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The US is in a time of
unprecedented prosperity.
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The country is connected
coast to coast by rail.
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Kerosene lamps
light up the night.
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And the action is used to
build structures that no one
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could have imagined
even a decade earlier.
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Tracking growth
of the steel industry in Pittsburgh
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are the tycoons
Andrew Carnegie and Henry Frick.
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Ideal partners
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together they made the
Carnegie Steel made huge profits.
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To celebrate, they created the Club
South Fork Hunting and Fishing.
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- Health.
- Health.
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Health.
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at the edge of the lake,
members of the elite only.
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But the construction
weakened the dam
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around the lake on South Fork
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making her an eminent
threat to the life of
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tens of thousands
of people in the valley below.
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INDUSTRY GIANTS
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Memorial Day national holiday.
Breaks in Johnstown.
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While clouds of
bad omens approach.
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Hurry up now.
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In South Fork, the level
of the lake is increasing
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by 2.5 centimeters every 10 minutes.
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More bags.
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Come on, come on!
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This way.
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I need more
men up here.
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Hand me that bag.
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We need more men.
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Quickly.
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- This way.
- Give me that bag.
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John!
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Send a telegram to Johnstown!
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Tell them to evacuate!
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We need more men.
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The message says:
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"South Fork Dam may
break up. Warn people to
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prepare for the worst."
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The operators of the
Johnstown Telegraph
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Have you ever seen this same one?
message many times before.
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They ignore her.
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We need more bags at the top.
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Leave it! Leave it!
Let's get out of here! Now!
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Get out of here!
The dam broke!
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Stay away from the window!
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When the water stops
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more than two thousand
people are dead.
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A third of the bodies
It's so mutilated
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which is not possible to identify.
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1600 houses are destroyed
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and more than 6 km from the city
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are completely submerged.
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The Johnstown Flood
It is the worst human-caused disaster
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in the USA before 9/11.
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Bodies will be found
in the coming years
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in places so far away
like Cincinnati
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560 kilometers from Johnstown.
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Volunteers arrive from all over the country
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to help with reconstruction.
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There the first great
peacetime relief work
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of the newly created
American Red Cross.
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How indignation
by the flood increases
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the public seeks
someone to blame.
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Most of the blame
is assigned to members
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from the South Club
Hunting and Fishing Fork.
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But the members deny
your responsibility.
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Processes are open
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but they are unsuccessful.
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In the eyes of an angry public
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the members of the South Fork Club
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including Henry Frick,
They are murderers who got away with it.
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The incident affects
always Andrew Carnegie
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who feels a sense of
responsibility for the disaster
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unlike many of the
your club mates.
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Quickly leaves South Fork
and start a campaign
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to clean up your tarnished image.
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When your brand is so big
that you become that name
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you become
the face behind the brand
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It's difficult.
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There is also a large
dose of responsibility
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and risk, and it is necessary
be very, very careful.
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Carnegie donates millions
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to help
rebuilding Johnstown.
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Carnegie gave money
for thousands of libraries.
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Millions and millions of dollars.
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Carnegie wanted to be remembered
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for the good he had done.
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Carnegie begins to build
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public monuments
across the country.
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And quickly, a big
music center in Manhattan
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becomes his passion.
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2 years later.
Opening night of Carnegie Hall.
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Carnegie Hall is the new
location in New York
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for the musical arts.
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High society meeting point.
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On the opening night, the composer
Russian Piotr Tchaikovsky
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He is the featured artist.
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AndrewCarnegie
He is treated like a prince.
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Very honored by
masterpiece he built.
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But even in such a context,
one man stands out even more.
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John D. Rockefeller.
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It's worth three times more than Carnegie.
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But the 'cathedral' that Carnegie
built with your name
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take your rivalry
on another level.
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Oh, thanks, Alisha.
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The two men will
spend the next 10 years
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fighting each other.
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They provoke each other
with Christmas gifts.
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Rockefeller sends Carnegie
a cheap paper vest.
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A sarcasm at its beginning
as a poor immigrant.
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In turn Carnegie
sends Rockefeller
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a devout Baptist who doesn't drink
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a bottle of excellent whiskey.
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You know I had my
own rivalries.
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I had a rivalry with
Donald Trump, who, I believe
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it was in 2004, he was
playing hard with me
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because I told you:
"You know I can sign
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a check bigger than you
and I won't even notice it on the bill."
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Why did you know that
if you provoked him
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he would respond, and that's what he did
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and I still like to tease him
just because it amuses me.
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I always say that you have to have
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someone to hate.
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Having an enemy,
have an arch enemy
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have a competitor: that's it
that elevates the game for everyone.
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While the empire
Rockefeller oil tanker
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grows steadily
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the action becomes
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the raw material
chosen for construction.
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And Carnegie's business takes off.
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Mr. Connor.
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Yes sir?
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How is the production?
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You are at maximum capacity, sir.
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Very good. Continue.
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Carnegie's action
helps trigger
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the expansion of American cities.
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But if you want to challenge Rockefeller
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by the title of more
powerful US businessman
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Carnegie must
become even more profitable.
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But he will pay a high price
price for your ambition
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something that threatens
destroy everything he
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worked so hard
hard to build.
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The construction of the modern USA
is advancing at the speed of light.
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Railways connect East to West
a way that was never thought possible.
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Oil burns and lights up the night.
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And the steel is rising
cities are at unimaginable heights.
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Leading this growth
is the rivalry between two men.
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Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller.
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One is arguably the
Oil King, and the other
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He is the undisputed Man of Steel.
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And each of them is totally
determined not to be left behind.
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I benefit from
high-level competition.
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I was chased by the competition
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defeated by
competition sometimes.
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But I had my victories too
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and I managed to keep what I had.
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To surpass Rockefeller
as the richest man in the country
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Carnegie cannot just be
a profitable steel manufacturer.
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It has to be the most profitable.
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And for that, he needs
of an advantage.
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He fixes his attention on one
steel plant outside of Pittsburgh.
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With plans to make it the biggest
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of your empire of
steel manufacturing.
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Carnegie invests millions
and reorganizes the factory
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to make it produce more action than
any other plant of its size.
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The Steel Works Homestead
It is a true modern marvel.
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But it can't work
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without labor.
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One of the highest costs of
a steel mill is the workforce.
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Carnegie knew that
to be profitable
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would have to keep this cost low.
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And the only way to keep
such low cost was to reduce
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salaries and increase
working hours.
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To keep profits
increasing, Carnegie needs
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continue cutting costs.
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Including salaries.
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But he is also
determined to clean up his image.
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Something you can't do in the middle
to a conflict with the workers.
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So he resorts to his
president to do the dirty work.
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Henry Frick never worried about the
that they can think about their methods.
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It's just about one thing: winning.
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Carnegie doesn't like
of being the bad guy
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of being the villain.
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Frick doesn't seem to care.
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I believe that the great
leaders meet
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partners who, basically,
can exploit your weaknesses
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but who do not accompany them
on your strengths.
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Instead of hiring
weaker versions of themselves
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hire very skilled people
in what they themselves are not.
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Henry showed me
the accounting books
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and those were not the ones
numbers I expected.
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Now all that matters is how much
we will win next year.
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With Frick firmly installed
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as president
from Carnegie Steel
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the boss goes to Scotland
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so that your representative can operate.
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The industrialists of that time
They are obsessed men
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for making great fortunes
as quickly as possible
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even if that
means going beyond limits
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in what they have to do.
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Frick acts with an iron fist,
wants to take everything he can
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of the Homestead workers.
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Frick decided that the only way
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to maintain the factory
working efficiently
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it was 12 o'clock
per day and 6 days a week.
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What does conditions mean
intolerable work hours.
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No one could
work 12 hours a day.
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If you work in an office
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will end up falling
asleep at your desk.
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If you fall asleep
in a steel factory
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will end up dead.
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When Carnegie was
building your empire
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Obviously there were no laws
labor, it was every man for himself.
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And looking back,
It's horrible to see
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00:20:41,254 --> 00:20:44,849
in how many different ways
workers were exploited.
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But that was the game
that was played then.
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Conditions are dangerous.
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And a small group
of men join
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to address your concerns.
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Many of the workers
of the steel company felt
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that a change in conditions
of work was a necessity.
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They were sold out
and they wanted wages
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that were reasonable.
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Unions are
relatively new in the US.
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And Frick doesn't intend to let that
them to take root in their territory.
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But before you act,
Ask your boss for advice.
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Dear Andrew, it may be necessary
fight the workers this summer.
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And once the fight began,
she will go to the end.
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Andrew Carnegie is
aware of Frick's aggressiveness.
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That's why he almost put
5 thousand kilometers between them.
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Dunfermline, Scotland.
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But Carnegie preferred
not say certain things.
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Mr. Frick, without a doubt you
everything will be fixed at Homestead.
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You can do anything well,
with its gentle persistence.
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There's a fine line here:
how we protect workers
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and at the same time we do
Does capitalism work well?
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Sometimes both
have opposing objectives.
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Homestead Steel Plant, Pennsylvania.
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Frick takes Carnegie's words
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as a clear indication of
that it is time to go to war.
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It speeds up production
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exploring your men
more than ever.
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In case of strike, he will have
a ready-made stock of stock.
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Men spend
half of their lives
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in working conditions
terrible and dangerous.
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And they are about to arrive
to its maximum limit.
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Homestead Steel Plant
Pennsylvania, 1892.
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May the Lord, in his
love and mercy, help him.
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May the Lord free him from
sin, save him and lift him up.
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In the name of the Father, the Son
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00:24:18,899 --> 00:24:20,692
and the Holy Spirit.
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Accidents at the factory
continue to multiply.
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Until one of them is fatal.
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00:24:40,880 --> 00:24:45,705
Death has the potential to unite
the strength of exploited workers.
256
00:24:56,537 --> 00:24:58,830
Frick knows what lies ahead.
257
00:25:07,318 --> 00:25:13,994
Dear Andrew, I don't think
we will win without a hard fight.
258
00:25:14,681 --> 00:25:19,425
I'm sorry to say it doesn't seem
there will be another option for us.
259
00:25:20,444 --> 00:25:24,073
We better get into the fight
and get it over with.
260
00:25:27,664 --> 00:25:31,743
Dunfermline, Scotland.
261
00:25:35,061 --> 00:25:38,081
Henry, one thing
we have to be sure:
262
00:25:38,710 --> 00:25:42,351
whatever the confrontation
occurs, there can be no failures.
263
00:25:43,517 --> 00:25:45,895
We all approve
anything you do.
264
00:25:47,671 --> 00:25:50,007
We are with you until the end.
265
00:25:59,086 --> 00:26:03,810
Knowing your boss's support,
Frick undertakes the first attack.
266
00:26:07,368 --> 00:26:10,873
He tells the workers that
Carnegie Steel will not trade.
267
00:26:12,316 --> 00:26:14,902
And that the conditions of
work will not improve.
268
00:26:19,135 --> 00:26:19,705
Frick
269
00:26:20,103 --> 00:26:23,549
I didn't understand that
the workers believed
270
00:26:23,688 --> 00:26:25,967
that the steel plant belonged to them.
271
00:26:26,276 --> 00:26:28,136
They were the ones who did the action.
272
00:26:28,195 --> 00:26:31,523
It was their factory
and would not allow
273
00:26:31,569 --> 00:26:35,283
this clumsy
Frick took it from them.
274
00:26:36,088 --> 00:26:38,260
Under the management of Mr. Frick
275
00:26:38,390 --> 00:26:42,270
the Carnegie Company ended
the organization at Edgar Thomson Works.
276
00:26:42,849 --> 00:26:45,430
Deleted the organization
in the coke region
277
00:26:45,509 --> 00:26:48,070
and it's about to end
the organization here in Homestead.
278
00:26:48,102 --> 00:26:48,984
No!
279
00:26:49,360 --> 00:26:51,510
It's time to send one
message to Mr. Frick.
280
00:26:51,539 --> 00:26:52,164
Right!
281
00:26:52,196 --> 00:26:54,939
- We do not accept payment methods!
- No!
282
00:26:54,986 --> 00:26:57,501
- We do not accept bad working conditions!
- No!
283
00:26:57,691 --> 00:26:59,429
We do not accept excess hours!
284
00:26:59,995 --> 00:27:00,694
No!
285
00:27:00,742 --> 00:27:02,451
And why can we do this?
286
00:27:02,726 --> 00:27:04,727
- Because we are a union!
- Yeah!
287
00:27:04,819 --> 00:27:07,321
And no one, no one will oppress us!
288
00:27:07,414 --> 00:27:08,252
Yeah!
289
00:27:08,314 --> 00:27:11,835
All who are in favor
of the strike, raise your hand.
290
00:27:11,895 --> 00:27:13,272
Yeah!
291
00:28:02,924 --> 00:28:04,258
Mr. Frick?
292
00:28:08,551 --> 00:28:11,776
I'm giving you one more
opportunity to call off this strike.
293
00:28:13,861 --> 00:28:19,374
I will make sure that any
A man who leaves never returns.
294
00:28:24,530 --> 00:28:26,157
We'll see.
295
00:28:59,793 --> 00:29:04,083
2000 workers make a
barricade in front of the factory.
296
00:29:05,017 --> 00:29:09,189
To prevent Frick
bring replacements.
297
00:29:39,080 --> 00:29:41,744
The fight became something personal.
298
00:29:45,135 --> 00:29:47,221
But Frick doesn't even dream of backing down.
299
00:29:48,256 --> 00:29:50,210
He calls for reinforcements.
300
00:29:59,582 --> 00:30:01,521
For years, the group
Pinkerton Detectives
301
00:30:01,556 --> 00:30:03,878
was a private police force.
302
00:30:04,947 --> 00:30:07,784
Best known for
chase train robbers.
303
00:30:11,925 --> 00:30:15,263
They even stopped a plan
to assassinate Abraham Lincoln.
304
00:30:15,968 --> 00:30:19,515
And they were hired as
President's bodyguard.
305
00:30:25,393 --> 00:30:28,647
But now they have become
an army of mercenaries.
306
00:30:33,463 --> 00:30:35,606
With more men and weapons
307
00:30:36,731 --> 00:30:38,630
than the US military.
308
00:30:40,408 --> 00:30:41,927
If you have the money
309
00:30:42,541 --> 00:30:44,279
they will fight for you.
310
00:30:45,763 --> 00:30:48,062
And Frick has the money.
311
00:30:50,005 --> 00:30:51,684
Let's go by the river
312
00:30:51,959 --> 00:30:54,169
We will use force if necessary.
313
00:30:54,826 --> 00:30:57,669
Remember your
training, follow orders.
314
00:30:58,764 --> 00:31:01,392
If they start shooting,
we will respond promptly.
315
00:31:02,946 --> 00:31:05,409
There's no place for cowards here.
316
00:31:08,690 --> 00:31:11,535
The Pinkertons were mercenaries.
317
00:31:11,671 --> 00:31:13,923
They were from out of town.
318
00:31:14,149 --> 00:31:17,410
They had no ties to Pittsburgh,
nor ties with these workers.
319
00:31:17,466 --> 00:31:21,305
They were paid to do their job.
320
00:31:23,706 --> 00:31:26,903
The moment Frick took
the decision to bring the Pinkertons
321
00:31:28,202 --> 00:31:29,630
the scene was set
322
00:31:29,677 --> 00:31:34,233
and the only way in which the strike
could end in tragedy.
323
00:31:36,213 --> 00:31:37,466
Fire!
324
00:31:45,274 --> 00:31:49,502
Homestead Steel Plant
Pennsylvania, 1892.
325
00:31:51,971 --> 00:31:53,493
2000 men
326
00:31:54,664 --> 00:31:58,214
behind barricades
at the Homestead steel plant.
327
00:32:03,662 --> 00:32:05,494
Taking production to action
328
00:32:06,752 --> 00:32:08,439
to stop completely.
329
00:32:10,045 --> 00:32:12,928
The president of
Carnegie Steel, Henry Frick
330
00:32:13,022 --> 00:32:15,399
is not willing to negotiate.
331
00:32:20,158 --> 00:32:22,508
Under pressure to suppress the revolt
332
00:32:22,721 --> 00:32:25,119
Frick brings in the Pinkertons.
333
00:32:25,507 --> 00:32:26,991
A mercenary army
334
00:32:27,435 --> 00:32:30,428
with more weapons than
US military.
335
00:32:32,436 --> 00:32:37,771
And your presence threatens to be
the spark in a powder keg.
336
00:32:38,250 --> 00:32:43,721
Frick thought to himself: when
the workers watch the Pinkertons
337
00:32:43,888 --> 00:32:47,284
when they see that I don't back down
338
00:32:47,321 --> 00:32:48,493
they will retreat.
339
00:32:49,869 --> 00:32:51,633
Did you think that a
demonstration of strength
340
00:32:51,682 --> 00:32:54,760
a demonstration of determination,
it was everything I needed.
341
00:32:54,820 --> 00:32:57,239
And that it would all end in this.
342
00:32:58,152 --> 00:33:00,354
He miscalculated.
343
00:33:02,782 --> 00:33:04,632
Stay strong.
344
00:33:04,710 --> 00:33:06,697
Stay calm! Stay calm!
345
00:33:20,863 --> 00:33:23,193
We are here to take
pose of this property.
346
00:33:23,237 --> 00:33:24,363
No!
347
00:33:25,798 --> 00:33:28,825
I suggest you give half
come back and go home.
348
00:33:29,107 --> 00:33:30,525
You don't enter here.
349
00:33:30,929 --> 00:33:35,200
If they don't leave,
we will strike down every one of you.
350
00:33:37,047 --> 00:33:40,461
The blood of men
innocents will be in your hands.
351
00:33:41,519 --> 00:33:43,037
Break down this barricade!
352
00:33:43,094 --> 00:33:44,470
No!
353
00:34:12,424 --> 00:34:13,432
Fire!
354
00:34:14,118 --> 00:34:15,646
Fire! Shoot them!
355
00:35:16,305 --> 00:35:17,467
Stand firm!
356
00:35:28,317 --> 00:35:30,179
Fire! Fire!
357
00:35:45,605 --> 00:35:47,082
Are you okay? Are you okay?
358
00:35:47,158 --> 00:35:48,159
Take it.
359
00:35:59,828 --> 00:36:00,749
Fire!
360
00:36:01,458 --> 00:36:02,372
Fire!
361
00:36:13,066 --> 00:36:14,097
Fire!
362
00:36:35,667 --> 00:36:37,182
When the fight is over
363
00:36:37,767 --> 00:36:41,022
nine workers from
Carnegie Steel are dead.
364
00:36:41,742 --> 00:36:45,205
While countless others
have serious injuries.
365
00:36:47,312 --> 00:36:49,956
But they managed
maintain your positions
366
00:36:52,450 --> 00:36:54,427
to the governor
from Pennsylvania
367
00:36:54,815 --> 00:36:56,458
send the state military force
368
00:36:57,746 --> 00:36:59,645
to finally restore order.
369
00:37:06,084 --> 00:37:09,172
Homestead is back
In the hands of the administration.
370
00:37:14,490 --> 00:37:16,938
But Andrew Carnegie's problems
371
00:37:17,842 --> 00:37:19,451
are far from over.
372
00:37:21,210 --> 00:37:24,329
The public is
outraged by the violence
373
00:37:24,913 --> 00:37:28,093
and blames the president
Henry Frick directly.
374
00:37:32,446 --> 00:37:35,839
Many demand justice for the dead.
375
00:37:41,520 --> 00:37:42,839
Mr. Frick.
376
00:37:50,964 --> 00:37:55,281
The vast and rapid growth
of the USA is in full swing.
377
00:37:56,766 --> 00:37:59,978
Railways connect now
all 44 states.
378
00:38:01,311 --> 00:38:04,356
Oil is the resource
most precious in the country.
379
00:38:06,285 --> 00:38:09,164
And the action is
building our cities.
380
00:38:10,676 --> 00:38:14,520
But growth in this
Pace doesn't come without a cost.
381
00:38:20,406 --> 00:38:24,589
Andrew Carnegie produces more
action than anyone in the world.
382
00:38:27,807 --> 00:38:29,690
To achieve this level of production
383
00:38:29,721 --> 00:38:32,993
your men work
12 hours a day
384
00:38:33,407 --> 00:38:34,751
six days a week.
385
00:38:36,916 --> 00:38:40,729
These working conditions lead them
building barricades in the factory
386
00:38:40,848 --> 00:38:43,907
what does the president do
of Carnegie Steel, Henry Frick
387
00:38:44,081 --> 00:38:45,424
call the mercenaries.
388
00:38:45,479 --> 00:38:46,709
Fire!
389
00:39:02,587 --> 00:39:05,811
A bloody battle that
leaves nine workers dead.
390
00:39:07,922 --> 00:39:10,215
Frick recovers
control of Homestead.
391
00:39:12,890 --> 00:39:15,184
But although the carnage
has ended
392
00:39:16,105 --> 00:39:18,566
the public outcry
It's just beginning.
393
00:39:21,562 --> 00:39:23,075
It was a massacre.
394
00:39:23,203 --> 00:39:26,181
Not just in terms of the
number of injured and dead.
395
00:39:26,297 --> 00:39:29,931
But a massacre in which
any civilians must be killed
396
00:39:30,491 --> 00:39:33,046
standing still and defending their factory.
397
00:39:34,980 --> 00:39:39,393
That night the Homestead becomes a
painful symbol of life and death
398
00:39:39,510 --> 00:39:41,400
in the US industry.
399
00:39:44,987 --> 00:39:48,939
Dunfermline, Scotland.
400
00:39:56,507 --> 00:40:01,936
Carnegie was probably shocked
with what happened at Homestead.
401
00:40:02,168 --> 00:40:06,094
He was proud of
present your company
402
00:40:06,239 --> 00:40:09,230
as a company
advanced and progressive
403
00:40:09,261 --> 00:40:11,180
which in many
aspects indeed was.
404
00:40:11,811 --> 00:40:17,259
What happened at Homestead was
a stain on your reputation
405
00:40:17,316 --> 00:40:19,770
it was hard for him,
left him dejected.
406
00:40:20,934 --> 00:40:25,197
Carnegie extends
your stay in Scotland
407
00:40:25,466 --> 00:40:29,549
waiting for the distance
make the controversy end.
408
00:40:31,507 --> 00:40:34,752
But journalists
Americans locate him.
409
00:40:34,788 --> 00:40:37,052
Excuse me, just one word.
410
00:40:37,543 --> 00:40:38,559
None, gentlemen.
411
00:40:38,707 --> 00:40:41,260
- Mr. Carnegie, our readers...
- On another occasion, gentlemen!
412
00:40:41,286 --> 00:40:41,861
One word!
413
00:40:41,893 --> 00:40:45,048
I don't usually give interviews
in public parks.
414
00:40:45,434 --> 00:40:47,296
Get out of my damn way!
415
00:41:03,122 --> 00:41:06,572
While Carnegie is pursued
by the press abroad
416
00:41:08,891 --> 00:41:12,446
at home the indignation
of the public only increases.
417
00:41:14,938 --> 00:41:16,743
A new group is emerging.
418
00:41:18,171 --> 00:41:21,088
They call themselves "anarchists".
419
00:41:21,783 --> 00:41:24,073
Known for its
violent tactics
420
00:41:25,175 --> 00:41:27,479
are starting to attack.
421
00:41:27,742 --> 00:41:31,116
Whenever and wherever
see an injustice.
422
00:41:33,425 --> 00:41:35,534
Now they turn their attention
423
00:41:35,597 --> 00:41:37,573
for the massacre at Homestead.
424
00:41:38,350 --> 00:41:40,157
Demanding retaliation.
425
00:41:41,335 --> 00:41:42,339
Your target
426
00:41:43,303 --> 00:41:45,841
is the president
from Carnegie Steel.
427
00:41:52,380 --> 00:41:57,802
Henry Frick is determined to
speed up action production again.
428
00:41:58,738 --> 00:41:59,902
But your enemies
429
00:42:00,488 --> 00:42:02,215
have other plans.
430
00:42:45,469 --> 00:42:46,484
Mr. Frick.
431
00:43:45,395 --> 00:43:47,594
Stay away from me!
432
00:43:53,855 --> 00:43:54,980
Let me go.
433
00:43:55,488 --> 00:44:00,966
Translation and Synchrony:
Morgado Forteski