1 00:00:03,587 --> 00:00:06,923 - NARRATOR: Previously on the men who built America... 2 00:00:07,966 --> 00:00:11,344 Fighting back from the bloodshed of the Civil War, 3 00:00:12,429 --> 00:00:15,264 America has grown into one of the most powerful countries 4 00:00:15,349 --> 00:00:16,391 on the planet 5 00:00:17,351 --> 00:00:18,434 fuelled by a group 6 00:00:18,519 --> 00:00:21,396 of visionaries who are building a better future. 7 00:00:22,773 --> 00:00:24,982 Vanderbilt stopped at nothing to connect 8 00:00:25,067 --> 00:00:26,984 the nation via railroads. 9 00:00:27,986 --> 00:00:31,239 - If they want a War-- I'll give them a war. 10 00:00:34,076 --> 00:00:35,868 - NARRATOR: Rockefeller used his trademark 11 00:00:35,953 --> 00:00:38,788 ruthlessness to light homes from coast to coast... 12 00:00:39,123 --> 00:00:41,165 - But what about the Pittsburgh refineries? 13 00:00:41,250 --> 00:00:42,291 - Shut them down. 14 00:00:45,337 --> 00:00:48,089 - NARRATOR: Cities are expanding to the sky 15 00:00:48,465 --> 00:00:52,885 built on the strength of Andrew Carnegie's steel. 16 00:00:54,471 --> 00:00:55,972 - It's impossible. 17 00:00:56,056 --> 00:00:57,432 - Nothing's impossible. 18 00:00:57,850 --> 00:01:00,393 - NARRATOR: And under J.P. Morgan's control, 19 00:01:00,477 --> 00:01:03,020 electricity is starting to power the country. 20 00:01:03,981 --> 00:01:06,232 - EDISON: Long live the electric light. 21 00:01:07,067 --> 00:01:08,276 - (laughter) 22 00:01:08,652 --> 00:01:09,777 - (applause) 23 00:01:10,362 --> 00:01:12,947 - MORGAN: We're in the early days of a new industry. 24 00:01:13,532 --> 00:01:16,159 - NARRATOR: In just 35 short years the nation 25 00:01:16,243 --> 00:01:18,661 has changed faster than anyone could imagine. 26 00:01:20,372 --> 00:01:22,957 But the incredible advancements come with a price. 27 00:01:23,041 --> 00:01:25,960 - All those in favor of striking, raise your hand! 28 00:01:27,004 --> 00:01:29,255 - NARRATOR: An undercurrent of anger is growing... 29 00:01:29,339 --> 00:01:29,839 - Fire! 30 00:01:29,882 --> 00:01:31,132 - (gun fires) 31 00:01:31,216 --> 00:01:33,134 - NARRATOR: And many... - Mr. Frick... 32 00:01:33,218 --> 00:01:34,802 - NARRATOR: are looking to take back control 33 00:01:34,887 --> 00:01:35,845 of the country 34 00:01:37,222 --> 00:01:39,432 but America's most powerful Titans 35 00:01:39,516 --> 00:01:42,101 believe they answer to no one. 36 00:01:43,061 --> 00:01:44,312 - I've heard enough. 37 00:01:45,022 --> 00:01:46,355 This is what's going to happen. 38 00:01:46,440 --> 00:01:47,398 The Morgan bank... 39 00:01:47,483 --> 00:01:48,816 - NARRATOR: And with a Presidential election 40 00:01:48,901 --> 00:01:53,821 on the horizon their next move will shock the world. 41 00:01:56,158 --> 00:02:00,077 - (Blues Saraceno playing "Save My Soul") 42 00:02:10,339 --> 00:02:12,757 ♪ When I got to Memphis ♪ 43 00:02:13,634 --> 00:02:15,384 ♪ I put my old baby down ♪ 44 00:02:16,261 --> 00:02:19,764 ♪ He said I can't take you to Heaven ♪ 45 00:02:21,266 --> 00:02:23,309 ♪ I can't save your soul ♪ 46 00:02:24,645 --> 00:02:26,646 ♪ I can't promise forever ♪ 47 00:02:26,730 --> 00:02:27,772 ♪ Whoo ♪ 48 00:02:29,316 --> 00:02:32,318 ♪ With my heart in your hands ♪ 49 00:02:33,237 --> 00:02:37,448 ♪ I can't feel, fell my soul ♪ 50 00:02:49,962 --> 00:02:54,799 - NARRATOR: After inheriting and expanding his father's 51 00:02:54,883 --> 00:02:57,176 banking empire J.P. Morgan 52 00:02:57,261 --> 00:03:00,429 is now among the most powerful man in the nation. 53 00:03:01,181 --> 00:03:03,349 His influence over the country is matched 54 00:03:03,433 --> 00:03:05,059 by only two other men. 55 00:03:07,604 --> 00:03:09,939 Andrew Carnegie and John D Rockefeller 56 00:03:10,023 --> 00:03:14,277 have been rivals for decades and that competition 57 00:03:14,361 --> 00:03:17,113 has driven both men to incredible heights. 58 00:03:18,782 --> 00:03:21,534 At the peak of their power, J.P. Morgan, 59 00:03:21,618 --> 00:03:23,870 John Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie 60 00:03:23,954 --> 00:03:25,663 are worth the modern equivalent 61 00:03:25,747 --> 00:03:28,082 of over $1 trillion dollars combined. 62 00:03:29,626 --> 00:03:31,544 More than the entire net worth 63 00:03:31,628 --> 00:03:34,046 of the 40 richest people alive today. 64 00:03:35,591 --> 00:03:37,675 - The wealth, then, was like royalty. 65 00:03:37,759 --> 00:03:38,968 It was just a different thing. 66 00:03:39,052 --> 00:03:40,219 They literally controlled the country. 67 00:03:40,304 --> 00:03:41,721 When you're talking about a guy like Rockefeller, 68 00:03:41,805 --> 00:03:43,931 who was literally 1% of the economy, 69 00:03:44,016 --> 00:03:46,267 it's stunning to think about that. 70 00:03:46,351 --> 00:03:48,060 It is almost incomprehensible. 71 00:03:49,646 --> 00:03:50,730 - NARRATOR: But while Carnegie, 72 00:03:50,814 --> 00:03:53,733 Rockefeller and Morgan continue to get richer, 73 00:03:53,817 --> 00:03:55,943 others are struggling to get by. 74 00:03:57,321 --> 00:03:59,697 The gap between the rich and the poor 75 00:03:59,781 --> 00:04:01,449 is as big as it's ever been. 76 00:04:03,827 --> 00:04:06,746 Over 90% ofAmericans survive on less than $100 77 00:04:06,830 --> 00:04:10,166 dollars per month, while the average worker earns 78 00:04:10,250 --> 00:04:13,836 barely a dollar a day-- well below the poverty line. 79 00:04:15,672 --> 00:04:17,465 Working conditions in factories across 80 00:04:17,549 --> 00:04:19,634 the country are almost unbearable. 81 00:04:20,552 --> 00:04:24,639 In a single year, one out of every 11 steel workers 82 00:04:24,723 --> 00:04:26,474 will die while on the job. 83 00:04:31,021 --> 00:04:33,940 As the country approaches the 1896 Presidential 84 00:04:34,024 --> 00:04:39,153 election, America's poor are desperate and without hope. 85 00:04:42,240 --> 00:04:44,784 One man sees the opportunity to harness 86 00:04:44,868 --> 00:04:48,412 their anger and in the process propel himself 87 00:04:48,497 --> 00:04:52,416 to the White House-- William Jennings Bryan. 88 00:04:54,211 --> 00:04:56,879 Bryan runs on a ticket promising equality 89 00:04:56,964 --> 00:05:00,591 for all, vowing to be a voice for the poor 90 00:05:01,134 --> 00:05:04,178 and to take the fight to the country's elite. 91 00:05:05,889 --> 00:05:08,265 - The great combinations of capital have encroached 92 00:05:08,350 --> 00:05:10,184 upon the rights of the masses. 93 00:05:10,268 --> 00:05:12,895 No man can earn a million dollars honestly. 94 00:05:12,980 --> 00:05:14,188 - (applause) 95 00:05:14,773 --> 00:05:18,067 - He made himself the spokesman for the common man. 96 00:05:18,151 --> 00:05:19,902 He was the Great Commoner. 97 00:05:19,987 --> 00:05:22,780 There's no doubt that he tapped into something 98 00:05:22,864 --> 00:05:25,491 that was vital to most Americans 99 00:05:25,575 --> 00:05:27,159 that were not well off. 100 00:05:27,744 --> 00:05:30,746 - Republicans endeavor to overthrow and discredit 101 00:05:30,831 --> 00:05:33,165 all who honestly administer the law 102 00:05:33,250 --> 00:05:36,502 and to allow every wrong doer to operate unchecked 103 00:05:36,586 --> 00:05:38,504 as long as he has enough money. 104 00:05:40,340 --> 00:05:43,050 - The monopolies, the trusts became a target 105 00:05:43,135 --> 00:05:47,221 of Democrats, so that anti-trust became 106 00:05:47,305 --> 00:05:52,768 a rallying cry of everybody who was--well not seen 107 00:05:52,853 --> 00:05:55,855 as in the hip pocket of the corporations themselves. 108 00:05:55,939 --> 00:05:58,024 - I will tear down these trusts. 109 00:05:58,483 --> 00:05:59,984 Do you hear me, Carnegie? 110 00:06:00,277 --> 00:06:01,819 Do you hear me, Rockefeller? 111 00:06:02,446 --> 00:06:03,612 - (applause) 112 00:06:05,157 --> 00:06:06,782 - NARRATOR: Bryan's emergence is the biggest 113 00:06:06,867 --> 00:06:08,701 threat the Titans have ever faced. 114 00:06:09,327 --> 00:06:13,831 He promises to dismantle their companies and to not rest 115 00:06:13,915 --> 00:06:15,958 until they're behind bars. 116 00:06:22,215 --> 00:06:25,259 - CARNEGIE: This is William Jennings Bryan 117 00:06:25,343 --> 00:06:27,178 at a recent Democrat rally. 118 00:06:27,262 --> 00:06:30,681 He's a prohibitionist and a devout Presbyterian. 119 00:06:30,766 --> 00:06:33,100 According to him, Darwin's theory of evolution 120 00:06:33,185 --> 00:06:34,435 is a pack of lies. 121 00:06:34,936 --> 00:06:37,146 He's an enemy of the gold standard and an enemy 122 00:06:37,230 --> 00:06:38,355 of big business. 123 00:06:40,192 --> 00:06:43,152 It is certain that he will win the Democratic nomination. 124 00:06:48,492 --> 00:06:49,867 What do you think? 125 00:06:50,327 --> 00:06:52,745 - The Republican party has a good candidate. 126 00:06:52,829 --> 00:06:56,749 - No. We have to have to buy our own president. 127 00:07:02,631 --> 00:07:04,006 - They took advantage of the strengths. 128 00:07:04,091 --> 00:07:06,675 When you have, you know, what relatively speaking 129 00:07:06,760 --> 00:07:08,511 is an unlimited amount of money, 130 00:07:08,595 --> 00:07:11,180 you can pay people to do almost anything for you. 131 00:07:12,599 --> 00:07:14,934 - NARRATOR: Desperate to protect the empires 132 00:07:15,018 --> 00:07:17,478 they've spent their lifetimes building 133 00:07:17,562 --> 00:07:19,939 the titans throw their full support 134 00:07:20,023 --> 00:07:22,441 behind the candidacy of Ohio Governor, 135 00:07:22,526 --> 00:07:23,901 William McKinley. 136 00:07:25,028 --> 00:07:27,530 - William McKinley's campaign manager was 137 00:07:27,614 --> 00:07:30,449 an industrialist himself and he went, 138 00:07:30,534 --> 00:07:33,452 essentially hat in head, around Wall Street 139 00:07:33,537 --> 00:07:34,787 "dunning them". 140 00:07:34,871 --> 00:07:37,289 Saying, "if McKinley doesn't win, 141 00:07:37,374 --> 00:07:41,168 that crazy man Bryant will be President and if Bryan 142 00:07:41,253 --> 00:07:43,629 is President, don't you realize what that is going 143 00:07:43,713 --> 00:07:45,339 to do to the credibility of the United States 144 00:07:45,423 --> 00:07:46,674 around the world?" 145 00:07:47,259 --> 00:07:49,635 - NARRATOR: The Titans weld more power than any group 146 00:07:49,719 --> 00:07:51,428 of men in American history 147 00:07:54,599 --> 00:07:56,475 and they're about to use it. 148 00:08:00,355 --> 00:08:01,772 - Much appreciated. 149 00:08:05,819 --> 00:08:07,736 This is McKinley's speech that he'll be giving 150 00:08:07,821 --> 00:08:09,530 at the Republican convention. 151 00:08:15,787 --> 00:08:17,830 - Make sure he sees it in time. 152 00:08:17,914 --> 00:08:18,831 - Understood. 153 00:08:20,917 --> 00:08:24,461 - NARRATOR: Rockefeller, Morgan and Carnegie each 154 00:08:24,546 --> 00:08:27,214 give over $200,000 to McKinley. 155 00:08:28,091 --> 00:08:30,885 The equivalent of $20 million dollars today. 156 00:08:32,304 --> 00:08:34,680 The campaign is, by far, the most expensive 157 00:08:34,764 --> 00:08:38,809 in American history and McKinley outspent Bryan 158 00:08:38,894 --> 00:08:41,103 by a factor of five to one. 159 00:08:50,447 --> 00:08:53,199 But they don't just fund their candidate. 160 00:08:53,283 --> 00:08:55,868 The group wields tremendous influence 161 00:08:55,952 --> 00:08:58,204 and they aren't shy about using it. 162 00:09:00,165 --> 00:09:03,292 Suggesting headlines and orchestrating PR campaigns 163 00:09:03,376 --> 00:09:05,628 that end up getting McKinley elected. 164 00:09:06,296 --> 00:09:10,216 - It was easier to buy the publicity that you wanted 165 00:09:10,300 --> 00:09:12,092 in those days, than it is now. 166 00:09:12,177 --> 00:09:15,512 The news media was a smaller market and it was easier 167 00:09:15,597 --> 00:09:18,182 to feed information to your favorite 168 00:09:18,266 --> 00:09:20,476 correspondents than it probably is now. 169 00:09:21,895 --> 00:09:23,687 - NARRATOR: Bryan fights back. 170 00:09:23,772 --> 00:09:25,064 He undertakes the country's 171 00:09:25,148 --> 00:09:26,982 first whistle-stop press tour. 172 00:09:27,817 --> 00:09:30,277 Cross-crossing the nation and talking directly 173 00:09:30,362 --> 00:09:31,570 to the people. 174 00:09:32,364 --> 00:09:35,074 The tour becomes the model for the way Presidential 175 00:09:39,162 --> 00:09:42,248 Bryan gives over 500 speeches to huge crowds 176 00:09:42,332 --> 00:09:43,666 across the country. 177 00:09:44,542 --> 00:09:48,420 - I will put rings in the noses of these hogs. 178 00:09:49,673 --> 00:09:52,091 - NARRATOR: Publicly attacking the nation's richest 179 00:09:52,175 --> 00:09:55,427 and most powerful men and vowing to usher 180 00:09:55,512 --> 00:09:56,804 in a whole new era. 181 00:09:58,014 --> 00:10:00,641 As Bryan's campaign gains traction, 182 00:10:00,725 --> 00:10:03,102 the nation's leading industrialists turn 183 00:10:03,186 --> 00:10:04,478 to fear tactics. 184 00:10:06,189 --> 00:10:09,149 - Many big employers-- many big industrialists 185 00:10:09,234 --> 00:10:12,069 said, "if Bryan wins this election, 186 00:10:12,153 --> 00:10:15,364 business is going to be so bad we're simply closing shop. 187 00:10:15,824 --> 00:10:18,784 So, if Bryan wins on election Tuesday, 188 00:10:18,868 --> 00:10:21,287 don't bother showing up for work on the next day 189 00:10:21,371 --> 00:10:22,997 because there won't be jobs." 190 00:10:23,665 --> 00:10:26,542 Well, if you're a worker and this is something that 191 00:10:26,626 --> 00:10:28,627 confronts you, you're going to think very 192 00:10:28,712 --> 00:10:31,463 seriously--even if you had been intending to vote 193 00:10:31,548 --> 00:10:33,132 for Bryan, which way does... 194 00:10:33,216 --> 00:10:35,301 maybe your heart leans towards Bryant, 195 00:10:35,385 --> 00:10:37,511 but where does your pocketbook point? 196 00:10:39,931 --> 00:10:43,225 - NARRATOR: On election day the lines are drawn. 197 00:10:43,310 --> 00:10:45,602 It's Wall Street versus Main Street, 198 00:10:46,062 --> 00:10:47,563 rich versus poor. 199 00:10:48,273 --> 00:10:51,233 - One of the things of an evolving society is that-- 200 00:10:51,318 --> 00:10:53,110 is the wealth distribution and it's clear that we 201 00:10:53,194 --> 00:10:55,612 argue about today has a corner in every politics. 202 00:10:55,697 --> 00:10:58,198 Is it better with wealth in the hands of a few, 203 00:10:58,283 --> 00:10:59,700 versus distributing among the many, 204 00:10:59,784 --> 00:11:02,661 whether from a moral or an economic point of view. 205 00:11:02,746 --> 00:11:04,955 - NARRATOR: 90% of eligible voters go 206 00:11:05,040 --> 00:11:08,667 to the polls, roughly double recent turnouts. 207 00:11:10,128 --> 00:11:12,671 - In the 1890s voting was a public act and on one 208 00:11:12,756 --> 00:11:15,132 side there was the Republican ballot box 209 00:11:15,216 --> 00:11:16,967 and on the other side was the Democratic ballot box. 210 00:11:17,052 --> 00:11:19,595 And so your foreman or an agent of your foreman 211 00:11:19,679 --> 00:11:21,847 could see who you voted for. 212 00:11:21,931 --> 00:11:26,435 So there was a certain coercion that was employed 213 00:11:26,519 --> 00:11:29,980 by the Republicans upon those urban workers. 214 00:11:30,065 --> 00:11:31,857 They might well have decided what they decided 215 00:11:31,941 --> 00:11:34,151 on their own but this simply made it easier 216 00:11:34,235 --> 00:11:35,736 for them to decide that. 217 00:11:40,241 --> 00:11:42,284 - NARRATOR: When the polls close, 218 00:11:42,369 --> 00:11:44,953 the nation's future hangs in the balance. 219 00:11:49,501 --> 00:11:51,543 For 20 long hours Carnegie, 220 00:11:51,628 --> 00:11:54,671 Morgan and Rockefeller agonize over the results. 221 00:11:56,549 --> 00:11:58,801 Not knowing whether the modern country they helped 222 00:11:58,885 --> 00:12:01,678 to build will still be the same 223 00:12:01,763 --> 00:12:03,722 when all the ballots are counted. 224 00:12:10,647 --> 00:12:12,815 America is at a crossroads. 225 00:12:13,650 --> 00:12:16,193 A small group of men have created the modern 226 00:12:16,277 --> 00:12:19,988 country, building unimagined empires in oil, 227 00:12:20,073 --> 00:12:22,491 steel and electricity. 228 00:12:25,995 --> 00:12:29,790 But now, those empires are being threatened. 229 00:12:33,503 --> 00:12:36,672 People across the country are demanding change. 230 00:12:36,756 --> 00:12:39,591 Outraged over what they see as corrupt business 231 00:12:39,676 --> 00:12:43,971 practices and unbearable conditions for workers. 232 00:12:46,099 --> 00:12:49,768 The 1896 US Presidential election is the 233 00:12:49,853 --> 00:12:53,230 battleground to determine the future of the nation 234 00:12:54,607 --> 00:12:57,109 and the Titans have done everything they can 235 00:12:57,193 --> 00:12:59,736 to make sure the election goes their way. 236 00:13:10,748 --> 00:13:14,585 As America goes to the polls, Andrew Carnegie, 237 00:13:16,212 --> 00:13:21,508 J.P. Morgan and John Rockefeller are forced to wait. 238 00:13:26,264 --> 00:13:29,475 Ultimately, this decision lies in the hands 239 00:13:29,559 --> 00:13:31,143 of the American people. 240 00:13:34,314 --> 00:13:35,981 The country is divided. 241 00:13:36,983 --> 00:13:39,818 Democrat William Jennings Bryant carries the rural 242 00:13:39,903 --> 00:13:41,236 South and Mid-West. 243 00:13:42,780 --> 00:13:44,990 While Ohio Governor, William McKinley, 244 00:13:45,074 --> 00:13:46,909 takes the big money North East. 245 00:13:48,661 --> 00:13:53,707 As the results are tallied the nation holds its breath. 246 00:13:58,046 --> 00:14:02,299 Until, finally, a President is chosen. 247 00:14:09,599 --> 00:14:12,017 - NARRATOR: Rockefeller, Carnegie and Morgan 248 00:14:12,101 --> 00:14:13,393 have dodged a bullet. 249 00:14:13,853 --> 00:14:16,313 The country remains in their control. 250 00:14:17,857 --> 00:14:21,527 With McKinley in office they're free to conduct 251 00:14:21,611 --> 00:14:24,279 business in the way they've become accustomed. 252 00:14:28,326 --> 00:14:29,868 - MAURY KLEIN: After McKinley's election 253 00:14:29,953 --> 00:14:31,870 a number of the issues that had bothered 254 00:14:31,955 --> 00:14:34,665 the big businessmen conveniently went away. 255 00:14:35,416 --> 00:14:39,586 He was a man who was in his philosophy, 256 00:14:39,671 --> 00:14:43,882 in his approach to politics very much 257 00:14:43,967 --> 00:14:45,467 in sympathy with them. 258 00:14:46,135 --> 00:14:48,804 - NARRATOR: McKinley rules back regulation 259 00:14:48,888 --> 00:14:51,098 and profits once again skyrocket. 260 00:14:53,476 --> 00:14:57,354 It's back to business as usual and Carnegie, 261 00:14:57,438 --> 00:15:01,233 Rockefeller and Morgan are set to become even more powerful 262 00:15:01,317 --> 00:15:02,526 than ever before. 263 00:15:12,078 --> 00:15:14,496 They've defeated their common enemy 264 00:15:14,581 --> 00:15:17,165 and with that ultimate goal achieved 265 00:15:17,250 --> 00:15:20,502 their uneasy alliance begins to fray. 266 00:15:23,047 --> 00:15:25,757 Rockefeller is the first to break ranks. 267 00:15:27,302 --> 00:15:31,096 - Because Rockefeller, because Carnegie were so wealthy, 268 00:15:31,180 --> 00:15:32,973 because they had so much money--they had 269 00:15:33,057 --> 00:15:35,267 more money than they could probably reinvest 270 00:15:35,351 --> 00:15:37,811 in their own companies-- they were looking 271 00:15:37,895 --> 00:15:39,521 for things to invest in. 272 00:15:43,443 --> 00:15:45,861 - NARRATOR: John Rockefeller learns 273 00:15:45,945 --> 00:15:49,114 of a massive deposit of iron ore in Northern Minnesota. 274 00:15:50,491 --> 00:15:53,535 The primary material used in production of steel. 275 00:15:57,749 --> 00:16:00,876 Rockefeller knows little about the steel business. 276 00:16:01,377 --> 00:16:03,795 What he does know is that Andrew Carnegie is the 277 00:16:03,880 --> 00:16:08,258 biggest steel producer in the world and that this is 278 00:16:08,343 --> 00:16:12,012 his chance to beat his long time rival at his own game. 279 00:16:14,223 --> 00:16:17,726 - If you were a well-run company competing against 280 00:16:17,810 --> 00:16:20,896 other well-run companies you're coming up 281 00:16:20,980 --> 00:16:23,398 with ideas to jump them. 282 00:16:24,233 --> 00:16:26,026 You're thinking they might do this, 283 00:16:26,110 --> 00:16:27,444 I'm going to do this. 284 00:16:28,112 --> 00:16:30,238 It's not a big complicated thing. 285 00:16:36,120 --> 00:16:37,871 - Rockefeller is a fool. 286 00:16:38,331 --> 00:16:39,289 - How so? 287 00:16:47,173 --> 00:16:48,632 - Should we be worried? 288 00:16:48,716 --> 00:16:49,591 - No. 289 00:16:50,468 --> 00:16:54,137 You can buy iron ore anywhere and the ore from 290 00:16:54,222 --> 00:16:56,264 the Mesabi Mountains is like dust. 291 00:16:56,349 --> 00:16:58,642 It clogs the blast furnaces. 292 00:16:58,976 --> 00:17:01,978 No steel producer in his right mind would buy it. 293 00:17:08,778 --> 00:17:10,862 - (dynamite explosion) 294 00:17:13,241 --> 00:17:15,784 - NARRATOR: But Carnegie is wrong. 295 00:17:15,868 --> 00:17:18,829 Steel manufacturers quickly figure out how 296 00:17:18,913 --> 00:17:22,416 to use the iron ore and Rockefeller immediately 297 00:17:22,500 --> 00:17:25,919 begins supplying it to Carnegie's competitors 298 00:17:26,003 --> 00:17:27,754 at rock bottom prices. 299 00:17:29,841 --> 00:17:32,175 - There are many people who either work 300 00:17:32,260 --> 00:17:35,262 for Carnegie knew how to make steel, could figure out, 301 00:17:35,346 --> 00:17:37,639 well if I could raise a little bit of money 302 00:17:37,724 --> 00:17:40,100 maybe I could start my own steel company and price it 303 00:17:40,184 --> 00:17:42,477 just a little bit lower than Carnegie. 304 00:17:42,562 --> 00:17:43,311 And guess what? 305 00:17:43,354 --> 00:17:46,064 Customers will come to me to buy their steel. 306 00:17:49,235 --> 00:17:51,862 - NARRATOR: As the competition heats up 307 00:17:51,946 --> 00:17:54,322 Carnegie's customers begin to flee. 308 00:17:56,492 --> 00:17:58,326 The impact is devastating. 309 00:17:59,996 --> 00:18:03,415 In just months Carnegie's profits begin to crater. 310 00:18:07,712 --> 00:18:09,963 Sensing weakness Rockefeller devises 311 00:18:10,047 --> 00:18:11,506 a daring scheme. 312 00:18:13,551 --> 00:18:15,761 He's going to build a steel plant. 313 00:18:15,845 --> 00:18:19,014 One to rival anything Andrew Carnegie has ever built. 314 00:18:22,685 --> 00:18:25,479 But Carnegie knows he can't let that happen. 315 00:18:26,397 --> 00:18:28,732 - Carnegie is determined 316 00:18:28,816 --> 00:18:31,276 that nobody is going to take his place. 317 00:18:31,861 --> 00:18:33,653 He's going to build new plants, 318 00:18:33,738 --> 00:18:36,573 he's going to destroy-- if Rockefeller goes 319 00:18:36,657 --> 00:18:38,742 into steel he'll destroy him. 320 00:18:42,789 --> 00:18:44,664 Carnegie calls a meeting. 321 00:18:44,749 --> 00:18:47,334 Hoping to intimidate Rockefeller into staying 322 00:18:47,418 --> 00:18:49,169 out of the steel business. 323 00:18:51,589 --> 00:18:53,673 But Rockefeller didn't become the richest man 324 00:18:53,758 --> 00:18:57,093 in American history by cowering in fear. 325 00:19:00,264 --> 00:19:01,848 - CARNEGIE: Mr. Rockefeller. 326 00:19:01,933 --> 00:19:03,683 - ROCKEFELLER: Mr. Carnegie. 327 00:19:13,611 --> 00:19:15,779 - You don't want to negotiate with me. 328 00:19:16,614 --> 00:19:18,240 I am a great negotiator. 329 00:19:18,616 --> 00:19:20,450 I know I intimidate people. 330 00:19:20,535 --> 00:19:21,660 I understand that. 331 00:19:21,744 --> 00:19:23,870 I get it, and I understand why, 332 00:19:23,955 --> 00:19:26,414 and I don't want to intimidate anybody, 333 00:19:26,499 --> 00:19:28,375 unless they try to hurt me. 334 00:19:28,459 --> 00:19:29,960 Then I hurt them back. 335 00:19:31,963 --> 00:19:35,048 - NARRATOR: Their rivalry has lasted for decades 336 00:19:35,132 --> 00:19:38,426 but now--for the first time ever--Carnegie 337 00:19:38,511 --> 00:19:41,137 and Rockefeller are locking horns directly. 338 00:19:44,308 --> 00:19:48,562 The negotiations last for months and neither man 339 00:19:48,646 --> 00:19:50,438 is willing to give in. 340 00:19:51,148 --> 00:19:52,941 - Negotiating is a real art. 341 00:19:53,734 --> 00:19:56,862 It's an art and a great negotiator, 342 00:19:56,946 --> 00:20:00,073 is like a great surgeon, and the--they're very, very rare. 343 00:20:00,157 --> 00:20:01,575 You don't see it often. 344 00:20:02,493 --> 00:20:05,704 - NARRATOR: Rockefeller has already made a fortune in oil. 345 00:20:05,788 --> 00:20:07,247 His investment in steel 346 00:20:07,331 --> 00:20:09,791 is just a small part of his portfolio. 347 00:20:11,252 --> 00:20:13,587 - CARLY FIORINA: You have to be willing to walk away. 348 00:20:13,671 --> 00:20:15,589 You have to be willing to walk away. 349 00:20:15,673 --> 00:20:19,134 And people who won't walk away from a deal, 350 00:20:19,218 --> 00:20:21,303 in my experience, end up making bad deals. 351 00:20:21,387 --> 00:20:25,849 - NARRATOR: Carnegie knows he has little choice. 352 00:20:28,185 --> 00:20:31,104 In order to stay on top, he needs to do whatever 353 00:20:31,188 --> 00:20:35,442 it takes to keep Rockefeller out of steel. 354 00:20:38,195 --> 00:20:41,031 - CARNEGIE: I will buy the entire output of your mines. 355 00:20:42,575 --> 00:20:46,620 In return, you will renounce your decision 356 00:20:46,704 --> 00:20:48,371 to construct a steel mill. 357 00:20:54,211 --> 00:20:55,545 - ROCKEFELLER: Agreed. 358 00:21:01,552 --> 00:21:03,345 - They both knew that at some point they would have 359 00:21:03,429 --> 00:21:07,182 to reach a deal in which neither got everything he wanted. 360 00:21:07,266 --> 00:21:09,643 But neither got destroyed in the process. 361 00:21:09,727 --> 00:21:12,062 Rockefeller and Carnegie, in the end, 362 00:21:12,146 --> 00:21:15,815 were smart enough to know that they were both 363 00:21:15,900 --> 00:21:19,027 too big to get into a battle. 364 00:21:21,572 --> 00:21:24,157 - NARRATOR: The agreement is one of the most satisfying 365 00:21:24,241 --> 00:21:25,742 of Rockefeller's career. 366 00:21:27,078 --> 00:21:29,496 He's forced his biggest rival to hand over 367 00:21:29,580 --> 00:21:34,834 a fortune in exchange for an iron ore mine he never had 368 00:21:34,919 --> 00:21:37,087 much interest in owning. 369 00:21:41,133 --> 00:21:43,093 Rockefeller may have gotten the better 370 00:21:43,177 --> 00:21:46,972 of Carnegie but their deal has drawn the attention 371 00:21:47,056 --> 00:21:52,060 of another rival who envisions something even bigger. 372 00:21:59,276 --> 00:22:02,737 America has expanded more in the last three decades 373 00:22:02,822 --> 00:22:05,198 than any country on Earth. 374 00:22:06,826 --> 00:22:09,244 Covering the breadth of the continent, 375 00:22:09,328 --> 00:22:11,621 its prosperity is built on oil, 376 00:22:11,706 --> 00:22:14,624 steel and electricity. 377 00:22:17,586 --> 00:22:23,591 John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie and J.P. Morgan 378 00:22:24,802 --> 00:22:27,095 amassed mind-boggling fortunes 379 00:22:28,305 --> 00:22:29,806 and became targets. 380 00:22:30,850 --> 00:22:34,102 But after teaming up to put their man in the White House, 381 00:22:36,731 --> 00:22:39,315 they're now free to do whatever they want. 382 00:22:41,902 --> 00:22:44,571 - Every great business leader I've ever met, 383 00:22:44,655 --> 00:22:47,407 in addition to being very smart, very driven, 384 00:22:47,491 --> 00:22:49,200 they have this "Why not me? 385 00:22:49,285 --> 00:22:51,077 Screw it. I deserve it. Let's go." 386 00:22:51,162 --> 00:22:54,372 And if you don't have that you can't achieve greatness. 387 00:22:56,000 --> 00:22:57,250 - NARRATOR: J.P. Morgan 388 00:22:57,334 --> 00:23:00,045 has risen to power by consolidating broken 389 00:23:00,129 --> 00:23:03,006 industries and eliminating competition, 390 00:23:04,508 --> 00:23:06,801 and after Carnegie's deal with Rockefeller, 391 00:23:09,847 --> 00:23:12,640 he sees the potential to apply his model 392 00:23:12,725 --> 00:23:14,476 to the steel business. 393 00:23:15,519 --> 00:23:19,773 - Morgan had much more power than he had wealth 394 00:23:19,857 --> 00:23:24,778 and he understood that he could have more influence 395 00:23:24,862 --> 00:23:27,238 over the economy than Rockefeller, 396 00:23:27,323 --> 00:23:30,658 than Carnegie, than just about anybody else. 397 00:23:31,952 --> 00:23:36,289 And he used this to pursue his vision of the American economy. 398 00:23:38,292 --> 00:23:41,878 - NARRATOR: Morgan's years of deal making have left 399 00:23:41,962 --> 00:23:44,297 him with a controlling interest in companies 400 00:23:44,381 --> 00:23:48,009 ranging from manufacturing, to mining, 401 00:23:48,385 --> 00:23:49,552 to railroads. 402 00:23:50,971 --> 00:23:56,392 One industry brings all those others together--steel. 403 00:24:00,606 --> 00:24:04,943 - J.P. Morgan believes that some individual 404 00:24:05,903 --> 00:24:11,241 has to bring sense and has to bring order to American 405 00:24:11,325 --> 00:24:12,367 capitalism. 406 00:24:14,286 --> 00:24:19,415 Morgan wants to end the cutthroat competition in steel 407 00:24:21,085 --> 00:24:24,420 and the only way to do that is to bring 408 00:24:24,505 --> 00:24:28,800 together the competitors into one new company. 409 00:24:30,219 --> 00:24:33,012 - NARRATOR: If Morgan can consolidate steel, 410 00:24:33,097 --> 00:24:35,431 he could potentially create the largest 411 00:24:35,516 --> 00:24:37,475 corporate empire in the world. 412 00:24:39,353 --> 00:24:41,479 But do to that, J.P. Morgan 413 00:24:41,564 --> 00:24:43,481 will need to pull off his biggest 414 00:24:43,566 --> 00:24:48,403 and most daring move yet-- a complete takeover 415 00:24:48,487 --> 00:24:50,989 ofAndrew Carnegie's empire. 416 00:24:54,201 --> 00:24:56,619 Morgan's timing is impeccable. 417 00:24:57,705 --> 00:25:01,583 Carnegie, after years of bruising battles, 418 00:25:02,626 --> 00:25:04,919 is questioning his future. 419 00:25:11,802 --> 00:25:14,554 - Carnegie knew that as long as he wanted to, 420 00:25:14,638 --> 00:25:18,766 he could continue to reign supreme in steel. 421 00:25:20,102 --> 00:25:22,937 He didn't know that he wanted to keep fighting 422 00:25:23,022 --> 00:25:24,439 for the rest of his life. 423 00:25:26,317 --> 00:25:28,568 - NARRATOR: Morgan knows 424 00:25:28,652 --> 00:25:30,778 he can't go after Carnegie directly. 425 00:25:31,530 --> 00:25:33,114 He needs another way in. 426 00:25:33,991 --> 00:25:36,659 So he sets up a meeting with Carnegie's right-hand 427 00:25:36,744 --> 00:25:38,536 man, Charles Schwab. 428 00:25:47,004 --> 00:25:49,172 - How long have your worked for Carnegie? 429 00:25:49,506 --> 00:25:50,924 - Over 1 5 years. 430 00:25:52,635 --> 00:25:54,510 - I guess he'd hate it if you left. 431 00:25:55,930 --> 00:25:57,347 - No one is indispensable. 432 00:25:58,015 --> 00:25:59,933 - You've doubled profits at Carnegie Steel every 433 00:26:00,017 --> 00:26:01,476 year for the past 5 years. 434 00:26:03,395 --> 00:26:04,854 - Times have been good. 435 00:26:04,939 --> 00:26:06,564 Carnegie is a very easy boss. 436 00:26:07,233 --> 00:26:09,150 - What if you were your own boss? 437 00:26:10,319 --> 00:26:11,319 - Of what? 438 00:26:12,196 --> 00:26:14,155 - I am going to buy Carnegie Steel. 439 00:26:14,865 --> 00:26:17,116 And you are going to be President 440 00:26:17,201 --> 00:26:18,993 of the world's largest company. 441 00:26:20,246 --> 00:26:22,121 - With all due respect, Mr. Morgan, 442 00:26:22,206 --> 00:26:24,624 Carnegie would kill your idea at birth. 443 00:26:25,084 --> 00:26:26,709 Carnegie would never sell. 444 00:26:27,753 --> 00:26:29,420 - Everyone has their price. 445 00:26:30,798 --> 00:26:33,007 You just have to find out what it is. 446 00:26:50,526 --> 00:26:51,359 CARNEGIE: Did you know, Charles, 447 00:26:51,443 --> 00:26:53,945 that the game of golf was invented in Scotland? 448 00:26:54,029 --> 00:26:55,029 - I did not. 449 00:26:55,572 --> 00:26:57,699 So, do they treat you like a king when you return 450 00:26:57,783 --> 00:26:58,992 home to Scotland? 451 00:26:59,076 --> 00:27:00,535 - I suppose they do. 452 00:27:02,538 --> 00:27:05,665 - And then you came to America and became a king-- 453 00:27:05,749 --> 00:27:06,874 of industry. 454 00:27:07,751 --> 00:27:09,377 You created your own destiny. 455 00:27:11,255 --> 00:27:13,131 - Destiny is not a matter of chance. 456 00:27:13,215 --> 00:27:14,674 It's a matter of choice. 457 00:27:15,801 --> 00:27:16,759 - Exactly. 458 00:27:18,762 --> 00:27:20,013 Quote from Shakespeare? 459 00:27:20,097 --> 00:27:20,972 - No. 460 00:27:21,557 --> 00:27:23,433 William Jennings Bryan said it. 461 00:27:24,768 --> 00:27:27,520 And we three kings of industry have robbed him 462 00:27:27,604 --> 00:27:28,813 of his destiny. 463 00:27:28,897 --> 00:27:30,440 - Yeah. For the greater good. 464 00:27:30,524 --> 00:27:31,858 To create more wealth. 465 00:27:32,568 --> 00:27:35,486 - Only if that wealth is used for the benefit of mankind. 466 00:27:37,197 --> 00:27:40,283 - You know, if you were to sell Carnegie Steel, 467 00:27:40,367 --> 00:27:43,494 you could spend the rest of your life benefiting mankind. 468 00:27:45,039 --> 00:27:48,416 - Alas, there is not one person in the world 469 00:27:48,500 --> 00:27:50,960 with enough money to buy Carnegie Steel. 470 00:27:52,129 --> 00:27:53,588 - Save J.P. Morgan. 471 00:27:58,510 --> 00:28:00,678 Supposing Morgan did want to buy. 472 00:28:02,431 --> 00:28:04,140 What would be your price? 473 00:28:12,441 --> 00:28:16,277 - Carnegie wasn't gonna do any price haggling with Morgan. 474 00:28:16,653 --> 00:28:19,530 Carnegie writes done four hundred and eighty million 475 00:28:19,615 --> 00:28:21,032 on a piece of paper. 476 00:28:21,450 --> 00:28:24,035 It's the equivalent of four hundred billion today. 477 00:28:24,119 --> 00:28:26,746 More than Gates and Buffet together. 478 00:28:28,082 --> 00:28:29,874 NARRATOR: Carnegie has dared J.P. Morgan 479 00:28:29,958 --> 00:28:32,293 to buy him out for an outrageous price. 480 00:28:34,380 --> 00:28:37,256 A sum that is higher than the entire budget 481 00:28:37,341 --> 00:28:39,467 of the U.S. Federal Government. 482 00:28:47,434 --> 00:28:48,935 - I have a price. 483 00:29:02,491 --> 00:29:04,951 - NARRATOR: America is on the move. 484 00:29:05,035 --> 00:29:07,745 After decades of unprecedented growth, 485 00:29:07,830 --> 00:29:10,206 the country has emerged as one of the leading 486 00:29:10,290 --> 00:29:12,333 industrial powers in the world. 487 00:29:14,628 --> 00:29:18,089 J.P. Morgan has consolidated business for years 488 00:29:18,549 --> 00:29:22,677 and now he's set his sights on Andrew Carnegie's steel empire. 489 00:29:23,804 --> 00:29:28,599 Hoping to take it over and create a monopoly in steel. 490 00:29:30,185 --> 00:29:33,729 But Carnegie has spent a lifetime building his company, 491 00:29:33,814 --> 00:29:35,648 rising from nothing to become 492 00:29:35,732 --> 00:29:38,443 one of the most powerful men in America. 493 00:29:39,403 --> 00:29:43,531 Convincing him to sell will take an astronomical 494 00:29:43,615 --> 00:29:44,866 amount of money. 495 00:29:54,251 --> 00:29:55,710 - I have a price. 496 00:30:05,512 --> 00:30:07,680 - Have Carnegie come and meet me. 497 00:30:10,142 --> 00:30:11,893 Tell him the answer's yes. 498 00:30:28,494 --> 00:30:30,244 - CARNEGIE: I believe that's the earliest 499 00:30:30,329 --> 00:30:32,914 in the day that I've ever drunk champagne. 500 00:30:34,833 --> 00:30:36,709 - Congratulations, Carnegie. 501 00:30:37,169 --> 00:30:39,629 You're now the richest man in the world. 502 00:30:40,756 --> 00:30:42,882 - Would you have said yes, Morgan, 503 00:30:42,966 --> 00:30:45,218 if I had asked for $100 million more? 504 00:30:47,262 --> 00:30:48,763 - Goodbye, Carnegie. 505 00:30:57,648 --> 00:31:01,651 - NARRATOR: For 30 years Andrew Carnegie 506 00:31:01,735 --> 00:31:05,738 has battled John D. Rockefeller for the title 507 00:31:05,822 --> 00:31:07,782 ofAmerica's richest man 508 00:31:09,034 --> 00:31:11,744 and now he's finally surpassed him. 509 00:31:13,705 --> 00:31:16,499 The deal gives Carnegie a personal net worth 510 00:31:16,583 --> 00:31:20,127 of $310 billion dollars in today's money. 511 00:31:21,380 --> 00:31:24,340 The largest private fortune the modern world 512 00:31:24,424 --> 00:31:25,633 has ever seen. 513 00:31:34,851 --> 00:31:39,313 - Initially there is this enormous let down. 514 00:31:40,649 --> 00:31:44,777 He can't quite believe now that he has no connection 515 00:31:44,861 --> 00:31:46,862 with Pittsburgh or his mills. 516 00:31:47,364 --> 00:31:49,574 That there is no Carnegie Steel anymore 517 00:31:49,658 --> 00:31:53,286 and I think it's hard for him to get used to that. 518 00:31:55,247 --> 00:31:59,083 - If somebody accepts the ask too quickly, 519 00:31:59,167 --> 00:32:02,545 then you think there was more room there. 520 00:32:03,046 --> 00:32:05,172 But I never like to look back. 521 00:32:05,799 --> 00:32:07,842 I'm a very forward thinking person 522 00:32:07,926 --> 00:32:11,053 and a very positive thinking person, and the transactions 523 00:32:11,138 --> 00:32:13,848 that I did, or did not do, I very rarely have 524 00:32:13,932 --> 00:32:15,683 any remorse over a situation. 525 00:32:16,268 --> 00:32:17,351 I like to move on. 526 00:32:22,274 --> 00:32:27,194 - NARRATOR: J.P. Morgan calls his new company, U.S. Steel. 527 00:32:27,279 --> 00:32:30,865 It's instantly the biggest corporation in the world. 528 00:32:31,158 --> 00:32:34,201 The first company in history to be worth more 529 00:32:34,286 --> 00:32:38,748 than 1 billion dollars and it will dominate the steel 530 00:32:38,832 --> 00:32:41,417 business for almost 100 years, 531 00:32:41,501 --> 00:32:43,586 virtually unchallenged. 532 00:32:45,464 --> 00:32:47,506 But the creation of U.S. Steel 533 00:32:47,591 --> 00:32:51,260 is only possible in this new era of unchecked monopolies. 534 00:32:53,263 --> 00:32:56,265 An era Morgan helped create when he and his rivals 535 00:32:56,350 --> 00:32:58,684 put their President in the White House. 536 00:33:06,109 --> 00:33:08,444 They may have helped to buy the President, 537 00:33:08,528 --> 00:33:11,155 but they can't avoid politics forever. 538 00:33:12,199 --> 00:33:13,908 Their power over the nation's biggest 539 00:33:13,992 --> 00:33:16,285 industries soon catches the attention 540 00:33:16,370 --> 00:33:20,456 of an emerging politician, Theodore Roosevelt. 541 00:33:22,000 --> 00:33:26,712 - Roosevelt was the kind of figure that had to dominate, 542 00:33:26,797 --> 00:33:29,006 had to, in a sense, own the room. 543 00:33:35,681 --> 00:33:38,933 - NARRATOR: Roosevelt is from a wealthy New York 544 00:33:39,017 --> 00:33:41,977 family and could have become a businessman like 545 00:33:42,062 --> 00:33:46,232 Carnegie or Rockefeller, but he took a different path. 546 00:33:47,359 --> 00:33:51,445 Foregoing a career in business for one in politics. 547 00:33:53,949 --> 00:33:56,784 But the young Roosevelt had an image problem. 548 00:33:57,202 --> 00:34:00,287 His fancy clothes and upper class demeanor 549 00:34:00,372 --> 00:34:02,164 left him open to ridicule. 550 00:34:04,042 --> 00:34:06,669 He took great pains to remake his image 551 00:34:08,004 --> 00:34:11,048 posing in a New York City photography studio dressed 552 00:34:11,133 --> 00:34:15,469 as a Badlands hunter with a $500 engraved silver 553 00:34:15,554 --> 00:34:17,805 hunting knife from Tiffany's. 554 00:34:18,473 --> 00:34:21,559 The images help Roosevelt transform himself 555 00:34:21,643 --> 00:34:24,854 from a wealthy New York aristocrat into a man 556 00:34:24,938 --> 00:34:26,188 of the people. 557 00:34:26,857 --> 00:34:29,024 And, as Roosevelt enlists in the army, 558 00:34:30,026 --> 00:34:32,778 the image he manufactured becomes real. 559 00:34:34,740 --> 00:34:36,532 - HW BRANDS: Theodore Roosevelt became a hero 560 00:34:36,616 --> 00:34:38,534 during the Spanish-American war. 561 00:34:39,369 --> 00:34:42,329 And the republican boss of New York state 562 00:34:42,414 --> 00:34:44,957 said to Theodore Roosevelt, "you're my boy." 563 00:34:45,041 --> 00:34:48,002 Got him the Republican nomination and by virtue 564 00:34:48,086 --> 00:34:51,547 of his heroism became New York Governor. 565 00:34:52,799 --> 00:34:54,800 Roosevelt quickly demonstrated 566 00:34:54,885 --> 00:34:56,552 an independent streak. 567 00:34:56,636 --> 00:34:59,388 Roosevelt could not be manipulated at all. 568 00:35:01,057 --> 00:35:03,017 - NARRATOR: As Governor of New York, 569 00:35:03,101 --> 00:35:06,395 Roosevelt passes laws clamping down on big business. 570 00:35:08,565 --> 00:35:10,024 His biggest targets are 571 00:35:10,108 --> 00:35:12,401 the nation's most powerful monopolies 572 00:35:14,279 --> 00:35:16,447 and the men behind them. 573 00:35:18,492 --> 00:35:22,244 But Rockefeller and Morgan know they can't buy Roosevelt 574 00:35:23,622 --> 00:35:26,540 so they set out to make him as weak as possible. 575 00:35:28,919 --> 00:35:31,796 - One way to figure out how to keep Roosevelt 576 00:35:31,880 --> 00:35:34,924 from becoming a major figure at the national level 577 00:35:35,342 --> 00:35:37,384 is to make him Vice President. 578 00:35:37,469 --> 00:35:40,596 Because the Vice President doesn't really have much to do. 579 00:35:42,015 --> 00:35:44,683 - NARRATOR: Heading into a new election year 580 00:35:44,768 --> 00:35:46,852 it's a rematch of 1896. 581 00:35:47,562 --> 00:35:50,022 McKinley versus William Jennings Bryan. 582 00:35:50,607 --> 00:35:52,942 Through a series of backroom deals, 583 00:35:53,026 --> 00:35:55,236 some of the nation's richest and most powerful 584 00:35:55,320 --> 00:35:58,614 men convince McKinley to put Roosevelt on the ticket. 585 00:35:59,324 --> 00:36:01,116 - The vice presidency, in those days, 586 00:36:01,201 --> 00:36:04,245 was a place where people went to disappear. 587 00:36:04,329 --> 00:36:05,454 They became vice president, 588 00:36:05,539 --> 00:36:06,747 were never heard from again. 589 00:36:06,832 --> 00:36:09,458 It was almost like a modern witness protection program. 590 00:36:11,586 --> 00:36:13,254 - NARRATOR: McKinley is re-elected 591 00:36:13,338 --> 00:36:17,842 by a comfortable margin and Roosevelt is sworn in 592 00:36:17,926 --> 00:36:19,593 as Vice President. 593 00:36:21,680 --> 00:36:24,306 With their man still in the White House 594 00:36:24,391 --> 00:36:27,059 and their nemesis in a powerless position, 595 00:36:29,437 --> 00:36:31,021 Rockefeller and Morgan think 596 00:36:31,106 --> 00:36:33,148 they have protected their empires. 597 00:36:34,985 --> 00:36:36,735 But their clever ploy 598 00:36:39,155 --> 00:36:40,322 may backfire. 599 00:36:50,375 --> 00:36:53,961 President William McKinley is re-elected to a second term 600 00:36:55,213 --> 00:36:58,257 and Aspiring trust buster Theodore Roosevelt 601 00:36:58,341 --> 00:37:00,342 is installed as Vice President. 602 00:37:00,844 --> 00:37:03,721 A clever play to silence his influence. 603 00:37:04,890 --> 00:37:07,766 With McKinley in office for another four years, 604 00:37:07,851 --> 00:37:09,935 John Rockefeller and J.P. Morgan 605 00:37:10,020 --> 00:37:12,688 have the freedom to expand their empires 606 00:37:12,772 --> 00:37:14,523 to unprecedented heights. 607 00:37:17,193 --> 00:37:21,030 In September of 1901 President McKinley travels 608 00:37:21,114 --> 00:37:25,284 to Buffalo to give a speech heralding America's prosperity. 609 00:37:26,995 --> 00:37:29,538 But that prosperity hasn't reached everyone. 610 00:37:30,415 --> 00:37:35,252 Many are still struggling to survive and they're fed up 611 00:37:35,337 --> 00:37:38,797 with McKinley's close relationship with big business. 612 00:37:51,394 --> 00:37:54,605 Leon Czolgosz is a former factory worker 613 00:37:57,233 --> 00:38:00,069 who recently lost his job at a company J.P. Morgan 614 00:38:00,153 --> 00:38:04,031 took over during the creation of U.S. Steel. 615 00:38:06,701 --> 00:38:10,037 As Czolgosz struggled, he took refuge 616 00:38:10,121 --> 00:38:12,414 in the growing anarchist movement. 617 00:38:13,959 --> 00:38:16,168 He became convinced that the Government is helping 618 00:38:16,252 --> 00:38:18,003 the rich exploit the poor 619 00:38:20,298 --> 00:38:23,258 and he's determined to put an end to it. 620 00:38:59,629 --> 00:39:00,921 - (gun fires) 621 00:39:06,094 --> 00:39:08,762 - NARRATOR: Eight days after the shooting, 622 00:39:08,847 --> 00:39:13,600 William McKinley succumbs to his injuries becoming 623 00:39:13,685 --> 00:39:17,354 the third American President to be killed in office. 624 00:39:20,817 --> 00:39:23,152 For America's most powerful men, 625 00:39:23,236 --> 00:39:25,404 it's the worst case scenario. 626 00:39:25,488 --> 00:39:29,283 An assassin's bullet has robbed them of their president, 627 00:39:29,367 --> 00:39:31,952 a man they spent millions to get elected 628 00:39:33,038 --> 00:39:36,582 and with his death their worst enemy comes to power. 629 00:39:39,377 --> 00:39:41,628 Teddy Roosevelt is about to become 630 00:39:41,713 --> 00:39:43,714 the leader of the free world. 631 00:39:58,772 --> 00:40:01,607 - Mr. Roosevelt. Very good to meet you, Sir. 632 00:40:02,150 --> 00:40:05,486 - The plan of having Roosevelt buried, 633 00:40:05,570 --> 00:40:07,529 in effect, in the vice presidency completely 634 00:40:07,614 --> 00:40:09,990 backfired because who could've predicted 635 00:40:10,075 --> 00:40:11,200 what would happen? 636 00:40:11,284 --> 00:40:12,785 And what would happen so quickly 637 00:40:12,869 --> 00:40:14,995 after the election of the 1900. 638 00:40:15,080 --> 00:40:18,123 - Theodore Roosevelt, raise your right hand. 639 00:40:18,208 --> 00:40:21,627 Do you, Theodore Roosevelt solemnly swear that you 640 00:40:21,711 --> 00:40:24,046 will faithfully execute the office 641 00:40:24,130 --> 00:40:26,799 of President of the United States. 642 00:40:27,801 --> 00:40:29,885 And to the best of your ability, 643 00:40:29,969 --> 00:40:32,638 preserve, protect and defend 644 00:40:32,722 --> 00:40:36,225 the constitution of the United States. 645 00:40:36,309 --> 00:40:38,977 - ROOSEVELT: And thus, I swear! 646 00:40:41,606 --> 00:40:43,607 Now. Let's get started. 647 00:40:44,943 --> 00:40:46,235 - Started. Yes. 648 00:40:47,445 --> 00:40:50,989 - Roosevelt insisted that the big capitalists 649 00:40:51,074 --> 00:40:54,368 recognize that they were mere capitalists. 650 00:40:54,452 --> 00:40:56,870 And that the elected officials of the country, 651 00:40:56,955 --> 00:40:59,623 were the ones that the people had chosen. 652 00:40:59,707 --> 00:41:02,876 Nobody elected J.P. Morgan to anything. 653 00:41:04,129 --> 00:41:06,672 Nobody elected John D. Rockefeller to anything. 654 00:41:07,465 --> 00:41:10,425 But the people had, well, indirectly elected 655 00:41:10,510 --> 00:41:12,052 Theodore Roosevelt President and he was going 656 00:41:12,137 --> 00:41:13,345 to make the most of it. 657 00:41:17,183 --> 00:41:19,268 - Roosevelt quickly launches a campaign 658 00:41:19,352 --> 00:41:24,565 against the nation's largest trusts and his first target 659 00:41:24,649 --> 00:41:28,777 is a railroad conglomerate owned by J.P. Morgan. 660 00:41:29,988 --> 00:41:32,364 - Morgan demanded to see the President. 661 00:41:32,448 --> 00:41:34,867 So he stormed down from New York to Washington, 662 00:41:34,951 --> 00:41:36,368 went into the White House. 663 00:41:36,452 --> 00:41:38,412 And he said, I don't understand, he said, 664 00:41:38,496 --> 00:41:41,290 if we got a problem, send your man to my man 665 00:41:41,374 --> 00:41:42,708 and they'll fix it up. 666 00:41:42,792 --> 00:41:43,959 And Roosevelt said, 667 00:41:44,043 --> 00:41:46,420 "This is exactly the problem with Morgan. 668 00:41:46,504 --> 00:41:50,591 He acts as though I'm just a rival boss or something." 669 00:41:50,675 --> 00:41:53,677 And Morgan, who thought that he could manipulate 670 00:41:53,761 --> 00:41:55,929 Roosevelt, discovered that Roosevelt could not be 671 00:41:56,014 --> 00:41:57,389 manipulated at all. 672 00:41:58,141 --> 00:42:01,435 - NARRATOR: Roosevelt refuses to back down from Morgan. 673 00:42:01,519 --> 00:42:03,979 He sues his company in Federal court. 674 00:42:04,898 --> 00:42:07,232 The first Government anti-trust case 675 00:42:07,317 --> 00:42:09,234 filed against a major corporation. 676 00:42:11,863 --> 00:42:15,199 Roosevelt goes on to win and Morgan's railroad 677 00:42:15,283 --> 00:42:17,159 monopoly is broken up. 678 00:42:19,370 --> 00:42:22,080 It's a stunning setback for J.P. Morgan. 679 00:42:22,165 --> 00:42:24,708 One he'll agonize over for years 680 00:42:29,714 --> 00:42:33,675 and it's a sign of things to come for his fellow Titans. 681 00:42:34,886 --> 00:42:37,304 Roosevelt is elected to a second term 682 00:42:37,388 --> 00:42:39,473 and over the course of his administration, 683 00:42:39,557 --> 00:42:41,934 he files suit against dozens of trusts. 684 00:42:43,603 --> 00:42:45,979 It's a time of great change for the nation. 685 00:42:47,273 --> 00:42:50,567 J.P. Morgan, John Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie 686 00:42:51,069 --> 00:42:54,488 suddenly find Themselves as members of an old guard. 687 00:42:55,615 --> 00:42:58,992 Aging Titans forced to defend their fading empires. 688 00:43:03,081 --> 00:43:04,790 But as other monopolies fall, 689 00:43:05,667 --> 00:43:07,876 one target refuses to go down. 690 00:43:09,796 --> 00:43:12,172 John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil 691 00:43:12,257 --> 00:43:13,632 had managed to hold off 692 00:43:13,716 --> 00:43:16,051 a break up over multiple administrations. 693 00:43:17,262 --> 00:43:20,847 But Rockefeller won't be able to hide forever. 694 00:43:26,145 --> 00:43:28,146 - Standard Oil got the reputation 695 00:43:28,231 --> 00:43:30,482 as the most hated company in America. 696 00:43:31,276 --> 00:43:36,738 It became literally the symbol for big business evils. 697 00:43:38,157 --> 00:43:41,493 It was an example of big businesses getting 698 00:43:41,577 --> 00:43:45,163 way too much power and nothing, or no one, 699 00:43:45,248 --> 00:43:46,790 available to restrain them. 700 00:43:47,375 --> 00:43:49,251 - NARRATOR: The Government files Suit against 701 00:43:49,335 --> 00:43:52,170 Standard Oil--in what promises to be the biggest 702 00:43:52,255 --> 00:43:54,881 anti-trust case of all time-- 703 00:43:57,176 --> 00:44:00,053 and the Government is hoping their lead witness 704 00:44:00,138 --> 00:44:02,681 will be John D. Rockefeller himself. 705 00:44:04,600 --> 00:44:09,563 The feds issue a subpoena and Rockefeller goes on the run. 706 00:44:10,982 --> 00:44:14,276 From California, to Maine, to Key West... 707 00:44:14,610 --> 00:44:16,445 The most powerful man in America 708 00:44:17,655 --> 00:44:19,698 has become a fugitive from justice. 709 00:44:20,742 --> 00:44:22,951 - He went all over the country to escape 710 00:44:23,036 --> 00:44:25,370 being served subpoenas. 711 00:44:25,455 --> 00:44:28,332 You know, he was constantly running from the law. 712 00:44:29,375 --> 00:44:32,753 - NARRATOR: Rockefeller avoids the subpoenas for months. 713 00:44:32,837 --> 00:44:34,629 But life intervenes. 714 00:44:41,721 --> 00:44:44,639 His son, John Jnr., and his wife welcome 715 00:44:44,724 --> 00:44:47,476 the first Rockefeller grandson into the world. 716 00:44:49,062 --> 00:44:51,021 Still on the run from the subpoena, 717 00:44:51,105 --> 00:44:54,107 Rockefeller is unable to travel to see his grandchild 718 00:44:55,318 --> 00:44:57,486 and the absence is unbearable. 719 00:44:58,696 --> 00:45:00,822 - DEVIL BILL: I'm only here for one day. 720 00:45:00,907 --> 00:45:03,825 Once I'm gone I am gone and I may not be back. 721 00:45:07,705 --> 00:45:09,122 - NARRATOR: Rockefeller knows 722 00:45:09,207 --> 00:45:11,458 what it's like to be abandoned... 723 00:45:11,542 --> 00:45:14,002 - DEVIL BILL: Never trust anybody son. 724 00:45:15,505 --> 00:45:16,588 Not even me. 725 00:45:20,593 --> 00:45:22,761 - NARRATOR: And he's not going to let this case 726 00:45:22,845 --> 00:45:24,346 tear his family apart. 727 00:45:28,476 --> 00:45:32,646 He turns himself in agreeing to testify in court 728 00:45:32,730 --> 00:45:36,483 in defense of Standard Oil and in defense 729 00:45:36,567 --> 00:45:40,570 of an entire way of business he helped create.