1 00:00:02,201 --> 00:00:04,872 - NARRATOR: America has emerged onto the world stage 2 00:00:05,834 --> 00:00:08,004 rebuilt over the past five decades 3 00:00:08,964 --> 00:00:13,556 by John Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and J.P. Morgan. 4 00:00:15,811 --> 00:00:17,898 They've reigned uncontested for years. 5 00:00:20,696 --> 00:00:23,408 Only now the government is cracking down 6 00:00:23,492 --> 00:00:25,915 on big business in a big way. 7 00:00:28,712 --> 00:00:31,592 - (Blues Saraceno playing "Save My Soul") 8 00:00:42,782 --> 00:00:44,785 ♪ When I got to Memphis ♪ 9 00:00:45,912 --> 00:00:47,624 ♪ I put my old baby down ♪ 10 00:00:48,710 --> 00:00:51,924 ♪ He said I can't take you to Heaven ♪ 11 00:00:53,762 --> 00:00:55,681 ♪ I can't save your soul ♪ 12 00:00:57,060 --> 00:00:58,687 ♪ I can't promise forever ♪ 13 00:00:59,732 --> 00:01:00,733 ♪ Whoo ♪ 14 00:01:01,735 --> 00:01:04,533 ♪ With my heart in your hands ♪ 15 00:01:05,827 --> 00:01:09,834 ♪ I can't feel, fell my soul ♪ 16 00:01:23,404 --> 00:01:26,074 - NARRATOR: The case will be the biggest challenge 17 00:01:26,159 --> 00:01:27,243 of Rockefeller's life. 18 00:01:32,171 --> 00:01:34,758 A fight that will determine the future of the country. 19 00:01:37,515 --> 00:01:39,852 As Rockefeller is forced to defend the company 20 00:01:39,936 --> 00:01:41,813 he built from nothing 21 00:01:44,821 --> 00:01:46,281 into one of the most powerful 22 00:01:46,366 --> 00:01:47,910 corporation's on earth. 23 00:01:48,870 --> 00:01:51,123 - Buy now. Buy everything. 24 00:01:52,753 --> 00:01:53,754 Buy the whole company. 25 00:01:58,347 --> 00:02:00,184 - (people murmuring) 26 00:02:00,602 --> 00:02:01,770 - It's Rockefeller. 27 00:02:38,302 --> 00:02:40,930 - The United States versus Standard Oil. 28 00:02:41,600 --> 00:02:43,227 This hearing is now in session. 29 00:02:44,689 --> 00:02:45,858 Please state your name. 30 00:02:47,028 --> 00:02:48,696 - John Rockefeller. 31 00:02:49,115 --> 00:02:52,204 - Mr. Rockefeller, can you tell the court 32 00:02:52,288 --> 00:02:54,958 how in just one year, in 1872, 33 00:02:56,003 --> 00:02:58,424 you acquired all the refineries in Cleveland? 34 00:03:06,857 --> 00:03:07,817 - I don't remember. 35 00:03:07,902 --> 00:03:09,196 - (gasps) - (people murmuring) 36 00:03:09,280 --> 00:03:10,907 - It was 36 years ago. 37 00:03:11,993 --> 00:03:14,747 - You used intimidation to wipe out the competition, 38 00:03:14,831 --> 00:03:16,083 did you not? 39 00:03:16,167 --> 00:03:18,797 I mean, so ruthlessly that it became known 40 00:03:18,881 --> 00:03:20,467 as the Cleveland massacre. 41 00:03:21,512 --> 00:03:23,265 - I don't remember any massacre. 42 00:03:23,349 --> 00:03:25,102 - (people murmuring) 43 00:03:26,480 --> 00:03:29,652 - Are you aware of payments made by Standard 44 00:03:29,736 --> 00:03:34,829 Oil to a Senator, $15,000 to block a bill 45 00:03:34,913 --> 00:03:37,083 hostile to Standard Oil? 46 00:03:39,130 --> 00:03:40,424 - I don't remember. 47 00:03:40,508 --> 00:03:43,137 - We have a list of bribes made by Standard Oil 48 00:03:43,221 --> 00:03:45,934 to politicians between 1903... 49 00:03:46,019 --> 00:03:47,645 - I stepped down as Chief Executive 50 00:03:47,731 --> 00:03:49,609 of Standard Oil in 1902. 51 00:03:50,611 --> 00:03:52,780 I can't answer for any incidents that occurred 52 00:03:52,866 --> 00:03:53,742 after that date. 53 00:03:53,826 --> 00:03:55,829 - You are still President of Standard Oil, 54 00:03:55,913 --> 00:03:57,040 are you not? 55 00:03:57,124 --> 00:03:58,710 - It's an honorary title. 56 00:03:58,794 --> 00:04:01,673 Much like that of President of the United States. 57 00:04:01,758 --> 00:04:02,885 - (laughter) 58 00:04:02,969 --> 00:04:07,602 - Can I remind you Mr. Rockefeller of the seriousness 59 00:04:07,687 --> 00:04:09,731 of the charges brought against you. 60 00:04:12,404 --> 00:04:14,699 - NARRATOR: As John Rockefeller fights to keep 61 00:04:14,784 --> 00:04:19,584 his monopoly intact a new generation of businessmen 62 00:04:19,669 --> 00:04:23,634 is facing a new set of challenges as they struggle 63 00:04:23,718 --> 00:04:25,930 to get their companies off the ground. 64 00:04:27,434 --> 00:04:29,646 - I have set out to build the best motor car 65 00:04:29,730 --> 00:04:30,981 for popular use. 66 00:04:31,693 --> 00:04:35,115 The Ford motor car is durable and light, 67 00:04:35,199 --> 00:04:37,202 weighing only 1,000lbs. 68 00:04:37,913 --> 00:04:41,252 It has a four cylinder engine and is capable 69 00:04:41,336 --> 00:04:43,339 of speeds up to 45 miles an hour. 70 00:04:44,468 --> 00:04:49,184 It is priced at $900 compared to $1 500 71 00:04:49,269 --> 00:04:51,147 for the average licensed car. 72 00:04:51,231 --> 00:04:54,027 Which makes it the first car 73 00:04:54,112 --> 00:04:56,198 affordable for the common man. 74 00:04:57,745 --> 00:05:00,123 - NARRATOR: Young entrepreneur Henry Ford 75 00:05:00,207 --> 00:05:02,169 has created a new kind of car. 76 00:05:02,545 --> 00:05:04,840 But in order to sell it he needs to get permission 77 00:05:04,924 --> 00:05:07,345 from the association of licensed automobile 78 00:05:07,430 --> 00:05:10,852 manufacturers, also known as ALAM. 79 00:05:13,317 --> 00:05:17,406 ALAM owns the patent on the automobile giving them 80 00:05:17,491 --> 00:05:20,705 complete control over who can manufacture and sell cars. 81 00:05:21,792 --> 00:05:24,462 They are, in a sense, a giant car monopoly 82 00:05:26,258 --> 00:05:29,347 and Ford's future now rests in their hands. 83 00:05:29,431 --> 00:05:30,809 - ALAM: Thank you Mr. Ford. 84 00:05:30,893 --> 00:05:32,019 We'll be in touch. 85 00:05:33,064 --> 00:05:34,232 - Thank you, gentleman. 86 00:05:36,863 --> 00:05:38,449 - NARRATOR: Ford is hopeful he'll be approved 87 00:05:38,534 --> 00:05:42,414 by ALAM, allowing him to start his own business 88 00:05:42,499 --> 00:05:45,087 and to pursue his dream for the future 89 00:05:45,171 --> 00:05:46,714 of the car industry. 90 00:05:46,799 --> 00:05:49,135 - When Ford entered the automobile business 91 00:05:49,220 --> 00:05:52,268 people didn't drive their own cars, they had drivers. 92 00:05:52,352 --> 00:05:55,399 And so cars were seen as this luxury item. 93 00:05:55,483 --> 00:06:00,242 Ford's insight was that cars could be an every day item. 94 00:06:00,827 --> 00:06:04,458 They could be very utilitarian so that it was 95 00:06:04,543 --> 00:06:07,381 within the reach of ordinary people. 96 00:06:09,302 --> 00:06:12,181 - NARRATOR: Ford has spent years developing his car 97 00:06:12,267 --> 00:06:13,392 for the common man. 98 00:06:13,978 --> 00:06:17,609 He builds his first model at the age of 33 and calls 99 00:06:17,694 --> 00:06:19,154 it the quadricyle. 100 00:06:20,616 --> 00:06:23,329 But the vehicle is expensive to produce 101 00:06:23,413 --> 00:06:24,957 and prone to breaking down. 102 00:06:27,504 --> 00:06:31,178 Ford's second attempt-- Model A--is much more suited 103 00:06:31,262 --> 00:06:32,765 to the needs of modern America. 104 00:06:36,648 --> 00:06:40,863 But he can't begin selling it without permission from ALAM. 105 00:06:43,996 --> 00:06:47,126 - ALAM was successful in blackmailing 106 00:06:47,211 --> 00:06:50,423 other automobile companies saying, 107 00:06:50,509 --> 00:06:53,429 "you have to be licensed by us or we will sue you. 108 00:06:53,514 --> 00:06:55,058 And we own this patent." 109 00:06:57,815 --> 00:06:59,859 - NARRATOR: After months of deliberation the ALAM 110 00:06:59,944 --> 00:07:01,570 board reaches its decision. 111 00:07:08,711 --> 00:07:11,507 Henry Ford's application is rejected. 112 00:07:12,928 --> 00:07:14,556 It's a crushing blow. 113 00:07:15,224 --> 00:07:17,854 The auto cartel has stopped him in his tracks. 114 00:07:19,315 --> 00:07:22,738 But Henry Ford is determined to show the world 115 00:07:22,822 --> 00:07:25,702 that to succeed in America all you need 116 00:07:25,786 --> 00:07:28,207 is integrity and ingenuity. 117 00:07:35,222 --> 00:07:38,435 The next generation of businessmen is on the rise. 118 00:07:40,190 --> 00:07:43,153 Henry Ford is battling a powerful cartel 119 00:07:43,237 --> 00:07:45,491 for the right to make a car he believes in. 120 00:07:46,953 --> 00:07:49,333 The Association of Licensed Automobiles 121 00:07:49,417 --> 00:07:52,339 manufacturers owns the patent on the automobile 122 00:07:53,716 --> 00:07:56,388 and budding car makers like Henry Ford need 123 00:07:56,473 --> 00:07:58,225 its permission to sell cars. 124 00:08:01,817 --> 00:08:06,116 After being rejected by ALAM, Ford is left with few options 125 00:08:16,679 --> 00:08:19,057 but he isn't about to give up on his dreams. 126 00:08:21,438 --> 00:08:25,237 - Ford thought that the whole thing was ridiculous. 127 00:08:25,321 --> 00:08:28,953 That there could not be a patent on the idea of the automobile. 128 00:08:29,037 --> 00:08:31,457 That the automobile was not the property 129 00:08:31,542 --> 00:08:33,169 of one single individual. 130 00:08:35,091 --> 00:08:37,218 - NARRATOR: Ford is determined to get around 131 00:08:37,303 --> 00:08:39,599 ALAM'S stranglehold on the auto industry. 132 00:08:40,685 --> 00:08:44,691 But he's just one man going up against a virtual monopoly. 133 00:08:46,112 --> 00:08:48,282 If he's going to be a success, without ALAM, 134 00:08:50,119 --> 00:08:53,125 he's going to need to make a name for himself. 135 00:08:53,210 --> 00:08:55,254 - It's a very simple thing on the make or break 136 00:08:55,339 --> 00:08:58,344 decision: it's the gut and that's what separates 137 00:08:58,429 --> 00:09:00,556 the great leaders and the great successes. 138 00:09:00,641 --> 00:09:02,352 And if you can't listen to it and you don't have it, 139 00:09:02,436 --> 00:09:03,896 you're never gonna get it 'cause it's never gonna come 140 00:09:03,980 --> 00:09:05,024 from someplace else. 141 00:09:13,416 --> 00:09:16,003 - NARRATOR: Henry Ford challenges the owner 142 00:09:16,088 --> 00:09:18,634 of the biggest car company in the country to a race. 143 00:09:23,143 --> 00:09:26,148 Alexander Winton is also known as the fastest 144 00:09:26,233 --> 00:09:29,864 driver in America and a prominent member ofALAM. 145 00:09:33,455 --> 00:09:36,544 Beating Winton with a car of his own design has the potential 146 00:09:36,628 --> 00:09:39,049 to give Ford the boost he needs to start 147 00:09:39,134 --> 00:09:40,385 his own company. 148 00:09:42,849 --> 00:09:44,560 There's just one problem, 149 00:09:45,354 --> 00:09:47,733 Henry Ford had never raced a care before. 150 00:09:50,031 --> 00:09:52,408 - It's a David and Goliath scene. 151 00:09:52,493 --> 00:09:54,538 Winton's famous, world record holder, 152 00:09:54,622 --> 00:09:56,291 has this fancy race car. 153 00:09:56,376 --> 00:09:58,421 Ford, the local boy made good. 154 00:11:14,238 --> 00:11:17,535 - NARRATOR: Henry Ford's upset win over the fastest man 155 00:11:17,620 --> 00:11:20,833 in America makes him instantly famous. 156 00:11:22,588 --> 00:11:26,513 - Ford's a hero and this is really the first big time, 157 00:11:26,597 --> 00:11:29,309 I think, that he becomes a celebrity. 158 00:11:29,393 --> 00:11:32,607 The Ford name gets out there and he milks it 159 00:11:32,691 --> 00:11:34,528 for everything that it's worth, 160 00:11:34,612 --> 00:11:37,158 and it was a very crucial part of Ford 161 00:11:37,243 --> 00:11:39,704 getting investors for the Ford Motor Company. 162 00:11:41,751 --> 00:11:46,342 - NARRATOR: Ford raises $28,000--or $700,000 today. 163 00:11:46,426 --> 00:11:50,268 Enough money to build his first factory in Highland Park, 164 00:11:50,352 --> 00:11:55,945 Michigan and before long he's producing 1 5 cars a day, 165 00:11:58,033 --> 00:12:00,870 priced low enough for almost any American. 166 00:12:04,462 --> 00:12:06,466 - When it finally does break through, 167 00:12:06,551 --> 00:12:09,471 it is sort of gratifying because you--you're 168 00:12:09,556 --> 00:12:12,811 starting to see the reality of what you always believe. 169 00:12:12,895 --> 00:12:15,317 That--that the vision you had that someday the world 170 00:12:15,401 --> 00:12:17,696 would be different is starting to move in that direction. 171 00:12:19,491 --> 00:12:23,082 - NARRATOR: Henry Ford's early success puts him on the map. 172 00:12:25,504 --> 00:12:29,971 But ALAM takes notice and hits him with a lawsuit 173 00:12:31,182 --> 00:12:34,020 claiming he's breaching their patent on the automobile. 174 00:12:35,399 --> 00:12:37,903 - You see all these huge conglomerations 175 00:12:37,987 --> 00:12:40,074 suing people over patents. 176 00:12:40,158 --> 00:12:42,495 The big guys are taking advantage of the little guys, 177 00:12:42,579 --> 00:12:44,792 trying to find whatever angle they could 178 00:12:44,876 --> 00:12:46,294 and using their might. 179 00:12:46,379 --> 00:12:48,465 And those with the best tricksters win. 180 00:12:52,849 --> 00:12:56,231 - NARRATOR: While Henry Ford prepares to bring 181 00:12:56,315 --> 00:12:59,070 his fight for the little guy to a Detroit court, 182 00:13:03,705 --> 00:13:06,042 the trial to bring down Standard Oil 183 00:13:06,127 --> 00:13:07,754 is starting to get ugly. 184 00:13:10,510 --> 00:13:13,181 - Mr. Rockefeller, we have evidence that you placed 185 00:13:13,266 --> 00:13:15,979 several refineries out of business. 186 00:13:18,024 --> 00:13:19,485 - Not to my knowledge. 187 00:13:20,405 --> 00:13:23,493 - Do you accept that Standard Oil has enjoyed 188 00:13:23,578 --> 00:13:26,498 profitability higher than most industries? 189 00:13:28,837 --> 00:13:32,261 - Our profitability is no higher than that of US Steel. 190 00:13:33,765 --> 00:13:35,099 I haven't heard of anyone attempting 191 00:13:35,184 --> 00:13:36,810 to break up U.S. Steel. 192 00:13:38,900 --> 00:13:41,862 - NARRATOR: While Rockefeller is fighting 193 00:13:41,946 --> 00:13:43,240 to save his company, 194 00:13:45,746 --> 00:13:49,169 J.P. Morgan has been able to keep his steel monopoly 195 00:13:49,253 --> 00:13:51,048 of the government's hit list. 196 00:13:53,720 --> 00:13:56,391 He's used his power and influence to broker 197 00:13:56,476 --> 00:14:01,025 a number of deals for the nation applying the might 198 00:14:01,109 --> 00:14:03,739 of U.S. Steel to strengthen the country's infrastructure. 199 00:14:07,121 --> 00:14:10,628 But Morgan's biggest deal is just getting started 200 00:14:10,712 --> 00:14:12,172 in Central America. 201 00:14:14,929 --> 00:14:17,976 For years, attempts have been made to build a canal 202 00:14:18,060 --> 00:14:20,230 linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. 203 00:14:22,569 --> 00:14:25,408 Such a canal would cut East to West travel time 204 00:14:25,492 --> 00:14:29,498 in half saving ships over 8,000 miles per trip. 205 00:14:31,962 --> 00:14:36,429 But no one's had the power to make it happen, until now. 206 00:14:39,435 --> 00:14:42,691 J.P. Morgan acts as the middle man for the government 207 00:14:42,776 --> 00:14:46,365 and raises $40 million dollars - OR $7 billion today-- 208 00:14:46,450 --> 00:14:47,911 to get the project started. 209 00:14:52,377 --> 00:14:55,049 The Panama Canal is the most ambitious 210 00:14:55,133 --> 00:14:58,347 construction project the United States has ever undertaken. 211 00:15:00,435 --> 00:15:03,858 Over 75,000 workers labor in brutal heat, 212 00:15:04,361 --> 00:15:05,946 fighting off deadly diseases, 213 00:15:08,034 --> 00:15:12,417 digging a canal 51 miles from the Atlantic to the Pacific. 214 00:15:25,527 --> 00:15:29,033 - To assemble the manpower, the material, 215 00:15:29,118 --> 00:15:31,871 and the finances; to cut a swath through the middle 216 00:15:31,957 --> 00:15:35,004 of Panama and join the Atlantic Ocean with the 217 00:15:35,088 --> 00:15:38,384 Pacific Ocean--only an industrially sophisticated 218 00:15:38,469 --> 00:15:39,679 nation could do that. 219 00:15:41,224 --> 00:15:43,478 - NARRATOR: The Panama Canal embodies everything 220 00:15:43,563 --> 00:15:46,317 that makes America the most powerful country on the planet. 221 00:15:48,906 --> 00:15:51,536 Built on steel, powered by electricity 222 00:15:52,456 --> 00:15:53,790 and running on gasoline. 223 00:15:56,881 --> 00:15:59,969 And it's all made possible due to the financial might 224 00:16:00,054 --> 00:16:02,432 of one of the country's most powerful men. 225 00:16:07,693 --> 00:16:10,573 But the age of the monopoly is still on trial 226 00:16:12,578 --> 00:16:15,208 and the unchallenged power the Titans have used 227 00:16:15,292 --> 00:16:19,508 to amass their empires is not going to last forever. 228 00:16:28,150 --> 00:16:31,280 Decades of unprecedented growth have transformed 229 00:16:31,365 --> 00:16:33,535 America into an industrial super power. 230 00:16:36,626 --> 00:16:38,712 The change has been driven by some of the largest 231 00:16:38,797 --> 00:16:40,842 companies the world has ever seen: 232 00:16:42,512 --> 00:16:43,513 U.S. Steel, 233 00:16:46,604 --> 00:16:49,733 Standard Oil and General Electric. 234 00:16:52,699 --> 00:16:54,618 But it also comes with a cost. 235 00:16:56,123 --> 00:16:58,751 Workers are outraged over dangerous conditions 236 00:16:58,837 --> 00:17:00,755 at factories across the country. 237 00:17:00,840 --> 00:17:03,093 - Nobody will break us! Nobody! 238 00:17:04,806 --> 00:17:07,018 - NARRATOR: And the gap between the rich and the poor 239 00:17:07,102 --> 00:17:09,023 is bigger than it's ever been. 240 00:17:09,942 --> 00:17:12,946 Many are convinced that America's largest companies 241 00:17:13,032 --> 00:17:14,658 are holding the country back. 242 00:17:15,369 --> 00:17:18,082 The age of monopoly is under threat. 243 00:17:19,502 --> 00:17:21,213 - I hate monopolists. 244 00:17:21,297 --> 00:17:23,593 I fought monopolists all my life. 245 00:17:23,677 --> 00:17:26,514 I always wanted an even playing field, 246 00:17:26,599 --> 00:17:29,647 but I had to fight for an even playing field for myself. 247 00:17:36,954 --> 00:17:41,086 - NARRATOR: Over a 40 year career John Rockefeller 248 00:17:41,170 --> 00:17:44,259 used innovation and ingenuity to create 249 00:17:44,343 --> 00:17:47,557 a corporate empire unlike any the world has ever seen. 250 00:17:51,022 --> 00:17:52,985 But he was also notoriously ruthless 251 00:17:54,864 --> 00:17:57,242 and many believe he went too far. 252 00:17:58,956 --> 00:18:00,874 For John D. Rockefeller, 253 00:18:00,959 --> 00:18:04,007 judgment day is here in what's become 254 00:18:04,091 --> 00:18:08,890 the trial of the century: The People versus Standard Oil. 255 00:18:12,941 --> 00:18:15,611 - The picture painted of Standard Oil 256 00:18:15,696 --> 00:18:16,780 is a depressing one. 257 00:18:17,784 --> 00:18:21,832 No trust in the history ofAmerica has been 258 00:18:21,917 --> 00:18:25,256 so destructive in its pursuit of profit. 259 00:18:27,470 --> 00:18:31,727 Time and time again we have heard how Standard Oil 260 00:18:31,811 --> 00:18:34,274 has used secret kickbacks from the 261 00:18:34,359 --> 00:18:38,532 railroads, been routinely engaged in predatory 262 00:18:38,617 --> 00:18:44,044 pricing, used intimidation and exclusive sales 263 00:18:44,128 --> 00:18:47,884 territories to put refineries out of business. 264 00:18:50,808 --> 00:18:54,731 For over thirty years, Standard Oil has been 265 00:18:54,816 --> 00:19:00,159 on a mission to crush its competition and establish 266 00:19:00,244 --> 00:19:04,918 itself as a monopoly to hoist up the price of kerosene. 267 00:19:08,759 --> 00:19:13,269 Mr. Rockefeller, before the court renders its decision, 268 00:19:15,148 --> 00:19:17,066 do you have anything you wish to say? 269 00:19:26,420 --> 00:19:30,887 - When I came into the oil industry, there was chaos. 270 00:19:32,307 --> 00:19:33,558 I brought order. 271 00:19:34,644 --> 00:19:37,983 I took a second rate, inefficient market 272 00:19:38,067 --> 00:19:39,528 and built an industry. 273 00:19:41,491 --> 00:19:43,745 It was done the way it was because that's the way 274 00:19:43,829 --> 00:19:44,955 it had to be done. 275 00:19:46,710 --> 00:19:50,633 No one complained when I brought light into every home. 276 00:19:51,678 --> 00:19:55,017 No one complained when I provided thousands ofjobs, 277 00:19:55,101 --> 00:19:57,021 or millions of dollars from exports. 278 00:19:58,233 --> 00:20:00,987 Oil is what this country runs on. 279 00:20:03,993 --> 00:20:09,254 You call it monopoly, I call it enterprise. 280 00:20:09,713 --> 00:20:13,262 - (people murmuring) 281 00:20:13,346 --> 00:20:17,728 - Now, you tell me, why am I here? 282 00:20:20,276 --> 00:20:23,282 - (gavel bangs) - (people murmuring) 283 00:20:28,333 --> 00:20:30,922 - NARRATOR: As the court adjourns to deliberate 284 00:20:32,426 --> 00:20:35,096 Rockefeller can only await his company's fate. 285 00:20:45,619 --> 00:20:49,876 Hundreds of miles away a new kind of businessman, 286 00:20:49,960 --> 00:20:52,171 Henry Ford, also waits. 287 00:20:54,385 --> 00:20:57,265 A panel of federal judges will decide whether Ford 288 00:20:57,350 --> 00:20:59,478 can continue to freely manufacture 289 00:20:59,562 --> 00:21:01,607 and sell his model A car. 290 00:21:04,489 --> 00:21:06,533 The association of licensed automobile 291 00:21:06,618 --> 00:21:09,498 manufacturers is suing Ford for a royalty on 292 00:21:09,582 --> 00:21:11,084 every car he sells. 293 00:21:16,554 --> 00:21:19,434 Ford knows those royalties would drive up the cost 294 00:21:19,519 --> 00:21:22,106 of his car putting it out of the reach 295 00:21:22,190 --> 00:21:23,693 for the average consumer. 296 00:21:25,113 --> 00:21:27,742 For most early car makers, the lawsuit would be 297 00:21:27,827 --> 00:21:32,084 a devastating setback, but for Ford it's something 298 00:21:32,168 --> 00:21:34,422 different--an opportunity. 299 00:21:35,299 --> 00:21:37,344 - People react to failure in one of two ways. 300 00:21:37,429 --> 00:21:40,642 Either they get scared and give up. 301 00:21:41,395 --> 00:21:44,900 Or they take that failure that--as a learning 302 00:21:44,985 --> 00:21:47,364 experience and they kind of use that experience 303 00:21:47,449 --> 00:21:49,661 to redouble their efforts. 304 00:21:52,959 --> 00:21:55,380 - Ford is convinced the era of unchecked 305 00:21:55,465 --> 00:21:56,717 monopolies is over. 306 00:21:58,053 --> 00:22:01,016 So as his lawsuit winds its way through court 307 00:22:01,769 --> 00:22:05,232 he openly defies the order from ALAM and continues 308 00:22:05,317 --> 00:22:07,153 building and selling his cars. 309 00:22:09,575 --> 00:22:11,871 He believes there's a better way to conduct 310 00:22:11,955 --> 00:22:14,626 business in America and he's determined 311 00:22:14,710 --> 00:22:16,296 to make it a reality. 312 00:22:18,009 --> 00:22:20,596 - Henry Ford was able to position himself 313 00:22:20,680 --> 00:22:24,270 as an anti-monopolist, really in a certain way, 314 00:22:24,355 --> 00:22:27,276 as a kind of antithesis of the Rockefellers 315 00:22:27,362 --> 00:22:28,780 and the Carnegies. 316 00:22:28,864 --> 00:22:32,370 He is a kind of heroic individual entrepreneur, 317 00:22:32,454 --> 00:22:34,500 who believed in competition, 318 00:22:34,584 --> 00:22:36,711 who believed in developing a product 319 00:22:36,796 --> 00:22:38,674 and bringing it to the people. 320 00:22:38,758 --> 00:22:41,263 - NARRATOR: Ford begins paying his workers 321 00:22:41,347 --> 00:22:43,684 a livable wage, $5 per day, 322 00:22:45,772 --> 00:22:48,485 more than double the rate of most U.S. factories. 323 00:22:51,200 --> 00:22:54,205 But Ford isn't just paying his workers better, 324 00:22:54,290 --> 00:22:56,333 he's also getting more out of them. 325 00:22:58,046 --> 00:23:00,718 He innovates a new system for producing cars. 326 00:23:01,804 --> 00:23:04,433 Rather than hand crafting each car one at a time, 327 00:23:05,645 --> 00:23:07,940 his are assembled by a line of workers, 328 00:23:08,025 --> 00:23:09,359 piece by piece. 329 00:23:10,488 --> 00:23:12,407 It's called the assembly line 330 00:23:13,870 --> 00:23:16,290 and it completely changes manufacturing forever. 331 00:23:19,130 --> 00:23:22,260 - Ford didn't invent mass production. 332 00:23:23,221 --> 00:23:25,600 But he perfected mass production. 333 00:23:25,684 --> 00:23:28,272 He understood that a complicated product 334 00:23:28,357 --> 00:23:33,198 like an automobile could be simplified and could be 335 00:23:33,282 --> 00:23:37,081 made less expensive if the same thing was produced 336 00:23:37,165 --> 00:23:38,709 again and again and again. 337 00:23:42,551 --> 00:23:44,136 - NARRATOR: Using the assembly line, 338 00:23:44,221 --> 00:23:46,892 Ford workers can build cars up to 8 times faster 339 00:23:46,977 --> 00:23:49,606 than any other automobile factory in the world. 340 00:23:52,112 --> 00:23:54,532 What once took 12 hours to assemble, 341 00:23:54,616 --> 00:23:56,495 now takes an hour and a half. 342 00:23:57,872 --> 00:24:00,335 The innovation allows Ford to standardize 343 00:24:00,420 --> 00:24:01,754 the 8-hour workday, 344 00:24:03,342 --> 00:24:04,593 5 days per week. 345 00:24:08,437 --> 00:24:10,480 But for Ford to continue to innovate, 346 00:24:10,565 --> 00:24:12,317 he'll need to win his lawsuit. 347 00:24:14,238 --> 00:24:16,534 His fate, like John Rockefeller's, 348 00:24:16,618 --> 00:24:18,788 now rests in the hands of a federal court. 349 00:24:21,127 --> 00:24:24,007 Henry Ford and John D. Rockefeller 350 00:24:24,091 --> 00:24:25,927 are two American icons, 351 00:24:26,597 --> 00:24:27,806 from different generations, 352 00:24:30,897 --> 00:24:33,610 on opposing sides of battle for the country's future. 353 00:24:36,617 --> 00:24:39,997 As the verdicts come in, American business 354 00:24:40,082 --> 00:24:41,667 will never be the same. 355 00:24:49,100 --> 00:24:52,688 America is becoming the most powerful nation on earth. 356 00:24:53,233 --> 00:24:56,154 Transformed from a post-civil war wasteland 357 00:24:56,239 --> 00:24:57,573 into a budding superpower 358 00:25:00,497 --> 00:25:02,208 by a group of visionaries 359 00:25:02,292 --> 00:25:06,383 who battled the impossible to build unimaginable 360 00:25:06,467 --> 00:25:10,850 empires that have brought the country into the 20th century. 361 00:25:13,105 --> 00:25:15,024 - With all the great entrepreneurs, 362 00:25:15,109 --> 00:25:17,070 it was a mix of believing in an idea, 363 00:25:17,155 --> 00:25:19,324 but they also recognized that they had to do 364 00:25:19,409 --> 00:25:21,663 some things to take that idea and make it real. 365 00:25:30,264 --> 00:25:32,642 - NARRATOR: After decades of doing whatever it took 366 00:25:32,728 --> 00:25:34,521 to crush the competition, 367 00:25:35,901 --> 00:25:39,448 John D. Rockefeller is fighting to save the company he built 368 00:25:39,532 --> 00:25:41,786 from nothing into one of the largest 369 00:25:41,871 --> 00:25:44,458 and most dominating corporations on the planet. 370 00:25:46,129 --> 00:25:49,176 - Big business is a dangerous thing 371 00:25:49,260 --> 00:25:52,223 in the eyes of many because of the power it wields. 372 00:25:54,687 --> 00:25:57,234 - JUDGE: The U.S. government Versus Standard Oil. 373 00:25:58,237 --> 00:26:00,823 - NARRATOR: The biggest anti-trust trial 374 00:26:00,908 --> 00:26:03,119 of all time is about to reach a verdict. 375 00:26:05,961 --> 00:26:08,839 444 witnesses have taken the stand, 376 00:26:09,842 --> 00:26:12,806 12,000 pages of testimony have been recorded, 377 00:26:12,890 --> 00:26:15,644 but in the end it all comes down 378 00:26:15,728 --> 00:26:17,564 to the testimony of one man. 379 00:26:19,194 --> 00:26:21,573 ROCKEFELLER: You call it monopoly, 380 00:26:21,658 --> 00:26:23,285 I call it enterprise. 381 00:26:24,955 --> 00:26:26,959 - NARRATOR: John Rockefeller has done 382 00:26:27,043 --> 00:26:29,672 all he can to keep his monopoly intact, 383 00:26:32,554 --> 00:26:35,559 but the fate of Standard Oil is out of his control. 384 00:26:39,318 --> 00:26:42,405 JUDGE: In the case of the United States against 385 00:26:42,490 --> 00:26:45,287 the Standard Oil Company, this hearing 386 00:26:45,371 --> 00:26:47,166 has reached a decision. 387 00:26:50,423 --> 00:26:54,346 This court determines against the Standard Oil Trust 388 00:26:54,430 --> 00:26:58,438 on account of its unreasonable business practices, 389 00:26:58,522 --> 00:27:02,737 which are in violation of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. 390 00:27:03,616 --> 00:27:04,992 The Standard Oil Trust 391 00:27:07,539 --> 00:27:09,668 must be broken up within six months. 392 00:27:10,462 --> 00:27:13,675 - (gavel bangs) - (people murmuring) 393 00:27:20,690 --> 00:27:22,902 - (people talking) 394 00:27:28,873 --> 00:27:31,628 - REPORTER: Is this the end of Standard Oil? 395 00:27:35,679 --> 00:27:37,765 - NARRATOR: John Rockefeller's Standard Oil 396 00:27:37,850 --> 00:27:39,727 is completely dismantled, 397 00:27:42,234 --> 00:27:45,071 broken up into 34 smaller companies. 398 00:27:46,284 --> 00:27:49,037 The age of the monopoly is over. 399 00:27:56,052 --> 00:27:58,515 The takedown of Standard Oil bodes well 400 00:27:58,600 --> 00:28:01,770 for the rising guard of a new generation of businessman-- 401 00:28:03,902 --> 00:28:05,862 most of all Henry Ford. 402 00:28:09,579 --> 00:28:11,916 Ford awaits the future of his company. 403 00:28:12,961 --> 00:28:15,798 After the powerful auto Cartel, ALAM, 404 00:28:15,883 --> 00:28:18,012 charged him with breaching their patent 405 00:28:18,096 --> 00:28:21,894 on the automobile and tried to shut him down. 406 00:28:24,692 --> 00:28:27,322 It's a potentially life-changing moment 407 00:28:27,990 --> 00:28:31,037 not just for Ford, but for the future 408 00:28:31,121 --> 00:28:32,959 of every industry in the country. 409 00:28:36,757 --> 00:28:40,138 In a surprise decision, the court rules 410 00:28:40,223 --> 00:28:42,059 in favor of Henry Ford. 411 00:28:45,567 --> 00:28:48,948 ALAM has no legal claim to the design of the car. 412 00:28:51,704 --> 00:28:56,212 Henry Ford is free to innovate without repercussion. 413 00:28:56,715 --> 00:28:58,133 - Well, guys, that was it. 414 00:28:58,217 --> 00:28:59,719 Let's go sell some cars. 415 00:29:02,350 --> 00:29:05,230 - NARRATOR: Ford's dream is made a reality. 416 00:29:05,315 --> 00:29:07,610 The car belongs to everyone. 417 00:29:09,281 --> 00:29:12,453 - Ford's success put him forward in American life 418 00:29:12,537 --> 00:29:15,917 as a new kind of businessman but, 419 00:29:16,002 --> 00:29:20,009 in crucial ways, unlike Rockefeller or Carnegie 420 00:29:20,093 --> 00:29:23,057 he wasn't trying to gain a monopoly. 421 00:29:23,141 --> 00:29:25,854 He was trying to bring a product to the people. 422 00:29:25,938 --> 00:29:28,567 The American population ate this up and they made 423 00:29:28,652 --> 00:29:30,906 Henry Ford a kind of folk hero. 424 00:29:33,412 --> 00:29:35,999 - NARRATOR: Ford seizes the momentum 425 00:29:36,084 --> 00:29:38,672 and his factories go into overdrive. 426 00:29:39,548 --> 00:29:42,095 His assembly lines starts producing a revolutionary 427 00:29:42,179 --> 00:29:43,764 new car at a record rate. 428 00:29:44,767 --> 00:29:50,194 It's called the Model T and it costs only $825. 429 00:29:51,865 --> 00:29:56,206 For the first time, a car the common man can afford. 430 00:29:59,755 --> 00:30:03,136 - Henry Ford created what became the most important 431 00:30:03,220 --> 00:30:05,391 industry in the American economy. 432 00:30:06,144 --> 00:30:09,232 He had no idea of the enormous impact it would 433 00:30:09,316 --> 00:30:11,861 have on almost every sector ofAmerican life. 434 00:30:13,658 --> 00:30:17,748 He literally changed America, the way we live, 435 00:30:17,832 --> 00:30:22,258 the way we do things, and the way we go about our business. 436 00:30:24,137 --> 00:30:27,267 Ford's reputation won't always be so positive, 437 00:30:28,730 --> 00:30:31,609 but his revolution inspires an entire generation 438 00:30:31,693 --> 00:30:33,906 of visionaries who will transform 439 00:30:33,990 --> 00:30:35,825 the fabric ofAmerican life. 440 00:30:38,582 --> 00:30:42,004 Childhood friends William Harley and Arthur Davidson 441 00:30:42,088 --> 00:30:45,512 attach an engine to a bicycle and begin selling 442 00:30:45,596 --> 00:30:47,349 motorcycles to the masses. 443 00:30:50,563 --> 00:30:53,402 Milton Hershey applies Henry Ford's assembly line 444 00:30:53,487 --> 00:30:56,325 model to the mass production of chocolate. 445 00:30:59,582 --> 00:31:01,669 Chicago merchant, William Wrigley 446 00:31:01,753 --> 00:31:03,923 takes his chewing gum national 447 00:31:07,098 --> 00:31:08,473 and in Hollywood, 448 00:31:08,558 --> 00:31:10,727 Polish immigrant, Max Factor, 449 00:31:10,812 --> 00:31:13,733 begins distributing cosmetics for movie stars 450 00:31:13,818 --> 00:31:16,740 to drug stores across the country inventing 451 00:31:16,825 --> 00:31:20,205 a completely new consumer product--make-up. 452 00:31:21,834 --> 00:31:24,631 This new breed of businessman is doing 453 00:31:24,716 --> 00:31:26,217 things a different way. 454 00:31:28,681 --> 00:31:30,852 They're creating products for the masses, 455 00:31:32,062 --> 00:31:34,859 while paying their employees a livable wage. 456 00:31:36,196 --> 00:31:38,198 With safe working conditions 457 00:31:38,284 --> 00:31:40,746 and a standard 40-hour work week. 458 00:31:43,376 --> 00:31:46,925 The era of Rockefeller, Carnegie and Morgan looks 459 00:31:47,009 --> 00:31:48,845 like it may have come to an end. 460 00:31:51,936 --> 00:31:54,649 But America's three most powerful men 461 00:31:54,733 --> 00:31:56,945 are just as relevant as ever before. 462 00:32:08,217 --> 00:32:10,179 Standard Oil gasoline stations 463 00:32:10,263 --> 00:32:14,312 appear across the country fueling Henry Ford's cars, 464 00:32:20,534 --> 00:32:22,954 cars that are built using Carnegie's steel 465 00:32:25,042 --> 00:32:27,964 in factories powered by J.P. Morgan's electricity. 466 00:32:31,471 --> 00:32:33,559 The new breed of businessman may be doing 467 00:32:33,643 --> 00:32:35,896 things different from their predecessors 468 00:32:35,981 --> 00:32:38,693 but their innovations wouldn't be possible without 469 00:32:38,777 --> 00:32:42,994 the groundwork laid by men like Cornelius Vanderbilt, 470 00:32:44,457 --> 00:32:46,960 Andrew Carnegie, J.P. Morgan 471 00:32:48,630 --> 00:32:50,550 and John D. Rockefeller. 472 00:32:53,182 --> 00:32:55,978 The result is broad prosperity shared 473 00:32:56,063 --> 00:32:59,485 throughout the country and perhaps America's greatest 474 00:32:59,569 --> 00:33:04,161 innovation yet, a thriving and prosperous middle class. 475 00:33:07,752 --> 00:33:10,757 - The Industrial Revolution created 476 00:33:10,842 --> 00:33:12,845 the development of the middle class. 477 00:33:14,766 --> 00:33:18,105 It created wealth that we never 478 00:33:18,189 --> 00:33:20,275 would've imagined possible before. 479 00:33:24,953 --> 00:33:26,539 - NARRATOR: John Rockefeller 480 00:33:26,623 --> 00:33:28,376 may have lost his court case, 481 00:33:31,841 --> 00:33:35,055 but the smaller companies created from Standard Oil 482 00:33:35,140 --> 00:33:36,433 will go on to become 483 00:33:36,518 --> 00:33:39,814 corporate giants with names like Exxon, 484 00:33:39,898 --> 00:33:41,526 Mobil and Chevron 485 00:33:43,364 --> 00:33:44,658 and John Rockefeller 486 00:33:44,742 --> 00:33:46,870 is a shareholder in each new company. 487 00:33:48,457 --> 00:33:50,043 - It's ironic, isn't it? 488 00:33:50,128 --> 00:33:53,258 I mean, it's a great moment in American history 489 00:33:53,342 --> 00:33:55,429 and it established the principle 490 00:33:55,513 --> 00:33:58,518 that monopolistic practices should not be for the future 491 00:33:58,603 --> 00:34:00,522 and that sounds really good. 492 00:34:00,607 --> 00:34:02,568 Except now they were all separate 493 00:34:02,652 --> 00:34:06,159 and my great grandfather had large amounts of stock 494 00:34:06,243 --> 00:34:07,118 in every one of them. 495 00:34:07,203 --> 00:34:09,456 He made more money than he ever made in his life. 496 00:34:11,002 --> 00:34:13,215 The effect on John D. Rockefeller 497 00:34:13,299 --> 00:34:15,719 was absolutely blissful from his point of view. 498 00:34:17,765 --> 00:34:19,100 - NARRATOR: Even in defeat, 499 00:34:19,185 --> 00:34:21,898 John Rockefeller becomes the richest man in the history 500 00:34:21,982 --> 00:34:24,402 of the world with a net worth of almost 501 00:34:24,487 --> 00:34:27,825 $660 billion dollars in today's money. 502 00:34:32,086 --> 00:34:34,840 With the stranglehold of the monopolies over, 503 00:34:34,925 --> 00:34:38,555 Americans now realize that anything is possible 504 00:34:38,641 --> 00:34:40,268 as long as they work together. 505 00:34:41,646 --> 00:34:44,359 The nation is more powerful than ever 506 00:34:44,443 --> 00:34:46,655 and that power will soon be needed. 507 00:35:01,144 --> 00:35:03,814 On a brisk spring morning, two years after 508 00:35:03,898 --> 00:35:08,573 the breakup of standard oil, John Rockefeller joins 509 00:35:08,658 --> 00:35:12,289 his old rival Andrew Carnegie to mourn the loss 510 00:35:12,373 --> 00:35:13,876 of one of their own. 511 00:35:18,928 --> 00:35:21,807 Less than a month from his 76TH birthday, 512 00:35:21,892 --> 00:35:23,853 J.P. Morgan dies in his sleep. 513 00:35:27,612 --> 00:35:31,118 Morgan leaves such a mark on American finance 514 00:35:31,203 --> 00:35:33,874 that the New York Stock Exchange shuts down, 515 00:35:35,461 --> 00:35:38,926 an honor normally reserved for the passing of a president. 516 00:35:41,222 --> 00:35:44,812 - J.P. Morgan certainly was the foremost name in banking 517 00:35:44,896 --> 00:35:47,150 in terms of creating modern finance... 518 00:35:47,860 --> 00:35:52,785 and you can't have a modern economy without a modern, 519 00:35:52,869 --> 00:35:55,125 effective functioning banking system. 520 00:35:56,628 --> 00:36:01,553 He was as influential as any of the Titans of that day. 521 00:36:09,487 --> 00:36:11,531 - NARRATOR: While the old rivals once saw each other 522 00:36:11,615 --> 00:36:13,535 as cutthroat competitors 523 00:36:16,542 --> 00:36:20,132 now, in their twilight years, the fathers of American business 524 00:36:20,216 --> 00:36:22,260 have found a mutual respect. 525 00:36:30,068 --> 00:36:31,863 For Rockefeller and Carnegie, 526 00:36:31,947 --> 00:36:34,076 Morgan's passing is a reminder-- 527 00:36:36,248 --> 00:36:37,583 time is running short 528 00:36:39,295 --> 00:36:41,633 and the realization triggers a new contest. 529 00:36:43,888 --> 00:36:47,017 No longer is their competition about who makes more money, 530 00:36:49,858 --> 00:36:53,364 now the question is who can give more away. 531 00:36:56,371 --> 00:36:58,750 - Andrew Carnegie was the first of the big 532 00:36:58,834 --> 00:37:01,128 capitalists of this era to be bitten by 533 00:37:01,213 --> 00:37:03,259 the philanthropy bug. 534 00:37:04,262 --> 00:37:08,394 He decided that he was going to use his wealth 535 00:37:08,478 --> 00:37:11,607 to good purpose and he said that a man who dies rich 536 00:37:11,694 --> 00:37:13,112 dies disgraced. 537 00:37:14,155 --> 00:37:16,535 - Andrew Carnegie was not a very popular man 538 00:37:16,619 --> 00:37:20,835 among his millionaire friends because he demanded 539 00:37:20,919 --> 00:37:25,010 that the millionaire has to give away all of his money. 540 00:37:26,555 --> 00:37:29,059 - There's nothing wrong with making a lot of money. 541 00:37:29,145 --> 00:37:32,567 Making money is fun. I enjoy that very much. 542 00:37:32,651 --> 00:37:35,990 But I enjoy giving away money, even more so. 543 00:37:37,369 --> 00:37:40,749 - Carnegie gives away more than $350 million dollars 544 00:37:40,833 --> 00:37:42,837 - $67 billion, today. 545 00:37:44,716 --> 00:37:48,221 Most goes to education and his favorite cause--libraries. 546 00:37:49,559 --> 00:37:52,773 As more than 2,500 "Carnegie libraries" 547 00:37:52,857 --> 00:37:55,862 are built in 49 states and around the world. 548 00:37:58,535 --> 00:38:01,666 But even in this contest Carnegie will be bested 549 00:38:01,750 --> 00:38:02,834 by his old rival. 550 00:38:05,633 --> 00:38:08,888 John Rockefeller will outlive Carnegie by 13 years. 551 00:38:10,392 --> 00:38:13,563 That time--and his greater worth--allows him 552 00:38:13,649 --> 00:38:16,528 to give away more money than Carnegie Is ever able to. 553 00:38:19,952 --> 00:38:23,376 Throughout his life Rockefeller has donated millions-- 554 00:38:23,460 --> 00:38:25,547 to his church and numerous universities. 555 00:38:31,142 --> 00:38:34,522 At the age of 73, he creates the Rockefeller 556 00:38:34,606 --> 00:38:38,823 foundation with a personal endowment of $100 million 557 00:38:38,907 --> 00:38:42,621 dollars--the equivalent of 38 billion today. 558 00:38:44,711 --> 00:38:47,088 That money will go on to advance public health 559 00:38:47,173 --> 00:38:49,259 around the world for decades. 560 00:38:50,889 --> 00:38:54,729 - My great-grandfather, he went full bore into philanthropy. 561 00:38:55,607 --> 00:38:59,488 Whether that was a duty under a sort of a Baptist stricture, 562 00:38:59,572 --> 00:39:02,035 or whether it just came pouring out of him, 563 00:39:02,119 --> 00:39:03,705 I'm just not sure. 564 00:39:04,249 --> 00:39:05,959 But it doesn't make any difference, he did it. 565 00:39:07,379 --> 00:39:09,257 - NARRATOR: John Rockefeller will live to be 566 00:39:09,342 --> 00:39:14,518 97 years old and gives away more $530 million dollars 567 00:39:14,602 --> 00:39:15,938 in his lifetime. 568 00:39:16,857 --> 00:39:21,072 Gifts that, today, would total over 100 billion. 569 00:39:21,616 --> 00:39:24,538 - I look at Carnegie, I look at what Rockefeller did 570 00:39:24,622 --> 00:39:26,458 and I revere these people--for the second half 571 00:39:26,543 --> 00:39:28,839 of their lives-- and they certainly are, 572 00:39:28,923 --> 00:39:33,389 they're inspirations to people who have managed 573 00:39:33,473 --> 00:39:35,768 to be able to accumulate some wealth and want to be able 574 00:39:35,853 --> 00:39:38,273 to say, you know what, I now want to help others. 575 00:39:41,197 --> 00:39:42,907 - NARRATOR: As the nation heads deeper into 576 00:39:42,992 --> 00:39:46,540 the 20TH century, millions ofAmericans, 577 00:39:46,624 --> 00:39:49,754 for the first time ever, are able to take part 578 00:39:49,839 --> 00:39:51,132 in the American dream, 579 00:39:51,926 --> 00:39:55,348 employed in well-paid and safe jobs. 580 00:39:56,059 --> 00:39:59,231 Manufacturing products they themselves can now afford. 581 00:40:00,151 --> 00:40:03,573 The country is united with a robust economy 582 00:40:03,657 --> 00:40:06,287 that benefits not just the rich, but everyone. 583 00:40:09,962 --> 00:40:11,797 It's the beginning of one of the longest periods 584 00:40:11,882 --> 00:40:14,303 of prosperity America will ever see. 585 00:40:16,725 --> 00:40:20,607 - It wasn't by accident that the 20th century became, 586 00:40:20,691 --> 00:40:22,903 you know, the American century. 587 00:40:22,988 --> 00:40:26,619 America made the greatest strides in terms 588 00:40:26,703 --> 00:40:29,750 of harnessing these new technologies. 589 00:40:29,834 --> 00:40:33,048 We simply could out produce any other nation 590 00:40:33,132 --> 00:40:36,221 in this world by the time the 20th century rolled around. 591 00:40:36,305 --> 00:40:39,185 And that clearly put us in a position 592 00:40:39,269 --> 00:40:41,607 to drive the global agenda. 593 00:40:42,109 --> 00:40:44,529 It was on the back of the Industrial Revolution. 594 00:40:46,493 --> 00:40:49,288 - NARRATOR: But as World War I breaks out in Europe, 595 00:40:49,374 --> 00:40:51,001 the world looks for help. 596 00:40:52,212 --> 00:40:53,881 It looks to America. 597 00:40:57,222 --> 00:41:01,187 Just 50 years removed from the ashes of the Civil War, 598 00:41:01,272 --> 00:41:03,859 America has become a global super power. 599 00:41:05,947 --> 00:41:09,871 By April of 1917, the country enters the war 600 00:41:09,955 --> 00:41:13,169 sending troops, supplies and weapons. 601 00:41:17,137 --> 00:41:20,016 Resources that will help bring peace to the world. 602 00:41:27,406 --> 00:41:30,286 But those resources would have never been possible 603 00:41:30,370 --> 00:41:32,917 without the contributions of a small group 604 00:41:33,001 --> 00:41:34,336 of visionary men. 605 00:41:35,547 --> 00:41:37,675 Men who sparked a revolution 606 00:41:37,760 --> 00:41:39,846 that forever changed America. 607 00:41:40,892 --> 00:41:43,688 - America was transformed 608 00:41:45,067 --> 00:41:47,069 by the vision, 609 00:41:48,323 --> 00:41:52,372 the incredible hard work and determination, 610 00:41:52,456 --> 00:41:55,753 and the willingness to take big risks 611 00:41:55,838 --> 00:41:57,966 that these men display. 612 00:41:58,844 --> 00:42:01,515 There is also no question that these men 613 00:42:01,599 --> 00:42:05,231 could not have done what they did anywhere else but America, 614 00:42:05,315 --> 00:42:09,698 because this place allows more people to dream 615 00:42:09,782 --> 00:42:12,077 than any other place in the world. 616 00:42:12,162 --> 00:42:15,125 All that matters is how big do you want to dream 617 00:42:15,209 --> 00:42:16,879 and how hard do you want to work? 618 00:42:23,184 --> 00:42:26,648 - NARRATOR: From a broken country into the most powerful 619 00:42:26,733 --> 00:42:29,821 nation on Earth, they didn't discover 620 00:42:29,906 --> 00:42:33,411 this modern America, they built it.