1 00:00:07,600 --> 00:00:09,880 NARRATOR: Evil... 2 00:00:10,040 --> 00:00:12,080 ..powerful... 3 00:00:12,240 --> 00:00:14,520 ..uncompromising... 4 00:00:14,680 --> 00:00:16,680 ..ruthless. 5 00:00:16,840 --> 00:00:20,280 Behind closed doors, a private hell. 6 00:00:21,480 --> 00:00:25,720 - Tyrants often deviate in their sexual behaviour. 7 00:00:27,160 --> 00:00:30,080 - He fantasised about older women. 8 00:00:30,240 --> 00:00:32,360 - He puts make-up on. 9 00:00:32,520 --> 00:00:34,520 - He had thousands of concubines. 10 00:00:34,680 --> 00:00:39,280 - They were this glamorous, gun-toting sex objects. 11 00:00:39,440 --> 00:00:41,720 MAN: Fire on designated targets. 12 00:00:41,880 --> 00:00:45,560 NARRATOR: The psychological insights of the degenerate and deviant. 13 00:00:45,720 --> 00:00:48,800 WOMAN: He was obsessed with aphrodisiacs. 14 00:00:48,960 --> 00:00:51,840 - It's typical of somebody who's sexually repressed. 15 00:01:05,000 --> 00:01:07,960 - (gunfire) 16 00:01:08,120 --> 00:01:11,440 NARRATOR: On October the 20th 2011, 17 00:01:11,600 --> 00:01:15,080 Muammar Gaddafi, the deposed leader of Libya, 18 00:01:15,240 --> 00:01:18,400 was captured by revolutionary forces 19 00:01:18,560 --> 00:01:21,160 and shown merciless mob justice. 20 00:01:24,000 --> 00:01:26,800 - He was found in a drainage area. 21 00:01:26,960 --> 00:01:29,160 And the mob set upon him. 22 00:01:29,320 --> 00:01:32,240 They literally ripped him apart. 23 00:01:32,400 --> 00:01:35,320 Uh, they beat him up, they brutalised him 24 00:01:35,479 --> 00:01:39,520 using a bayonet. He quite literally died by the sword. 25 00:01:39,680 --> 00:01:43,840 A really bloody and brutal end to this dictator's life. 26 00:01:45,440 --> 00:01:48,240 NARRATOR: Brutal in the extreme. 27 00:01:48,400 --> 00:01:52,440 But for the young women of Libya, it meant they were finally safe 28 00:01:52,600 --> 00:01:54,880 from a serial sexual predator 29 00:01:55,039 --> 00:01:58,360 who had gone from being a revolutionary liberator 30 00:01:58,520 --> 00:02:02,800 to a violent letch. 31 00:02:02,960 --> 00:02:05,240 - I think he was terrified by women 32 00:02:05,400 --> 00:02:08,240 and he was terrified by his own sexuality. 33 00:02:08,400 --> 00:02:13,280 And that's what led to these deviant, almost perverted, paths. 34 00:02:13,440 --> 00:02:17,360 - He portrayed himself as a revolutionary, as a hero. 35 00:02:17,520 --> 00:02:19,760 Um, and that quickly changed into 36 00:02:19,920 --> 00:02:23,760 becoming a supporter of terrorist networks. 37 00:02:23,920 --> 00:02:26,640 NARRATOR: After the tyrant is toppled, 38 00:02:26,800 --> 00:02:30,680 and the cathartic celebrations have calmed, 39 00:02:30,840 --> 00:02:33,840 the United Nations-led transition force 40 00:02:34,000 --> 00:02:37,200 closes off Gaddafi's private residences 41 00:02:37,360 --> 00:02:40,079 to preserve the evidence. 42 00:02:40,240 --> 00:02:43,920 - (male reporter) We realised we were underneath a collapsed palace, 43 00:02:44,079 --> 00:02:46,520 an underground luxury apartment. 44 00:02:46,680 --> 00:02:48,920 NARRATOR: When cameras were finally allowed 45 00:02:49,079 --> 00:02:51,400 into Gaddafi's inner sanctum, 46 00:02:51,560 --> 00:02:56,040 they revealed the former Libyan leader's secret life. 47 00:02:56,200 --> 00:02:58,720 - Look what we have got here. 48 00:02:58,880 --> 00:03:01,480 Wow. (pants) 49 00:03:01,640 --> 00:03:05,080 Luxury, pink, fitted-out bathroom. 50 00:03:05,240 --> 00:03:08,320 And that is some bath. 51 00:03:08,480 --> 00:03:12,760 NARRATOR: Beyond the garish fittings and kitsch furnishings, 52 00:03:12,920 --> 00:03:16,160 deeper underground were hidden dungeons 53 00:03:16,320 --> 00:03:18,880 and gynaecological equipment. 54 00:03:19,040 --> 00:03:22,360 The playground of a sexual monster. 55 00:03:24,040 --> 00:03:27,120 For two decades, Gaddafi had ordered the abduction 56 00:03:27,280 --> 00:03:29,640 and forced imprisonment 57 00:03:29,800 --> 00:03:33,640 of countless young women, girls, and boys. 58 00:03:33,800 --> 00:03:39,400 - He did horrific things to women, to children. 59 00:03:39,560 --> 00:03:43,200 Uh, he was very violent. 60 00:03:43,360 --> 00:03:46,000 He actually had a torture chamber 61 00:03:46,160 --> 00:03:48,680 that was hidden away in a basement. 62 00:03:48,840 --> 00:03:53,720 And in this location, he would torture women. 63 00:03:53,880 --> 00:03:57,960 He would force them to watch him torture other people. 64 00:03:58,120 --> 00:04:01,960 NARRATOR: The man who called himself the 'Brotherly Leader' 65 00:04:02,120 --> 00:04:05,640 and 'Guide of the Revolution' was in fact 66 00:04:05,800 --> 00:04:09,480 spiriting victims to his hell-hole palace 67 00:04:09,640 --> 00:04:12,800 and inflicting sexual violence upon them 68 00:04:12,960 --> 00:04:17,120 for weeks, months, even years. 69 00:04:19,000 --> 00:04:22,800 - When we look at the narratives of sexual deviance, 70 00:04:22,960 --> 00:04:25,920 and Gaddafi 100% fits that profile, 71 00:04:26,080 --> 00:04:29,320 we can see that this is not something 72 00:04:29,480 --> 00:04:31,840 that just comes out of nowhere. 73 00:04:32,000 --> 00:04:35,960 NARRATOR: What were the behavioural red flags, 74 00:04:36,120 --> 00:04:38,920 the psychological signs and signifiers, 75 00:04:39,080 --> 00:04:41,440 that may have alerted the outside world 76 00:04:41,600 --> 00:04:45,400 to Gaddafi's secret life of sexual abuse? 77 00:04:45,560 --> 00:04:48,560 What were the formative experiences, 78 00:04:48,720 --> 00:04:52,840 the nature and nurture, that would create a man 79 00:04:53,000 --> 00:04:58,159 capable of such callous and sadistic crimes? 80 00:05:05,560 --> 00:05:09,080 NARRATOR: Muammar Gaddafi was born in the early 1940s, 81 00:05:09,240 --> 00:05:13,000 on the outskirts of a rural town called Sirte. 82 00:05:13,160 --> 00:05:16,120 (man on film) Tripoli, in whose streets 83 00:05:16,280 --> 00:05:19,240 the past mingles with an uncertain future. 84 00:05:19,400 --> 00:05:22,280 NARRATOR: Libya was barely a country. 85 00:05:22,440 --> 00:05:25,160 Colonised by Italy in the early 20th century, 86 00:05:25,320 --> 00:05:27,880 they were under occupation until the fall of 87 00:05:28,040 --> 00:05:32,440 Mussolini's fascist regime at the end of World War Two. 88 00:05:32,600 --> 00:05:35,720 - Gaddafi was born in an anti-Western, 89 00:05:35,880 --> 00:05:38,520 anti-colonial atmosphere. 90 00:05:38,680 --> 00:05:41,880 Libya has been colonised by Italy for a number of years, 91 00:05:42,040 --> 00:05:46,600 and Gaddafi was born into that anti-western sentiment. 92 00:05:48,520 --> 00:05:51,440 NARRATOR: Living a nomadic subsistence existence 93 00:05:51,600 --> 00:05:55,080 herding goats and camels, Gaddafi is the only son 94 00:05:55,240 --> 00:05:58,400 in a traditional Bedouin family. 95 00:05:58,560 --> 00:06:03,840 Seen here aged ten, Muammar is very much the favoured child. 96 00:06:04,000 --> 00:06:07,720 Even more so once he grew into adulthood. 97 00:06:07,880 --> 00:06:13,600 - He was young, attractive, powerful. 98 00:06:13,760 --> 00:06:16,320 He became rich. 99 00:06:16,480 --> 00:06:19,960 And women flocked around him. 100 00:06:20,120 --> 00:06:21,400 - (yelling) 101 00:06:21,560 --> 00:06:25,880 NARRATOR: Gaddafi listened to stories of his heroic grandfather, 102 00:06:26,040 --> 00:06:29,800 who was killed by the Italians when they invaded in 1911. 103 00:06:29,960 --> 00:06:35,080 The seeds of hatred for the West were sown. 104 00:06:35,240 --> 00:06:38,120 - Muammar Gaddafi was very much a product 105 00:06:38,280 --> 00:06:41,560 of the Arab world when he grew up. 106 00:06:41,720 --> 00:06:43,800 And at that stage, the Arab World 107 00:06:43,960 --> 00:06:46,960 had a massive inferiority complex. 108 00:06:47,120 --> 00:06:49,280 We are just colonies for the West, 109 00:06:49,440 --> 00:06:52,600 for the capitalists, for America, for the Anglos. 110 00:06:52,760 --> 00:06:56,600 And we are regarded in a very poor light. 111 00:07:00,840 --> 00:07:03,640 FARIDA: So after the Italians were ousted in World War Two 112 00:07:03,800 --> 00:07:07,360 from North Africa, Libya became the first new nation 113 00:07:07,520 --> 00:07:10,000 under the United Nations in 1947. 114 00:07:10,160 --> 00:07:12,160 NARRATOR: But though the new nation 115 00:07:12,320 --> 00:07:14,680 had driven out their Italian overlords, 116 00:07:14,840 --> 00:07:17,080 the return to monarchy must have felt like 117 00:07:17,240 --> 00:07:19,760 a backward step to the young Gaddafi. 118 00:07:21,520 --> 00:07:24,520 - Gaddafi was born and grew up in a Libya 119 00:07:24,680 --> 00:07:29,760 that had been part of the Italian empire, part of a fascist regime. 120 00:07:29,920 --> 00:07:34,240 And this really became a driving force for the way that Gaddafi 121 00:07:34,400 --> 00:07:38,520 would develop as a person and the way that his ideals would develop 122 00:07:38,680 --> 00:07:42,400 as he tried to shake off the shackles of imperialism. 123 00:07:42,560 --> 00:07:45,240 NARRATOR: Nevertheless, Libya was a nation 124 00:07:45,400 --> 00:07:49,880 emerging from colonial chaos with optimism. 125 00:07:52,000 --> 00:07:55,680 Education was expensive and far from accessible 126 00:07:55,840 --> 00:07:58,800 for his humble, illiterate Bedouin family. 127 00:07:58,960 --> 00:08:02,240 A young Gaddafi was the first in his family 128 00:08:02,400 --> 00:08:05,360 to receive any formal education. 129 00:08:05,520 --> 00:08:08,400 - So there were two major driving forces behind Gaddafi. 130 00:08:08,560 --> 00:08:11,280 The first being an anti-West feeling, 131 00:08:11,440 --> 00:08:14,240 anti-colonialism independence, 132 00:08:14,400 --> 00:08:17,760 and the second was the creation of an Arab state. 133 00:08:19,080 --> 00:08:21,560 NARRATOR: At primary school, Gaddafi was already 134 00:08:21,720 --> 00:08:25,280 laying the foundations for his ambition, making friends 135 00:08:25,440 --> 00:08:30,560 that would be at his side when he took power two decades later. 136 00:08:30,720 --> 00:08:34,400 - We can say this with some certainty, he was not a stupid man. 137 00:08:34,559 --> 00:08:36,360 In many ways, he was quite intelligent. 138 00:08:37,559 --> 00:08:39,840 So you would say, 'Well he had enough intelligence 139 00:08:40,000 --> 00:08:43,159 to look and say "Hm, this is over the top 140 00:08:43,320 --> 00:08:45,320 because it is not getting me anywhere".' 141 00:08:45,480 --> 00:08:49,840 But his own grandiose, manic sense always overruled that. 142 00:08:51,280 --> 00:08:53,400 NARRATOR: The young Muammar gave no clues 143 00:08:53,560 --> 00:08:56,200 to the sexual deviance and proclivities 144 00:08:56,360 --> 00:08:58,640 to which he inclined in later life. 145 00:08:58,800 --> 00:09:00,880 FARIDA: Did the power corrupt the person 146 00:09:01,040 --> 00:09:03,040 or was the person already corrupt 147 00:09:03,200 --> 00:09:06,280 and had this narcissistic, out of reality kind of persona? 148 00:09:06,440 --> 00:09:10,040 It could perhaps be both in the case of Gaddafi 149 00:09:10,200 --> 00:09:13,680 because you do have reports about his wit attitude, 150 00:09:13,840 --> 00:09:15,840 his smart attitude and so on. 151 00:09:16,000 --> 00:09:18,960 But then you see the kind of person he carried himself. 152 00:09:19,120 --> 00:09:21,160 He did portray himself as a hero. 153 00:09:21,320 --> 00:09:24,320 And to some extent, he did believe himself to be the answer 154 00:09:24,480 --> 00:09:27,040 to Libyan's calls and maybe to their prayers and God's prayers. 155 00:09:27,200 --> 00:09:29,400 - (cheering) 156 00:09:29,560 --> 00:09:31,560 NARRATOR: When, as a teenager, he witnessed 157 00:09:31,720 --> 00:09:34,120 military officer Gamal Abdel Nasser 158 00:09:34,280 --> 00:09:36,480 overthrow the Egyptian monarchy 159 00:09:36,640 --> 00:09:41,560 in the name of pan-Arab nationalism, that became his role model. 160 00:09:41,720 --> 00:09:46,560 KAPLAN: And this is what was really food and drink 161 00:09:46,720 --> 00:09:49,240 to Gaddafi when he was growing up. 162 00:09:49,400 --> 00:09:54,280 One day we will reassemble the Arab empires and we will take our revenge 163 00:09:54,440 --> 00:09:58,560 for the way we have been treated because we are the great, 164 00:09:58,720 --> 00:10:04,560 we are the Muslims and we deserve to really control the world. 165 00:10:05,960 --> 00:10:09,240 NARRATOR: During a demonstration in October 1961, 166 00:10:09,400 --> 00:10:12,160 an 18-year-old student Gaddafi 167 00:10:12,320 --> 00:10:15,120 was expelled from school for breaking the windows 168 00:10:15,280 --> 00:10:18,640 of a hotel that sold alcohol. 169 00:10:18,800 --> 00:10:21,560 Later in life, Dictator Gaddafi 170 00:10:21,720 --> 00:10:25,760 indulged his taste for Western whiskey and cocaine. 171 00:10:25,920 --> 00:10:28,680 But for now, the would-be revolutionary 172 00:10:28,840 --> 00:10:31,680 was keen to target Western decadence 173 00:10:31,840 --> 00:10:35,400 as the source of all the world's evils. 174 00:10:35,560 --> 00:10:37,680 - He was determined to stand up and say, 175 00:10:37,840 --> 00:10:41,240 the West is corrupt, it's decadent, you've treated us badly, 176 00:10:41,400 --> 00:10:44,680 I'm going to show you what a real Arab leader is like. 177 00:10:52,520 --> 00:10:56,000 NARRATOR: It was at the University of Libya, in Benghazi, 178 00:10:56,160 --> 00:10:58,160 that Muammar Gaddafi determined 179 00:10:58,320 --> 00:11:01,360 he would become a leader of his people. 180 00:11:01,520 --> 00:11:05,920 Inspired by his hero, Egypt's General Nasser, 181 00:11:06,080 --> 00:11:08,440 and devouring books on the French Revolution 182 00:11:08,600 --> 00:11:10,840 and pan-Arab nationalism, 183 00:11:11,000 --> 00:11:13,360 he resolved to plot the overthrow 184 00:11:13,520 --> 00:11:17,360 of the colonially-installed government of King Idris. 185 00:11:17,520 --> 00:11:20,720 On graduation, he joined the military. 186 00:11:20,880 --> 00:11:25,160 Gaddafi was laying the groundwork for a new Libya. 187 00:11:25,320 --> 00:11:28,680 MOGHADDAM: If we go to the beginning of his life, 188 00:11:28,840 --> 00:11:33,840 he is a sincere, honest military officer 189 00:11:34,920 --> 00:11:41,040 who is helping his country become independent 190 00:11:41,200 --> 00:11:44,080 of foreign powers 191 00:11:44,240 --> 00:11:48,960 and trying to help the people of his country. 192 00:11:49,120 --> 00:11:51,560 - (swinging sixties music) 193 00:11:51,720 --> 00:11:54,200 NARRATOR: In 1966, he was sent by the army 194 00:11:54,360 --> 00:11:58,280 to England for advanced signals training. 195 00:11:58,440 --> 00:12:01,160 The contrast of hip, swinging London 196 00:12:01,320 --> 00:12:05,240 to his dusty home of Tripoli could not have been more stark. 197 00:12:05,400 --> 00:12:09,480 Later, Gaddafi claimed he was bullied by the British 198 00:12:09,640 --> 00:12:11,880 for wearing traditional dress. 199 00:12:12,040 --> 00:12:14,120 - Sorry, you annoyed me in England 200 00:12:14,280 --> 00:12:17,680 therefore you got me no chance to, uh, learn English. 201 00:12:17,840 --> 00:12:22,240 NARRATOR: Whatever happened left an indelible mark on Gaddafi's psyche, 202 00:12:22,400 --> 00:12:27,640 which he later expressed with anti-English and antisemitic views. 203 00:12:44,640 --> 00:12:47,400 - Well, I think he was a product of 204 00:12:47,560 --> 00:12:51,720 what you would call a tribal society and tribal values. 205 00:12:51,880 --> 00:12:56,360 So tribal values are you appreciate loyalty in those close to you 206 00:12:56,520 --> 00:13:00,920 and everybody else is a potential enemy so you stand up against them. 207 00:13:02,400 --> 00:13:07,200 NARRATOR: One person Gaddafi did trust, at first, was this woman, 208 00:13:07,360 --> 00:13:10,280 school teacher Fatiha al-Nuri. 209 00:13:10,440 --> 00:13:15,440 They married in 1969. But it wouldn't last long. 210 00:13:16,800 --> 00:13:20,040 Weeks later, when Gaddafi was denied a military promotion, 211 00:13:20,200 --> 00:13:23,040 he made his move for power. 212 00:13:23,200 --> 00:13:26,160 On September 1st 1969, 213 00:13:26,320 --> 00:13:31,080 he staged a bloodless coup with his Free Officers Movement. 214 00:13:31,240 --> 00:13:35,720 King Idris, overseas in Turkey at the time, was ousted. 215 00:13:35,880 --> 00:13:38,200 And Gaddafi and his fellow officers 216 00:13:38,360 --> 00:13:41,960 formed the Socialist Libyan Arab Republic. 217 00:13:42,120 --> 00:13:45,400 Gaddafi promoted himself to colonel 218 00:13:45,560 --> 00:13:47,680 and appointed himself Chairman 219 00:13:47,840 --> 00:13:50,320 of the Revolutionary Command Council, 220 00:13:50,480 --> 00:13:54,320 alongside twelve of his closest friends. 221 00:13:54,480 --> 00:13:56,880 - (male reporter) The Colonel loses few opportunities to be present 222 00:13:57,040 --> 00:13:59,680 at a ceremony that will boast his regime's achievements. 223 00:13:59,840 --> 00:14:03,600 And waiting to see him, those who have just moved into their new flats 224 00:14:03,760 --> 00:14:05,440 and were out on their balconies 225 00:14:05,600 --> 00:14:08,840 with a fixed rent of only 50p a week to find. 226 00:14:09,000 --> 00:14:11,360 NARRATOR: The early years of Gaddafi's presidential reign 227 00:14:11,520 --> 00:14:16,840 promised great hope. Gaddafi enacted real change for his people. 228 00:14:17,000 --> 00:14:19,680 With foresight, he grasped that oil 229 00:14:19,840 --> 00:14:22,840 was to become the currency of the world. 230 00:14:23,000 --> 00:14:25,560 Libya was sitting on huge oil reserves 231 00:14:25,720 --> 00:14:28,520 owned by foreign commercial entities. 232 00:14:28,680 --> 00:14:32,800 He took them on, called their bluff at the negotiating table 233 00:14:32,960 --> 00:14:36,840 and nationalised the oil industry. 234 00:14:37,000 --> 00:14:40,160 Libyans finally got to enjoy the proceeds 235 00:14:40,320 --> 00:14:43,120 of their own country's natural resources. 236 00:14:43,280 --> 00:14:47,000 - He had some good plans to revive the Libyan economy, 237 00:14:47,160 --> 00:14:50,520 to use some of the oil resources to modernise. 238 00:14:52,840 --> 00:14:55,440 KAPLAN: He's running Libya. He's got more money 239 00:14:55,600 --> 00:14:58,480 than Croesus could ever have dreamed about, 240 00:14:58,640 --> 00:15:02,760 and he sees himself not just as an Arab Nationalist 241 00:15:02,920 --> 00:15:05,240 but as THE Arab Nationalist. 242 00:15:05,400 --> 00:15:07,440 He's picking up from Nasser 243 00:15:07,600 --> 00:15:09,880 and then he's going back way into Arab history. 244 00:15:10,040 --> 00:15:13,000 And of course, the megalomania is running amok. 245 00:15:13,160 --> 00:15:16,440 NARRATOR: Perhaps it was the brutal past lessons 246 00:15:16,600 --> 00:15:18,600 learned from his Italian oppressors 247 00:15:18,760 --> 00:15:23,080 or perhaps the Bedouin creed of not trusting anyone, 248 00:15:23,240 --> 00:15:29,160 Gaddafi quickly purged any opposition, even those close to him. 249 00:15:29,320 --> 00:15:33,720 His young wife Fatiya learned the hard way not to defy him. 250 00:15:33,880 --> 00:15:39,280 They divorced after only a year and she was never seen again. 251 00:15:40,640 --> 00:15:43,640 - He was a humble Bedouin 252 00:15:43,800 --> 00:15:49,120 who moved to absolute power 253 00:15:49,280 --> 00:15:54,760 and became totally corrupt, 254 00:15:54,920 --> 00:15:59,280 and also corrupted his own people. 255 00:16:00,560 --> 00:16:04,200 NARRATOR: Loyal friends who had paved Gaddafi's path to power 256 00:16:04,360 --> 00:16:07,440 were now being removed one by one. 257 00:16:07,600 --> 00:16:11,520 Many of them disappearing without any trace. 258 00:16:11,680 --> 00:16:15,400 Any opposition is suppressed. 259 00:16:15,560 --> 00:16:20,320 Over 300 Libyans at a time were given the death sentence, 260 00:16:20,480 --> 00:16:23,560 many executed by public hanging. 261 00:16:26,600 --> 00:16:29,520 VIGURS: When these men have convinced those around them 262 00:16:29,680 --> 00:16:32,280 that they are the superior being, 263 00:16:32,440 --> 00:16:34,640 the best person for the job, 264 00:16:34,800 --> 00:16:38,360 and they're surrounded by 'yes' men, then it becomes very difficult 265 00:16:38,520 --> 00:16:41,360 to say no, and that's when the tyrant is born. 266 00:16:41,520 --> 00:16:44,280 When people start to resist, people start to fight back, 267 00:16:44,440 --> 00:16:47,000 that person will not accept that 268 00:16:47,160 --> 00:16:50,120 and this is where the kind of dictatorship, 269 00:16:50,280 --> 00:16:52,800 the mistreatment of the people, comes in. 270 00:16:52,960 --> 00:16:56,040 Anyone who resists is going to find themselves in a lot of trouble. 271 00:16:57,960 --> 00:17:01,360 NARRATOR: Taking a leaf from Mao Zedong's Little Red Book, 272 00:17:01,520 --> 00:17:04,200 Gaddafi created the Green Book, 273 00:17:04,359 --> 00:17:06,880 Guide To The Libyan Arab Creed. 274 00:17:12,520 --> 00:17:16,079 - He saw himself almost as a messiah. 275 00:17:16,240 --> 00:17:21,480 He wrote a book which he believed to be 276 00:17:21,640 --> 00:17:25,400 the answer to the world's problems. 277 00:17:25,560 --> 00:17:29,240 He forced people in schools... All the kids in schools 278 00:17:29,400 --> 00:17:33,520 had to read his book and memorise it and were tested on it. 279 00:17:35,000 --> 00:17:37,920 NARRATOR: By the mid-1970s, Libya was swimming in oil dollars. 280 00:17:39,680 --> 00:17:44,400 With money and power, Gaddafi could spread his ambitious tentacles, 281 00:17:44,560 --> 00:17:49,160 while in public, he feigned humility and abstinence. 282 00:17:49,320 --> 00:17:51,800 - (man) You think there's a good chance that Colonel Gaddafi 283 00:17:51,960 --> 00:17:54,200 can be leader of a united Arab world? 284 00:17:54,360 --> 00:18:00,280 - I am not searching for role of leader or president 285 00:18:00,440 --> 00:18:02,920 or empire or something like this. 286 00:18:03,080 --> 00:18:08,320 I am doing my... My duty towards my... My nation. 287 00:18:09,360 --> 00:18:11,800 NARRATOR: But in some ways, Gaddafi appeared to be 288 00:18:11,960 --> 00:18:14,160 a genuine progressive. 289 00:18:14,320 --> 00:18:16,720 While the Western world wrestled with women's lib, 290 00:18:16,880 --> 00:18:20,160 the Green Book speaks of the emancipation of women, 291 00:18:20,320 --> 00:18:23,080 their freedom and enlightenment. 292 00:18:23,240 --> 00:18:27,720 The President appoints women as his elite bodyguard. 293 00:18:27,880 --> 00:18:32,520 It's only in hindsight that we now know his true motives 294 00:18:32,680 --> 00:18:36,000 for surrounding himself with the opposite sex. 295 00:18:36,160 --> 00:18:40,520 KAPLAN: Gaddafi surrounds himself with these Amazonian women. 296 00:18:40,680 --> 00:18:46,040 Now, it says something of how he was influenced by the society he was in 297 00:18:46,200 --> 00:18:50,280 that maybe in the Arab society that says, 298 00:18:50,440 --> 00:18:54,160 wow, this is really sexualised imagery. 299 00:18:54,320 --> 00:18:58,520 But in Western society, it's seen as crude, almost pornographic. 300 00:18:58,680 --> 00:19:02,240 But it also constantly hints at 301 00:19:02,400 --> 00:19:06,480 his own sexual ambiguity and insecurity. 302 00:19:06,640 --> 00:19:09,040 - (military music) 303 00:19:11,640 --> 00:19:14,160 NARRATOR: In 1981, Gaddafi opens 304 00:19:14,320 --> 00:19:18,800 one of the world's first female-only military academies. 305 00:19:26,360 --> 00:19:28,720 He publicly calls for the release 306 00:19:28,880 --> 00:19:31,840 of women imprisoned across the Arab world. 307 00:19:32,000 --> 00:19:35,560 He labels himself the "Friend of Women". 308 00:19:35,720 --> 00:19:40,840 But in private, the women he enlists to protect him 309 00:19:41,000 --> 00:19:45,680 will be trapped in his secret cell of sexual violence. 310 00:19:47,400 --> 00:19:51,360 - So Gaddafi surrounded himself with female bodyguards. 311 00:19:51,520 --> 00:19:54,280 From the outset, that looks quite positive. 312 00:19:54,440 --> 00:19:58,120 You know, employing women, equal opportunities. 313 00:19:58,280 --> 00:20:02,200 These women were beautiful, heavily made-up, coiffured. 314 00:20:02,360 --> 00:20:04,920 But there is a darker side to this. 315 00:20:05,080 --> 00:20:08,400 That they were Gaddafi's effectively sex slaves. 316 00:20:08,560 --> 00:20:14,560 - He called them bodyguards but they were really sexual slaves 317 00:20:14,720 --> 00:20:19,840 to Gaddafi and his proclivities towards sexual violence. 318 00:20:20,000 --> 00:20:22,640 But it is particularly interesting 319 00:20:22,800 --> 00:20:26,800 that he chose to clothe these women 320 00:20:26,960 --> 00:20:29,920 in military-type fashion. 321 00:20:30,080 --> 00:20:35,160 So he had fetishised the military vibe 322 00:20:35,320 --> 00:20:39,120 and these women embodied that fetish. 323 00:20:41,000 --> 00:20:43,040 NARRATOR: Away from the cameras, 324 00:20:43,200 --> 00:20:46,280 a truly horrific scenario was playing out. 325 00:20:46,440 --> 00:20:49,280 In his Tripoli residence he shared with his second wife, 326 00:20:49,440 --> 00:20:52,200 Safia Farkash, and seven children, 327 00:20:52,360 --> 00:20:57,160 thirty young women, including girls from the age of 15, 328 00:20:57,320 --> 00:21:01,080 were imprisoned in a secret basement apartment. 329 00:21:01,240 --> 00:21:05,760 Here, they are coerced to perform every sex act 330 00:21:05,920 --> 00:21:08,360 their leader can conceive of, 331 00:21:08,520 --> 00:21:11,840 forced to take drugs, submit themselves to be raped, 332 00:21:12,000 --> 00:21:14,040 even to be urinated on. 333 00:21:14,200 --> 00:21:16,760 And in turn, they were expected to facilitate 334 00:21:16,920 --> 00:21:20,600 the virgin rape of other young Libyan girls. 335 00:21:22,080 --> 00:21:26,880 - Gaddafi, any kind of sexual relationship that he had 336 00:21:27,040 --> 00:21:32,040 really wasn't sex at all because none of it was consensual. 337 00:21:32,200 --> 00:21:37,760 He was a sexual sadist, he was a violent person. 338 00:21:37,920 --> 00:21:41,320 His experience with women 339 00:21:41,480 --> 00:21:43,920 could only be categorised as rape. 340 00:21:45,440 --> 00:21:48,640 NARRATOR: Gaddafi had reached the depth of his depravity 341 00:21:48,800 --> 00:21:51,360 at the height of his power. 342 00:21:51,520 --> 00:21:54,520 But he wanted more, much more. 343 00:22:02,960 --> 00:22:05,000 NARRATOR: Through the 1980s, 344 00:22:05,160 --> 00:22:07,400 Libya's livid leader, Muammar Gaddafi, 345 00:22:07,560 --> 00:22:10,880 was playing a dangerous, high-risk game. 346 00:22:11,040 --> 00:22:14,920 - At the height of his power, he felt that he had the ear of world. 347 00:22:15,080 --> 00:22:18,560 He was bankrolled by millions of dollars in oil 348 00:22:18,720 --> 00:22:22,680 and he even declared himself the King of Africa. 349 00:22:22,840 --> 00:22:26,640 350 00:22:26,800 --> 00:22:32,240 MOGHADDAM: For a while, Gaddafi, because of oil money, 351 00:22:32,400 --> 00:22:37,040 had become highly influential in parts of Africa. 352 00:22:38,400 --> 00:22:44,400 And he even went as far as to crown himself as King of Africa. 353 00:22:44,560 --> 00:22:47,120 But again, this was delusional. 354 00:22:47,280 --> 00:22:51,760 Because other African nations didn't see him that way, 355 00:22:51,920 --> 00:22:55,720 although some of them were very happy to accept his oil money. 356 00:22:57,360 --> 00:23:00,480 VIGURS: He loved the publicity, he loved to the attention. 357 00:23:00,640 --> 00:23:03,200 He was a real showman. 358 00:23:03,360 --> 00:23:05,760 FARIDA: So I think he genuinely believed 359 00:23:05,920 --> 00:23:08,560 that he can be actually the ruler of Africa. 360 00:23:11,200 --> 00:23:14,160 NARRATOR: He embraces the pomp and grandeur. 361 00:23:14,320 --> 00:23:18,360 Slowly but surely manifesting his own cult of personality. 362 00:23:18,520 --> 00:23:21,240 Designing his own uniforms, 363 00:23:21,400 --> 00:23:23,840 replete with the many medalled jackets, 364 00:23:24,000 --> 00:23:26,360 garish colour-matched ensembles, 365 00:23:26,520 --> 00:23:30,800 intensely dyed hair, rock-star sunglasses and make-up. 366 00:23:30,960 --> 00:23:34,280 MOGHADDAM: As he got older, 367 00:23:34,440 --> 00:23:38,280 his shows became more and more extravagant. 368 00:23:38,440 --> 00:23:44,040 And he became more and more divorced from reality. 369 00:23:44,200 --> 00:23:47,440 He had illusions about how people loved him 370 00:23:47,600 --> 00:23:50,320 and how women loved him. 371 00:23:51,160 --> 00:23:57,160 And that every woman would be honoured to sleep with him. 372 00:24:00,960 --> 00:24:03,240 NARRATOR: Gaddafi's personal bodyguards, 373 00:24:03,400 --> 00:24:07,040 enticed into service by the promise of career advancement, 374 00:24:07,200 --> 00:24:09,920 receive insufficient training to hold their own 375 00:24:10,080 --> 00:24:12,680 among their male compatriots. 376 00:24:12,840 --> 00:24:16,360 In fact, they are selected, taken from their families, 377 00:24:16,520 --> 00:24:20,040 and pressed into service on the basis of their looks 378 00:24:20,200 --> 00:24:24,120 and their president's personal desires. 379 00:24:25,280 --> 00:24:28,360 FARIDA: That was part of the propaganda. To try to show himself 380 00:24:28,520 --> 00:24:31,160 as a brother leader, to show himself as a supporter 381 00:24:31,320 --> 00:24:34,560 of woman's rights, but deep down, I don't think he cared so much 382 00:24:34,720 --> 00:24:38,160 about women's rights and about the women's status in Libya in general. 383 00:24:38,320 --> 00:24:40,960 I think he used that as a facade or a veneer 384 00:24:41,120 --> 00:24:45,600 to hide his real interests in exploiting women, 385 00:24:45,760 --> 00:24:49,040 sexually or otherwise. 386 00:24:49,200 --> 00:24:51,440 - It's a little bit like what the Nazis did. 387 00:24:51,600 --> 00:24:56,280 The Nazis had these beautiful uniforms that screamed out 388 00:24:56,440 --> 00:24:59,120 SandM designed by Hugo Boss. 389 00:24:59,280 --> 00:25:04,560 And all the marching around had very hyper-sexualised images. 390 00:25:04,720 --> 00:25:06,720 And that's exactly what Gaddafi did. 391 00:25:06,880 --> 00:25:10,840 What does it say? It wants to say something about you. 392 00:25:11,000 --> 00:25:14,800 "Look at my manhood." But it also hints at, 393 00:25:14,960 --> 00:25:17,920 "Boy, am I insecure beneath it all." 394 00:25:18,920 --> 00:25:22,400 NARRATOR: His victims were silenced by shame 395 00:25:22,560 --> 00:25:25,680 and they weren't limited to young girls. 396 00:25:27,320 --> 00:25:30,240 WORTHEN: He even had a group of young boys 397 00:25:30,400 --> 00:25:32,800 that he would also sexually abuse. 398 00:25:32,960 --> 00:25:37,240 They were known as the Services Group to service his every need. 399 00:25:39,080 --> 00:25:41,440 NARRATOR: Gaddafi's bi-sexual predilections 400 00:25:41,600 --> 00:25:44,120 were well known among his inner circle. 401 00:25:44,280 --> 00:25:47,480 Just as they were to foreign intelligence services, 402 00:25:47,640 --> 00:25:50,960 both of allies and enemies. 403 00:25:51,120 --> 00:25:54,760 - He was a paedophile. I'm not sure what he did with men, 404 00:25:54,920 --> 00:25:57,360 but he certainly did it with boys. 405 00:25:57,520 --> 00:26:00,160 And I don't think there's any better way 406 00:26:00,320 --> 00:26:04,520 of confirming his absolute sexual insecurity and ambiguity. 407 00:26:04,680 --> 00:26:06,680 - (chanting) 408 00:26:08,800 --> 00:26:13,800 KAPLAN: What you get is the same mentality of the rapist. 409 00:26:13,960 --> 00:26:16,640 Namely, this is power, this is violence. 410 00:26:16,800 --> 00:26:20,000 The actual sex act is almost secondary. 411 00:26:20,160 --> 00:26:22,200 And on top of that, you get somebody 412 00:26:22,360 --> 00:26:26,160 who we've got good evidence was sexually tremulous. 413 00:26:26,320 --> 00:26:29,680 He wasn't certain of his sexuality and what he should be. 414 00:26:29,840 --> 00:26:32,360 And he knew in the Arab world, 415 00:26:32,520 --> 00:26:34,720 no matter what you say in public, 416 00:26:34,880 --> 00:26:38,440 if the knowledge comes out that you are having sex with boys, 417 00:26:38,600 --> 00:26:40,600 your image is shot. 418 00:26:40,760 --> 00:26:43,440 - In many situations, these boys were also kidnapped 419 00:26:43,600 --> 00:26:47,320 and taken from their families, never to be seen again. 420 00:26:47,480 --> 00:26:52,920 Here just to service Gaddafi, ultimately until they matured 421 00:26:53,080 --> 00:26:55,080 and grew up and became men 422 00:26:55,240 --> 00:26:57,520 and were no longer of interest to Gaddafi. 423 00:26:57,680 --> 00:27:01,520 This is not something that just comes out of nowhere. 424 00:27:01,680 --> 00:27:05,640 That his bizarre, sexual, 425 00:27:05,800 --> 00:27:09,960 sadistic, scary interests in sex 426 00:27:10,120 --> 00:27:15,040 were likely something that he had developed during puberty. 427 00:27:15,200 --> 00:27:20,600 And it was only when he was able to achieve the power that he did 428 00:27:20,760 --> 00:27:24,560 that he was actually able to design an entire world 429 00:27:24,720 --> 00:27:27,600 of sexual sadism around him. 430 00:27:29,320 --> 00:27:31,320 NARRATOR: As he flouted his power, 431 00:27:31,480 --> 00:27:33,960 and rumours of his private corruption and depravity 432 00:27:34,120 --> 00:27:38,160 began to spread, whispers of dissent grew louder. 433 00:27:38,320 --> 00:27:41,480 Assassination attempts followed. 434 00:27:41,640 --> 00:27:44,120 - (male reporter) In the centre of town we stopped. 435 00:27:44,280 --> 00:27:46,560 And there, almost strolling along the main street, 436 00:27:46,720 --> 00:27:49,760 was Colonel Gaddafi. It was particularly unexpected 437 00:27:49,920 --> 00:27:53,800 since only yesterday there had been an attempt on his life. 438 00:27:53,960 --> 00:27:56,320 MOGHADDAM: He projected a certain image 439 00:27:56,480 --> 00:28:01,160 onto the West and he came to believe that image. 440 00:28:01,320 --> 00:28:04,560 He projected an image of himself 441 00:28:04,720 --> 00:28:08,080 as the champion of third world nations, 442 00:28:08,240 --> 00:28:13,000 particularly in Africa. And he came to believe in that image 443 00:28:13,160 --> 00:28:16,880 but he didn't realise nobody else believed it. 444 00:28:18,920 --> 00:28:22,160 NARRATOR: Gaddafi was volatile and unpredictable, 445 00:28:22,320 --> 00:28:24,800 and that scared the West. 446 00:28:24,960 --> 00:28:26,240 - (chanting) 447 00:28:26,400 --> 00:28:29,320 - (male reporter) This is the moment Libya became a pariah state. 448 00:28:29,480 --> 00:28:33,600 On the 17th of April 1984, a group of anti-Gaddafi protestors 449 00:28:33,760 --> 00:28:36,400 gathered outside the Libyan embassy in London. 450 00:28:36,560 --> 00:28:40,720 NARRATOR: Shots were fired at the protestors from inside the embassy. 451 00:28:40,880 --> 00:28:44,920 Eleven were wounded and Police Constable Yvonne Fletcher, 452 00:28:45,080 --> 00:28:48,720 aged just 25, killed. 453 00:28:48,880 --> 00:28:53,160 Gaddafi, predictably, denied everything. 454 00:28:53,320 --> 00:28:57,880 - No, no, people there are, are innocent people. 455 00:28:58,040 --> 00:29:00,960 NARRATOR: In the face of Western condemnation, 456 00:29:01,120 --> 00:29:04,080 Gaddafi doubled down as anti-West. 457 00:29:04,240 --> 00:29:07,720 - Reagan is the biggest terrorist in the world. 458 00:29:07,880 --> 00:29:10,120 NARRATOR: And upped his anti-Semitic rhetoric. 459 00:29:11,040 --> 00:29:14,600 - Do you think that Libya has an important role to play 460 00:29:14,760 --> 00:29:19,840 in trying to get a Middle East peace settlement involving the Israelis? 461 00:29:20,000 --> 00:29:22,760 - There is no possibility for peace 462 00:29:22,920 --> 00:29:27,200 because Israelis or Jews, 463 00:29:27,360 --> 00:29:33,360 they deny there is a...a people which is Palestinian people. 464 00:29:33,520 --> 00:29:36,400 NARRATOR: Gaddafi showed a natural affinity 465 00:29:36,560 --> 00:29:38,520 with the global tyrants' club. 466 00:29:38,680 --> 00:29:44,360 Shaking hands, leveraging notoriety to further inflate his own. 467 00:29:44,520 --> 00:29:46,520 - We know that he was a very ambitious man, 468 00:29:46,680 --> 00:29:48,800 that he wanted to create influence around the world. 469 00:29:48,960 --> 00:29:51,840 And he made that through money, through supporting 470 00:29:52,000 --> 00:29:56,080 terrorist networks, through supporting armed militias and so on. 471 00:29:56,240 --> 00:29:59,440 NARRATOR: Gaddafi used his oil dollars to fund 472 00:29:59,600 --> 00:30:02,840 international terror groups, including the IRA. 473 00:30:03,000 --> 00:30:05,640 TREVOR: Britain would argue that 474 00:30:05,800 --> 00:30:09,480 you support organisations like the IRA. 475 00:30:09,640 --> 00:30:15,360 - We believe the, the cause of, uh, of, uh, Ireland 476 00:30:15,520 --> 00:30:19,840 is a just cause and we support this just cause. 477 00:30:21,480 --> 00:30:24,320 FARIDA: Support for IRA is just one tactic that he used 478 00:30:24,480 --> 00:30:27,280 to put pressure on the British government. 479 00:30:27,440 --> 00:30:29,480 This is when he was trying to portray himself 480 00:30:29,640 --> 00:30:32,960 as an anti-Western leader. This is when he started his propaganda 481 00:30:33,120 --> 00:30:36,360 and he started his narrative as an Arab leader 482 00:30:36,520 --> 00:30:39,480 and presenting himself as the potential 483 00:30:39,640 --> 00:30:42,240 Arab leader for the rest of the Arab world. 484 00:30:45,680 --> 00:30:48,440 NARRATOR: But eventually, Gaddafi's terrorist funding 485 00:30:48,600 --> 00:30:51,400 grew too much for Western governments. 486 00:30:51,560 --> 00:30:55,960 Words and threats to get him to desist were clearly not enough. 487 00:30:56,120 --> 00:31:00,720 The only deterrent he understood was direct military aggression. 488 00:31:00,880 --> 00:31:04,880 - The evidence is now conclusive that the terrorist bombing 489 00:31:05,040 --> 00:31:08,160 of La Belle discotheque was planned and executed 490 00:31:08,320 --> 00:31:11,480 under the direct orders of the Libyan regime. 491 00:31:15,400 --> 00:31:20,200 He counted on America to be passive. He counted wrong. 492 00:31:20,360 --> 00:31:23,200 - (male reporter) Tripoli exploded with heavy anti-aircraft fire 493 00:31:23,360 --> 00:31:26,600 twice during the day. 494 00:31:26,760 --> 00:31:30,240 A nighttime barrage the heaviest so far. 495 00:31:30,400 --> 00:31:33,960 The raid on Colonel Gaddafi's headquarters in Tripoli 496 00:31:34,120 --> 00:31:38,720 have blasted his home and family, killing an adopted daughter. 497 00:31:38,880 --> 00:31:43,960 NARRATOR: Even with the loss of family, Gaddafi remained defiant. 498 00:31:44,120 --> 00:31:47,640 TREVOR: Muammar Gaddafi, how has your country changed 499 00:31:47,800 --> 00:31:50,120 after the American attack? 500 00:31:50,280 --> 00:31:53,200 - We got benefit from this aggression. 501 00:31:53,360 --> 00:31:57,040 Our people is aware now. 502 00:31:57,200 --> 00:32:03,120 And, uh, all the Arab, uh, nation, 503 00:32:03,280 --> 00:32:08,160 uh, came around us. 504 00:32:08,320 --> 00:32:13,040 And, uh, all the peoples in the world supported us. 505 00:32:13,200 --> 00:32:17,560 They lose and we, we won. 506 00:32:19,160 --> 00:32:21,600 NARRATOR: Gaddafi survives the Reagan bombing 507 00:32:21,760 --> 00:32:24,440 at the helm of a rogue state. 508 00:32:24,600 --> 00:32:28,640 But his world is about to come crashing down. 509 00:32:28,800 --> 00:32:31,560 REAGAN: This Mad Dog of the Middle East 510 00:32:31,720 --> 00:32:34,720 has a goal of a world revolution. 511 00:32:43,600 --> 00:32:46,280 NARRATOR: Winter, 1988. 512 00:32:46,440 --> 00:32:49,240 Four days before Christmas, 513 00:32:49,400 --> 00:32:51,880 a full Pan Am Flight 103 514 00:32:52,040 --> 00:32:57,000 explodes in midair over Lockerbie in Scotland. 515 00:32:57,160 --> 00:32:59,800 - (male reporter) On all the hillsides surrounding Lockerbie, 516 00:32:59,960 --> 00:33:01,760 stretcher parties were at work. 517 00:33:01,920 --> 00:33:04,120 Fireman and rescue services have spent Christmas Eve 518 00:33:04,280 --> 00:33:06,800 working around the shattered cockpit of Flight 103, 519 00:33:06,960 --> 00:33:08,960 sifting through the wreckage. 520 00:33:09,120 --> 00:33:11,840 NARRATOR: The crash site is declared a crime scene. 521 00:33:12,000 --> 00:33:17,920 259 victims murdered by an act of terror. 522 00:33:20,720 --> 00:33:24,400 Less than a year later, a French passenger airliner 523 00:33:24,560 --> 00:33:27,640 is downed in central West Africa. 524 00:33:27,800 --> 00:33:29,880 170 people dead, 525 00:33:30,040 --> 00:33:33,840 including the wife of an American ambassador. 526 00:33:35,560 --> 00:33:39,960 Intelligence links both bombings to Libya. 527 00:33:40,120 --> 00:33:43,880 The international community imposes trade embargos. 528 00:33:44,040 --> 00:33:47,080 Gaddafi is under pressure. 529 00:33:47,240 --> 00:33:49,280 - (male reporter) At the UN, ambassadors are hopeful 530 00:33:49,440 --> 00:33:52,320 these limited sanctions will be enough to persuade Libya 531 00:33:52,480 --> 00:33:54,600 to hand over the two Lockerbie suspects 532 00:33:54,760 --> 00:33:56,560 and renounce support for terrorism. 533 00:33:56,720 --> 00:34:00,360 - When it became clear that Gaddafi was little more than a mob leader, 534 00:34:00,520 --> 00:34:05,200 funding terrorism, especially in the wake of the Lockerbie disaster, 535 00:34:05,360 --> 00:34:08,280 when sanctions were brought against Libya, 536 00:34:08,440 --> 00:34:11,120 affecting the people that he was supposed to be leading, 537 00:34:11,280 --> 00:34:14,520 supposed to be helping, things started to unravel for him. 538 00:34:14,679 --> 00:34:17,440 His popularity started to wane. 539 00:34:19,920 --> 00:34:23,440 NARRATOR: While his people suffer with the mounting sanctions, 540 00:34:23,600 --> 00:34:27,480 Gaddafi shoots family vacation videos. 541 00:34:28,679 --> 00:34:30,679 What his camera doesn't show 542 00:34:30,840 --> 00:34:34,440 is his pathological addiction to sex, 543 00:34:34,600 --> 00:34:39,280 requiring a supply of four or five young victims per day. 544 00:34:39,440 --> 00:34:43,080 FARIDA: And then you started hearing stories, horrible stories, 545 00:34:43,239 --> 00:34:48,239 about his exploitation of women, boys. 546 00:34:48,400 --> 00:34:51,120 Using sex or using rape 547 00:34:51,280 --> 00:34:55,480 as a weapon by himself or the people that work with him. 548 00:34:55,639 --> 00:34:58,800 NARRATOR: Gaddafi even began to use sex 549 00:34:58,960 --> 00:35:01,320 as an internal political weapon, 550 00:35:01,480 --> 00:35:04,600 a way of shoring up his personal power base. 551 00:35:04,760 --> 00:35:08,880 WORTHEN: For Gaddafi, his ultimate sexual prize, 552 00:35:09,040 --> 00:35:11,640 the conquest that he was most proud of, 553 00:35:11,800 --> 00:35:17,200 were the wives and daughters of his comrades, of his peers. 554 00:35:19,040 --> 00:35:23,640 It was so exciting to him that he could dominate women 555 00:35:23,800 --> 00:35:28,520 from his own circle while also dominating women 556 00:35:28,680 --> 00:35:32,320 that he really shouldn't have access to. 557 00:35:32,480 --> 00:35:35,600 But because he was so violent and powerful, 558 00:35:35,760 --> 00:35:38,600 he was even able to do that. 559 00:35:43,200 --> 00:35:45,200 - (crowd screams) 560 00:35:47,600 --> 00:35:50,840 NARRATOR: As the shocking live images of 9/11 561 00:35:51,000 --> 00:35:53,520 seared the world's retinas, 562 00:35:53,680 --> 00:35:56,840 Gaddafi saw the writing on the wall. 563 00:35:58,360 --> 00:36:02,120 The global war on terror escalated overnight, 564 00:36:02,280 --> 00:36:07,440 and the Libyan dictator chose this moment to change sides. 565 00:36:10,080 --> 00:36:12,480 - In the wake of 9/11, when it was clear 566 00:36:12,640 --> 00:36:15,280 that there was going to be a global war on terror, 567 00:36:15,440 --> 00:36:18,920 Gaddafi tried to realign himself. 568 00:36:19,080 --> 00:36:21,520 And this time to align himself with the West. 569 00:36:21,680 --> 00:36:26,280 - So he wanted to then protect himself and protect his ruling 570 00:36:26,440 --> 00:36:30,400 by trying to siding with the West and the US once again, 571 00:36:30,560 --> 00:36:34,880 by saying that Libya will disarm its weapons of mass destruction. 572 00:36:35,040 --> 00:36:37,240 It's willing to take admission 573 00:36:37,400 --> 00:36:42,560 and to take responsibility of the Lockerbie attack in Scotland 574 00:36:42,720 --> 00:36:45,720 and then to pay compensation for that. 575 00:36:45,880 --> 00:36:49,200 NARRATOR: Now, after 30 years in power, 576 00:36:49,360 --> 00:36:52,120 and having utterly transformed himself 577 00:36:52,280 --> 00:36:55,360 from the anti-Western pan-Arab Nationalist Leader 578 00:36:55,520 --> 00:36:57,960 he had once positioned himself as, 579 00:36:58,120 --> 00:37:02,560 he was now willing to turn himself into a creature of the West 580 00:37:02,720 --> 00:37:06,080 if it would help him stay in power. 581 00:37:06,240 --> 00:37:09,280 - (male reporter) Tony Blair met Libya's Colonel Gaddafi, 582 00:37:09,440 --> 00:37:12,840 re-opening trade links between the two countries. 583 00:37:13,000 --> 00:37:16,200 Who would have believed it? Libya and Britain, 584 00:37:16,360 --> 00:37:20,120 Gaddafi and Blair, shoulder to shoulder in the war on terror. 585 00:37:20,280 --> 00:37:21,800 - But it was too late. 586 00:37:21,960 --> 00:37:24,200 He'd effectively burnt all of his bridges. 587 00:37:24,360 --> 00:37:26,680 Nobody was going to support him. 588 00:37:26,840 --> 00:37:30,120 And effectively, he just started to run out of friends. 589 00:37:31,920 --> 00:37:36,000 NARRATOR: In his final years in power, Gaddafi's paranoia grew, 590 00:37:36,160 --> 00:37:40,680 as did his vanity and his sexual depravity. 591 00:37:40,840 --> 00:37:43,880 MOGHADDAM: He had to force himself on women 592 00:37:44,040 --> 00:37:46,280 because he was no longer attractive. 593 00:37:46,440 --> 00:37:48,680 He was no longer young. 594 00:37:48,840 --> 00:37:53,560 So his sexual deviations became greater and greater. 595 00:37:53,720 --> 00:37:57,560 NARRATOR: Gaddafi flew a cosmetic surgeon from Brazil 596 00:37:57,720 --> 00:38:00,320 to give him a face lift. 597 00:38:00,480 --> 00:38:02,600 FARIDA: He refused to be under the anaesthetic 598 00:38:02,760 --> 00:38:05,360 because, you know, he didn't want to be unconscious. 599 00:38:05,520 --> 00:38:10,520 And he suffered through the whole operation being fully conscious. 600 00:38:10,680 --> 00:38:13,480 And that shows you the level of trust he has 601 00:38:13,640 --> 00:38:16,120 of the loyalty of people around him. 602 00:38:16,280 --> 00:38:18,960 He thought they would kill him when he was unconscious. 603 00:38:20,440 --> 00:38:24,080 NARRATOR: And as shadows grew longer over his dictatorial rule, 604 00:38:24,240 --> 00:38:26,960 his depravity grew ever darker. 605 00:38:27,120 --> 00:38:32,640 WORTHEN: Gaddafi had bizarre sexual practices. 606 00:38:32,800 --> 00:38:35,360 He did horrific things to women. 607 00:38:35,520 --> 00:38:38,880 He actually had a torture chamber 608 00:38:39,040 --> 00:38:42,360 that was hidden away in a basement. 609 00:38:42,520 --> 00:38:47,200 And in this location, he would torture women. 610 00:38:47,360 --> 00:38:50,760 He would force them to watch him torture other people. 611 00:38:50,920 --> 00:38:55,000 NARRATOR: The sexual violence was unthinkable. 612 00:38:56,880 --> 00:39:01,600 He even had a team of nurses on call to treat bite marks, fractures, 613 00:39:01,760 --> 00:39:05,360 and internal injuries suffered by his victims, 614 00:39:05,520 --> 00:39:09,720 to try and keep a lid on his appalling crimes. 615 00:39:09,880 --> 00:39:14,560 - He gave no value at all to other people's lives. 616 00:39:16,280 --> 00:39:19,160 He didn't have any empathy for them. 617 00:39:19,320 --> 00:39:22,960 NARRATOR: The tyrant was out of control. 618 00:39:23,120 --> 00:39:25,120 - (gunfire) 619 00:39:25,280 --> 00:39:28,520 NARRATOR: In 2010, popular uprisings 620 00:39:28,680 --> 00:39:32,440 began erupting across the Middle East and North Africa. 621 00:39:32,600 --> 00:39:37,440 Dubbed the Arab Spring, Gaddafi would not be spared. 622 00:39:37,600 --> 00:39:40,160 - (female reporter) Colonel Gaddafi is your army deserting you? 623 00:39:40,320 --> 00:39:43,200 Is your army deserting you, do you believe? 624 00:39:46,840 --> 00:39:49,480 NARRATOR: Ironically, it was Arab Nationalism 625 00:39:49,640 --> 00:39:51,440 that brought him to power 626 00:39:51,600 --> 00:39:54,240 and the same forces that brought him down. 627 00:39:58,600 --> 00:40:00,600 NARRATOR: With defeat inevitable, 628 00:40:00,760 --> 00:40:03,520 he tries desperately to reinvent himself once more 629 00:40:03,680 --> 00:40:06,600 as a firebrand Arab revolutionary. 630 00:40:19,440 --> 00:40:22,080 NARRATOR: An audience encouraged to attend 631 00:40:22,240 --> 00:40:25,360 by Gaddafi's remaining loyalists in the military. 632 00:40:26,920 --> 00:40:30,960 - What made Gaddafi distinctive was that he started off 633 00:40:31,120 --> 00:40:35,120 as an Arab Nationalist, and this wasn't necessarily a bad thing. 634 00:40:35,280 --> 00:40:39,200 Arabs needed good leaders who would look after their people. 635 00:40:39,360 --> 00:40:44,200 But in the end, his megalomania overcame him. 636 00:40:44,360 --> 00:40:50,360 He got caught up by this idea of taking on the whole world 637 00:40:50,520 --> 00:40:53,080 rather than sticking to his own patch. 638 00:40:53,240 --> 00:40:55,080 and this led to his destruction. 639 00:40:55,240 --> 00:40:58,440 He's just another dictator who took it too far 640 00:40:58,600 --> 00:41:00,600 and got his just desserts. 641 00:41:05,440 --> 00:41:07,440 NARRATOR: For his victims, 642 00:41:07,600 --> 00:41:10,680 his downfall and death in October 2011 643 00:41:10,840 --> 00:41:14,360 released a complex raft of emotions. 644 00:41:15,880 --> 00:41:20,200 Fear, the chaotic savagery on their screens, 645 00:41:20,360 --> 00:41:25,800 a violence they were subjected to daily, would spread and find them. 646 00:41:25,960 --> 00:41:27,040 - (yelling and gunfire) 647 00:41:28,040 --> 00:41:29,760 NARRATOR: Impotent rage 648 00:41:29,920 --> 00:41:34,200 their persecutor would escape trial for his heinous crimes. 649 00:41:34,360 --> 00:41:38,520 Above all, there was a shared sense of just vengeance. 650 00:41:40,440 --> 00:41:44,160 Because before the crush of the crowd, 651 00:41:44,320 --> 00:41:46,640 before the brutal beating... 652 00:41:48,600 --> 00:41:51,440 ..before the bullets, 653 00:41:51,600 --> 00:41:55,080 ..there was footage shared among the victims 654 00:41:55,240 --> 00:41:58,200 of Gaddafi's secret life of sexual abuse, 655 00:41:58,360 --> 00:42:01,600 footage of the moment their 'Brotherly Leader' 656 00:42:01,760 --> 00:42:05,480 was violently penetrated by a bayonet, 657 00:42:05,640 --> 00:42:10,160 the moment their rapist was raped. 658 00:42:12,040 --> 00:42:16,080 - There is a gruesome irony to his ultimate end 659 00:42:16,240 --> 00:42:20,960 in which his people overthrew him in a very violent and brutal way. 660 00:42:21,120 --> 00:42:25,080 He was sodomised with a bayonet. 661 00:42:25,240 --> 00:42:27,960 An ultimate way to show deference 662 00:42:28,120 --> 00:42:33,000 and to procure his own power away from him 663 00:42:33,160 --> 00:42:36,880 by treating him as a sex object 664 00:42:37,040 --> 00:42:39,640 in a very violent and brutal way. 665 00:42:39,800 --> 00:42:41,800 - (yelling and gunfire) 666 00:42:43,760 --> 00:42:46,640 - Today, we are told that Gaddafi is dead. 667 00:42:47,800 --> 00:42:52,480 Today, Libya, Libya's future begins. 668 00:42:52,640 --> 00:42:56,360 Gaddafi's black era 669 00:42:56,520 --> 00:43:00,240 has come to an end forever. 670 00:43:02,280 --> 00:43:04,280 - We've seen reports about women who were found 671 00:43:04,440 --> 00:43:08,240 just by the side of the road, raped and just dead. 672 00:43:08,400 --> 00:43:11,600 These could be some of his victims but we don't know. 673 00:43:12,560 --> 00:43:16,920 - Gaddafi seized power in order to overthrow tyranny, 674 00:43:17,080 --> 00:43:20,720 but he ended up becoming a tyrant himself. 675 00:43:20,880 --> 00:43:22,880 MOGHADDAM: He projected an image 676 00:43:23,040 --> 00:43:27,600 as the champion of third world nations, particularly in Africa. 677 00:43:27,760 --> 00:43:31,560 And he came to believe in that image. 678 00:43:31,720 --> 00:43:36,400 But he didn't realise nobody else believed it. 679 00:43:36,560 --> 00:43:39,400 - If ever there was a leader who had pride before the fall, 680 00:43:39,560 --> 00:43:41,840 it was Gaddafi. 681 00:44:19,040 --> 00:44:21,080 Subtitles by Sky Access Services