1
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字幕制作：仙境

2
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3
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记忆的延续   

4
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5
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萨根：地球表面比没有生命的世界还要大。

6
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7
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更美丽，更复杂。

8
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9
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我们的星球因其生命而引人注目。

10
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11
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而个体生命的本质就是

12
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13
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这是一种复杂性，大自然通过选择慢慢进化了超过 40 亿次。

14
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15
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你怎么样？

16
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17
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你可以用一段话来描述它。

18
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19
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然而，树的基本结构

20
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21
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描述一片草叶甚至单细胞动物的基本结构

22
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23
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这将需要很多段落。

24
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25
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为了创建大量信息

26
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27
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或者说，在描述生物的时候就更加有必要了。

28
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29
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单个信息单元称为位。

30
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31
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这是对一个显而易见的问题的是或否答案。

32
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33
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这个答案很能说明问题。

34
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35
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可以这么说，开关上的灯是亮还是灭

36
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37
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只需要一项信息。

38
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39
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列出更复杂的项目需要更多信息。

40
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41
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一个名为“二十个问题”的流行游戏是

42
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43
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大量资料显示，只能列出20个。

44
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45
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例如

46
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47
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我手里有东西

48
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49
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可能是什么？

50
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51
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这还活着吗？是的

52
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53
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半高加

54
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55
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这是动物吗？不

56
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57
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两个

58
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59
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这个够大吗？是的

60
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61
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这是长在地上的吗？是的

62
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63
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这是你种的植物吗？不。

64
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65
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好了，5关已经过去了。

66
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67
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我们在弄清楚这是什么方面取得了真正的进展。

68
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69
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20个精心挑选的问题

70
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71
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给我们广泛的

72
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73
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这让我们想到了蒲公英。

74
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75
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在我们对太空的探索中

76
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77
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第一步是提出正确的问题。

78
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79
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然后，不仅仅是 20 个问题，而是数十亿个问题。

80
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81
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我们正在逐渐将宇宙的复杂性降低到其基本秩序。

82
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83
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我们可以将其删除。

84
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85
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这场比赛有一个重要的点。

86
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87
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它的名字是科学。

88
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89
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如果我们现在进入这个巨大宇宙的黑暗，

90
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91
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比我们的太阳系古老得多

92
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93
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有无数的恒星和行星。

94
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95
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虽然我们不能确定，
导致生命组织和信息的过程相同

96
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97
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整个宇宙都会产生影响。

98
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99
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银河系的这一刻   

100
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101
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居住着其他智慧生物   

102
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103
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可能有一个一百万人的世界。   

104
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105
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令人惊奇和愉快的是，

106
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107
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我们开始了解具有智慧的非人类。

108
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109
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我们找到了它。

110
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111
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这个地方大部分被水覆盖。

112
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113
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这是人类生活的异世界。

114
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115
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我们在动荡的表面上生活和呼吸。

116
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117
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探索具有卓越智慧的生物。

118
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119
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在海洋中，液态水深达数公里，

120
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121
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它充满了陌生的生命形式。

122
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123
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还有一群透明生物。

124
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125
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在那里，通过改变他们身体的模式，

126
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127
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他们是沟通的社会生物。

128
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129
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他们是自己发光的存在。

130
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131
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它用茎招手，吃掉路过的人。

132
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133
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有饿花。

134
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135
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这种生物的手势标志着植物和动物之间的界限。

136
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137
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这似乎让事情变得暧昧起来。

138
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139
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在海里游来游去，翩翩起舞

140
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141
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还有淡紫色的生物。

142
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143
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在一个叫做地球的水下世界

144
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145
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许多物种栖息于此。

146
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147
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他们随身携带信息。

148
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149
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各自保护自己的生命

150
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151
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它有各种图案。

152
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153
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但又聪明又优雅

154
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155
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地球上最大的生物体，深海的主人

156
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157
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这是一条鲸鱼。

158
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159
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它们是地球上进化过的最大的动物。

160
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161
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它甚至比恐龙还要大。

162
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163
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他们的祖先一直生活到7000万年前。

164
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165
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它是一种肉食性哺乳动物，逐渐从陆地迁徙到海洋。

166
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167
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鲸鱼，例如座头鲸，仍然是哺乳动物。

168
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169
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我们人类和他们有很多共同点。

170
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171
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一位母亲母乳喂养她的孩子   

172
00:07:18,179 --> 00:07:18,377
          

173
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长期以来，大人都教导孩子

174
00:07:21,049 --> 00:07:21,246
          

175
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我们花了很多时间玩。
这是哺乳动物的特征。

176
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177
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动物无论是否学习，都会维持生命。

178
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179
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但大海是一个黑暗的地方。

180
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181
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对于陆地上的哺乳动物

182
00:07:31,932 --> 00:07:32,124
          

183
00:07:32,134 --> 00:07:33,887
发达的视觉和嗅觉

184
00:07:33,897 --> 00:07:34,093
          

185
00:07:34,103 --> 00:07:35,651
这里用得不多。

186
00:07:35,661 --> 00:07:35,861
          

187
00:07:35,871 --> 00:07:40,996
因此，鲸鱼进化出了一种通过声音进行交流的非凡能力。

188
00:07:41,006 --> 00:07:41,533
          

189
00:07:41,543 --> 00:07:45,333
数百万年来，鲸鱼在自然界中没有天敌。

190
00:07:45,343 --> 00:07:45,537
          

191
00:07:45,547 --> 00:07:49,098
然后，突然间，在曾经平静的海面上

192
00:07:49,108 --> 00:07:49,341
          

193
00:07:49,351 --> 00:07:53,209
一种新的、陌生的致命生物出现了。

194
00:07:53,219 --> 00:08:06,925
          

195
00:08:06,935 --> 00:08:11,294
它们在几个世纪前首次大量出现。

196
00:08:11,304 --> 00:08:11,497
          

197
00:08:11,507 --> 00:08:15,490
它是一个经常发出噪音，有时甚至致命的物体。

198
00:08:15,500 --> 00:08:15,701
          

199
00:08:15,711 --> 00:08:17,293
那些是

200
00:08:17,303 --> 00:08:17,503
          

201
00:08:17,513 --> 00:08:19,494
最后一个人类生活在海里是在 35 亿年前。

202
00:08:19,504 --> 00:08:19,705
          

203
00:08:19,715 --> 00:08:22,105
由地球生物的祖先制造

204
00:08:22,115 --> 00:08:22,307
          

205
00:08:22,317 --> 00:08:24,798
这是一种人造产品。

206
00:08:24,808 --> 00:08:38,891
          

207
00:08:38,901 --> 00:08:40,586
但这艘特殊的船

208
00:08:40,596 --> 00:08:40,793
          

209
00:08:40,803 --> 00:08:43,887
我们有一个理解的使命。

210
00:08:43,897 --> 00:08:46,865
          

211
00:08:46,875 --> 00:08:49,834
罗西娜·马里斯这样说

212
00:08:49,844 --> 00:08:50,402
          

213
00:08:50,412 --> 00:08:51,869
它被称为“海洋女王”。

214
00:08:51,879 --> 00:08:52,070
          

215
00:08:52,080 --> 00:08:56,404
他们的任务之一就是记录鲸鱼的声音。

216
00:08:56,414 --> 00:08:59,711
          

217
00:08:59,721 --> 00:09:02,703
有些鲸鱼的声音变成了歌曲，

218
00:09:02,713 --> 00:09:02,915
          

219
00:09:02,925 --> 00:09:05,850
我们不容易知道它是什么。

220
00:09:05,860 --> 00:09:06,051
          

221
00:09:06,061 --> 00:09:08,349
它们的频率范围很广。

222
00:09:08,359 --> 00:09:08,554
          

223
00:09:08,564 --> 00:09:11,216
除了宽带的声音之外，

224
00:09:11,226 --> 00:09:11,423
          

225
00:09:11,433 --> 00:09:13,789
人耳可听到低频。

226
00:09:13,799 --> 00:09:14,159
          

227
00:09:14,169 --> 00:09:16,719
它的频率低于最低声音。

228
00:09:16,729 --> 00:09:16,929
          

229
00:09:16,939 --> 00:09:19,727
某些鲸鱼的歌声可持续近 15 分钟。

230
00:09:19,737 --> 00:09:19,932
          

231
00:09:19,942 --> 00:09:23,026
最长的也有30分钟左右。

232
00:09:23,036 --> 00:09:23,235
          

233
00:09:23,245 --> 00:09:27,262
有时，一群鲸鱼会边唱歌边唱歌。

234
00:09:27,272 --> 00:09:27,506
          

235
00:09:27,516 --> 00:09:29,371
离开冬日的大海

236
00:09:29,381 --> 00:09:29,575
          

237
00:09:29,585 --> 00:09:32,669
6个月后，我回到了我离开的地方。

238
00:09:32,679 --> 00:09:32,878
          

239
00:09:32,888 --> 00:09:35,312
你会再次唱起这首歌。

240
00:09:35,322 --> 00:09:35,514
          

241
00:09:35,524 --> 00:09:36,572
从一个节拍到另一个节拍

242
00:09:36,582 --> 00:09:36,815
          

243
00:09:36,825 --> 00:09:38,112
从旋律到旋律

244
00:09:38,122 --> 00:09:38,317
          

245
00:09:38,327 --> 00:09:39,841
从声音到声音

246
00:09:39,851 --> 00:09:41,520
          

247
00:09:41,530 --> 00:09:45,479
鲸鱼有令人难以置信的记忆力。

248
00:09:45,489 --> 00:09:46,124
          

249
00:09:46,134 --> 00:09:52,096
通常他们会离开六个月然后回来，有些事情必然会发生变化。

250
00:09:52,106 --> 00:09:52,297
          

251
00:09:52,307 --> 00:09:56,996
更改后的歌曲将成为鲸鱼的热门歌曲。

252
00:09:57,006 --> 00:09:58,303
          

253
00:09:58,313 --> 00:10:02,706
很多时候，一个团体的成员会互相唱同一首歌。

254
00:10:02,716 --> 00:10:02,908
          

255
00:10:02,918 --> 00:10:07,845
就好像有某种共同的协议或共同的组成。

256
00:10:07,855 --> 00:10:08,146
          

257
00:10:08,156 --> 00:10:12,242
歌曲的内容逐渐变化，通常是可以预测的。

258
00:10:12,252 --> 00:10:12,451
          

259
00:10:12,461 --> 00:10:15,943
我不能说我擅长唱鲸歌，但是

260
00:10:15,953 --> 00:10:16,154
          

261
00:10:16,164 --> 00:10:18,019
让我告诉你。

262
00:10:18,029 --> 00:10:18,223
          

263
00:10:18,233 --> 00:10:19,781
一月

264
00:10:19,791 --> 00:10:19,992
          

265
00:10:20,002 --> 00:10:24,122
很长一段时间里，鲸鱼歌曲的一小段片段

266
00:10:24,132 --> 00:10:24,329
          

267
00:10:24,339 --> 00:10:25,990
听起来是这样的：

268
00:10:26,000 --> 00:10:26,198
          

269
00:10:26,208 --> 00:10:29,065
呃~啊~

270
00:10:29,075 --> 00:10:30,068
          

271
00:10:30,078 --> 00:10:33,060
二月，就是这样。

272
00:10:33,070 --> 00:10:33,272
          

273
00:10:33,282 --> 00:10:38,175
呃~啊~啊~

274
00:10:38,185 --> 00:10:38,644
          

275
00:10:38,654 --> 00:10:41,875
然后到了三月份
你可能已经预料到了

276
00:10:41,885 --> 00:10:42,080
          

277
00:10:42,090 --> 00:10:46,983
呜呜~啊~啊~啊~

278
00:10:46,993 --> 00:10:48,053
          

279
00:10:48,063 --> 00:10:51,614
多一个“啊~”就是一个月。

280
00:10:51,624 --> 00:10:56,662
          

281
00:10:56,672 --> 00:10:59,358
鲸鱼鸣叫的复杂模式是

282
00:10:59,368 --> 00:10:59,564
          

283
00:10:59,574 --> 00:11:02,089
有时它会完全重复。

284
00:11:02,099 --> 00:11:02,301
          

285
00:11:02,311 --> 00:11:07,601
如果我把座头鲸的歌想象成一种音调语言

286
00:11:07,611 --> 00:11:07,940
          

287
00:11:07,950 --> 00:11:10,602
单个短语的信息量为

288
00:11:10,612 --> 00:11:10,809
          

289
00:11:10,819 --> 00:11:16,114
这就像《伊利亚特》或《奥德赛》中的信息输出。

290
00:11:16,124 --> 00:11:27,993
          

291
00:11:28,003 --> 00:11:29,654
这只是一个浪漫的概念

292
00:11:29,664 --> 00:11:29,861
          

293
00:11:29,871 --> 00:11:32,329
鲸鱼和它们的近亲海豚，

294
00:11:32,339 --> 00:11:32,531
          

295
00:11:32,541 --> 00:11:36,524
有没有类似史诗的东西？

296
00:11:36,534 --> 00:12:01,226
          

297
00:12:01,236 --> 00:12:05,822
是什么让鲸鱼和海豚说话和唱歌？

298
00:12:05,832 --> 00:12:06,031
          

299
00:12:06,041 --> 00:12:08,056
他们没有处理发声的器官。

300
00:12:08,066 --> 00:12:08,266
          

301
00:12:08,276 --> 00:12:12,396
他们和我们一样棒
配置设计是不可能的。

302
00:12:12,406 --> 00:12:13,472
          

303
00:12:13,482 --> 00:12:15,167
但他们是社会生物。

304
00:12:15,177 --> 00:12:15,374
          

305
00:12:15,384 --> 00:12:17,842
他们打猎、游泳和捕鱼

306
00:12:17,852 --> 00:12:18,043
          

307
00:12:18,053 --> 00:12:20,170
吃、玩、结婚、玩

308
00:12:20,180 --> 00:12:21,113
          

309
00:12:21,123 --> 00:12:22,774
他们逃离掠食者。

310
00:12:22,784 --> 00:12:22,981
          

311
00:12:22,991 --> 00:12:24,881
关于这一点可能会有很多讨论。

312
00:12:24,891 --> 00:12:40,532
          

313
00:12:40,542 --> 00:12:44,491
对鲸鱼来说最大的危险是
最近只能通过科技

314
00:12:44,501 --> 00:12:44,703
          

315
00:12:44,713 --> 00:12:51,087
我有权利走进大海
这是突然出现的生物。

316
00:12:51,097 --> 00:12:52,711
          

317
00:12:52,721 --> 00:12:54,838
这些身份不明的生物被称为人类。

318
00:12:54,848 --> 00:12:56,114
          

319
00:12:56,124 --> 00:12:58,844
99.99% 的鲸鱼历史

320
00:12:58,854 --> 00:12:59,051
          

321
00:12:59,061 --> 00:13:01,349
那是在深海里，那里没有人类。

322
00:13:01,359 --> 00:13:01,953
          

323
00:13:01,963 --> 00:13:03,978
在此期间，
鲸鱼有自己的特殊之处

324
00:13:03,988 --> 00:13:04,189
          

325
00:13:04,199 --> 00:13:06,487
我们有一个通讯系统。

326
00:13:06,497 --> 00:13:06,691
          

327
00:13:06,701 --> 00:13:10,821
有些鲸鱼会发出 20 赫兹的响亮声音。

328
00:13:10,831 --> 00:13:11,029
          

329
00:13:11,039 --> 00:13:15,227
赫兹的拼写为 H-E-R-T-Z。
频率是频率的单位，

330
00:13:15,237 --> 00:13:15,434
          

331
00:13:15,444 --> 00:13:20,030
这是一波声波
它代表着每秒进入我耳朵的东西。

332
00:13:20,040 --> 00:13:20,238
          

333
00:13:20,248 --> 00:13:22,832
2000赫兹的声音频率是

334
00:13:22,842 --> 00:13:23,041
          

335
00:13:23,051 --> 00:13:24,770
看起来像这样。

336
00:13:24,780 --> 00:13:28,046
          

337
00:13:28,056 --> 00:13:30,173
200赫兹是这样的

338
00:13:30,183 --> 00:13:31,817
          

339
00:13:31,827 --> 00:13:33,375
20赫兹是这样的。

340
00:13:33,385 --> 00:13:33,585
          

341
00:13:33,595 --> 00:13:35,416
即使您的电视机以 20 赫兹运行，

342
00:13:35,426 --> 00:13:35,620
          

343
00:13:35,630 --> 00:13:38,612
它可能无法传输低频声音。

344
00:13:38,622 --> 00:13:39,658
          

345
00:13:39,668 --> 00:13:42,218
根据美国生物学家罗杰·佩恩的计算，

346
00:13:42,228 --> 00:13:42,427
          

347
00:13:42,437 --> 00:13:46,227
即使在海洋深处和遥远的水域，这些波浪

348
00:13:46,237 --> 00:13:46,431
          

349
00:13:46,441 --> 00:13:49,093
两条鲸鱼到底在哪里？

350
00:13:49,103 --> 00:13:49,301
          

351
00:13:49,311 --> 00:13:50,893
它使对话成为可能。

352
00:13:50,903 --> 00:13:51,103
          

353
00:13:51,113 --> 00:13:55,938
南极海洋罗斯冰架上的鲸鱼

354
00:13:55,948 --> 00:13:56,141
          

355
00:13:56,151 --> 00:13:59,804
您可以在阿拉斯加阿留申群岛与其他鲸鱼聊天。

356
00:13:59,814 --> 00:14:00,145
          

357
00:14:00,155 --> 00:14:06,276
在他们历史的大部分时间里，他们都在建设全球范围的通信网络。

358
00:14:06,286 --> 00:14:08,019
          

359
00:14:08,029 --> 00:14:10,681
15000公里外的两条鲸鱼

360
00:14:10,691 --> 00:14:10,889
          

361
00:14:10,899 --> 00:14:15,223
让两只鲸鱼互相交流并不是一个模糊的观点。

362
00:14:15,233 --> 00:14:15,427
          

363
00:14:15,437 --> 00:14:17,827
但也许是一首情歌

364
00:14:17,837 --> 00:14:18,029
          

365
00:14:18,039 --> 00:14:21,692
即使在茫茫大海中也能看到它。

366
00:14:21,702 --> 00:14:25,804
          

367
00:14:25,814 --> 00:14:28,967
现在，鲸鱼通信距离的计算是

368
00:14:28,977 --> 00:14:29,174
          

369
00:14:29,184 --> 00:14:32,200
我想大海是时候平静下来了。

370
00:14:32,210 --> 00:14:38,817
          

371
00:14:38,827 --> 00:14:41,786
但在19世纪，

372
00:14:41,796 --> 00:14:42,120
          

373
00:14:42,130 --> 00:14:44,680
轮船是来自陌生土地的一项发明。

374
00:14:44,690 --> 00:14:44,890
          

375
00:14:44,900 --> 00:14:48,155
它们开始被大型帆船取代。

376
00:14:48,165 --> 00:14:48,360
          

377
00:14:48,370 --> 00:14:52,126
商船和军舰的数量不断增加。

378
00:14:52,136 --> 00:14:53,965
          

379
00:14:53,975 --> 00:14:59,829
特别是海洋中 20 赫兹范围内的噪音污染有所增加。

380
00:14:59,839 --> 00:15:03,542
          

381
00:15:03,552 --> 00:15:06,568
这些船只的船员有意识地试图保持冷静。

382
00:15:06,578 --> 00:15:06,778
          

383
00:15:06,788 --> 00:15:07,904
但发动机启动的那一刻

384
00:15:07,914 --> 00:15:08,113
          

385
00:15:08,123 --> 00:15:10,673
它会发出频率为 20 赫兹的非常响亮的声音。

386
00:15:10,683 --> 00:15:12,384
          

387
00:15:12,394 --> 00:15:14,579
跨海交流的鲸鱼

388
00:15:14,589 --> 00:15:14,786
          

389
00:15:14,796 --> 00:15:17,721
你会遇到更大的困难。

390
00:15:17,731 --> 00:15:17,923
          

391
00:15:17,933 --> 00:15:22,726
他们之间的交流距离肯定在不断缩短。

392
00:15:22,736 --> 00:15:23,895
          

393
00:15:23,905 --> 00:15:25,590
200年前

394
00:15:25,600 --> 00:15:25,797
          

395
00:15:25,807 --> 00:15:31,903
鲸鱼的可能通讯距离约为10,000公里。

396
00:15:31,913 --> 00:15:32,103
          

397
00:15:32,113 --> 00:15:34,401
今天，一个典型的日子

398
00:15:34,411 --> 00:15:34,606
          

399
00:15:34,616 --> 00:15:38,235
这个数字将少于 100 公里。

400
00:15:38,245 --> 00:15:38,443
          

401
00:15:38,453 --> 00:15:41,640
我们正在断绝他们的关系。

402
00:15:41,650 --> 00:15:41,846
          

403
00:15:41,856 --> 00:15:44,440
数千万年来自由交流

404
00:15:44,450 --> 00:15:44,649
          

405
00:15:44,659 --> 00:15:46,446
生活其实就是现在

406
00:15:46,456 --> 00:15:46,651
          

407
00:15:46,661 --> 00:15:49,677
这和沉默没有什么区别。

408
00:15:49,687 --> 00:15:55,493
          

409
00:15:55,503 --> 00:15:57,427
我们还做了更糟糕的事情。

410
00:15:57,437 --> 00:15:57,629
          

411
00:15:57,639 --> 00:16:00,029
今天，在鲸鱼的尸体上

412
00:16:00,039 --> 00:16:00,232
          

413
00:16:00,242 --> 00:16:03,827
这是因为有持续不断的商业活动。

414
00:16:03,837 --> 00:16:04,035
          

415
00:16:04,045 --> 00:16:07,129
人类免费猎杀鲸鱼。

416
00:16:07,139 --> 00:16:07,339
          

417
00:16:07,349 --> 00:16:12,276
它在市场上作为狗粮或口红的成分出售。

418
00:16:12,286 --> 00:16:13,178
          

419
00:16:13,188 --> 00:16:17,478
许多国家认为捕鲸是残暴的行为，但

420
00:16:17,488 --> 00:16:17,682
          

421
00:16:17,692 --> 00:16:20,173
通常是日本、挪威和（前）苏联等国家。

422
00:16:20,183 --> 00:16:20,385
          

423
00:16:20,395 --> 00:16:23,946
商业活动稳步开展。

424
00:16:23,956 --> 00:16:24,856
          

425
00:16:24,866 --> 00:16:28,462
我们认为“怪物”与我们有所不同并且令人恐惧。

426
00:16:28,472 --> 00:16:28,472
          

427
00:16:28,482 --> 00:16:30,455
动物已被描述。

428
00:16:30,465 --> 00:16:31,263
          

429
00:16:31,273 --> 00:16:33,231
但谁更像怪物呢？

430
00:16:33,241 --> 00:16:33,431
          

431
00:16:33,441 --> 00:16:38,396
是一头独自游荡、唱着浓郁而忧郁的歌来打招呼的鲸鱼吗？

432
00:16:38,406 --> 00:16:38,670
          

433
00:16:38,680 --> 00:16:42,629
或者追捕并消灭它们并消灭许多种类的鲸鱼。

434
00:16:42,639 --> 00:16:42,841
          

435
00:16:42,851 --> 00:16:46,937
我们人类是否已经濒临灭绝？

436
00:16:46,947 --> 00:16:49,347
          

437
00:16:49,357 --> 00:16:52,874
我们有兴趣与地球以外的智慧生命进行交流。

438
00:16:52,884 --> 00:16:53,084
          

439
00:16:53,094 --> 00:16:54,984
地球上的智慧生物

440
00:16:54,994 --> 00:16:55,186
          

441
00:16:55,196 --> 00:16:57,984
沟通一下不是更好吗？

442
00:16:57,994 --> 00:16:58,189
          

443
00:16:58,199 --> 00:17:01,556
具有不同语言和文化的人

444
00:17:01,566 --> 00:17:01,760
          

445
00:17:01,770 --> 00:17:03,955
与大黑猩猩和海豚一起

446
00:17:03,965 --> 00:17:04,162
          

447
00:17:04,172 --> 00:17:06,653
尤其是鲸鱼。

448
00:17:06,663 --> 00:17:35,660
          

449
00:17:35,670 --> 00:17:39,255
鲸鱼需要知道很多事情才能生存。

450
00:17:39,265 --> 00:17:39,464
          

451
00:17:39,474 --> 00:17:41,898
这些知识存在于鲸鱼的基因和它们巨大的大脑中。

452
00:17:41,908 --> 00:17:42,100
          

453
00:17:42,110 --> 00:17:45,695
它以两种重要方式存储。

454
00:17:45,705 --> 00:17:45,904
          

455
00:17:45,914 --> 00:17:47,769
我们相信他们的基因和大脑

456
00:17:47,779 --> 00:17:47,972
          

457
00:17:47,982 --> 00:17:50,873
你可以把它想象成他们体内的一个图书馆。

458
00:17:50,883 --> 00:17:51,076
          

459
00:17:51,086 --> 00:17:53,840
我们如何母乳喂养 DNA 中的信息？

460
00:17:53,850 --> 00:17:54,045
          

461
00:17:54,055 --> 00:17:58,208
如何将小虾变成体内脂肪？

462
00:17:58,218 --> 00:17:58,416
          

463
00:17:58,426 --> 00:18:02,352
怎样才能屏住呼吸潜入一公里深？包含相同的井信息。

464
00:18:02,362 --> 00:18:02,554
          

465
00:18:02,564 --> 00:18:05,387
大脑中储存的信息

466
00:18:05,397 --> 00:18:05,590
          

467
00:18:05,600 --> 00:18:07,148
谁是我的母亲

468
00:18:07,158 --> 00:18:07,359
          

469
00:18:07,369 --> 00:18:08,417
我正在听的这首歌是什么意思？

470
00:18:08,427 --> 00:18:08,626
          

471
00:18:08,636 --> 00:18:12,084
获得的知识也是一样的。

472
00:18:12,094 --> 00:18:15,266
          

473
00:18:15,276 --> 00:18:21,763
鲸鱼、人类和地球上其他一切生物的基因库都是由 DNA 组成的。

474
00:18:21,773 --> 00:18:21,973
          

475
00:18:21,983 --> 00:18:24,066
这个复杂分子的唯一功能是

476
00:18:24,076 --> 00:18:24,275
          

477
00:18:24,285 --> 00:18:28,109
这是关于存储和复制信息。

478
00:18:28,119 --> 00:18:32,117
          

479
00:18:32,127 --> 00:18:36,076
我们生活在十亿年前，比人类语言还要古老。

480
00:18:36,086 --> 00:18:36,287
          

481
00:18:36,297 --> 00:18:40,951
我们正在研究用语言书写的人类 DNA 的命令系统。

482
00:18:40,961 --> 00:18:41,159
          

483
00:18:41,169 --> 00:18:43,093
每个颜色的原子簇是

484
00:18:43,103 --> 00:18:43,294
          

485
00:18:43,304 --> 00:18:46,730
我们正在记录生命语言的遗传字母表。

486
00:18:46,740 --> 00:18:46,931
          

487
00:18:46,941 --> 00:18:48,398
拥有数十亿比特的信息

488
00:18:48,408 --> 00:18:48,600
          

489
00:18:48,610 --> 00:18:51,865
有10亿个字符。

490
00:18:51,875 --> 00:18:52,370
          

491
00:18:52,380 --> 00:18:54,497
如果你来自一个非常不同的地方

492
00:18:54,507 --> 00:18:54,706
          

493
00:18:54,716 --> 00:18:57,766
你不可能列出鲸鱼或人类。

494
00:18:57,776 --> 00:18:57,976
          

495
00:18:57,986 --> 00:19:01,412
在二十个问题的游戏中。

496
00:19:01,422 --> 00:19:01,613
          

497
00:19:01,623 --> 00:19:05,014
但是这个游戏叫100亿个问题

498
00:19:05,024 --> 00:19:05,216
          

499
00:19:05,226 --> 00:19:06,911
这是值得的。

500
00:19:06,921 --> 00:19:07,118
          

501
00:19:07,128 --> 00:19:08,449
地球上的所有生物

502
00:19:08,459 --> 00:19:08,653
          

503
00:19:08,663 --> 00:19:11,417
便携式图书馆
它的遗传和遗传

504
00:19:11,427 --> 00:19:11,623
          

505
00:19:11,633 --> 00:19:13,488
它是包容性的。

506
00:19:13,498 --> 00:19:13,691
          

507
00:19:13,701 --> 00:19:18,060
您拥有的信息越多，您能做的事情就越多。

508
00:19:18,070 --> 00:19:21,699
          

509
00:19:21,709 --> 00:19:26,332
最简单的生物体——病毒，只需要 10,000 位信息。

510
00:19:26,342 --> 00:19:26,538
          

511
00:19:26,548 --> 00:19:30,599
本书一侧包含的信息如下。

512
00:19:30,609 --> 00:19:30,809
          

513
00:19:30,819 --> 00:19:32,538
为了病毒能够生存

514
00:19:32,548 --> 00:19:32,744
          

515
00:19:32,754 --> 00:19:35,577
感染其他生物
复制自己

516
00:19:35,587 --> 00:19:35,780
          

517
00:19:35,790 --> 00:19:39,181
它有您需要的所有命令。

518
00:19:39,191 --> 00:19:39,384
          

519
00:19:39,394 --> 00:19:42,911
细菌使用近百万位信息。

520
00:19:42,921 --> 00:19:43,121
          

521
00:19:43,131 --> 00:19:44,884
这本书大约有100页长。

522
00:19:44,894 --> 00:19:45,089
          

523
00:19:45,099 --> 00:19:47,353
细菌比病毒能做更多的事情。

524
00:19:47,363 --> 00:19:47,559
          

525
00:19:47,569 --> 00:19:52,087
它们并不是彻底的寄生生物
细菌必须生存。

526
00:19:52,097 --> 00:19:55,834
          

527
00:19:55,844 --> 00:19:58,962
那么变形虫这种自由灵活的单细胞动物呢？

528
00:19:58,972 --> 00:19:59,170
          

529
00:19:59,180 --> 00:20:01,434
这种生物体型极其微小。

530
00:20:01,444 --> 00:20:01,906
          

531
00:20:01,916 --> 00:20:04,067
然而，在单细胞动物王国中

532
00:20:04,077 --> 00:20:04,275
          

533
00:20:04,285 --> 00:20:05,708
他们是巨人。

534
00:20:05,718 --> 00:20:05,910
          

535
00:20:05,920 --> 00:20:08,936
在微生物的世界里，我们就像鲸鱼。

536
00:20:08,946 --> 00:20:09,147
          

537
00:20:09,157 --> 00:20:13,675
它的 DNA 中包含大约 4 亿个比特。

538
00:20:13,685 --> 00:20:13,885
          

539
00:20:13,895 --> 00:20:17,946
这相当于大约 80 500 页书籍的信息量。

540
00:20:17,956 --> 00:20:18,156
          

541
00:20:18,166 --> 00:20:20,784
创造阿米巴原虫需要大量信息。

542
00:20:20,794 --> 00:20:20,992
          

543
00:20:21,002 --> 00:20:25,929
一个像城市一样的小生物是一滴水。
在水滴中徘徊。

544
00:20:25,939 --> 00:20:29,701
          

545
00:20:29,711 --> 00:20:31,862
鲸鱼和人类需要多远才能存在？

546
00:20:31,872 --> 00:20:32,070
          

547
00:20:32,080 --> 00:20:38,006
答案是50亿比特。

548
00:20:38,016 --> 00:20:38,209
          

549
00:20:38,219 --> 00:20:42,236
“生命百科全书”包含50亿位信息

550
00:20:42,246 --> 00:20:42,447
          

551
00:20:42,457 --> 00:20:45,314
它包含在我们细胞的细胞核中。

552
00:20:45,324 --> 00:20:45,517
          

553
00:20:45,527 --> 00:20:50,962
如果你用简单的英语写下这些命令，

554
00:20:50,972 --> 00:20:50,972
          

555
00:20:50,982 --> 00:20:55,991
信息可以填满一千本书。

556
00:20:56,001 --> 00:20:56,194
          

557
00:20:56,204 --> 00:20:57,286
我们想一想

558
00:20:57,296 --> 00:20:57,495
          

559
00:20:57,505 --> 00:21:01,727
我们的身体大约有 100 万亿个细胞。

560
00:21:01,737 --> 00:21:01,933
          

561
00:21:01,943 --> 00:21:04,902
它包含构建我们身体所需的信息。

562
00:21:04,912 --> 00:21:05,103
          

563
00:21:05,113 --> 00:21:09,096
我完美地拥有它。
这些细胞很聪明。

564
00:21:09,106 --> 00:21:09,307
          

565
00:21:09,317 --> 00:21:11,798
如果这是我的基因库

566
00:21:11,808 --> 00:21:12,010
          

567
00:21:12,020 --> 00:21:14,911
这就是我的身体在无需教导的情况下如何运作

568
00:21:14,921 --> 00:21:15,113
          

569
00:21:15,123 --> 00:21:16,842
你必须知道一切。

570
00:21:16,852 --> 00:21:17,048
          

571
00:21:17,058 --> 00:21:19,846
来自遥远过去的信息

572
00:21:19,856 --> 00:21:20,051
          

573
00:21:20,061 --> 00:21:24,886
它写得很彻底、细致，条目重叠。

574
00:21:24,896 --> 00:21:25,089
          

575
00:21:25,099 --> 00:21:28,752
如何笑、如何打喷嚏、如何走路

576
00:21:28,762 --> 00:21:28,960
          

577
00:21:28,970 --> 00:21:31,360
如何识别模式并留下后代

578
00:21:31,370 --> 00:21:31,563
          

579
00:21:31,573 --> 00:21:33,622
如何消化苹果。

580
00:21:33,632 --> 00:21:34,132
          

581
00:21:34,142 --> 00:21:38,559
如果消化苹果中糖分的说明是

582
00:21:38,569 --> 00:21:38,770
          

583
00:21:38,780 --> 00:21:41,500
如果我们用化学术语写下来怎么办？   

584
00:21:41,510 --> 00:21:41,706
          

585
00:21:41,716 --> 00:21:43,731
那么，我们就来看看吧。   

586
00:21:43,741 --> 00:21:44,809
          

587
00:21:44,819 --> 00:21:47,437
氨基酸合成，
蛋白质的结构（多肽链），

588
00:21:47,447 --> 00:21:47,645
          

589
00:21:47,655 --> 00:21:51,979
转录RNA、遗传密码、
酶的表达，

590
00:21:51,989 --> 00:21:52,183
          

591
00:21:52,193 --> 00:21:54,743
酶的磷酸化反应。
它维持我们的体温。

592
00:21:54,753 --> 00:21:54,953
          

593
00:21:54,963 --> 00:21:58,821
HMP（NADPH，核糖生产），
柠檬酸循环（TCA循环、柠檬酸循环、柠檬酸循环）

594
00:21:58,831 --> 00:21:59,023
          

595
00:21:59,033 --> 00:22:01,583
在这里，无氧糖酵解。

596
00:22:01,593 --> 00:22:01,793
          

597
00:22:01,803 --> 00:22:03,420
现在，吃一个苹果

598
00:22:03,430 --> 00:22:03,628
          

599
00:22:03,638 --> 00:22:06,188
看起来很简单，但是

600
00:22:06,198 --> 00:22:06,931
          

601
00:22:06,941 --> 00:22:08,660
那不是真的。

602
00:22:08,670 --> 00:22:08,866
          

603
00:22:08,876 --> 00:22:12,768
事实上，合成消化所必需的各种酶的过程是

604
00:22:12,778 --> 00:22:12,971
          

605
00:22:12,981 --> 00:22:17,305
如果你必须有意识地进行一系列从食物中获取能量的化学反应，

606
00:22:17,315 --> 00:22:17,508
          

607
00:22:17,518 --> 00:22:19,669
你可能会饿死。

608
00:22:19,679 --> 00:22:19,877
          

609
00:22:19,887 --> 00:22:24,644
而且，甚至细菌
它可以进行厌氧糖分解。

610
00:22:24,654 --> 00:22:24,849
          

611
00:22:24,859 --> 00:22:29,786
这就是苹果腐烂的原因。
现在是细菌的午餐时间。

612
00:22:29,796 --> 00:22:29,988
          

613
00:22:29,998 --> 00:22:37,024
他们、我们和所有生物都通过遗传指令紧密相连。

614
00:22:37,034 --> 00:22:37,228
          

615
00:22:37,238 --> 00:22:39,719
我们编目的基因库是

616
00:22:39,729 --> 00:22:39,931
          

617
00:22:39,941 --> 00:22:42,661
总的来说，它有很多页。

618
00:22:42,671 --> 00:22:42,867
          

619
00:22:42,877 --> 00:22:45,961
它与不同的信号互连

620
00:22:45,971 --> 00:22:46,170
          

621
00:22:46,180 --> 00:22:48,866
他们、人类和所有生物都有一个共同的基因要求。

622
00:22:48,876 --> 00:22:49,073
          

623
00:22:49,083 --> 00:22:51,098
如果你看看我们的进化遗产，你会发现这是真的。

624
00:22:51,108 --> 00:22:53,945
          

625
00:22:53,955 --> 00:22:56,470
我们目前人类的科技能力是

626
00:22:56,480 --> 00:22:56,681
          

627
00:22:56,691 --> 00:23:01,584
感觉我们的身体正在毫不费力地工作。

628
00:23:01,594 --> 00:23:01,786
          

629
00:23:01,796 --> 00:23:06,018
只能再现复杂化学反应的片段。

630
00:23:06,028 --> 00:23:06,224
          

631
00:23:06,234 --> 00:23:08,784
但我们才刚刚开始研究化学反应。

632
00:23:08,794 --> 00:23:08,993
          

633
00:23:09,003 --> 00:23:13,157
进化已经稳定地进行了数十亿年。

634
00:23:13,167 --> 00:23:14,132
          

635
00:23:14,142 --> 00:23:16,566
DNA 知道。

636
00:23:16,576 --> 00:23:17,769
          

637
00:23:17,779 --> 00:23:22,365
现在，我们要做的事情变得太复杂了。

638
00:23:22,375 --> 00:23:22,573
          

639
00:23:22,583 --> 00:23:26,600
如果有数十亿比特的信息怎么办？

640
00:23:26,610 --> 00:23:26,811
          

641
00:23:26,821 --> 00:23:30,303
例如，环境变化如此之快，以至于

642
00:23:30,313 --> 00:23:30,515
          

643
00:23:30,525 --> 00:23:33,973
遗传百科全书的指导

644
00:23:33,983 --> 00:23:34,185
          

645
00:23:34,195 --> 00:23:40,949
如果它在过去可能工作得很好，但现在不完美怎么办？

646
00:23:40,959 --> 00:23:41,159
          

647
00:23:41,169 --> 00:23:42,717
然后

648
00:23:42,727 --> 00:23:42,927
          

649
00:23:42,937 --> 00:23:47,193
即使是一千卷的基因库也是不够的。

650
00:23:47,203 --> 00:23:47,398
          

651
00:23:47,408 --> 00:23:50,595
这就是为什么我们有大脑。

652
00:23:50,605 --> 00:23:54,072
          

653
00:23:54,082 --> 00:23:56,336
与任何其他器官一样，大脑已经存在了数百万年。

654
00:23:56,346 --> 00:23:56,541
          

655
00:23:56,551 --> 00:23:59,009
通过不断的演变，结构日益复杂

656
00:23:59,019 --> 00:23:59,210
          

657
00:23:59,220 --> 00:24:02,202
结果，我现在掌握了很多信息。

658
00:24:02,212 --> 00:24:02,413
          

659
00:24:02,423 --> 00:24:06,850
这个结构反映了它所经历的阶段。

660
00:24:06,860 --> 00:24:07,285
          

661
00:24:07,295 --> 00:24:11,984
大脑是从内到外进化的

662
00:24:11,994 --> 00:24:12,190
          

663
00:24:12,200 --> 00:24:15,819
最里面、最古老的部分称为脑干。

664
00:24:15,829 --> 00:24:16,427
          

665
00:24:16,437 --> 00:24:19,055
就像心跳和呼吸一样。

666
00:24:19,065 --> 00:24:19,263
          

667
00:24:19,273 --> 00:24:24,732
它指导许多基本方面，包括生命周期。

668
00:24:24,742 --> 00:24:24,936
          

669
00:24:24,946 --> 00:24:29,962
美国生物学家保罗·麦克莱恩提出了一个颇具争议性的观点：

670
00:24:29,972 --> 00:24:29,972
          

671
00:24:29,982 --> 00:24:34,709
大脑的高级功能分三个阶段进化。

672
00:24:34,719 --> 00:24:34,912
          

673
00:24:34,922 --> 00:24:39,246
正如您所看到的，脑干周围的区域称为 R 区。

674
00:24:39,256 --> 00:24:39,450
          

675
00:24:39,460 --> 00:24:41,213
“R”代表爬行动物

676
00:24:41,223 --> 00:24:41,419
          

677
00:24:41,429 --> 00:24:43,148
这就是人类的攻击性行为、刻板的仪式、

678
00:24:43,158 --> 00:24:43,387
          

679
00:24:43,397 --> 00:24:48,656
它负责保卫自己的势力范围和维护等级秩序。

680
00:24:48,666 --> 00:24:48,860
          

681
00:24:48,870 --> 00:24:54,528
这是我们从数亿年前的爬行动物祖先进化而来的地方。

682
00:24:54,538 --> 00:24:54,732
          

683
00:24:54,742 --> 00:25:02,002
所以，在我们的大脑深处，我们仍然拥有鳄鱼的大脑。

684
00:25:02,012 --> 00:25:02,206
          

685
00:25:02,216 --> 00:25:05,869
R 区周围有一个域。

686
00:25:05,879 --> 00:25:06,077
          

687
00:25:06,087 --> 00:25:07,305
这是哺乳动物的大脑。

688
00:25:07,315 --> 00:25:07,512
          

689
00:25:07,522 --> 00:25:09,810
几千万年前，这个地方在各个方面都是哺乳动物。

690
00:25:09,820 --> 00:25:10,248
          

691
00:25:10,258 --> 00:25:13,962
他们还不是像猴子或猿这样的灵长类动物。

692
00:25:13,972 --> 00:25:13,972
          

693
00:25:13,982 --> 00:25:17,387
它是在远古时期进化而来的。

694
00:25:17,397 --> 00:25:17,588
          

695
00:25:17,598 --> 00:25:22,462
这是我们分享心情、情感、忧虑和照顾孩子的地方。

696
00:25:22,472 --> 00:25:22,472
          

697
00:25:22,482 --> 00:25:24,658
它可能是主要来源。

698
00:25:24,668 --> 00:25:24,862
          

699
00:25:24,872 --> 00:25:28,962
最后，在某种原始的大脑下面

700
00:25:28,972 --> 00:25:28,972
          

701
00:25:28,982 --> 00:25:33,962
从数百万年前人类还是灵长类动物时进化而来

702
00:25:33,972 --> 00:25:33,982
          

703
00:25:33,992 --> 00:25:38,874
大脑皮层是大脑的最外层部分，

704
00:25:38,884 --> 00:25:39,076
          

705
00:25:39,086 --> 00:25:41,567
我们生活在一种不稳定的休战状态中。

706
00:25:41,577 --> 00:25:54,892
          

707
00:25:54,902 --> 00:25:57,360
这就是我们太空旅行所需要的

708
00:25:57,370 --> 00:25:57,562
          

709
00:25:57,572 --> 00:25:59,655
这是需要采取的重要一点。

710
00:25:59,665 --> 00:25:59,864
          

711
00:25:59,874 --> 00:26:04,963
在大脑皮层中，物质转化为意识。

712
00:26:04,973 --> 00:26:05,169
          

713
00:26:05,179 --> 00:26:09,469
该区域占大脑质量的2/3以上。

714
00:26:09,479 --> 00:26:09,674
          

715
00:26:09,684 --> 00:26:13,474
这是直觉和批判性分析的领域。

716
00:26:13,484 --> 00:26:13,678
          

717
00:26:13,688 --> 00:26:16,875
这是我们获得想法和灵感的地方。

718
00:26:16,885 --> 00:26:17,081
          

719
00:26:17,091 --> 00:26:18,844
这也是处理读取和写入的地方。

720
00:26:18,854 --> 00:26:19,050
          

721
00:26:19,060 --> 00:26:22,383
这也是我们可以解决数学或演奏音乐的地方。

722
00:26:22,393 --> 00:26:22,587
          

723
00:26:22,597 --> 00:26:26,284
大脑皮层协调我们的意识生活。

724
00:26:26,294 --> 00:26:26,490
          

725
00:26:26,500 --> 00:26:31,618
这是人类居住的地方，也是我们这个物种与众不同的地方。

726
00:26:31,628 --> 00:26:31,829
          

727
00:26:31,839 --> 00:26:34,093
艺术和科学在这里也充满活力。

728
00:26:34,103 --> 00:26:34,298
          

729
00:26:34,308 --> 00:26:38,200
文明是大脑皮层的产物。

730
00:26:38,210 --> 00:26:40,805
          

731
00:26:40,815 --> 00:26:41,931
额头后部

732
00:26:41,941 --> 00:26:42,139
          

733
00:26:42,149 --> 00:26:45,074
这是大脑皮层的额叶。

734
00:26:45,084 --> 00:26:45,276
          

735
00:26:45,286 --> 00:26:47,836
它们是我们预测事件并

736
00:26:47,846 --> 00:26:48,045
          

737
00:26:48,055 --> 00:26:50,275
这就是我们计算未来的地方。

738
00:26:50,285 --> 00:26:50,481
          

739
00:26:50,491 --> 00:26:52,711
但如果我们能够预见一个不愉快的未来

740
00:26:52,721 --> 00:26:52,917
          

741
00:26:52,927 --> 00:26:54,851
我们或许可以避免它。

742
00:26:54,861 --> 00:26:55,052
          

743
00:26:55,062 --> 00:26:57,077
在此之下，额叶是

744
00:26:57,087 --> 00:26:57,288
          

745
00:26:57,298 --> 00:26:59,848
要是我们能有明智的关注就好了

746
00:26:59,858 --> 00:27:00,057
          

747
00:27:00,067 --> 00:27:02,787
它可以保护人类的生命。

748
00:27:02,797 --> 00:27:05,730
          

749
00:27:05,740 --> 00:27:10,167
大脑皮层内部是极其精细的思想结构。

750
00:27:10,177 --> 00:27:10,368
          

751
00:27:10,378 --> 00:27:13,963
大脑的语言不是遗传DNA的语言。

752
00:27:13,973 --> 00:27:14,171
          

753
00:27:14,181 --> 00:27:19,240
我们所知道的是 1 位信息
所代表的所有键都是小的连接元素

754
00:27:19,250 --> 00:27:19,443
          

755
00:27:19,453 --> 00:27:23,243
它在称为神经元的细胞中编码。

756
00:27:23,253 --> 00:27:23,447
          

757
00:27:23,457 --> 00:27:26,644
我们每个人有多少个神经元？
大约有10亿。

758
00:27:26,654 --> 00:27:26,851
          

759
00:27:26,861 --> 00:27:30,150
其数量可与银河系中的恒星数量相媲美。

760
00:27:30,160 --> 00:27:30,354
          

761
00:27:30,364 --> 00:27:34,882
大约有 100 万亿个神经连接。

762
00:27:34,892 --> 00:27:36,961
          

763
00:27:36,971 --> 00:27:41,295
这个复杂而惊人的神经网络是

764
00:27:41,305 --> 00:27:41,499
          

765
00:27:41,509 --> 00:27:45,265
数百个闪光来回移动

766
00:27:45,275 --> 00:27:45,469
          

767
00:27:45,479 --> 00:27:48,267
编织重叠图案

768
00:27:48,277 --> 00:27:48,472
          

769
00:27:48,482 --> 00:27:51,168
它被称为神奇织机。

770
00:27:51,178 --> 00:27:51,375
          

771
00:27:51,385 --> 00:27:54,936
即使在睡眠期间，大脑也参与人类生活的复杂活动。

772
00:27:54,946 --> 00:27:55,146
          

773
00:27:55,156 --> 00:27:58,047
它会跳动、跳动和闪烁。

774
00:27:58,057 --> 00:27:58,249
          

775
00:27:58,259 --> 00:28:01,275
做梦，记起，记起一些事。

776
00:28:01,285 --> 00:28:01,485
          

777
00:28:01,495 --> 00:28:04,613
我们的想法、我们的愿景、我们的幻想

778
00:28:04,623 --> 00:28:04,822
          

779
00:28:04,832 --> 00:28:07,814
它伴随着一个物理实体。

780
00:28:07,824 --> 00:28:08,025
          

781
00:28:08,035 --> 00:28:09,822
思考是什么样的？

782
00:28:09,832 --> 00:28:10,027
          

783
00:28:10,037 --> 00:28:13,963
现在，这是由数百次电气碰撞造成的。

784
00:28:13,973 --> 00:28:14,765
          

785
00:28:14,775 --> 00:28:16,426
比如说那边

786
00:28:16,436 --> 00:28:16,634
          

787
00:28:16,644 --> 00:28:18,033
这是记忆中的一闪而过。

788
00:28:18,043 --> 00:28:18,235
          

789
00:28:18,245 --> 00:28:19,497
也许

790
00:28:19,507 --> 00:28:19,704
          

791
00:28:19,714 --> 00:28:23,663
这可能是你童年时乡间小路上丁香花香味的记忆。

792
00:28:23,673 --> 00:28:23,874
          

793
00:28:23,884 --> 00:28:28,208
并根据各分行的举报
这可能是一种令人心碎的感觉。

794
00:28:28,218 --> 00:28:28,412
          

795
00:28:28,422 --> 00:28:31,904
也许是这样的：“我把钥匙放在哪里了？”

796
00:28:31,914 --> 00:28:34,618
          

797
00:28:34,628 --> 00:28:37,746
许多声波在神经元的记忆中回响。

798
00:28:37,756 --> 00:28:37,955
          

799
00:28:37,965 --> 00:28:39,752
我很快就抓住了音乐。

800
00:28:39,762 --> 00:28:39,957
          

801
00:28:39,967 --> 00:28:44,291
一支完美的管弦乐队在我们的脑海中演奏。

802
00:28:44,301 --> 00:28:49,700
          

803
00:28:49,710 --> 00:28:53,966
如果你观察人类的大脑皮层，就会发现有很深的沟渠。

804
00:28:53,976 --> 00:28:54,171
          

805
00:28:54,181 --> 00:28:55,604
这是有充分理由的。

806
00:28:55,614 --> 00:28:55,806
          

807
00:28:55,816 --> 00:28:57,296
这些脑部皱纹

808
00:28:57,306 --> 00:28:57,508
          

809
00:28:57,518 --> 00:29:01,501
头骨中可用于信息存储的表面积有限

810
00:29:01,511 --> 00:29:01,712
          

811
00:29:01,722 --> 00:29:05,011
它已显着增加。

812
00:29:05,021 --> 00:29:09,353
          

813
00:29:09,363 --> 00:29:12,516
思想世界分为两个半球。

814
00:29:12,526 --> 00:29:12,723
          

815
00:29:12,733 --> 00:29:15,453
在大脑皮层的右半球

816
00:29:15,463 --> 00:29:15,659
          

817
00:29:15,669 --> 00:29:21,623
它主要负责模式识别、直觉、敏感性和创造性洞察力。

818
00:29:21,633 --> 00:29:21,832
          

819
00:29:21,842 --> 00:29:24,027
在外半球这里

820
00:29:24,037 --> 00:29:24,235
          

821
00:29:24,245 --> 00:29:28,399
理性、分析和批判性思维占主导地位。

822
00:29:28,409 --> 00:29:33,978
          

823
00:29:33,988 --> 00:29:37,072
基本功能冲突

824
00:29:37,082 --> 00:29:37,281
          

825
00:29:37,291 --> 00:29:41,308
由于大脑的两个半球相互补充，

826
00:29:41,318 --> 00:29:41,519
          

827
00:29:41,529 --> 00:29:43,487
体现了人类意识的特征。

828
00:29:43,497 --> 00:29:43,687
          

829
00:29:43,697 --> 00:29:46,247
在我们有意识地行动之前

830
00:29:46,257 --> 00:29:46,457
          

831
00:29:46,467 --> 00:29:50,518
一方面，他们提出了一个想法
对方考察这个想法是否可行。

832
00:29:50,528 --> 00:29:50,728
          

833
00:29:50,738 --> 00:29:55,028
大脑两个半球之间称为胼胝体。

834
00:29:55,038 --> 00:29:55,232
          

835
00:29:55,242 --> 00:29:59,601
它们通过大量的神经纤维进行交流。

836
00:29:59,611 --> 00:29:59,804
          

837
00:29:59,814 --> 00:30:02,568
我们不断交换信息。

838
00:30:02,578 --> 00:30:02,773
          

839
00:30:02,783 --> 00:30:07,107
这是创造和分析之间的桥梁。

840
00:30:07,117 --> 00:30:07,311
          

841
00:30:07,321 --> 00:30:11,372
如果我们想了解世界，这两件事是必不可少的。

842
00:30:11,382 --> 00:30:12,917
          

843
00:30:12,927 --> 00:30:16,962
用比特来表示人脑中的信息量意味着

844
00:30:16,972 --> 00:30:17,021
          

845
00:30:17,031 --> 00:30:20,562
大脑皮层中约 100 万亿个神经元

846
00:30:20,572 --> 00:30:20,572
          

847
00:30:20,582 --> 00:30:26,158
它将类似于连接部件的总数。

848
00:30:26,168 --> 00:30:26,363
          

849
00:30:26,373 --> 00:30:29,821
假设你用英语录音，
这是一堆2000万本书

850
00:30:29,831 --> 00:30:30,034
          

851
00:30:30,044 --> 00:30:32,502
这相当于世界上最大的图书馆。

852
00:30:32,512 --> 00:30:32,703
          

853
00:30:32,713 --> 00:30:36,264
相当于2000万本书的信息

854
00:30:36,274 --> 00:30:36,474
          

855
00:30:36,484 --> 00:30:38,840
它就在我们每个人的内心。

856
00:30:38,850 --> 00:30:39,043
          

857
00:30:39,053 --> 00:30:43,776
大脑占据的空间非常小。
这实际上是一个很大的地方。

858
00:30:43,786 --> 00:30:45,850
          

859
00:30:45,860 --> 00:30:50,310
大脑中的大部分书籍都位于大脑皮层中。

860
00:30:50,320 --> 00:30:50,521
          

861
00:30:50,531 --> 00:30:53,422
在这里，在我们大脑的最底层，我们的祖先

862
00:30:53,432 --> 00:30:53,624
          

863
00:30:53,634 --> 00:30:57,851
它主要依赖某些功能来生存。

864
00:30:57,861 --> 00:30:58,062
          

865
00:30:58,072 --> 00:31:01,054
攻击、养育、交配

866
00:31:01,064 --> 00:31:01,265
          

867
00:31:01,275 --> 00:31:03,756
他们有盲目追随领导者的倾向。

868
00:31:03,766 --> 00:31:03,968
          

869
00:31:03,978 --> 00:31:07,369
今天我们可以做很多事情来证明我们还活着。

870
00:31:07,379 --> 00:31:07,571
          

871
00:31:07,581 --> 00:31:09,664
比如阅读、写作、口语

872
00:31:09,674 --> 00:31:09,874
          

873
00:31:09,884 --> 00:31:13,734
大脑的高级功能是

874
00:31:13,744 --> 00:31:13,944
          

875
00:31:13,954 --> 00:31:18,847
它位于大脑皮层的一个特殊区域。

876
00:31:18,857 --> 00:31:19,049
          

877
00:31:19,059 --> 00:31:21,244
另一方面，每个记忆

878
00:31:21,254 --> 00:31:21,452
          

879
00:31:21,462 --> 00:31:25,855
它存储在大脑中许多不同的地方。

880
00:31:25,865 --> 00:31:26,056
          

881
00:31:26,066 --> 00:31:28,752
旧的记忆占据了很多空间。

882
00:31:28,762 --> 00:31:35,633
          

883
00:31:35,643 --> 00:31:37,464
这是我童年的回忆之一。

884
00:31:37,474 --> 00:31:46,810
          

885
00:31:46,820 --> 00:31:48,072
嘿~

886
00:31:48,082 --> 00:31:48,279
          

887
00:31:48,289 --> 00:31:50,611
午餐快准备好了。

888
00:31:50,621 --> 00:32:13,904
          

889
00:32:13,914 --> 00:32:16,099
这是很久以前的事了。

890
00:32:16,109 --> 00:32:18,108
          

891
00:32:18,118 --> 00:32:23,980
但这些记忆并没有从大脑图书馆中消失。

892
00:32:23,990 --> 00:32:31,522
          

893
00:32:31,532 --> 00:32:34,855
但大脑的能力不仅仅是回忆。

894
00:32:34,865 --> 00:32:35,059
          

895
00:32:35,069 --> 00:32:36,287
相互比较一下，

896
00:32:36,297 --> 00:32:36,493
          

897
00:32:36,503 --> 00:32:38,893
综合、分析、

898
00:32:38,903 --> 00:32:39,096
          

899
00:32:39,106 --> 00:32:41,564
它将抽象的事物变为现实。

900
00:32:41,574 --> 00:32:46,704
          

901
00:32:46,714 --> 00:32:49,434
最简单的想法，例如数字的概念，是

902
00:32:49,444 --> 00:32:49,640
          

903
00:32:49,650 --> 00:32:51,938
它是根据逻辑精心创建的。

904
00:32:51,948 --> 00:32:52,142
          

905
00:32:52,152 --> 00:32:53,803
大脑维持着世界的系统和连贯性。

906
00:32:53,813 --> 00:32:54,011
          

907
00:32:54,021 --> 00:32:56,878
它有自己的语言可供测试。

908
00:32:56,888 --> 00:32:57,081
          

909
00:32:57,091 --> 00:32:59,641
但我们从来没有看到逻辑分析的过程，

910
00:32:59,651 --> 00:32:59,850
          

911
00:32:59,860 --> 00:33:01,681
只有结果。

912
00:33:01,691 --> 00:33:03,587
          

913
00:33:03,597 --> 00:33:06,317
我们知道的比我们的基因所能知道的还要多

914
00:33:06,327 --> 00:33:06,523
          

915
00:33:06,533 --> 00:33:08,184
你必须明白。

916
00:33:08,194 --> 00:33:08,392
          

917
00:33:08,402 --> 00:33:13,423
大脑图书馆比基因图书馆更好

918
00:33:13,433 --> 00:33:13,458
          

919
00:33:13,468 --> 00:33:16,098
这就是为什么我们拥有多一万倍的信息。

920
00:33:16,108 --> 00:33:16,300
          

921
00:33:16,310 --> 00:33:20,999
我们对学习的热情是生存的工具。

922
00:33:21,009 --> 00:33:26,277
          

923
00:33:26,287 --> 00:33:30,213
而且它不像传统的与遗传书籍的组合。

924
00:33:30,223 --> 00:33:30,414
          

925
00:33:30,424 --> 00:33:32,848
Brain Library 的设计使您可以从书中删除和插入页面。

926
00:33:32,858 --> 00:33:33,050
          

927
00:33:33,060 --> 00:33:36,713
它是用一个多世纪以来几乎没有变化的语言写成的。

928
00:33:36,723 --> 00:33:36,920
          

929
00:33:36,930 --> 00:33:40,879
我们不断添加新的页面和卷。

930
00:33:40,889 --> 00:33:48,966
          

931
00:33:48,976 --> 00:33:52,629
情绪和有意识行为的模式

932
00:33:52,639 --> 00:33:52,836
          

933
00:33:52,846 --> 00:33:54,633
它根植于我们内心深处。

934
00:33:54,643 --> 00:33:54,838
          

935
00:33:54,848 --> 00:33:57,739
它们使我们成为人类。

936
00:33:57,749 --> 00:33:57,941
          

937
00:33:57,951 --> 00:34:00,501
但它们并不是人类的特征。

938
00:34:00,511 --> 00:34:00,711
          

939
00:34:00,721 --> 00:34:02,702
许多其他动物也能感受到情绪。

940
00:34:02,712 --> 00:34:02,913
          

941
00:34:02,923 --> 00:34:06,542
我们这个物种的独特之处在于思维。

942
00:34:06,552 --> 00:34:06,750
          

943
00:34:06,760 --> 00:34:11,619
从这方面来说，大脑皮层得到了解放。

944
00:34:11,629 --> 00:34:11,822
          

945
00:34:11,832 --> 00:34:13,949
我们不再像蜥蜴或狒狒。

946
00:34:13,959 --> 00:34:14,158
          

947
00:34:14,168 --> 00:34:17,184
与遗传行为模式有关

948
00:34:17,194 --> 00:34:17,394
          

949
00:34:17,404 --> 00:34:19,726
没有必要。

950
00:34:19,736 --> 00:34:19,930
          

951
00:34:19,940 --> 00:34:22,558
领土性和好战性

952
00:34:22,568 --> 00:34:22,766
          

953
00:34:22,776 --> 00:34:25,166
类似于统治阶级制度。

954
00:34:25,176 --> 00:34:25,369
          

955
00:34:25,379 --> 00:34:26,836
我们在我们的大脑中

956
00:34:26,846 --> 00:34:27,037
          

957
00:34:27,047 --> 00:34:30,564
你必须对你的投入承担很大的责任
每个人都是一个成熟的人。

958
00:34:30,574 --> 00:34:30,774
          

959
00:34:30,784 --> 00:34:34,972
关于您关心的人以及您需要了解的内容

960
00:34:34,982 --> 00:34:35,179
          

961
00:34:35,189 --> 00:34:36,771
你必须知道如何对自己负责。

962
00:34:36,781 --> 00:34:36,980
          

963
00:34:36,990 --> 00:34:40,006
你不再需要按照你的爬行动物大脑告诉你的生活。

964
00:34:40,016 --> 00:34:40,217
          

965
00:34:40,227 --> 00:34:43,618
我们可以改变自己。

966
00:34:43,628 --> 00:34:43,821
          

967
00:34:43,831 --> 00:34:46,085
这是对发展潜力的估计。

968
00:34:46,095 --> 00:35:17,721
          

969
00:35:17,731 --> 00:35:19,712
城市就像大脑一样

970
00:35:19,722 --> 00:35:19,923
          

971
00:35:19,933 --> 00:35:22,391
它一直在不断发展。

972
00:35:22,401 --> 00:35:22,593
          

973
00:35:22,603 --> 00:35:25,391
这座城市位于现代建筑之间

974
00:35:25,401 --> 00:35:25,596
          

975
00:35:25,606 --> 00:35:28,895
它仍然保留着过去的痕迹。

976
00:35:28,905 --> 00:35:37,207
          

977
00:35:37,217 --> 00:35:40,040
像纽约这样的城市都是从小中心发展起来的。

978
00:35:40,050 --> 00:35:40,244
          

979
00:35:40,254 --> 00:35:44,180
它发展缓慢，许多旧部件仍然保留其功能。

980
00:35:44,190 --> 00:35:44,381
          

981
00:35:44,391 --> 00:35:47,350
主要街道的部分历史可追溯至 17 世纪。

982
00:35:47,360 --> 00:35:47,551
          

983
00:35:47,561 --> 00:35:50,179
商业中心建于18世纪。

984
00:35:50,189 --> 00:35:50,387
          

985
00:35:50,397 --> 00:35:52,753
水和煤气设施建于19世纪。

986
00:35:52,763 --> 00:35:52,956
          

987
00:35:52,966 --> 00:35:57,256
电力和通讯设施创建于20世纪。

988
00:35:57,266 --> 00:36:07,604
          

989
00:36:07,614 --> 00:36:10,596
城市的发展速度与大脑一样快。

990
00:36:10,606 --> 00:36:10,808
          

991
00:36:10,818 --> 00:36:12,673
就在一万年前

992
00:36:12,683 --> 00:36:12,876
          

993
00:36:12,886 --> 00:36:15,106
人类的大脑变成了今天的样子

994
00:36:15,116 --> 00:36:15,312
          

995
00:36:15,322 --> 00:36:16,779
直到那时我才开始变得聪明。

996
00:36:16,789 --> 00:36:16,980
          

997
00:36:16,990 --> 00:36:18,379
但这座城市并不存在

998
00:36:18,389 --> 00:36:18,582
          

999
00:36:18,592 --> 00:36:23,383
广阔的原始森林中，只有零星的几个定居点。

1000
00:36:23,393 --> 00:36:23,587
          

1001
00:36:23,597 --> 00:36:25,384
今天的情况恰恰相反。

1002
00:36:25,394 --> 00:36:25,589
          

1003
00:36:25,599 --> 00:36:30,526
森林和草原看起来就像散布在城市海洋中的岛屿。

1004
00:36:30,536 --> 00:36:32,162
          

1005
00:36:32,172 --> 00:36:34,289
如果你从外星世界观察

1006
00:36:34,299 --> 00:36:34,498
          

1007
00:36:34,508 --> 00:36:36,659
过去数千年来发生的一系列复杂事件。

1008
00:36:36,669 --> 00:36:36,867
          

1009
00:36:36,877 --> 00:36:39,859
您可能已经注意到了一些事情。

1010
00:36:39,869 --> 00:36:40,070
          

1011
00:36:40,080 --> 00:36:42,937
当您进行详细计算时，您可能会意识到这一点。

1012
00:36:42,947 --> 00:36:43,140
          

1013
00:36:43,150 --> 00:36:45,540
城市的复杂性是对智慧生活的挑战。

1014
00:36:45,550 --> 00:36:45,742
          

1015
00:36:45,752 --> 00:36:48,540
您将能够将其视为明确无误的证据。

1016
00:36:48,550 --> 00:36:49,546
          

1017
00:36:49,556 --> 00:36:51,605
如果你仔细观察，你会发现每个人

1018
00:36:51,615 --> 00:36:51,815
          

1019
00:36:51,825 --> 00:36:53,544
我们将能够识别智慧生命形式。

1020
00:36:53,554 --> 00:36:59,690
          

1021
00:36:59,700 --> 00:37:03,387
城市的演变源于其仪式活动。

1022
00:37:03,397 --> 00:37:03,994
          

1023
00:37:04,004 --> 00:37:07,452
数以百万计的人类或多或少都拥有

1024
00:37:07,462 --> 00:37:07,664
          

1025
00:37:07,674 --> 00:37:10,428
维护和复兴城市

1026
00:37:10,438 --> 00:37:10,634
          

1027
00:37:10,644 --> 00:37:12,124
我们正在努力改变这一点。

1028
00:37:12,134 --> 00:37:25,716
          

1029
00:37:25,726 --> 00:37:28,685
如果每个城市的制度都是从上到下

1030
00:37:28,695 --> 00:37:28,886
          

1031
00:37:28,896 --> 00:37:31,650
如果定期更换，效果会更佳。

1032
00:37:31,660 --> 00:37:31,855
          

1033
00:37:31,865 --> 00:37:33,550
但就像在大脑中一样

1034
00:37:33,560 --> 00:37:33,757
          

1035
00:37:33,767 --> 00:37:36,590
一切都必须在更新的同时发挥其功能。

1036
00:37:36,600 --> 00:37:36,793
          

1037
00:37:36,803 --> 00:37:38,693
所以城市主要发挥一定的功能。

1038
00:37:38,703 --> 00:37:38,896
          

1039
00:37:38,906 --> 00:37:42,627
添加新部件，同时保留旧部件。

1040
00:37:42,637 --> 00:37:45,836
          

1041
00:37:45,846 --> 00:37:47,997
例如，在17世纪

1042
00:37:48,007 --> 00:37:48,205
          

1043
00:37:48,215 --> 00:37:50,366
当您在布鲁克林和曼哈顿之间旅行时

1044
00:37:50,376 --> 00:37:50,574
          

1045
00:37:50,584 --> 00:37:52,804
我们不得不乘渡轮过东河。

1046
00:37:52,814 --> 00:37:53,010
          

1047
00:37:53,020 --> 00:37:56,537
到了19世纪，技术已经发展成为横跨河流的吊桥。

1048
00:37:56,547 --> 00:37:56,747
          

1049
00:37:56,757 --> 00:37:58,544
它使施工成为可能。

1050
00:37:58,554 --> 00:37:58,749
          

1051
00:37:58,759 --> 00:38:01,775
它正是在渡轮码头的旧址上建造的。

1052
00:38:01,785 --> 00:38:01,985
          

1053
00:38:01,995 --> 00:38:05,682
主要道路已经在那里汇合。

1054
00:38:05,692 --> 00:38:06,924
          

1055
00:38:06,934 --> 00:38:10,052
即使可以在河下修建隧道

1056
00:38:10,062 --> 00:38:10,260
          

1057
00:38:10,270 --> 00:38:14,560
建在同一个地方，出于同样的原因。

1058
00:38:14,570 --> 00:38:14,765
          

1059
00:38:14,775 --> 00:38:18,531
为了新的目的而使用和重组旧系统是

1060
00:38:18,541 --> 00:38:18,735
          

1061
00:38:18,745 --> 00:38:22,136
这与生物进化的模式非常相似。

1062
00:38:22,146 --> 00:38:22,339
          

1063
00:38:22,349 --> 00:38:24,773
或者，如果我们考虑这三个

1064
00:38:24,783 --> 00:38:24,975
          

1065
00:38:24,985 --> 00:38:26,465
在17世纪...

1066
00:38:26,475 --> 00:38:26,677
          

1067
00:38:26,687 --> 00:38:30,545
人们通过骑马或步行到达定居点。

1068
00:38:30,555 --> 00:38:31,048
          

1069
00:38:31,058 --> 00:38:33,778
不久之后，
车夫们用鞭子抽打他们，

1070
00:38:33,788 --> 00:38:33,984
          

1071
00:38:33,994 --> 00:38:37,385
一辆大四轮马车就这样诞生了，马匹在周围驰骋。

1072
00:38:37,395 --> 00:38:37,988
          

1073
00:38:37,998 --> 00:38:41,651
后来，它们被马车所取代。

1074
00:38:41,661 --> 00:38:41,858
          

1075
00:38:41,868 --> 00:38:45,225
当固定在主要街道上的铁轨叮当作响时，就会发出声音。

1076
00:38:45,235 --> 00:38:45,429
          

1077
00:38:45,439 --> 00:38:47,920
后来电气技术发展起来

1078
00:38:47,930 --> 00:38:48,131
          

1079
00:38:48,141 --> 00:38:51,760
修建了大大改善的铁路

1080
00:38:51,770 --> 00:38:52,736
          

1081
00:38:52,746 --> 00:38:56,536
它被称为高架铁路3-ga，
直至1954年被彻底拆除。

1082
00:38:56,546 --> 00:38:56,740
          

1083
00:38:56,750 --> 00:39:01,109
统治街道。   

1084
00:39:01,119 --> 00:39:01,311
          

1085
00:39:01,321 --> 00:39:06,248
不管怎样，高架铁路街被公共汽车和出租车重组了。

1086
00:39:06,258 --> 00:39:06,516
          

1087
00:39:06,526 --> 00:39:08,746
作为3-ga的公共交通

1088
00:39:08,756 --> 00:39:08,952
          

1089
00:39:08,962 --> 00:39:11,182
它仍然保持着它的主要形式。

1090
00:39:11,192 --> 00:39:11,989
          

1091
00:39:11,999 --> 00:39:15,083
现在汽油已经成为稀有必需品，

1092
00:39:15,093 --> 00:39:15,292
          

1093
00:39:15,302 --> 00:39:18,819
内燃机将被其他发动机取代。

1094
00:39:18,829 --> 00:39:19,029
          

1095
00:39:19,039 --> 00:39:23,966
大概是21世纪的三艘公共交通船我不太了解。

1096
00:39:23,976 --> 00:39:24,501
          

1097
00:39:24,511 --> 00:39:29,234
通过气动管移动
它可能是一辆电动汽车。

1098
00:39:29,244 --> 00:39:30,040
          

1099
00:39:30,050 --> 00:39:34,306
三价交通演变的各个阶段

1100
00:39:34,316 --> 00:39:34,511
          

1101
00:39:34,521 --> 00:39:36,706
根据17世纪首次建立的方法

1102
00:39:36,716 --> 00:39:36,913
          

1103
00:39:36,923 --> 00:39:41,045
做得很仔细。

1104
00:39:41,055 --> 00:39:41,251
          

1105
00:39:41,261 --> 00:39:45,347
但脑子还在
我比这座城市更加谨慎。

1106
00:39:45,357 --> 00:39:45,589
          

1107
00:39:45,599 --> 00:39:49,389
如果这是一个大脑，我们可能会有一辆马车

1108
00:39:49,399 --> 00:39:49,593
          

1109
00:39:49,603 --> 00:39:51,288
高架铁路、公交车等

1110
00:39:51,298 --> 00:39:51,495
          

1111
00:39:51,505 --> 00:39:53,986
一切都同时移动

1112
00:39:53,996 --> 00:39:54,197
          

1113
00:39:54,207 --> 00:39:56,722
冗长、竞争激烈
这将是一个国家。

1114
00:39:56,732 --> 00:39:56,933
          

1115
00:39:56,943 --> 00:39:59,800
过去历史的痕迹仍然是清晰的证据。

1116
00:39:59,810 --> 00:40:10,881
          

1117
00:40:10,891 --> 00:40:13,315
我们的基因中需要什么来生存

1118
00:40:13,325 --> 00:40:13,517
          

1119
00:40:13,527 --> 00:40:16,247
当所有信息无法保存时

1120
00:40:16,257 --> 00:40:16,453
          

1121
00:40:16,463 --> 00:40:19,616
我们慢慢开始发明大脑

1122
00:40:19,626 --> 00:40:20,357
          

1123
00:40:20,367 --> 00:40:24,987
但我们想要更多的知识

1124
00:40:24,997 --> 00:40:25,262
          

1125
00:40:25,272 --> 00:40:27,389
直到它以适当的形式存储在大脑中。

1126
00:40:27,399 --> 00:40:27,597
          

1127
00:40:27,607 --> 00:40:29,997
大概花了一万年的时间。

1128
00:40:30,007 --> 00:40:33,770
          

1129
00:40:33,780 --> 00:40:39,698
所以我们有大量的
学会储备信息。

1130
00:40:39,708 --> 00:40:39,910
          

1131
00:40:39,920 --> 00:40:42,879
据我所知，我们发明了共同记忆。

1132
00:40:42,889 --> 00:40:43,080
          

1133
00:40:43,090 --> 00:40:46,106
它是地球上唯一的物种。

1134
00:40:46,116 --> 00:40:46,316
          

1135
00:40:46,326 --> 00:40:49,911
记忆的仓库称为图书馆。

1136
00:40:49,921 --> 00:40:52,622
          

1137
00:40:52,632 --> 00:40:54,453
图书馆也在不断发展。

1138
00:40:54,463 --> 00:40:54,658
          

1139
00:40:54,668 --> 00:40:56,853
亚述巴尼拔的亚述图书馆

1140
00:40:56,863 --> 00:40:57,060
          

1141
00:40:57,070 --> 00:40:59,392
它有一千块泥板。

1142
00:40:59,402 --> 00:40:59,596
          

1143
00:40:59,606 --> 00:41:02,497
埃及亚历山大纪念图书馆

1144
00:41:02,507 --> 00:41:02,699
          

1145
00:41:02,709 --> 00:41:05,827
它拥有近百万卷纸莎草卷轴。

1146
00:41:05,837 --> 00:41:06,036
          

1147
00:41:06,046 --> 00:41:09,335
比如纽约公共图书馆
大型现代化图书馆

1148
00:41:09,345 --> 00:41:09,539
          

1149
00:41:09,549 --> 00:41:12,531
我们大约有 1000 万本书。

1150
00:41:12,541 --> 00:41:15,579
          

1151
00:41:15,589 --> 00:41:20,016
字母中的信息大于10的14位次方。

1152
00:41:20,026 --> 00:41:20,217
          

1153
00:41:20,227 --> 00:41:24,244
也就是说超过100万亿比特，
如果我们看图片

1154
00:41:24,254 --> 00:41:24,454
          

1155
00:41:24,464 --> 00:41:28,481
它相当于 10 的 15 位信息位次方。

1156
00:41:28,491 --> 00:41:28,692
          

1157
00:41:28,702 --> 00:41:30,853
这是一些遗传信息

1158
00:41:30,863 --> 00:41:31,061
          

1159
00:41:31,071 --> 00:41:34,121
总共是一万倍。

1160
00:41:34,131 --> 00:41:34,331
          

1161
00:41:34,341 --> 00:41:35,889
我们大脑中信息的总和

1162
00:41:35,899 --> 00:41:36,099
          

1163
00:41:36,109 --> 00:41:39,500
那是10倍多。

1164
00:41:39,510 --> 00:41:39,703
          

1165
00:41:39,713 --> 00:41:42,365
我整个成年生活每周一本书。

1166
00:41:42,375 --> 00:41:42,572
          

1167
00:41:42,582 --> 00:41:45,268
假设你正在看书

1168
00:41:45,278 --> 00:41:45,475
          

1169
00:41:45,485 --> 00:41:47,443
假设您的寿命处于平均水平。

1170
00:41:47,453 --> 00:41:47,644
          

1171
00:41:47,654 --> 00:41:48,872
当我做这一切的时候

1172
00:41:48,882 --> 00:41:49,079
          

1173
00:41:49,089 --> 00:41:52,571
我可能只读了几千本书。

1174
00:41:52,581 --> 00:41:52,783
          

1175
00:41:52,793 --> 00:41:54,045
不再。

1176
00:41:54,055 --> 00:41:54,251
          

1177
00:41:54,261 --> 00:41:58,915
在图书馆，从这里开始

1178
00:41:58,925 --> 00:42:04,227
          

1179
00:42:04,237 --> 00:42:05,660
大致

1180
00:42:05,670 --> 00:42:07,364
          

1181
00:42:07,374 --> 00:42:09,855
现在就这样。

1182
00:42:09,865 --> 00:42:10,066
          

1183
00:42:10,076 --> 00:42:13,126
但这是图书馆的图书总数

1184
00:42:13,136 --> 00:42:13,336
          

1185
00:42:13,346 --> 00:42:16,032
这个数额仅为 1/1000 (1/10%)。

1186
00:42:16,042 --> 00:42:16,239
          

1187
00:42:16,249 --> 00:42:20,369
坚持读书是获得知识的秘诀。

1188
00:42:20,379 --> 00:42:22,245
          

1189
00:42:22,255 --> 00:42:24,805
而且书都在这里。

1190
00:42:24,815 --> 00:42:34,124
          

1191
00:42:34,134 --> 00:42:38,151
书籍有哪些让我们惊讶的地方？

1192
00:42:38,161 --> 00:42:38,361
          

1193
00:42:38,371 --> 00:42:41,853
它由木材制成，具有良好的柔韧性。

1194
00:42:41,863 --> 00:42:42,065
          

1195
00:42:42,075 --> 00:42:46,502
有很多黑色卷曲的扁平物体

1196
00:42:46,512 --> 00:42:46,703
          

1197
00:42:46,713 --> 00:42:49,638
我把它按下去。

1198
00:42:49,648 --> 00:42:49,840
          

1199
00:42:49,850 --> 00:42:52,070
但只要看看这个

1200
00:42:52,080 --> 00:42:52,275
          

1201
00:42:52,285 --> 00:42:55,108
你在别人心里。

1202
00:42:55,118 --> 00:42:55,312
          

1203
00:42:55,322 --> 00:42:59,043
也许有人在一千年前就死了。

1204
00:42:59,053 --> 00:42:59,249
          

1205
00:42:59,259 --> 00:43:01,217
跨越一千年

1206
00:43:01,227 --> 00:43:01,418
          

1207
00:43:01,428 --> 00:43:04,945
作者直接把它放在我们的脑海里

1208
00:43:04,955 --> 00:43:05,155
          

1209
00:43:05,165 --> 00:43:08,056
它说得清楚、简洁。

1210
00:43:08,066 --> 00:43:08,258
          

1211
00:43:08,268 --> 00:43:12,251
书写是人类最伟大的发明。

1212
00:43:12,261 --> 00:43:12,462
          

1213
00:43:12,472 --> 00:43:15,397
它将素不相识的人们聚集在一起。

1214
00:43:15,407 --> 00:43:15,599
          

1215
00:43:15,609 --> 00:43:18,363
与生活在遥远过去的公民一样的人们。

1216
00:43:18,373 --> 00:43:18,568
          

1217
00:43:18,578 --> 00:43:21,935
书籍帮助我摆脱了时间的束缚。

1218
00:43:21,945 --> 00:43:22,138
          

1219
00:43:22,148 --> 00:43:27,075
书籍证明人类有能力创造魔法。

1220
00:43:27,085 --> 00:43:27,344
          

1221
00:43:27,354 --> 00:43:30,677
这个房间充满了魔力。

1222
00:43:30,687 --> 00:43:32,883
          

1223
00:43:32,893 --> 00:43:39,612
一些最早的作家在骨头或石头上写作。

1224
00:43:39,622 --> 00:43:39,823
          

1225
00:43:39,833 --> 00:43:44,123
楔形文字是西方字母的远亲。

1226
00:43:44,133 --> 00:43:44,327
          

1227
00:43:44,337 --> 00:43:48,229
5000年前，它在近东被发现。

1228
00:43:48,239 --> 00:43:48,431
          

1229
00:43:48,441 --> 00:43:50,058
这样做的目的是什么？

1230
00:43:50,068 --> 00:43:50,267
          

1231
00:43:50,277 --> 00:43:51,359
这是为了记录目的。

1232
00:43:51,369 --> 00:43:51,568
          

1233
00:43:51,578 --> 00:43:56,265
买卖粮食和土地，国王的功绩，

1234
00:43:56,275 --> 00:43:56,472
          

1235
00:43:56,482 --> 00:44:00,272
牧师的规则和对上帝的祈祷

1236
00:44:00,282 --> 00:44:00,476
          

1237
00:44:00,486 --> 00:44:04,643
它被记录下来。

1238
00:44:04,653 --> 00:44:04,848
          

1239
00:44:04,858 --> 00:44:10,308
这个圆锥体创建于公元前 2350 年左右。

1240
00:44:10,318 --> 00:44:10,520
          

1241
00:44:10,530 --> 00:44:16,416
4,300 年前，有人在这些锥体上凿刻信息。

1242
00:44:16,426 --> 00:44:16,626
          

1243
00:44:16,636 --> 00:44:18,423
那条信息是什么？

1244
00:44:18,433 --> 00:44:18,628
          

1245
00:44:18,638 --> 00:44:20,425
这就是起源。

1246
00:44:20,435 --> 00:44:20,630
          

1247
00:44:20,640 --> 00:44:26,962
国王的荣誉刻在这个锥体上。

1248
00:44:26,972 --> 00:44:27,904
          

1249
00:44:27,914 --> 00:44:32,238
公元前六世纪巴比伦国王
尼布甲尼撒

1250
00:44:32,248 --> 00:44:32,442
          

1251
00:44:32,452 --> 00:44:36,105
几千年来，艺术家们一直在石头上雕刻，

1252
00:44:36,115 --> 00:44:36,313
          

1253
00:44:36,323 --> 00:44:40,340
在蜡、树皮或皮革上刮擦

1254
00:44:40,350 --> 00:44:40,550
          

1255
00:44:40,560 --> 00:44:44,452
我在竹子、丝绸和纸上画画。

1256
00:44:44,462 --> 00:44:44,654
          

1257
00:44:44,664 --> 00:44:47,851
然而，你总是只能留下一件作品。

1258
00:44:47,861 --> 00:44:48,058
          

1259
00:44:48,068 --> 00:44:53,688
除了那些打算刻在纪念碑上的作品外，艺术品总是

1260
00:44:53,698 --> 00:44:53,897
          

1261
00:44:53,907 --> 00:44:55,956
它是为少数读者设计的。

1262
00:44:55,966 --> 00:45:09,045
          

1263
00:45:09,055 --> 00:45:12,344
但后来在中国

1264
00:45:12,354 --> 00:45:12,549
          

1265
00:45:12,559 --> 00:45:15,279
2世纪至6世纪之间

1266
00:45:15,289 --> 00:45:15,485
          

1267
00:45:15,495 --> 00:45:19,444
在纸、油墨和木板上雕刻印刷

1268
00:45:19,454 --> 00:45:19,656
          

1269
00:45:19,666 --> 00:45:22,250
而且一切都是发明的

1270
00:45:22,260 --> 00:45:22,459
          

1271
00:45:22,469 --> 00:45:27,396
该作品的许多副本继续被制作和分发。

1272
00:45:27,406 --> 00:45:27,664
          

1273
00:45:27,674 --> 00:45:32,684
这是12世纪的中国魔法。

1274
00:45:32,694 --> 00:45:34,604
          

1275
00:45:34,614 --> 00:45:37,038
这个想法开始流行
距离比较远

1276
00:45:37,048 --> 00:45:37,240
          

1277
00:45:37,250 --> 00:45:40,368
欧洲进展缓慢
花了1000多年的时间。

1278
00:45:40,378 --> 00:45:40,577
          

1279
00:45:40,587 --> 00:45:46,978
直到大约1450年，金属活字被发明。

1280
00:45:46,988 --> 00:45:47,183
          

1281
00:45:47,193 --> 00:45:49,981
欧洲只有几万本书。

1282
00:45:49,991 --> 00:45:50,186
          

1283
00:45:50,196 --> 00:45:52,746
每一篇都是手写的。

1284
00:45:52,756 --> 00:45:52,956
          

1285
00:45:52,966 --> 00:45:57,791
五十年后，欧洲印刷了 1000 万本书。

1286
00:45:57,801 --> 00:45:57,994
          

1287
00:45:58,004 --> 00:46:02,260
任何读书的人都可以学习。

1288
00:46:02,270 --> 00:46:02,465
          

1289
00:46:02,475 --> 00:46:05,696
突然，世界各地开始印刷书籍。

1290
00:46:05,706 --> 00:46:05,902
          

1291
00:46:05,912 --> 00:46:08,928
魔法无处不在。

1292
00:46:08,938 --> 00:46:10,740
          

1293
00:46:10,750 --> 00:46:15,109
自亚历山大大图书馆成立以来，已经过去了二十三个世纪。

1294
00:46:15,119 --> 00:46:15,645
          

1295
00:46:15,655 --> 00:46:19,479
那是一百代人的生死时刻。

1296
00:46:19,489 --> 00:46:19,682
          

1297
00:46:19,692 --> 00:46:22,515
如果信息只是通过口口相传，

1298
00:46:22,525 --> 00:46:22,719
          

1299
00:46:22,729 --> 00:46:24,778
我们对自己的过去了解多少？

1300
00:46:24,788 --> 00:46:24,988
          

1301
00:46:24,998 --> 00:46:27,354
我们的进步多么缓慢。

1302
00:46:27,364 --> 00:46:27,557
          

1303
00:46:27,567 --> 00:46:29,787
如果一切都取决于我们所说的话

1304
00:46:29,797 --> 00:46:29,993
          

1305
00:46:30,003 --> 00:46:31,585
依据的准确性如何？

1306
00:46:31,595 --> 00:46:31,795
          

1307
00:46:31,805 --> 00:46:33,592
你可能很重视祖先的教诲，但是

1308
00:46:33,602 --> 00:46:33,797
          

1309
00:46:33,807 --> 00:46:36,891
当它继续下去时，它就变成了一种适应并变得混乱。

1310
00:46:36,901 --> 00:46:37,100
          

1311
00:46:37,110 --> 00:46:38,499
你最终会失去它。

1312
00:46:38,509 --> 00:46:38,701
          

1313
00:46:38,711 --> 00:46:41,636
书籍带我们穿越时空，接触祖先的智慧

1314
00:46:41,646 --> 00:46:41,838
          

1315
00:46:41,848 --> 00:46:44,830
允许我去旅行。

1316
00:46:44,840 --> 00:46:46,543
          

1317
00:46:46,553 --> 00:46:49,910
图书馆提供了伟大的精神世界的知识和

1318
00:46:49,920 --> 00:46:50,113
          

1319
00:46:50,123 --> 00:46:52,843
连接我们

1320
00:46:52,853 --> 00:46:53,049
          

1321
00:46:53,059 --> 00:46:56,075
伟大的老师遍布地球各地和我们的历史。

1322
00:46:56,085 --> 00:46:56,286
          

1323
00:46:56,296 --> 00:46:58,516
他毫无困难地教我

1324
00:46:58,526 --> 00:46:58,721
          

1325
00:46:58,731 --> 00:47:01,554
激励我们

1326
00:47:01,564 --> 00:47:01,758
          

1327
00:47:01,768 --> 00:47:05,421
它为构建人类知识体系做出了贡献。

1328
00:47:05,431 --> 00:47:13,503
          

1329
00:47:13,513 --> 00:47:17,303
大多数古腾堡书籍在世界各地发行。

1330
00:47:17,313 --> 00:47:17,507
          

1331
00:47:17,517 --> 00:47:20,374
莎士比亚的第一版有很多。

1332
00:47:20,384 --> 00:47:20,577
          

1333
00:47:20,587 --> 00:47:22,909
正如你在这里看到的，大多数书籍

1334
00:47:22,919 --> 00:47:23,113
          

1335
00:47:23,123 --> 00:47:27,482
这是现存的非常罕见的限量版。

1336
00:47:27,492 --> 00:47:27,684
          

1337
00:47:27,694 --> 00:47:29,675
但这个世界上，却有廉价的大众版书。

1338
00:47:29,685 --> 00:47:29,886
          

1339
00:47:29,896 --> 00:47:33,253
它大量存在，

1340
00:47:33,263 --> 00:47:33,456
          

1341
00:47:33,466 --> 00:47:37,051
我认为这更令人惊奇。

1342
00:47:37,061 --> 00:47:37,260
          

1343
00:47:37,270 --> 00:47:39,660
您了解罗马的历史

1344
00:47:39,670 --> 00:47:39,863
          

1345
00:47:39,873 --> 00:47:42,593
这是一顿饭的合理价格。

1346
00:47:42,603 --> 00:47:43,233
          

1347
00:47:43,243 --> 00:47:47,169
书籍就像种子：
它们休眠了几个世纪

1348
00:47:47,179 --> 00:47:47,370
          

1349
00:47:47,380 --> 00:47:52,034
有一天，一朵灿烂的花朵可能会在无望的土壤中绽放。

1350
00:47:52,044 --> 00:47:52,242
          

1351
00:47:52,252 --> 00:47:57,179
书籍的范围从基因到大脑甚至书籍。

1352
00:47:57,189 --> 00:47:57,447
          

1353
00:47:57,457 --> 00:48:00,610
在我们漫长的进化历程中

1354
00:48:00,620 --> 00:48:00,817
          

1355
00:48:00,827 --> 00:48:04,480
它是人类知识的宝库。

1356
00:48:04,490 --> 00:48:22,839
          

1357
00:48:22,849 --> 00:48:24,431
在古埃及的图书馆里

1358
00:48:24,441 --> 00:48:24,641
          

1359
00:48:24,651 --> 00:48:26,609
这些话刻在他们的墙上：

1360
00:48:26,619 --> 00:48:27,377
          

1361
00:48:27,387 --> 00:48:30,710
“灵魂的食粮”

1362
00:48:30,720 --> 00:48:31,080
          

1363
00:48:31,090 --> 00:48:35,642
这仍然是图书馆提供的一个重要指标。

1364
00:48:35,652 --> 00:48:52,669
          

1365
00:48:52,679 --> 00:48:55,832
即使在夜晚，这座城市也像一个大脑

1366
00:48:55,842 --> 00:48:56,039
          

1367
00:48:56,049 --> 00:48:58,803
忙于吸收和传播信息。

1368
00:48:58,813 --> 00:48:59,008
          

1369
00:48:59,018 --> 00:49:00,771
信息维持生命，

1370
00:49:00,781 --> 00:49:00,977
          

1371
00:49:00,987 --> 00:49:05,175
提供适应不断变化的环境的工具。

1372
00:49:05,185 --> 00:49:07,250
          

1373
00:49:07,260 --> 00:49:09,462
从基因到大脑或书籍

1374
00:49:09,472 --> 00:49:09,472
          

1375
00:49:09,482 --> 00:49:12,984
人类的漫漫征程还将继续。

1376
00:49:12,994 --> 00:49:17,093
          

1377
00:49:17,103 --> 00:49:18,890
信息自行发展

1378
00:49:18,900 --> 00:49:19,095
          

1379
00:49:19,105 --> 00:49:23,395
受到自由通信网络和探索的滋养。

1380
00:49:23,405 --> 00:49:26,603
          

1381
00:49:26,613 --> 00:49:28,798
生物进化的单位是基因。

1382
00:49:28,808 --> 00:49:29,205
          

1383
00:49:29,215 --> 00:49:31,901
文化进化的单位是思想。

1384
00:49:31,911 --> 00:49:32,108
          

1385
00:49:32,118 --> 00:49:34,406
事故使得环游整个星球成为可能。

1386
00:49:34,416 --> 00:49:34,677
          

1387
00:49:34,687 --> 00:49:36,304
他们通过交通运输而增加。

1388
00:49:36,314 --> 00:49:36,646
          

1389
00:49:36,656 --> 00:49:39,877
他们是通过分析和讨论选出的。

1390
00:49:39,887 --> 00:49:40,083
          

1391
00:49:40,093 --> 00:49:44,179
地球上发生了近千年来从未发生过的奇怪事情。

1392
00:49:44,189 --> 00:49:44,921
          

1393
00:49:44,931 --> 00:49:48,254
来自遥远大陆和人类的大量信息

1394
00:49:48,264 --> 00:49:48,458
          

1395
00:49:48,468 --> 00:49:50,949
现在可以每天使用。

1396
00:49:50,959 --> 00:49:52,395
          

1397
00:49:52,405 --> 00:49:56,856
我们可以访问的比特数量正在呈指数级增长。

1398
00:49:56,866 --> 00:50:01,738
          

1399
00:50:01,748 --> 00:50:04,172
计算机现在存储大量信息。

1400
00:50:04,182 --> 00:50:04,374
          

1401
00:50:04,384 --> 00:50:07,400
它可以非常快速地扩展和处理。

1402
00:50:07,410 --> 00:50:07,610
          

1403
00:50:07,620 --> 00:50:10,374
在我们的一生中，一场伟大的革命已经开始。

1404
00:50:10,384 --> 00:50:10,580
          

1405
00:50:10,590 --> 00:50:12,480
这个改变大概是

1406
00:50:12,490 --> 00:50:12,682
          

1407
00:50:12,692 --> 00:50:15,344
正如 DNA 和神经系统的进化以及书写的发明一样，

1408
00:50:15,354 --> 00:50:15,551
          

1409
00:50:15,561 --> 00:50:17,041
很有意义。

1410
00:50:17,051 --> 00:50:18,187
          

1411
00:50:18,197 --> 00:50:21,554
数十亿人之间的直接沟通

1412
00:50:21,564 --> 00:50:21,758
          

1413
00:50:21,768 --> 00:50:24,955
现在，计算机和卫星使这成为可能。

1414
00:50:24,965 --> 00:50:25,628
          

1415
00:50:25,638 --> 00:50:28,563
为了整个地球的智慧生命
潜力正在显现。

1416
00:50:28,573 --> 00:50:28,765
          

1417
00:50:28,775 --> 00:50:32,963
它将全球意识与地球上的每个大脑连接起来。

1418
00:50:32,973 --> 00:50:36,773
          

1419
00:50:36,783 --> 00:50:38,832
也许在其他地方还有大脑

1420
00:50:38,842 --> 00:50:39,042
          

1421
00:50:39,052 --> 00:50:40,839
我什至不知道它是否像地球的大脑。

1422
00:50:40,849 --> 00:50:41,044
          

1423
00:50:41,054 --> 00:50:43,478
不会有完全像我们一样的大脑。

1424
00:50:43,488 --> 00:50:43,680
          

1425
00:50:43,690 --> 00:50:47,514
突变和自然选择本质上是随机过程。

1426
00:50:47,524 --> 00:50:47,717
          

1427
00:50:47,727 --> 00:50:49,582
如果我们假设地球重新开始，

1428
00:50:49,592 --> 00:50:49,786
          

1429
00:50:49,796 --> 00:50:51,720
智慧生命很可能出现，但是

1430
00:50:51,730 --> 00:50:51,921
          

1431
00:50:51,931 --> 00:50:56,290
没有什么与人类的存在有关。
不存在非常相似的可能性。

1432
00:50:56,300 --> 00:50:57,660
          

1433
00:50:57,670 --> 00:51:02,029
在其他星球上，随机过程会产生不同的结果。

1434
00:51:02,039 --> 00:51:02,231
          

1435
00:51:02,241 --> 00:51:03,926
我们将创造这些特质的传承。

1436
00:51:03,936 --> 00:51:04,133
          

1437
00:51:04,143 --> 00:51:06,328
与地球不同的环境

1438
00:51:06,338 --> 00:51:06,536
          

1439
00:51:06,546 --> 00:51:08,868
选择特殊的基因组合。

1440
00:51:08,878 --> 00:51:09,072
          

1441
00:51:09,082 --> 00:51:11,802
发现与我们非常相似的生物的机会是

1442
00:51:11,812 --> 00:51:12,008
          

1443
00:51:12,018 --> 00:51:13,475
它必须接近于0。

1444
00:51:13,485 --> 00:51:14,043
          

1445
00:51:14,053 --> 00:51:16,102
然而，发现其他形式的智慧生命的机会是

1446
00:51:16,112 --> 00:51:16,312
          

1447
00:51:16,322 --> 00:51:17,404
它并不接近于零。

1448
00:51:17,414 --> 00:51:17,613
          

1449
00:51:17,623 --> 00:51:21,743
他们的大脑就像我们的大脑
它一定是从内部进化而来的。

1450
00:51:21,753 --> 00:51:21,951
          

1451
00:51:21,961 --> 00:51:25,751
它们可能与我们的神经元相似
它可以具有开关元件。

1452
00:51:25,761 --> 00:51:25,955
          

1453
00:51:25,965 --> 00:51:28,150
他们的神经元与我们的不同。

1454
00:51:28,160 --> 00:51:28,358
          

1455
00:51:28,368 --> 00:51:32,021
也许它们的温度非常低。
它可能是一个工作超导体。

1456
00:51:32,031 --> 00:51:32,228
          

1457
00:51:32,238 --> 00:51:35,026
在这种情况下，他们的思维速度是

1458
00:51:35,036 --> 00:51:35,231
          

1459
00:51:35,241 --> 00:51:38,132
它将比我们快一千万倍。

1460
00:51:38,142 --> 00:51:38,868
          

1461
00:51:38,878 --> 00:51:41,769
或者也许它们的神经元各自

1462
00:51:41,779 --> 00:51:41,971
          

1463
00:51:41,981 --> 00:51:44,838
没有直接的身体接触

1464
00:51:44,848 --> 00:51:45,041
          

1465
00:51:45,051 --> 00:51:47,373
无线通信是可能的。

1466
00:51:47,383 --> 00:51:47,577
          

1467
00:51:47,587 --> 00:51:49,340
这种智慧生命的存在

1468
00:51:49,350 --> 00:51:49,545
          

1469
00:51:49,555 --> 00:51:52,912
它可能分散在许多不同的生命形式中。

1470
00:51:52,922 --> 00:51:53,116
          

1471
00:51:53,126 --> 00:51:56,108
一颗可能存在智慧生命的星球

1472
00:51:56,118 --> 00:51:56,319
          

1473
00:51:56,329 --> 00:52:00,483
不是像我们这样的 10 的 11 次方神经元。

1474
00:52:00,493 --> 00:52:00,690
          

1475
00:52:00,700 --> 00:52:03,955
10 的 20 次方或 10 的 30 次方
它可能有神经元。

1476
00:52:03,965 --> 00:52:04,660
          

1477
00:52:04,670 --> 00:52:07,993
我很好奇他们知道什么。

1478
00:52:08,003 --> 00:52:08,197
          

1479
00:52:08,207 --> 00:52:11,088
如果我们可以联系

1480
00:52:11,098 --> 00:52:11,334
          

1481
00:52:11,344 --> 00:52:15,532
他们的大脑有很多有趣的东西
事物将会存在。

1482
00:52:15,542 --> 00:52:16,272
          

1483
00:52:16,282 --> 00:52:17,762
反过来也是如此。

1484
00:52:17,772 --> 00:52:17,974
          

1485
00:52:17,984 --> 00:52:19,874
在我看来，地球以外生命的智慧是

1486
00:52:19,884 --> 00:52:20,076
          

1487
00:52:20,086 --> 00:52:22,874
令人惊讶的是比我们更进化
即使你有智力

1488
00:52:22,884 --> 00:52:23,079
          

1489
00:52:23,089 --> 00:52:26,571
我们知道什么，
我们如何思考，

1490
00:52:26,581 --> 00:52:26,783
          

1491
00:52:26,793 --> 00:52:30,879
我们的进化是如何发生的？
看看未来会发生什么将会很有趣。

1492
00:52:30,889 --> 00:52:31,954
          

1493
00:52:31,964 --> 00:52:35,253
在每个人的大脑中，都会产生电化学刺激的模式。

1494
00:52:35,263 --> 00:52:35,458
          

1495
00:52:35,468 --> 00:52:38,222
它不断地形成和分散。

1496
00:52:38,232 --> 00:52:38,428
          

1497
00:52:38,438 --> 00:52:41,625
它们反映了我们的情感、思想和记忆。

1498
00:52:41,635 --> 00:52:41,831
          

1499
00:52:41,841 --> 00:52:43,992
当录音和放大时

1500
00:52:44,002 --> 00:52:44,200
          

1501
00:52:44,210 --> 00:52:46,964
들 임펄스(자극)의 소리는 같습니다。

1502
00:52:46,974 --> 00:52:49,906
          

1503
00:52:49,916 --> 00:52:52,704
然而外星人的存在

1504
00:52:52,714 --> 00:52:52,909
          

1505
00:52:52,919 --> 00:52:55,935
这些声音所创造的精神
你能读懂吗？

1506
00:52:55,945 --> 00:52:56,145
          

1507
00:52:56,155 --> 00:52:59,171
来自我们这些能做到这一点的人
太远了。

1508
00:52:59,181 --> 00:52:59,916
          

1509
00:52:59,926 --> 00:53:03,374
하지만 사실 우리는 인간의 감정, 사상, 기억들을

1510
00:53:03,384 --> 00:53:03,586
          

1511
00:53:03,596 --> 00:53:07,579
반영한채 들려지고 있는 임펄스(자극)을
将其安装到航海家上

1512
00:53:07,589 --> 00:53:07,790
          

1513
00:53:07,800 --> 00:53:11,453
送给星星。

1514
00:53:11,463 --> 00:53:18,734
          

1515
00:53:18,744 --> 00:53:21,862
1977年8月和9月

1516
00:53:21,872 --> 00:53:22,071
          

1517
00:53:22,081 --> 00:53:24,904
두차례 탐사선은 태양계 밖과 그 넘어로

1518
00:53:24,914 --> 00:53:25,107
          

1519
00:53:25,117 --> 00:53:29,567
서사적인 여행을 위해 발사되었습니다。

1520
00:53:29,577 --> 00:53:30,112
          

1521
00:53:30,122 --> 00:53:34,139
그들의 과학적 임무는 첫째로 거대한 행성인

1522
00:53:34,149 --> 00:53:34,484
          

1523
00:53:34,494 --> 00:53:36,315
木星及其卫星

1524
00:53:36,325 --> 00:53:36,519
          

1525
00:53:36,529 --> 00:53:39,613
그리고 나서 토성과 그것의 위성체계를 찾아내는 것입니다。

1526
00:53:39,623 --> 00:53:47,663
          

1527
00:53:47,673 --> 00:53:50,223
런 거대한 세상과 实例

1528
00:53:50,233 --> 00:53:50,433
          

1529
00:53:50,443 --> 00:53:54,460
航行者号探测器离开太阳系
你会以更快的速度逃脱。

1530
00:53:54,470 --> 00:53:56,739
          

1531
00:53:56,749 --> 00:53:59,503
그들 궤도들의 부수적인 결과 때문에

1532
00:53:59,513 --> 00:53:59,709
          

1533
00:53:59,719 --> 00:54:03,201
他们永远流浪
星星范围内

1534
00:54:03,211 --> 00:54:03,412
          

1535
00:54:03,422 --> 00:54:05,642
我会带着它。

1536
00:54:05,652 --> 00:54:07,550
          

1537
00:54:07,560 --> 00:54:10,542
当航天器穿过太阳系时

1538
00:54:10,552 --> 00:54:10,753
          

1539
00:54:10,763 --> 00:54:13,586
미소운석, 행성의 고리 시스템, 방사선대에 의해

1540
00:54:13,596 --> 00:54:13,789
          

1541
00:54:13,799 --> 00:54:15,848
会一点一点腐蚀。

1542
00:54:15,858 --> 00:54:19,795
          

1543
00:54:19,805 --> 00:54:21,262
但一旦你经过这个星球

1544
00:54:21,272 --> 00:54:21,464
          

1545
00:54:21,474 --> 00:54:24,092
在寒冷、真空的恒星空间中
十亿年

1546
00:54:24,102 --> 00:54:24,300
          

1547
00:54:24,310 --> 00:54:27,701
他们会忍受。

1548
00:54:27,711 --> 00:54:28,738
          

1549
00:54:28,748 --> 00:54:30,433
如果遥远的未来存在外星文明怎么办？

1550
00:54:30,443 --> 00:54:30,640
          

1551
00:54:30,650 --> 00:54:34,269
你也可以沿途乘坐这艘宇宙飞船。

1552
00:54:34,279 --> 00:54:34,477
          

1553
00:54:34,487 --> 00:54:36,069
他们正在调查我们的调查

1554
00:54:36,079 --> 00:54:36,279
          

1555
00:54:36,289 --> 00:54:39,646
关于我们的科学技术
你一定能够明白很多。

1556
00:54:39,656 --> 00:54:40,783
          

1557
00:54:40,793 --> 00:54:44,810
但机器本身将纯粹为其创造者说话。

1558
00:54:44,820 --> 00:54:45,021
          

1559
00:54:45,031 --> 00:54:47,819
所以在每台金唱片留声机上

1560
00:54:47,829 --> 00:54:48,024
          

1561
00:54:48,034 --> 00:54:50,959
不只是地球女人的脑电波

1562
00:54:50,969 --> 00:54:51,160
          

1563
00:54:51,170 --> 00:54:55,756
音乐收藏、照片和我们星球的声音

1564
00:54:55,766 --> 00:54:55,965
          

1565
00:54:55,975 --> 00:54:59,162
用 60 种人类语言打招呼

1566
00:54:59,172 --> 00:54:59,368
          

1567
00:54:59,378 --> 00:55:02,633
它还包括座头鲸的问候声。

1568
00:55:02,643 --> 00:55:02,838
          

1569
00:55:02,848 --> 00:55:06,103
唱片表面发生了什么
我刻下了如何听音乐的技巧，

1570
00:55:06,113 --> 00:55:06,309
          

1571
00:55:06,319 --> 00:55:08,504
我正在看磁盘表面腐蚀的图片。   

1572
00:55:08,514 --> 00:55:08,711
          

1573
00:55:08,721 --> 00:55:12,647
来自遥远世界的阿尔贝家族
还有一个小快照

1574
00:55:12,657 --> 00:55:12,848
          

1575
00:55:12,858 --> 00:55:14,941
包含。

1576
00:55:14,951 --> 00:55:43,779
          

1577
00:55:43,789 --> 00:55:46,612
航行者号的记录漂浮在太空的海洋中。

1578
00:55:46,622 --> 00:55:46,816
          

1579
00:55:46,826 --> 00:55:49,444
这是一个瓶子里的信息。

1580
00:55:49,454 --> 00:55:49,652
          

1581
00:55:49,662 --> 00:55:52,621
这是我们的想法和感受

1582
00:55:52,631 --> 00:55:52,822
          

1583
00:55:52,832 --> 00:55:54,949
我们在基因、大脑和书籍中储存了什么

1584
00:55:54,959 --> 00:55:55,157
          

1585
00:55:55,167 --> 00:55:58,593
它还包括我们的知识。

1586
00:55:58,603 --> 00:56:00,029
          

1587
00:56:00,039 --> 00:56:02,088
无论谁收到这个，

1588
00:56:02,098 --> 00:56:02,298
          

1589
00:56:02,308 --> 00:56:06,234
最好的情况下，您可以拍摄照片或声音
你可能理解得不完全。

1590
00:56:06,244 --> 00:56:06,435
          

1591
00:56:06,445 --> 00:56:08,699
但关于我们的一件事
可能会澄清：

1592
00:56:08,709 --> 00:56:08,904
          

1593
00:56:08,914 --> 00:56:11,702
对未来没有积极的热情

1594
00:56:11,712 --> 00:56:11,907
          

1595
00:56:11,917 --> 00:56:15,070
任何一个有这样旅行经历的人
我们不发送这些消息。

1596
00:56:15,080 --> 00:56:15,277
          

1597
00:56:15,287 --> 00:56:17,745
该消息具有不可预测性的所有可能性，但是

1598
00:56:17,755 --> 00:56:17,947
          

1599
00:56:17,957 --> 00:56:21,110
即使我们不太聪明，他们

1600
00:56:21,120 --> 00:56:21,317
          

1601
00:56:21,327 --> 00:56:25,686
渴望与宇宙接触

1602
00:56:25,696 --> 00:56:25,888
          

1603
00:56:25,898 --> 00:56:30,154
它将向你保证，你是一个充满希望和毅力的物种。