1
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"A MAN SIGNED TO DIE"
TWENTY YEARS LATER

2
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It's an underdeveloped country

3
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Underdeveloped, underdeveloped...

4
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April, 1962.

5
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This was filmed when the National
Union of Students convoy

6
00:02:02,768 --> 00:02:07,796
drove around the country to discuss
the university reform.

7
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With them went members of the
students' Popular Culture Center

8
00:02:13,211 --> 00:02:18,274
whose aim was to encourage local
cultural centers in the states.

9
00:02:19,117 --> 00:02:22,746
Images of poverty in contrast with
imperialism

10
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were a typical tendency of the art of
those times.

11
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"Song of Underdevelopment"
is a good example.

12
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As a member of the Center and
responsible for these shots

13
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I have paid my tribute to the
nationalism of those times.

14
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I filmed an oil field

15
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exploited by Petrobras
in Alagoas State.

16
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On April 14th, the students arrived in
Paraiba.

17
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Two weeks before,
Joao Pedro Teixeira,

18
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founder and leader of the Sape
Peasant League, had been murdered.

19
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The day after our arrival a protest
rally against the murder

20
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was held in Sape,
a town 30 miles from the capital.

21
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Elizabeth Teixeira,
Joao Pedro's widow,

22
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attended the rally with
6 of her 11 children.

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The people assembled in front of

24
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the Small Farmers and Farm Workers
Association

25
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known as the Peasant League.

26
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At that time the Sape League
was the largest one

27
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with over 7,000 members.

28
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The league had been registered
3 years before

29
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as a civil corporation in private law.

30
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As rural syndicalism was
a non-existent right

31
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the peasants found in the leagues

32
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the only legal way to channel
their demands.

33
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Elizabeth Teixeira was 37.

34
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Joao Pedro was 44 when he died.

35
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Before the peasants went to the rally

36
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I made my first contact with
Elizabeth.

37
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I had a short talk with
her at the League.

38
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Higher rents, forced labor without
payment

39
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eviction without compensation

40
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the use of violence by big landowners.

41
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In the struggle against all of this

42
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Joao Pedro forged the unity of the
country people.

43
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It was this day that inspired a feature
film on his life.

44
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It would be called
"A Man Signed to Die".

45
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Produced by the Students' Center

46
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and the Pernambuco Popular
Culture Movement

47
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the film would be made on location
with the true characters.

48
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Elizabeth and her children
would play themselves.

49
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SAPE WORKERS HOLD FIRST
PROTEST RALLY

50
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Two years later everything was ready
for filming.

51
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But on January 15th, 1964

52
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there was a skirmish in Sape

53
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among the police and guards from the
sugar-mill

54
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and the peasants.

55
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11 people were killed.

56
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The region was occupied by the
Paraiba Military Police.

57
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So filming was impossible.

58
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The emergency forced me to move the
location

59
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and I found the ideal spot in
Pernambuco State

60
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at the Galilea sugar-mill where a first
league was founded in 1955.

61
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When we arrived there

62
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some 50 kilometers from Recife, the
capital we again prepared for filming.

63
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With the League's permission and
the help of local people

64
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we chose the locations and actors.

65
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On February 26, 1964

66
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when we shot the first take

67
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we had a cast able to give time
to the film.

68
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Now they owned their land,
thanks to a 4 year struggle

69
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that ended in the expropriation of
Galilea.

70
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Joao Mariano,
playing Joao Pedro Teixeira

71
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was not from Galilea.

72
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After being fired from a sugar-mill

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he moved to Vitoria, the nearest town.

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He was a Protestant like Joao Pedro.

75
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We hired him along with
5 of his children.

76
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These shots were to be used

77
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to open the film with the credits.

78
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The original plan to work with
the people involved

79
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now only included Elizabeth as
herself.

80
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She came to Pernambuco with us.

81
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35 days after shooting had begun

82
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on April 1, work was stopped by
the 1964 military coup.

83
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Only 40 per cent of the script had
been shot.

84
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Galilea was raided and its leaders
imprisoned.

85
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Some of our crew were also arrested.

86
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But most fled to Recife and
then to Rio de Janeiro.

87
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Film equipment, negatives, rush print

88
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tapes, scripts and notes...
all were confiscated.

89
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But most of the printed negative
was saved

90
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because it had been sent to
the lab in Rio.

91
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8 stills were also saved by
one of the crew.

92
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2 years later I received
a copy of the script.

93
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It was rescued by a lawyer for
the Paraiba leagues

94
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when she was held in a barracks
in August 1964.

95
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February, 1981.

96
00:08:55,513 --> 00:09:00,883
17 years later I returned to Galilea
to finish the film.

97
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There was no script.

98
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Just the idea to try
and find the people

99
00:09:05,924 --> 00:09:08,916
who had worked on the film before.

100
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I intended to get statements
on the past

101
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including facts linked to
the interruption of the film

102
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the true story of Joao Pedro's life

103
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Sape and Galilea's struggle

104
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and people's experiences
since that time.

105
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Only 2 who started the fight
in Galilea are still alive.

106
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Jose Hortencio da Cruz and
Joao Virginio Silva

107
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who is illiterate,
but a sort of tribal memory.

108
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The first meeting...

109
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It was him...
and his brother-in-law...

110
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his nephew and me.

111
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We got together here, talking...

112
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in this very place.

113
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I told my story and what ideas I had

114
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about founding a society
to take care of the dead.

115
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Because here the dead were buried
in a coffin lent by the mayor.

116
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We took the body to the cemetery
and then the coffin back.

117
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We called the coffin Lolo.

118
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We'd borrow it from the mayor to
bury people.

119
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Galilea was a disused sugar-mill
the land divided into small lots.

120
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There, lived 150 families of tenants

121
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who did subsistence farming.

122
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The owner lived in Recife.

123
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The tenants paid a yearly rent.

124
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Rent increases were also a cause of
the League.

125
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We got together, we had meetings.

126
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We met by the road, by the weir,
in houses. Everywhere.

127
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Then we got to the room
of this lad's father.

128
00:11:17,532 --> 00:11:19,727
A room in old Zeze's house.

129
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Old Zeze gave me the room
so as we could meet.

130
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We put down our aims and the name:

131
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The charitable society for the dead

132
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the Pernambuco Planter's
Agricultural Society.

133
00:11:37,285 --> 00:11:43,383
You couldn't call anything a union
or else you'd be dead.

134
00:11:43,625 --> 00:11:46,594
Jose Francisco de Souza
(Zeze from Galilea)

135
00:11:46,795 --> 00:11:51,823
The respected administrator of
the mill for over 30 years

136
00:11:52,033 --> 00:11:53,933
was elected chairman.

137
00:11:54,135 --> 00:11:57,536
The owner of Galilea evicted all
the tenants

138
00:11:57,806 --> 00:12:01,401
when he realized that the League

139
00:12:01,609 --> 00:12:05,340
had also aims of mutual assistance.

140
00:12:05,547 --> 00:12:10,814
So the people looked for a lawyer to
defend their rights.

141
00:12:11,486 --> 00:12:15,445
That was how I sought justice.

142
00:12:15,657 --> 00:12:19,388
Didn't find it in Victoria,
but in the State Courts.

143
00:12:19,594 --> 00:12:22,119
The Chairman of the Courts gave me
a deputy, Juliao.

144
00:12:22,330 --> 00:12:26,596
He came, took over
and looked after it.

145
00:12:26,935 --> 00:12:30,268
Things were getting better
and people came

146
00:12:30,472 --> 00:12:34,340
who were thrown out of the mills.

147
00:12:34,542 --> 00:12:37,511
They all came for help.
Galilea has a society

148
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for the country workers.

149
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The lawyer's a real tough guy.

150
00:12:45,687 --> 00:12:47,712
So the men came

151
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and we gave them cover.

152
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After 4 years the mill owner gave up.

153
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He made out he was going to sell up.

154
00:13:01,903 --> 00:13:06,272
So we went to the
deputy and he said:

155
00:13:06,474 --> 00:13:10,274
"I'll put it before the Chamber

156
00:13:10,478 --> 00:13:13,811
and we'll see what we
can do about it."

157
00:13:14,015 --> 00:13:18,452
There was a real set-to.
A real hullabaloo.

158
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One shouted they wouldn't
expropriate Galilea

159
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because it would mean

160
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expropriating several Galileas
because

161
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the idea would spread like wildfire
throughout Brazil

162
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and people would get hooked on
the idea.

163
00:13:38,273 --> 00:13:39,831
They'd get organized

164
00:13:40,041 --> 00:13:46,173
and forced the authorities to
purchase other property.

165
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- Yes, fortunately we won.
- Fortunately.

166
00:13:50,418 --> 00:13:53,080
They voted for us.

167
00:14:00,895 --> 00:14:03,955
The expropriation for social reasons

168
00:14:04,165 --> 00:14:06,963
was carried out in December, 1959

169
00:14:07,168 --> 00:14:13,038
by a fair compensation in money
as the Constitution rules.

170
00:14:15,109 --> 00:14:19,739
Galilea became a symbol of the
peasant movement.

171
00:14:19,948 --> 00:14:23,941
But even today the people have not
received the deeds.

172
00:14:38,600 --> 00:14:40,625
After our arrival in Galilea

173
00:14:40,835 --> 00:14:45,465
we showed what film we had to the
mill community

174
00:14:45,673 --> 00:14:48,005
in 1962 and 1964.

175
00:14:48,209 --> 00:14:52,441
The actors were our special guests.

176
00:14:56,184 --> 00:14:59,244
Jose Daniel do Nascimento, 67

177
00:14:59,454 --> 00:15:03,185
moved to Galilea when he was
thrown out of a neighboring mill.

178
00:15:03,391 --> 00:15:07,657
His child had sucked some sugarcane
without permission.

179
00:15:09,864 --> 00:15:12,992
Braz Francisco da Silva, 52

180
00:15:13,201 --> 00:15:15,692
was one of the leaders of
the Galilea struggle.

181
00:15:15,904 --> 00:15:17,599
He doesn't live here anymore.

182
00:15:17,805 --> 00:15:22,105
He had to run away in 1964
and is now rarely seen.

183
00:15:25,013 --> 00:15:28,881
Joao Virginio is greeted by Bia, 56

184
00:15:29,083 --> 00:15:33,417
who left Galilea in 1975
and never returned.

185
00:15:33,621 --> 00:15:37,614
He was a mill watchman,
and now is a quarry watchman.

186
00:15:41,496 --> 00:15:44,659
Joao Mariano Santana da Silva, 59

187
00:15:44,866 --> 00:15:50,031
who played Joao Pedro,
had not been here since 1964.

188
00:15:50,238 --> 00:15:56,905
He meets these people only at
Victoria's fair, where he lives.

189
00:15:57,312 --> 00:16:00,247
He has come with his grandchildren.

190
00:16:03,584 --> 00:16:07,384
Everything was shown
as it had been filmed

191
00:16:07,588 --> 00:16:12,890
out of order, unfinished scenes,
repetitions etc.

192
00:16:14,562 --> 00:16:18,396
Don't talk about him 'cause
he's behind you!

193
00:16:20,335 --> 00:16:25,466
Saturday night was the only time
to get them together.

194
00:16:25,673 --> 00:16:29,370
Some had come a long way,
to see the show.

195
00:16:36,718 --> 00:16:40,085
Mariano... It's him.

196
00:16:40,288 --> 00:16:45,248
- Yes, it's Mariano.
- Isn't? I recognized him.

197
00:16:48,329 --> 00:16:53,767
They reveled in identifying
the characters

198
00:16:53,968 --> 00:16:57,335
17 years younger.

199
00:16:58,306 --> 00:17:02,902
- Gonna fight?
- Yes, now it's the time!

200
00:17:03,678 --> 00:17:07,375
It's a real maven, isn't it?

201
00:17:23,164 --> 00:17:25,189
Ze Daniel still lives in Galilea.

202
00:17:25,566 --> 00:17:31,562
His house was used as the main set:
Joao Pedro's house.

203
00:17:31,773 --> 00:17:33,741
Did you like the film the other day?

204
00:17:33,941 --> 00:17:37,399
- Did you enjoy the movie?
- On Saturday? It was good.

205
00:17:37,612 --> 00:17:38,977
What did you think?

206
00:17:39,180 --> 00:17:42,172
I thought it was very nice,
very interesting.

207
00:17:42,383 --> 00:17:44,442
All I have borne on duty...

208
00:17:44,652 --> 00:17:47,587
- When did you become a protestant?
- I'm a believer...

209
00:17:47,789 --> 00:17:51,088
After the revolution.
Wasn't it on April 1 st?

210
00:17:51,292 --> 00:17:55,695
On May 25th I gave myself to Jesus.

211
00:17:55,963 --> 00:17:59,490
- What are you? Baptist?
- The Assembly of God.

212
00:18:02,937 --> 00:18:06,429
Look at Braz!

213
00:18:14,315 --> 00:18:16,545
You remember when we made the film?

214
00:18:16,751 --> 00:18:19,618
I remember well.
We had such a good time...

215
00:18:19,821 --> 00:18:22,619
- What did you think?
- It was really good.

216
00:18:22,824 --> 00:18:25,952
But I missed the sound.

217
00:18:26,160 --> 00:18:30,790
Braz Francisco da Silva is the
only prosperous one.

218
00:18:31,032 --> 00:18:34,297
On his 10 acre farm
he grows vegetables

219
00:18:34,502 --> 00:18:36,595
which he sells in Recife.

220
00:18:36,804 --> 00:18:39,068
6 of his children live in Sao Paulo

221
00:18:39,273 --> 00:18:41,969
and 3 people help him.

222
00:18:42,176 --> 00:18:48,012
Working since he was 8,
now he is tired and wants to sell.

223
00:18:48,216 --> 00:18:50,980
I want to sell up.

224
00:18:52,420 --> 00:18:54,479
If anyone shows up...
Want to buy it?

225
00:18:54,689 --> 00:18:57,852
Who? Me?
How much are you asking?

226
00:18:58,025 --> 00:19:00,994
For around 3 million I'll sell.

227
00:19:01,195 --> 00:19:03,959
For 3 million cruzeiros up.

228
00:19:05,032 --> 00:19:07,933
Braz, known by his
neighbors as Joao

229
00:19:08,136 --> 00:19:11,003
fled from Galilea in 1964
and changed his name

230
00:19:11,205 --> 00:19:13,105
to avoid persecution.

231
00:19:13,307 --> 00:19:15,207
Braz is disillusioned with
political activity

232
00:19:15,409 --> 00:19:20,039
and no longer likes Galilea or
remembering the past.

233
00:19:22,650 --> 00:19:25,016
It's Cicero!

234
00:19:27,989 --> 00:19:30,787
Look! Cicero Anastacio!

235
00:19:33,995 --> 00:19:38,261
He's down south and
we're seeing him here!

236
00:19:40,168 --> 00:19:42,762
Limeira, Sao Paulo State.

237
00:19:42,970 --> 00:19:45,063
Cicero Anastacio da Silva.

238
00:19:45,273 --> 00:19:51,075
- When did you start here?
- May 5th, last year.

239
00:19:51,279 --> 00:19:53,975
- What do you do?
- Iron rolling.

240
00:19:54,182 --> 00:19:58,812
- Why did you move south?
- I was employed there,

241
00:19:59,020 --> 00:20:01,648
but I lost my job and
was 6 months unemployed.

242
00:20:01,856 --> 00:20:04,825
I moved south last year, in March.

243
00:20:05,026 --> 00:20:08,359
Are you happy here?
Have you got used to it?

244
00:20:08,563 --> 00:20:10,827
Up to now I'm satisfied.

245
00:20:11,032 --> 00:20:15,093
No one get mad at me,
not even the boss.

246
00:20:15,303 --> 00:20:19,933
No one says anything against me.
Not so far.

247
00:20:20,141 --> 00:20:23,338
- Don't you want to come back?
- I'd like to.

248
00:20:23,544 --> 00:20:25,569
I'd like to very much.

249
00:20:25,780 --> 00:20:29,307
It's very cold here.
The wife can't abide it.

250
00:20:29,517 --> 00:20:32,953
I only haven't sent her back
because I can't.

251
00:20:33,354 --> 00:20:36,687
I had my home and
friends in the north.

252
00:20:36,891 --> 00:20:38,051
We had our causes

253
00:20:38,259 --> 00:20:42,593
our movement, we used to talk about,
decide what to do.

254
00:20:42,797 --> 00:20:47,063
We used to talk.
But here I have no one.

255
00:20:47,301 --> 00:20:51,067
Only thing I did was buy
a TV to watch.

256
00:20:51,272 --> 00:20:53,706
I like to watch the news

257
00:20:53,908 --> 00:20:56,103
to know what's going on.

258
00:20:56,310 --> 00:20:58,244
That's all I like to watch.

259
00:21:01,983 --> 00:21:05,612
The only actor from Galilea who
could read and write

260
00:21:05,820 --> 00:21:09,187
Cicero was also a production
assistant.

261
00:21:09,724 --> 00:21:11,885
What do you remember of the film?

262
00:21:12,093 --> 00:21:14,926
What do I remember?
I remember

263
00:21:15,129 --> 00:21:19,361
the scene I did roofing that house.

264
00:21:19,567 --> 00:21:23,059
The other asked me, and I answered:

265
00:21:23,271 --> 00:21:27,298
"Dried meat's so expensive.
How can we live?"

266
00:21:27,708 --> 00:21:33,613
I picked up a roof tile and
passed it up to the roof.

267
00:21:33,814 --> 00:21:37,614
Roofing the house and asking me...

268
00:21:37,818 --> 00:21:38,944
Then I answered:

269
00:21:39,153 --> 00:21:43,920
"Dried meat's so expensive.
How can we live?"

270
00:21:53,968 --> 00:21:56,596
Did you think we'd be back
to finish the film?

271
00:21:56,804 --> 00:22:02,208
I always hoped you
would come back.

272
00:22:02,410 --> 00:22:04,901
I used to think about it.
My mother was still alive.

273
00:22:05,112 --> 00:22:10,311
"My son, that time will never come."
I'd say: "Stop it, Mom...

274
00:22:10,518 --> 00:22:13,214
You only don't see
those who are dead.

275
00:22:13,421 --> 00:22:16,515
Those who are alive, you see."

276
00:22:20,661 --> 00:22:25,189
- Elizabeth Teixeira, right?
- So it is! Look at her!

277
00:22:28,669 --> 00:22:32,400
Although they had not seen her
since 1964

278
00:22:32,606 --> 00:22:35,507
the participants in the film recognized
her at once.

279
00:22:35,810 --> 00:22:38,870
Elizabeth had disappeared 17 years
before.

280
00:22:39,080 --> 00:22:42,846
Not even her family or her old friends
in the League

281
00:22:43,050 --> 00:22:45,678
knew where she had gone.

282
00:22:45,886 --> 00:22:49,822
Her eldest son, Abraham,
was the only one who knew.

283
00:22:50,024 --> 00:22:53,551
I went to find Abraham in Patos,
Paraiba State

284
00:22:53,761 --> 00:22:55,820
where he is a journalist.

285
00:22:56,030 --> 00:23:00,592
After making many demands,
he agreed to take the film crew

286
00:23:00,801 --> 00:23:03,201
to his mother's house.

287
00:23:04,171 --> 00:23:08,130
We went to the border and entered
Rio Grande do Norte State

288
00:23:08,342 --> 00:23:13,211
still not knowing where
we were being taken.

289
00:23:13,414 --> 00:23:17,350
After 4 hours of very bad roads

290
00:23:17,551 --> 00:23:22,511
we glimpsed a village near the
Piranhas River.

291
00:23:22,723 --> 00:23:25,692
It was Sao Rafael, a good hideout.

292
00:23:25,893 --> 00:23:31,195
480 miles from Sape and
over 800 from Galilea.

293
00:23:31,399 --> 00:23:35,836
The town has only 3,000 people
and no television.

294
00:23:36,370 --> 00:23:39,339
Elizabeth lived there with her son,
Carlos

295
00:23:39,540 --> 00:23:41,940
the only one she had brought with her.

296
00:23:42,143 --> 00:23:46,011
She had changed her name to
Marta Maria da Costa.

297
00:23:55,723 --> 00:23:58,283
Elizabeth wasn't expecting me.

298
00:23:58,492 --> 00:24:04,021
I began by showing her the stills
that remained from the film.

299
00:24:22,650 --> 00:24:26,051
- How did you get this?
- This is what was saved.

300
00:24:26,253 --> 00:24:32,317
The photographer hid them and so,
saved them.

301
00:24:32,526 --> 00:24:35,654
I'm surprised.

302
00:24:36,063 --> 00:24:40,727
I thought they had hidden everything.

303
00:24:41,001 --> 00:24:44,528
They got the originals
but not the copy.

304
00:24:44,738 --> 00:24:48,230
I mean: The original was in Rio.
They got the copy in...

305
00:24:48,442 --> 00:24:53,209
Ma, acknowledge President
Figueiredo's liberalization.

306
00:24:54,548 --> 00:24:57,915
- Yes. President Figueiredo...
- We're here thanks to him.

307
00:24:58,118 --> 00:25:03,249
Thanks to him I'm
here with you now.

308
00:25:03,457 --> 00:25:10,124
The only government that deserves
all our dignity... right?

309
00:25:10,631 --> 00:25:16,729
For having given the right for
political prisoners

310
00:25:16,937 --> 00:25:23,103
outside Brazil to come back
to their families.

311
00:25:23,811 --> 00:25:26,974
Today, here I am

312
00:25:27,181 --> 00:25:32,141
with my son, meeting you,
Coutinho, again.

313
00:25:32,353 --> 00:25:37,120
I never expected to see you today
in my house.

314
00:25:37,324 --> 00:25:41,954
And who do we have to thank?

315
00:25:43,430 --> 00:25:48,527
I had no hope left

316
00:25:49,003 --> 00:25:53,030
of ever meeting even
my children again.

317
00:25:53,240 --> 00:25:56,573
I was afraid.
I've suffered a lot.

318
00:25:56,777 --> 00:26:02,374
You'll bear witness to that.
I suffered a lot.

319
00:26:02,583 --> 00:26:05,643
I was persecuted a lot.

320
00:26:05,853 --> 00:26:11,485
They wanted to... to exterminate me.

321
00:26:15,896 --> 00:26:19,627
- Have you been here long?
- 16 years.

322
00:26:19,833 --> 00:26:23,291
You came here 16 years ago?

323
00:26:24,004 --> 00:26:28,873
After the movement
I had to run away here.

324
00:26:29,076 --> 00:26:34,776
It was pretty difficult.
Everyone was after me.

325
00:26:34,982 --> 00:26:36,916
I couldn't stay in Recife.

326
00:26:37,184 --> 00:26:41,245
Things got better when I came here.

327
00:26:41,455 --> 00:26:45,687
I hid.
No one knew who I was.

328
00:26:45,893 --> 00:26:50,887
Nobody here knew who I was.
Now they know.

329
00:26:51,098 --> 00:26:54,727
You all know.
When I came here

330
00:26:54,935 --> 00:26:59,167
I wasn't going to say I had children.
To some people

331
00:26:59,373 --> 00:27:06,006
I said I had children and my husband
had been killed.

332
00:27:06,213 --> 00:27:11,549
But before I kept quiet.
I said nothing.

333
00:27:13,787 --> 00:27:17,518
But, thank God,
here I am now telling the story.

334
00:27:17,725 --> 00:27:24,392
And Joao Pedro and
Pedro the farmer... these...

335
00:27:29,570 --> 00:27:33,973
Ma, I don't want to influence you...

336
00:27:34,174 --> 00:27:36,768
But all regimes are the same...

337
00:27:37,311 --> 00:27:41,748
if you don't have political protection.

338
00:27:41,949 --> 00:27:46,113
They are all rustic,

339
00:27:46,320 --> 00:27:49,551
violent, arbitrary

340
00:27:49,757 --> 00:27:53,056
dependending on
your economic situation.

341
00:27:53,260 --> 00:27:56,991
All factions forgot Elizabeth Teixeira

342
00:27:57,264 --> 00:28:00,893
simply because she had no power.

343
00:28:01,101 --> 00:28:03,399
This is her eldest son's protest.

344
00:28:03,604 --> 00:28:10,237
This film must record
my vehement objection...

345
00:28:10,978 --> 00:28:14,880
something for which my mother's
heart lacks

346
00:28:15,082 --> 00:28:18,381
intellectual and expressive capacity.

347
00:28:18,585 --> 00:28:22,146
I'll record everything
the family wants to say.

348
00:28:22,356 --> 00:28:28,124
I want you to record our rejection to
all systems.

349
00:28:28,328 --> 00:28:31,195
It will be recorded.
I guarantee it.

350
00:28:31,432 --> 00:28:34,094
- No system helps the poor.
- None.

351
00:28:41,875 --> 00:28:44,002
I was thin, in black.

352
00:28:44,745 --> 00:28:48,010
That same night
we showed Elizabeth

353
00:28:48,215 --> 00:28:53,380
her two sons and
her neighbors the films from the past.

354
00:28:53,854 --> 00:28:56,823
Elizabeth planting peanuts!

355
00:29:03,363 --> 00:29:06,594
Abraham watched without interfering.

356
00:29:11,038 --> 00:29:14,667
That one plays my husband.

357
00:29:18,312 --> 00:29:21,577
The boys are happy!

358
00:29:23,050 --> 00:29:25,075
Ah, my God...

359
00:29:26,220 --> 00:29:30,122
No. That's the family
who plays that part!

360
00:29:33,260 --> 00:29:37,822
Our arrival for the second day
of filming with Elizabeth.

361
00:29:38,098 --> 00:29:40,066
In all, it was 3 days.

362
00:29:40,267 --> 00:29:44,067
On the first Abraham made his
presence felt

363
00:29:44,271 --> 00:29:48,503
especially at the beginning.
He didn't come for the rest.

364
00:29:48,709 --> 00:29:53,510
Elizabeth told her life story
in two stages:

365
00:29:53,714 --> 00:29:56,410
With and without Abraham.

366
00:29:56,617 --> 00:30:00,246
In the living-room
and in the backyard.

367
00:30:01,188 --> 00:30:03,213
Is Elizabeth in?

368
00:30:03,423 --> 00:30:05,482
Come here, Elizabeth.

369
00:30:05,692 --> 00:30:08,183
How's the class going?

370
00:30:08,395 --> 00:30:11,523
- The class is here. We're...
- Everything all right?

371
00:30:11,732 --> 00:30:12,858
Is it good?

372
00:30:13,066 --> 00:30:16,729
Not many kids yet.
Today's the first day. They'll know

373
00:30:16,937 --> 00:30:21,670
who the teachers are. Less kids came
today. Want to come in?

374
00:30:21,875 --> 00:30:23,342
Come on in.

375
00:30:23,544 --> 00:30:25,944
Let's see if the light's good enough.

376
00:30:26,146 --> 00:30:28,478
Right. How are things in the city?

377
00:30:28,682 --> 00:30:31,879
Last night I laid thinking in bed.

378
00:30:32,085 --> 00:30:37,546
I spoke bad yesterday.
But I was upset.

379
00:30:42,162 --> 00:30:45,620
I should have started like you wanted.

380
00:30:45,833 --> 00:30:48,131
From the beginning.
How we met and got married

381
00:30:48,335 --> 00:30:52,396
and moved to Jaboatao.
Should have waited for today.

382
00:30:52,606 --> 00:30:56,975
We'll do it again today.
Got a yard here?

383
00:30:57,177 --> 00:31:01,910
Yes. Come in and have a look.

384
00:31:03,951 --> 00:31:06,943
Elizabeth had only
the elementary school

385
00:31:07,154 --> 00:31:12,251
and was teaching some children
to read and write.

386
00:31:12,626 --> 00:31:14,992
You remember what year
you got married?

387
00:31:15,195 --> 00:31:20,223
The year... 1942.

388
00:31:21,268 --> 00:31:25,170
How did you meet
Joao Pedro Teixeira?

389
00:31:25,372 --> 00:31:31,140
I met him in my father's store.
He was buying there.

390
00:31:32,779 --> 00:31:36,237
We started courting

391
00:31:36,450 --> 00:31:41,649
and eventually we got married.

392
00:31:42,389 --> 00:31:45,051
- Was your father against it?
- Yes, he was.

393
00:31:45,259 --> 00:31:48,456
Was it true you had to run away?

394
00:31:48,662 --> 00:31:50,220
What was that all about?

395
00:31:50,430 --> 00:31:55,732
I eloped. My father never
agreed to the marriage.

396
00:31:56,536 --> 00:31:58,504
I eloped.

397
00:31:58,705 --> 00:32:01,139
And so you went to the Massangana
sugar mill?

398
00:32:01,341 --> 00:32:04,174
- Joao Pedro went to work there?
- Yes.

399
00:32:04,378 --> 00:32:07,211
- What did he do?
- He worked in the quarry.

400
00:32:07,414 --> 00:32:09,644
- He worked in the quarry.
- On the sugar mill land.

401
00:32:09,850 --> 00:32:15,083
- When did you go to Cavaleiro?
- That was in 1945.

402
00:32:15,289 --> 00:32:20,693
It was no good, so we moved and
he worked in a quarry...

403
00:32:20,894 --> 00:32:24,193
in the outskirts of Recife.

404
00:32:25,165 --> 00:32:28,157
Joao Pedro became friends
with Manoel Serafim.

405
00:32:28,368 --> 00:32:31,235
They were neighbors.
They went to the same church

406
00:32:31,438 --> 00:32:36,432
and worked together.
Manoel still lives and works there.

407
00:32:36,643 --> 00:32:41,410
In Cavaleiro, Jaboatao,
in greater Recife.

408
00:32:41,648 --> 00:32:44,913
He was not very dark

409
00:32:45,118 --> 00:32:51,250
with wild curly hair... yes, rather wild.

410
00:32:51,458 --> 00:32:55,622
He had rather wiry hair.

411
00:32:57,431 --> 00:32:59,661
He was built kind of...

412
00:32:59,866 --> 00:33:04,269
He was big built.
His face was sort of wide...

413
00:33:04,471 --> 00:33:06,939
A round face with a forehead

414
00:33:07,140 --> 00:33:11,600
that shows these people are good,
you know.

415
00:33:11,812 --> 00:33:14,144
A person you can rely on.

416
00:33:14,348 --> 00:33:19,081
A high forehead, without being bald.

417
00:33:19,286 --> 00:33:20,275
Was he lively?

418
00:33:20,487 --> 00:33:25,618
He was big built.
Maybe stronger than him.

419
00:33:25,826 --> 00:33:27,760
Muscular... muscular arms.

420
00:33:28,328 --> 00:33:31,092
We lived in Recife.

421
00:33:31,865 --> 00:33:35,733
He began his political life in Recife.

422
00:33:35,936 --> 00:33:40,066
He took part in workers' unions...

423
00:33:40,273 --> 00:33:41,900
- At the quarry?
- At the quarry.

424
00:33:42,109 --> 00:33:44,134
Workers at the quarry.

425
00:33:44,611 --> 00:33:48,775
In Cavaleiro he already had those
ideas of his.

426
00:33:48,982 --> 00:33:52,509
His idea of always being on the
workers' side.

427
00:33:52,719 --> 00:33:54,186
Of working for the worker.

428
00:33:54,388 --> 00:33:58,916
Fighting for the Union and workers'
demands.

429
00:33:59,126 --> 00:34:02,254
So they stopped giving him work.

430
00:34:02,462 --> 00:34:04,930
They started clamping down.

431
00:34:05,132 --> 00:34:08,033
He left to Paraiba

432
00:34:08,235 --> 00:34:12,228
to be chairman of the League.

433
00:34:12,939 --> 00:34:14,600
So I said to him:

434
00:34:14,808 --> 00:34:19,211
"There's dangerous people there.

435
00:34:19,413 --> 00:34:20,880
You'll come to a bad end."

436
00:34:21,081 --> 00:34:25,074
And he said: "I don't want to die...

437
00:34:25,285 --> 00:34:30,814
But I'm not afraid to get shot for
such things.

438
00:34:31,191 --> 00:34:32,954
It can happen.

439
00:34:33,160 --> 00:34:35,685
I could get shot.

440
00:34:35,929 --> 00:34:41,231
But it's better than dying of
starvation."

441
00:34:41,501 --> 00:34:44,902
So Daddy sent for us

442
00:34:45,105 --> 00:34:51,203
and Joao Pedro tried to set up the
League.

443
00:34:51,411 --> 00:34:55,142
He organized the peasant's league
in 1958.

444
00:34:55,682 --> 00:35:00,142
1958, 1959, 1960...

445
00:35:00,353 --> 00:35:05,518
1961, 1962, and then he was killed.

446
00:35:08,495 --> 00:35:10,690
What was the farm like?
Was it your father's?

447
00:35:10,897 --> 00:35:15,061
The farm we lived on was Daddy's.

448
00:35:15,268 --> 00:35:19,864
- How big was it?
- I don't know how many acres.

449
00:35:20,073 --> 00:35:22,371
- Was it small?
- It was small.

450
00:35:22,809 --> 00:35:27,872
- Could Joao Pedro write?
- Yes. Read and write. A bit.

451
00:35:28,715 --> 00:35:31,411
Was he a Protestant
when you got married?

452
00:35:31,618 --> 00:35:33,347
- He became one later?
- Later.

453
00:35:33,553 --> 00:35:39,219
- In Jaboatao?
- Yes. He got into it there.

454
00:35:39,426 --> 00:35:42,156
He spent a lot of time at it.

455
00:35:42,362 --> 00:35:45,661
Then he threw himself into politics.

456
00:35:45,866 --> 00:35:49,233
He concentrated on the leagues and
left the church.

457
00:35:49,436 --> 00:35:53,338
Until one day, when he was arrested
by the Army...

458
00:35:53,540 --> 00:35:59,479
they asked him questions from
the Bible and he answered.

459
00:35:59,813 --> 00:36:05,752
"So you are a true Protestant.
You answer everything I'm asking."

460
00:36:05,952 --> 00:36:08,045
- You stayed Catholic all the time?
- Yes.

461
00:36:08,255 --> 00:36:10,223
- Never fought over religion?
- Not once.

462
00:36:10,423 --> 00:36:13,517
He accepted it.
He would say

463
00:36:13,727 --> 00:36:16,025
he wouldn't baptize the children.

464
00:36:16,229 --> 00:36:20,723
They'd be pagans.
I accepted it. No problem.

465
00:36:21,902 --> 00:36:26,202
He worked on the farm.
He lived and worked on the farm.

466
00:36:26,540 --> 00:36:31,375
Only in his free time on Saturdays
and Sundays

467
00:36:31,578 --> 00:36:36,038
would he go out, or they'd come here

468
00:36:36,249 --> 00:36:39,412
to discuss things

469
00:36:39,619 --> 00:36:43,214
and he'd ask them
how they were surviving.

470
00:36:43,523 --> 00:36:48,654
Others came to tell him
they had been thrown off

471
00:36:48,862 --> 00:36:53,458
that the owner had evicted them
out of hand.

472
00:36:53,667 --> 00:36:57,797
He'd say, "Friends, we must unite.

473
00:36:58,004 --> 00:37:03,067
United we can put an end to this
style.

474
00:37:03,276 --> 00:37:07,508
That the owners can take our fields,
but unless we unite.

475
00:37:07,714 --> 00:37:12,549
They'll keep on doing it."

476
00:37:13,420 --> 00:37:19,984
Market day was meeting day.
He'd call the people.

477
00:37:20,493 --> 00:37:24,554
I stayed in the League,
stamping cards,

478
00:37:24,764 --> 00:37:30,293
signing them, asked who wanted to
join, the payments...

479
00:37:49,422 --> 00:37:51,686
In this sequence of
"A Man Signed to Die"

480
00:37:51,891 --> 00:37:53,984
a group of peasants led
by Joao Pedro

481
00:37:54,194 --> 00:37:57,857
were discussing rent increases
with the administrator.

482
00:37:58,064 --> 00:38:00,794
The dialogue was created by the
actors

483
00:38:01,001 --> 00:38:04,198
through an improvisation
before filming.

484
00:38:04,404 --> 00:38:06,872
What's all this about?

485
00:38:07,073 --> 00:38:10,509
You shouldn't have come in a convoy.

486
00:38:10,710 --> 00:38:14,874
When you come to pay,
let just one come. It looks bad.

487
00:38:16,683 --> 00:38:20,016
I'll change your housing situation.

488
00:38:20,220 --> 00:38:22,085
You're very close to one another.

489
00:38:22,289 --> 00:38:25,190
We pay right but
you want to put it up.

490
00:38:25,458 --> 00:38:30,361
You're the leader, Joao Pedro.
These ideas of yours!

491
00:38:31,031 --> 00:38:32,430
He's not the leader.

492
00:38:32,632 --> 00:38:37,592
But according to the agreement
he can make a reasonable appeal.

493
00:38:37,804 --> 00:38:40,967
We have no choice in the matter.

494
00:38:41,174 --> 00:38:44,871
Look, I'm very upset with
you about all this.

495
00:38:45,111 --> 00:38:47,375
You're upset?

496
00:38:48,748 --> 00:38:51,581
You shouldn't be.

497
00:38:51,785 --> 00:38:56,347
I bury your sons and put your wives
in hospital.

498
00:38:56,556 --> 00:38:58,319
You have everything you need.

499
00:38:58,525 --> 00:39:01,050
You need a stronger argument
than that.

500
00:39:01,261 --> 00:39:05,721
You don't think.
You don't seem to have any sense.

501
00:39:05,932 --> 00:39:08,924
You're half-witted and get in the way.

502
00:39:09,135 --> 00:39:11,126
- I want to settle this!
- Mill owners don't die

503
00:39:11,338 --> 00:39:14,671
and administrators don't die.
Only peasants die.

504
00:39:14,874 --> 00:39:19,174
We don't want a fight with you,
but we can't pay.

505
00:39:21,681 --> 00:39:25,378
You know you're mine and I'm yours.

506
00:39:25,585 --> 00:39:29,077
I want you to be satisfied.

507
00:39:29,289 --> 00:39:33,191
I don't want a fight.
The land is all ours.

508
00:39:33,393 --> 00:39:36,885
But I won't sign this idea
of no rent increase.

509
00:39:37,097 --> 00:39:41,898
I can only sign when the boss gets
back from town in a week.

510
00:39:42,102 --> 00:39:44,764
I have my orders.

511
00:39:45,271 --> 00:39:47,603
We can wait a week, can't we?

512
00:39:47,807 --> 00:39:52,039
According to what his answer is,
then we'll decide.

513
00:39:53,279 --> 00:39:57,181
Let's think about it.
Life is sweet.

514
00:39:57,384 --> 00:40:03,220
Go back home. Talk about it and
forget it. We're together.

515
00:40:03,423 --> 00:40:07,917
Next week we'll be back
to hear his answer.

516
00:40:16,636 --> 00:40:21,596
The day will come when you won't be
able to keep on doing this.

517
00:40:21,908 --> 00:40:23,637
So your father argued with
Joao Pedro?

518
00:40:23,843 --> 00:40:26,676
- Yes.
- They didn't see each other?

519
00:40:26,880 --> 00:40:29,576
Dad said he wanted to take the land.

520
00:40:29,783 --> 00:40:32,377
Take what wasn't his.

521
00:40:32,585 --> 00:40:35,554
I explained but Dad said it wasn't
right.

522
00:40:35,755 --> 00:40:39,350
And Dad really fought with him.

523
00:40:39,559 --> 00:40:41,686
We had some cattle at home.

524
00:40:41,895 --> 00:40:47,060
Dad had sent it there to look
after the milking.

525
00:40:47,400 --> 00:40:50,130
Dad had it sent away.

526
00:40:50,336 --> 00:40:55,330
He sold the farm to Antonio Vitor

527
00:40:55,542 --> 00:40:57,271
so we had to go away.

528
00:40:57,477 --> 00:41:02,073
Dad said: "Get some land and
go live there."

529
00:41:05,118 --> 00:41:07,609
It was all very unfair there.

530
00:41:07,821 --> 00:41:09,152
What was unfair?

531
00:41:09,355 --> 00:41:15,294
They used to kill the country workers.

532
00:41:15,495 --> 00:41:18,896
They were thrown out
without any rights.

533
00:41:19,098 --> 00:41:24,126
People got persecuted.

534
00:41:24,337 --> 00:41:28,671
You couldn't even go out to work.

535
00:41:28,875 --> 00:41:32,333
You were persecuted, saw people die

536
00:41:32,545 --> 00:41:38,006
and families abandoned in the fields

537
00:41:38,218 --> 00:41:42,120
while they took over the plantations.

538
00:41:44,491 --> 00:41:48,894
I met Alfredo at the League.
He was a member.

539
00:41:49,095 --> 00:41:53,794
He was a fighter and very
long-suffering.

540
00:41:54,000 --> 00:41:59,097
Pedro Ramos put pressure on him.

541
00:41:59,305 --> 00:42:02,604
Until one day, in the fields

542
00:42:02,809 --> 00:42:06,540
he met the landowner's hired thugs

543
00:42:06,746 --> 00:42:10,273
who attacked and killed him.

544
00:42:19,859 --> 00:42:23,056
When they threw stones at the door
you sang, right?

545
00:42:23,263 --> 00:42:27,700
They banged on the door
and called for Joao Pedro to open up.

546
00:42:27,901 --> 00:42:31,530
They said the lawyer
was waiting for him.

547
00:42:31,738 --> 00:42:34,036
Do you remember the song you sang?

548
00:42:34,240 --> 00:42:36,640
- Yes, I remember.
- What was it like?

549
00:42:58,898 --> 00:43:00,889
Lady, why is your
Baby a-crying?

550
00:43:01,100 --> 00:43:03,898
He's full up and a-crying
'cause he wants his milk

551
00:43:13,580 --> 00:43:15,639
Lady, why is your
Baby a-crying?

552
00:43:15,848 --> 00:43:19,875
He's full up and a-crying
'cause he wants a smack

553
00:43:42,308 --> 00:43:46,608
He was arrested several times.

554
00:43:48,548 --> 00:43:50,675
And he got misattentive...

555
00:43:50,883 --> 00:43:53,113
One day when I was teaching the kids

556
00:43:53,319 --> 00:43:57,278
he sat outside on the porch,
bare-chested.

557
00:43:57,490 --> 00:44:00,653
Several policemen arrived.

558
00:44:01,327 --> 00:44:03,727
Several policemen.

559
00:44:03,930 --> 00:44:08,128
There was no time.
They got him.

560
00:44:08,334 --> 00:44:13,169
They took him off,
bare-chested and all.

561
00:44:15,942 --> 00:44:18,137
He believed in the struggle.

562
00:44:18,344 --> 00:44:22,872
The big landowners offered him money.

563
00:44:23,082 --> 00:44:26,142
So he would give up the fight.

564
00:44:26,352 --> 00:44:31,187
They would give him another...
any way of surviving.

565
00:44:31,958 --> 00:44:35,519
I remember this day and night.

566
00:44:35,728 --> 00:44:39,220
What he suffered and never gave in.

567
00:44:39,432 --> 00:44:42,299
He never came home and said:

568
00:44:42,702 --> 00:44:48,072
"Elizabeth, I regret it."
That, never!

569
00:44:48,274 --> 00:44:51,710
He was as solid as a rock.

570
00:44:51,911 --> 00:44:55,711
He said: "I'm planning
a meeting for Saturday."

571
00:44:55,915 --> 00:44:59,112
I said: "It's not possible.

572
00:44:59,318 --> 00:45:00,842
To prepare the meeting."
He said:

573
00:45:01,054 --> 00:45:04,046
"I will."
I said: "Count me in."

574
00:45:04,257 --> 00:45:08,921
He got a jeep and
went around the farms

575
00:45:09,128 --> 00:45:14,088
and that day we had our biggest
protest rally.

576
00:45:15,802 --> 00:45:20,262
He believed the big landowners
would kill him.

577
00:45:21,007 --> 00:45:23,771
One day I called him:

578
00:45:23,976 --> 00:45:28,276
"Joao Pedro, let's leave the State.

579
00:45:28,481 --> 00:45:32,383
We can't go on.
It's too difficult.

580
00:45:33,052 --> 00:45:36,180
People say that

581
00:45:36,389 --> 00:45:41,827
the landowners are thinking on
killing you.

582
00:45:42,028 --> 00:45:44,997
They say the day you're killed.

583
00:45:45,198 --> 00:45:49,157
They'll cut your ear off
and make a drink of it.

584
00:45:49,368 --> 00:45:52,235
That can't be.
Let's leave

585
00:45:52,438 --> 00:45:56,238
and go down south."

586
00:45:56,442 --> 00:45:59,502
He looked at me and said:

587
00:46:00,346 --> 00:46:05,374
"You and the kids are here.

588
00:46:05,618 --> 00:46:09,577
You've got the pictures
as a souvenir.

589
00:46:09,789 --> 00:46:13,987
But I ain't gonna chicken out.

590
00:46:14,193 --> 00:46:17,026
I'm positive they're gonna kill me.

591
00:46:17,230 --> 00:46:21,633
I can see hate in their faces.

592
00:46:22,802 --> 00:46:28,172
Wherever I go they're grouching.

593
00:46:28,374 --> 00:46:32,572
I can see their wrath.

594
00:46:33,713 --> 00:46:37,149
I know I've had it.

595
00:46:37,350 --> 00:46:40,410
They're gonna kill me sure as eggs.

596
00:46:40,620 --> 00:46:44,021
Now, I'll tell you something:

597
00:46:44,223 --> 00:46:48,523
They'll do it cowardly."

598
00:46:48,761 --> 00:46:55,257
COUNTRY FAMILY
THREATENED

599
00:46:59,105 --> 00:47:02,700
It was on April 2nd... a Monday...

600
00:47:02,942 --> 00:47:06,036
He was going to make a deal
with the lawyer

601
00:47:06,245 --> 00:47:11,842
about the land we lived on

602
00:47:12,051 --> 00:47:17,421
and about which we
disagreed with the owner.

603
00:47:17,623 --> 00:47:23,994
He'd been called by the lawyer
and was going to pick up

604
00:47:24,197 --> 00:47:28,463
the eldest boy's books at the
same time. He started high school.

605
00:47:28,668 --> 00:47:33,401
He brought my books, did he?

606
00:47:33,606 --> 00:47:36,404
You're a real teacher to me,

607
00:47:36,609 --> 00:47:40,943
and you are a school.
This is, for me

608
00:47:41,147 --> 00:47:46,050
my strength, my reason for living

609
00:47:46,252 --> 00:47:48,584
being able to talk to Mr Coutinho

610
00:47:48,788 --> 00:47:51,882
fighting with him over
100,000 cruzeiros

611
00:47:52,091 --> 00:47:55,527
over 50,000, 10,000,
20,000, 100,000.

612
00:47:55,728 --> 00:48:00,825
I could fight for 10 million
if necessary.

613
00:48:01,734 --> 00:48:05,636
Why? Not only was my
father a saint

614
00:48:05,838 --> 00:48:09,433
but I have a mother...
Well, you can see...

615
00:48:09,642 --> 00:48:13,100
Forgive the interruption.
Go on.

616
00:48:14,313 --> 00:48:19,615
When he was killed on
the Cafe do Vento road

617
00:48:19,852 --> 00:48:25,882
they even shot up the books
he was carrying.

618
00:48:26,092 --> 00:48:29,061
They were covered in blood.

619
00:48:39,071 --> 00:48:43,872
He was smoking when he was shot.

620
00:48:44,076 --> 00:48:48,513
About 8 o'clock,
the papers had the news.

621
00:48:48,714 --> 00:48:52,150
A big report on him.

622
00:48:52,451 --> 00:48:55,284
Everyone bought it.

623
00:48:55,488 --> 00:48:57,422
And it said:

624
00:48:57,623 --> 00:49:02,720
"Chairman of the Paraiba
League shot."

625
00:49:02,929 --> 00:49:07,366
And his name was there like an
important person's.

626
00:49:07,633 --> 00:49:11,899
And we all felt so sad.

627
00:49:12,104 --> 00:49:17,804
As if the sun had stopped.
And that cold serenity...

628
00:49:18,010 --> 00:49:22,071
the sadness of snatching a life and
leaving emptiness

629
00:49:22,281 --> 00:49:27,344
without joy, that everyone felt.

630
00:49:29,155 --> 00:49:32,852
You only heard of his death next day.
Why?

631
00:49:33,059 --> 00:49:36,051
The reasons...

632
00:49:37,363 --> 00:49:43,529
I think the landowners
tried to cover it up.

633
00:49:43,936 --> 00:49:47,337
And our friends, I think...

634
00:49:47,540 --> 00:49:54,070
when they heard, they also didn't...

635
00:49:54,280 --> 00:49:59,308
didn't have the courage
to come and tell me.

636
00:49:59,518 --> 00:50:01,076
How did you react?

637
00:50:01,287 --> 00:50:05,849
- Did you go wild?
- That's it.

638
00:50:06,559 --> 00:50:11,053
I could hardly believe it.

639
00:50:11,263 --> 00:50:15,700
I went to the town where he was

640
00:50:15,901 --> 00:50:19,234
together with Abraham.

641
00:50:19,939 --> 00:50:23,568
We walked, and got transport
half-way.

642
00:50:24,977 --> 00:50:29,812
I went to the morgue where he was,
dead.

643
00:50:31,217 --> 00:50:35,449
He was riddled with bullet wounds.
Horrible.

644
00:50:35,654 --> 00:50:38,555
So sad.

645
00:50:40,893 --> 00:50:46,695
His ear was still full of mud

646
00:50:46,966 --> 00:50:51,869
and there was a pool of blood
on the floor.

647
00:50:58,044 --> 00:51:00,069
The criminals were never punished?

648
00:51:00,279 --> 00:51:04,875
There was no punishment.

649
00:51:18,564 --> 00:51:21,829
Joao Pedro Teixeira was ambushed
and killed...

650
00:51:22,034 --> 00:51:24,867
on April 2nd, 1962

651
00:51:25,071 --> 00:51:29,735
by two soldiers of the Military Police.
Another participant

652
00:51:29,942 --> 00:51:35,938
was a cowhand from landowner
Agnaldo Veloso Borges's ranch.

653
00:51:36,615 --> 00:51:40,415
AGNALDO MAKES STATEMENT
TO ENQUIRY COMMITTEE

654
00:51:40,619 --> 00:51:44,180
The judge in Sape ordered
Agnaldo's arrest

655
00:51:44,390 --> 00:51:47,359
as one of the instigators
of the crime.

656
00:51:47,560 --> 00:51:53,226
But he got off by taking a chair
on the Legislative Assembly.

657
00:51:53,432 --> 00:51:55,332
Agnaldo was the fifth vice-deputy.

658
00:51:55,534 --> 00:52:02,098
One deputy and 4 vices resigned to
allow him into office.

659
00:52:07,613 --> 00:52:09,945
In March, 1965

660
00:52:10,149 --> 00:52:12,617
the 2 policemen who killed
Joao Pedro

661
00:52:12,818 --> 00:52:16,982
were unanimously acquitted
by the jury.

662
00:52:28,100 --> 00:52:33,128
The film started an hour ago
and everyone's attentive.

663
00:52:33,339 --> 00:52:37,173
Joao Virginio and his wife...
Braz... Bia...

664
00:52:37,510 --> 00:52:42,607
Ze Daniel... Joao Mariano...

665
00:52:44,416 --> 00:52:50,548
Joao Mariano was the only one
who was not politically active.

666
00:52:50,756 --> 00:52:55,420
When we asked him to do the film
we told him who Joao Pedro was.

667
00:52:55,628 --> 00:53:00,065
He accepted at once because
he had been thrown out of a mill

668
00:53:00,266 --> 00:53:02,063
and was unemployed.

669
00:53:02,268 --> 00:53:06,762
He gradually began to identify
with the part.

670
00:53:09,041 --> 00:53:13,034
He is leader of a Baptist church
in Victoria.

671
00:53:13,245 --> 00:53:17,011
I interviewed him by surprise
the day after the film.

672
00:53:17,216 --> 00:53:20,151
Well, you see...

673
00:53:20,352 --> 00:53:24,152
I don't take part

674
00:53:24,356 --> 00:53:26,381
in certain movements.

675
00:53:26,592 --> 00:53:31,996
I got into this movement 16 years ago,
for instance

676
00:53:32,198 --> 00:53:37,602
through the mill where
this movement arrived.

677
00:53:37,803 --> 00:53:42,536
Just a minute.
There's too much wind. Cut.

678
00:53:46,111 --> 00:53:51,139
Start again.
What you said was perfect.

679
00:53:56,422 --> 00:54:02,622
Don't worry, Mariano.
Tell us how you live.

680
00:54:07,032 --> 00:54:09,899
OK, Mr Mariano?

681
00:54:20,379 --> 00:54:21,368
OK, Mr Mariano?

682
00:54:21,580 --> 00:54:26,381
I think you know all about it.
I didn't want to be involved.

683
00:54:26,585 --> 00:54:31,284
I was at the mill,
because of the league and so on.

684
00:54:31,490 --> 00:54:36,518
I left the mill to avoid getting mixed
up in it all.

685
00:54:36,729 --> 00:54:39,994
When I got to the town,
you came looking for me.

686
00:54:40,199 --> 00:54:42,929
So I took on this...
let's say... career

687
00:54:43,168 --> 00:54:45,193
without knowing what I was doing.

688
00:54:45,404 --> 00:54:51,274
Then I realized
it was all about property

689
00:54:51,477 --> 00:54:53,411
land, and so on.
Because I don't need land.

690
00:54:53,612 --> 00:55:00,176
I've got my bit.
I live without meddling with A or B.

691
00:55:00,519 --> 00:55:04,046
But when you came...
you were so nice to me...

692
00:55:04,256 --> 00:55:10,923
I was interested in the work,
not for this revolution business.

693
00:55:11,196 --> 00:55:12,857
And that's that.

694
00:55:13,065 --> 00:55:16,262
That had nothing to do with it.
Tell me...

695
00:55:16,468 --> 00:55:18,629
How do you live now?

696
00:55:18,837 --> 00:55:22,102
Off my own bat.
I have no mill boss over me.

697
00:55:22,308 --> 00:55:25,402
And I want nothing
to do with them, either.

698
00:55:25,611 --> 00:55:27,272
That's my life.

699
00:55:27,479 --> 00:55:30,141
Were you a Protestant at that time?

700
00:55:30,349 --> 00:55:34,843
Yes. That's why
the church rejected me.

701
00:55:35,054 --> 00:55:37,545
I was excluded from it.
I was very upset.

702
00:55:37,756 --> 00:55:40,589
That's why I don't want to
go on with it.

703
00:55:40,793 --> 00:55:43,023
I can believe you're recording
what I'm saying

704
00:55:43,228 --> 00:55:47,562
but you can see from
my face that I'm not

705
00:55:47,766 --> 00:55:50,826
that dedicated to this movement.

706
00:55:51,937 --> 00:55:53,871
How long have you been a Protestant?

707
00:55:54,073 --> 00:55:55,870
- 28 years.
- The Baptist Church?

708
00:55:56,075 --> 00:55:57,872
Yes, sir.

709
00:56:02,348 --> 00:56:04,748
Once bitten, twice shy.

710
00:56:04,950 --> 00:56:08,750
I was once disappointed.
Why would I be again?

711
00:56:08,954 --> 00:56:09,943
Why were you so disappointed?

712
00:56:10,155 --> 00:56:13,886
Because the church wouldn't support
the movement.

713
00:56:14,093 --> 00:56:17,859
I don't want revolution.
Just peace and quiet.

714
00:56:18,063 --> 00:56:22,466
Everyone to their own life.
Let sleeping dogs lie.

715
00:56:22,668 --> 00:56:25,034
That's how it is.

716
00:56:25,938 --> 00:56:28,668
- You sell a few things at home?
- Waste of time!

717
00:56:28,874 --> 00:56:31,240
You weren't harmed by
making the film, were you?

718
00:56:31,443 --> 00:56:33,240
No, not harmed.

719
00:56:33,445 --> 00:56:36,209
Except by the mill owner.

720
00:56:36,415 --> 00:56:41,011
In the revolution he was after
me and wanted to kill me.

721
00:56:41,220 --> 00:56:42,380
Because of a case in 1963?

722
00:56:42,588 --> 00:56:46,490
Because they compensated
me at the mill...

723
00:56:46,692 --> 00:56:50,458
Not because of the film.
I wasn't called by anyone.

724
00:56:50,662 --> 00:56:53,654
I wasn't disappointed.
Only by the church.

725
00:56:59,638 --> 00:57:01,868
Did you enjoy seeing
yourself on the film?

726
00:57:02,074 --> 00:57:06,602
I enjoyed it, yes. You do, don't you?
I mean the fruits of your work.

727
00:57:06,812 --> 00:57:10,976
I live by my work.
My part was natural, wasn't it?

728
00:57:11,183 --> 00:57:14,710
Not something to harm A or B.

729
00:57:14,920 --> 00:57:19,550
So I enjoyed it because
I saw the fruits of my work.

730
00:57:36,575 --> 00:57:42,138
Elizabeth went to the south, 20 days
after her husband was killed.

731
00:57:42,347 --> 00:57:45,043
On May 5th, 1962, in Brasilia

732
00:57:45,250 --> 00:57:49,812
she spoke to the parliamentary
commission on agrarian affairs.

733
00:57:50,022 --> 00:57:53,355
I had to go to Rio

734
00:57:53,559 --> 00:57:57,086
to take part in the
Enquiry Commission.

735
00:57:57,296 --> 00:58:00,493
When I arrived in Rio

736
00:58:00,732 --> 00:58:02,461
I went on to Brasilia.

737
00:58:02,668 --> 00:58:09,039
There, the Deputies and the President

738
00:58:09,241 --> 00:58:15,908
thought I had to take Joao Pedro's
place to support my children

739
00:58:16,648 --> 00:58:23,144
and to boost the League.

740
00:58:23,355 --> 00:58:26,586
I was the widow of the leader.

741
00:58:26,792 --> 00:58:32,025
I went on. I said I would take over
even if I died.

742
00:58:32,231 --> 00:58:34,096
Even if I died.

743
00:58:34,299 --> 00:58:37,791
So I took over and worked at it.

744
00:58:38,003 --> 00:58:44,374
In my fight I protested against
Joao Pedro's assassination

745
00:58:45,077 --> 00:58:49,343
and that of all his colleagues
who had died.

746
00:58:50,115 --> 00:58:53,482
I was arrested.

747
00:58:53,685 --> 00:58:58,179
Not by one,
or two or three policemen.

748
00:58:58,423 --> 00:59:01,085
They shot at my feet.

749
00:59:02,060 --> 00:59:03,425
They shot at my feet.

750
00:59:03,629 --> 00:59:08,464
Even so, I didn't stop
but got into the car.

751
00:59:08,667 --> 00:59:15,334
When I got there, they asked me
some stupid questions.

752
00:59:15,741 --> 00:59:20,110
They asked me how I got on with
things overseas. Rubbish!

753
00:59:23,782 --> 00:59:28,913
That was probably Elizabeth's
last rally.

754
00:59:31,123 --> 00:59:35,423
The rally took place at the beginning
of 1964.

755
00:59:35,627 --> 00:59:40,155
To celebrate the founding
of the Rural Union of Taipu,

756
00:59:40,365 --> 00:59:42,390
near Sape.

757
00:59:43,402 --> 00:59:45,996
In answer to the peasant movement

758
00:59:46,204 --> 00:59:51,198
the Government encouraged rural
unionization.

759
01:00:00,586 --> 01:00:04,818
2 weeks after this demonstration there
was the conflict near Sape

760
01:00:05,023 --> 01:00:09,460
which didn't allow filming in the area.

761
01:00:15,334 --> 01:00:18,667
A month later, in February 1964

762
01:00:18,870 --> 01:00:23,239
Elizabeth came to Pernambuco for the
filming in Galilea.

763
01:00:24,142 --> 01:00:27,168
SAPE WITH GOD FOR
DEMOCRACY

764
01:00:27,379 --> 01:00:32,009
THE FAMILY MARCH IN AREIA,
PIANCO AND UIRAUNA

765
01:00:32,217 --> 01:00:37,052
GUARABIRA HOLDS FAMILY MARCH
FOR GOD AND FREEDOM

766
01:00:37,255 --> 01:00:42,056
JOAO PESSOA IN MARCH FOR
GOD AND FREEDOM

767
01:00:42,260 --> 01:00:47,061
MARCH TO RECIFE DRAWS
200,000 PEOPLE

768
01:00:49,368 --> 01:00:53,304
These were the last scenes filmed

769
01:00:53,505 --> 01:00:57,805
on March 31 st, 1964.

770
01:00:58,143 --> 01:01:01,635
It was when Joao Pedro
gathered the peasants

771
01:01:01,847 --> 01:01:05,044
to discuss the formation of the
Sape League.

772
01:01:05,250 --> 01:01:08,481
Three shots only were filmed.

773
01:01:08,687 --> 01:01:12,214
First, when Elizabeth served coffee.

774
01:01:14,393 --> 01:01:19,353
Then, when she hears a noise outside
and goes to see.

775
01:01:21,867 --> 01:01:25,769
The last is when
she comes back and says:

776
01:01:25,971 --> 01:01:27,734
"There are people out there."

777
01:01:27,939 --> 01:01:30,840
- There are people out there!
- There are people out there!

778
01:01:31,043 --> 01:01:33,637
- There are people out there!
- There are people out there!

779
01:01:33,912 --> 01:01:35,379
There are people out there!

780
01:01:35,580 --> 01:01:38,549
- And then?
- March 31 st, huh?

781
01:01:38,750 --> 01:01:44,313
March 31 st and here we are
surrounded by the Army.

782
01:01:44,556 --> 01:01:48,925
Not from Pernambuco,
but the Army from Paraiba.

783
01:01:49,127 --> 01:01:52,790
No one knew any soldiers here.

784
01:01:53,832 --> 01:01:58,565
They walked in. Not by car.
They all walked in.

785
01:01:59,237 --> 01:02:05,335
Everybody ran.
There were soldiers everywhere.

786
01:02:05,944 --> 01:02:10,347
Just looking for 3 people:
Joao Virginio, Zeze and Rosario.

787
01:02:10,549 --> 01:02:12,881
They only wanted those 3.

788
01:02:13,118 --> 01:02:15,052
And the film people,
but didn't get them.

789
01:02:15,253 --> 01:02:19,053
That's who they most wanted,
the film people.

790
01:02:19,257 --> 01:02:22,693
- And your father's house?
- It was over there.

791
01:02:22,894 --> 01:02:25,590
The house was over there.

792
01:02:25,797 --> 01:02:30,666
It isn't there anymore.
Very old.

793
01:02:31,036 --> 01:02:34,995
We built in again someplace else.

794
01:02:35,207 --> 01:02:39,166
Ze Daniel's house was
Joao Pedro's in the film.

795
01:02:39,377 --> 01:02:42,346
The film equipment was kept there.

796
01:02:43,215 --> 01:02:48,619
I went through, the wood up there

797
01:02:48,820 --> 01:02:51,448
and I shouted to Daniel's son:

798
01:02:51,723 --> 01:02:55,750
"Duda! Tell them they're coming!

799
01:02:55,961 --> 01:02:59,089
The troops are all coming behind.

800
01:02:59,297 --> 01:03:01,026
They're nearly there."

801
01:03:01,233 --> 01:03:04,532
Duda was playing football,
but came up...

802
01:03:04,803 --> 01:03:06,100
and gave the message.
You left.

803
01:03:06,304 --> 01:03:10,434
I walked over but
they weren't coming.

804
01:03:10,642 --> 01:03:14,271
When I got there,
you were climbing the hills.

805
01:03:14,479 --> 01:03:18,142
The film crew had already gone.

806
01:03:18,350 --> 01:03:22,047
They were hiding in the wood
behind that hill.

807
01:03:23,188 --> 01:03:28,717
The troops arrived.
When I looked from up there

808
01:03:28,927 --> 01:03:32,294
I saw 3 Army trucks.

809
01:03:32,497 --> 01:03:35,330
About 8 at night.

810
01:03:37,669 --> 01:03:41,036
I heard thuds coming from inside.

811
01:03:41,239 --> 01:03:47,337
The Army were ransacking everything
in the house.

812
01:03:47,546 --> 01:03:49,537
Turning it upside down.

813
01:03:49,748 --> 01:03:55,709
They took the mattresses off
the beds... It was a mess.

814
01:03:56,755 --> 01:04:01,920
The big keg where we kept the flour

815
01:04:02,127 --> 01:04:06,860
had been thrown outside through the
kitchen door.

816
01:04:07,065 --> 01:04:10,296
A pan of manioc we were cooking
for dinner...

817
01:04:10,502 --> 01:04:13,801
they threw out into the yard.

818
01:04:14,072 --> 01:04:18,805
They broke our bags and cases...
my sister's case...

819
01:04:19,010 --> 01:04:24,243
They took the generator,
and the spot lights.

820
01:04:24,449 --> 01:04:28,681
They took all the machinery,
all the material.

821
01:04:28,920 --> 01:04:31,252
SUBVERSIVE MATERIAL
APPREHENDED

822
01:04:31,456 --> 01:04:33,788
ARMED FORCES' EXCLUSIVE ARMS

823
01:04:33,992 --> 01:04:36,324
FILMS TO TRAIN PEASANTS
IN SUBVERSION

824
01:04:36,528 --> 01:04:38,496
REFLECTORS

825
01:04:38,697 --> 01:04:40,927
ALL APPREHENDED BY
THE ARMY IN GALILEA MILL.

826
01:04:41,132 --> 01:04:44,590
This front-page picture from
the "Di�rio de Pernambuco"

827
01:04:44,803 --> 01:04:49,866
shows cans of films, tripods,
reflectors, a megaphone...

828
01:04:50,075 --> 01:04:53,101
Normal film equipment.

829
01:04:54,045 --> 01:04:57,708
It was in Galilea that the Army
apprehended material

830
01:04:57,916 --> 01:05:02,012
from the largest subversive
communist group in Pernambuco

831
01:05:02,220 --> 01:05:07,385
abandoned by left-wing leaders
with the women and children.

832
01:05:07,626 --> 01:05:10,322
In a typical peasant hovel

833
01:05:10,528 --> 01:05:15,363
highly subversive material
was found, set up

834
01:05:15,567 --> 01:05:18,934
by international left-wing groups,
protected by

835
01:05:19,137 --> 01:05:22,197
the last State government.

836
01:05:23,108 --> 01:05:27,238
There was a powerful generator

837
01:05:27,445 --> 01:05:32,508
for expensive cinema projectors.

838
01:05:33,451 --> 01:05:36,978
Among many others, the film taken

839
01:05:37,188 --> 01:05:41,625
the week of the coup was
"Signals of Death".

840
01:05:42,260 --> 01:05:46,993
It showed how the peasants should
react in cold blood

841
01:05:47,198 --> 01:05:53,865
with no sense of guilt or remorse
when shooting was necessary

842
01:05:54,072 --> 01:05:57,872
or decapitation or other forms
of elimination

843
01:05:58,076 --> 01:06:02,911
inflicted on "reactionary"
prisoners in battle

844
01:06:03,114 --> 01:06:05,776
or taken to Galilea.

845
01:06:05,984 --> 01:06:11,354
Meanwhile, a sociologist who
wishes to remain anonymous

846
01:06:11,556 --> 01:06:16,459
drew up a plan to be used
in the case of the mill

847
01:06:16,661 --> 01:06:23,260
to help in the moral and social
recovery of the sub-race

848
01:06:23,468 --> 01:06:27,302
to which the communists tried to
reduce these peasants.

849
01:06:27,939 --> 01:06:31,340
Ze Daniel took us to a hideout.

850
01:06:31,543 --> 01:06:35,377
At night the troops went back
to Victoria.

851
01:06:35,680 --> 01:06:39,639
We were all together in the wood

852
01:06:39,851 --> 01:06:44,618
and later the kids arrived shouting.

853
01:06:45,123 --> 01:06:48,490
"Dad... Oh, Dad! Dad!"

854
01:06:48,693 --> 01:06:50,991
I wanted to go.

855
01:06:53,932 --> 01:06:57,800
"Don't go there, no."
I wanted to go.

856
01:06:58,003 --> 01:07:01,234
"Come and have coffee.
They've gone."

857
01:07:01,439 --> 01:07:03,373
Old Ze Feliciano said:

858
01:07:03,575 --> 01:07:08,638
"Ze Daniel, come home.
They've gone. Have some coffee."

859
01:07:08,847 --> 01:07:12,442
- I wanted to go.
- Didn't you answer?

860
01:07:12,650 --> 01:07:18,418
Because Coutinho was there saying:
"Don't go. No. Don't go."

861
01:07:18,623 --> 01:07:19,647
I wanted to...

862
01:07:19,858 --> 01:07:21,951
We were worried the Army
might still be there.

863
01:07:22,160 --> 01:07:24,219
Might have been there still.

864
01:07:24,662 --> 01:07:28,428
We left the wood early with Elizabeth

865
01:07:28,633 --> 01:07:30,999
and said goodbye to the people.

866
01:07:31,269 --> 01:07:36,070
We split into groups of 3 and
got onto the Recife road

867
01:07:36,274 --> 01:07:38,071
a few miles further on.

868
01:07:38,276 --> 01:07:41,768
We all took separate buses

869
01:07:41,980 --> 01:07:44,972
and managed to get to Recife.

870
01:07:45,183 --> 01:07:48,016
We only later found out
that 5 crew members

871
01:07:48,219 --> 01:07:52,280
who wanted to stay in Victoria,
had been arrested.

872
01:07:53,291 --> 01:07:56,727
The Army went back to Galilea soon
afterwards.

873
01:07:56,928 --> 01:08:01,490
The same day, April 3rd,
Ze Daniel gave himself up.

874
01:08:01,699 --> 01:08:06,398
I gave myself up.
At first I said to him:

875
01:08:06,604 --> 01:08:11,405
"I beg you by your mother's milk,

876
01:08:11,609 --> 01:08:15,101
for the love of Jesus Christ
our Savior...

877
01:08:15,313 --> 01:08:19,374
If you can see any reason
why I be arrested

878
01:08:19,584 --> 01:08:23,577
or beaten, or shot 2, 3 or 4 times,
if I can stand it."

879
01:08:23,788 --> 01:08:25,847
He said: "You're scared
to be a prisoner." I said yes.

880
01:08:26,057 --> 01:08:29,288
That's why I respect man,
woman and child.

881
01:08:29,494 --> 01:08:32,224
So I can be respected too
as a poor old man.

882
01:08:32,430 --> 01:08:36,867
I'm weak, thank God.

883
01:08:37,168 --> 01:08:42,299
I live by my respect and want to die
respected and in honor.

884
01:08:42,507 --> 01:08:46,204
I heard you'd called me.
I want to die at home.

885
01:08:46,411 --> 01:08:48,345
But not be in jail and beaten.

886
01:08:48,546 --> 01:08:54,109
If that's it, I'll face anything
but not give myself up.

887
01:08:55,653 --> 01:09:00,147
Sergeant Saraiva says: "Tell me
where the guns are, Ze Daniel."

888
01:09:00,358 --> 01:09:03,589
Well, says I, "There's that gun
you took from home

889
01:09:03,795 --> 01:09:07,287
and others, shotguns
to hunt fowl to eat

890
01:09:07,499 --> 01:09:08,989
and these are the guns in Galilea."

891
01:09:09,200 --> 01:09:14,263
"No, Daniel. The machine-guns."
"I never seen one. I heard of.

892
01:09:14,472 --> 01:09:17,839
I see one now in your hands.
I wanted to see one."

893
01:09:18,676 --> 01:09:23,045
We hid the film camera
with Daniel's help

894
01:09:23,248 --> 01:09:26,046
in a sort of cave in the wilds.

895
01:09:26,284 --> 01:09:30,152
It was the last piece of equipment
found by the Army.

896
01:09:31,156 --> 01:09:34,182
- Under that rock there.
- Go on down...

897
01:09:37,195 --> 01:09:42,360
- Can you tell where it was?
- Under that rock there.

898
01:09:43,868 --> 01:09:49,329
- What was under it?
- The film machine, under the rock.

899
01:09:49,541 --> 01:09:54,535
He asked. I didn't want to say,
but I said: "We'll see."

900
01:09:54,746 --> 01:09:58,409
I didn't want to say what I knew.

901
01:09:58,616 --> 01:09:59,913
We came down.

902
01:10:00,118 --> 01:10:04,953
I said, "I think they came down here",
but I didn't say I'd put it...

903
01:10:05,156 --> 01:10:08,182
We got there... I saw the slope

904
01:10:08,393 --> 01:10:12,659
and I spotted the camera.
I said: "Look over there!"

905
01:10:12,864 --> 01:10:15,230
So they got hold of the camera.

906
01:10:15,433 --> 01:10:19,995
Then he started up shouting:
"Look what I've found!"

907
01:10:20,505 --> 01:10:25,841
Joao Jose, Daniel's son
was 20 at the time.

908
01:10:26,211 --> 01:10:30,580
The only thing I managed to keep

909
01:10:31,082 --> 01:10:36,281
were 2 books left on the table.
The Army took everything else.

910
01:10:36,487 --> 01:10:40,821
I always keep my books in this case.

911
01:10:42,093 --> 01:10:45,927
History of a Manuscript -
Kaputt.

912
01:10:46,130 --> 01:10:48,325
"Every morning

913
01:10:48,533 --> 01:10:50,694
I'd sit in the garden

914
01:10:50,902 --> 01:10:54,201
under an acacia tree

915
01:10:54,405 --> 01:10:57,636
and get down to work.

916
01:10:57,842 --> 01:11:01,710
If any of the SS militia

917
01:11:03,848 --> 01:11:08,876
came near the garden,

918
01:11:09,087 --> 01:11:13,046
the peasant would warn me
by a cough."

919
01:11:13,258 --> 01:11:17,718
So, when the troops arrived,
the other would warn him.

920
01:11:17,929 --> 01:11:20,625
And the Army wouldn't get him.
He'd escape.

921
01:11:20,832 --> 01:11:23,130
The story of your film is like that.

922
01:11:23,334 --> 01:11:29,068
"When I had to go to the front

923
01:11:29,841 --> 01:11:36,440
I entrusted the manuscript Kaputt to
my friend Roman Suchena

924
01:11:36,781 --> 01:11:42,549
who had hidden it in the pigpen wall.

925
01:11:42,854 --> 01:11:49,521
I will always be grateful to the
peasant Roman Suchena

926
01:11:49,727 --> 01:11:55,063
and his daughter-in-law
for helping me

927
01:11:55,266 --> 01:12:01,330
to save my manuscript from the hands
of the Gestapo."

928
01:12:01,539 --> 01:12:04,702
You associate that book
with the film, right?

929
01:12:04,909 --> 01:12:07,537
One of you left it here.

930
01:12:07,745 --> 01:12:11,181
- Whose book is it?
- It was left on the table.

931
01:12:11,382 --> 01:12:15,443
- How many years have you had it.
- 17 years. And this one.

932
01:12:15,653 --> 01:12:19,817
It's got Fernando Duarte written in it.

933
01:12:20,024 --> 01:12:22,322
- I think he was that thin man.
- The photographer.

934
01:12:22,527 --> 01:12:25,587
Must be.
I said it was the film people's.

935
01:12:25,797 --> 01:12:30,496
One was about films and things too.

936
01:12:31,235 --> 01:12:34,762
The Army Captain wanted this one
because it was about

937
01:12:34,972 --> 01:12:37,463
the World War and Russia or
something.

938
01:12:37,675 --> 01:12:42,442
But I said: "It was mine."
He said: "It was the Cuban's."

939
01:12:42,647 --> 01:12:44,638
I said: "No siree, this book is mine."

940
01:12:44,849 --> 01:12:46,510
- Who were the Cubans?
- You were.

941
01:12:46,718 --> 01:12:47,776
He thought we were Cubans?

942
01:12:47,985 --> 01:12:50,044
He thought you were them
bearded Cubans

943
01:12:50,254 --> 01:12:54,088
filming here back then in 1964.

944
01:12:54,759 --> 01:12:58,820
So I said: "No sir, there's no Cubans or
communists here."

945
01:12:59,030 --> 01:13:04,627
ACCORDING TO MILITARY
INFORMATION 3 ARE FROM CUBA.

946
01:13:04,836 --> 01:13:08,636
He said: "But you'll show us where
their arms are.

947
01:13:08,840 --> 01:13:13,106
And where they were.
They wanted a revolution."

948
01:13:13,311 --> 01:13:19,648
I said: "They didn't say anything about
revolution or about Cuba."

949
01:13:20,918 --> 01:13:26,356
"How did they talk?"
"The same way as everyone else."

950
01:13:27,458 --> 01:13:29,619
"Did they have a bit of an accent?"

951
01:13:29,827 --> 01:13:34,321
I said: "Sure, they spoke normal
enough.

952
01:13:34,532 --> 01:13:36,796
But people from Rio speak a bit
different."

953
01:13:37,001 --> 01:13:41,165
The other said:
"They could be from Rio.

954
01:13:41,372 --> 01:13:45,570
People from Rio have an accent,
don't they, Lieutenant?"

955
01:13:46,644 --> 01:13:50,171
I said, "They sounded normal."
"They talked normal like?

956
01:13:50,381 --> 01:13:54,147
You understood them?"
"Of course", I did.

957
01:13:54,352 --> 01:13:56,320
After

958
01:13:56,954 --> 01:14:01,414
he said: "So now you show us where
the guns are."

959
01:14:01,592 --> 01:14:06,757
I said: "There be only 2 farmers
who have those.

960
01:14:06,964 --> 01:14:09,398
A gentleman from the
Bento Velho mill,

961
01:14:09,600 --> 01:14:11,898
and Lourival Pedrosa
from the Gameleira mill.

962
01:14:12,103 --> 01:14:17,370
He has a lot. He's a big-time farmer.
He's a trouble-maker."

963
01:14:17,575 --> 01:14:19,543
He said: "Ah, so that one's his.

964
01:14:19,744 --> 01:14:23,646
I want to see yours here
'cause Juliao said there was.

965
01:14:23,848 --> 01:14:29,115
20,000 guns for you to start a
revolution, d'you hear?

966
01:14:29,320 --> 01:14:34,383
And the communists were filming
here for the revolution."

967
01:14:34,592 --> 01:14:38,028
Then he started getting mad.

968
01:14:38,229 --> 01:14:41,665
I said: "There's no Cubans or
communists around here.

969
01:14:41,866 --> 01:14:47,327
There's people dying of hunger
and ailments, like I am.

970
01:14:49,140 --> 01:14:52,701
People round here need food
and medicines

971
01:14:52,910 --> 01:14:55,845
freedom and land to work on."

972
01:14:57,215 --> 01:15:00,673
Then he said:
"No! Tomorrow I'll bring medicines.

973
01:15:00,885 --> 01:15:03,615
Call the people hidden out there.

974
01:15:03,821 --> 01:15:08,588
So we can prescribe some medicine
and have a talk.

975
01:15:08,826 --> 01:15:10,987
Go call Joao Virginio."

976
01:15:11,195 --> 01:15:14,392
I said: "I don't know where he is."

977
01:15:15,132 --> 01:15:18,465
I gave myself up.
I spent 7 days hidden.

978
01:15:18,669 --> 01:15:23,606
Unable to go anywhere.
So I gave myself up.

979
01:15:24,075 --> 01:15:26,475
When I spent...

980
01:15:26,677 --> 01:15:29,942
8 days in the 4th Army...

981
01:15:30,248 --> 01:15:35,743
On April 15th, when the
Government took over...

982
01:15:35,953 --> 01:15:40,151
Castelo Branco...
they took me to the Police.

983
01:15:40,358 --> 01:15:42,553
I had to make a statement.

984
01:15:42,760 --> 01:15:46,526
Two cops beat me up.

985
01:15:47,265 --> 01:15:51,793
Two other leaders were arrested
the first half of April.

986
01:15:52,003 --> 01:15:55,632
Zeze da Galilea,
freed after 3 months.

987
01:15:55,907 --> 01:16:00,344
Severino Gomes da Silva, Rosario,
Zeze's adopted son

988
01:16:00,545 --> 01:16:03,241
who was in jail for 45 days.

989
01:16:04,148 --> 01:16:07,379
I produced here

990
01:16:10,855 --> 01:16:14,757
half a truck of goods a week.

991
01:16:15,059 --> 01:16:18,290
The Army got me
and threw me in jail.

992
01:16:18,496 --> 01:16:20,930
I was blinded in one eye.

993
01:16:21,132 --> 01:16:23,692
I lost the hearing in one ear.

994
01:16:23,901 --> 01:16:26,165
Another beating and my heart went.

995
01:16:26,370 --> 01:16:28,235
I spent 6 years in jail.

996
01:16:28,439 --> 01:16:32,637
What good did I do for Brazil
behind bars?

997
01:16:35,479 --> 01:16:39,711
They took my watch, my belt

998
01:16:39,917 --> 01:16:41,612
and my money.

999
01:16:42,119 --> 01:16:48,354
They took my jeep.
It's behind City Hall in Victoria

1000
01:16:48,559 --> 01:16:51,824
at the police station.
They never gave it back.

1001
01:16:52,029 --> 01:16:57,262
Call that revolution? Put me in jail,
my kids left hungry?

1002
01:16:57,468 --> 01:17:01,734
They took a car, my papers,
everything.

1003
01:17:01,939 --> 01:17:06,376
Why should the Army do this to me?

1004
01:17:06,577 --> 01:17:10,570
Better to have me shot than do that.

1005
01:17:10,781 --> 01:17:12,612
I got even more angry than I was.

1006
01:17:13,417 --> 01:17:18,912
Leaving my kids to starve and me
beaten up in jail.

1007
01:17:19,123 --> 01:17:22,820
I spent a day in a tank full of shit.

1008
01:17:23,027 --> 01:17:28,260
Turds this big, and soup and piss up to
my waist.

1009
01:17:28,466 --> 01:17:31,560
I tiny space, and me...

1010
01:17:32,403 --> 01:17:36,840
I spent one hour like this,
another like this...

1011
01:17:37,041 --> 01:17:42,502
I stood up for 24 hours.
Only the devil can bear it!

1012
01:17:42,713 --> 01:17:47,377
Standing up for 24 hours
in a tank of shit.

1013
01:17:47,585 --> 01:17:50,782
Only Satan... I don't believe...

1014
01:17:50,988 --> 01:17:54,014
I'm alive, because
I never saw a spirit like me

1015
01:17:54,225 --> 01:17:58,059
bear it, even so many electric shocks.

1016
01:18:07,638 --> 01:18:11,404
There's nothing better than days with
a night in between.

1017
01:18:11,609 --> 01:18:15,204
Our Lord Jesus Christ will protect us.

1018
01:18:15,413 --> 01:18:18,780
God's grace is continually upon us.

1019
01:18:18,983 --> 01:18:22,316
I trust in God, because this misery...

1020
01:18:22,520 --> 01:18:26,081
One day the people got to realize
who they are.

1021
01:18:26,290 --> 01:18:29,817
We can't stay trampled on for ever.

1022
01:18:31,295 --> 01:18:33,923
Condemned to 10 and a half years
in jail

1023
01:18:34,131 --> 01:18:37,430
Joao Virginio was released in 1970

1024
01:18:37,635 --> 01:18:41,503
after serving 6 years
of his sentence.

1025
01:18:46,343 --> 01:18:51,713
The Recife Penitentiary was turned
into a cultural center

1026
01:18:51,916 --> 01:18:54,510
in 1976.

1027
01:19:11,569 --> 01:19:16,871
On April 3rd, 1964, a week before
Joao Virginio's arrest

1028
01:19:17,074 --> 01:19:20,942
Elizabeth left Galilea with
the film crew

1029
01:19:21,145 --> 01:19:23,272
and went to Recife.

1030
01:19:23,481 --> 01:19:26,245
Unable to return to Sape or stay
in Recife

1031
01:19:26,450 --> 01:19:31,888
she decided to go to Manoel
Serafim's house in Jaboatao.

1032
01:19:32,556 --> 01:19:37,118
The direction assistant, Vladimir
Carvalho, took her there.

1033
01:19:37,795 --> 01:19:40,229
She changed her name to Marta

1034
01:19:40,431 --> 01:19:43,491
and pretended to be Manoel's
sister-in-law.

1035
01:19:43,701 --> 01:19:45,896
She stayed indoors always.

1036
01:19:46,103 --> 01:19:50,563
2 months later, she gave herself
up to Paraiba's authorities.

1037
01:19:51,742 --> 01:19:55,872
- Did they treat you well?
- Yes. The Army treated me well.

1038
01:19:56,080 --> 01:19:57,638
They asked you about Cuba?

1039
01:19:57,848 --> 01:20:00,442
- Yes.
- What did you say?

1040
01:20:01,652 --> 01:20:05,611
I said I'd gone to visit my son there

1041
01:20:05,823 --> 01:20:08,815
who had gone with a grant

1042
01:20:09,026 --> 01:20:12,120
from the government there

1043
01:20:12,329 --> 01:20:17,858
and the government had sent me
an invitation

1044
01:20:18,068 --> 01:20:20,628
to visit my son.

1045
01:20:20,838 --> 01:20:24,035
That's why I went to Cuba.

1046
01:20:26,076 --> 01:20:28,306
Did they accuse you of squatting
or anything?

1047
01:20:28,512 --> 01:20:33,040
I didn't know about squatting.

1048
01:20:34,652 --> 01:20:40,352
It must mean a falling out of
owner and tenant.

1049
01:20:40,624 --> 01:20:46,290
Because no owner wants
a tenant to have rights.

1050
01:20:46,497 --> 01:20:49,330
He wants him bound and gagged.

1051
01:20:49,533 --> 01:20:54,197
So the tenants has to see to his
own problems.

1052
01:20:55,506 --> 01:20:59,670
After 4 months in jail,
Elizabeth went back to Sape.

1053
01:20:59,877 --> 01:21:05,474
She went to her father's where
her children were.

1054
01:21:06,217 --> 01:21:10,153
Then the persecution came.

1055
01:21:10,354 --> 01:21:13,482
The police came to get me again.

1056
01:21:13,691 --> 01:21:18,719
- At your father's?
- Yes. So the police came

1057
01:21:18,929 --> 01:21:22,729
to get me again to take me away.

1058
01:21:22,933 --> 01:21:27,165
I could be tortured or even killed.

1059
01:21:27,671 --> 01:21:32,131
I thought about it and
asked my Dad.

1060
01:21:32,343 --> 01:21:36,040
I said: "Dad, I can't go with so
many policemen.

1061
01:21:36,247 --> 01:21:40,411
Since they say
they're friends of yours

1062
01:21:40,618 --> 01:21:44,349
tell them to go away

1063
01:21:44,555 --> 01:21:47,115
and I'll go there tomorrow."

1064
01:21:47,324 --> 01:21:51,454
I was sick.
Dad spoke to Colonel Luiz de Barros

1065
01:21:51,662 --> 01:21:53,425
and said I couldn't go

1066
01:21:53,631 --> 01:22:00,127
but guaranteed I'd go there next day.

1067
01:22:00,337 --> 01:22:05,570
So they took his word
for it that I'd go.

1068
01:22:06,010 --> 01:22:11,346
Next day I couldn't.
I got the car and said I'd go

1069
01:22:11,548 --> 01:22:14,608
but I couldn't.
I knew I'd be tortured.

1070
01:22:14,818 --> 01:22:18,515
Or even killed like Alfredo
and the kid.

1071
01:22:19,623 --> 01:22:24,060
In September, 1964,
just before Elizabeth's release

1072
01:22:24,261 --> 01:22:26,729
Joao Alfredo Dias and

1073
01:22:26,931 --> 01:22:31,664
Pedro Inacio de Araujo,
founders of the Sape League

1074
01:22:31,869 --> 01:22:34,736
disappeared after leaving prison.

1075
01:22:34,939 --> 01:22:37,134
They were never found.

1076
01:22:37,341 --> 01:22:39,241
3 days later

1077
01:22:39,443 --> 01:22:42,207
a paper told that 2 mutilated corpses

1078
01:22:42,413 --> 01:22:45,712
had been found on a road in Paraiba.

1079
01:22:45,916 --> 01:22:50,785
The paper said they were victims
of the Death Squad.

1080
01:22:50,988 --> 01:22:53,422
The bodies were never identified.

1081
01:22:53,924 --> 01:22:55,949
Your parents helped you
all this time?

1082
01:22:56,160 --> 01:23:00,187
Don't even know if they're alive.

1083
01:23:00,564 --> 01:23:04,125
- I don't even know.
- Why didn't he help you?

1084
01:23:04,335 --> 01:23:07,736
I really don't know.

1085
01:23:08,205 --> 01:23:10,571
Maybe he doesn't have our address.

1086
01:23:11,608 --> 01:23:13,667
Didn't he help to bring up the kids?

1087
01:23:13,877 --> 01:23:17,176
Yes. He raised two of my brothers.

1088
01:23:17,381 --> 01:23:19,144
He raised two of them?

1089
01:23:19,583 --> 01:23:22,074
We've never told where we are.

1090
01:23:22,286 --> 01:23:23,514
Going to say now?

1091
01:23:23,721 --> 01:23:25,245
- Right.
- From now on...

1092
01:23:25,456 --> 01:23:27,515
From now on we tell everything.

1093
01:23:27,725 --> 01:23:28,987
Makes things easier.

1094
01:23:29,193 --> 01:23:34,187
I want to find the rest of the family.
I'm going to try.

1095
01:23:37,968 --> 01:23:43,463
Why did you choose to keep
Carlos especially?

1096
01:23:43,674 --> 01:23:45,505
Well, you see...

1097
01:23:45,709 --> 01:23:51,773
Dad didn't want him 'cause he
found him like Joao Pedro.

1098
01:23:52,049 --> 01:23:55,610
- He said he wouldn't have him.
- Is he like him?

1099
01:23:56,487 --> 01:23:59,854
Yes, he is.

1100
01:24:04,261 --> 01:24:10,291
In 1962 the persecution spread
wider.

1101
01:24:10,501 --> 01:24:13,061
3 months after Joao Pedro's
assassination

1102
01:24:13,270 --> 01:24:18,105
Paulo Pedro, one of his sons,
was mysteriously attacked.

1103
01:24:18,308 --> 01:24:22,574
What happened to Paulo?
What was the attack?

1104
01:24:22,780 --> 01:24:24,714
That was...

1105
01:24:24,915 --> 01:24:27,645
a thug on orders from
big landowners...

1106
01:24:27,851 --> 01:24:30,149
The same ones that murdered
Joao Pedro.

1107
01:24:30,354 --> 01:24:33,221
- What did they do?
- They shot him...

1108
01:24:33,424 --> 01:24:36,257
They shot him in the forehead,
in the fields.

1109
01:24:36,460 --> 01:24:39,691
- Bad hurt?
- He got hurt bad.

1110
01:24:39,897 --> 01:24:44,027
I don't know if he's still alive.

1111
01:24:44,234 --> 01:24:46,202
- Never saw him again?
- Never.

1112
01:24:46,403 --> 01:24:49,236
- Don't know where he is?
- No, I don't.

1113
01:24:49,440 --> 01:24:51,840
Never heard any news.

1114
01:24:53,944 --> 01:24:56,037
What happened to your
daughter, Marluce?

1115
01:24:56,246 --> 01:25:01,013
She poisoned herself and died.

1116
01:25:01,218 --> 01:25:03,846
- Was she so upset?
- Yes.

1117
01:25:04,054 --> 01:25:08,514
She said that since her father
was killed

1118
01:25:08,725 --> 01:25:14,186
she hadn't had a single day
of happiness.

1119
01:25:14,398 --> 01:25:16,889
She was always upset.

1120
01:25:17,101 --> 01:25:21,595
She said she felt so sad...

1121
01:25:21,805 --> 01:25:24,638
that it got to such a point.

1122
01:25:26,343 --> 01:25:30,677
In December, 1962, 8 months
after Joao Pedro's death

1123
01:25:30,881 --> 01:25:36,513
the eldest daughter, Marluce,
took arsenic and died.

1124
01:25:37,654 --> 01:25:39,986
GIRL COMMITS SUICIDE BY
TAKING ARSENIC

1125
01:25:40,190 --> 01:25:45,287
MARLUCE, DAUGHTER OF
JOAO PEDRO TEIXEIRA, WAS 18

1126
01:25:45,529 --> 01:25:47,190
When did you meet your first brother?

1127
01:25:47,397 --> 01:25:51,356
I met him in 1978.

1128
01:25:51,835 --> 01:25:56,738
That's when I went to Patos.

1129
01:25:56,940 --> 01:25:58,373
In Patos I looked for him.

1130
01:25:58,575 --> 01:26:00,304
- Abraham?
- Yes.

1131
01:26:00,511 --> 01:26:04,880
- You don't know the other eight?
- I don't know any of them.

1132
01:26:06,283 --> 01:26:08,148
How are you known here?

1133
01:26:08,352 --> 01:26:12,755
I'm known here as Marta Maria
da Costa. Even legally.

1134
01:26:12,956 --> 01:26:14,423
Why did you choose Marta.

1135
01:26:14,725 --> 01:26:18,559
It sounded like a martyr...

1136
01:26:18,762 --> 01:26:22,459
The name of someone who
has suffered, like me.

1137
01:26:22,666 --> 01:26:25,726
But after this film you'll go back
to the world, won't you?

1138
01:26:25,936 --> 01:26:29,565
Yes. I'll go back to the world.

1139
01:26:29,773 --> 01:26:30,933
The neighbors know...

1140
01:26:31,141 --> 01:26:35,771
The neighbors,
everyone knows who I am.

1141
01:26:35,979 --> 01:26:40,439
Now I'll see my friends,

1142
01:26:40,817 --> 01:26:43,445
find my kids, my parents...

1143
01:26:43,654 --> 01:26:44,848
Will you visit your parents?

1144
01:26:45,055 --> 01:26:48,456
Yes, and especially my kids
out there.

1145
01:26:48,659 --> 01:26:52,595
I know they're out there
and I must find them. Right?

1146
01:26:54,231 --> 01:26:56,893
The first week of April, 1964,

1147
01:26:57,100 --> 01:26:59,398
8 of Elizabeth's children were
rounded up

1148
01:26:59,603 --> 01:27:03,505
and shared out among
grandparents and aunts.

1149
01:27:03,707 --> 01:27:06,369
Abraham stayed in the capital
to study.

1150
01:27:06,577 --> 01:27:12,379
Isaac was in Cuba since 1963 with
a government grant.

1151
01:27:14,818 --> 01:27:17,810
15 days after my meeting
with Elizabeth

1152
01:27:18,021 --> 01:27:21,320
I went to Sape to retrace the past.

1153
01:27:26,964 --> 01:27:30,456
A few miles from the town,
where he was killed

1154
01:27:30,667 --> 01:27:32,760
there was a stone monument
and an iron cross

1155
01:27:32,970 --> 01:27:38,909
and a bronze plaque in his memory,
blown up in 1964.

1156
01:27:39,443 --> 01:27:41,206
The plaque said:

1157
01:27:41,411 --> 01:27:45,711
"Here lies Joao Pedro Teixeira,
martyr for agrarian reform".

1158
01:27:47,451 --> 01:27:51,148
Actually, Joao Pedro is buried in
Sape Cemetery

1159
01:27:51,355 --> 01:27:53,915
in an unmarked grave.

1160
01:27:54,124 --> 01:27:57,389
Joao Pedro was born in the
nearby town of Guarabira

1161
01:27:57,594 --> 01:27:59,721
and lost his father early on.

1162
01:27:59,930 --> 01:28:02,421
Little is known about his youth.

1163
01:28:02,633 --> 01:28:06,626
Not even a photo is left of
Joao Pedro alive.

1164
01:28:20,651 --> 01:28:26,214
The house he lived his last years
in seems abandoned.

1165
01:28:30,627 --> 01:28:32,652
After the founding
of the Sape League

1166
01:28:32,863 --> 01:28:37,095
Elizabeth's father, Manoel da
Costa, a small landowner

1167
01:28:37,301 --> 01:28:41,533
quarrelled with Joao Pedro and
sold the farm.

1168
01:28:41,772 --> 01:28:45,799
Threatened with eviction,
Joao Pedro went to Court

1169
01:28:46,009 --> 01:28:52,278
for the right to live there or
receive compensation.

1170
01:28:54,217 --> 01:29:00,122
After his death Elizabeth stayed
but cut her father.

1171
01:29:07,164 --> 01:29:11,863
In 1981, 17 years after her escape

1172
01:29:12,069 --> 01:29:14,799
her children didn't know where
she was hidden.

1173
01:29:15,005 --> 01:29:18,532
Nor if she was dead or alive.

1174
01:29:19,142 --> 01:29:19,376
Near Joao Pedro's house we
looked for his daughter

1175
01:29:19,376 --> 01:29:22,812
Near Joao Pedro's house we
looked for his daughter

1176
01:29:23,013 --> 01:29:27,074
Maria das Neves Teixeira,
or Nevinha.

1177
01:29:27,284 --> 01:29:30,981
We only knew she was married
and was a teacher nearby

1178
01:29:31,188 --> 01:29:35,124
the place where Joao Pedro
was killed.

1179
01:29:37,461 --> 01:29:40,021
How long is it since you saw
your mother?

1180
01:29:40,597 --> 01:29:43,566
A long time.

1181
01:29:44,901 --> 01:29:48,166
15... maybe 12 years.

1182
01:29:49,106 --> 01:29:50,403
Do you miss her?

1183
01:29:50,607 --> 01:29:52,632
Of course... She's my Mom.

1184
01:29:52,843 --> 01:29:54,868
And your brothers,
Abraham and Carlos?

1185
01:29:55,078 --> 01:29:57,876
We haven't seen either of them.

1186
01:29:58,081 --> 01:30:01,573
The others are nearer.

1187
01:30:03,520 --> 01:30:05,511
Did you know you father?

1188
01:30:05,722 --> 01:30:10,182
Yes. I was 6 or 7 when he died.

1189
01:30:10,394 --> 01:30:12,794
- Do you remember him?
- Not much.

1190
01:30:12,996 --> 01:30:14,327
- Your daughter?
- Yes.

1191
01:30:14,531 --> 01:30:19,161
- What's her name?
- Juliana Elizabeth Teixeira...

1192
01:30:19,369 --> 01:30:22,395
- You called her Elizabeth?
- Juliana Elizabeth.

1193
01:30:22,606 --> 01:30:25,666
- Why Elizabeth?
- My mother's name.

1194
01:30:29,045 --> 01:30:30,876
How can we see Peta, your brother?

1195
01:30:31,081 --> 01:30:34,517
At my grandfather's,
by the flour house. Know it?

1196
01:30:34,718 --> 01:30:36,982
Would your grandpa welcome a visit?

1197
01:30:37,187 --> 01:30:40,350
Well, he's a bit funny about
this sort of thing.

1198
01:30:40,557 --> 01:30:42,115
The other day...

1199
01:30:42,459 --> 01:30:46,293
some people came in a car.
I don't know if they were...

1200
01:30:46,496 --> 01:30:49,158
cattle rustlers, or something.

1201
01:30:49,366 --> 01:30:52,802
I know they came everyday,
every week.

1202
01:30:53,003 --> 01:30:57,372
He was quite... many people
round here thought that...

1203
01:30:57,574 --> 01:31:02,739
Elizabeth might try to kill him.

1204
01:31:02,946 --> 01:31:07,440
A lot of people thought so.
So, he got it into his head

1205
01:31:07,651 --> 01:31:11,985
that she wanted to kill him
or steal something.

1206
01:31:12,189 --> 01:31:15,352
I know people did try...
cattle rustlers, I think.

1207
01:31:15,826 --> 01:31:19,284
Manoel Justino and
Joao Pedro Teixeira Jr

1208
01:31:19,496 --> 01:31:20,929
agreed to be filmed.

1209
01:31:21,131 --> 01:31:25,591
Elizabeth's father chickened out
and went back in.

1210
01:31:26,937 --> 01:31:29,770
- Your grandpa brought you up?
- Since I was little.

1211
01:31:29,973 --> 01:31:33,773
He brought the whole family here.

1212
01:31:33,977 --> 01:31:39,438
Then one uncle took one,
another took another.

1213
01:31:39,649 --> 01:31:43,380
Everyone raised the family.
We'd have died otherwise.

1214
01:31:43,587 --> 01:31:45,919
Because 12 children in one house...

1215
01:31:46,122 --> 01:31:49,489
hungry... If it hadn't been
for the family...

1216
01:31:49,693 --> 01:31:53,060
Everybody took someone
and 3 stayed at home.

1217
01:31:53,263 --> 01:31:57,529
I'm still here.
2 girls went to Rio.

1218
01:31:58,435 --> 01:32:02,303
We are alive thanks to the family.

1219
01:32:02,506 --> 01:32:07,170
Even so I'm not mad at my mother.
I'll see her any time.

1220
01:32:07,377 --> 01:32:10,073
I'll go wherever she is.

1221
01:32:10,280 --> 01:32:12,510
- Got a picture of your Dad?
- No, I haven't.

1222
01:32:12,716 --> 01:32:16,208
Nor of my mother.
I can't remember anything.

1223
01:32:16,419 --> 01:32:19,718
I was 4 years old.

1224
01:32:19,990 --> 01:32:24,222
- You were 2 when your father died.
- No. I was 4.

1225
01:32:24,928 --> 01:32:27,328
I was born in 1960.
They killed him in 1964.

1226
01:32:27,531 --> 01:32:32,764
- No. He died in 1962.
- He died... in '64.

1227
01:32:32,969 --> 01:32:36,905
I was little.
I can't remember.

1228
01:32:38,141 --> 01:32:39,699
You built his tomb again?

1229
01:32:39,910 --> 01:32:46,145
People destroyed it.
I'm the only one here...

1230
01:32:46,349 --> 01:32:49,182
as his son.
I said, I'll raise his cross because

1231
01:32:49,386 --> 01:32:53,413
they can't do that.
I can make another.

1232
01:32:53,623 --> 01:32:57,150
I said I would make one
because I remember him.

1233
01:32:57,360 --> 01:33:01,091
I knew where the place was.

1234
01:33:01,298 --> 01:33:03,630
So I made one again.

1235
01:33:03,833 --> 01:33:06,893
I lit a candle and all that.

1236
01:33:08,471 --> 01:33:10,302
Why wouldn't Manoel have his
photo taken?

1237
01:33:10,507 --> 01:33:15,638
Because an old man thinks
like the kids.

1238
01:33:16,413 --> 01:33:20,645
We eventually persuaded him to
come out and talk.

1239
01:33:20,850 --> 01:33:22,909
You never got on with
Joao Pedro, did you?

1240
01:33:23,119 --> 01:33:28,682
No. I didn't ask him.
He came.

1241
01:33:28,959 --> 01:33:33,589
I gave him some advice but
he wouldn't listen.

1242
01:33:35,165 --> 01:33:38,657
- So you never got on with him?
- Never.

1243
01:33:38,868 --> 01:33:42,964
- But he was a good husband?
- Yes.

1244
01:33:43,707 --> 01:33:48,906
He became my enemy.
He said if I went...

1245
01:33:49,112 --> 01:33:51,910
if I set foot there he'd give me
a good hiding.

1246
01:33:52,115 --> 01:33:55,949
- Who said that?
- Her husband did.

1247
01:33:56,920 --> 01:34:00,378
He said I'd better not meddle
with things.

1248
01:34:02,659 --> 01:34:05,856
I'd better get back to work.

1249
01:34:06,663 --> 01:34:13,068
Elizabeth's father never once said
the name Joao Pedro.

1250
01:34:13,703 --> 01:34:16,365
Still active at 84

1251
01:34:16,573 --> 01:34:19,303
Manoel has a small flour mill

1252
01:34:19,509 --> 01:34:25,038
and goes everyday to buy wood
and manioc, at nearby farms.

1253
01:34:25,248 --> 01:34:29,981
Joao Pedro Jr help him as a driver.

1254
01:34:32,222 --> 01:34:34,452
On this road, further ahead

1255
01:34:34,658 --> 01:34:39,391
on Manoel's land,
Joao Pedro was killed.

1256
01:34:40,497 --> 01:34:43,955
Elizabeth used to come by here

1257
01:34:44,167 --> 01:34:49,104
to head demonstrations to her
husband's memorial.

1258
01:34:52,575 --> 01:34:56,841
Caxias, Greater Rio de Janeiro.

1259
01:34:57,047 --> 01:34:59,311
October, 1981.

1260
01:34:59,516 --> 01:35:03,145
8 months after Elizabeth's
declarations.

1261
01:35:09,793 --> 01:35:13,285
- Is Marta in?
- That's me.

1262
01:35:14,330 --> 01:35:16,696
- I'm a friend of...
- My mother.

1263
01:35:16,900 --> 01:35:20,495
- Your mother's. Did you know?
- More or less.

1264
01:35:24,374 --> 01:35:26,501
Is there light here?

1265
01:35:28,344 --> 01:35:31,780
This is your brother, Carlos.

1266
01:35:32,515 --> 01:35:35,211
- Do you remember him?
- Yes.

1267
01:35:35,485 --> 01:35:38,545
We went to see her
in Rio Grande do Norte.

1268
01:35:38,755 --> 01:35:41,747
Here she is washing clothes in
the river.

1269
01:35:41,958 --> 01:35:45,985
She sent you a big hug.

1270
01:35:46,663 --> 01:35:49,393
She's coming to see you.

1271
01:35:49,599 --> 01:35:52,591
She's got to get your brothers.

1272
01:35:53,103 --> 01:35:55,162
Carlos...

1273
01:35:56,473 --> 01:36:00,603
Abraham.
Carlos and your mother.

1274
01:36:04,013 --> 01:36:06,743
I remember her well.

1275
01:36:07,951 --> 01:36:10,317
This is on film.

1276
01:36:21,998 --> 01:36:26,025
- When did you come to Rio?
- I came here in 1971.

1277
01:36:28,872 --> 01:36:33,571
- And never went back?
- I went there about 5 years ago.

1278
01:36:33,777 --> 01:36:36,245
Do you hear from the people
in Sape?

1279
01:36:36,446 --> 01:36:38,710
- No.
- Don't they write?

1280
01:36:38,915 --> 01:36:41,145
It's me that...

1281
01:36:41,351 --> 01:36:44,548
- You don't say where you are?
- I cut myself off.

1282
01:36:44,754 --> 01:36:48,246
- Why?
- You see, the family...

1283
01:36:48,458 --> 01:36:50,358
When you most need them

1284
01:36:50,560 --> 01:36:54,792
that's when they didn't help.
Especially my brother.

1285
01:36:54,998 --> 01:36:58,297
I'm not mad at them.
But when I most needed them

1286
01:36:58,501 --> 01:37:05,168
they didn't help. Especially my
maternal grandparents.

1287
01:37:05,542 --> 01:37:08,067
- They didn't help you?
- No.

1288
01:37:09,312 --> 01:37:11,507
And they have some money,
don't they?

1289
01:37:11,714 --> 01:37:14,706
The family does,
except my mother.

1290
01:37:14,918 --> 01:37:21,084
- Any grudge against your mother?
- No. Even though she gave me...

1291
01:37:21,291 --> 01:37:25,751
Even before I was born she gave
me to my grandmother.

1292
01:37:26,196 --> 01:37:31,031
- Why did she do that?
- I really don't know.

1293
01:37:31,334 --> 01:37:33,564
We were 12

1294
01:37:33,770 --> 01:37:38,264
but she only gave me away.

1295
01:37:38,474 --> 01:37:40,635
Not even...

1296
01:37:40,844 --> 01:37:45,144
- You remember your father?
- Yes, I do.

1297
01:37:48,084 --> 01:37:50,712
I adored him.
Not just because he was killed.

1298
01:37:52,288 --> 01:37:57,453
I adore my mother too.
I bear no grudge... really.

1299
01:37:57,660 --> 01:38:00,458
I adore her. When she comes...

1300
01:38:02,932 --> 01:38:06,095
Will you now go back to the world?
Will you see everybody again?

1301
01:38:06,302 --> 01:38:11,706
Yes. I will go back to the world.
The neighbors know now...

1302
01:38:11,908 --> 01:38:15,435
Everyone knows I'm in
Rio Grande do Norte.

1303
01:38:15,645 --> 01:38:19,547
I'll get in touch with my friends,

1304
01:38:19,749 --> 01:38:22,343
find my kids, my parents...

1305
01:38:22,552 --> 01:38:24,679
- Will you visit your parents?
- Yes,

1306
01:38:24,888 --> 01:38:27,379
and especially because of my
children.

1307
01:38:27,590 --> 01:38:32,027
I know they're out there. I've got
to get to know them.

1308
01:38:32,228 --> 01:38:35,288
- The neighbors didn't know?
- They knew nothing.

1309
01:38:35,498 --> 01:38:40,026
Dad thinks I'm overseas or dead.

1310
01:38:40,570 --> 01:38:42,800
- Why did you come here?
- For work.

1311
01:38:43,006 --> 01:38:46,203
- Where did you work?
- I worked...

1312
01:38:46,442 --> 01:38:48,876
I forget the name of the street.
Here in Caxias.

1313
01:38:49,078 --> 01:38:51,808
I was pregnant when I came.

1314
01:38:52,548 --> 01:38:55,540
My firstborn's now 10.

1315
01:38:55,752 --> 01:38:57,515
- You came with him?
- I was pregnant.

1316
01:38:57,720 --> 01:38:59,881
- He was born here?
- Yes.

1317
01:39:01,991 --> 01:39:06,018
I was well-off at the beginning.

1318
01:39:06,229 --> 01:39:10,290
I even had a car, jewelry,
everything.

1319
01:39:10,500 --> 01:39:13,526
Then the man I was living with...
You went there...

1320
01:39:13,736 --> 01:39:18,298
Manoel Alves in Felizardo Fortes St,
number 66.

1321
01:39:18,508 --> 01:39:22,808
I lived with him for 10 years.
I have 3 kids by him.

1322
01:39:23,012 --> 01:39:26,504
Then he acted up. We couldn't go
on with it.

1323
01:39:26,716 --> 01:39:30,652
We separated and I came here
penniless.

1324
01:39:30,853 --> 01:39:31,842
But, it doesn't matter.

1325
01:39:32,055 --> 01:39:34,785
- And the children?
- I have 4.

1326
01:39:39,095 --> 01:39:41,563
Santa Clara Faculty of Medicine.

1327
01:39:41,764 --> 01:39:44,756
Capital of the province of
Las Villas in Cuba.

1328
01:39:44,968 --> 01:39:47,368
December, 1981.

1329
01:39:48,271 --> 01:39:52,071
Isaac Teixeira is in the 5th year of
Medicine.

1330
01:39:52,308 --> 01:39:57,075
Film shot at our request by a
Cuban film crew.

1331
01:39:58,147 --> 01:40:02,413
What I remember about Brazil
and my father's struggles

1332
01:40:02,618 --> 01:40:06,054
is that it was about 20 years ago.

1333
01:40:06,255 --> 01:40:12,023
At that time
the peasant leagues began

1334
01:40:12,228 --> 01:40:16,790
and my father had to...

1335
01:40:17,500 --> 01:40:22,335
was committed to working in the
Northeast

1336
01:40:22,538 --> 01:40:25,234
where he founded

1337
01:40:25,475 --> 01:40:29,275
and worked for the Sape League.

1338
01:40:29,479 --> 01:40:32,004
I think he was a pioneer

1339
01:40:32,215 --> 01:40:35,548
of the peasant leagues.

1340
01:40:35,752 --> 01:40:39,313
And it had great repercussions.

1341
01:40:39,522 --> 01:40:43,925
His struggle and his death...

1342
01:40:44,127 --> 01:40:46,721
Everyone

1343
01:40:48,898 --> 01:40:55,030
thinks highly of a peasant

1344
01:40:55,238 --> 01:40:59,402
a simple man dedicating his life

1345
01:40:59,609 --> 01:41:03,602
to the struggle of the Brazilian
people.

1346
01:41:06,983 --> 01:41:12,114
Jose Eudes.
Do you know him?

1347
01:41:12,321 --> 01:41:13,515
Yes, I do.

1348
01:41:13,723 --> 01:41:17,750
- Could you call him?
- Certainly. Follow me.

1349
01:41:19,429 --> 01:41:22,626
He's the watchman here, right?

1350
01:41:23,166 --> 01:41:26,192
You from Educational TV or from
Globo Network?

1351
01:41:26,402 --> 01:41:29,462
No. Movies. It's a report but for
a film.

1352
01:41:29,672 --> 01:41:32,334
By Avenida Brasil, Rio de Janeiro.

1353
01:41:32,542 --> 01:41:35,773
The warehouse of an engineering
company.

1354
01:41:35,978 --> 01:41:41,541
May, 1982. 1 year and 3 months
after filming Elizabeth.

1355
01:41:52,462 --> 01:41:54,726
- Who's Mr Coutinho? Excuse me.
- It's me, it's me.

1356
01:41:54,931 --> 01:41:56,796
Only you come in. I want to talk
to you.

1357
01:41:56,999 --> 01:41:59,900
Pleased to meet you. Jose Eudes.

1358
01:42:00,103 --> 01:42:02,128
Only he comes in. Excuse me.

1359
01:42:02,338 --> 01:42:05,034
I want to talk to him in private.

1360
01:42:13,916 --> 01:42:15,178
Take it, please.

1361
01:42:15,384 --> 01:42:18,945
After a long talk and a few
demands

1362
01:42:19,155 --> 01:42:23,922
Jose Eudes Teixeira agreed to be
filmed. But outside.

1363
01:42:24,127 --> 01:42:27,460
- Do you remember your parents?
- No.

1364
01:42:28,297 --> 01:42:30,265
No.

1365
01:42:31,067 --> 01:42:32,261
Who raised you?

1366
01:42:32,468 --> 01:42:36,234
An uncle who I call Dad.
His name's Eudes.

1367
01:42:36,439 --> 01:42:38,703
He's my uncle, but I call him Dad.

1368
01:42:38,908 --> 01:42:40,876
You were 4 when your father
died?

1369
01:42:41,077 --> 01:42:44,046
- And you remember nothing?
- Nothing.

1370
01:42:44,247 --> 01:42:46,408
Honestly, I can't remember
anything.

1371
01:42:46,616 --> 01:42:49,414
But you remember your mother?
You were 6 in 1964.

1372
01:42:49,619 --> 01:42:53,077
No. I don't remember her.

1373
01:42:53,289 --> 01:42:58,158
I know her from these photos.
I didn't recognize her.

1374
01:42:58,361 --> 01:43:00,955
- Would you like to see her?
- I miss her very much.

1375
01:43:01,164 --> 01:43:06,067
When I got her first letter, I cried.

1376
01:43:06,269 --> 01:43:08,203
I couldn't remember her.

1377
01:43:08,404 --> 01:43:11,464
I called mother the aunt who
raised me.

1378
01:43:11,674 --> 01:43:14,370
I still consider her my mother.

1379
01:43:15,978 --> 01:43:20,745
My mother had to disappear
when they killed my father...

1380
01:43:20,950 --> 01:43:23,111
so none of us were baptized.

1381
01:43:23,319 --> 01:43:27,346
So my godparents baptized me
and brought me up.

1382
01:43:27,823 --> 01:43:31,350
I have 4 brothers I don't know.

1383
01:43:31,761 --> 01:43:35,891
Paulo, Abraham, Isaac...

1384
01:43:36,098 --> 01:43:40,592
and Carlos.
I don't know Carlos either.

1385
01:43:40,803 --> 01:43:42,270
- Don't you know Paulo?
- No.

1386
01:43:42,471 --> 01:43:44,336
- Why?
- Because... Paulo...

1387
01:43:44,540 --> 01:43:47,737
When I was there he went to
Nazare da Mata with my uncle.

1388
01:43:47,944 --> 01:43:49,468
So I never knew him either.

1389
01:43:49,679 --> 01:43:54,582
- What does he do now?
- He's a driver for a company.

1390
01:43:54,784 --> 01:43:56,649
And he's married.

1391
01:43:56,852 --> 01:43:58,683
My brother went to his place.

1392
01:43:58,888 --> 01:44:02,585
He said Paulo is upset with the
whole family thing.

1393
01:44:02,792 --> 01:44:05,590
He said he drinks a lot and is very
angry.

1394
01:44:05,795 --> 01:44:10,198
Me too... I used to live with
a woman

1395
01:44:10,633 --> 01:44:13,932
and she said: "You're different
from everyone else."

1396
01:44:14,136 --> 01:44:17,970
I don't know... Sometimes I just
don't speak to anyone.

1397
01:44:18,174 --> 01:44:21,405
My family history makes me so
angry.

1398
01:44:22,678 --> 01:44:25,340
Olaria, a district of Rio de Janeiro.

1399
01:44:25,548 --> 01:44:31,009
Film shot on the same day as
Jose Eudes. May, 1982.

1400
01:44:34,957 --> 01:44:37,425
Does Mrs Marinez live here?

1401
01:44:37,627 --> 01:44:41,085
Yes, but I don't know if she's in.

1402
01:44:41,530 --> 01:44:44,260
Could you see for me, please?

1403
01:44:45,868 --> 01:44:49,429
Pity. The window's closed.

1404
01:44:50,072 --> 01:44:54,702
- What? Like this?
- No. It's very simple.

1405
01:44:55,111 --> 01:44:57,272
- How are you?
- Fine.

1406
01:44:57,480 --> 01:45:01,314
- How lovely. What's his name?
- Rodrigo. And Elana.

1407
01:45:01,517 --> 01:45:03,951
- Are they both yours?
- Yes.

1408
01:45:04,153 --> 01:45:07,418
- How long have you been in Rio?
- 7 years.

1409
01:45:07,623 --> 01:45:11,354
Why did you come? Why did you
move?

1410
01:45:11,560 --> 01:45:14,859
- Marta sent for me.
- Did she?

1411
01:45:15,064 --> 01:45:16,998
I lived with an uncle.
She sent for me.

1412
01:45:17,199 --> 01:45:19,963
- You remember your mother?
- No, have never seen.

1413
01:45:20,169 --> 01:45:23,229
I've only seen her in one of
Marta's photos.

1414
01:45:23,472 --> 01:45:26,236
- Don't you remember your father?
- Never seen him.

1415
01:45:26,442 --> 01:45:29,309
- You were 8 months old...
- 3 months.

1416
01:45:29,512 --> 01:45:33,414
- Would you like to see her?
- Of course.

1417
01:45:33,616 --> 01:45:37,848
- Or do you feel hurt?
- Hurt? No.

1418
01:45:38,054 --> 01:45:39,385
Not at all.

1419
01:45:40,156 --> 01:45:44,820
- Did she write to you?
- Yes. She's written twice.

1420
01:45:45,127 --> 01:45:47,391
This is the first one.

1421
01:45:47,596 --> 01:45:49,757
Would you read a bit?

1422
01:45:52,468 --> 01:45:54,629
You say you don't know where
you came from.

1423
01:45:54,837 --> 01:45:59,001
You came from the love between
me and your father.

1424
01:45:59,208 --> 01:46:01,642
Of course I'm so glad you're coming.

1425
01:46:01,844 --> 01:46:03,937
I asked her if I could go
and see her.

1426
01:46:04,146 --> 01:46:07,741
That's what I want, to meet

1427
01:46:07,950 --> 01:46:10,578
all my children

1428
01:46:10,786 --> 01:46:14,119
and be with you all. Thanks
to the political liberalization

1429
01:46:14,323 --> 01:46:17,986
I can now see all my children again.

1430
01:46:18,194 --> 01:46:21,823
I wasn't able to live with,
raise and love you.

1431
01:46:22,031 --> 01:46:25,296
Destiny was against it. It must be
as God wills.

1432
01:46:25,501 --> 01:46:27,662
But I shall be

1433
01:46:27,870 --> 01:46:32,466
so happy just to have one day go
get all my children

1434
01:46:32,675 --> 01:46:35,109
together again.

1435
01:46:45,588 --> 01:46:47,579
The filming we did in St Rafael

1436
01:46:47,790 --> 01:46:49,985
in February, 1981

1437
01:46:50,192 --> 01:46:55,596
meant the end of Elizabeth's
reclusion.

1438
01:46:56,365 --> 01:47:00,529
After she was filmed, she was no
longer Marta

1439
01:47:00,736 --> 01:47:02,966
but Elizabeth once again.

1440
01:47:03,172 --> 01:47:07,438
- You take in washing, Elizabeth?
- Yes.

1441
01:47:09,378 --> 01:47:11,938
What else do you earn a living?

1442
01:47:12,148 --> 01:47:15,777
Washing dishes in a bar.

1443
01:47:16,018 --> 01:47:19,715
And I teach the kids.

1444
01:47:19,922 --> 01:47:22,447
- 4 times 1.
- 4.

1445
01:47:22,658 --> 01:47:23,955
- 4 times 2.
- 8.

1446
01:47:24,160 --> 01:47:25,422
- 4 times 3.
- 12.

1447
01:47:25,628 --> 01:47:27,687
- 4 times 4.
- 16.

1448
01:47:27,897 --> 01:47:29,330
- 4 times 5.
- 20.

1449
01:47:29,532 --> 01:47:30,931
- 4 times 6.
- 24.

1450
01:47:31,133 --> 01:47:32,623
- 4 times 7.
- 28.

1451
01:47:32,835 --> 01:47:34,564
- 4 times 8.
- 32.

1452
01:47:34,770 --> 01:47:37,034
The neighbors knew nothing.

1453
01:47:37,239 --> 01:47:39,605
What was their reaction?

1454
01:47:39,809 --> 01:47:44,712
They looked for photos, tried to
find out who I was.

1455
01:47:44,914 --> 01:47:49,647
I said I lived in Recife and worked

1456
01:47:49,852 --> 01:47:53,754
as a maid,
that it hadn't worked out

1457
01:47:53,956 --> 01:47:58,655
and I had moved to the backlands.
That's what I told them.

1458
01:47:58,861 --> 01:48:01,989
- Are they glad to know now?
- Yes, they are.

1459
01:48:02,431 --> 01:48:05,127
Did you enjoy the film about
Elizabeth?

1460
01:48:05,334 --> 01:48:09,464
It's very important because
Marta...

1461
01:48:09,672 --> 01:48:12,300
I mean Elizabeth,
had a very sad past.

1462
01:48:12,608 --> 01:48:15,475
Many things were really very sad.

1463
01:48:16,512 --> 01:48:18,673
Now you know, has she changed?

1464
01:48:18,881 --> 01:48:22,044
She's the same old Elizabeth,
my friend.

1465
01:48:22,251 --> 01:48:24,048
Who else wants to speak?

1466
01:48:24,253 --> 01:48:27,154
When she arrived here

1467
01:48:27,356 --> 01:48:30,757
she was my neighbor first.

1468
01:48:30,960 --> 01:48:33,952
We've always been great friends.

1469
01:48:34,163 --> 01:48:37,564
My Zorro was her first pupil.

1470
01:48:37,766 --> 01:48:41,202
And for me,
she's just like a mother.

1471
01:48:41,403 --> 01:48:43,337
Did you think she
only had one child?

1472
01:48:43,539 --> 01:48:47,236
- What did you know about her?
- Nothing, when she arrived.

1473
01:48:47,443 --> 01:48:49,604
Where did you think she'd come from?

1474
01:48:49,812 --> 01:48:52,406
From Jucurutu.

1475
01:48:52,615 --> 01:48:55,015
She'd come from Jucurutu.

1476
01:48:55,618 --> 01:48:58,815
- Thought she had just one child?
- Yes, I did.

1477
01:48:59,021 --> 01:49:02,752
- Are they all your friends?
- Yes. All good friends.

1478
01:49:02,958 --> 01:49:05,722
She was my nextdoor neighbor.

1479
01:49:05,995 --> 01:49:08,691
We really felt for her and her
suffering.

1480
01:49:08,898 --> 01:49:12,390
We say she seemed sort of sad.

1481
01:49:12,768 --> 01:49:16,465
But she said nothing except that
her husband

1482
01:49:16,672 --> 01:49:19,607
was dead... had been murdered,
and she had other children.

1483
01:49:19,808 --> 01:49:22,971
But that she never saw them.

1484
01:49:23,212 --> 01:49:27,546
We saw something awful had
happened to her.

1485
01:49:27,750 --> 01:49:33,484
We wished her happiness since
she is such a nice person.

1486
01:49:33,689 --> 01:49:36,886
We're going to miss her.

1487
01:49:47,202 --> 01:49:52,731
RURAL WORKER'S UNION OF
ST RAFAEL

1488
01:49:57,046 --> 01:49:59,276
He's the Union chairman.

1489
01:49:59,481 --> 01:50:03,508
We talked a lot

1490
01:50:03,719 --> 01:50:05,778
about the Union

1491
01:50:05,988 --> 01:50:11,358
and its present activities.

1492
01:50:11,560 --> 01:50:17,328
We also talked about the people
in Vale do Azu

1493
01:50:17,533 --> 01:50:21,333
and how they'll be compensated

1494
01:50:21,537 --> 01:50:24,097
when they have to leave.

1495
01:50:25,274 --> 01:50:30,712
He knows more about it as he's
the Chairman.

1496
01:50:36,652 --> 01:50:39,985
St Rafael is a dying town.

1497
01:50:40,189 --> 01:50:42,919
The National Department Against
Drought

1498
01:50:43,125 --> 01:50:45,650
is carrying out an irrigation
scheme

1499
01:50:45,861 --> 01:50:48,694
and is building a dam.

1500
01:50:48,931 --> 01:50:52,128
The water will cover the whole area.

1501
01:50:52,334 --> 01:50:57,601
As they have no deeds, the small
landowners

1502
01:50:57,806 --> 01:51:02,140
will receive what they consider
poor compensation.

1503
01:51:02,344 --> 01:51:05,871
The local Union is heading the fight.

1504
01:51:06,081 --> 01:51:08,606
Elizabeth helps you?

1505
01:51:08,817 --> 01:51:13,618
She advises me from what she
has suffered

1506
01:51:13,822 --> 01:51:18,259
and I advise her.
We've talked a lot about it.

1507
01:51:18,460 --> 01:51:21,588
Did you know she was Elizabeth?

1508
01:51:21,797 --> 01:51:23,890
- Yes, I knew.
- For how long?

1509
01:51:24,099 --> 01:51:29,628
For about a year, since we got to
know each other better.

1510
01:51:29,838 --> 01:51:32,398
- Did you know who Joao Pedro was?
- Certainly.

1511
01:51:32,608 --> 01:51:35,236
- Who was he?
- A great leader.

1512
01:51:35,444 --> 01:51:39,710
- Where from?
- From Paraiba. From Sape.

1513
01:51:40,315 --> 01:51:44,718
She telling me about what she
went through...

1514
01:51:44,920 --> 01:51:48,014
and me backing her up...

1515
01:51:48,223 --> 01:51:51,989
I understood what all persecuted
Union leaders suffer

1516
01:51:52,194 --> 01:51:57,632
from landowners and the
authorities in Brazil.

1517
01:51:58,167 --> 01:52:01,898
Well, let's get our things together

1518
01:52:02,104 --> 01:52:03,867
and say goodbye.

1519
01:52:14,783 --> 01:52:19,345
I thought I'd never see you again
and our friends.

1520
01:52:19,555 --> 01:52:23,491
But now... I see my house...

1521
01:52:23,959 --> 01:52:26,086
old friends visit me...

1522
01:52:26,295 --> 01:52:31,426
and that's really wonderful for me.

1523
01:52:31,633 --> 01:52:34,693
I never gave in,
never gave up the struggle.

1524
01:52:34,903 --> 01:52:37,531
What I did was the only way.

1525
01:52:37,740 --> 01:52:43,076
We must thank our President

1526
01:52:43,278 --> 01:52:48,181
for giving us the honor to be able

1527
01:52:48,383 --> 01:52:54,481
to talk and speak and see our
children and parents

1528
01:52:54,757 --> 01:52:56,691
and all our relatives.

1529
01:52:56,892 --> 01:53:02,228
You really caught me close
to tears. I'm really moved...

1530
01:53:02,431 --> 01:53:06,561
It was 16 years. Abraham hadn't
been here.

1531
01:53:06,769 --> 01:53:09,897
Never had the chance.

1532
01:53:10,105 --> 01:53:13,268
I was moved.

1533
01:53:13,475 --> 01:53:16,035
I never expected it.

1534
01:53:16,245 --> 01:53:18,440
He called up and said he was
coming.

1535
01:53:18,647 --> 01:53:21,639
The girl heard and said he was
coming with

1536
01:53:21,850 --> 01:53:24,580
another brother, then Carlos,
3 brothers coming.

1537
01:53:24,787 --> 01:53:27,449
When he got here he said:
"Carlos is here."

1538
01:53:27,656 --> 01:53:31,786
"No, Mom, Coutinho's here and
the reporter people."

1539
01:53:31,994 --> 01:53:37,330
I said, "I wonder what's happening."
I was... really moved.

1540
01:53:37,533 --> 01:53:40,502
- Was the report good?
- Yes, very good.

1541
01:53:40,702 --> 01:53:45,935
I'm sorry I couldn't help.
I can't help, but...

1542
01:53:46,141 --> 01:53:49,474
it certainly touched me.

1543
01:53:52,114 --> 01:53:54,639
- See you soon.
- Are you really going?

1544
01:53:54,850 --> 01:53:59,253
- Yes, we must be going.
- I hope everything was OK.

1545
01:53:59,955 --> 01:54:04,016
The fight goes on. The same
needs as in 1964

1546
01:54:04,226 --> 01:54:09,687
are still with us.
They haven't budged.

1547
01:54:09,898 --> 01:54:15,336
The workman, the peasant,
the student have the same needs.

1548
01:54:15,537 --> 01:54:21,442
The fight goes on while there is
hunger and poor wages.

1549
01:54:21,643 --> 01:54:26,512
Who wouldn't fight for better
days? You must fight.

1550
01:54:26,715 --> 01:54:30,651
Whoever has the good life,
let him keep out of it.

1551
01:54:30,853 --> 01:54:33,981
I have suffered, I have to fight
and I dare to say

1552
01:54:34,189 --> 01:54:37,556
the regime must be changed.
We must fight while

1553
01:54:37,759 --> 01:54:41,991
this so-called democracy,
this hunger exists.

1554
01:54:42,197 --> 01:54:46,497
- Democracy without freedom...
- Wages of hunger and misery?

1555
01:54:46,702 --> 01:54:51,230
While workmen's sons have no
right to study.

1556
01:54:51,440 --> 01:54:53,965
Like now, when I...

1557
01:54:54,176 --> 01:54:59,136
when the kids pay I don't know what.
But no one can.

1558
01:55:09,191 --> 01:55:14,493
A month later Elizabeth left
St Rafael to live in Patos

1559
01:55:14,696 --> 01:55:17,756
with Abraham and Carlos.

1560
01:55:20,669 --> 01:55:25,629
Until June 1983, when this text
was written

1561
01:55:25,841 --> 01:55:31,040
Elizabeth had only seen
2 of her other 8 children:

1562
01:55:31,246 --> 01:55:34,306
Nevinha and Joao Pedro Jr,
in Sape.

1563
01:55:37,386 --> 01:55:41,015
We last filmed Joao Virginio in his
yard

1564
01:55:41,223 --> 01:55:44,021
on Carnival Sunday, 1981.

1565
01:55:45,360 --> 01:55:50,297
10 months later he died of a
heart attack in the same place.

1566
01:55:50,766 --> 01:55:53,496
He was buried in Victoria
cemetery

1567
01:55:53,702 --> 01:55:56,796
next to Zeze from Galilea.

1568
01:56:29,104 --> 01:56:32,164
1964 Crew

1569
01:57:07,009 --> 01:57:10,740
1981-83 Crew

1570
01:57:12,614 --> 01:57:15,606
Translation revised by
Carlos Roberto de Souza

1571
01:57:15,817 --> 01:57:18,809
Translation coordination
HBO BRASIL LTDA.