they could sleep
just very close to us.

326
00:21:25,284 --> 00:21:26,652
(SCREECHING)

327
00:21:41,300 --> 00:21:42,768
NARRATOR: As the baboons
head off to

328
00:21:42,802 --> 00:21:45,138
find a roosting place,

329
00:21:45,171 --> 00:21:47,840
Kasanka’s migrant
straw-colored bats

330
00:21:47,873 --> 00:21:49,341
are starting to stir.

331
00:21:49,375 --> 00:21:51,244
(BATS SCREECHING)

332
00:21:53,112 --> 00:21:56,582
The baboons and the bats
share the same taste in fruit.

333
00:21:58,784 --> 00:22:02,087
These winged mammals
will travel up to 40 miles,

334
00:22:02,121 --> 00:22:06,025
feeding on the ripest
waterberries and masuku.

335
00:22:26,378 --> 00:22:29,615
They’ll consume half their
body weight in fruit

336
00:22:29,648 --> 00:22:30,649
before returning

337
00:22:30,683 --> 00:22:33,586
to the Mushitu forest
at dawn.

338
00:22:35,521 --> 00:22:37,289
(THUNDER RUMBLING)

339
00:22:48,701 --> 00:22:50,770
(RAIN FALLING)

340
00:23:02,114 --> 00:23:05,451
The rainy season
is now in full swing,

341
00:23:05,484 --> 00:23:08,487
which makes life difficult
for Anna and her team.

342
00:23:09,755 --> 00:23:11,590
They’re probably all
sitting in khaya,

343
00:23:11,624 --> 00:23:13,292
huddled up in the rain.

344
00:23:13,325 --> 00:23:15,027
NARRATOR:  Sometimes
it’s just not possible

345
00:23:15,060 --> 00:23:17,095
to follow the baboons.

346
00:23:17,596 --> 00:23:20,132
Instead, they can
catch up on inputting

347
00:23:20,165 --> 00:23:21,700
the scientific data,

348
00:23:21,734 --> 00:23:24,704
building up a biological
picture of these Kindas,

349
00:23:25,404 --> 00:23:27,806
their diet,
their patterns of behavior

350
00:23:27,840 --> 00:23:31,143
and the development of the
female-male relationships.

351
00:23:44,757 --> 00:23:47,159
As the rain clears once again,

352
00:23:47,192 --> 00:23:51,096
the team is back in pursuit
of Madonna and the troop.

353
00:23:53,532 --> 00:23:55,667
We’re going out
to look for the baboons,

354
00:23:55,701 --> 00:23:57,236
we lost them
yesterday afternoon,

355
00:23:57,269 --> 00:23:59,738
so we’ve lost them
for about 24 hours.

356
00:23:59,772 --> 00:24:01,607
And we had a big
rain in between,

357
00:24:01,640 --> 00:24:04,076
so we think they
got stuck somewhere.

358
00:24:04,109 --> 00:24:05,043
So what we’ll be doing

359
00:24:05,077 --> 00:24:07,446
is looking for prints
on the road, mostly,

360
00:24:07,479 --> 00:24:08,647
to see if they’ve
crossed over

361
00:24:08,681 --> 00:24:10,082
one way or the other.

362
00:24:10,115 --> 00:24:12,751
And also feeding signs
and things like that.

363
00:24:18,290 --> 00:24:20,092
NARRATOR:  The Kindas
could be anywhere

364
00:24:20,125 --> 00:24:23,028
in their 9-square-mile range.

365
00:24:28,400 --> 00:24:30,602
Sometimes we don’t find them,

366
00:24:32,571 --> 00:24:35,107
what we normally do
is go for the food

367
00:24:35,140 --> 00:24:37,242
at that particular time
they are feeding.

368
00:24:38,143 --> 00:24:39,344
They wouldn’t have
gone in the Mushito

369
00:24:39,378 --> 00:24:40,446
cos it would be wet, right?

370
00:24:40,479 --> 00:24:43,315
But they would go
into the plain?

371
00:24:43,349 --> 00:24:45,151
NARRATOR: Anna is
always concerned

372
00:24:45,184 --> 00:24:47,219
when they lose
track of the Kindas.

373
00:24:48,087 --> 00:24:51,424
Poaching activity in Kasanka,
although illegal,

374
00:24:51,457 --> 00:24:53,492
is still prevalent.

375
00:24:53,525 --> 00:24:57,029
Baboons are popular bush meat
in nearby villages.

376
00:24:57,796 --> 00:24:59,598
Back in the dry season,

377
00:24:59,631 --> 00:25:02,167
when the park was more
easily accessible,

378
00:25:02,201 --> 00:25:05,137
the team regularly
stumbled across the evidence

379
00:25:05,170 --> 00:25:07,205
of this illicit activity.

380
00:25:08,073 --> 00:25:11,743
Up until the late 1980s,
poaching was so rife here

381
00:25:11,777 --> 00:25:14,546
that a new management strategy
was adopted,

382
00:25:14,580 --> 00:25:17,450
as an emergency measure
to save the wildlife.

383
00:25:17,649 --> 00:25:18,683
(GAGS)

384
00:25:19,551 --> 00:25:21,453
MARLEY: I think it was shot.

385
00:25:24,356 --> 00:25:27,059
NARRATOR:  Working in the park
is a dangerous business.

386
00:25:27,326 --> 00:25:30,729
Both Kennedy and Marley
are armed at all times.

387
00:25:32,498 --> 00:25:34,233
ANNA: There’s a lot
of poaching activity

388
00:25:34,266 --> 00:25:35,167
in Kasanka,

389
00:25:35,200 --> 00:25:37,269
and we come across lots
of evidence of it,

390
00:25:37,302 --> 00:25:40,338
erm, by snares,
poaching camps,

391
00:25:40,839 --> 00:25:42,307
hearing gun shots,

392
00:25:42,341 --> 00:25:44,443
even running into
poachers sometimes.

393
00:25:44,476 --> 00:25:50,015
It’s devastating. (STAMMERS)
It breaks my heart, it’s hard.

394
00:25:54,586 --> 00:25:57,122
NARRATOR:  Finding clues
that the baboons are OK

395
00:25:57,156 --> 00:25:59,191
is always a relief.

396
00:26:00,225 --> 00:26:02,260
This looks wet.

397
00:26:04,430 --> 00:26:07,700
Looks like after
the rains this morning.

398
00:26:07,733 --> 00:26:10,069
ANNA: OK, so it’s still fresh.

399
00:26:14,206 --> 00:26:17,042
NARRATOR:  Like detectives,
Marley and Kennedy

400
00:26:17,076 --> 00:26:18,544
follow the tracks
and signs

401
00:26:18,577 --> 00:26:21,780
through the forest,
out onto the grassland plain,

402
00:26:21,814 --> 00:26:24,216
where they eventually
spot some Kindas.

403
00:26:29,788 --> 00:26:31,390
(BABOONS CHATTERING)

404
00:26:33,792 --> 00:26:35,527
NARRATOR:
There’s no sign of Madonna,

405
00:26:35,561 --> 00:26:37,663
but two juvenile males

406
00:26:37,696 --> 00:26:40,199
are burning off
some adolescent energy.

407
00:26:43,702 --> 00:26:45,370
(SCREECHING)

408
00:26:54,680 --> 00:26:56,382
But they were born
in the same year, yeah?

409
00:26:56,415 --> 00:26:57,516
Yes.

410
00:26:57,549 --> 00:26:59,651
So they know each other well,
they’re good friends.

411
00:26:59,685 --> 00:27:02,254
MARLEY: Yeah, friends, yeah.

412
00:27:02,287 --> 00:27:04,089
NARRATOR: These spirited
males have

413
00:27:04,123 --> 00:27:07,259
grown up together and have
become experts at the game

414
00:27:07,292 --> 00:27:09,060
"rough and tumble."

415
00:27:09,094 --> 00:27:11,630
But their friendship
won’t stay like this forever.

416
00:27:15,234 --> 00:27:17,536
Unlike females,
who stay with the troop

417
00:27:17,569 --> 00:27:18,437
all their lives,

418
00:27:18,470 --> 00:27:20,605
males leave after puberty.

419
00:27:22,241 --> 00:27:25,544
Sexual maturity between
the age of six and nine

420
00:27:25,577 --> 00:27:28,080
will eventually spur them
to venture off

421
00:27:28,113 --> 00:27:30,148
in search of mates.

422
00:27:32,317 --> 00:27:34,286
Just like Leonard and Alfie,

423
00:27:34,686 --> 00:27:37,422
they’ll enter a troop
as low-ranking males

424
00:27:37,456 --> 00:27:39,491
and work their way up.

425
00:27:41,093 --> 00:27:43,529
But for now,
life is pretty simple.

426
00:27:44,163 --> 00:27:46,499
It’s just one big playground.

427
00:27:49,368 --> 00:27:51,770
MARLEY: I think they had a lot
energy food...

428
00:27:51,803 --> 00:27:52,604
ANNA: Yeah.

429
00:27:52,638 --> 00:27:56,108
Like masuku,
the waterberries and...

430
00:27:56,141 --> 00:27:56,675
Insects.

431
00:27:56,708 --> 00:27:58,210
Insects. Yeah.

432
00:28:01,146 --> 00:28:02,581
(SCREECHING)

433
00:28:05,717 --> 00:28:08,220
NARRATOR:  The juveniles
lead the research team

434
00:28:08,253 --> 00:28:10,288
to the woodland.

435
00:28:14,193 --> 00:28:17,063
Madonna and the rest
of the troop are safe

436
00:28:17,095 --> 00:28:19,331
and enjoying
a spot of fine dining.

437
00:28:32,544 --> 00:28:35,247
In the wet season,
the abundance of food

438
00:28:35,280 --> 00:28:36,414
allows the Kindas

439
00:28:36,448 --> 00:28:38,483
to spend more time
being social.

440
00:28:41,653 --> 00:28:44,089
Grooming is a daily pastime,

441
00:28:44,122 --> 00:28:47,325
and Simon is giving Madonna
some special attention.

442
00:28:50,562 --> 00:28:53,298
RACHEL: So, I write down
any kind of interaction

443
00:28:53,332 --> 00:28:54,466
that we see throughout
the day and

444
00:28:54,499 --> 00:28:56,067
the reason why we do that

445
00:28:56,101 --> 00:28:57,803
is because it can
give us an idea

446
00:28:57,836 --> 00:28:59,738
of who’s interacting
with who,

447
00:28:59,771 --> 00:29:01,706
and the kind of relationships
they have.

448
00:29:02,574 --> 00:29:04,009
Most of the time
the relationships

449
00:29:04,042 --> 00:29:06,278
are between related
individuals,

450
00:29:06,311 --> 00:29:07,679
like brothers and sisters,

451
00:29:07,713 --> 00:29:11,650
and mothers and infants,
their juveniles.

452
00:29:11,683 --> 00:29:14,452
It’s interesting to see
if these relationships occur

453
00:29:14,486 --> 00:29:16,221
every day
or how often they occur.

454
00:29:18,557 --> 00:29:20,192
NARRATOR:
Typically in primates,

455
00:29:20,225 --> 00:29:22,594
same-sex individuals
use grooming

456
00:29:22,628 --> 00:29:25,664
to solidify bonds
and affirm hierarchies.

457
00:29:28,066 --> 00:29:28,967
But here,

458
00:29:29,001 --> 00:29:31,103
it’s the relationships
between the males

459
00:29:31,136 --> 00:29:34,172
and females that are
proving so fascinating.

460
00:29:36,174 --> 00:29:39,477
Anna has been watching
Madonna and Simon closely.

461
00:29:40,445 --> 00:29:42,013
ANNA:  The males
and the females,

462
00:29:42,047 --> 00:29:43,749
they form strong,
strong bonds.

463
00:29:43,782 --> 00:29:45,651
In other baboons,
we see females

464
00:29:45,684 --> 00:29:48,487
are the most closely bonded.

465
00:29:48,520 --> 00:29:51,423
Here we see, actually,
the male-female relationships

466
00:29:51,456 --> 00:29:53,692
are stronger than
the female-female relationships,

467
00:29:53,725 --> 00:29:56,228
which is absolutely something

468
00:29:56,261 --> 00:29:58,296
I did not think 
I would discover.

469
00:30:00,599 --> 00:30:02,734
NARRATOR:  In some other
baboon species,

470
00:30:02,768 --> 00:30:05,271
the male only shows
interest in a female

471
00:30:05,304 --> 00:30:07,473
when she’s in season.

472
00:30:07,506 --> 00:30:10,642
But in Kindas, the male
is attentive year-round

473
00:30:11,109 --> 00:30:13,445
and is the initiator
and maintainer

474
00:30:13,478 --> 00:30:14,512
of the relationship.

475
00:30:17,115 --> 00:30:19,217
This behavior is at the heart

476
00:30:19,251 --> 00:30:22,287
of what sets the Kindas’
mating strategy apart.

477
00:30:24,856 --> 00:30:28,059
Simon has seven females
to attend to,

478
00:30:28,093 --> 00:30:30,762
but at the moment
he’s focusing on Madonna.

479
00:30:38,470 --> 00:30:41,740
With her hormones elevated,
and the close proximity

480
00:30:41,773 --> 00:30:44,242
of the two new males
hanging around,

481
00:30:44,276 --> 00:30:46,478
Madonna is rarely
sitting still,

482
00:30:52,417 --> 00:30:54,419
much to Simon’s frustration.

483
00:31:06,431 --> 00:31:09,234
Anna’s team is on
a constant learning curve

484
00:31:09,267 --> 00:31:10,335
with these Kindas,

485
00:31:10,369 --> 00:31:11,704
uncovering the secrets

486
00:31:11,737 --> 00:31:14,640
of this newly
identified species.

487
00:31:17,476 --> 00:31:20,112
It’s clear that Kindas
are unique,

488
00:31:20,145 --> 00:31:22,547
and Anna is keen
to protect these animals

489
00:31:22,581 --> 00:31:24,516
by working
with the local communities.

490
00:31:29,221 --> 00:31:32,224
(CHILDREN SINGING)

491
00:31:42,167 --> 00:31:44,736
Thank you so much
for coming to Kasanka today.

492
00:31:46,238 --> 00:31:47,272
NARRATOR:  Every week,

493
00:31:47,305 --> 00:31:50,108
local school children
are invited into the park,

494
00:31:50,142 --> 00:31:53,078
for some extracurricular
wildlife lessons.

495
00:31:53,111 --> 00:31:54,713
ANNA: We are the first
to study them,

496
00:31:54,746 --> 00:31:59,251
so we collect
information on the baboons.

497
00:31:59,284 --> 00:32:01,620
So here are some
baboons of ours.

498
00:32:02,354 --> 00:32:04,389
Each of them has
their own personality.

499
00:32:05,123 --> 00:32:06,257
ANNA: It’s really important

500
00:32:06,291 --> 00:32:08,293
that we give
the kids these lessons.

501
00:32:08,326 --> 00:32:10,395
Because it teaches
them about the animals

502
00:32:10,429 --> 00:32:12,731
that live so near to them.

503
00:32:12,764 --> 00:32:15,600
It gives them a chance
to see the animals

504
00:32:15,634 --> 00:32:17,669
that we’re asking them
to try and conserve.

505
00:32:19,438 --> 00:32:22,775
ANNA: So here are some
juveniles playing.

506
00:32:25,143 --> 00:32:26,444
(GIGGLING)

507
00:32:29,314 --> 00:32:30,682
ANNA:  What I hope to achieve

508
00:32:30,715 --> 00:32:34,052
by working with the
young children...

509
00:32:34,085 --> 00:32:35,687
You know, if they
can really see

510
00:32:35,720 --> 00:32:39,357
what the park
has to offer for them,

511
00:32:39,391 --> 00:32:45,330
hopefully we can have some
impact against the poaching.

512
00:32:47,098 --> 00:32:53,071
ANNA: The biggest way that
the monkeys die is leopards.

513
00:32:53,104 --> 00:32:56,174
Eagles for the small ones,

514
00:32:56,208 --> 00:32:59,545
but mostly from humans,
from poaching.

515
00:33:00,512 --> 00:33:03,548
Now you will go
explore Kasanka.

516
00:33:04,282 --> 00:33:06,651
Look out for the  kolwe.
Thank you so much.

517
00:33:08,320 --> 00:33:09,655
(CLAPPING)

518
00:33:16,161 --> 00:33:17,362
NARRATOR:  Anna hopes

519
00:33:17,395 --> 00:33:20,164
the children will take their
new knowledge about the Kindas

520
00:33:20,198 --> 00:33:22,400
and the threat they face
from humans,

521
00:33:22,434 --> 00:33:25,003
and spread the word back
in their communities.

522
00:33:34,246 --> 00:33:35,514
In the grasslands,

523
00:33:35,547 --> 00:33:38,583
Madonna and the troop
have struck gold.

524
00:33:39,751 --> 00:33:41,219
Termites.

525
00:33:43,288 --> 00:33:48,293
After the rains at night,
the termites fly out

526
00:33:48,326 --> 00:33:52,163
of their termite mounds

527
00:33:52,197 --> 00:33:54,066
to shed off their wings.

528
00:33:54,366 --> 00:33:57,135
They dig their holes
and hide themselves there,

529
00:33:57,602 --> 00:34:01,072
so baboons dig the holes
and eat them.

530
00:34:01,106 --> 00:34:04,276
They taste very nice,
like peanut butter,

531
00:34:04,309 --> 00:34:08,246
and they are protein
and they make them full

532
00:34:08,280 --> 00:34:11,250
more than any other food.

533
00:34:14,619 --> 00:34:16,254
(BIRDS SQUAWKING)

534
00:34:18,690 --> 00:34:19,791
NARRATOR:  As usual,

535
00:34:19,824 --> 00:34:23,061
Madonna is being
shadowed by Simon.

536
00:34:23,495 --> 00:34:26,465
By following these
male-female interactions,

537
00:34:26,498 --> 00:34:28,433
the team is starting
to understand

538
00:34:28,466 --> 00:34:31,402
the nuances of the Kindas’
mating strategies.

539
00:34:32,604 --> 00:34:35,540
How they use close proximity
to show interest

540
00:34:35,574 --> 00:34:37,743
and fend off competitors.

541
00:34:37,776 --> 00:34:39,111
And how the deep bonds

542
00:34:39,144 --> 00:34:42,047
they develop can
last for years.

543
00:34:51,189 --> 00:34:53,525
The team has also
uncovered another,

544
00:34:53,558 --> 00:34:56,461
softer side
of the male Kindas.

545
00:34:58,463 --> 00:35:00,799
RACHEL:
It’s lovely to see the males

546
00:35:00,832 --> 00:35:02,300
taking such an interest

547
00:35:02,334 --> 00:35:05,003
in infants that they believe
to be their own.

548
00:35:05,036 --> 00:35:08,072
Within other primate species,

549
00:35:08,106 --> 00:35:10,141
this is practically
unheard of.

550
00:35:10,175 --> 00:35:13,712
Other baboon species do it,
but Kindas... It’s very high,

551
00:35:13,745 --> 00:35:17,649
a lot of paternal care
and interest in their babies

552
00:35:17,682 --> 00:35:19,017
and a lot of interaction,

553
00:35:19,050 --> 00:35:22,687
touching and carrying,
and vocalizations.

554
00:35:22,721 --> 00:35:24,423
It’s lovely to watch.

555
00:35:25,724 --> 00:35:26,558
NARRATOR: The team believes

556
00:35:26,591 --> 00:35:28,793
that a display
of good fathering skills

557
00:35:28,827 --> 00:35:30,662
is attractive to the females.

558
00:35:35,400 --> 00:35:39,471
Simon does display
very specific Kinda behaviors

559
00:35:39,504 --> 00:35:41,072
that we’ve been seeing
over the years.

560
00:35:41,439 --> 00:35:44,342
He’s a good role model
in the sense of being

561
00:35:44,376 --> 00:35:47,646
caring with females
and caring for infants.

562
00:35:49,681 --> 00:35:51,750
He’s a very gentle character.

563
00:35:51,783 --> 00:35:54,653
The little ones feel really
comfortable around him.

564
00:35:57,155 --> 00:35:58,757
NARRATOR: Simon’s paternal
skills have

565
00:35:58,790 --> 00:36:00,825
caught Madonna’s attention.

566
00:36:00,859 --> 00:36:03,595
And he’s letting her hold
one of his infants.

567
00:36:06,598 --> 00:36:09,167
This has earned him
brownie points

568
00:36:09,200 --> 00:36:11,069
and they affirm
their relationship.

569
00:36:18,710 --> 00:36:21,713
(BABOONS SHRIEKING
AND GRUNTING)

570
00:36:23,815 --> 00:36:26,217
But Madonna is keeping
her options open.

571
00:36:28,053 --> 00:36:29,388
She’s starting to swell,

572
00:36:29,421 --> 00:36:32,457
and in the coming weeks
she’ll be at her most fertile.

573
00:36:35,427 --> 00:36:38,597
Although Alfie has been
somewhat of a wallflower,

574
00:36:38,630 --> 00:36:41,333
he’s also managed
to catch Madonna’s eye.

575
00:36:41,766 --> 00:36:43,568
ANNA: Her behavior
is quite interesting

576
00:36:43,601 --> 00:36:46,104
because she has been
bouncing around

577
00:36:46,137 --> 00:36:48,172
to different males.

578
00:36:49,240 --> 00:36:50,742
I think she’s just
not quite decided

579
00:36:50,775 --> 00:36:52,543
who she wants to be with,

580
00:36:52,577 --> 00:36:56,781
although Simon very clearly
wants to be with her,

581
00:36:56,815 --> 00:36:59,584
and so she’s doing
a form of female choice

582
00:36:59,617 --> 00:37:01,586
and maybe a little teasing.

583
00:37:02,454 --> 00:37:04,690
NARRATOR:  Madonna
is hedging her bets.

584
00:37:04,723 --> 00:37:08,160
When she’s not maintaining
her relationship with Simon,

585
00:37:08,193 --> 00:37:10,295
she’s trying to get close
to Alfie.

586
00:37:12,263 --> 00:37:15,533
Alfie is interested,
but he’s also wary.

587
00:37:15,567 --> 00:37:18,537
He doesn’t want to upset
an approaching Simon.

588
00:37:23,742 --> 00:37:26,378
Madonna must ensure
her advances

589
00:37:26,411 --> 00:37:27,779
are more clandestine,

590
00:37:27,812 --> 00:37:30,014
if she’s to get Alfie
to mate with her.

591
00:37:35,587 --> 00:37:38,790
Anna has learnt that
promiscuity is quite common

592
00:37:38,823 --> 00:37:41,059
in Kinda females.

593
00:37:41,392 --> 00:37:42,793
Whilst males 
work hard to maintain

594
00:37:42,827 --> 00:37:45,596
a close relationship
with just a few,

595
00:37:46,064 --> 00:37:47,766
some of the females
have been seen

596
00:37:47,799 --> 00:37:49,801
having sneaky
mating sessions

597
00:37:49,834 --> 00:37:52,070
with lots of different males.

598
00:37:52,837 --> 00:37:56,074
It could be a means
of ensuring infant protection,

599
00:37:56,107 --> 00:37:57,709
as several males
will believe

600
00:37:57,742 --> 00:37:59,777
the offspring
to be theirs.

601
00:38:00,178 --> 00:38:02,080
For the team,
trying to build up

602
00:38:02,113 --> 00:38:03,615
an accurate
biological picture

603
00:38:03,648 --> 00:38:04,482
of the troop,

604
00:38:04,516 --> 00:38:07,519
this promiscuity
poses a problem.

605
00:38:09,220 --> 00:38:10,288
We really want to look at,

606
00:38:10,321 --> 00:38:13,224
specifically, fathers,
paternity.

607
00:38:13,258 --> 00:38:14,559
Who is the father?

608
00:38:14,592 --> 00:38:16,160
Because obviously
we know the mother

609
00:38:16,194 --> 00:38:18,396
because the infant
is with the mother,

610
00:38:18,429 --> 00:38:21,666
but we would really like
to know who the fathers are.

611
00:38:22,100 --> 00:38:24,169
Genetics will tell us.

612
00:38:24,202 --> 00:38:27,038
NARRATOR:  The team has been
collecting faecal samples

613
00:38:27,071 --> 00:38:28,072
for six years.

614
00:38:28,106 --> 00:38:31,242
It’s a vital element
of the research necessary

615
00:38:31,276 --> 00:38:33,111
for genetic testing.

616
00:38:33,144 --> 00:38:34,979
Perfect. Right to the line.

617
00:38:35,547 --> 00:38:37,549
NARRATOR:  Contained
in the baboon’s faeces

618
00:38:37,582 --> 00:38:39,284
is a wealth of data,

619
00:38:39,317 --> 00:38:41,252
including their DNA.

620
00:38:41,519 --> 00:38:45,289
From this, each baboon
can be clearly identified

621
00:38:45,323 --> 00:38:46,558
and it can be determined

622
00:38:46,591 --> 00:38:49,627
for sure which male
has fathered which infant.

623
00:38:54,732 --> 00:38:56,667
The first lot
of fecal samples

624
00:38:56,701 --> 00:38:58,036
are being packed,

625
00:38:58,069 --> 00:38:59,804
to be sent off
to a laboratory

626
00:38:59,838 --> 00:39:02,007
in the USA.

627
00:39:05,009 --> 00:39:07,578
Definitely there will be
some surprises for sure,

628
00:39:07,612 --> 00:39:09,747
just from the behavior
we see.

629
00:39:09,781 --> 00:39:13,018
Sneak copulation,
new males coming in.

630
00:39:13,785 --> 00:39:16,688
It will bring a new...

631
00:39:16,721 --> 00:39:19,090
A whole new idea
of what’s going on,

632
00:39:19,123 --> 00:39:22,026
sort of like opening
that Oscar envelope

633
00:39:23,027 --> 00:39:24,462
and, "This is who is who."

634
00:39:25,129 --> 00:39:28,065
NARRATOR:  The results will
feed back into the research,

635
00:39:28,099 --> 00:39:31,569
helping to further understand
the relatedness of the troop,

636
00:39:31,603 --> 00:39:33,438
its unusual dynamics,

637
00:39:33,471 --> 00:39:35,506
and its unique
mating behaviors.

638
00:39:38,142 --> 00:39:39,477
The baboon’s faeces

639
00:39:39,510 --> 00:39:42,179
have never been
so precious to anyone

640
00:39:42,213 --> 00:39:43,981
but the dung beetles.

641
00:39:53,558 --> 00:39:55,360
Back in the love triangle,

642
00:39:55,393 --> 00:39:58,229
Alfie is still playing
hard-to-get with Madonna,

643
00:39:59,063 --> 00:40:01,232
and no matter how
hard she tries,

644
00:40:01,266 --> 00:40:03,301
she just can’t
get him alone.

645
00:40:04,435 --> 00:40:06,570
Simon is keeping tabs on her.

646
00:40:10,074 --> 00:40:13,044
MARLEY: I think he’s
trying to find Madonna.

647
00:40:18,750 --> 00:40:21,086
NARRATOR: His presence
is once again

648
00:40:21,119 --> 00:40:23,154
causing Alfie
to move away.

649
00:40:32,230 --> 00:40:34,733
MARLEY: She’s also
checking for Simon.

650
00:40:34,766 --> 00:40:36,167
Oh, he’s coming.

651
00:40:38,136 --> 00:40:40,138
NARRATOR:  Relations
between Madonna and Simon

652
00:40:40,171 --> 00:40:42,507
are becoming strained.

653
00:40:42,540 --> 00:40:44,709
She rejects his attempt
to mate.

654
00:40:56,821 --> 00:40:58,690
(THUNDER RUMBLING)

655
00:41:02,160 --> 00:41:04,496
The rains
are threatening again.

656
00:41:09,200 --> 00:41:11,569
It’s going to be
another long night

657
00:41:11,602 --> 00:41:13,637
of hunkering down.

658
00:41:31,689 --> 00:41:33,457
Over the last week,

659
00:41:33,491 --> 00:41:36,060
millions more
straw-colored fruit bats

660
00:41:36,094 --> 00:41:37,429
have continued to fly

661
00:41:37,462 --> 00:41:39,664
from the Central African
rainforest belt

662
00:41:39,697 --> 00:41:41,699
into Kasanka National Park.

663
00:41:53,678 --> 00:41:57,182
Numbers are now reaching
their peak of 10 million,

664
00:41:57,582 --> 00:42:00,085
but, in this time of plenty,

665
00:42:00,118 --> 00:42:02,754
there’s still stacks
of food to go around.

666
00:42:22,173 --> 00:42:24,676
Madonna will soon
be coming into season,

667
00:42:24,709 --> 00:42:26,578
and she can’t ignore
her instincts

668
00:42:26,611 --> 00:42:28,646
urging her
to select a mate.

669
00:42:29,480 --> 00:42:32,049
She appears
to be a little broody.

670
00:43:01,245 --> 00:43:02,346
She’s intrigued by

671
00:43:02,380 --> 00:43:04,249
the youngest member
of the troop

672
00:43:04,282 --> 00:43:05,583
and wants to get close.

673
00:43:07,785 --> 00:43:09,186
Okay, so Ella’s
still there.

674
00:43:09,220 --> 00:43:11,122
MARLEY:
Madonna approaching her.

675
00:43:11,155 --> 00:43:13,224
"Let me see your baby!
Let me see your baby!"

676
00:43:15,526 --> 00:43:18,362
NARRATOR:  The baby’s mother
is highly protective.

677
00:43:21,365 --> 00:43:22,499
By grooming,

678
00:43:22,533 --> 00:43:24,568
Madonna assures her
she’s no threat.

679
00:43:42,787 --> 00:43:45,690
As her fertile period
comes ever closer,

680
00:43:46,157 --> 00:43:49,193
Madonna’s interest in Alfie
is intensifying.

681
00:43:49,527 --> 00:43:51,596
She’s trying
different approaches

682
00:43:51,629 --> 00:43:53,664
to get him
to mate with her.

683
00:44:07,278 --> 00:44:09,013
She tantalizes him

684
00:44:09,046 --> 00:44:11,081
with a really good
view of her swelling.

685
00:44:21,692 --> 00:44:23,561
But Simon’s having
none of it,

686
00:44:24,362 --> 00:44:25,163
and heads in

687
00:44:25,196 --> 00:44:28,066
to reassert his position
by her side.

688
00:44:42,180 --> 00:44:45,050
Madonna, however,
has other plans.

689
00:44:46,617 --> 00:44:48,552
She’s choosing Alfie.

690
00:44:53,724 --> 00:44:56,727
Alfie hasn’t proved himself yet
as a father,

691
00:44:57,395 --> 00:44:59,530
nor is he as high-ranking
as Simon.

692
00:44:59,864 --> 00:45:01,466
But he has something else to

693
00:45:01,499 --> 00:45:04,002
offer Madonna and
her first infant.

694
00:45:04,035 --> 00:45:06,104
He brings diversity
to the gene pool.

695
00:45:16,814 --> 00:45:17,782
Once in the bushes,

696
00:45:17,815 --> 00:45:21,152
it’s clear that Alfie’s
"slowly, slowly" mating

697
00:45:21,185 --> 00:45:23,621
strategy has paid off.

698
00:45:24,422 --> 00:45:26,024
ANNA: Oh, oh,
there he goes.

699
00:45:26,057 --> 00:45:27,592
Nice.

700
00:45:42,740 --> 00:45:45,176
NARRATOR:  Madonna’s
decision-making and behavior

701
00:45:45,209 --> 00:45:47,511
is proving revelatory
for the team.

702
00:45:52,416 --> 00:45:54,184
They’re starting to
understand how

703
00:45:54,218 --> 00:45:56,787
female-male friendships develop,

704
00:45:57,588 --> 00:46:00,124
how the exercising
of female choice

705
00:46:00,157 --> 00:46:02,726
and the instinctive drive
for new genes

706
00:46:02,760 --> 00:46:04,328
all come into play in

707
00:46:04,362 --> 00:46:06,531
the Kinda’s unique
mating game.

708
00:46:10,801 --> 00:46:13,404
I hope that this troop will
provide us with

709
00:46:13,437 --> 00:46:18,409
some answers as to how Kinda
baboons fit into the science,

710
00:46:18,442 --> 00:46:20,210
compared to all other
baboon species,

711
00:46:20,244 --> 00:46:21,579
cos they are very
different,

712
00:46:21,612 --> 00:46:22,746
and I also hope that,

713
00:46:22,780 --> 00:46:24,515
in terms of just
our specific troop,

714
00:46:24,548 --> 00:46:27,718
that they thrive, they continue
to thrive, and that we will see

715
00:46:27,752 --> 00:46:31,589
even more interesting
behavior as they grow up.

716
00:46:36,494 --> 00:46:38,129
Kinda baboons have
never been studied.

717
00:46:38,462 --> 00:46:41,532
Primates live for a long time.
Baboons live for a long time.

718
00:46:42,466 --> 00:46:43,734
Having six years
of data is great.

719
00:46:43,768 --> 00:46:45,470
We’ve learned a lot,

720
00:46:45,503 --> 00:46:47,705
but they obviously have
a different mating strategy.

721
00:46:48,572 --> 00:46:51,108
Following them
for many more years,

722
00:46:51,142 --> 00:46:52,744
we’ll get even
a better picture of what

723
00:46:52,777 --> 00:46:54,712
Kinda baboons are like.

724
00:47:02,420 --> 00:47:05,590
The hope and the want
of us, of Kasanka, is that

725
00:47:05,623 --> 00:47:09,560
this will be a long-term running
project for years to come.

726
00:47:12,096 --> 00:47:13,998
(BABOONS CHATTERING)

727
00:47:14,265 --> 00:47:16,267
NARRATOR: Anna’s dream
is that the research

728
00:47:16,300 --> 00:47:19,203
will continue here throughout
Madonna’s life,

729
00:47:19,503 --> 00:47:22,373
following her and the troop
every step of the way,

730
00:47:23,407 --> 00:47:25,209
from Madonna’s first birth,

731
00:47:25,242 --> 00:47:28,212
through to her last
and beyond.

732
00:47:30,414 --> 00:47:40,224
♪

733
00:47:40,257 --> 00:47:48,232
♪

734
00:47:48,265 --> 00:47:56,240
♪