1 00:00:21,709 --> 00:00:25,460 MUSIC 2 00:00:27,334 --> 00:00:31,876 NEWS REPORTERS 3 00:00:32,225 --> 00:00:36,434 I am glad there is an absolute commitment to advancing the 4 00:00:36,459 --> 00:00:40,584 goal of European integration. We have very ambitious plans! 5 00:00:40,609 --> 00:00:42,692 We are very ambitious country, we are very ambitious 6 00:00:42,717 --> 00:00:44,841 government! We have a special Minister 7 00:00:44,876 --> 00:00:47,335 for European integration in our cabinet. 8 00:00:47,719 --> 00:00:51,253 We are changing the face of our country to become 9 00:00:51,265 --> 00:00:54,753 member states on the end of the day of the European Union. 10 00:00:54,768 --> 00:00:55,810 LAUGHS 11 00:00:56,353 --> 00:01:00,229 EU member is our goal, is our vision. 12 00:01:00,334 --> 00:01:03,168 We want to be part of Europe. 13 00:01:03,193 --> 00:01:05,735 We want to be colony and open society. 14 00:01:06,209 --> 00:01:10,209 Who in their right mind would actually want to be a colony? 15 00:01:11,368 --> 00:01:15,915 MUSIC 16 00:01:23,959 --> 00:01:27,209 MUSIC 17 00:01:51,200 --> 00:01:53,888 MUSIC 18 00:01:53,913 --> 00:01:57,514 I don’t think my early childhood in Yugoslavia was bad at all 19 00:01:57,539 --> 00:02:00,132 I always got a lot of presents, the family was close 20 00:02:00,157 --> 00:02:02,492 and close friends were the extended family. 21 00:02:02,517 --> 00:02:04,813 It’s a very close culture, people really care 22 00:02:04,838 --> 00:02:07,505 about each other other in so many ways. 23 00:02:07,549 --> 00:02:10,227 You just don’t see that here in the same way, 24 00:02:10,252 --> 00:02:12,946 people are very isolated from each other. They work and 25 00:02:12,971 --> 00:02:15,517 they go home and just watch television in the evening. 26 00:02:15,542 --> 00:02:18,165 We liked to watch TV as well and even had a camcorder, 27 00:02:18,190 --> 00:02:20,950 which I, being the cinematically gifted child that I was, 28 00:02:21,033 --> 00:02:23,167 always tried to get my hands on. 29 00:02:26,276 --> 00:02:29,102 What I really wanted was the camera he was holding. 30 00:02:29,127 --> 00:02:31,364 When mom took over the camera so dad could come, 31 00:02:31,406 --> 00:02:32,673 I changed my story. 32 00:02:34,618 --> 00:02:37,172 I was a clever child. Clever like a fox. 33 00:02:37,197 --> 00:02:39,116 Which was one of the characters of my 34 00:02:39,169 --> 00:02:40,907 favourite show, Goodnight kids. 35 00:02:45,087 --> 00:02:48,041 Sometimes my parents would flip the channel to the Parliament 36 00:02:48,090 --> 00:02:50,296 where there were more bedtime stories. 37 00:03:24,754 --> 00:03:27,695 As I was getting a little old for those kinds of stories, 38 00:03:27,709 --> 00:03:30,084 I did what every Yugoslav did in the Summer. 39 00:03:30,125 --> 00:03:32,334 One month free vacation with pay! 40 00:03:32,365 --> 00:03:35,279 When was the last time I had a month vacation… 41 00:03:38,626 --> 00:03:40,918 We Yugoslavs had it, every single year. 42 00:03:40,959 --> 00:03:42,418 But I never noticed, 43 00:03:42,459 --> 00:03:45,626 I was too young during the times of Communist Yugoslavia. 44 00:03:45,709 --> 00:03:48,210 Now I know what you’re thinking. Communism? 45 00:03:48,250 --> 00:03:52,584 It’s an international criminal conspiracy! 46 00:03:52,667 --> 00:03:55,084 Well, for two decades prior to 1980 47 00:03:55,125 --> 00:03:57,208 Yugoslavia was prospering with its annual 48 00:03:57,250 --> 00:03:59,459 GDP growth averaging 6.1 percent. 49 00:03:59,584 --> 00:04:03,834 A decent standard of living, free medical care and education, 50 00:04:03,918 --> 00:04:05,710 guaranteed right to a job, 51 00:04:05,751 --> 00:04:09,168 affordable public transportation and housing and utilities, 52 00:04:09,209 --> 00:04:11,876 literacy rate over 90%, 53 00:04:11,918 --> 00:04:14,877 life expectancy was 72 years. 54 00:04:14,918 --> 00:04:19,669 Most of the economy was in the public, not for profit sector. 55 00:04:25,083 --> 00:04:27,750 Yugoslavia was a different case because it had 56 00:04:27,834 --> 00:04:32,084 established it’s own form of a socialist model 57 00:04:32,125 --> 00:04:35,375 of economic activity, which was a mixed economy 58 00:04:35,459 --> 00:04:37,709 with private capitalist enterprise, with 59 00:04:37,834 --> 00:04:42,710 state-run industry and with worker cooperatives. 60 00:04:42,792 --> 00:04:46,042 It was considered to be a success story 61 00:04:46,083 --> 00:04:47,917 of market socialism. 62 00:04:48,417 --> 00:04:50,667 It had higher rates of growth 63 00:04:50,751 --> 00:04:53,502 than most of the countries of Western Europe, 64 00:04:53,667 --> 00:04:57,001 it had an advanced welfare state, 65 00:04:57,080 --> 00:04:59,880 it was a multiethnic society 66 00:05:00,834 --> 00:05:02,834 which lived in harmony, 67 00:05:02,918 --> 00:05:06,460 and in many regards it was a model of development. 68 00:05:06,501 --> 00:05:08,626 I guess you could say there really is 69 00:05:08,667 --> 00:05:10,585 something special about this land. 70 00:05:10,643 --> 00:05:13,459 So, why have people spilt so much blood over this land? 71 00:05:13,501 --> 00:05:14,584 Who was to blame here? 72 00:05:20,292 --> 00:05:22,793 Before I continue, where are we? 73 00:05:23,000 --> 00:05:26,209 Yugoslavia was located between Greece, Italy and Romania 74 00:05:26,334 --> 00:05:28,709 and it was populated by Serbs, Croats, 75 00:05:28,751 --> 00:05:30,834 Bosnian Muslims, Slovenes, Macedonians, 76 00:05:30,876 --> 00:05:33,085 all of which are Slavs, and Albanians, 77 00:05:33,125 --> 00:05:34,584 Hungarians and others. 78 00:05:34,751 --> 00:05:37,126 Their country was the result of a long fight 79 00:05:37,167 --> 00:05:38,334 to unite the people, 80 00:05:38,375 --> 00:05:41,500 to show the world what they can achieve if they work together, 81 00:05:41,542 --> 00:05:43,834 regardless of what happened in the past. 82 00:05:46,800 --> 00:05:54,560 MUSIC LEPA BRENA, ZIVELA YUGOSLAVIA 83 00:06:16,568 --> 00:06:19,001 Throughout history, this idea has been a thorn 84 00:06:19,042 --> 00:06:21,626 in the eye of many Empires and world powers. 85 00:06:21,717 --> 00:06:25,717 The idea was that the Southern Slavs would not remain weak, 86 00:06:25,751 --> 00:06:28,502 divided people falling out among themselves 87 00:06:28,542 --> 00:06:32,126 or falling prey to some imperialist outsider. 88 00:06:32,209 --> 00:06:34,793 Serbs lost their freedom after the Ottoman Turks 89 00:06:34,834 --> 00:06:37,543 attacked them in 1389 on the Field of Blackbirds, 90 00:06:37,626 --> 00:06:39,168 which is called Kosovo. 91 00:06:39,292 --> 00:06:41,709 With the Serbs, the loss of statehood 92 00:06:41,918 --> 00:06:44,335 that lasted several centuries, for instance, 93 00:06:44,626 --> 00:06:48,502 produced a strong anchorage in the myth of Kosovo. 94 00:06:48,542 --> 00:06:50,376 Journalists come to Serbia and say, 95 00:06:50,417 --> 00:06:52,459 Why are you Serbs so darn crazy 96 00:06:52,959 --> 00:06:55,501 that you celebrate a battle that you lost? 97 00:06:56,292 --> 00:06:58,459 When you talk about the Battle of Kosovo. 98 00:06:58,542 --> 00:07:01,434 And you always talk about a battle and how great it was, 99 00:07:01,459 --> 00:07:03,709 that you fought to the death but you lost? 100 00:07:03,792 --> 00:07:06,376 Aren’t you guys masochistic? 101 00:07:06,417 --> 00:07:08,335 Isn’t there something wrong with you? 102 00:07:08,417 --> 00:07:10,709 And I said, Ever heard of the Alamo? 103 00:07:10,918 --> 00:07:12,252 Remember the Alamo? 104 00:07:13,876 --> 00:07:15,835 Ever heard of Masada? 105 00:07:17,375 --> 00:07:20,709 In which the Jews defended to the death 106 00:07:20,751 --> 00:07:23,751 and then committed suicide, rather then to be captured. 107 00:07:23,876 --> 00:07:25,876 For standing up against the Turks, 108 00:07:25,918 --> 00:07:27,293 Serbs were persecuted 109 00:07:27,334 --> 00:07:29,893 and inventive torture devices were implemented. 110 00:07:29,918 --> 00:07:34,293 We lived under terrible persecution. 111 00:07:34,375 --> 00:07:35,792 We were whipped, 112 00:07:36,209 --> 00:07:37,459 we were lynched, 113 00:07:37,504 --> 00:07:41,297 except the manner in which we were lynched was by impalement. 114 00:07:42,792 --> 00:07:44,323 We were impaled. 115 00:07:44,344 --> 00:07:47,065 If you don’t know what impalement means, 116 00:07:47,097 --> 00:07:51,417 impalement means a sharpened stick is put up your anus, 117 00:07:52,311 --> 00:07:56,936 driven through your body and exits through your back 118 00:07:56,982 --> 00:08:00,807 without going through your vital organs. 119 00:08:01,250 --> 00:08:05,050 They were experts, Turkish Ottoman experts who did that. 120 00:08:05,073 --> 00:08:09,838 So you were impaled, like Christ was put on the cross, to suffer. 121 00:08:10,412 --> 00:08:13,121 There was, however, a way to avoid all this 122 00:08:13,167 --> 00:08:14,668 - Convert to Islam! 123 00:08:14,707 --> 00:08:17,432 And many did, many had no choice. 124 00:08:17,461 --> 00:08:20,159 This made a part of the Slavic population Muslim 125 00:08:20,172 --> 00:08:22,384 while the rest was Christian Orthodox. 126 00:08:22,409 --> 00:08:25,652 On the other hand, the State Religion of the Austrian Empire 127 00:08:25,677 --> 00:08:28,526 was Roman Catholic, with a large Croatian population 128 00:08:28,555 --> 00:08:30,422 greatly influenced by this. 129 00:08:30,463 --> 00:08:33,444 When the Austrians illegally took over Bosnia and it’s large 130 00:08:33,477 --> 00:08:36,475 Yugoslav population in 1908, the Yugoslav dream 131 00:08:36,500 --> 00:08:38,165 had never been more threatened. 132 00:08:38,190 --> 00:08:40,745 So, a group of Yugoslav nationalists, Young Bosnia 133 00:08:40,776 --> 00:08:43,159 which included Serbs, Muslims and Croats, 134 00:08:43,195 --> 00:08:45,395 decided that enough was enough. 135 00:08:45,560 --> 00:08:48,720 A young man, perhaps you’ve heard of him, Gavrilo Princip, 136 00:08:48,784 --> 00:08:52,462 shot and killed the Austrian archduke Ferdinand in Sarajevo. 137 00:08:54,200 --> 00:08:56,600 Afterwards he was quoted as saying 138 00:08:56,625 --> 00:08:59,698 I am a Yugoslav nationalist, aiming for the unification 139 00:08:59,711 --> 00:09:02,978 of all Yugoslavs, we must be free from Austria! 140 00:09:03,674 --> 00:09:06,508 Although the assassination of their archduke did kinda make 141 00:09:06,552 --> 00:09:09,206 make the Austrians mad and heck, now they had a reason to attack 142 00:09:09,221 --> 00:09:12,018 attack the last Slavic stronghold – Serbia. 143 00:09:12,057 --> 00:09:14,831 This was, however, not the real reason for the attack 144 00:09:14,856 --> 00:09:17,065 the Austrians and Germans had a plan to expand 145 00:09:17,090 --> 00:09:18,568 their Empire to the East. 146 00:09:18,605 --> 00:09:20,909 War was the only way they’d achieve this. 147 00:09:21,347 --> 00:09:24,639 CANNON FIRING 148 00:09:26,830 --> 00:09:29,037 During the early period of World War I. 149 00:09:29,080 --> 00:09:31,822 A bunch of Yugoslav politicians fled the Habsburg Empire 150 00:09:31,869 --> 00:09:33,910 and formed the Yugoslav Committee in London 151 00:09:33,954 --> 00:09:36,604 to raise funds and realize the Yugoslav dream. 152 00:09:36,623 --> 00:09:39,124 Towards the end of the war, the Committee met up in 153 00:09:39,168 --> 00:09:41,901 Corfu, Greece, with the Serbian government and declared 154 00:09:41,920 --> 00:09:45,379 that Serbs, Croats and Slovenes were ,the same by blood, 155 00:09:45,424 --> 00:09:49,133 by language, by the feelings of their unity, by the continuity 156 00:09:49,160 --> 00:09:52,560 and integrity of the territory which they inhabit undividedly, 157 00:09:52,626 --> 00:09:54,626 and by the common vital interests of their national 158 00:09:54,641 --> 00:09:57,350 survival and manifold development of their 159 00:09:57,394 --> 00:09:59,112 moral and material life... 160 00:09:59,152 --> 00:10:02,001 It was what the Austrians and Ottomans had feared 161 00:10:02,191 --> 00:10:04,174 The Old World Order was gone 162 00:10:04,318 --> 00:10:07,518 Yugoslavs finally got a country of their own! 163 00:10:09,573 --> 00:10:12,690 The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was, sadly, short lived, 164 00:10:12,701 --> 00:10:15,549 because another war was brewing soon, the likes of which 165 00:10:15,584 --> 00:10:18,543 the world has never seen. In hopes of keeping Yugoslavia out 166 00:10:18,568 --> 00:10:22,051 of the war, Yugoslav Prince Paul signed the Tripartite Treaty 167 00:10:22,085 --> 00:10:23,971 with Nazi Germany in 1941. 168 00:10:24,004 --> 00:10:26,171 But the British didn’t like this, so they encouraged 169 00:10:26,200 --> 00:10:29,120 a coup d’etat and mass rebellion against the pact. 170 00:10:29,176 --> 00:10:31,635 The British were happy, but now Hitler wasn’t. 171 00:10:31,678 --> 00:10:33,682 In fact, he was so angry that he wanted to wipe 172 00:10:33,722 --> 00:10:35,549 Yugoslavia off the map. 173 00:10:38,977 --> 00:10:41,577 Yugoslavia was attacked from all sides. 174 00:10:41,730 --> 00:10:45,022 Yugoslavia at that time was divided up into 12 pieces 175 00:10:45,067 --> 00:10:47,733 and some of it went to fascist Hungary, 176 00:10:47,778 --> 00:10:49,737 some of it went to fascist Italy. 177 00:10:49,780 --> 00:10:53,246 Macedonia went to the Bulgarians and the Albanians, 178 00:10:53,280 --> 00:10:57,720 and Serbia was occupied by the Wermacht and ruled by 179 00:10:58,593 --> 00:11:02,260 the Germans. Croatia and Bosnia were united into a 180 00:11:02,280 --> 00:11:05,560 Croatian fascist state under the Ustashe regime. 181 00:11:05,712 --> 00:11:08,463 This was called the Independent State of Croatia. 182 00:11:08,507 --> 00:11:12,532 The idea, of course, in 1941 was that Croatia would be a 183 00:11:12,553 --> 00:11:15,335 condominium for German power in the Balkans. 184 00:11:15,360 --> 00:11:17,938 The Croatian fascists were quick to start eradicating all 185 00:11:17,963 --> 00:11:20,104 non-Croatian elements elements in the state. 186 00:11:20,143 --> 00:11:21,546 You know what that meant? 187 00:11:21,562 --> 00:11:23,495 Serb hunting season started! 188 00:11:30,362 --> 00:11:33,612 Yes, Hitler’s final solution was applied here as well, 189 00:11:33,640 --> 00:11:36,560 and hundreds of thousands of Serbs but also Jews, Roma 190 00:11:36,618 --> 00:11:39,686 and others were killed, most of them at the 4th largest 191 00:11:39,720 --> 00:11:42,240 concentration camp in Europe, Jasenovac. 192 00:11:42,457 --> 00:11:46,666 A total number of 600,000 were killed at Jasenovac. 193 00:11:49,560 --> 00:11:52,840 The Croatian fascist regime, the Ustasha regime, 194 00:11:52,843 --> 00:11:55,803 had one aspect that was very distinctly different, 195 00:11:55,846 --> 00:11:58,733 and that was that it was a clerical fascist regime. 196 00:11:58,765 --> 00:12:03,100 It integrated into its political dictatorship 197 00:12:03,145 --> 00:12:04,842 the Catholic clergy. 198 00:12:04,855 --> 00:12:07,912 They were at the top of the government, 199 00:12:07,941 --> 00:12:11,592 in the leading councils of government, and they were also 200 00:12:11,612 --> 00:12:15,014 in the military and they were in the concentration camps. 201 00:12:15,032 --> 00:12:16,632 They were at Jasenovac. 202 00:12:16,658 --> 00:12:21,217 Some of the actual camp directors were priests. 203 00:12:21,876 --> 00:12:26,271 The Croatian inquisition, which took place in World War II, 204 00:12:26,293 --> 00:12:29,506 makes the Spanish inquisition just look like child’s play. 205 00:12:29,633 --> 00:12:34,010 Pope Pius supported this fascist regime, the top leadership of 206 00:12:34,120 --> 00:12:37,720 the Vatican was fully cognisant of what was going on there. 207 00:12:37,751 --> 00:12:40,669 On the other hand, Royalists loyal to the crown, 208 00:12:40,709 --> 00:12:42,792 called Chetniks, decided to act. 209 00:12:42,834 --> 00:12:45,626 The Chetniks were the resistance movement 210 00:12:45,667 --> 00:12:50,418 which even though proclaimed itself The Royal Yugoslav Army 211 00:12:50,959 --> 00:12:55,460 in the Fatherland was composed almost exclusively of the Serbs. 212 00:12:56,250 --> 00:12:59,500 However, after the bloody German reprisals in 213 00:12:59,542 --> 00:13:03,293 Serbia in the fall of 1941, the Chetniks 214 00:13:03,334 --> 00:13:07,626 realized that continuing resistance at any cost, when 215 00:13:07,667 --> 00:13:11,585 the Germans were killing 100 Serbs for a single dead German 216 00:13:11,626 --> 00:13:13,751 was self defeating and suicidal. 217 00:13:13,792 --> 00:13:15,959 This didn’t matter to the West though, 218 00:13:15,959 --> 00:13:18,334 they just wanted dead German bodies. 219 00:13:18,417 --> 00:13:21,209 So, all aid to the Chetniks was cut and shifted towards another 220 00:13:21,210 --> 00:13:24,043 group of fighters who managed to neutralize all other groups. 221 00:13:24,083 --> 00:13:26,417 The Yugoslav Partisans! 222 00:13:26,459 --> 00:13:30,126 The communists, made up of members of all ethnicities, 223 00:13:30,167 --> 00:13:32,166 were lead by a guy called Tito. 224 00:13:32,167 --> 00:13:35,126 In 1943, Tito declared the new Yugoslavia 225 00:13:35,167 --> 00:13:38,166 which was finally liberated two years later. 226 00:13:38,167 --> 00:13:40,709 Tito, if nothing else, was brilliant at playing 227 00:13:40,751 --> 00:13:42,918 political games with big powers for his own interest, 228 00:13:42,959 --> 00:13:44,793 which is just what Yugoslavia needed to gain 229 00:13:44,794 --> 00:13:47,459 complete independence. It’s important to say that Tito 230 00:13:47,501 --> 00:13:51,710 wasn’t just a leader, he was a brand, recognized in the world. 231 00:13:52,292 --> 00:13:57,251 MUSIC 232 00:13:58,468 --> 00:14:01,261 He was one of the founders of the Non-Aligned movement. 233 00:14:01,305 --> 00:14:03,025 And why were they so important? 234 00:14:03,056 --> 00:14:07,056 They were able to play a middle ground for the great powers 235 00:14:07,102 --> 00:14:10,986 that allowed the great powers to potentially talk to each other 236 00:14:11,023 --> 00:14:12,657 and discuss certain issues 237 00:14:12,709 --> 00:14:14,834 that could not be talked about openly. 238 00:14:14,876 --> 00:14:16,876 He hopes to perform the difficult feet 239 00:14:16,918 --> 00:14:18,851 of walking both sides of the street 240 00:14:18,876 --> 00:14:20,418 East and West! 241 00:14:22,125 --> 00:14:24,584 Tito’s strong arm kept the country together. 242 00:14:24,792 --> 00:14:27,209 When he died on May 4, 1980, 243 00:14:27,584 --> 00:14:29,667 many in Yugoslavia were crying… 244 00:14:29,959 --> 00:14:31,835 maybe not so much for him as much 245 00:14:31,918 --> 00:14:34,085 they were crying for Yugoslavia itself. 246 00:14:35,881 --> 00:14:38,494 MUSIC 247 00:14:39,792 --> 00:14:42,959 His funeral was the largest funeral for a statesman 248 00:14:43,042 --> 00:14:44,376 in recorded history. 249 00:14:46,698 --> 00:14:49,324 MUSIC 250 00:14:53,709 --> 00:14:55,543 Then things started to fall apart 251 00:14:55,584 --> 00:14:57,751 when Yugoslavia began to get into debt to 252 00:14:57,792 --> 00:15:00,017 international creditors shortly after Tito’s death. 253 00:15:00,042 --> 00:15:02,709 In 1984, while the eyes of the world were pointed at 254 00:15:02,792 --> 00:15:06,084 Sarajevo where the Winter Olympic Games were being held 255 00:15:06,125 --> 00:15:08,542 held the Reagan administration was specifically targeting 256 00:15:08,584 --> 00:15:10,626 the Yugoslav economy in a secret memo, 257 00:15:10,751 --> 00:15:14,085 National Security Decisions Directive 133, 258 00:15:14,334 --> 00:15:17,918 which stated that: U.S. policy will be to promote the trend 259 00:15:17,959 --> 00:15:20,460 toward a market-oriented Yugoslav economy. 260 00:15:20,667 --> 00:15:23,293 And it was in line with previous decisions directives 261 00:15:23,334 --> 00:15:26,793 which advocated expanded efforts to promote a quiet revolution 262 00:15:26,876 --> 00:15:29,418 to overthrow Communist governments and parties. 263 00:15:29,542 --> 00:15:33,584 It triggers a whole series of other initiatives, 264 00:15:33,667 --> 00:15:36,876 most of which are not published. 265 00:15:37,000 --> 00:15:40,250 The Decisions Directive simply states 266 00:15:40,667 --> 00:15:44,293 that what the US would want to achieve 267 00:15:44,417 --> 00:15:49,168 is that Yugoslavia ceases to be a market socialist economy 268 00:15:49,209 --> 00:15:51,751 and becomes a free market economy, modelled on the West. 269 00:15:51,792 --> 00:15:54,584 As the Soviet system was on its last legs in 1988, 270 00:15:54,626 --> 00:15:58,001 Washington wasted no time in sending advisers to Yugoslavia 271 00:15:58,042 --> 00:16:01,376 from a non-profit organization with a high-sounding name, 272 00:16:01,501 --> 00:16:04,085 the National Endowment for Democracy, 273 00:16:04,209 --> 00:16:05,251 or NED. 274 00:16:05,334 --> 00:16:07,626 Good morning and welcome. 275 00:16:08,375 --> 00:16:10,458 It’s good to have you all here to help 276 00:16:10,501 --> 00:16:13,543 celebrate the launching of a program with a vision and a 277 00:16:13,584 --> 00:16:15,251 and a noble purpose, 278 00:16:15,375 --> 00:16:17,709 the establishment of the National Endowment 279 00:16:17,959 --> 00:16:20,126 goes right to the heart of America’s faith in 280 00:16:20,167 --> 00:16:22,001 democratic ideals and institutions. 281 00:16:22,042 --> 00:16:25,209 However, Allen Weinstein, who planned the NED 282 00:16:25,292 --> 00:16:27,834 told the Washington Post in 1991 that: 283 00:16:27,959 --> 00:16:30,334 a lot of what we do today was done covertly 284 00:16:30,417 --> 00:16:32,584 25 years ago by the CIA. 285 00:16:32,627 --> 00:16:34,876 This basically means that the NED was really 286 00:16:34,920 --> 00:16:36,680 a sort of CIA spin-off. 287 00:16:36,709 --> 00:16:39,709 Instead of having just the CIA going behind the scenes 288 00:16:39,784 --> 00:16:43,784 and trying to manipulate the process by inserting money here 289 00:16:43,816 --> 00:16:45,564 and instructions there and so forth. 290 00:16:45,589 --> 00:16:47,417 They have, now, a sidekick 291 00:16:47,442 --> 00:16:50,854 – which is this National Endowment for Democracy. NED. 292 00:16:50,870 --> 00:16:54,393 Thus the NED started handing out generous bribes in every corner 293 00:16:54,418 --> 00:16:56,956 of Yugoslavia, financing opposition groups, 294 00:16:56,981 --> 00:16:59,018 buying up hungry young journalists with 295 00:16:59,043 --> 00:17:00,443 dreams of a new life, 296 00:17:00,468 --> 00:17:02,018 and financing trade union opposition, 297 00:17:02,040 --> 00:17:04,440 pro-IMF economists and human rights NGOs. 298 00:17:04,581 --> 00:17:07,132 The National Endowment for Democracy also controls 299 00:17:07,160 --> 00:17:09,280 and pays for the Center for International Private 300 00:17:09,321 --> 00:17:12,367 Enterprise which in turn funded the G-17. 301 00:17:12,703 --> 00:17:14,437 Who were the G-17? 302 00:17:14,820 --> 00:17:18,241 They were an NGO made up of 17 free market economists, 303 00:17:18,275 --> 00:17:19,843 with three of the leading members being 304 00:17:19,868 --> 00:17:22,273 Washington-based staff members of the International 305 00:17:22,280 --> 00:17:25,120 Monetary Fund and World Bank - Dusan Vujovic, 306 00:17:25,160 --> 00:17:27,680 Zeliko Bogetic and Branko Milanovic. 307 00:17:27,800 --> 00:17:30,000 G-17 coordinator Professor Veselin 308 00:17:30,040 --> 00:17:32,360 Vukotic worked closely with the World bank, 309 00:17:32,368 --> 00:17:34,375 and, as the Minister of Privatization 310 00:17:34,400 --> 00:17:36,640 under Yugoslav Premier Ante markovic, 311 00:17:36,657 --> 00:17:38,086 he was in charge of the World Bank 312 00:17:38,111 --> 00:17:40,203 bankruptcy program in Yugoslavia 313 00:17:40,228 --> 00:17:42,734 during 1989-1990, which led to the 314 00:17:42,759 --> 00:17:45,109 devastation of the Yugoslav economy. 315 00:17:45,141 --> 00:17:47,746 Other members of the G-17 consult for the 316 00:17:47,778 --> 00:17:50,442 World Bank and attend World Bank-organized meetings. 317 00:17:50,467 --> 00:17:53,043 In 2002, they formed a political party 318 00:17:53,068 --> 00:17:55,337 in Serbia, and since then, despite 319 00:17:55,362 --> 00:17:57,267 the fact that in every election they’ve 320 00:17:57,292 --> 00:17:59,829 gotten between 7% and 11% of the popular 321 00:17:59,854 --> 00:18:02,159 vote, G-17 controlled the Ministry of 322 00:18:02,184 --> 00:18:04,571 Finance and Ministry of Economy of Serbia. 323 00:18:04,619 --> 00:18:06,689 This is not simply a group of economists. 324 00:18:06,714 --> 00:18:09,837 It is a network. The IMF and World Bank 325 00:18:09,862 --> 00:18:12,556 use this network to impose their policies 326 00:18:12,581 --> 00:18:14,736 on Yugoslavia. And how do they do it? 327 00:18:14,761 --> 00:18:17,867 First, they force governments to do away with any 328 00:18:17,892 --> 00:18:20,453 social protections subsidized food or rent, free 329 00:18:20,478 --> 00:18:23,414 transportation, free medical care. You know, all 330 00:18:23,439 --> 00:18:25,399 those things you don’t really need. Out the window. 331 00:18:25,428 --> 00:18:27,740 You cut back public sector spending, you cut 332 00:18:27,765 --> 00:18:31,818 wages, you cut employment, you abolish worker 333 00:18:31,843 --> 00:18:34,350 management enterprise, in other words, you 334 00:18:34,375 --> 00:18:37,217 force your people to work harder for less. 335 00:18:37,225 --> 00:18:40,460 Second, they use economic manipulation and new laws to 336 00:18:40,485 --> 00:18:43,607 force businesses, public and private, into bankruptcy. 337 00:18:43,631 --> 00:18:46,370 The World Bank describes this mechanism 338 00:18:46,395 --> 00:18:50,690 as a trigger, as a trigger mechanism, they use that term. 339 00:18:51,170 --> 00:18:55,841 They say we need to trigger the bankruptcy of Yugoslav industry. 340 00:18:57,511 --> 00:19:00,307 Then these businesses are taken over by a small 341 00:19:00,332 --> 00:19:02,706 clique of leveraged buyout speculators and 342 00:19:02,731 --> 00:19:05,073 other powerful foreign economic interests. They 343 00:19:05,098 --> 00:19:07,190 purchase the businesses at rock bottom prices. 344 00:19:07,215 --> 00:19:10,498 Creditors could simply take hold of 345 00:19:10,523 --> 00:19:13,593 these enterprises within a 45 day 346 00:19:13,618 --> 00:19:16,667 period and either the enterprise had 347 00:19:16,692 --> 00:19:19,682 to close down or it was privatized. 348 00:19:19,691 --> 00:19:23,143 This is called Privatization through Liquidation 349 00:19:23,168 --> 00:19:25,167 World Bank data confirms that under 350 00:19:25,200 --> 00:19:27,800 Vukotic’s direction from January 1989 351 00:19:27,824 --> 00:19:30,125 to September 1990, more than 1100 352 00:19:30,150 --> 00:19:32,956 industrial firms were wiped out. 353 00:19:34,120 --> 00:19:36,682 The standard of living declined 18% between 354 00:19:36,707 --> 00:19:39,964 January and October 1990. This downturn 355 00:19:39,989 --> 00:19:42,322 raised unemployment to 20 percent and thus 356 00:19:42,347 --> 00:19:44,584 increased tensions between the republics. 357 00:19:44,609 --> 00:19:47,818 Impoverish the population through 358 00:19:47,843 --> 00:19:50,850 these sweeping IMF reforms, which 359 00:19:50,875 --> 00:19:53,693 in turn contributed to heightening 360 00:19:53,718 --> 00:19:55,873 social and ethnic strife. 361 00:19:55,936 --> 00:19:58,587 So you had dissatisfaction of everybody and 362 00:19:58,612 --> 00:20:00,960 everybody’s looking for a guilty party. 363 00:20:21,320 --> 00:20:24,000 In desperation, Prime Minister Markovic 364 00:20:24,008 --> 00:20:25,882 visited Washington to meet with President 365 00:20:25,920 --> 00:20:27,520 George H. Bush. He said that rising 366 00:20:27,539 --> 00:20:29,839 tensions among nationalities would 367 00:20:29,864 --> 00:20:32,160 be a consequence of his austerity privatization 368 00:20:32,185 --> 00:20:34,222 plan, so he asked for a billion 369 00:20:34,247 --> 00:20:36,277 dollars in aid, and said that, if aid 370 00:20:36,302 --> 00:20:38,277 didn’t come, there would be trouble. 371 00:20:38,637 --> 00:20:41,539 And we all know the Americans didn’t want any trouble. 372 00:20:41,564 --> 00:20:44,695 In November of 1990. President George Bush 373 00:20:44,727 --> 00:20:48,336 went to the U.S. Congress and pressured them to pass the 374 00:20:48,361 --> 00:20:52,031 Foreign Appropriations Law that called for the 375 00:20:52,056 --> 00:20:55,230 cutting off of all aid and credits to Yugoslavia. 376 00:20:55,255 --> 00:20:58,451 The law also demanded that if any republic 377 00:20:58,476 --> 00:21:02,685 in Yugoslavia wanted further U.S. aid, it would have to break 378 00:21:02,710 --> 00:21:06,716 away from Yugoslavia and declare its independence. OK? 379 00:21:06,741 --> 00:21:11,005 It’s not a conspiracy theory, it’s not my speculation, it’s 380 00:21:11,038 --> 00:21:14,974 not my analysis, it’s a public law! It’s a public law! 381 00:21:14,999 --> 00:21:18,387 It required the U.S. State Department approval of election 382 00:21:18,412 --> 00:21:22,769 procedures and results in every one of the republics! It 383 00:21:22,794 --> 00:21:25,996 required that the republics not hold national elections, 384 00:21:26,021 --> 00:21:29,746 but hold elections only in their own republics. And that 385 00:21:29,778 --> 00:21:33,146 the aid would only go individually to these republics, 386 00:21:33,171 --> 00:21:36,279 and when the aid did go, it went to those groups which the 387 00:21:36,304 --> 00:21:39,237 U.S. defined as democratic groups, which meant small, 388 00:21:39,249 --> 00:21:43,409 right-wing, ultra nationalist and even fascistic parties. 389 00:21:43,434 --> 00:21:48,041 This fracturing of Yugoslavia was not the 390 00:21:48,066 --> 00:21:51,127 result of pre-existing internal divisions. 391 00:21:51,152 --> 00:21:54,922 Those internal divisions were heightened 392 00:21:54,947 --> 00:21:58,624 as a result of an outside intervention. 393 00:21:58,649 --> 00:22:02,067 By 1991, the inflation was 200% and 394 00:22:02,092 --> 00:22:04,020 the Yugoslav federal government 395 00:22:04,045 --> 00:22:06,692 was unable to pay the enormous interest on its foreign debt 396 00:22:06,717 --> 00:22:08,567 or even to arrange the purchase of 397 00:22:08,592 --> 00:22:09,964 raw materials for its industry. 398 00:22:09,989 --> 00:22:11,815 Credit collapsed and recriminations 399 00:22:11,839 --> 00:22:13,628 broke out on all sides. 400 00:22:13,660 --> 00:22:15,995 Cooperation between the republics and the 401 00:22:16,020 --> 00:22:18,189 Belgrade central government virtually ceased. 402 00:22:18,214 --> 00:22:20,170 The republics were not getting any 403 00:22:20,195 --> 00:22:21,748 money from the federal government, 404 00:22:21,773 --> 00:22:24,134 they weren’t transferring any tax revenues, 405 00:22:24,159 --> 00:22:27,682 so the whole federal fiscal structure had collapsed and 406 00:22:27,690 --> 00:22:30,501 the republics were left to their own devices 407 00:22:30,651 --> 00:22:35,525 and then came in the new form of nationalism. 408 00:22:35,533 --> 00:22:37,667 As the Americans demanded, multi-party 409 00:22:37,692 --> 00:22:40,198 elections were held and economic policy was at 410 00:22:40,223 --> 00:22:42,511 the center of the political debate as nationalist 411 00:22:42,536 --> 00:22:45,061 and separatist coalitions ousted the 412 00:22:45,086 --> 00:22:47,343 Communists in Croatia, Bosnia and Slovenia. 413 00:22:47,368 --> 00:22:49,767 And with the republics at one another's' 414 00:22:49,792 --> 00:22:52,090 throats, both the economy and the nation 415 00:22:52,115 --> 00:22:55,270 itself embarked on a vicious downward spiral. 416 00:22:55,630 --> 00:22:58,098 Of course, the local political figures 417 00:22:58,123 --> 00:23:00,654 did their best to calm the people down. 418 00:23:14,840 --> 00:23:17,390 The people needed a hero to save them, someone 419 00:23:17,415 --> 00:23:19,898 with their interest at heart. Instead, 420 00:23:20,266 --> 00:23:21,609 they got these guys. 421 00:23:22,573 --> 00:23:24,917 In 1991, elections were held in the 422 00:23:24,960 --> 00:23:27,439 Bosnian republic of Yugoslavia. Alija 423 00:23:27,440 --> 00:23:29,840 Izetbegovic, a former Nazi collaborator in World 424 00:23:29,868 --> 00:23:32,642 War II, was a candidate who had an Islamic 425 00:23:32,667 --> 00:23:35,009 vision for the mainly Christian Bosnia, as 426 00:23:35,034 --> 00:23:36,876 professed in this little book he wrote, 427 00:23:36,885 --> 00:23:40,111 There can be neither peace nor coexistence between the Islamic 428 00:23:40,136 --> 00:23:43,322 religion and non-Islamic social and political institutions. 429 00:23:43,611 --> 00:23:45,245 Alija lost the elections to the moderate 430 00:23:45,280 --> 00:23:48,279 Muslim leader Fikret Abdic. Losing the elections 431 00:23:48,280 --> 00:23:50,480 didn’t stop our Alija though, so he madea a deal 432 00:23:50,487 --> 00:23:53,064 with Fikret, where Alija would be President, 433 00:23:53,089 --> 00:23:55,493 but would quit a year. So, faster than you can 434 00:23:55,518 --> 00:23:58,204 say Islamic Declaration, Alija made sure his 435 00:23:58,229 --> 00:24:01,001 Presidency was extended due to the crisis, as 436 00:24:01,026 --> 00:24:03,868 you can’t have a power struggle in such tragic times. 437 00:24:03,893 --> 00:24:06,579 In fact, there was a moment when Alija could’ve 438 00:24:06,604 --> 00:24:08,579 prevented the war, when he signed the Lisbon 439 00:24:08,604 --> 00:24:11,345 Agreement in 1992, which would’ve made Bosnia 440 00:24:11,370 --> 00:24:13,572 a confederation of three regions. Alija 441 00:24:13,597 --> 00:24:15,968 didn’t like this, he wanted all the power. 442 00:24:16,807 --> 00:24:19,101 Luckily for him, the Americans didn’t like this 443 00:24:19,126 --> 00:24:22,531 peace idea either. So, the American ambassador 444 00:24:22,556 --> 00:24:25,461 to Yugoslavia, Warren Zimmerman, stepped in. 445 00:24:25,486 --> 00:24:28,242 So, my cabinet was in this meeting 446 00:24:28,267 --> 00:24:30,047 with Zimmerman and Izetbegovic. 447 00:24:30,072 --> 00:24:32,038 Izetbegovic had just come back from 448 00:24:32,063 --> 00:24:34,468 Lisbon and Zimmerman says to him well, 449 00:24:34,743 --> 00:24:37,057 you know, you could get a lot more from 450 00:24:37,082 --> 00:24:39,893 U.S. recognition if you just waited. 451 00:24:41,090 --> 00:24:44,175 And my cabinet told me his jaw just hit the floor. 452 00:24:44,456 --> 00:24:46,723 If you don’t like it, why sign it? 453 00:24:47,402 --> 00:24:50,831 Alija took the American advice and withdrew his signature, 454 00:24:50,856 --> 00:24:54,073 fortified his power, and the Americans recognized it. 455 00:24:54,113 --> 00:24:56,978 Another guy who just loved his power was the 456 00:24:57,000 --> 00:24:59,280 one, the only, Slobodan Milosevic! Slobo, 457 00:24:59,323 --> 00:25:02,498 as the masses liked to call him, knew how 458 00:25:02,523 --> 00:25:04,889 to use those masses to get what he wanted. 459 00:25:09,404 --> 00:25:11,254 With a little luck and help from his close 460 00:25:11,279 --> 00:25:13,614 friend Ivan, the President of Serbia, he got 461 00:25:13,639 --> 00:25:16,411 sent to Kosovo in 1987 where Serbs felt threatened 462 00:25:16,436 --> 00:25:18,934 by the Albanians. During a scuffle with 463 00:25:18,959 --> 00:25:21,286 the police, one Serb asked Slobo why the police 464 00:25:21,311 --> 00:25:23,895 were beating them. Slobo then rightfully proclaimed 465 00:25:28,342 --> 00:25:30,756 He became an overnight star, as the protector 466 00:25:30,781 --> 00:25:33,475 of all Serbs! However, the incident with the 467 00:25:33,500 --> 00:25:36,279 police was fairly localized. This guy needed 468 00:25:36,304 --> 00:25:38,748 a bigger stage. So, because he was so thankful 469 00:25:38,773 --> 00:25:40,561 to his friend Ivan, he booted him from 470 00:25:40,586 --> 00:25:43,490 the Presidency. He also got him killed a decade later. 471 00:25:43,515 --> 00:25:45,428 You’d think that after Slobo became 472 00:25:45,453 --> 00:25:47,256 the new President of Serbia, he’d calm down, 473 00:25:47,281 --> 00:25:50,139 but no. He still needed a bigger stage, 474 00:25:50,163 --> 00:25:53,150 and what luck, a big anniversary was coming up. 475 00:25:55,394 --> 00:25:57,759 As Serbs were marking the 600th anniversary 476 00:25:57,784 --> 00:25:59,884 of the Battle of Kosovo, which is the crux 477 00:25:59,909 --> 00:26:02,275 of their historical culture, waving Serbian, 478 00:26:02,300 --> 00:26:04,782 Yugoslav, American and, wow, Canadian flags, 479 00:26:04,807 --> 00:26:07,454 singing patriotic songs, Slobo took the 480 00:26:07,479 --> 00:26:09,306 stage and what the West described as a 481 00:26:09,331 --> 00:26:12,845 nationalist call to arms, inflamed the audience! 482 00:26:42,800 --> 00:26:45,400 Alright, maybe it wasn’t that inflammatory, but at 483 00:26:45,437 --> 00:26:48,294 least the opera singers afterwards were pretty cool. 484 00:26:48,319 --> 00:26:51,154 OPERA SINGING 485 00:26:51,514 --> 00:26:53,961 But if you think this guy had high ambitions, 486 00:26:53,986 --> 00:26:56,639 what about a guy being compared to Jesus Christ? 487 00:27:19,472 --> 00:27:22,033 Holy *bleep*. The saviour of the Croatian 488 00:27:22,058 --> 00:27:25,495 people, Franjo Tudjman. No pressure, eh? 489 00:27:25,831 --> 00:27:27,598 Now, Franjo won the elections fair 490 00:27:27,623 --> 00:27:29,395 and square, but the people around 491 00:27:29,420 --> 00:27:30,957 him weren’t really good at hiding 492 00:27:30,982 --> 00:27:32,426 what was going to happen next. 493 00:27:34,600 --> 00:27:36,920 Even these guys aren’t buying it. Franjo’s 494 00:27:36,935 --> 00:27:39,840 government was quick to arm themselves, illegally. 495 00:27:42,887 --> 00:27:44,813 Yeah right, what about this? 496 00:27:47,989 --> 00:27:50,792 It seemed like war was the only option. Thankfully, 497 00:27:50,817 --> 00:27:54,223 there were many citizens who just said NO. 498 00:27:54,354 --> 00:27:59,267 All we are saying is give peace a chance 499 00:28:11,444 --> 00:28:14,075 MUSIC 500 00:28:15,218 --> 00:28:18,264 Yugoslavs stood a lot to lose if Yugoslavia broke up 501 00:28:18,289 --> 00:28:19,624 For 50 years, they grew 502 00:28:19,649 --> 00:28:21,655 up together, lived together, married 503 00:28:21,680 --> 00:28:23,187 each other and at the centre of all 504 00:28:23,209 --> 00:28:25,584 this was Bosnia, with a mixed population 505 00:28:25,585 --> 00:28:27,834 of Muslims, Serbs and Croats a 506 00:28:27,868 --> 00:28:30,023 sort of mini-Yugoslavia in itself. Massive 507 00:28:30,048 --> 00:28:31,882 anti-war rallies were held in its 508 00:28:31,907 --> 00:28:33,990 capital Sarajevo, which had the largest 509 00:28:34,015 --> 00:28:35,693 number of ethnically mixed marriages, 510 00:28:35,718 --> 00:28:37,677 with a message to the politicians: 511 00:28:37,702 --> 00:28:40,583 Don’t sacrifice peace for political ambition! 512 00:28:41,145 --> 00:28:42,682 But with little higher interest in 513 00:28:42,707 --> 00:28:44,479 keeping Yugoslavia together, the 514 00:28:44,504 --> 00:28:46,297 politicians decided to send a message 515 00:28:46,322 --> 00:28:47,972 of their own to the demonstrators. 516 00:28:48,503 --> 00:28:51,894 GUN SHOTS 517 00:28:52,910 --> 00:28:56,573 POLICE SIRENS 518 00:29:00,122 --> 00:29:02,417 Slovenia and Croatia were the first who 519 00:29:02,442 --> 00:29:04,894 decided that peaceful negotiations weren’t 520 00:29:04,919 --> 00:29:07,261 working out for them. So, they unilaterally 521 00:29:07,286 --> 00:29:08,977 declared independence in 1991. 522 00:29:16,761 --> 00:29:19,228 Bosnia followed in 1992. All of them 523 00:29:19,253 --> 00:29:21,652 were quickly recognized by the West. 524 00:29:21,707 --> 00:29:24,215 When the White House announced that we would 525 00:29:24,240 --> 00:29:27,036 be recognizing Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia, 526 00:29:27,794 --> 00:29:30,700 we at the State Department had no idea what 527 00:29:30,725 --> 00:29:32,872 that decision would be before it was announced, 528 00:29:32,897 --> 00:29:35,012 which is a very peculiar state of affairs. 529 00:29:35,415 --> 00:29:37,731 I was a desk officer, office director, 530 00:29:37,756 --> 00:29:39,419 nobody at the working level had any 531 00:29:39,444 --> 00:29:41,965 idea what the White House would decide. 532 00:29:42,602 --> 00:29:44,950 So, you can say just that the decision 533 00:29:45,098 --> 00:29:47,090 was a political one, it was not 534 00:29:47,295 --> 00:29:49,118 based on a careful consideration 535 00:29:49,125 --> 00:29:51,003 of what recognition might entail. 536 00:29:51,028 --> 00:29:53,833 It was, in essence, a dependable way of making conflict 537 00:29:53,858 --> 00:29:57,512 inevitable. The question was, would the people buy it? 538 00:29:58,000 --> 00:30:02,335 MUSIC 539 00:30:04,400 --> 00:30:08,280 Of course, as history has shown, there was one sure-fire way 540 00:30:08,318 --> 00:30:11,566 to mobilize public opinion in favour of a conflict and 541 00:30:11,591 --> 00:30:15,107 bring them back to the WWII mentality where all Serbs became 542 00:30:15,120 --> 00:30:19,240 Chetniks and all Croats Ustashe. Hardcore propaganda! 543 00:32:28,160 --> 00:32:28,920 Yup, 544 00:32:29,112 --> 00:32:31,445 they were pretty much all the same. 545 00:33:01,447 --> 00:33:03,846 There was no official military mobilization, 546 00:33:03,871 --> 00:33:05,822 it all worked on a voluntary basis. 547 00:33:12,385 --> 00:33:15,260 One man, though, who could make a difference, realized 548 00:33:15,285 --> 00:33:19,045 where this madness was heading. His name was JOSIP KIR. 549 00:33:41,487 --> 00:33:43,721 As rebel Serbs had put up road blocks to 550 00:33:43,746 --> 00:33:46,213 control passages towards Serb-populated areas, 551 00:33:46,238 --> 00:33:48,846 Josip Kir, who was a Croat, decided to 552 00:33:48,871 --> 00:33:51,518 resolve these issues in a peaceful manner. 553 00:34:19,096 --> 00:34:21,896 Kir was quickly becoming an obstacle to the aspirations 554 00:34:21,921 --> 00:34:25,049 of the Croatian HDZ and had to be taken out. 555 00:34:34,643 --> 00:34:38,549 Who ordered the assassination, however, remains unresolved. 556 00:34:46,878 --> 00:34:50,596 Yes, the war had started, best characterized by two words! 557 00:34:50,838 --> 00:34:53,372 Ethnic cleansing, ethnic cleansing... 558 00:34:56,409 --> 00:34:58,416 Ethnic cleansing. The term, however, 559 00:34:58,441 --> 00:35:00,166 was nothing new in the Balkans, as it 560 00:35:00,191 --> 00:35:02,713 was first used in WWII to describe how 561 00:35:02,738 --> 00:35:04,533 the Croatian Ustashe were cleansing 562 00:35:04,558 --> 00:35:06,877 Croatia of unwelcome ethnic elements 563 00:35:06,909 --> 00:35:09,400 such as Serbs and Jews. In the minds 564 00:35:09,425 --> 00:35:11,830 of Serbs during the 1990s, this was 565 00:35:11,855 --> 00:35:14,240 very much engraved in their national memory. 566 00:35:14,265 --> 00:35:16,072 Franjo didn’t care because he knew 567 00:35:16,097 --> 00:35:18,501 he had the support of just the right people. 568 00:35:18,533 --> 00:35:19,924 German Foreign Minister 569 00:35:19,960 --> 00:35:22,120 Hans-Dietrich Genscher, in almost daily 570 00:35:22,144 --> 00:35:24,118 contact with Zagreb, gave his go-ahead 571 00:35:24,143 --> 00:35:26,641 for Croatian secession and actually pressured 572 00:35:26,728 --> 00:35:29,922 its Western allies to recognize Slovenia and Croatia. 573 00:35:37,600 --> 00:35:40,360 The German Serbophobia it was geopolitical 574 00:35:40,400 --> 00:35:43,524 in the sense of 1914 and 1941. 575 00:35:44,259 --> 00:35:47,813 And that continuity also reflected itself in the almost 576 00:35:47,838 --> 00:35:51,219 visceral preference for the Croats and the Slovenes, 577 00:35:51,235 --> 00:35:54,375 who after all had belonged to the German cultural 578 00:35:54,400 --> 00:35:58,282 and state structures for hundreds of years. 579 00:35:58,845 --> 00:36:01,350 There was, however, one problem in this plan. 580 00:36:01,375 --> 00:36:02,921 The Serbs – who were now 581 00:36:02,946 --> 00:36:05,139 a constitutional people of Croatia! 582 00:36:05,164 --> 00:36:08,366 That pretty much meant that no decisions about Croatia 583 00:36:08,391 --> 00:36:10,218 could be made without the Serbs, while 584 00:36:10,243 --> 00:36:12,304 Serbs and Croats had an equal status. 585 00:36:12,329 --> 00:36:14,718 Now, Serbs were facing increasing 586 00:36:14,743 --> 00:36:17,257 discrimination by the Croatian government. 587 00:36:17,282 --> 00:36:20,514 A lot of people were killed outright and threatened. 588 00:36:20,539 --> 00:36:24,460 People lost their jobs. It wasn’t just 589 00:36:24,485 --> 00:36:28,819 Serbs, even say Croatians who’s married partner 590 00:36:28,844 --> 00:36:31,663 was Serbian faced similar discrimination. 591 00:36:31,717 --> 00:36:34,217 Franjo knew this all too well. So what 592 00:36:34,242 --> 00:36:36,741 did he do? He wrote a new Constitution. 593 00:36:36,949 --> 00:36:40,144 The constitution says that Croatia is a country of Croats. 594 00:36:40,169 --> 00:36:43,400 That’s automatic ethnic cleansing. Constitutional. 595 00:36:43,425 --> 00:36:46,411 By creating such a Croatian constitution, Franjo 596 00:36:46,436 --> 00:36:49,427 violated the Yugoslav constitution which he considered 597 00:36:49,452 --> 00:36:51,200 invalid, but he still wanted to keep the internal 598 00:36:51,225 --> 00:36:54,052 Yugoslav borders. The Serbs had a different idea. 599 00:36:57,543 --> 00:36:59,891 What the Croatian Serbs wanted was to have 600 00:36:59,916 --> 00:37:02,016 control over the lands they populated, 601 00:37:02,041 --> 00:37:03,930 their own self-government, their schools, 602 00:37:03,955 --> 00:37:05,860 a right to preserve their language, 603 00:37:05,885 --> 00:37:07,305 culture and national identity. 604 00:37:07,330 --> 00:37:08,759 The Croats really wanted the same, feeling 605 00:37:08,784 --> 00:37:11,040 threatened by what was now being described 606 00:37:11,054 --> 00:37:13,454 by Zagreb as the Serbo-Yugoslav giant. 607 00:37:13,479 --> 00:37:15,882 The Serbs thought, well, if Croats can 608 00:37:15,907 --> 00:37:18,202 separate from Yugoslavia, why can’t the Serbs 609 00:37:18,227 --> 00:37:20,296 separate from Croatia? After all, the same 610 00:37:20,321 --> 00:37:22,218 thing happened in America back during the civil war. 611 00:37:22,243 --> 00:37:23,952 When Virginia seceded from the U.S. 612 00:37:23,960 --> 00:37:25,960 the Northwestern part of the State 613 00:37:25,993 --> 00:37:28,077 seceded from Virginia to form West 614 00:37:28,102 --> 00:37:30,140 Virginia that was loyal to the Union. 615 00:37:30,187 --> 00:37:32,960 When I got there, when we inspected the 616 00:37:32,985 --> 00:37:34,852 lines these guys all told me their 617 00:37:34,877 --> 00:37:37,446 heroic stories of how they were just 618 00:37:37,471 --> 00:37:40,462 simple peasant Croats that had been, 619 00:37:40,480 --> 00:37:43,640 you know, patriots. And the JNA was 620 00:37:43,659 --> 00:37:46,440 this formidable fighting force they had 621 00:37:46,465 --> 00:37:48,213 overcome. All the weapons that they had, 622 00:37:48,238 --> 00:37:49,323 they said that they had to 623 00:37:49,355 --> 00:37:50,596 capture from the JNA. 624 00:37:51,612 --> 00:37:54,690 well , that might have worked on someone else. 625 00:37:55,558 --> 00:37:57,393 I looked around and I did my in-training, 626 00:37:57,418 --> 00:38:00,510 I mean, and I knew who made various Kalashnikovs. 627 00:38:00,535 --> 00:38:02,534 Every single one of the weapons carried 628 00:38:02,559 --> 00:38:04,276 by these guys, everything from machine guns 629 00:38:04,301 --> 00:38:06,261 to sniper reiffles, was all made in East Germany. 630 00:38:06,276 --> 00:38:08,221 Even though Croatia never officially admitted 631 00:38:08,253 --> 00:38:10,276 that Germany was arming them, they decided to 632 00:38:10,301 --> 00:38:13,123 thank the Germans with a song. In German, you 633 00:38:13,148 --> 00:38:16,185 know, so only the Germans would understand. 634 00:38:23,008 --> 00:38:25,695 If you follow that bouncing ball, just recently, just 635 00:38:25,720 --> 00:38:30,805 last summer, Croatia donated surplus, 4 or 5 thousand 636 00:38:31,837 --> 00:38:35,110 Kalashnikovs to the Afghan National Army. 637 00:38:35,135 --> 00:38:36,325 Those aren’t surplus, 638 00:38:36,350 --> 00:38:39,489 what they’re doing is hiding essentially a murder weapon 639 00:38:39,514 --> 00:38:42,052 The Serbs had more than enough weapons and they 640 00:38:42,077 --> 00:38:44,388 were too eager to crush the Croatian Army. 641 00:38:49,068 --> 00:38:51,349 LAUGHS 642 00:38:57,177 --> 00:38:59,872 The Croatian town of Vukovar was under siege for 643 00:38:59,897 --> 00:39:02,720 87 days, which later brought a phyric victory 644 00:39:02,760 --> 00:39:05,938 to the Serb forces. Why phyrric? Well, because 645 00:39:05,963 --> 00:39:08,461 they actually destroyed the entire city! 646 00:39:17,503 --> 00:39:20,675 A horrific example of how territory suddenly became 647 00:39:20,700 --> 00:39:23,667 more important than the people living on it. 648 00:39:25,847 --> 00:39:27,550 Even though they were brainwashed 649 00:39:27,575 --> 00:39:28,764 into thinking they were doing the 650 00:39:28,789 --> 00:39:30,110 right thing, some people woke up and 651 00:39:30,143 --> 00:39:31,392 realized what was really going on. 652 00:39:34,160 --> 00:39:36,960 Mialian Levar, a Croat who was determined to protect his 653 00:39:37,000 --> 00:39:39,840 town of Gospic from the Serbs, was among the first 654 00:39:39,893 --> 00:39:42,879 to join the newly established Croat Army, but quickly 655 00:39:42,904 --> 00:39:45,684 became disillusioned after an order he received. 656 00:40:43,311 --> 00:40:45,232 His fight brought him all the way to the 657 00:40:45,257 --> 00:40:47,920 International Criminal Court where he testified. 658 00:40:47,945 --> 00:40:51,459 After that, however, extreme elements in 659 00:40:51,484 --> 00:40:54,205 Croatia decided to silence Milan Levar. 660 00:41:43,855 --> 00:41:46,542 Instead of building peaceful and trusting relationships 661 00:41:46,560 --> 00:41:49,840 between the warning sides in Croatia, in 1992, the Pentagon 662 00:41:49,894 --> 00:41:53,471 was busy proclaiming its imperial hegemony over the world 663 00:41:53,499 --> 00:41:57,059 in its defense Planning Guide. According to the New York times. 664 00:41:57,084 --> 00:42:01,131 of 1992 this document asserts that the only possible course 665 00:42:01,156 --> 00:42:04,225 for the U.S. to pursue is complete world domination, 666 00:42:04,250 --> 00:42:07,373 and it adds that no other country has the right to aspire 667 00:42:07,398 --> 00:42:10,725 to the role of leadership, even as a regional power 668 00:42:10,896 --> 00:42:15,857 It simply looked upon itself now as the supreme power in a 669 00:42:15,882 --> 00:42:18,678 unipolar world and that they could 670 00:42:18,703 --> 00:42:20,645 do whatever they wanted to do. 671 00:42:20,670 --> 00:42:23,365 Yugoslavia had to be broken down. And there 672 00:42:23,390 --> 00:42:25,170 was no better symbol for Yugoslavia than it’s 673 00:42:25,195 --> 00:42:28,654 central republic of Bosnia. War erupted into the 674 00:42:28,679 --> 00:42:31,834 worst bloodbath in Europe since World War II. 675 00:42:31,934 --> 00:42:35,746 MUSIC 676 00:42:41,902 --> 00:42:45,910 Civil war. Civil war is the worst kind of war. 677 00:42:46,339 --> 00:42:48,910 It involves brother versus brother, 678 00:42:48,918 --> 00:42:52,252 family member versus family member and it 679 00:42:52,292 --> 00:42:54,459 is one of the ugliest kind of conflicts. 680 00:42:54,926 --> 00:42:57,012 MUSIC 681 00:42:59,869 --> 00:43:02,269 GUN FIRES 682 00:43:15,486 --> 00:43:17,681 The Serbs wanted to have control over lands mainly 683 00:43:17,706 --> 00:43:20,212 inhabited by Serbs, including lands that were 684 00:43:20,237 --> 00:43:22,620 of strategic importance to them, the Croats 685 00:43:22,645 --> 00:43:25,175 wanted the same for themselves, while the Bosnian 686 00:43:25,200 --> 00:43:27,720 Muslims, or Bosniaks as they’re called today, wanted 687 00:43:27,754 --> 00:43:30,003 it all. To achieve this, the Bosnian government, 688 00:43:30,040 --> 00:43:32,880 now increasingly representing the Bosniak 689 00:43:32,911 --> 00:43:35,519 voice, started getting help from the Americans. 690 00:43:36,058 --> 00:43:38,058 AIR CRAFT FLYING 691 00:43:38,880 --> 00:43:42,280 Secret flights started arriving at Tuzla 692 00:43:43,292 --> 00:43:46,228 The Americans started to approve the 693 00:43:46,253 --> 00:43:49,134 delivery of arms to the Bosnian Muslims. 694 00:43:49,767 --> 00:43:52,845 American President Clinton later admitted in a book that 695 00:43:52,870 --> 00:43:56,267 the Americans didn’t enforce the arms embargo. Heck, 696 00:43:56,292 --> 00:43:58,923 but that’s not all. Alija was also offered the help 697 00:43:58,960 --> 00:44:02,040 of hundreds of Mujahadeen! Come on, who can say no 698 00:44:02,065 --> 00:44:05,321 to these guys. Serbs, on the other hand, relied heavily 699 00:44:05,331 --> 00:44:08,064 on aid from Belgrade. As the Yugoslav Army was the 700 00:44:08,089 --> 00:44:11,157 fourth largest in Europe, the West moved to stop 701 00:44:11,182 --> 00:44:13,641 Belgrade from helping the Serbs in Bosnia. 702 00:44:13,666 --> 00:44:16,843 So, in May of 1992 sanctions were imposed on what 703 00:44:16,868 --> 00:44:20,070 was left of Yugoslavia - Serbia and Montenegro. 704 00:44:20,445 --> 00:44:23,148 By October 1993, 90 percent of Yugoslavia's 705 00:44:23,173 --> 00:44:26,212 domestic drugged production stopped. 706 00:44:26,405 --> 00:44:28,733 The average daily intake of calories had fallen 707 00:44:28,772 --> 00:44:32,147 by 28 percent compared to 1990 and 1.5 million 708 00:44:32,172 --> 00:44:35,108 people were classified as undernourished. 709 00:44:35,956 --> 00:44:39,217 Two months later, over 60 percent of Yugoslavia's 710 00:44:39,242 --> 00:44:41,764 work force was unemployed and the average 711 00:44:41,789 --> 00:44:45,701 monthly income had dropped from $500 to $15. 712 00:44:46,945 --> 00:44:49,850 The markets and stores were close to empty. 713 00:44:57,535 --> 00:45:00,725 As usual, sanctions merely hurt the 714 00:45:00,750 --> 00:45:04,293 people at the lowest run on the ladder. 715 00:45:04,745 --> 00:45:07,051 People at the top benefit from them. 716 00:45:07,076 --> 00:45:11,159 They forced the Serbs into what would happen anywhere, it was a 717 00:45:11,184 --> 00:45:13,808 criminal economy. The criminals 718 00:45:13,833 --> 00:45:16,644 became King, because we made it so. 719 00:45:16,675 --> 00:45:19,722 If you go to Belgrade now, what used to be the 720 00:45:19,747 --> 00:45:23,800 diplomatic areas are now all the thugs and goons that made 721 00:45:23,825 --> 00:45:26,629 tons of money from the war, on the black market, 722 00:45:26,654 --> 00:45:28,394 War profiteers?, Big time! 723 00:45:28,400 --> 00:45:30,720 Slobo’s government hijacked the country’s financial 724 00:45:30,760 --> 00:45:33,200 system, while Serbia’s citizens were dooped 725 00:45:33,240 --> 00:45:36,034 by several pyramid schemes, most notably by 726 00:45:36,040 --> 00:45:38,760 those of Dafina Milanovic and Jezda Vasiljevic. 727 00:46:05,393 --> 00:46:07,642 For themselves, of course. Because both Dafina 728 00:46:07,667 --> 00:46:09,205 and Jezda got the hell out 729 00:46:09,230 --> 00:46:11,041 of the country with the people money. 730 00:46:11,066 --> 00:46:12,908 The economic tragedy triggered by the 731 00:46:12,933 --> 00:46:14,666 sanctions was reaching it’s peek. 732 00:46:14,705 --> 00:46:17,728 The effect was quite severe. Especially in 1993, 733 00:46:17,753 --> 00:46:21,072 actually, the inflation rate in Yugoslavia was the 734 00:46:21,097 --> 00:46:23,197 highest in recorded history. 735 00:46:23,244 --> 00:46:25,087 As I recall, it was something like 736 00:46:25,119 --> 00:46:28,735 1.8 billion percent inflation rate. 737 00:46:28,994 --> 00:46:32,494 They even printed a 500 billion dinar note. 738 00:46:32,952 --> 00:46:35,266 The lawlessness was intensifying 739 00:46:35,280 --> 00:46:36,840 and the Mafia was taking control. 740 00:46:36,865 --> 00:46:38,793 In spite of the catastrophe around them, 741 00:46:38,822 --> 00:46:40,672 the Serbs would not heel to the will 742 00:46:40,697 --> 00:46:42,953 of the West, so one man decided to use 743 00:46:42,978 --> 00:46:45,041 this opportunity to save an organization 744 00:46:45,137 --> 00:46:46,931 that no longer had a purpose. 745 00:46:46,956 --> 00:46:49,061 The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, or 746 00:46:49,086 --> 00:46:51,069 NATO, was a system of collective defense 747 00:46:51,094 --> 00:46:53,581 whereby its member states agree to 748 00:46:53,606 --> 00:46:55,354 mutual defense in response to an attack 749 00:46:55,379 --> 00:46:58,182 by any external party, founded in 1949. 750 00:46:58,643 --> 00:47:00,793 The purpose, really, became to protect 751 00:47:00,818 --> 00:47:03,427 the West from the Soviets, a counter-balance 752 00:47:03,452 --> 00:47:04,910 to the later formed Warsaw Pact. 753 00:47:04,935 --> 00:47:09,653 President Eisenhower saw NATO as a defensive 754 00:47:10,735 --> 00:47:14,027 Alliance that eventually the Europeans would 755 00:47:14,052 --> 00:47:17,719 take over. Instead, the US has turned it into 756 00:47:17,744 --> 00:47:21,489 an instrument of power and Eastward expansion. 757 00:47:21,786 --> 00:47:24,186 But then the Soviet Union went bust. 758 00:47:24,372 --> 00:47:28,376 The US explicitly broke the agreement 759 00:47:28,619 --> 00:47:32,110 that was made with Gorbachev about 760 00:47:32,120 --> 00:47:35,360 not surrounding Russia with hostile 761 00:47:35,416 --> 00:47:38,430 militarily armed states. 762 00:47:38,998 --> 00:47:41,880 The colonization of Serbia is the bottom or 763 00:47:41,914 --> 00:47:45,881 or second step on the staircase to Russia. 764 00:47:47,526 --> 00:47:51,078 We must be colonized because NATO learned 765 00:47:51,109 --> 00:47:53,994 Hitler’s lesson, Don’t have a two-front war 766 00:47:54,019 --> 00:47:55,691 when you’re attacking the Russians, 767 00:47:55,716 --> 00:47:58,410 you have to neutralize Yugoslavia the way Hitler did. 768 00:47:58,435 --> 00:48:01,706 But to do that, you’d need to create a case where you had to 769 00:48:01,731 --> 00:48:03,918 intervene against an enemy in Yugoslavia. 770 00:48:04,320 --> 00:48:06,080 Enter Joe Biden. 771 00:48:06,286 --> 00:48:10,941 We face a blatant act of Serbian expansionism and aggression 772 00:48:11,116 --> 00:48:14,129 This is no more a civil war than Germany, Austria 773 00:48:14,154 --> 00:48:18,370 and Czechoslovakia had civil wars in the 1930s. This, 774 00:48:18,395 --> 00:48:22,973 as then in my view, is fascist thuggery on the march! 775 00:48:24,223 --> 00:48:25,418 He was calling 776 00:48:25,520 --> 00:48:28,801 Serbs horrific names and at the same time 777 00:48:28,826 --> 00:48:31,840 he had a very influential position on the Foreign 778 00:48:31,865 --> 00:48:33,918 Relations Committee of the Senate. 779 00:48:33,943 --> 00:48:35,536 Biden was also emphasizing the 780 00:48:35,560 --> 00:48:38,019 importance of a new role for NATO, as 781 00:48:38,044 --> 00:48:40,082 seen in February of 1994 at the 782 00:48:40,107 --> 00:48:42,402 Senate hearing on the future of NATO. 783 00:48:42,427 --> 00:48:44,559 Last month, while the allies reassured 784 00:48:44,584 --> 00:48:47,066 themselves in Brussels that NATO remains at the 785 00:48:47,091 --> 00:48:49,730 bedrock of European security, crimes of a 786 00:48:49,755 --> 00:48:51,996 kind that were tried at Nuremberg a half a 787 00:48:52,028 --> 00:48:55,230 century ago continued unabated in Bosnia. 788 00:48:56,050 --> 00:48:58,645 Without a common enemy to unite us, 789 00:49:01,036 --> 00:49:03,701 we may find that our conceptions of what constitutes 790 00:49:03,726 --> 00:49:06,505 national interest may very well divide us 791 00:49:08,069 --> 00:49:10,935 He found the common enemy in the Serbian people, 792 00:49:11,080 --> 00:49:13,480 who were already previously demonized by US 793 00:49:13,499 --> 00:49:16,201 Public Relation firms such as Ruder and Finn, hired 794 00:49:16,226 --> 00:49:18,709 by various separatist groups from Yugoslavia. 795 00:49:18,734 --> 00:49:21,771 They not only demonized the Serbian leadership, 796 00:49:21,796 --> 00:49:24,966 they demonized the Serbian people. 797 00:49:26,382 --> 00:49:28,507 The problem for the Serbs was that they 798 00:49:28,532 --> 00:49:31,085 were a little slow off the mark. They did 799 00:49:31,110 --> 00:49:33,116 not understand what was being done to 800 00:49:33,141 --> 00:49:36,148 them, and by the time they did, the whole 801 00:49:36,173 --> 00:49:39,741 Balkan region had collapsed into a state 802 00:49:39,766 --> 00:49:42,093 of conflict, in which the Serbs were 803 00:49:42,118 --> 00:49:45,937 made out, clearly, from propaganda at the 804 00:49:45,962 --> 00:49:48,444 time, to be the enemy of everybody else 805 00:49:48,468 --> 00:49:51,603 Thus, the US quickly set out to act against the Serbs, 806 00:49:51,628 --> 00:49:55,804 stirring up a storm in Croatia. Operation Storm, that is. 807 00:49:55,945 --> 00:49:58,157 They came up with a plan where the 808 00:49:58,200 --> 00:50:01,680 Croatian Army would launch an attack down into the Krajina 809 00:50:01,837 --> 00:50:05,305 and occupy the area that was 810 00:50:05,400 --> 00:50:08,837 manned by the Serbian minority 811 00:50:09,183 --> 00:50:11,971 that had been there for 4 or 5 centuries, 812 00:50:12,484 --> 00:50:14,643 but it was declared that they 813 00:50:14,675 --> 00:50:16,940 were much too radical to permit to 814 00:50:16,965 --> 00:50:19,393 continue within the borders of Croatia. 815 00:50:19,600 --> 00:50:21,920 And at a meeting on the Brijuni islands, 816 00:50:21,949 --> 00:50:24,385 Franjo gave his go-ahead to general Ante 817 00:50:24,400 --> 00:50:26,800 Gotovina for the single largest act of 818 00:50:26,824 --> 00:50:29,198 ethnic cleansing during the Yugoslav wars, 819 00:50:55,058 --> 00:50:58,799 An operation that lasted 84 hours in August of 1995, 820 00:50:59,009 --> 00:51:01,315 resulted in the death of around 2,000, and 821 00:51:01,340 --> 00:51:04,416 a quarter of a million ethnically cleansed Serbs. 822 00:51:04,735 --> 00:51:07,143 Slobo and his generals, the protectors 823 00:51:07,168 --> 00:51:09,307 of all Serbs, had abandoned them. 824 00:51:16,331 --> 00:51:19,729 Operation Storm was an American inspired, 825 00:51:20,284 --> 00:51:22,987 by some of my colleagues, because.. 826 00:51:23,012 --> 00:51:25,268 the people that were advising the Croatian Army. 827 00:51:25,299 --> 00:51:27,580 were retired American general officers 828 00:51:28,663 --> 00:51:31,784 and who operated just outside of Beltway in Washington. 829 00:51:32,112 --> 00:51:33,579 Franjo was very happy. 830 00:51:39,503 --> 00:51:42,164 With the Serbs gone from Croatia, 831 00:51:42,200 --> 00:51:44,880 the Americans moved on to Bosina. 832 00:51:45,250 --> 00:51:47,479 Simply pushing out the Serbs from there 833 00:51:47,504 --> 00:51:50,830 was not so easy, so a different strategy was implemented. 834 00:51:50,855 --> 00:51:53,245 Presenting the conflict in Bosnia as a civil war, 835 00:51:53,270 --> 00:51:56,003 which it was, instead of a war of Serbian aggression, 836 00:51:56,028 --> 00:51:57,878 meant that the Western public would be 837 00:51:57,925 --> 00:52:00,214 confused, and the water would be muddied. 838 00:52:00,239 --> 00:52:02,790 To intervene, the Americans needed to make 839 00:52:02,815 --> 00:52:05,246 clear who they had to intervene against. 840 00:52:05,264 --> 00:52:07,731 The Serbs started the war. 841 00:52:08,607 --> 00:52:11,495 The Serbs are the original cause of the war. 842 00:52:11,964 --> 00:52:14,558 They are the complete aggressors and wrongdoers 843 00:52:14,589 --> 00:52:17,776 NATO was used to militarily continue the colonization 844 00:52:17,801 --> 00:52:20,206 process, but Clinton knew it had to be somehow 845 00:52:20,231 --> 00:52:21,776 justified to the wider public. 846 00:52:22,221 --> 00:52:24,362 Perhaps the best example of what we’re 847 00:52:24,400 --> 00:52:26,400 talking about here is Srebrenica. 848 00:52:27,293 --> 00:52:29,657 Srebrenica, a village in Bosnia, was 849 00:52:29,682 --> 00:52:31,907 declared a UN safe zone for Bosniaks 850 00:52:31,918 --> 00:52:34,918 seeking refuge, but was never really dmilitarized, 851 00:52:35,209 --> 00:52:36,918 which allowed Bosniak forces to 852 00:52:36,960 --> 00:52:38,960 attack neighbouring Serb villages. 853 00:52:39,000 --> 00:52:42,640 Serb commander Ratko Mladic overran Srebrenica, with 854 00:52:42,672 --> 00:52:44,217 thousands of Muslims killed 855 00:52:44,242 --> 00:52:45,506 and ethnically cleansed. 856 00:52:45,530 --> 00:52:47,638 What happened in Srebrenica was a 857 00:52:47,663 --> 00:52:50,189 stage managed fall of the enclave 858 00:52:50,229 --> 00:52:54,794 to the Serbian forces, which never expected to conquer it. 859 00:52:54,990 --> 00:52:57,020 The United Nations declared that this 860 00:52:57,045 --> 00:52:59,638 was genocide, even though UN observer 861 00:52:59,663 --> 00:53:01,703 Philip Corwin estimated that the number 862 00:53:01,716 --> 00:53:03,214 of killed Muslims in Srebrenica was 863 00:53:03,239 --> 00:53:05,330 no larger than the number of Serbs killed 864 00:53:05,355 --> 00:53:06,947 in villages around Srebrenica. 865 00:53:06,972 --> 00:53:09,473 But that didn’t matter, Srebrenica was 866 00:53:09,498 --> 00:53:11,869 to be used for a much greater agenda 867 00:53:12,315 --> 00:53:16,188 There are trustworthy witnesses on the Muslim side who claim 868 00:53:16,213 --> 00:53:20,289 that Alija Izetbegovic told them that Bill Clinton had 869 00:53:20,314 --> 00:53:23,922 indicated to him, Izetbegovic, that 5,000 dead Muslims would 870 00:53:23,947 --> 00:53:26,445 be the price of NATO intervention 871 00:53:26,470 --> 00:53:28,500 on the Bosnian Muslim side. 872 00:53:28,525 --> 00:53:31,516 They believe that Srebrenica was deliberately sacrificed by 873 00:53:31,541 --> 00:53:35,906 Izetbegovic in order to provide this burnt offering 874 00:53:36,224 --> 00:53:38,136 to the White House that would be 875 00:53:38,161 --> 00:53:40,253 the justification for intervention 876 00:53:40,280 --> 00:53:43,280 and indeed, the proof of the pudding is in the eating 877 00:53:43,309 --> 00:53:45,909 The Bosniak government had no choice. 878 00:53:45,920 --> 00:53:48,880 Mr Silajdzic, speaking for his government said, 879 00:53:49,051 --> 00:53:52,816 We have no choice and our Presidency had no choice but to 880 00:53:52,841 --> 00:53:54,769 appeal for a military intervention 881 00:53:54,794 --> 00:53:56,213 in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 882 00:53:56,230 --> 00:53:59,659 You can not go this alone, the American public will 883 00:53:59,683 --> 00:54:02,369 not tolerate it, the Alliance can not stand it. 884 00:54:02,652 --> 00:54:05,495 AIR CRAFT FLYING 885 00:54:06,449 --> 00:54:08,097 And intervention ensued. 886 00:54:08,222 --> 00:54:12,031 EXPLOSION 887 00:54:12,972 --> 00:54:15,114 Here was NATO, an organization formed 888 00:54:15,139 --> 00:54:16,707 for the sole purpose of defense of its 889 00:54:16,732 --> 00:54:19,598 member states, attacking a country that 890 00:54:19,623 --> 00:54:22,637 has not attacked or threatened any of its member state. 891 00:54:22,662 --> 00:54:23,903 Lewis Mackenzie, who was the 892 00:54:23,928 --> 00:54:25,996 Major General of the UN Army in charge 893 00:54:26,021 --> 00:54:27,950 of Sector Sarajevo, tried to warn the 894 00:54:27,975 --> 00:54:30,403 Americans of what they were embarking upon. 895 00:54:30,428 --> 00:54:34,020 I appeared in front of Congress and they asked me my opinion. 896 00:54:34,045 --> 00:54:36,715 And I said, Start training your grandchildren 897 00:54:36,740 --> 00:54:38,739 to be peacekeepers in Bosnia, 898 00:54:38,755 --> 00:54:41,012 because you’re going to be there for generations. 899 00:54:41,044 --> 00:54:42,730 And a lot of them are still there. 900 00:54:42,755 --> 00:54:44,536 As heavily-armed US and NATO 901 00:54:44,561 --> 00:54:46,465 troops enforced the peace in Bosnia, 902 00:54:46,490 --> 00:54:48,795 the press and politicians alike portrayed 903 00:54:48,820 --> 00:54:52,387 Western intervention in the former Yugoslavia as a noble, 904 00:54:52,412 --> 00:54:55,239 if agonizingly belated, response to an outbreak 905 00:54:55,264 --> 00:54:58,301 of ethnic massacres and human rights violations. 906 00:54:58,356 --> 00:55:00,911 A lot of the so-called liberal or 907 00:55:00,936 --> 00:55:04,223 left-wing or progressive media were 908 00:55:04,240 --> 00:55:06,680 themselves cooped by the mainstream 909 00:55:06,730 --> 00:55:08,920 viewpoint regarding the Balkans. 910 00:55:08,945 --> 00:55:11,026 In other words, they had bought into 911 00:55:11,051 --> 00:55:13,526 this paradigm that was presented to them 912 00:55:13,551 --> 00:55:16,604 by the arms of the Government of the 913 00:55:16,629 --> 00:55:19,737 United States and of the EU powers. 914 00:55:19,964 --> 00:55:24,553 Only the journalists who towed the line and found new ways 915 00:55:25,193 --> 00:55:27,230 to attack the Serbs, other than the 916 00:55:27,255 --> 00:55:29,405 ones their editors sent them to tell, 917 00:55:29,623 --> 00:55:31,654 other than the stories that were pre-written 918 00:55:31,752 --> 00:55:34,896 before they came to the Balkans those guys excelled. 919 00:55:34,921 --> 00:55:37,060 Of course, the bombing campaign forced 920 00:55:37,085 --> 00:55:38,856 the Bosnian Serbs to surrender. 921 00:55:38,881 --> 00:55:41,729 At the peace accord signing, which internally divided Bosina 922 00:55:41,754 --> 00:55:45,048 into a Serb entity and a Muslim Croat entity, all those 923 00:55:45,073 --> 00:55:48,486 responsible for intensifying the war were praising peace. 924 00:55:49,960 --> 00:55:52,559 This is the village of Vrhbarje, near 925 00:55:52,560 --> 00:55:56,520 Sokolac in Bosnia, inhabited mainly by Serbs and Muslims. 926 00:55:57,252 --> 00:55:59,634 After the imposed Dayton peace accords, 927 00:55:59,720 --> 00:56:02,681 the villagers were aware of what this meant to them, 928 00:56:02,706 --> 00:56:05,517 and as the town became a part of the Serb entity, 929 00:56:05,542 --> 00:56:09,454 Muslims decided to collectively leave to their own entity. 930 00:57:25,196 --> 00:57:27,036 This video footage has never been 931 00:57:27,061 --> 00:57:29,739 shown anywhere before. It just didn’t 932 00:57:29,764 --> 00:57:31,645 fit the image the Western media had 933 00:57:31,670 --> 00:57:34,044 tried to hard to project, the tidy 934 00:57:34,069 --> 00:57:36,012 melodrama of the evil Serbs destroying 935 00:57:36,037 --> 00:57:37,848 everything non-Serb in sight. 936 00:57:38,249 --> 00:57:39,708 Do you think this would mobilize 937 00:57:39,733 --> 00:57:42,005 Western public opinion to intervene? 938 00:58:05,884 --> 00:58:06,634 What? 939 00:58:06,884 --> 00:58:09,540 Serbs not behaving like genocidal maniacs? 940 00:58:20,533 --> 00:58:21,800 Human beings? 941 00:58:22,039 --> 00:58:22,789 Them? 942 00:58:32,840 --> 00:58:36,760 MUSIC 943 00:59:03,444 --> 00:59:06,084 Human compassion was something that was completely. 944 00:59:06,120 --> 00:59:09,439 normal to a young Serbian man from Trebinje in Herzgovina 945 00:59:09,440 --> 00:59:11,520 called Srkdjan Aleksic 946 00:59:11,640 --> 00:59:14,520 Srdjan’s father recalled how his son noticed that the 947 00:59:14,562 --> 00:59:17,849 Serb police were arresting a man on an ethnic basis. 948 01:00:40,538 --> 01:00:43,239 This is one among many stories of true heroism 949 01:00:43,265 --> 01:00:45,563 that never made it to the Western media. 950 01:00:45,975 --> 01:00:48,873 The West was more focused on escalating the conflict so they 951 01:00:48,898 --> 01:00:50,889 could have the excuse for jumping 952 01:00:50,914 --> 01:00:52,374 in for their own interests. 953 01:00:52,406 --> 01:00:54,719 As the world celebrated peace in Bosnia 954 01:00:54,744 --> 01:00:57,188 international financial institutions were busily 955 01:00:57,213 --> 01:00:59,480 collecting former Yugoslavia's external debt 956 01:00:59,505 --> 01:01:02,253 from its remnant states, while transforming the 957 01:01:02,278 --> 01:01:05,025 Balkans into a safe-haven for free enterprise. 958 01:01:05,264 --> 01:01:08,705 In late 1995, the West unveiled a reconstruction 959 01:01:08,730 --> 01:01:11,775 program that stripped Bosnia of sovereignty to a 960 01:01:11,800 --> 01:01:15,408 degree not seen in Europe since the end of World War II. 961 01:01:15,448 --> 01:01:17,353 It was pure colonialism, 962 01:01:17,377 --> 01:01:19,291 consisted largely of making Bosnia 963 01:01:19,316 --> 01:01:22,021 a divided territory under NATO military 964 01:01:22,046 --> 01:01:24,682 occupation and foreign administration. 965 01:01:24,707 --> 01:01:27,463 This pattern of intervention was so successful, 966 01:01:27,488 --> 01:01:30,869 that the West just had to replicate it in Kosovo. 967 01:01:30,932 --> 01:01:32,932 I think that the region is important 968 01:01:32,960 --> 01:01:35,160 in geostrategic terms. They saw Kosovo 969 01:01:35,527 --> 01:01:38,696 as a very potential country to actually 970 01:01:38,721 --> 01:01:41,651 secure their presence in the region. 971 01:01:41,674 --> 01:01:43,643 But the West underestimated the importance 972 01:01:43,668 --> 01:01:45,955 that Kosovo has to the Serbian people. 973 01:01:46,202 --> 01:01:48,943 SIRENS 974 01:01:50,846 --> 01:01:53,699 My fellow Americans, today our armed 975 01:01:53,724 --> 01:01:55,800 forces joined our NATO allies in air 976 01:01:55,840 --> 01:01:57,961 strikes against Serbian forces 977 01:01:57,986 --> 01:02:00,182 responsible for the brutality in Kosovo. 978 01:02:00,200 --> 01:02:03,600 On March 24, 1999, on the order of Javier 979 01:02:03,640 --> 01:02:06,000 Solana, in an act of pure aggression, 980 01:02:06,645 --> 01:02:09,863 NATO had violated international law and the UN 981 01:02:09,888 --> 01:02:13,496 charter by launching an air assault on Yugoslavia. 982 01:02:13,535 --> 01:02:15,913 The people of Yugoslavia, however, decided 983 01:02:15,938 --> 01:02:18,452 to show their true spirit, by going outside, 984 01:02:18,477 --> 01:02:20,866 singing songs and having fun on their bridges 985 01:02:20,891 --> 01:02:22,616 in spite of the catastrophe around them. 986 01:02:54,375 --> 01:02:56,293 We thought the Serbs should last 5 987 01:02:56,294 --> 01:02:58,375 days under the bombing and then 988 01:02:58,542 --> 01:03:00,917 No one expected them to run on the bridges, 989 01:03:00,959 --> 01:03:03,042 put on target T-shirts 990 01:03:03,417 --> 01:03:05,043 The declared mission was to stop the 991 01:03:05,083 --> 01:03:07,333 violence in Kosovo and topple Slobo. 992 01:03:07,459 --> 01:03:09,918 Yugoslavia had the opposite affect, as 993 01:03:09,918 --> 01:03:12,460 the conflict in Kosovo only intensified, 994 01:03:12,626 --> 01:03:15,043 and the public rallied behind Slobo. 995 01:03:15,083 --> 01:03:17,042 The reality of the war, however, 996 01:03:17,125 --> 01:03:18,667 was far too gruesome. 997 01:03:18,751 --> 01:03:23,252 Schools, hospitals, bridges, TV stations, 998 01:03:23,667 --> 01:03:26,126 and even foreign embassies, were all 999 01:03:26,167 --> 01:03:28,501 legitimate military targets for NATO. 1000 01:03:28,542 --> 01:03:30,751 The things that they bombed, I mean, the power grid. 1001 01:03:30,792 --> 01:03:33,334 Night after night they would hit the power grid, 1002 01:03:33,335 --> 01:03:35,793 knock it out so that they couldn’t pump water and, 1003 01:03:35,852 --> 01:03:38,139 you know , the bakeries couldn’t fire up in Belgrade. 1004 01:03:38,171 --> 01:03:41,038 So denying millions of people access to daily bread and water. 1005 01:03:41,054 --> 01:03:44,061 How does that affect the counter insurgency efforts of 1006 01:03:44,086 --> 01:03:46,468 the Serbian security forces in the province of Kosovo? 1007 01:03:46,492 --> 01:03:48,952 These were attacks on the Serbian people. 1008 01:03:48,984 --> 01:03:53,343 When civilians die, they call them collateral damage. 1009 01:03:55,296 --> 01:03:57,430 That’s what makes you feel bad, 1010 01:03:57,455 --> 01:04:00,178 because they’re humans, you know, they have their 1011 01:04:00,203 --> 01:04:02,882 names and they’re everything for their families. 1012 01:04:02,907 --> 01:04:05,927 But, for the rest of the world, they’re just collateral damage. 1013 01:04:05,960 --> 01:04:09,200 They hit the cigarette factory in Nis three times. 1014 01:04:09,823 --> 01:04:12,577 And it ended up being purchased by Phillip Morris. 1015 01:04:12,656 --> 01:04:15,068 Well if I walk into a supermarket with a 1016 01:04:15,092 --> 01:04:17,475 hammer and start smashing stuff and then say 1017 01:04:17,480 --> 01:04:20,480 look, I’ll pay you a pittens for the remains, 1018 01:04:20,760 --> 01:04:22,560 I’m a Viking and a vandal. 1019 01:04:22,687 --> 01:04:25,920 Apparently the cigarettes made in Nis were also killing 1020 01:04:25,945 --> 01:04:28,991 Albanians in Kosovo, so they needed to be taken out. 1021 01:04:29,085 --> 01:04:31,272 Obviously Phillip Morris had an issue 1022 01:04:31,297 --> 01:04:32,905 with the cigarette factory in Nis, 1023 01:04:32,930 --> 01:04:34,412 it was one of their main competitors 1024 01:04:34,437 --> 01:04:35,671 in the European market. 1025 01:04:35,702 --> 01:04:37,218 The real purpose of the war was to 1026 01:04:37,243 --> 01:04:38,819 economically colonise the country. 1027 01:04:38,851 --> 01:04:41,850 To replace the whole non-compatible domestic 1028 01:04:41,875 --> 01:04:44,436 infrastructure with German-compatible, 1029 01:04:44,468 --> 01:04:47,874 American-compatible economic systems. 1030 01:04:48,160 --> 01:04:52,280 So, bomb the car factory, the Yugo car factory, 1031 01:04:52,600 --> 01:04:55,480 the car that managed to make it into the U.S market, 1032 01:04:57,757 --> 01:04:59,452 bomb that to the ground. 1033 01:05:00,054 --> 01:05:02,999 Bomb the cement factories, bomb the oil industry, 1034 01:05:03,023 --> 01:05:05,350 bomb all of the telecommunication systems 1035 01:05:05,375 --> 01:05:06,733 so you can sell them the new ones, 1036 01:05:06,758 --> 01:05:08,039 much more expensive, but not any better. 1037 01:05:08,132 --> 01:05:10,694 If this was NATO’s job, it had to have 1038 01:05:10,719 --> 01:05:12,636 been well coordinated in advance. 1039 01:05:12,695 --> 01:05:15,362 In fact, almost a year prior to the war, 1040 01:05:15,520 --> 01:05:17,668 the World Bank carefully analysed the 1041 01:05:17,715 --> 01:05:20,052 consequences of an eventual military intervention 1042 01:05:20,077 --> 01:05:22,477 leading to the occupation of Kosovo 1043 01:05:22,502 --> 01:05:24,241 and conducted relevant simulations 1044 01:05:24,319 --> 01:05:27,221 which anticipated the possibility of an emergency 1045 01:05:27,246 --> 01:05:29,947 scenario arising out of the tensions in Kosovo. 1046 01:05:30,018 --> 01:05:32,467 This suggests that NATO had already briefed the 1047 01:05:32,492 --> 01:05:34,900 World Bank at an early stage of military planning. 1048 01:05:34,924 --> 01:05:37,010 The plans for occupation started before a 1049 01:05:37,035 --> 01:05:39,563 good enough pretext to intervene was found. 1050 01:05:39,971 --> 01:05:40,838 But hold on, 1051 01:05:40,963 --> 01:05:41,971 occupation? 1052 01:05:42,526 --> 01:05:45,119 Weren’t we told that Kosovo was to be liberated 1053 01:05:45,144 --> 01:05:47,443 from the Serbian aggressors who invaded it? 1054 01:05:47,815 --> 01:05:50,025 Well, I have yet to find someone who can 1055 01:05:50,050 --> 01:05:51,900 explain how a country can invade itself. 1056 01:05:51,986 --> 01:05:53,931 History was twisted in a way that would give 1057 01:05:53,956 --> 01:05:55,932 the West a believable pretext to intervene. 1058 01:05:56,799 --> 01:05:59,494 After 5 centuries of Turkish rule, Kosovo legally 1059 01:05:59,519 --> 01:06:01,635 became a part of Serbia in 1912. 1060 01:06:01,660 --> 01:06:04,041 By then, a lot of the Serbs were long gone, 1061 01:06:04,253 --> 01:06:06,173 and those that were left were again 1062 01:06:06,206 --> 01:06:08,283 under persuasion during World War II, 1063 01:06:08,307 --> 01:06:10,760 when the Albanian fascists took over Kosovo. 1064 01:06:10,800 --> 01:06:13,520 Mustafa Kruja, the Prime Minister of Albania, 1065 01:06:13,535 --> 01:06:15,713 was in Kosovo in June 1942, 1066 01:06:15,924 --> 01:06:18,994 and at a meeting with the Albanian leaders of Kosovo, 1067 01:06:19,040 --> 01:06:21,840 he said, we should endeavour to ensure that the Serb 1068 01:06:21,893 --> 01:06:23,963 population of Kosovo be, the area 1069 01:06:23,988 --> 01:06:25,806 be cleansed of them and all Serbs 1070 01:06:25,823 --> 01:06:28,056 who had been living there for centuries 1071 01:06:28,081 --> 01:06:29,705 should be termed colonialists 1072 01:06:29,730 --> 01:06:32,139 and sent to concentration camps in Albania. 1073 01:06:32,164 --> 01:06:34,210 The Serb settlers should be killed. 1074 01:06:34,476 --> 01:06:37,702 The terror against the indigenous Serbian 1075 01:06:37,718 --> 01:06:40,585 population reached significant proportions 1076 01:06:40,610 --> 01:06:42,542 with over 10,000 being killed 1077 01:06:42,577 --> 01:06:46,303 in cold blood and twice that number being expelled. 1078 01:06:47,640 --> 01:06:51,272 MUSIC 1079 01:06:53,920 --> 01:06:56,200 Here’s Tito with Enver Hoxha, the 1080 01:06:56,205 --> 01:06:58,749 Albanian dictator during communist times. 1081 01:06:59,654 --> 01:07:02,677 MUSIC 1082 01:07:04,655 --> 01:07:07,686 You see, one thing I didn’t mention about Tito is that 1083 01:07:07,711 --> 01:07:10,264 he didn’t just want to be ruler of Yugoslavia, 1084 01:07:10,289 --> 01:07:11,842 he wanted most of the Balkans, 1085 01:07:11,867 --> 01:07:14,474 a federation including parts of Greece and Italy, 1086 01:07:14,499 --> 01:07:16,466 Bulgaria and Albania as well. 1087 01:07:16,491 --> 01:07:19,827 This meant that the Albanian dictator Hoxha was to be shown 1088 01:07:19,852 --> 01:07:22,905 just how much the Albanians were well treated in Yugoslavia. 1089 01:07:22,930 --> 01:07:26,143 So, the Yugoslav Albanians, living mostly in Kosovo, 1090 01:07:26,168 --> 01:07:29,053 got a better living standard than in Albania! 1091 01:07:29,108 --> 01:07:31,280 Their own University, schools, 1092 01:07:31,305 --> 01:07:33,866 newspapers, political institutions, 1093 01:07:33,891 --> 01:07:37,428 cultural centres, everything in the Albanian language. 1094 01:07:37,498 --> 01:07:40,129 Albanians from Albania were flooding into Kosovo 1095 01:07:40,154 --> 01:07:42,905 with ease, and the Serbs were being pushed out. 1096 01:07:55,356 --> 01:07:57,825 Western media failed to mention any of this. 1097 01:07:57,850 --> 01:08:00,326 The official story was that Kosovo Albanians wanted 1098 01:08:00,352 --> 01:08:03,303 independence because of Slobo’s actions in the 1990s, 1099 01:08:03,382 --> 01:08:05,561 which ignored the fact that Albanians 1100 01:08:05,586 --> 01:08:07,798 demanded for Kosovo the status of a Republic 1101 01:08:07,827 --> 01:08:10,241 quickly after Tito’s Yugoslavia was formed, 1102 01:08:10,272 --> 01:08:12,491 around the time Slobo was born, and 1103 01:08:12,516 --> 01:08:15,083 even held mass demonstrations in 1968. 1104 01:08:15,545 --> 01:08:19,498 In 1974, Tito gave Kosovo, still a province of Serbia, 1105 01:08:19,577 --> 01:08:21,967 all the traits of a Republic and this 1106 01:08:21,992 --> 01:08:23,998 effectively helped the Albanian leaders 1107 01:08:24,030 --> 01:08:26,139 to continue what was started in World War II. 1108 01:08:26,147 --> 01:08:28,733 You had a lot of low level intimidation. 1109 01:08:28,780 --> 01:08:33,373 Attacks on individuals that are not dealt with by the police, 1110 01:08:34,256 --> 01:08:35,740 in that sense, effectively. 1111 01:08:35,765 --> 01:08:37,232 There are no arrests that follow. 1112 01:08:40,296 --> 01:08:43,584 A New York Times article published on July 12th 1982, 1113 01:08:43,608 --> 01:08:46,537 many years before Slobo came to power said that, 1114 01:08:46,584 --> 01:08:48,178 the exodus of Serbs is admittedly 1115 01:08:48,202 --> 01:08:49,802 one of the main problems 1116 01:08:49,827 --> 01:08:52,168 that the authorities have to contend with in Kosovo. 1117 01:08:52,226 --> 01:08:54,045 Regarding the Albanians who want to 1118 01:08:54,080 --> 01:08:56,120 separate from Yugoslavia, Becir Hoti, 1119 01:08:56,163 --> 01:08:58,663 an executive secretary of the Communist Party of Kosovo 1120 01:08:58,688 --> 01:09:01,795 stated that the nationalists have a two-point platform 1121 01:09:01,804 --> 01:09:03,678 first to establish what they call an 1122 01:09:03,703 --> 01:09:05,373 ethnically clean Albanian republic 1123 01:09:05,405 --> 01:09:09,302 and then the merger with Albania to form a greater Albania. 1124 01:09:09,440 --> 01:09:11,160 And they were desperate for help, 1125 01:09:11,195 --> 01:09:13,405 they needed it at any cost. 1126 01:09:13,670 --> 01:09:14,905 Any cost you say? 1127 01:09:15,671 --> 01:09:18,420 MUSIC 1128 01:09:40,950 --> 01:09:43,012 There are a lot of little girls in 1129 01:09:43,037 --> 01:09:45,169 Kosovo whose first name is Madeleine. 1130 01:09:45,921 --> 01:09:47,921 MUSIC 1131 01:09:53,426 --> 01:09:56,171 If you want, we can talk here or we can go outside 1132 01:09:56,773 --> 01:09:58,773 MUSIC 1133 01:10:04,025 --> 01:10:05,826 Mr. Clark, this is your group, 1134 01:10:05,840 --> 01:10:07,960 they’re all KLA, former fighters. 1135 01:10:08,507 --> 01:10:10,499 MUSIC 1136 01:10:15,484 --> 01:10:17,561 Thank you for the enormous amount 1137 01:10:17,586 --> 01:10:19,350 of money you’ve raised tonight! 1138 01:10:19,756 --> 01:10:21,349 MUSIC 1139 01:10:24,374 --> 01:10:25,942 I must say, 1140 01:10:28,442 --> 01:10:30,962 I never expected that anywhere someone 1141 01:10:30,987 --> 01:10:33,313 would make such a big statue of me. 1142 01:10:34,400 --> 01:10:37,060 MUSIC 1143 01:10:42,443 --> 01:10:44,674 You gotta hand it to the Albanians, they 1144 01:10:44,699 --> 01:10:47,002 really know how to flatter the Americans. 1145 01:10:47,027 --> 01:10:48,908 Trouble is the Albanians didn’t know 1146 01:10:48,933 --> 01:10:50,681 what they were getting themselves into. 1147 01:10:50,713 --> 01:10:53,246 In 1998, the KLA was still classified 1148 01:10:53,271 --> 01:10:55,322 by the U.S. State Department as 1149 01:10:55,362 --> 01:10:58,166 a terrorist organization bankrolled by the proceeds 1150 01:10:58,191 --> 01:11:01,416 from the heroin trade and by Osama bin Laden 1151 01:11:02,127 --> 01:11:03,924 As it became more evident that the 1152 01:11:03,949 --> 01:11:05,767 KLA was driving events in Kosovo, 1153 01:11:05,822 --> 01:11:08,760 the U.S. realized it could use them for their own interests. 1154 01:11:08,785 --> 01:11:10,416 The whole northern Albania region was 1155 01:11:10,441 --> 01:11:12,486 actually under the control of the KLA, 1156 01:11:12,549 --> 01:11:16,525 not the Albanian government and U.S. cargo planes 1157 01:11:16,830 --> 01:11:18,892 were landing at a rate of two a day 1158 01:11:18,927 --> 01:11:21,087 bringing supplies and arms shipments. 1159 01:11:21,392 --> 01:11:23,952 British special forces, CIA, U.S. military 1160 01:11:23,985 --> 01:11:26,425 forces were providing training to the KLA 1161 01:11:26,450 --> 01:11:28,117 this was before the war. 1162 01:11:28,237 --> 01:11:33,056 Germany was shipping ex-East German military arms to Albania, 1163 01:11:35,471 --> 01:11:37,189 with the understanding that Albania 1164 01:11:37,214 --> 01:11:39,010 would provide it to the KLA. 1165 01:11:39,049 --> 01:11:42,471 The goal was to provoke a harsh response from the Serbian army, 1166 01:11:42,510 --> 01:11:44,822 so the West could pretend it’s jumping in to stop 1167 01:11:44,847 --> 01:11:46,714 war and impose its policies. 1168 01:11:47,600 --> 01:11:49,517 Slobo sent in the military and a 1169 01:11:49,542 --> 01:11:51,525 full blown conflict erupted in 1998. 1170 01:12:15,234 --> 01:12:17,342 Certainly everything the United States 1171 01:12:17,367 --> 01:12:19,256 have done in Afghanistan and Iraq, 1172 01:12:19,280 --> 01:12:21,171 is far worse than what the Serbian 1173 01:12:21,196 --> 01:12:22,805 military ever did in Kosovo. 1174 01:12:22,840 --> 01:12:25,120 If you’re gonna colonize a territory, 1175 01:12:25,149 --> 01:12:27,116 might as well put it on paper. 1176 01:12:27,171 --> 01:12:29,366 US State Secretary Madeleine Albright, 1177 01:12:29,400 --> 01:12:31,520 masterminded the so-called Rambouillet 1178 01:12:31,545 --> 01:12:33,385 agreement which was modelled on the 1179 01:12:33,406 --> 01:12:34,764 Dayton Accords imposed on Bosnia. 1180 01:12:34,819 --> 01:12:38,608 Here NATO outlined how it will occupy and colonize Yugoslavia, 1181 01:12:38,680 --> 01:12:41,720 Yugoslavia, in Annex B of the Rambouillet agreement 1182 01:12:41,757 --> 01:12:44,186 NATO personnel shall enjoy, together with 1183 01:12:44,211 --> 01:12:46,647 their vehicles, vessels, aircraft, and equipment 1184 01:12:46,672 --> 01:12:48,913 and equipment, free and unrestricted passage 1185 01:12:48,938 --> 01:12:51,241 and unimpeded access throughout Yugoslavia 1186 01:12:51,304 --> 01:12:53,971 Of course they took us to Rambouillet to drown us 1187 01:12:56,476 --> 01:12:59,276 We intentionally raised the bar too high, 1188 01:12:59,301 --> 01:13:01,967 we knew that they could not accept this 1189 01:13:01,992 --> 01:13:06,241 Addendum to the Agreement and the intention was 1190 01:13:07,148 --> 01:13:08,548 to go ahead and bomb. 1191 01:13:08,601 --> 01:13:09,351 In fact, 1192 01:13:09,694 --> 01:13:10,444 this Annex 1193 01:13:10,687 --> 01:13:11,487 was secret! 1194 01:13:12,273 --> 01:13:13,206 That’s right, 1195 01:13:13,226 --> 01:13:15,696 it was not revealed to the public until several 1196 01:13:15,721 --> 01:13:17,726 months after the beginning of the war. 1197 01:13:17,751 --> 01:13:20,008 The document also went a step further and 1198 01:13:20,033 --> 01:13:23,381 basically promised Kosovo secession in 3 years. 1199 01:13:23,440 --> 01:13:26,760 The Kosovar leaders signed that agreement last week. 1200 01:13:26,803 --> 01:13:28,818 Even though it does not give them all they want… 1201 01:13:28,889 --> 01:13:31,873 Nope, they have to wait 3 more years to get it. 1202 01:13:31,936 --> 01:13:34,412 They saw that a just peace is better 1203 01:13:34,440 --> 01:13:37,560 than a long and un-winnable war. 1204 01:13:37,999 --> 01:13:40,825 The Serbian leaders, on the other hand, refused even 1205 01:13:40,841 --> 01:13:44,372 to discuss key elements of the peace agreement. 1206 01:13:44,397 --> 01:13:45,593 Gee, I wonder why. 1207 01:13:45,631 --> 01:13:48,725 Hey, do you want us to occupy you this way or that way? 1208 01:13:48,750 --> 01:13:50,834 Of course while the true details were hidden, 1209 01:13:50,866 --> 01:13:52,779 the story was presented that the Americans 1210 01:13:52,804 --> 01:13:54,193 wanted to protect the Albanians. 1211 01:13:54,428 --> 01:13:56,654 Maybe we could show some refugee pictures, 1212 01:13:56,679 --> 01:13:58,537 you know what, they break my heart, 1213 01:13:58,577 --> 01:14:00,889 America’s been responding to this terror, 1214 01:14:00,914 --> 01:14:02,998 these pictures that have been going 1215 01:14:03,040 --> 01:14:05,440 on and all these atrocities.You look at all the atrocities, 1216 01:14:05,459 --> 01:14:07,763 all the misery and mayhem and insanity 1217 01:14:07,800 --> 01:14:10,600 there’s an incideous evil that permeates this Earth. 1218 01:14:10,616 --> 01:14:12,529 Many Albanians didn’t buy it. 1219 01:14:49,834 --> 01:14:54,701 I consider that the intervention of the West in 1999 against 1220 01:14:55,225 --> 01:14:58,100 Serbia was made possible 1221 01:14:58,178 --> 01:15:00,412 by the geostrategic interests 1222 01:15:00,437 --> 01:15:02,865 that the Western countries might have 1223 01:15:02,890 --> 01:15:04,631 had and especially the United States of America. 1224 01:15:04,671 --> 01:15:07,045 This had nothing to do with the Albanians, 1225 01:15:07,070 --> 01:15:08,428 or the Americans caring about them. 1226 01:15:24,300 --> 01:15:27,011 That’s right, NATO killed Albanian civilians too. 1227 01:15:27,044 --> 01:15:30,315 Lots of them. If they cared about Albanians, 1228 01:15:30,340 --> 01:15:31,737 or Serbs for that matter, 1229 01:15:31,762 --> 01:15:34,815 the West wouldn’t have aided the KLA which was directly 1230 01:15:34,840 --> 01:15:37,612 linked to organized crime and the narcotics trade. 1231 01:15:37,644 --> 01:15:39,987 You don’t help anyone by aiding the Mafia. 1232 01:15:40,000 --> 01:15:42,320 After the highly publicized Racak massacre 1233 01:15:42,348 --> 01:15:44,050 which was later to be revealed by Finnish 1234 01:15:44,080 --> 01:15:45,960 forensic Helena Ranta as staged, 1235 01:15:45,964 --> 01:15:48,297 NATO bombed Yugoslavia, but failed 1236 01:15:48,323 --> 01:15:50,206 to destroy the Yugoslav military. 1237 01:15:50,231 --> 01:15:52,136 By the end of NATO bombing, only 1238 01:15:52,161 --> 01:15:53,800 13 Yugoslav tanks were destroyed 1239 01:15:53,825 --> 01:15:56,332 and a lot of those were old models that 1240 01:15:56,357 --> 01:15:58,136 were left out deliberately as decoys. 1241 01:15:58,200 --> 01:16:00,440 The Serbs had ingenious methods of 1242 01:16:00,458 --> 01:16:02,354 protecting their military defences. 1243 01:16:02,855 --> 01:16:05,393 They built wooden tanks, painted them 1244 01:16:05,418 --> 01:16:07,972 to look like a real tank and put an old 1245 01:16:08,011 --> 01:16:10,908 heater or microwave oven inside it and turned it on. 1246 01:16:10,933 --> 01:16:13,453 NATO goes by with hyper-high technology, 1247 01:16:13,488 --> 01:16:15,268 sees the target and bombs it. 1248 01:16:15,293 --> 01:16:18,494 OK, those bombs cost several hundred thousand dollars per go, 1249 01:16:18,519 --> 01:16:22,112 and the tar paper tank costs about 200 bucks. 1250 01:16:46,598 --> 01:16:49,496 LAUGHS 1251 01:16:53,606 --> 01:16:56,637 So why did Slobo give in to NATO? 1252 01:16:57,360 --> 01:17:01,480 At the June 2nd meeting when Marti Ahtisaari and Viktor 1253 01:17:01,520 --> 01:17:04,320 Chernomyrdin came to Belgrade to meet with Milosevic, 1254 01:17:04,884 --> 01:17:08,754 Ahtisaari read me those terms. 1255 01:17:08,770 --> 01:17:10,806 And Milosevic asked them: What 1256 01:17:10,831 --> 01:17:13,194 would happen then if I don’t sign? 1257 01:17:13,953 --> 01:17:16,020 There was a table between them 1258 01:17:16,312 --> 01:17:19,616 with a flower vase and Ahtisaari moved the vase to the side 1259 01:17:20,515 --> 01:17:23,585 and said Belgrade will be like this table.Then he 1260 01:17:23,610 --> 01:17:26,874 repeated the gesture of his arm sweeping across the table. 1261 01:17:26,899 --> 01:17:30,730 He said in a weeks time there will be half a 1262 01:17:30,762 --> 01:17:34,433 million dead, it will be carpet bombing Belgrade. 1263 01:17:35,360 --> 01:17:38,047 Faced with Ahtisaari’s monstrous threat, 1264 01:17:38,076 --> 01:17:41,097 Slobo had no choice and signed the agreement, 1265 01:17:41,145 --> 01:17:45,212 while Ahtisaari went on to win the Nobel Peace Prize in 2008. 1266 01:17:50,964 --> 01:17:54,511 This is a CBS News Special Report, part of our 1267 01:17:54,536 --> 01:17:57,008 continuing coverage of the Crisis over Kosovo 1268 01:17:58,167 --> 01:18:01,698 Earlier today, Serb forces began withdrawing from Kosovo 1269 01:18:01,768 --> 01:18:05,035 and NATO suspended its 11 week bombing campaign. 1270 01:18:05,331 --> 01:18:08,893 The first step of the Western geostrategic interests 1271 01:18:08,925 --> 01:18:11,925 was fulfilled in 1999 being that NATO troops 1272 01:18:11,950 --> 01:18:15,083 entered Kosovo and they remain still in Kosovo. 1273 01:18:16,200 --> 01:18:19,440 Along with U.S. troops which established Camp Bond steel, 1274 01:18:19,464 --> 01:18:20,885 the second largest foreign 1275 01:18:20,917 --> 01:18:22,448 military base outside of Germany, 1276 01:18:22,479 --> 01:18:24,947 an army of lawyers and consultants was 1277 01:18:24,979 --> 01:18:27,305 sent into the now occupied Kosovo under 1278 01:18:27,339 --> 01:18:29,838 World Bank auspices to create an enabling 1279 01:18:29,863 --> 01:18:31,830 environment for foreign capital. 1280 01:18:31,870 --> 01:18:33,337 And how was this done? 1281 01:18:33,378 --> 01:18:36,143 They set up an organization to manage the 1282 01:18:36,206 --> 01:18:39,588 privatization of socially owned enterprises 1283 01:18:40,425 --> 01:18:43,674 and after a certain period of time they determined 1284 01:18:43,792 --> 01:18:47,925 that they would do this without any regard to legal ownership, 1285 01:18:48,057 --> 01:18:50,409 that they wouldn’t have to pay any attention 1286 01:18:50,434 --> 01:18:52,541 to who actually legally owned this, 1287 01:18:52,566 --> 01:18:54,776 they just basically confiscated it and 1288 01:18:54,801 --> 01:18:57,182 privatized it, sold it to whom they chose. 1289 01:18:57,276 --> 01:19:00,080 Yugoslav State banks in Kosovo were closed down 1290 01:19:00,120 --> 01:19:02,520 and the Deutschmark was adopted as legal tender. 1291 01:19:02,542 --> 01:19:05,182 Almost the entire banking system in Kosovo was 1292 01:19:05,200 --> 01:19:07,560 handed over to Germany’s Commerzbank A.G. 1293 01:19:07,925 --> 01:19:10,268 which gained full control over commercial 1294 01:19:10,293 --> 01:19:12,416 banking functions for the province. 1295 01:19:12,456 --> 01:19:13,656 One second though. 1296 01:19:13,878 --> 01:19:17,143 Think about this for a little bit. Human rights violations. 1297 01:19:17,261 --> 01:19:18,011 War crimes. 1298 01:19:18,799 --> 01:19:20,784 Those are the reasons the West went in to Kosovo, 1299 01:19:20,809 --> 01:19:22,299 we’ve been told by the media, right? 1300 01:19:23,354 --> 01:19:26,305 So why was the head of the UN mission of Kosovo most 1301 01:19:26,330 --> 01:19:29,627 obsessed with taking over a coal mine from the Serbs? 1302 01:19:29,971 --> 01:19:31,416 MUSIC 1303 01:19:31,760 --> 01:19:34,104 Prior to the bombings, Western investors 1304 01:19:34,205 --> 01:19:36,221 already had their eyes riveted 1305 01:19:36,280 --> 01:19:39,440 on the massive Trepca mining complex which constitutes 1306 01:19:39,449 --> 01:19:41,605 the most valuable piece of real estate in 1307 01:19:41,621 --> 01:19:44,260 the Balkans, worth at least 5 billion Dollars. 1308 01:19:45,589 --> 01:19:48,416 The Trepca complex not only includes copper and large 1309 01:19:48,464 --> 01:19:51,705 reserves of zinc but also cadmium, gold, and silver. 1310 01:19:51,893 --> 01:19:54,041 The International Crisis Group, a think 1311 01:19:54,080 --> 01:19:56,160 tank supported by Financier George Soros, 1312 01:19:56,206 --> 01:19:57,806 issued a paper on Trepca 1313 01:19:57,831 --> 01:19:59,416 Making Sense of the Labyrinth 1314 01:19:59,480 --> 01:20:02,520 which told UNMIK to take over the Trepca mining complex 1315 01:20:02,558 --> 01:20:04,142 from the Serbs as quickly as possible 1316 01:20:04,200 --> 01:20:07,560 and that handing Trepca over to the Kosovars is ruled out 1317 01:20:08,440 --> 01:20:11,440 And in August 2000, UNMIK Head Bernard Kouchner 1318 01:20:11,488 --> 01:20:13,948 sent in heavily armed peacekeepers wearing 1319 01:20:13,987 --> 01:20:17,620 surgical masks against toxic smoke to occupy the mine. 1320 01:20:17,640 --> 01:20:20,080 This was done on the pretense that it was creating 1321 01:20:20,128 --> 01:20:23,401 an environmental hazard through excessive air pollution. 1322 01:20:23,432 --> 01:20:25,899 Of course, a healthy environment had 1323 01:20:25,924 --> 01:20:29,026 always been a top priority of the West in Yugoslavia, 1324 01:20:29,050 --> 01:20:32,464 even during the bombing campaign nicknamed Merciful angel 1325 01:20:32,503 --> 01:20:34,703 After NATO used depleted uranium 1326 01:20:34,728 --> 01:20:37,394 munitions here during the 1999 bombing, 1327 01:20:38,261 --> 01:20:40,511 military experts from Belgrade have 1328 01:20:40,536 --> 01:20:42,682 registered an increased radiation level 1329 01:20:42,720 --> 01:20:45,640 Dr. Sedlak was the first to raise the alarm. 1330 01:20:45,751 --> 01:20:48,651 There is no other place in the modern world where so 1331 01:20:48,676 --> 01:20:52,112 many people and so many young people die from cancer. 1332 01:20:52,135 --> 01:20:54,822 In this animal hospital in the South of Serbia, 1333 01:20:54,847 --> 01:20:57,346 there is evidence of something going wrong. 1334 01:20:57,410 --> 01:21:00,675 As it takes billions of years for uranium to decay, 1335 01:21:01,160 --> 01:21:03,613 the shadow of the ghost of the merciful angel 1336 01:21:03,638 --> 01:21:06,339 will hang over the region virtually forever. 1337 01:21:06,434 --> 01:21:08,042 See, that’s perfectly fine. 1338 01:21:08,059 --> 01:21:10,667 Meanwhile, the United Nations had handed over the 1339 01:21:10,693 --> 01:21:13,222 management of the entire Trepca mining complex 1340 01:21:13,247 --> 01:21:14,933 to a Western consortium. 1341 01:21:14,965 --> 01:21:17,365 With a stake in the Trepca deal was 1342 01:21:17,390 --> 01:21:19,316 Morrison Knudsen International. 1343 01:21:19,341 --> 01:21:22,417 The new conglomerate was the Washington Group, 1344 01:21:22,442 --> 01:21:25,567 one of the World's most powerful engineering and construction 1345 01:21:25,599 --> 01:21:29,355 firms as well as a major Defense contractor in the US. 1346 01:21:29,557 --> 01:21:31,113 Are any of the Western politicians, 1347 01:21:31,138 --> 01:21:33,175 businessmen or lobbyists facing charges 1348 01:21:33,200 --> 01:21:35,152 for stealing from the Yugoslav people, 1349 01:21:35,191 --> 01:21:37,902 for crimes against the people of the former Yugoslavia? 1350 01:21:38,684 --> 01:21:41,350 Nope. Not a single one of them. 1351 01:21:42,320 --> 01:21:44,720 Instead, to escape any persecution, 1352 01:21:44,934 --> 01:21:47,199 they set up a tribunal in the Hague, 1353 01:21:47,230 --> 01:21:49,134 the Netherlands, to try the 1354 01:21:49,160 --> 01:21:51,277 Yugoslav people involved in the war. 1355 01:21:51,316 --> 01:21:54,019 The Hague Tribunal was founded in 1993 1356 01:21:55,352 --> 01:21:59,160 on the basis of the Security Council Resolution, 1357 01:21:59,215 --> 01:22:01,433 rather than General Assembly Resolution, 1358 01:22:01,720 --> 01:22:05,480 which means that it is an ad hoc body created on the 1359 01:22:05,505 --> 01:22:08,776 basis of political rather than legal principles 1360 01:22:08,855 --> 01:22:12,511 When you’re creating a colony, you only lock up the dissidents. 1361 01:22:12,699 --> 01:22:17,324 Back in Belgrade, Slobo, who was declared a man of peace in 1995 1362 01:22:17,598 --> 01:22:19,730 when he handed over Bosnia to the West, 1363 01:22:19,755 --> 01:22:22,167 after he was being stubborn about doing the 1364 01:22:22,192 --> 01:22:24,747 same for Kosovo, got indicted for war crimes. 1365 01:22:25,598 --> 01:22:28,217 I think every major world leader knows that 1366 01:22:28,242 --> 01:22:30,622 if they don’t go along with the system, 1367 01:22:30,832 --> 01:22:33,292 that they’re likely to be taken out one way or another. 1368 01:22:33,348 --> 01:22:35,914 After an extensive anti-Slobo campaign 1369 01:22:35,938 --> 01:22:37,699 readily financed by Western wallets, 1370 01:22:37,715 --> 01:22:40,894 The EU and the USA have spent millions of Euros in 1371 01:22:40,908 --> 01:22:44,025 equipping opposition movements inside Yugoslavia 1372 01:22:44,050 --> 01:22:47,440 with the necessary resources to fight in election campaign. 1373 01:22:47,465 --> 01:22:50,532 Slobo lost the elections in September of 2000, 1374 01:22:50,600 --> 01:22:53,720 but wouldn’t heel to his opponent, Vojislav Kostunica. 1375 01:22:53,760 --> 01:22:56,160 Vojo decided that enough was enough. 1376 01:22:56,662 --> 01:22:57,412 CHEERING 1377 01:23:02,137 --> 01:23:04,107 Victory, victory shouted the crowd, 1378 01:23:04,177 --> 01:23:07,904 Slobodan, Slobodan save Serbia and kill yourself, cried others. 1379 01:23:14,381 --> 01:23:15,263 Slobo fell. 1380 01:23:16,685 --> 01:23:17,685 But what next? 1381 01:23:18,709 --> 01:23:20,388 The politicians were all back to 1382 01:23:20,400 --> 01:23:22,560 quarrelling over insignificant nonsense, 1383 01:23:22,615 --> 01:23:25,597 in the hottest TV reality show AKA 1384 01:23:25,622 --> 01:23:27,640 the Serbian National Assembly. 1385 01:25:00,130 --> 01:25:02,387 MUSIC 1386 01:25:03,341 --> 01:25:05,669 Instead of focusing on the really important things, 1387 01:25:05,850 --> 01:25:09,263 they allowed the further fragmentation of Yugoslavia. 1388 01:25:09,288 --> 01:25:10,466 In 2003, 1389 01:25:10,718 --> 01:25:12,778 the name Yugoslavia 1390 01:25:12,857 --> 01:25:15,452 officially ceased to exist thanks to the 1391 01:25:15,480 --> 01:25:17,560 genius prescription of Havier Solana. 1392 01:25:24,147 --> 01:25:27,614 However, one man didn’t want to give up his country 1393 01:25:27,676 --> 01:25:29,090 and its system so easily. 1394 01:25:29,480 --> 01:25:32,480 Blasko Gabric, from my home town of Subotica, 1395 01:25:32,880 --> 01:25:34,947 decided to make a radical move. 1396 01:25:35,076 --> 01:25:37,653 Yugoslavian socialism was much much better 1397 01:25:37,678 --> 01:25:39,653 socialism than any other socialism, 1398 01:25:39,678 --> 01:25:40,989 alright, comparing to the Russians 1399 01:25:41,014 --> 01:25:42,536 or comparing with Chinese. 1400 01:25:42,561 --> 01:25:44,216 We had a Heaven. 1401 01:25:44,302 --> 01:25:48,372 If you can imagine a Heaven in the Earth, that was Yugoslavia. 1402 01:25:48,451 --> 01:25:51,255 Blasko explains who took away his piece of Heaven. 1403 01:25:51,294 --> 01:25:54,833 The Western world, they want to talk 1404 01:25:55,614 --> 01:25:57,528 You will go to Heaven when you die. 1405 01:25:58,247 --> 01:26:01,575 They don’t want afford you Heaven when you’re alive. 1406 01:26:01,622 --> 01:26:03,700 So, he turned his property of 15 1407 01:26:03,720 --> 01:26:06,960 hectars into a new, fourth Yugoslavia 1408 01:26:07,365 --> 01:26:09,145 If they destroy your factory, 1409 01:26:09,200 --> 01:26:10,755 if they put everything on private. 1410 01:26:10,800 --> 01:26:13,400 Whatever we had we don’t have any more, what do you call that? 1411 01:26:13,451 --> 01:26:15,651 The West said this was democracy. 1412 01:26:16,208 --> 01:26:18,630 We have a very very nice joke. 1413 01:26:19,646 --> 01:26:22,395 When Muslim people ask their priest 1414 01:26:23,852 --> 01:26:26,384 how can he explain democracy to them, 1415 01:26:27,404 --> 01:26:29,270 to be capable to understand. 1416 01:26:29,816 --> 01:26:30,566 Well, 1417 01:26:30,848 --> 01:26:33,144 very simple I can explain that to you. 1418 01:26:33,340 --> 01:26:35,324 See, when I go in top of minaret 1419 01:26:36,231 --> 01:26:37,824 and you are down below me 1420 01:26:37,863 --> 01:26:39,463 and I piss on you guys, 1421 01:26:40,199 --> 01:26:41,925 even you can piss on me too. 1422 01:26:41,988 --> 01:26:43,122 That’s democracy. 1423 01:26:43,301 --> 01:26:43,933 Well, 1424 01:26:43,965 --> 01:26:44,765 jokes aside, 1425 01:26:45,317 --> 01:26:48,589 taking away Yugoslavia’s name had a more malevolent motive. 1426 01:26:48,744 --> 01:26:50,910 When they take Yugoslavia away, when 1427 01:26:50,935 --> 01:26:52,973 they call Serbia and Montenegro 1428 01:26:53,950 --> 01:26:56,017 West promised to the Montenegro 1429 01:26:56,544 --> 01:26:57,942 Leave the Serbia alone 1430 01:26:57,997 --> 01:26:58,950 Come 2006, 1431 01:26:59,427 --> 01:27:02,046 after a controversial referendum Montenegro 1432 01:27:02,071 --> 01:27:04,451 became the newest country of the world. 1433 01:27:04,544 --> 01:27:09,182 55.4% of citizens voted for the independence of Montenegro 1434 01:27:12,854 --> 01:27:15,254 However, another part of the former 1435 01:27:15,279 --> 01:27:17,549 Yugoslavia still wanted that title. 1436 01:27:17,574 --> 01:27:19,377 You guessed it, Kosovo. 1437 01:27:19,901 --> 01:27:20,955 In the same year, 1438 01:27:21,011 --> 01:27:23,768 negotiations began between the Belgrade government 1439 01:27:23,800 --> 01:27:26,916 and the Albanian minority over the status of Kosovo. 1440 01:27:26,940 --> 01:27:29,002 However, the so-called negotiations 1441 01:27:29,027 --> 01:27:30,611 were a farce from the beginning, 1442 01:27:30,636 --> 01:27:33,143 as almost all the Western powers were promising 1443 01:27:33,168 --> 01:27:36,315 Kosovo independence regardless of the negotiations. 1444 01:27:36,355 --> 01:27:39,666 Sooner rather than later, you gotta say enough is enough 1445 01:27:40,136 --> 01:27:41,669 Kosovo is independent. 1446 01:27:42,268 --> 01:27:44,307 That’s the position we’ve taken. 1447 01:27:44,362 --> 01:27:47,323 The people of Kosovo need to know that it is a solid, 1448 01:27:47,348 --> 01:27:50,516 firm position, even though there is diplomacy and talks 1449 01:27:50,541 --> 01:27:53,112 but if it’s apparent that that’s not going to 1450 01:27:53,137 --> 01:27:55,260 happen in a relatively quick period of time, 1451 01:27:55,308 --> 01:27:58,841 in my judgement, we need to put forward a resolution! 1452 01:28:00,102 --> 01:28:00,937 Think about it. 1453 01:28:00,977 --> 01:28:03,061 If you had some of the world’s largest powers 1454 01:28:03,086 --> 01:28:05,469 telling you that you can get what you want, 1455 01:28:05,641 --> 01:28:08,174 why the hell would you settle for any less 1456 01:28:08,305 --> 01:28:10,234 and try to reach a compromise? 1457 01:28:10,523 --> 01:28:13,125 As anticipated, the talks broke down and 1458 01:28:13,150 --> 01:28:16,609 Kosovo, unilaterally, declared independence. 1459 01:28:16,859 --> 01:28:20,268 MUSIC 1460 01:28:20,360 --> 01:28:24,080 It has been an honour to welcome the President and Prime Minister 1461 01:28:24,142 --> 01:28:27,142 of an independent Kosovo to the Oval Office. 1462 01:28:27,704 --> 01:28:30,204 I’m proud y’all are here. I welcome you. 1463 01:28:31,307 --> 01:28:34,125 I'm a strong supporter of Kosovo’s independence. 1464 01:28:37,758 --> 01:28:40,195 MUSIC 1465 01:28:53,586 --> 01:28:56,617 I pledged that the United States would continue to work 1466 01:28:56,642 --> 01:28:59,555 with those nations that have not recognized an independent 1467 01:28:59,580 --> 01:29:02,469 Kosovo to convince them to do so as quickly as possible. 1468 01:29:02,524 --> 01:29:04,328 Contrary to what Bush had hoped, 1469 01:29:04,353 --> 01:29:07,547 the majority of world countries didn’t recognize Kosovo, 1470 01:29:07,572 --> 01:29:10,016 and it didn’t even become a UN member state. 1471 01:29:10,055 --> 01:29:12,875 Thus Kosovo failed to become a country. 1472 01:29:12,922 --> 01:29:14,750 What was absurd in this story is that 1473 01:29:14,775 --> 01:29:16,492 the Albanian minority, which in all 1474 01:29:16,532 --> 01:29:18,959 fairness did suffer greatly throughout the 1990s, 1475 01:29:18,984 --> 01:29:22,469 thought that they actually got independence in 2008. 1476 01:29:22,493 --> 01:29:26,797 Big day for Kosovo people. Albanians, yeah. 1477 01:29:26,840 --> 01:29:29,560 How do you feel?, - Ooh, I feeling 1478 01:29:29,615 --> 01:29:33,289 very very good. This is like a dream. 1479 01:29:34,086 --> 01:29:34,836 As a Serb, 1480 01:29:35,281 --> 01:29:37,172 I feel sorry for the Albanians. 1481 01:29:37,758 --> 01:29:41,292 Because they have been dooped even more than we have. 1482 01:29:41,446 --> 01:29:44,094 They think they have an independent state. 1483 01:29:44,581 --> 01:29:47,158 Kosovo is a U.S. military base. 1484 01:29:48,320 --> 01:29:51,640 It happens to have some local colour called Albanians. 1485 01:29:52,192 --> 01:29:55,478 Some local foliage like leaves on the trees. 1486 01:30:03,088 --> 01:30:05,702 Whether they could decide to do something not 1487 01:30:05,720 --> 01:30:07,240 consisted with U.S. wishes 1488 01:30:08,237 --> 01:30:08,987 Impossible. 1489 01:30:09,237 --> 01:30:11,518 Do you think the Kosovo government could do 1490 01:30:11,543 --> 01:30:14,176 anything without the Americans agreeing with it? 1491 01:30:14,252 --> 01:30:15,002 No. 1492 01:30:44,213 --> 01:30:46,001 We just we listen Americans. 1493 01:30:46,026 --> 01:30:49,930 America, there are 50 countries... States. Yeah, so, 1494 01:30:49,955 --> 01:30:52,355 why Kosovo not be a part of America? 1495 01:30:52,387 --> 01:30:53,250 You would support that? 1496 01:30:53,454 --> 01:30:54,844 Yes, why not. 1497 01:30:54,869 --> 01:30:58,102 They are just administrating everything in Kosovo. 1498 01:30:58,212 --> 01:31:00,087 The Americans are in control? 1499 01:31:00,111 --> 01:31:02,516 Yea, they are pretty much in control here. 1500 01:31:03,009 --> 01:31:06,942 We are not independent from European Union and from America 1501 01:31:09,017 --> 01:31:10,284 The formal channel 1502 01:31:10,400 --> 01:31:12,235 whereby the international missions 1503 01:31:12,260 --> 01:31:15,735 of Kosovo have the absolute power over all 1504 01:31:15,766 --> 01:31:19,048 walks of political and economic life in Kosovo are represented 1505 01:31:19,079 --> 01:31:21,579 through International Civilian Representative 1506 01:31:21,600 --> 01:31:23,080 who has the right to expel any 1507 01:31:23,120 --> 01:31:25,680 elected official or annual any laws that 1508 01:31:25,700 --> 01:31:27,219 are passed by the Assembly of Kosovo. 1509 01:31:27,236 --> 01:31:29,161 At the same time, there is an informal 1510 01:31:29,186 --> 01:31:30,637 channel whereby the international 1511 01:31:30,669 --> 01:31:32,887 community meddles within the politics 1512 01:31:32,912 --> 01:31:34,715 and economics of Kosovo through 1513 01:31:34,778 --> 01:31:37,161 the Ambassadors of the powerful countries 1514 01:31:37,186 --> 01:31:38,950 that have been seen or presented 1515 01:31:38,981 --> 01:31:41,512 itself as sponsors of the independence of Kosovo. 1516 01:31:41,536 --> 01:31:43,442 The wishes of these Ambassadors are 1517 01:31:43,467 --> 01:31:46,684 kind of like orders to Kosovo’s politicians. 1518 01:31:46,950 --> 01:31:51,473 Kosovo still remains a colony and this colonization has 1519 01:31:51,498 --> 01:31:55,200 actually degraded the life 1520 01:31:55,341 --> 01:31:57,629 or the standard of living of Kosovo. 1521 01:31:57,685 --> 01:32:00,168 On the other hand, the people of Serbia’s 1522 01:32:00,192 --> 01:32:01,840 other province were unaware of what 1523 01:32:01,865 --> 01:32:03,457 was being prepared for them. 1524 01:32:03,480 --> 01:32:05,880 Smack dab in the middle of the Pannonian plain, 1525 01:32:05,920 --> 01:32:09,400 Vojvodina has always been an attractive chunk of real estate, 1526 01:32:09,427 --> 01:32:11,723 exploited for its fertile farmland. 1527 01:32:11,754 --> 01:32:14,426 After Kosovo’s declaration of independence, 1528 01:32:14,451 --> 01:32:17,106 the West turned their sights northward. 1529 01:32:17,442 --> 01:32:19,109 Towards the end of 2009, 1530 01:32:19,731 --> 01:32:22,531 in an article published in The Economist, 1531 01:32:22,556 --> 01:32:24,723 the situation in Serbia’s northern 1532 01:32:24,748 --> 01:32:26,887 province was described as being on 1533 01:32:26,920 --> 01:32:30,920 the thin end of a wedge leading to Vojvodina’s independence. 1534 01:32:31,161 --> 01:32:35,294 After all, Kosovo and Vojvodina had equally extensive autonomy. 1535 01:32:43,198 --> 01:32:44,738 And why did nobody take action? 1536 01:32:44,763 --> 01:32:46,430 What’s with the silence? 1537 01:32:46,442 --> 01:32:48,028 You see, there’s a way to 1538 01:32:48,067 --> 01:32:49,786 get people to do something in Serbia, 1539 01:32:49,849 --> 01:32:52,184 or any other Yugoslav country for that matter 1540 01:32:52,254 --> 01:32:54,520 just tell them it’s another step towards 1541 01:32:54,545 --> 01:32:57,778 bringing them closer to the European Union. 1542 01:32:58,060 --> 01:33:00,691 The EU, a unique political and economic 1543 01:33:00,716 --> 01:33:02,676 partnership of European countries, 1544 01:33:02,701 --> 01:33:04,559 provides states with an exchange of goods, 1545 01:33:04,582 --> 01:33:06,849 people and ideas on a market that 1546 01:33:06,874 --> 01:33:08,684 includes around a billion inhabitants. 1547 01:33:08,728 --> 01:33:10,715 Apart from the official definition, 1548 01:33:10,740 --> 01:33:12,997 there’s more to it than the eye can see. 1549 01:33:14,755 --> 01:33:18,942 European Union is a project of the elite class in Europe 1550 01:33:19,403 --> 01:33:24,176 that denies the value of the genuine heritage of European 1551 01:33:25,185 --> 01:33:28,207 civilization and seeks to replace it with politically 1552 01:33:28,232 --> 01:33:30,649 correct dictate of the ideology of 1553 01:33:30,674 --> 01:33:33,105 post modernism and post nationalism. 1554 01:33:33,427 --> 01:33:36,137 First, your country has to open its market to EU products 1555 01:33:36,162 --> 01:33:38,575 and sell all its banks, which is like giving 1556 01:33:38,600 --> 01:33:41,004 away your queen and rooks in a game of chess. 1557 01:33:41,044 --> 01:33:43,317 Then, your country’s domestic industry, 1558 01:33:43,342 --> 01:33:44,817 agriculture and money market goes bust, 1559 01:33:44,856 --> 01:33:46,950 which allows foreign companies to get a good 1560 01:33:46,982 --> 01:33:49,418 purchase price on your most valuable assets. 1561 01:33:49,450 --> 01:33:52,228 If we continue the chess analogy, your government 1562 01:33:52,253 --> 01:33:54,474 is playing as a beginner against the EU 1563 01:33:54,528 --> 01:33:56,348 who is ten steps ahead of you. 1564 01:33:56,372 --> 01:33:58,850 You may know how to move the figures, but your opponent 1565 01:33:58,875 --> 01:34:01,995 knows how to draw you to thin ice and get what he wants. 1566 01:34:02,020 --> 01:34:02,770 Check-mate. 1567 01:34:03,442 --> 01:34:04,731 In the Czech Republic, 1568 01:34:04,778 --> 01:34:08,075 the EU forced the sugar industry to close their factories, 1569 01:34:08,106 --> 01:34:10,278 because the EU had too much sugar it 1570 01:34:10,303 --> 01:34:13,229 was importing from Cuba that made them bigger profit. 1571 01:34:13,254 --> 01:34:16,667 Instead, the Czechs got a little gift from the Germans 1572 01:34:16,714 --> 01:34:19,154 their dirty industry which they couldn’t 1573 01:34:19,180 --> 01:34:21,323 keep in Germany due to the Kyoto protocol. 1574 01:34:21,363 --> 01:34:22,113 In Hungary, 1575 01:34:22,182 --> 01:34:25,564 vineyards were first destroyed by French dumping prices, 1576 01:34:25,589 --> 01:34:27,329 which then caused the Hungarians to 1577 01:34:27,354 --> 01:34:29,329 not be able to pay back their loans 1578 01:34:29,354 --> 01:34:30,907 to the banks, and foreigners bought 1579 01:34:30,923 --> 01:34:32,259 their property at low prices. 1580 01:34:32,280 --> 01:34:34,679 This is why the most famous Hungarian vineyars 1581 01:34:34,680 --> 01:34:37,000 such as Tokay, are owned by the English. 1582 01:34:37,963 --> 01:34:41,096 There is no work, says this man, just poverty. 1583 01:34:44,041 --> 01:34:46,710 The situation has become worse since the sugar 1584 01:34:46,720 --> 01:34:49,720 factory nearby Szerencsi closed down last year. 1585 01:34:50,520 --> 01:34:53,440 80 people from Meszozombor lost their jobs. 1586 01:34:54,160 --> 01:34:56,120 The factory’s been torned down. 1587 01:34:56,166 --> 01:34:58,499 I think you can see a pattern here. 1588 01:34:58,814 --> 01:35:02,025 These places like the Balkans and the rest of Eastern Europe 1589 01:35:02,041 --> 01:35:05,108 were not supposed to be colleagues and equals 1590 01:35:05,142 --> 01:35:08,962 in a brotherhood of nations, but rather they were supposed 1591 01:35:08,987 --> 01:35:12,173 to be markets for Western industrial goods. 1592 01:35:12,899 --> 01:35:17,360 They were supposed to be markets for cheap labour. 1593 01:36:00,752 --> 01:36:03,439 Bear in mind it takes a while to join the EU. 1594 01:36:46,524 --> 01:36:49,499 You won’t hear about these things in the media though. 1595 01:36:49,524 --> 01:36:53,477 The European Union spends over 2 billion 1596 01:36:54,196 --> 01:36:58,899 Euros per year for its representation in the media. 1597 01:36:58,985 --> 01:37:01,388 They sponsor shows on television, on 1598 01:37:01,413 --> 01:37:04,009 radios, they sponsor programs and so on. 1599 01:37:04,470 --> 01:37:07,039 They organize conferences, especially 1600 01:37:07,063 --> 01:37:08,796 just for the journalists. 1601 01:37:08,822 --> 01:37:12,961 It’s a massive industry, you hardly ever hear criticism about 1602 01:37:13,032 --> 01:37:15,699 the European Union from the journalists. 1603 01:37:16,016 --> 01:37:17,860 In Serbia there has never been a 1604 01:37:17,885 --> 01:37:19,844 true debate about the European Union 1605 01:37:19,869 --> 01:37:23,250 and any attempt to even initiate such a debate was 1606 01:37:23,292 --> 01:37:25,542 condemned upfront as anti-European 1607 01:37:26,542 --> 01:37:29,959 Those who try to open up such a debate are simply cut off. 1608 01:38:28,209 --> 01:38:29,543 I remember that guy, 1609 01:38:30,876 --> 01:38:34,251 the neoliberal guy from the party G17 , 1610 01:38:35,459 --> 01:38:39,335 he told me Yea but you are criticizing the European Union, 1611 01:38:39,336 --> 01:38:41,459 but hey, you live in European Union, 1612 01:38:41,501 --> 01:38:43,293 Slovenia is doing well in Europe! 1613 01:38:43,334 --> 01:38:45,417 No, it just doesn’t work like this. 1614 01:38:46,042 --> 01:38:48,042 This is a standard propaganda, 1615 01:38:48,334 --> 01:38:49,293 you understand? 1616 01:38:49,334 --> 01:38:52,751 We are not better off because we are in European Union. 1617 01:38:52,797 --> 01:38:53,931 It’s vice versa. 1618 01:38:54,125 --> 01:38:57,541 We are in European Union because we did better off 1619 01:38:57,542 --> 01:38:59,001 than other, for example, 1620 01:38:59,042 --> 01:39:00,960 republics of the former Yugoslavia. 1621 01:39:00,961 --> 01:39:04,418 After the death of Yugoslavia, every single former Yugoslav 1622 01:39:04,459 --> 01:39:07,168 republic wanted to become a member of the EU. 1623 01:39:07,209 --> 01:39:10,459 Slovenia was the first to actually join in 2004, 1624 01:39:10,792 --> 01:39:12,334 but wasn’t dazzled much. 1625 01:39:12,375 --> 01:39:14,834 We are no more a country, 1626 01:39:14,918 --> 01:39:17,502 we are just a region of European Union. 1627 01:39:18,334 --> 01:39:19,751 Why do I claim that? 1628 01:39:21,459 --> 01:39:23,335 We have no monetary policy, 1629 01:39:23,584 --> 01:39:26,126 we have practically no fiscal policy, 1630 01:39:26,209 --> 01:39:28,751 because we are very much restricted with 1631 01:39:28,834 --> 01:39:31,251 the rules of European Union or EU area. 1632 01:39:32,083 --> 01:39:33,625 Are things better off now that 1633 01:39:33,667 --> 01:39:35,209 Slovenia is in the European Union? 1634 01:39:35,250 --> 01:39:36,667 No, I don’t think so. 1635 01:39:36,918 --> 01:39:38,585 I don’t think it’s better 1636 01:39:38,626 --> 01:39:40,666 No, I don’t think so. 1637 01:39:40,667 --> 01:39:43,458 The prices have just doubled, everything 1638 01:39:43,459 --> 01:39:46,043 is more expensive then it used to be. 1639 01:39:46,417 --> 01:39:48,126 The clothes are more expensive 1640 01:39:48,167 --> 01:39:48,751 LAUGHS 1641 01:39:48,834 --> 01:39:51,043 I voted no when we had a referendum 1642 01:39:51,044 --> 01:39:52,709 for joining European Union. 1643 01:40:05,083 --> 01:40:08,542 Basically, if you are part of the European Union, 1644 01:40:08,584 --> 01:40:11,751 you are giving something into the common wallet EU. 1645 01:40:13,042 --> 01:40:15,376 A lot of social rights that we had 1646 01:40:15,417 --> 01:40:17,626 in the past are now being shrinked. 1647 01:40:18,250 --> 01:40:20,792 I believe, and that’s my personal opinion, 1648 01:40:20,834 --> 01:40:23,876 that European Union is more of a corporation than like 1649 01:40:23,918 --> 01:40:26,335 a political establishment that secures human rights. 1650 01:40:46,626 --> 01:40:48,709 Right across the street from Slovenia, 1651 01:40:48,751 --> 01:40:51,543 Croatia was giving up enforcement of the Ecological 1652 01:40:51,584 --> 01:40:53,918 and Fisheries Protection Zone towards EU states, 1653 01:40:53,959 --> 01:40:55,543 as one third of all Italian fishing 1654 01:40:55,544 --> 01:40:57,084 activity came from that zone. 1655 01:40:57,125 --> 01:40:59,459 It also flushed away it’s banking sector. 1656 01:41:15,417 --> 01:41:18,791 On the other hand, people in Serbia find it hard to stop 1657 01:41:18,792 --> 01:41:21,001 trusting everything that comes from the West, 1658 01:41:21,042 --> 01:41:23,417 often readily believing their propaganda 1659 01:41:23,459 --> 01:41:25,168 that the West really loves them, 1660 01:41:25,209 --> 01:41:27,418 and that even when they’re bombing Serbs, 1661 01:41:27,440 --> 01:41:29,440 they’re doing it for the Serbs’ own good. 1662 01:41:29,459 --> 01:41:32,459 I think the situation that we’re in today is the 1663 01:41:32,501 --> 01:41:36,252 result of something that I call predatory capitalism. 1664 01:41:37,250 --> 01:41:39,584 And it really got under way in the 1665 01:41:39,600 --> 01:41:41,440 70s when I was an economic hitman, 1666 01:41:41,501 --> 01:41:44,543 we used predatory capitalism in the third world a lot. 1667 01:41:44,584 --> 01:41:48,126 The first principle is that the only responsibility of 1668 01:41:48,167 --> 01:41:50,834 business is to maximize profit regardless 1669 01:41:50,959 --> 01:41:53,293 of the social and environmental cost. 1670 01:42:13,250 --> 01:42:14,834 As Yugoslavia broke up, 1671 01:42:14,876 --> 01:42:18,502 the federal debt was distributed between the successor states. 1672 01:42:18,526 --> 01:42:20,192 At the end of the 2000s, 1673 01:42:20,250 --> 01:42:23,834 the prosperity everyone was promised clearly kicked in. 1674 01:42:23,876 --> 01:42:26,543 Montenegro, from a debt of 416 million, 1675 01:42:26,584 --> 01:42:30,376 had acquired a debt of 4,7 billion dollars, 1676 01:42:30,918 --> 01:42:35,043 Macedonia had jumped from 890 million to 6,7 billion dollars, 1677 01:42:36,459 --> 01:42:40,251 and Bosnia went from 2,1 billion to 16,5 billion dollars. 1678 01:42:41,959 --> 01:42:46,209 Serbia’s debt increased from 5,5 billion to 38 billion dollars. 1679 01:42:46,751 --> 01:42:51,085 Slovenia from 2,6 billion to a shocking 56,3 billion dollars. 1680 01:42:53,125 --> 01:42:56,167 And Croatia, the absolute debt acquiring winner, jumped 1681 01:42:56,209 --> 01:42:58,960 from 4,6 billion to a dizzying 69 billion dollars. 1682 01:43:02,167 --> 01:43:05,250 In 1988, two years before the breakup of Yugoslavia, 1683 01:43:39,349 --> 01:43:41,013 Heh, Yugoslavs love to say how 1684 01:43:41,038 --> 01:43:42,450 they lived off foreign debt during 1685 01:43:42,475 --> 01:43:45,008 Tito’s Yugoslavia. And now they don’t? 1686 01:44:14,717 --> 01:44:16,856 Okay, so, they were bought by foreigners. 1687 01:44:16,881 --> 01:44:18,548 What’s so bad about that? 1688 01:44:49,188 --> 01:44:52,399 On the other hand, here’s one example of how they robbed 1689 01:44:52,424 --> 01:44:54,305 the reduced Yugoslavia with loans. 1690 01:44:54,336 --> 01:44:56,803 First, they enforced heavy sanctions. 1691 01:45:23,720 --> 01:45:25,560 Miroljub Labus was, by the way, 1692 01:45:25,634 --> 01:45:28,967 a member of G17 , those so called pro-IMF experts. 1693 01:46:04,981 --> 01:46:08,848 In 2008, Croatia earned 9,3 billion dollars from tourism, 1694 01:46:10,598 --> 01:46:13,975 which amounts to some 20% of Croatia’s overall GDP. 1695 01:46:14,077 --> 01:46:16,381 And this would’ve been great, had the 1696 01:46:16,406 --> 01:46:18,249 money actually stayed in Croatia. 1697 01:46:25,732 --> 01:46:28,083 Of those 9,3 billion, Croatia was 1698 01:46:28,108 --> 01:46:30,178 left with small waiter salaries, 1699 01:46:30,217 --> 01:46:33,344 wage taxes, the goods and services tax of 19%, 1700 01:46:33,400 --> 01:46:35,480 and a handful of Euros from restaurants, 1701 01:46:35,505 --> 01:46:37,705 cafés and private accommodation, 1702 01:46:37,718 --> 01:46:40,000 while the profit went to Germany. 1703 01:46:44,134 --> 01:46:46,031 With the macro economic stability 1704 01:46:46,063 --> 01:46:47,305 at stake in all the republics, 1705 01:46:47,337 --> 01:46:49,906 the IMF and World Bank step in to save the day. 1706 01:46:49,931 --> 01:46:51,180 And how to they do it? 1707 01:46:51,251 --> 01:46:53,563 Let’s say the IMF and World Bank give 1708 01:46:53,588 --> 01:46:55,453 you a loan of 300 million dollars, 1709 01:46:55,477 --> 01:46:58,063 to which you have to pay interest of 5,5 to 7%. 1710 01:46:58,088 --> 01:47:00,366 But the money doesn’t go anywhere, no no, 1711 01:47:00,391 --> 01:47:02,178 it stays in big American or German banks, 1712 01:47:02,203 --> 01:47:04,339 as well as the republics foreign exchange 1713 01:47:04,364 --> 01:47:06,804 reserves, to which you get 2 to 2,5 % interest. 1714 01:47:06,843 --> 01:47:08,897 Then, those same banks, with essentially 1715 01:47:08,920 --> 01:47:11,480 the republic’s money,give investment loans to the 1716 01:47:11,531 --> 01:47:13,953 republics through different development funds, 1717 01:47:13,978 --> 01:47:16,046 which again increases their debt that 1718 01:47:16,071 --> 01:47:18,665 they can repay only with fresh new loans. 1719 01:47:19,507 --> 01:47:21,241 Thus, the cycle continues. 1720 01:47:29,313 --> 01:47:31,336 What does this mean to the people? 1721 01:47:31,367 --> 01:47:34,421 If we divide up every country’s debt by it’s population, 1722 01:47:34,446 --> 01:47:37,406 this is how much every citizen would have to pay. 1723 01:47:37,438 --> 01:47:39,047 Yet, many people still think that 1724 01:47:39,072 --> 01:47:40,687 foreign factors want to help them. 1725 01:48:03,632 --> 01:48:06,778 Foreign banks used the desperate state of the Yugoslav 1726 01:48:06,810 --> 01:48:10,295 population for their own gains, sometimes by criminal means. 1727 01:48:34,712 --> 01:48:36,385 The dire situation was made worse 1728 01:48:36,410 --> 01:48:38,276 by the world financial crisis, 1729 01:48:38,323 --> 01:48:40,182 so Croatia looked at what else the 1730 01:48:40,207 --> 01:48:42,237 country had a lot of that it could sell. 1731 01:48:42,276 --> 01:48:44,119 That’s right, islands! 1732 01:48:45,425 --> 01:48:46,674 In 2009, 1733 01:48:46,784 --> 01:48:48,612 Britain’s Independent newspaper 1734 01:48:48,637 --> 01:48:50,619 announced that Croatia wants to sell 1735 01:48:50,682 --> 01:48:53,416 the Brijuni Islands, which is also a national park 1736 01:48:53,441 --> 01:48:56,471 and, located on it, Tito’s luxurious former residence. 1737 01:49:14,378 --> 01:49:16,604 Meanwhile, in the colony of Bosnia, 1738 01:49:16,667 --> 01:49:19,971 the IMF added Article 7 to Bosnia’s new constitution, 1739 01:49:20,011 --> 01:49:21,744 drawn up in Dayton, Ohio. 1740 01:49:21,878 --> 01:49:24,411 They decided that the Governing Board 1741 01:49:24,436 --> 01:49:26,463 of the Central Bank shall consist of 1742 01:49:26,511 --> 01:49:28,339 a Governor appointed by the 1743 01:49:28,363 --> 01:49:30,935 International Monetary Fund and that 1744 01:49:31,612 --> 01:49:34,286 The Governor shall not be a citizen of Bosnia 1745 01:49:34,320 --> 01:49:36,640 and Herzegovina or any neighbouring state 1746 01:49:37,276 --> 01:49:39,228 Therefore, the government does not 1747 01:49:39,253 --> 01:49:41,314 have control of its country’s economy. 1748 01:49:41,393 --> 01:49:43,768 But it wouldn’t be fair to say that all the money 1749 01:49:43,793 --> 01:49:46,354 invested in Bosnia was used to repay its loans. 1750 01:49:46,393 --> 01:49:47,143 Nope, 1751 01:49:47,206 --> 01:49:50,010 a lot of the money did go to the Bosnian people. 1752 01:49:50,089 --> 01:49:53,213 Except that it went to a very few Bosnian people. 1753 01:49:53,245 --> 01:49:54,739 Very… very few. 1754 01:49:55,630 --> 01:49:56,380 In fact, 1755 01:49:56,680 --> 01:49:58,680 according to anti-fraud unit set up by 1756 01:49:58,725 --> 01:50:00,848 the Office of the High Representative, 1757 01:50:00,895 --> 01:50:03,028 one billion dollars disappeared 1758 01:50:03,067 --> 01:50:05,293 from public funds and international 1759 01:50:05,318 --> 01:50:07,384 aid projects from 1995 to 1999. 1760 01:50:07,770 --> 01:50:09,878 Where did all this go, one might ask? 1761 01:50:09,920 --> 01:50:13,040 Well, for example, in the town of Sanski Most, 1762 01:50:13,061 --> 01:50:15,217 money went to a horse racing track, 1763 01:50:15,242 --> 01:50:18,107 rather than developing the economy, infrastructure. 1764 01:50:18,147 --> 01:50:20,459 If you're going to steal public and aid funds, 1765 01:50:20,484 --> 01:50:22,723 you may as well go all out, and gamble it too, 1766 01:50:22,748 --> 01:50:23,731 right? 1767 01:50:23,756 --> 01:50:26,823 The same mayor of this town also gave 450,000 1768 01:50:26,881 --> 01:50:29,548 provided by Saudi Arabia to his brother, 1769 01:50:30,224 --> 01:50:32,374 so the guy can open a new bank. 1770 01:50:33,241 --> 01:50:36,241 He also faces 358 charges of corruption. 1771 01:50:38,092 --> 01:50:39,271 On the other hand, 1772 01:50:39,303 --> 01:50:41,775 Montenegro relied on cigarette smuggling to 1773 01:50:41,800 --> 01:50:44,327 keep the country afloat during the war years. 1774 01:50:44,360 --> 01:50:46,924 It’s leaders, Bulatovic and Djukanovic, claimed 1775 01:50:46,968 --> 01:50:49,614 they never personally benefited from the smuggling. 1776 01:50:49,639 --> 01:50:53,115 Which is really odd, considering that Prime Minister Djukanovic 1777 01:50:53,131 --> 01:50:55,318 was the 20th richest statesmen in the 1778 01:50:55,343 --> 01:50:57,513 world in 2010, more than 3 times richer 1779 01:50:57,520 --> 01:51:00,560 richer than Nicholas Sarkozy and Barack Obama combined. 1780 01:51:01,241 --> 01:51:04,318 Milo Djukanovic has been more successful 1781 01:51:04,343 --> 01:51:06,482 than most in turning his entire 1782 01:51:06,507 --> 01:51:09,578 country into a personal fiefdom operated 1783 01:51:09,600 --> 01:51:12,320 on the basis of cosa nostra principles. 1784 01:51:12,498 --> 01:51:14,969 In fact, I think his personal net worth is 1785 01:51:14,995 --> 01:51:17,522 much greater than the one officially listed, 1786 01:51:18,561 --> 01:51:20,961 that in reality he can claim to own 1787 01:51:20,986 --> 01:51:23,252 everything there is in Montenegro. 1788 01:51:23,756 --> 01:51:26,803 Since these elites couldn’t care less about anyone else 1789 01:51:26,828 --> 01:51:28,959 the people at the bottom of the food 1790 01:51:48,240 --> 01:51:50,720 44 year old Samir was born in Bosnia 1791 01:51:50,789 --> 01:51:54,256 and he is convinced that under these layers of dirt 1792 01:51:55,195 --> 01:51:58,040 is the largest pyramid in the world. 1793 01:51:58,541 --> 01:52:01,111 Many youths realized what was going on and 1794 01:52:01,136 --> 01:52:02,743 started fighting against what their 1795 01:52:02,768 --> 01:52:04,095 countries were being turned into. 1796 01:52:04,160 --> 01:52:06,840 Our band’s name is Beogradski Sindikat, 1797 01:52:07,017 --> 01:52:10,551 which would translate in English like Belgrade Union. 1798 01:52:10,760 --> 01:52:14,385 Belgrade Union is a Serbian rap band famous for it’s critical 1799 01:52:14,410 --> 01:52:17,236 views towards society’s elite and criminal elements. 1800 01:52:28,840 --> 01:52:32,000 Bosko Cirkovic from Belgrade Union explained why not 1801 01:52:32,026 --> 01:52:34,572 many people were taking action against the injustice. 1802 01:52:34,853 --> 01:52:37,064 A lot of young.. 1803 01:52:37,119 --> 01:52:39,653 Serbians and youth of the 1804 01:52:39,678 --> 01:52:42,845 world just think about material stuff and, 1805 01:52:42,870 --> 01:52:46,504 you know, going into politics, they do 1806 01:52:46,585 --> 01:52:49,747 it just to get more material stuff. 1807 01:52:54,419 --> 01:52:58,552 If I was in the same room with the guys running this country, 1808 01:52:59,919 --> 01:53:01,145 and the main guy is my 1809 01:53:01,160 --> 01:53:03,360 ex-high-school psychology teacher. 1810 01:53:03,418 --> 01:53:05,855 I would conduct the real revolution on them. 1811 01:53:17,866 --> 01:53:19,596 How that would turn out, 1812 01:53:19,621 --> 01:53:21,635 I don’t know, but some of us would 1813 01:53:21,660 --> 01:53:23,713 probably not leave the room. 1814 01:54:25,720 --> 01:54:28,360 Dubioza Kolektiv is a Sarajevo-based band 1815 01:54:28,374 --> 01:54:31,093 with a similar message to the one Belgrade Union had. 1816 01:54:31,124 --> 01:54:35,366 As long as people think that their impact on the democratic 1817 01:54:35,421 --> 01:54:40,171 processes ends up when they put the ballot in the box, 1818 01:54:41,680 --> 01:54:43,880 then nothings gonna change, because 1819 01:54:43,960 --> 01:54:46,493 that leaves four years gap to whoever 1820 01:54:46,519 --> 01:54:48,851 is elected to do whatever he wants. 1821 01:55:01,763 --> 01:55:04,629 The ruling elites don’t listen to anybody. 1822 01:55:04,716 --> 01:55:06,325 That’s the thing .. 1823 01:55:07,035 --> 01:55:09,129 they learned the best. 1824 01:55:10,560 --> 01:55:13,684 because They even ignore mass protests 1825 01:55:32,278 --> 01:55:34,608 Sadly, the elite in power, even when the 1826 01:55:34,632 --> 01:55:37,302 majority was against them, still didn’t listen. 1827 01:55:38,204 --> 01:55:42,890 One of my very close and very trusted friends was at a dinner, 1828 01:55:44,640 --> 01:55:45,773 a private dinner 1829 01:55:46,000 --> 01:55:50,080 at which the American Ambassador Cameron Munter was present. 1830 01:55:51,035 --> 01:55:54,059 That dinner was held between the election, 1831 01:55:54,840 --> 01:55:56,418 in which the Radical party, 1832 01:55:56,442 --> 01:55:58,538 which is much more independence 1833 01:55:58,563 --> 01:56:01,266 oriented than the democratic party, 1834 01:56:01,669 --> 01:56:03,668 had apparently won the election, 1835 01:56:03,700 --> 01:56:05,900 had the most votes of any party. 1836 01:56:07,489 --> 01:56:10,215 And we were all expecting that , well, the people have spoken, 1837 01:56:10,240 --> 01:56:11,692 there’s been an election and the biggest party 1838 01:56:11,717 --> 01:56:13,207 is going to form the government. 1839 01:56:13,247 --> 01:56:15,598 And my My friend asked Cameron Munter 1840 01:56:15,700 --> 01:56:16,890 Well, Mr. Munter, 1841 01:56:18,555 --> 01:56:21,445 it seems that your mission here has been a failure. 1842 01:56:22,672 --> 01:56:25,297 The mission to bring Serbia under the 1843 01:56:25,782 --> 01:56:28,133 imperial tutelage. 1844 01:56:29,977 --> 01:56:30,727 He said.. 1845 01:56:31,422 --> 01:56:33,078 I wouldn’t speak so soon... 1846 01:56:33,774 --> 01:56:36,640 In fact, I’d watch the television tomorrow 1847 01:56:37,516 --> 01:56:40,780 and see what the results of the meeting 1848 01:56:40,800 --> 01:56:43,760 between Mr. Tadic and Mr. Dacic are. 1849 01:56:53,237 --> 01:56:56,253 And as the government itself was formed by Washington, 1850 01:56:56,316 --> 01:56:59,315 the policies and laws were also dictated from abroad. 1851 01:56:59,409 --> 01:57:01,681 The U.S. Chamber of Commerce is writing 1852 01:57:01,720 --> 01:57:03,640 laws for the Government of Serbia 1853 01:57:03,792 --> 01:57:06,589 and telling them these are the laws we want you to pass. 1854 01:57:06,636 --> 01:57:08,917 Thus, the former Yugoslav countries 1855 01:57:08,942 --> 01:57:11,057 started becoming NATO member states. 1856 01:57:11,082 --> 01:57:13,096 Do you know what it means to join NATO? 1857 01:57:13,159 --> 01:57:15,135 You have to get rid of all your weapons 1858 01:57:15,160 --> 01:57:16,643 systems which are domestically produced, 1859 01:57:16,667 --> 01:57:19,434 domestically designed, domestically developed, 1860 01:57:19,459 --> 01:57:21,198 designed for your terrain 1861 01:57:21,280 --> 01:57:23,701 to reequip yourself with F16s, F18s, 1862 01:57:23,753 --> 01:57:26,310 F22s, at a cost of hundreds and hundreds and 1863 01:57:26,335 --> 01:57:28,777 hundreds of thousands of dollars per plane. 1864 01:57:31,245 --> 01:57:34,578 And your sons and daughters have to go and fight. 1865 01:57:34,870 --> 01:57:36,471 And where do they want us to fight? 1866 01:57:36,510 --> 01:57:38,564 They want us to put on the night vision goggles 1867 01:57:38,600 --> 01:57:41,280 and go to Afghanistan and kill them dang 1868 01:57:41,320 --> 01:57:43,920 rag-heads, who never did anything to us. 1869 01:57:44,823 --> 01:57:47,729 Profits and military gains were again being acquired 1870 01:57:47,761 --> 01:57:50,065 from these economic and geopolitical colonies. 1871 01:57:50,105 --> 01:57:52,917 The people were completely unaware of what was happening to 1872 01:57:52,964 --> 01:57:56,714 them and thought that they were finally free and independent. 1873 01:57:56,925 --> 01:57:59,684 What happened in Yugoslavia could be considered 1874 01:57:59,709 --> 01:58:01,949 like a classic example of colonization. 1875 01:58:02,027 --> 01:58:05,760 It’s sort of a new flavour, but it’s still colonization. 1876 01:58:06,659 --> 01:58:08,726 Rather than trying to colonize 1877 01:58:08,751 --> 01:58:10,737 the unsettled areas of the world, 1878 01:58:10,753 --> 01:58:13,089 why not just create a mess and fix it. 1879 01:58:13,269 --> 01:58:15,990 Then you basically own a chunk of the world 1880 01:58:16,015 --> 01:58:18,714 which was already developed and consuming. 1881 01:58:19,870 --> 01:58:23,470 They wanted a Yugoslavia whose rich natural resources 1882 01:58:23,511 --> 01:58:26,557 would be at the disposal of multinational corporations, 1883 01:58:26,588 --> 01:58:29,479 whose populations would work at subsistence wages, 1884 01:58:29,527 --> 01:58:31,994 whose economy offered no competition 1885 01:58:32,018 --> 01:58:34,351 with existing capitalist producers, 1886 01:58:34,511 --> 01:58:36,651 only new investment opportunities. 1887 01:58:36,675 --> 01:58:40,104 They wanted a Yugoslavia whose petroleum, engineering, 1888 01:58:40,174 --> 01:58:43,635 mining and automotive industries would be undone and 1889 01:58:43,680 --> 01:58:46,920 deindustrialized and they wanted to abolish 1890 01:58:46,980 --> 01:58:50,713 Yugoslavia’s public sector services and social programs. 1891 01:58:51,050 --> 01:58:52,706 And. they did it. 1892 01:58:53,136 --> 01:58:56,065 Furthermore, the harmony that the people of Yugoslavia 1893 01:58:56,081 --> 01:58:59,057 had been building for the greater good was crushed. 1894 01:58:59,082 --> 01:59:01,714 It is a stereotype that the hatred between the 1895 01:59:01,746 --> 01:59:04,112 populations in Yugoslavia was always there. 1896 01:59:04,144 --> 01:59:06,534 The South Slavs travelled together to arrive 1897 01:59:06,566 --> 01:59:08,464 these lands from the North and found their 1898 01:59:08,489 --> 01:59:10,128 piece of heaven around the 6th century. 1899 01:59:10,159 --> 01:59:13,026 Hatred was later manufactured for greater powers, 1900 01:59:13,051 --> 01:59:15,316 who saw it appropriate to teach the Slavs 1901 01:59:15,341 --> 01:59:17,058 how to be civilized and democratic. 1902 01:59:17,083 --> 01:59:19,831 Consider that for the better part of the 20th century, 1903 01:59:19,863 --> 01:59:21,948 black people weren’t even allowed to sit 1904 01:59:21,973 --> 01:59:23,260 at the front of the bus in the U.S. 1905 01:59:23,285 --> 01:59:25,565 while the Dubrovnik Republic actually 1906 01:59:25,590 --> 01:59:27,518 abolished slavery back in 1642, 1907 01:59:27,956 --> 01:59:29,815 when the U.S. was still a British 1908 01:59:29,840 --> 01:59:31,745 colony and didn’t exist as a country. 1909 01:59:31,995 --> 01:59:34,329 The Western hypocricy was obvious. 1910 01:59:34,774 --> 01:59:36,956 Why would a Croat really hate a Serb, 1911 01:59:36,995 --> 01:59:38,464 or a Serb hate a Muslim? hmm 1912 01:59:38,489 --> 01:59:40,870 Because of what someone somewhere did in who knows when? 1913 01:59:40,902 --> 01:59:43,478 Because of what TV says? Hasn’t history shown that 1914 01:59:43,502 --> 01:59:45,243 these people were in fact able to live together? 1915 01:59:45,259 --> 01:59:47,725 Or is this all irrelevant the moment 1916 01:59:47,750 --> 01:59:49,227 someone starts arguing about who did what 1917 01:59:49,252 --> 01:59:50,625 to whom how many times worse. 1918 02:00:10,164 --> 02:00:13,243 There is no such thing as biological hatred, 1919 02:00:13,274 --> 02:00:16,133 that a certain group is predestined to hate another. 1920 02:00:16,165 --> 02:00:19,832 Anyone who says any different, has an agenda, trust me. 1921 02:00:20,095 --> 02:00:21,430 I know what you’re going to say. 1922 02:00:21,455 --> 02:00:23,212 Boris, all you do is criticize, 1923 02:00:23,228 --> 02:00:25,080 without offering a solution. 1924 02:00:25,105 --> 02:00:26,705 Well, for the solution, 1925 02:00:27,096 --> 02:00:29,103 all you need to do is look at the stories 1926 02:00:29,128 --> 02:00:30,970 of those who said no to this madness, 1927 02:00:31,002 --> 02:00:34,384 who decided to act as human beings during inhuman times. 1928 02:00:52,244 --> 02:00:55,711 Corrupt politicians, army generals or war profiteers 1929 02:00:56,002 --> 02:00:58,431 were to blame for the colonization of Yugoslavia 1930 02:00:58,478 --> 02:01:00,759 just as much as the colonists from the West. 1931 02:01:00,784 --> 02:01:04,564 Nobody could’ve done this to us if we were not as weak as 1932 02:01:04,589 --> 02:01:09,361 we are in defining ourselves and defending our own history 1933 02:01:10,268 --> 02:01:14,845 If we, as a nation, stand up, no one can keep us down. 1934 02:01:16,509 --> 02:01:20,126 There is no cruise missile, there is no imperial power, 1935 02:01:20,158 --> 02:01:22,275 there is no spying network, 1936 02:01:22,307 --> 02:01:25,974 there is no media domination that can crush our people. 1937 02:01:26,189 --> 02:01:28,595 Yugoslavs must become aware that their 1938 02:01:28,620 --> 02:01:30,470 countries are Western colonies, 1939 02:01:30,627 --> 02:01:33,337 victims of rampant and merciless globalization, 1940 02:01:33,393 --> 02:01:36,837 bound by economic, social and political chains. 1941 02:01:37,313 --> 02:01:39,767 If they don’t, the weight of chains 1942 02:01:39,939 --> 02:01:41,806 will slowly get unbearable. 1943 02:01:44,955 --> 02:01:47,759 The land of the South Slavs, whatever you call it, 1944 02:01:47,783 --> 02:01:50,423 has great potential shared by some of the most 1945 02:01:50,449 --> 02:01:52,619 diverse and enigmatic people in the world. 1946 02:01:52,744 --> 02:01:55,245 The East thought they were the West, 1947 02:01:55,270 --> 02:01:57,568 the West considered them the East. 1948 02:01:57,658 --> 02:02:00,923 Some of them misunderstood their place in the clash of currents, 1949 02:02:00,948 --> 02:02:04,494 so outside powers exploited them for centuries. 1950 02:02:06,361 --> 02:02:07,111 Enough. 1951 02:02:07,674 --> 02:02:11,962 MUSIC