1 00:00:21,870 --> 00:00:27,510 High in the mountains of Pakistan lives a cat so elusive that it's rarely been 2 00:00:27,510 --> 00:00:34,510 filmed. Until 2004, when the BBC Planet Earth series showed 3 00:00:34,510 --> 00:00:38,970 the world the first images of a wild snow leopard hunting. 4 00:00:47,950 --> 00:00:53,300 For the men who filmed this shot, It marked the beginning of a love affair 5 00:00:53,300 --> 00:00:54,300 the snow leopard. 6 00:00:54,640 --> 00:00:58,880 I just looked straight into her eyes and she just caught mine. And I think that 7 00:00:58,880 --> 00:01:00,540 was, you know, love at first sight. 8 00:01:06,540 --> 00:01:11,920 Driven by this newfound passion, the two men returned, determined to get to know 9 00:01:11,920 --> 00:01:15,760 this almost mythical beast, this icon of the wilderness. 10 00:01:25,640 --> 00:01:29,960 What they discovered went far deeper than they had ever expected. 11 00:01:30,700 --> 00:01:34,220 To the very heart of the cat battle for survival. 12 00:01:34,720 --> 00:01:37,840 The leopard jumped out. She fell down and fainted. 13 00:01:38,080 --> 00:01:39,360 And the leopard took off. 14 00:01:40,620 --> 00:01:43,880 He's saying that if the leopard comes back, I'll just have to keep it. 15 00:01:45,800 --> 00:01:51,620 This is the first film to go beyond the myth and tell the snow leopard's real 16 00:01:51,620 --> 00:01:52,620 story. 17 00:02:04,490 --> 00:02:09,509 Unlike most people who go in search of endangered animals, Nisar Malik is not a 18 00:02:09,509 --> 00:02:11,790 biologist or a wildlife cameraman. 19 00:02:14,250 --> 00:02:18,750 Nisar is a journalist, and he's gained an intimate knowledge of these mountains 20 00:02:18,750 --> 00:02:23,610 and their people by working here for 20 years with foreign news crews. 21 00:02:24,910 --> 00:02:29,810 Most of the news stories I was covering at that time related to Afghanistan and 22 00:02:29,810 --> 00:02:32,870 the tribal areas of Pakistan, the children of war. 23 00:02:33,360 --> 00:02:37,860 The front line between the Taliban and the Northern Alliance and a lot of the 24 00:02:37,860 --> 00:02:41,260 opium and heroin trade that was taking place at that time. 25 00:02:42,620 --> 00:02:48,200 Nisar is now returning to northern Pakistan for one of the biggest 26 00:02:48,200 --> 00:02:53,240 his life, to build on the tantalising snow leopard material he helped capture 27 00:02:53,240 --> 00:02:54,320 for planet Earth. 28 00:02:56,780 --> 00:03:01,640 This quest has brought him to the mountains of Chitral, part of the giant 29 00:03:01,640 --> 00:03:04,920 Himalayan range that stretches all the way to China. 30 00:03:09,440 --> 00:03:14,540 No one knows how many snow leopards remain here. The cats are so rare and 31 00:03:14,540 --> 00:03:18,780 terrain so challenging that many fear they will become extinct before anyone 32 00:03:18,780 --> 00:03:20,220 finds a way to count them. 33 00:03:23,050 --> 00:03:27,850 In winter, Chitral is cut off from the rest of the world by heavy snowfalls and 34 00:03:27,850 --> 00:03:29,690 rarely visited by outsiders. 35 00:03:31,370 --> 00:03:34,350 Accompanying Nisar is expert cameraman Mark Smith. 36 00:03:34,990 --> 00:03:39,950 Together, they plan to spend at least a year in pursuit of their dream, which 37 00:03:39,950 --> 00:03:42,470 means spending Christmas away from home. 38 00:03:42,950 --> 00:03:46,430 I guess snow leopards is about the only thing that would make you come out. The 39 00:03:46,430 --> 00:03:50,090 thought that maybe just up there there is still a snow leopard and you might 40 00:03:50,090 --> 00:03:51,090 just film it. 41 00:03:51,130 --> 00:03:52,130 So, yeah. 42 00:03:52,300 --> 00:03:55,500 I guess it's the biggest draw you could possibly ever won. 43 00:03:57,260 --> 00:03:58,300 Christmas morning. 44 00:03:58,880 --> 00:04:02,180 And Nisar prepares an unconventional meal. 45 00:04:02,860 --> 00:04:06,920 And rather than just sitting around looking at the snow and the rest of it, 46 00:04:06,920 --> 00:04:09,560 thought I'd have a big, pumping breakfast today. 47 00:04:10,120 --> 00:04:11,580 Has that got testicles in it? 48 00:04:11,800 --> 00:04:14,720 It's got a heart, liver and kidneys. 49 00:04:16,260 --> 00:04:17,260 That's great. 50 00:04:19,000 --> 00:04:22,380 Slightly hungover is not probably the most exciting thing. 51 00:04:23,100 --> 00:04:24,760 The one beans? 52 00:04:24,980 --> 00:04:25,980 No. 53 00:04:26,980 --> 00:04:31,880 So little is known about these isolated valleys that the team's best chance of 54 00:04:31,880 --> 00:04:35,380 sighting a leopard is simply to cover as much ground as possible. 55 00:04:38,680 --> 00:04:44,440 Fresh snowfall covers all animal prints, making tracking difficult, but it does 56 00:04:44,440 --> 00:04:47,380 transform the valley into a fairytale landscape. 57 00:04:48,240 --> 00:04:51,580 As soon as it starts snowing and as soon as it starts looking like this, it just 58 00:04:51,580 --> 00:04:53,780 becomes a completely magical place. 59 00:04:55,320 --> 00:04:59,140 What the team does discover is a haven for wildlife. 60 00:04:59,980 --> 00:05:05,160 Makor are extremely rare mountain goats, but they seem abundant here. 61 00:05:11,220 --> 00:05:16,660 This is an encouraging sign, as Makor are prime leopard prey. 62 00:05:26,480 --> 00:05:31,620 After weeks of searching, there's no sign of the elusive cat, and as the 63 00:05:31,620 --> 00:05:35,660 get heavier, animals start to move down to the lower slope. 64 00:05:42,500 --> 00:05:43,900 The animals are struggling. 65 00:05:44,740 --> 00:05:46,220 We can't get around much. 66 00:05:46,960 --> 00:05:51,400 I think it's time to retreat, get out of here. 67 00:05:52,800 --> 00:05:54,380 They need to find a place. 68 00:05:54,800 --> 00:05:56,460 where a leopard will come to them. 69 00:05:56,780 --> 00:06:01,740 But getting the best location for a stakeout is almost as hard as finding a 70 00:06:01,740 --> 00:06:02,740 leopard. 71 00:06:04,220 --> 00:06:07,000 Nisar's news gathering skills will be needed. 72 00:06:08,660 --> 00:06:12,440 His local contacts may provide a lead. 73 00:06:14,960 --> 00:06:19,960 If you tell the snow leopard that you are king of the jungle, he'll take a 74 00:06:19,960 --> 00:06:21,200 back and let you go too. 75 00:06:23,240 --> 00:06:27,280 As usual, plenty of stories, but nothing helpful. 76 00:06:29,480 --> 00:06:34,200 Finally, they get a tip -off. A snow leopard has been seen coming close to a 77 00:06:34,200 --> 00:06:35,200 nearby village. 78 00:06:37,920 --> 00:06:39,740 I just hope it's there when we get there. 79 00:06:40,440 --> 00:06:41,840 How fast can this car go? 80 00:06:45,760 --> 00:06:50,300 Having spent weeks searching Pakistan's wildest frontiers... 81 00:06:50,520 --> 00:06:54,180 Could the team really succeed in a place so accessible to humans? 82 00:06:58,480 --> 00:07:02,320 For once, there is truth in the rumours. 83 00:07:05,160 --> 00:07:12,100 The snow leopard is not only here, but 84 00:07:12,100 --> 00:07:13,320 out in full view. 85 00:07:17,400 --> 00:07:18,900 It's just the most... 86 00:07:19,130 --> 00:07:25,370 Fabulous, fabulous feeling ever. Right in front of us is one of the most 87 00:07:25,370 --> 00:07:28,510 creatures in the world looking straight at us right now. 88 00:07:30,550 --> 00:07:31,770 Oh, here we go. 89 00:07:32,910 --> 00:07:33,910 Hello. 90 00:07:35,970 --> 00:07:41,570 For years, scientists and filmmakers have tried to get close to the snow 91 00:07:41,570 --> 00:07:42,570 and failed. 92 00:07:42,750 --> 00:07:47,630 But now, here was a snow leopard venturing into our world. 93 00:07:48,060 --> 00:07:52,160 No longer the stuff of myth and legend, but a living, breathing animal. 94 00:08:14,340 --> 00:08:20,550 Day after day, Mark is able to film this consummate mountaineer, a creature 95 00:08:20,550 --> 00:08:23,210 utterly at home on these perilous slopes. 96 00:08:30,830 --> 00:08:37,570 Her markings provide superb camouflage, whilst her giant paws and immense tail 97 00:08:37,570 --> 00:08:41,190 lend balance to some very precarious maneuvers. 98 00:08:51,820 --> 00:08:57,200 A wild snow leopard relaxed in the presence of humans is completely unheard 99 00:09:02,280 --> 00:09:07,220 Why should an animal accustomed to roaming hundreds of miles keep returning 100 00:09:07,220 --> 00:09:08,220 the same spot? 101 00:09:10,940 --> 00:09:15,340 Before Mark and Nisa can find the answer, she disappears. 102 00:09:22,510 --> 00:09:27,090 A few days later, Nisar gets worrying news from the local village. 103 00:09:27,950 --> 00:09:34,770 We've just got a report that a sheep herder out here had about 18 of his 104 00:09:34,770 --> 00:09:38,470 and goat attacked by apparently an old leopard. 105 00:09:39,150 --> 00:09:43,190 And we're just going up to have a chat with them and see if there's any truth 106 00:09:43,190 --> 00:09:44,190 the matter. 107 00:09:44,560 --> 00:09:49,680 Perhaps the chance of an easy meal had lured the female leopard into the heart 108 00:09:49,680 --> 00:09:50,680 of the settlement. 109 00:09:52,400 --> 00:09:58,000 He's saying when you get wounds like this, it's only the leopard that does 110 00:09:58,380 --> 00:10:00,980 And it's got very sharp incisions. 111 00:10:01,860 --> 00:10:04,200 I'm still surprised it's so close to the population. 112 00:10:04,540 --> 00:10:09,560 I thought it must have been while they were grazing up in the mountains. 113 00:10:19,280 --> 00:10:25,700 The herdsmen of Chitral survive on the margins, especially in winter, and can't 114 00:10:25,700 --> 00:10:28,460 afford to lose their livestock for any reason. 115 00:10:29,300 --> 00:10:34,520 But predators also have an urgent need to feed and they make no distinction 116 00:10:34,520 --> 00:10:36,720 between wild and domestic prey. 117 00:10:37,200 --> 00:10:42,380 As animals descend to escape the snows, these conflicts become heightened. 118 00:10:49,840 --> 00:10:54,860 As with many remote places, the notion that isolation has led to a perfectly 119 00:10:54,860 --> 00:10:57,860 preserved wilderness is simply untrue. 120 00:10:58,140 --> 00:11:03,360 The population is expanding, and the boundaries between wild and cultivated 121 00:11:03,360 --> 00:11:08,000 areas have become blurred, increasing the potential for conflict. 122 00:11:22,960 --> 00:11:28,460 When the female reappears, it becomes clear that the proximity of livestock is 123 00:11:28,460 --> 00:11:30,460 not the real reason she's here. 124 00:11:32,240 --> 00:11:35,680 So I was concentrating on getting shots of a snow leopard, and this owl stood by 125 00:11:35,680 --> 00:11:38,860 my side, and he went, there's another one. 126 00:11:39,500 --> 00:11:40,720 And I was going, shut up. 127 00:11:40,960 --> 00:11:43,540 And he said, there's another snow leopard. 128 00:11:43,960 --> 00:11:44,960 I was going, what? 129 00:11:45,440 --> 00:11:47,860 And he'd seen the snow leopard moving inside the cave. 130 00:11:48,340 --> 00:11:51,580 And then suddenly, from that hole, pops out this face. 131 00:11:52,030 --> 00:11:56,610 and you could see it was a juvenile it just had this lost look about it and i i 132 00:11:56,610 --> 00:12:01,690 was in fits i was like jumping up and down and mark was like oh my god oh my 133 00:12:01,690 --> 00:12:03,090 let me frame her let me frame her 134 00:12:20,140 --> 00:12:24,500 The next time Mark and Nisar find them, the young male cub has grown in 135 00:12:24,500 --> 00:12:27,420 confidence and is venturing further from the cave. 136 00:12:29,700 --> 00:12:33,820 He seems to have taken a dislike to the local magpies. 137 00:12:49,360 --> 00:12:53,460 He was learning. Everything he was doing, he was mimicking the mother. 138 00:12:53,760 --> 00:12:58,260 She doesn't like magpies either, but he was looking at them as playful things. 139 00:12:58,500 --> 00:13:01,940 She probably considers them, you know, a nuisance. 140 00:13:04,420 --> 00:13:11,160 There is playtime, and then there are times when a young snow leopard needs to 141 00:13:11,160 --> 00:13:12,240 pay proper attention. 142 00:13:16,910 --> 00:13:21,150 Whenever she went hunting, there was this amazing communication between them 143 00:13:21,150 --> 00:13:27,850 where she'd take a few steps, he'd start following, and then she'd just turn 144 00:13:27,850 --> 00:13:32,110 around and look at him, and he'd just look at her and just slink away and go 145 00:13:32,110 --> 00:13:33,110 back and sit in the cave. 146 00:13:33,910 --> 00:13:38,730 Obviously there was a training going on which was not hands -on. It was, look, 147 00:13:38,870 --> 00:13:40,030 but don't come near me. 148 00:13:41,010 --> 00:13:44,830 A one -year -old cub needs as much food as its mother. 149 00:13:45,280 --> 00:13:50,120 With two mouths to feed, the female is under pressure to kill regularly. 150 00:13:53,360 --> 00:13:59,140 News of an even more brazen attack on local livestock is of great concern to 151 00:13:59,140 --> 00:14:00,140 Nisar. 152 00:14:01,740 --> 00:14:05,780 This is the lady. When she came in, she pushed the door open. 153 00:14:06,400 --> 00:14:12,020 And the minute she did that, the leopard jumped out and pushed her back. She 154 00:14:12,020 --> 00:14:13,240 fell down and fainted. 155 00:14:13,690 --> 00:14:18,970 And the leopard took off. This one's actually been eaten from the back. It's 156 00:14:18,970 --> 00:14:19,970 pretty gory right now. 157 00:14:22,150 --> 00:14:26,370 Nisar knows a killing spree so close to where the mother is hunting is 158 00:14:26,370 --> 00:14:27,370 dangerous. 159 00:14:27,730 --> 00:14:30,510 She'll be blamed even if she's not the culprit. 160 00:14:31,130 --> 00:14:36,790 I'm asking that if he goes up again with his livestock and the leopard comes 161 00:14:36,790 --> 00:14:37,850 back, what is he going to do? 162 00:14:38,570 --> 00:14:42,070 And he's saying that I'll just have to shoot it. 163 00:14:47,400 --> 00:14:52,360 With so much at stake, it's a relief when Mark gets concrete evidence that 164 00:14:52,360 --> 00:14:56,480 mother can provide for her cub from the wild population of Markhor. 165 00:15:06,660 --> 00:15:13,340 Her prey weighs as much as she does and dragging it up a slope as steep as this 166 00:15:13,340 --> 00:15:14,980 must take enormous effort. 167 00:15:16,600 --> 00:15:21,360 It's imperative she gets the carcass back to her den so that her cub can feed 168 00:15:21,360 --> 00:15:23,220 undisturbed by scavengers. 169 00:15:24,900 --> 00:15:27,960 But a single macaw won't feed the pair for long. 170 00:15:29,020 --> 00:15:31,860 Within a couple of days, she'll need to hunt again. 171 00:15:38,180 --> 00:15:43,300 Over the next few weeks, Mark and Nisar spend long periods with the mother and 172 00:15:43,300 --> 00:15:48,670 cub. and start to build a detailed visual record of snow leopard family 173 00:16:01,070 --> 00:16:06,290 By capturing the pair on film, Mark and Nisar have started to bring the snow 174 00:16:06,290 --> 00:16:10,130 leopard from the realm of myth into the land of the living. 175 00:16:14,800 --> 00:16:19,160 Just as the crew are starting to realise how challenging it is for a leopard to 176 00:16:19,160 --> 00:16:25,140 survive in this terrain, filming is cut short by a catastrophe, one that shows 177 00:16:25,140 --> 00:16:28,120 how precarious all life is in these mountains. 178 00:16:31,140 --> 00:16:35,680 I was actually starting to enjoy being here with the crew and seeing the 179 00:16:35,680 --> 00:16:36,680 leopard. 180 00:16:36,720 --> 00:16:40,520 Pakistan had one of its largest earthquakes ever in the mountain areas. 181 00:16:40,760 --> 00:16:43,180 Close to 100 ,000 people died in that. 182 00:16:43,690 --> 00:16:47,190 The suffering and the kind of horror was beyond belief. 183 00:16:50,190 --> 00:16:52,490 We lost a whole generation of children. 184 00:16:52,710 --> 00:16:57,850 I mean, approximately 40 ,000 kids died because this earthquake struck in the 185 00:16:57,850 --> 00:16:59,890 morning and schools had just started. 186 00:17:00,270 --> 00:17:01,270 I mean, 187 00:17:02,910 --> 00:17:06,190 you know, I've got children and I've seen children being pulled out of rubble 188 00:17:06,190 --> 00:17:07,550 and stuff like that and it was horrific. 189 00:17:11,589 --> 00:17:16,109 But it had to be responded to, and people like myself or anyone who had any 190 00:17:16,109 --> 00:17:19,310 expertise had to respond to that calamity. 191 00:17:21,910 --> 00:17:28,089 With his unrivaled knowledge of these remote regions, Nisar is ideally 192 00:17:28,089 --> 00:17:33,950 to lead a team of mountain survival experts and deliver aid directly to 193 00:17:33,950 --> 00:17:34,950 most in need. 194 00:17:45,420 --> 00:17:51,060 Every winter is hard for mountain people, but the earthquake had deprived 195 00:17:51,060 --> 00:17:54,300 of even the basic amenities they needed to survive. 196 00:17:57,140 --> 00:18:01,220 Filming the snow leopard have been a high point of my life. 197 00:18:02,600 --> 00:18:06,700 Responding to people in need, and they are my people. I mean, how could you 198 00:18:06,700 --> 00:18:07,700 ignore that? 199 00:18:19,820 --> 00:18:25,460 Six months later, and the humanitarian disaster has finally begun to ease. 200 00:18:28,920 --> 00:18:33,920 The team returns, hoping to catch up with their snow leopards before the cub 201 00:18:33,920 --> 00:18:39,060 weaned. But it's now summer, and the chances of finding them at this time of 202 00:18:39,060 --> 00:18:40,280 year are not good. 203 00:18:40,700 --> 00:18:46,780 In winter, we've established that it has a certain pattern, and you can sort of 204 00:18:46,780 --> 00:18:48,240 follow that, following the herd. 205 00:18:48,840 --> 00:18:49,320 with 206 00:18:49,320 --> 00:19:02,060 scorching 207 00:19:02,060 --> 00:19:06,900 temperatures in the valleys most animals head back up the slopes in search of 208 00:19:06,900 --> 00:19:11,400 cooler weather and greener pastures what might be an easy journey for the 209 00:19:11,400 --> 00:19:16,380 wildlife requires a major expedition for mark and nissan who will need a much 210 00:19:16,380 --> 00:19:19,550 larger team to support over the eight -week trip ahead. 211 00:19:22,990 --> 00:19:27,310 We'll cross that pasture, go over, and then go straight down. 212 00:19:27,730 --> 00:19:33,970 And then we go behind these peaks and see that bullish -looking thing, that 213 00:19:33,970 --> 00:19:35,310 patch way back there. 214 00:19:36,150 --> 00:19:37,570 That's the final camp. 215 00:19:38,390 --> 00:19:41,930 And if you went a two -day walk from there, you're in Afghanistan. 216 00:19:44,890 --> 00:19:46,130 You can almost sense. 217 00:19:46,540 --> 00:19:47,960 why the snow leopard would be there. 218 00:19:49,580 --> 00:19:51,160 It's got to be really isolated. 219 00:19:52,540 --> 00:19:55,720 No film crew had ventured here before. 220 00:20:02,800 --> 00:20:06,880 One of the main reasons why documentary makers haven't come out and filmed the 221 00:20:06,880 --> 00:20:12,460 snow leopard is because Pakistan has an image abroad, been exploited for all the 222 00:20:12,460 --> 00:20:13,460 wrong reasons. 223 00:20:15,590 --> 00:20:16,590 The easy part. 224 00:20:17,370 --> 00:20:20,170 We're 30, 40 kilometers from the Afghan border. 225 00:20:20,450 --> 00:20:24,830 You know, Al -Qaeda has been there. The Taliban have been there. I've done 226 00:20:24,830 --> 00:20:26,330 stories on those things. 227 00:20:27,550 --> 00:20:32,570 But there is so much more we have to offer the world, and no one's taking the 228 00:20:32,570 --> 00:20:33,810 trouble to find out about that. 229 00:20:35,470 --> 00:20:40,570 We're 150 million people out here, and we're not terrorists. We have some of 230 00:20:40,570 --> 00:20:43,870 most hospitable people out here. We have amazing natural history. 231 00:20:44,590 --> 00:20:49,830 And this is a great opportunity to use the snow leopard as an ambassador to 232 00:20:49,830 --> 00:20:52,830 that there is so much more that we have to offer. 233 00:21:05,090 --> 00:21:09,630 A week into their journey and the terrain was taking its toll. 234 00:21:10,290 --> 00:21:11,670 It humbled us. 235 00:21:12,140 --> 00:21:14,060 It was grueling. It was really difficult. 236 00:21:14,960 --> 00:21:16,280 Everything is so steep. 237 00:21:16,500 --> 00:21:17,439 There's no path. 238 00:21:17,440 --> 00:21:18,440 There's rockfalls. 239 00:21:18,500 --> 00:21:20,560 There's mudflats. I mean, it was really dangerous. 240 00:21:26,280 --> 00:21:32,040 The team are heading for a high -altitude meadow rumoured to be full of 241 00:21:32,120 --> 00:21:33,520 ideal leopard prey. 242 00:21:39,170 --> 00:21:44,290 Nisar establishes a base camp some distance away so as not to disturb the 243 00:21:44,290 --> 00:21:45,290 wildlife. 244 00:21:48,210 --> 00:21:54,110 They're optimistic that a place with such easy pickings will be a magnet for 245 00:21:54,110 --> 00:21:55,810 predators of all kinds. 246 00:21:56,770 --> 00:21:59,930 That sounds like a good marmot field up there. That sounds really good. If 247 00:21:59,930 --> 00:22:03,210 there's a concentration of food for something, you're going to get something 248 00:22:03,210 --> 00:22:05,150 coming in. So let's try that. 249 00:22:05,530 --> 00:22:06,530 OK. 250 00:22:07,400 --> 00:22:11,400 The magnitude of the task ahead is felt by all. 251 00:22:41,610 --> 00:22:45,070 Up here, animals are not used to seeing humans. 252 00:22:46,590 --> 00:22:50,170 Mark will have to conceal himself by building a hide. 253 00:22:52,590 --> 00:22:55,710 Now all he can do is wait. 254 00:23:03,310 --> 00:23:08,330 As the weeks pass, it becomes clear that these meadows are not populated by 255 00:23:08,330 --> 00:23:09,630 thousands of marmots. 256 00:23:10,440 --> 00:23:12,700 In fact, only a handful live here. 257 00:23:13,600 --> 00:23:16,280 And even those don't do much. 258 00:23:17,020 --> 00:23:21,460 There's a marmot on a rock in front of me. It's been there about half an hour. 259 00:23:21,800 --> 00:23:26,560 And in that time, it's moved its head twice and its leg once. 260 00:23:31,500 --> 00:23:35,520 You have to go through so much just to get close to them because they're very, 261 00:23:35,560 --> 00:23:36,560 very nervous. 262 00:23:36,720 --> 00:23:38,460 They're like the insurance salesman. 263 00:23:38,800 --> 00:23:39,940 of the animal world. 264 00:23:40,200 --> 00:23:43,880 You know, they just don't do anything without checking everything out first. 265 00:23:46,980 --> 00:23:53,260 With the rumours of a leopard nirvana appearing greatly exaggerated, Nisar 266 00:23:53,260 --> 00:23:54,840 for any clue he can find. 267 00:23:55,420 --> 00:23:58,600 There's not even a needle in the haystack because we don't even know if 268 00:23:58,600 --> 00:23:59,600 a needle. 269 00:24:00,680 --> 00:24:01,860 The haystack's big. 270 00:24:09,100 --> 00:24:14,120 Two weeks on, and it's clear there are no snow leopards in the area. 271 00:24:15,560 --> 00:24:20,680 Mark's frustration at only having marmots to film is finally beginning to 272 00:24:21,140 --> 00:24:22,280 I hate the marmots. 273 00:24:22,500 --> 00:24:27,980 They're just sort of lazy layabouts, sit around all day in the sun, and 274 00:24:27,980 --> 00:24:30,020 occasionally stand up and alarm loudly. 275 00:24:33,060 --> 00:24:36,680 Usually it might hide, which, as far as I can see, is perfectly all right. 276 00:24:40,300 --> 00:24:41,700 But they don't seem to think so. 277 00:24:44,280 --> 00:24:49,420 The alarm call is so piercing, it physically hurts your ears. 278 00:24:49,680 --> 00:24:53,180 And when they get really fed up, they run down the burrows and they alarm in 279 00:24:53,180 --> 00:24:57,020 burrows. So hopefully they'll be deafening themselves down in the 280 00:25:05,620 --> 00:25:11,390 With nothing to focus snow leopard activity, the difficulty of even seeing 281 00:25:11,390 --> 00:25:13,270 becomes all too apparent. 282 00:25:13,710 --> 00:25:19,990 Now you can see why it is so impossible to see this animal. 283 00:25:21,370 --> 00:25:22,570 Where do you begin? 284 00:25:25,210 --> 00:25:27,010 Where do you begin? 285 00:25:35,750 --> 00:25:38,610 I'd love people to see this image of Pakistan. 286 00:25:40,590 --> 00:25:41,870 It's not made up. 287 00:25:42,250 --> 00:25:43,250 It's real. 288 00:25:44,610 --> 00:25:49,670 Sadly, very few people spend their time trying to project this. 289 00:25:53,830 --> 00:25:58,550 Their eight -week slog comes to an end and proves fruitless. 290 00:25:58,930 --> 00:26:01,010 But Nisar remains philosophical. 291 00:26:01,450 --> 00:26:06,190 We had to go out and see for ourselves because we just had stories and rumours. 292 00:26:06,720 --> 00:26:10,320 and if we just ignored them, you never know what we would have missed. 293 00:26:10,540 --> 00:26:12,420 So we had to go out and see. 294 00:26:13,260 --> 00:26:17,980 And in a way, it was essential to put the story together, to piece everything 295 00:26:17,980 --> 00:26:22,280 together, that it's not necessary that you will see her in that habitat in 296 00:26:22,280 --> 00:26:26,760 summer, but the fact is you have to try so that you have a better understanding. 297 00:26:31,220 --> 00:26:34,920 With the onset of winter, heavy snows threaten. 298 00:26:35,760 --> 00:26:41,080 Mark and Nisa return, desperate to catch up with their female leopard. 299 00:26:43,520 --> 00:26:44,920 The signs are good. 300 00:26:45,160 --> 00:26:49,600 Markor have begun their annual retreat into the valleys and the team think the 301 00:26:49,600 --> 00:26:50,600 leopard will follow. 302 00:26:58,580 --> 00:27:03,420 Reports of an increase in leopard sightings have also brought a team of 303 00:27:03,420 --> 00:27:04,960 scientists to the crowd. 304 00:27:11,440 --> 00:27:15,640 By laying traps higher up at the head of the valley, they hope to catch and 305 00:27:15,640 --> 00:27:18,840 collar a snow leopard as it begins its descent. 306 00:27:24,140 --> 00:27:28,240 But Mark and Nisar's instinct is to target the lower slopes. 307 00:27:28,580 --> 00:27:32,620 It's been a year since they saw the female, and now that her cub is 308 00:27:32,980 --> 00:27:37,940 she will no longer be tied to one area and will be free to follow her prey. 309 00:27:42,350 --> 00:27:47,710 What's more, the makor are entering a busy period in their social calendar, 310 00:27:47,710 --> 00:27:49,950 that will make them far more vulnerable to attack. 311 00:27:52,150 --> 00:27:54,610 It's the start of the mating season. 312 00:27:58,050 --> 00:28:00,650 Competition between males is fierce. 313 00:28:12,880 --> 00:28:17,420 With the biggest males preoccupied, the younger males might have a chance to 314 00:28:17,420 --> 00:28:18,780 sneak off with a female. 315 00:28:37,020 --> 00:28:40,760 All in all, the Markhor are thoroughly distracted. 316 00:28:42,080 --> 00:28:44,700 It's a great opportunity for their snow leopard. 317 00:28:46,420 --> 00:28:47,820 Surely she will come. 318 00:28:50,440 --> 00:28:54,660 Well, I don't know, this time of afternoon, there should be, the Markle 319 00:28:54,660 --> 00:28:56,620 be just starting to come down. 320 00:28:57,400 --> 00:28:58,840 Maybe they'll come down to the river. 321 00:28:59,600 --> 00:29:00,600 Mark! 322 00:29:00,840 --> 00:29:01,840 Leopard! 323 00:29:03,160 --> 00:29:04,160 Leopard! 324 00:29:04,760 --> 00:29:07,460 Quick, quick, get the legs and the bag. 325 00:29:12,010 --> 00:29:12,909 Where is she? 326 00:29:12,910 --> 00:29:14,210 Up there on that rock. 327 00:29:14,730 --> 00:29:16,130 Just sitting up there. 328 00:29:21,890 --> 00:29:24,470 Ah, she's got a collar on. 329 00:29:26,350 --> 00:29:27,390 She's been tagged. 330 00:29:30,170 --> 00:29:35,130 As the snow leopard's study was far from the filming site, Mark and Nisar had 331 00:29:35,130 --> 00:29:39,290 not considered the possibility that their cat would be the first to be 332 00:29:42,600 --> 00:29:43,960 You can see the leopard just up there. 333 00:29:44,580 --> 00:29:46,320 And she's just gone into hunting mode. 334 00:29:47,580 --> 00:29:50,320 And it's blatantly obvious. 335 00:29:51,080 --> 00:29:52,400 It's starting to move now. 336 00:29:52,820 --> 00:29:53,820 Blatantly obvious. 337 00:29:54,040 --> 00:29:58,560 You can see the collar as she moves. I mean, I don't know how she's going to 338 00:29:58,560 --> 00:29:59,560 catch anything. 339 00:29:59,680 --> 00:30:02,020 Because that's so obvious, even to us. 340 00:30:05,380 --> 00:30:08,580 This could be Mark's chance to film a hunt. 341 00:30:09,960 --> 00:30:14,200 But would the collar handicap a predator that relies on camouflage? 342 00:30:21,880 --> 00:30:27,020 Well, the leopard's seen a small group of macaw below her and she's trying to 343 00:30:27,020 --> 00:30:30,680 work out the best way to get to them as far as I can see. 344 00:30:32,020 --> 00:30:33,020 Amazing. 345 00:30:39,850 --> 00:30:41,370 Exactly where we filmed her before. 346 00:30:42,350 --> 00:30:46,150 This is the point where she blows it, which she usually does. 347 00:30:47,830 --> 00:30:49,370 Or she actually makes the kill. 348 00:31:02,010 --> 00:31:04,390 Is this amazing or what? Yeah, it's incredible. 349 00:31:04,970 --> 00:31:07,630 What I really need is... 350 00:31:07,960 --> 00:31:11,160 for you to tell me how close the Markhor are to her. 351 00:31:12,920 --> 00:31:17,200 They're about 50 meters or less, the Markhor is coming running right here. 352 00:31:17,520 --> 00:31:18,520 I'll tell you. 353 00:31:20,280 --> 00:31:21,660 Okay. It's about to go, it's moving. 354 00:31:23,020 --> 00:31:25,720 Yeah. It's moving. Yeah, yeah. It's getting ready. Okay. 355 00:31:26,740 --> 00:31:29,160 It's about 25 meters, 20 meters. 356 00:31:33,340 --> 00:31:37,200 For five of the Markhor coming the same way. Are they moving towards her? Yes. 357 00:31:37,550 --> 00:31:38,850 Not more than 15 meters. 358 00:31:39,590 --> 00:31:40,610 Come closer. 359 00:31:41,410 --> 00:31:44,770 Now that one's right below her. Little ones are coming in. 360 00:31:45,070 --> 00:31:47,830 Now she's five meters, not more. 361 00:31:48,290 --> 00:31:50,650 Here she comes. She's coming up the rise. 362 00:31:51,350 --> 00:31:54,790 She's like three, four meters from her. Here we go. 363 00:31:55,610 --> 00:31:57,270 Oh, God damn you. 364 00:31:58,990 --> 00:32:01,010 She blew it. She blew it. 365 00:32:02,190 --> 00:32:03,190 Oh. 366 00:32:05,200 --> 00:32:06,320 She seemed really close. 367 00:32:06,520 --> 00:32:07,520 Yeah. 368 00:32:07,780 --> 00:32:08,780 She's off again. 369 00:32:10,600 --> 00:32:14,360 Markhor haven't really gone very far. They're just the other side. 370 00:32:14,600 --> 00:32:16,260 There's a stool on there. She's looking at something. 371 00:32:16,600 --> 00:32:18,000 She's definitely looking at something. 372 00:32:18,620 --> 00:32:21,060 There's a markhor just down here between the trees. 373 00:32:21,840 --> 00:32:23,660 This time she's got a better perch. 374 00:32:26,560 --> 00:32:27,560 There she goes. 375 00:33:00,880 --> 00:33:02,380 This is deja vu, my friends. 376 00:33:02,620 --> 00:33:06,720 I mean, like, we've got another marko that's gone in the water. 377 00:33:11,680 --> 00:33:12,680 Wow. 378 00:33:14,300 --> 00:33:15,880 What's going on? This is mad. 379 00:33:18,680 --> 00:33:23,500 Collaring a wild snow leopard is a remarkable breakthrough for science, but 380 00:33:23,500 --> 00:33:25,180 leaves Nisar with mixed feelings. 381 00:33:26,480 --> 00:33:27,480 Seeing her. 382 00:33:29,480 --> 00:33:30,760 It doesn't make me feel good. 383 00:33:33,120 --> 00:33:34,180 Not a good feeling. 384 00:33:35,360 --> 00:33:38,680 I'm ecstatic to see her, but I'm sad to see her this way. 385 00:33:44,200 --> 00:33:48,740 News of the first sighting sensor capture brings the head scientist, Tom 386 00:33:48,740 --> 00:33:50,820 McCarthy, down to the filming site. 387 00:33:51,140 --> 00:33:54,300 He needs to gather information for his study firsthand. 388 00:33:54,840 --> 00:33:56,340 Above that, there's that rock. 389 00:33:56,900 --> 00:33:57,900 All right. 390 00:33:58,250 --> 00:34:01,050 The first time we saw her with a collar, she was just sitting there. 391 00:34:01,930 --> 00:34:03,430 Beautiful backdrop. 392 00:34:04,230 --> 00:34:10,290 His visit is a chance for Nisar to understand why Tom is using such an 393 00:34:10,290 --> 00:34:12,030 method to study his cat. 394 00:34:12,650 --> 00:34:16,570 So this study will give us an unprecedented amount of information on 395 00:34:16,570 --> 00:34:18,270 leopards that we've lacked for a long time. 396 00:34:19,469 --> 00:34:24,750 We try to get a better idea about some of the basic questions like how big is 397 00:34:24,750 --> 00:34:25,649 their home range? 398 00:34:25,650 --> 00:34:27,489 How do they react? 399 00:34:27,929 --> 00:34:31,909 When people enter their habitat, how do they relate to livestock in their 400 00:34:31,909 --> 00:34:35,469 habitat? And these are really basic questions. And the only way to really 401 00:34:35,469 --> 00:34:37,610 them is to use telemetry. 402 00:34:38,790 --> 00:34:43,790 Tom hopes that over the next year, data will be uploaded from the collar to 403 00:34:43,790 --> 00:34:47,989 orbiting satellites so that he can track the cat's movements remotely. 404 00:34:48,929 --> 00:34:53,670 So limited is our knowledge of snow leopards that any data from the collar 405 00:34:53,670 --> 00:34:54,670 be invaluable. 406 00:34:55,980 --> 00:35:01,480 When I see her out here now with a collar on, I see a wild snow leopard 407 00:35:01,480 --> 00:35:06,960 what a wild snow leopard does, but just sharing that information with us so that 408 00:35:06,960 --> 00:35:10,780 we can do a better job of conserving wild snow leopards everywhere. 409 00:35:12,660 --> 00:35:17,700 Only recent developments in satellite technology have made this study 410 00:35:18,740 --> 00:35:23,560 But like many pioneering projects, things don't go exactly to plan. 411 00:35:39,690 --> 00:35:44,830 News arrives that Nisar's leopard has been accidentally recaptured. 412 00:35:48,370 --> 00:35:53,710 A dart containing anaesthetic will be needed to remove her from the snare with 413 00:35:53,710 --> 00:35:54,730 the minimum of harm. 414 00:36:14,920 --> 00:36:17,220 It was a real shock to see her struggling like this. 415 00:36:19,060 --> 00:36:23,800 Even though this was for science, part of me just wanted to set her free. 416 00:36:32,620 --> 00:36:35,940 At close quarters, her presence is bewitching. 417 00:36:38,600 --> 00:36:42,820 One of the most amazing parts of the trapping was the reaction of the locals 418 00:36:42,820 --> 00:36:43,820 towards her. 419 00:36:45,230 --> 00:36:49,690 You can see them gently brushing the snow off her fur, patting her. 420 00:36:53,490 --> 00:36:59,790 The surprise capture is a chance for the locals to see her up close and for 421 00:36:59,790 --> 00:37:03,210 researchers to change her collar for one with a fresh battery. 422 00:37:05,950 --> 00:37:11,250 The cuts are cleaned with antiseptic swabs to lessen the chance of infection 423 00:37:11,250 --> 00:37:13,510 she's kept warm when at her most vulnerable. 424 00:37:15,150 --> 00:37:17,990 Every remaining snow leopard is precious. 425 00:37:27,410 --> 00:37:33,910 There was this mystical creature, a legend, suddenly surrounded by humans 426 00:37:33,910 --> 00:37:36,370 were trying to pin her down and shackle her. 427 00:37:37,010 --> 00:37:40,830 And yet, there's a magic that this beast gives off. 428 00:37:42,320 --> 00:37:48,380 It was strange to see humans trying to tame nature, trying to tame this animal. 429 00:38:01,120 --> 00:38:07,780 After she had been asleep 430 00:38:07,780 --> 00:38:12,650 in the cage for eight hours, the researchers were confident the 431 00:38:12,650 --> 00:38:13,650 worn off. 432 00:38:35,490 --> 00:38:37,730 She seemed to have made a full recovery. 433 00:38:38,320 --> 00:38:42,060 But the recapture had sown fresh doubts in Nisar's mind. 434 00:38:42,880 --> 00:38:45,920 Tom, are you afraid of the risks that are involved? 435 00:38:46,200 --> 00:38:47,700 Does it justify it? 436 00:38:48,920 --> 00:38:53,840 If I didn't feel that it justified what we're doing, I wouldn't do it. 437 00:38:55,060 --> 00:39:00,240 You've become emotionally attached to this animal. As a biologist, I know very 438 00:39:00,240 --> 00:39:04,780 few people in my position that aren't very emotional about the animals that we 439 00:39:04,780 --> 00:39:07,000 have spent our lives trying to protect. 440 00:39:07,950 --> 00:39:14,310 For me to go out there and put a collar on a cat is probably as rough on me as 441 00:39:14,310 --> 00:39:15,308 it is that cat. 442 00:39:15,310 --> 00:39:18,690 I don't do it lightly. I think of nothing but her safety. 443 00:39:19,130 --> 00:39:24,630 And I know that, yes, she's sacrificing a little bit, and she's wearing an ugly 444 00:39:24,630 --> 00:39:29,990 radio collar, and she's going to carry it for a year, maybe two or three years. 445 00:39:30,850 --> 00:39:33,430 But she's doing this for the betterment. 446 00:39:33,770 --> 00:39:37,730 of the species for the betterment of snow leopards here in Pakistan, for the 447 00:39:37,730 --> 00:39:39,930 betterment of snow leopards all the way across the range. 448 00:39:40,450 --> 00:39:45,670 But I know that if we do this, we have a much better chance of saving all of 449 00:39:45,670 --> 00:39:46,670 these cats. 450 00:39:47,350 --> 00:39:51,890 But the project will only be a success if the female behaves naturally, 451 00:39:52,110 --> 00:39:53,630 unhampered by the collar. 452 00:39:53,850 --> 00:39:56,010 If not, the data will be worthless. 453 00:39:59,910 --> 00:40:05,010 A few days later, Mark begins to recognise behaviours in her that he had 454 00:40:05,010 --> 00:40:06,350 prior to the collaring. 455 00:40:09,150 --> 00:40:13,670 About 2 .30 in the afternoon, she went off to a cliff and waited there. 456 00:40:19,330 --> 00:40:21,030 There's no mark or around at all. 457 00:40:21,310 --> 00:40:27,470 And then suddenly you could see a few boulders rolling down and there's one 458 00:40:27,470 --> 00:40:29,150 or was coming down the cliff. 459 00:40:38,280 --> 00:40:42,440 and she heard the boulders and she moved around this cliff and took up this 460 00:40:42,440 --> 00:40:47,900 position slightly higher up and the mark also went down away from her and then 461 00:40:47,900 --> 00:40:53,380 down towards this gully and as she came down the screw slope she did this 462 00:40:53,380 --> 00:40:58,640 rolling thing which she does she'll roll right over on her back like a domestic 463 00:40:58,640 --> 00:41:04,400 cat when she does this rolling you know that she's into a serious hunt and we 464 00:41:04,400 --> 00:41:09,090 don't quite know why it is maybe to kind of mask then to change the color so she 465 00:41:09,090 --> 00:41:13,950 went further down and she got to this point and she was looking down at the 466 00:41:13,950 --> 00:41:19,970 markle and the markle just went over the lip of the gully and As soon as he'd 467 00:41:19,970 --> 00:41:26,450 gone over the lip she charged down the hill really long run And 468 00:41:26,450 --> 00:41:33,390 got to this bush and hidden this bush 469 00:41:33,390 --> 00:41:38,690 I was following her down I got to this point, and because of this black -and 470 00:41:38,690 --> 00:41:41,570 -white viewfinder in the camera, I couldn't really see what was going on. 471 00:41:42,230 --> 00:41:45,590 And in fact, the Markle was just right in the middle of the frame. 472 00:41:46,090 --> 00:41:47,390 I couldn't see it at all. 473 00:41:47,850 --> 00:41:50,950 So I was like, where's she gone, where's she gone? Move the camera. And at that 474 00:41:50,950 --> 00:41:54,830 moment, she's charging out of the bush and took him out, jumped right on top of 475 00:41:54,830 --> 00:41:56,990 him, and they disappeared down to the bottom of this gully. 476 00:41:57,490 --> 00:42:02,790 She had made a successful kill, and so even with this white collar on, you 477 00:42:02,790 --> 00:42:04,730 she was obviously still able to... 478 00:42:05,230 --> 00:42:06,290 to survive. 479 00:42:06,610 --> 00:42:09,330 So that was quite a relief to see she could do that. That was good. 480 00:42:09,770 --> 00:42:11,970 For the longest time, I was really upset. 481 00:42:12,250 --> 00:42:14,890 You know, I just couldn't see the justification of all of this. 482 00:42:15,190 --> 00:42:19,770 But now, having seen her hunt with a collar on, it's almost like she's happy. 483 00:42:21,510 --> 00:42:24,390 She seems okay, and it almost seems worthwhile. 484 00:42:28,090 --> 00:42:31,670 The successful hunt is a turning point for Mark and Nisar. 485 00:42:34,510 --> 00:42:39,170 It becomes clear their photographic record will be more important than they 486 00:42:39,170 --> 00:42:40,170 ever imagined. 487 00:42:40,670 --> 00:42:46,010 The researchers will be able to use these images alongside the data from the 488 00:42:46,010 --> 00:42:47,010 collar. 489 00:42:48,730 --> 00:42:52,890 They're far more informative together than either is alone. 490 00:43:08,940 --> 00:43:14,400 Using this combination of science and film, we're finally starting to 491 00:43:14,400 --> 00:43:16,800 this most enigmatic of creatures. 492 00:43:22,780 --> 00:43:27,280 A window on the life of the snow leopard has finally been opened. 493 00:43:33,360 --> 00:43:38,180 Over the next few weeks, another benefit of the collar becomes clear. 494 00:43:40,010 --> 00:43:44,830 In the past, the team had to rely on instinct or rumours to find the leopard. 495 00:43:46,170 --> 00:43:49,070 Now they can use hard data from the collar. 496 00:43:50,270 --> 00:43:53,750 For the first time, the team can actually follow her. 497 00:44:07,370 --> 00:44:12,090 The information from the researchers leads them back to the local village 498 00:44:12,090 --> 00:44:15,710 Mark films her sleeping next to a fresh kill. 499 00:44:16,830 --> 00:44:22,290 But the camera reveals her prey to be a wild markhor, not a goat. 500 00:44:24,070 --> 00:44:29,210 What is learnt from studying snow leopards now may help to save them in 501 00:44:29,210 --> 00:44:34,570 future. But Nisar knows his leopard faces an immediate risk from the local 502 00:44:34,570 --> 00:44:35,570 villagers. 503 00:44:35,770 --> 00:44:39,930 He decides to visit the herdsmen whose goats were killed last winter. 504 00:44:43,990 --> 00:44:48,170 People like this need the support. 505 00:44:48,750 --> 00:44:51,410 They need to understand that there is a bigger picture. 506 00:44:51,650 --> 00:44:54,190 These people exist day to day. They have nothing. 507 00:44:54,870 --> 00:44:58,930 And as a Pakistani, I can empathize with them, that I can see their dilemma. 508 00:45:03,550 --> 00:45:09,650 You have to take these people into the fold if the snow leopard and the rest of 509 00:45:09,650 --> 00:45:11,590 these animals have to survive here. 510 00:45:14,270 --> 00:45:20,670 By showing the villagers images and explaining the scientific study, Nisar 511 00:45:20,670 --> 00:45:24,050 to make people aware of the value of their feline neighbor. 512 00:45:27,690 --> 00:45:30,990 Actually, this is my enemy. 513 00:45:31,630 --> 00:45:34,870 And then he looked at it again and he said, well, no, actually, that's my 514 00:45:34,870 --> 00:45:35,870 now. 515 00:45:38,430 --> 00:45:42,390 This is their heritage, it's their natural world, it's their natural 516 00:45:42,390 --> 00:45:43,229 out here. 517 00:45:43,230 --> 00:45:46,050 If they're not involved, nothing will work. 518 00:45:47,430 --> 00:45:50,810 We must give ownership of the heritage back to these people. 519 00:45:58,600 --> 00:46:04,860 By filming such remarkable images, Mark and Nisar have begun to lift the veil 520 00:46:04,860 --> 00:46:06,900 from this almost mythical creature. 521 00:46:07,540 --> 00:46:13,200 They set out to tell the story of an individual snow leopard, but in the 522 00:46:13,200 --> 00:46:15,280 achieved far more than that. 523 00:46:16,220 --> 00:46:20,860 Who would have believed during our time here the first snow leopard colouring 524 00:46:20,860 --> 00:46:21,960 project in 20 years? 525 00:46:22,440 --> 00:46:25,720 would not only come to here, but also collar our snow leopard. 526 00:46:25,940 --> 00:46:30,220 The issues involved in that are far more interesting than just trying to take a 527 00:46:30,220 --> 00:46:34,900 pretty picture of a snow leopard. We're all now involved in a much more profound 528 00:46:34,900 --> 00:46:37,020 kind of understanding of the... 529 00:46:37,240 --> 00:46:39,560 conservation issues than when we first came here. 530 00:46:40,340 --> 00:46:45,500 If you want to create awareness, if you want these people to feel that they 531 00:46:45,500 --> 00:46:49,500 belong and the animal belongs to them, they must share in that. 532 00:46:49,760 --> 00:46:53,420 So whether you show it to them in the form of a photograph or on a mobile 533 00:46:53,420 --> 00:46:56,900 or whatever it is, it's essential that that be shared with them. 534 00:47:00,220 --> 00:47:05,040 My wish and hope is that they see the snow leopard for real rather than on a 535 00:47:05,040 --> 00:47:06,040 mobile phone. 536 00:47:06,640 --> 00:47:09,200 That's what all the work should translate into. 537 00:47:10,300 --> 00:47:13,680 That should be something that they look forward to in their future. 538 00:47:14,660 --> 00:47:17,540 Not just this image, but the real thing. 539 00:47:27,240 --> 00:47:31,740 I'm aware of the fact that our snow leopard will be used and exploited, 540 00:47:31,740 --> 00:47:35,540 it's for science or for tourism or to promote Pakistan's image. 541 00:47:36,330 --> 00:47:41,690 But if I'm honest with you, for me personally, she's touched me on a much 542 00:47:41,690 --> 00:47:42,690 personal level. 543 00:47:43,130 --> 00:47:48,190 That's something that demands that I come back and look after her the way 544 00:47:48,190 --> 00:47:49,190 looked after me.