1 00:00:01,740 --> 00:00:05,840 The African National Congress needs educated people. Where do I sign up? 2 00:00:06,280 --> 00:00:09,800 The movement is what is going to help our children. 3 00:00:10,100 --> 00:00:11,500 The children that you never see. 4 00:00:11,740 --> 00:00:14,700 Tell me, one day you will be father and son united in this struggle. 5 00:00:15,100 --> 00:00:18,140 Arrest the leaders, all of them. We have a warrant for your arrest. 6 00:00:19,020 --> 00:00:20,400 Shut your mouth, Gaffer. 7 00:00:20,700 --> 00:00:21,860 You're in my yard. 8 00:00:22,140 --> 00:00:25,440 We will get out of this, my friends. This is not how our struggle ends. 9 00:02:24,170 --> 00:02:30,990 I have been asked many times how I was able to keep going in spite of 10 00:02:30,990 --> 00:02:32,950 all of the difficulties of my life. 11 00:02:35,650 --> 00:02:39,450 Passion, love, I found it again. 12 00:02:51,470 --> 00:02:54,510 In the midst of my despair, she was there. 13 00:02:57,530 --> 00:03:04,010 A wife who came to understand my greatest love was my people, our 14 00:03:06,990 --> 00:03:11,310 She shared that with me, our fight for liberation. 15 00:03:13,350 --> 00:03:16,270 But it seemed a fight that was going nowhere. 16 00:03:17,640 --> 00:03:21,640 After four years, my comrades and I were still on trial for treason. 17 00:03:22,180 --> 00:03:24,460 My life had become grim routine. 18 00:03:25,180 --> 00:03:28,960 I was not yet in prison, but I was not yet free. 19 00:03:30,700 --> 00:03:35,880 And I was still unwelcome in my own country. 20 00:03:38,800 --> 00:03:39,940 What do we have here? 21 00:03:40,340 --> 00:03:42,440 A fleet -footed keffer? Aye, stop. 22 00:03:46,670 --> 00:03:47,670 Good morning, officer. 23 00:03:48,570 --> 00:03:52,410 How may I help you? No, no, no. You don't call me officer. You call me boss. 24 00:03:52,730 --> 00:03:53,730 Let me see your pass. 25 00:04:00,970 --> 00:04:02,090 It's Nelson Mandela. 26 00:04:04,550 --> 00:04:06,250 Aren't you supposed to be on trial for treason? 27 00:04:06,550 --> 00:04:10,930 All of the accused are free on bail for the duration of the trial. 28 00:04:11,570 --> 00:04:13,830 Early morning is the only time I can get exercise. 29 00:04:14,610 --> 00:04:15,610 Boss. 30 00:04:18,640 --> 00:04:20,880 You know what I do to cheeky cafes like you? 31 00:04:22,460 --> 00:04:25,960 I take you into the bush and I put a bullet through your head. 32 00:04:38,620 --> 00:04:39,620 You're lucky. 33 00:04:40,780 --> 00:04:44,740 White people in South Africa, we believe in following the rule of law. 34 00:05:14,430 --> 00:05:15,990 Oliver. Nelson! 35 00:05:18,610 --> 00:05:20,070 The great athlete. 36 00:05:21,650 --> 00:05:22,770 How's it? It's good. 37 00:05:22,990 --> 00:05:24,930 How's Winnie and the family? They are well, well. 38 00:05:25,230 --> 00:05:29,990 So, you did not run here just to say hello, huh? No, no. Already you have so 39 00:05:29,990 --> 00:05:32,710 many of them lined up out there. So many new laws. 40 00:05:32,950 --> 00:05:34,290 And so few black lawyers. 41 00:05:40,140 --> 00:05:44,700 I'm sorry, my friend, that you had to take on such a heavy load with me still 42 00:05:44,700 --> 00:05:45,700 being on trial. 43 00:05:47,140 --> 00:05:49,160 I'm lucky they dropped the charges against me. 44 00:05:49,980 --> 00:05:52,040 My burden is not as heavy as yours. 45 00:05:55,120 --> 00:05:57,560 I miss you, Oliver, and this place. 46 00:05:58,720 --> 00:06:00,320 I can't wait till I get back. 47 00:06:02,440 --> 00:06:03,860 You're not ever coming back. 48 00:06:05,160 --> 00:06:06,160 We both know that. 49 00:06:07,220 --> 00:06:10,940 If they do not convict you, they will try and try again until they succeed. 50 00:06:13,560 --> 00:06:19,200 If I am acquitted, I will have to go underground. It is the only way that I 51 00:06:19,200 --> 00:06:20,200 continue in this struggle. 52 00:06:21,620 --> 00:06:24,680 You cannot wage a struggle for freedom while you are in prison. 53 00:06:30,720 --> 00:06:33,380 A favor to ask. 54 00:06:34,320 --> 00:06:36,060 Can you see this kid for me? 55 00:06:37,180 --> 00:06:38,180 Hepatophane's the usual. 56 00:06:38,620 --> 00:06:42,480 Oh, I don't know, Oliver. Ah, come on, Nelson. 57 00:06:43,000 --> 00:06:44,000 All right. 58 00:06:44,900 --> 00:06:46,120 I will take a look. 59 00:06:46,600 --> 00:06:47,600 Thank you. 60 00:06:49,160 --> 00:06:50,160 Ah, 61 00:06:53,660 --> 00:06:54,660 come. 62 00:06:54,720 --> 00:06:55,920 We'll get Nelson today. 63 00:06:56,780 --> 00:06:57,980 Miss, you can sit here. 64 00:07:01,160 --> 00:07:03,080 I was arrested. 65 00:07:03,870 --> 00:07:04,890 Because I don't have a pass. 66 00:07:05,870 --> 00:07:08,550 But I can only get a pass if I have a job. 67 00:07:09,330 --> 00:07:10,530 So what am I supposed to do? 68 00:07:10,890 --> 00:07:13,970 As soon as I go out there to find work, I get arrested. 69 00:07:14,790 --> 00:07:16,330 Because you don't have a pass. 70 00:07:17,730 --> 00:07:18,730 Tell me. 71 00:07:19,790 --> 00:07:21,210 I have this girl I want to marry. 72 00:07:25,430 --> 00:07:26,430 Her name is Nandi. 73 00:07:27,290 --> 00:07:28,530 Does she want to marry you? 74 00:07:29,350 --> 00:07:30,350 How can she? 75 00:07:30,930 --> 00:07:32,150 When I don't even have a job. 76 00:07:45,800 --> 00:07:47,460 I was listening to that. 77 00:07:53,140 --> 00:07:59,020 Maybe you should join forces. 78 00:07:59,520 --> 00:08:04,440 ANC and PSP. Do more with the United Front. The PSP's vision is different 79 00:08:04,440 --> 00:08:09,480 ours. They want to exclude white, Indian, coloreds from the struggle. 80 00:08:10,190 --> 00:08:11,190 They are clever. 81 00:08:11,330 --> 00:08:14,370 The past protest was our idea. They are strategic. 82 00:08:14,750 --> 00:08:15,950 They are opportunistic. 83 00:08:16,990 --> 00:08:19,630 Well, turning off the radio won't stop the protest today. 84 00:08:19,950 --> 00:08:20,950 Yes. 85 00:08:21,710 --> 00:08:26,390 The bloody trial is really putting a strain on our law practice. 86 00:08:26,790 --> 00:08:27,830 It has almost been for you. 87 00:08:28,710 --> 00:08:30,150 The people want to see change. 88 00:08:30,730 --> 00:08:31,810 They want action. 89 00:08:36,870 --> 00:08:38,330 Let them wait. 90 00:08:40,169 --> 00:08:42,090 The treason bus waits for no man. 91 00:08:50,810 --> 00:08:52,070 Good morning, comrade. 92 00:08:52,290 --> 00:08:53,290 Good morning, Nelson. 93 00:08:53,370 --> 00:08:54,830 Day 1399. 94 00:08:55,190 --> 00:09:00,870 It's not a joke anymore. Day 1399 is the day we're going to be humiliated by the 95 00:09:00,870 --> 00:09:01,870 king. 96 00:09:03,090 --> 00:09:05,490 They've called their protest a week before ours. 97 00:09:05,690 --> 00:09:08,950 For one week. Yes, to make us look slow and stupid. 98 00:09:20,940 --> 00:09:22,460 to travel in our homeland. 99 00:09:23,580 --> 00:09:28,820 Now we have promised a peaceful march, but our demands are non -negotiable. 100 00:09:30,720 --> 00:09:33,020 Abolish the past laws now. 101 00:09:34,800 --> 00:09:38,860 We will stand our ground until we hear from Pretoria. 102 00:09:39,840 --> 00:09:45,220 The future of Africa must be what Africans make it. 103 00:09:57,870 --> 00:09:58,849 in Nelson. 104 00:09:58,850 --> 00:10:01,530 Sobuwa is saying all the things that the people want to hear. 105 00:10:01,730 --> 00:10:05,930 Maybe they don't want this multi -party, multi -racial, passive resistance. 106 00:10:06,410 --> 00:10:10,670 They don't want clever colored lawyers and rich white communists to be on their 107 00:10:10,670 --> 00:10:13,970 side. That's why the PAC is growing so much. Ruth, 108 00:10:14,810 --> 00:10:16,470 Joe, come sit here by me and Duma. 109 00:10:18,230 --> 00:10:20,670 Okay with you two? You're scared we'll infect you. 110 00:10:21,430 --> 00:10:25,530 Africa for Africans, that is what the people want to hear. That is why they 111 00:10:25,530 --> 00:10:26,530 joining the PAC. 112 00:10:26,730 --> 00:10:30,530 The question is, Duma, do you want to join us? Because you are too intelligent 113 00:10:30,530 --> 00:10:31,950 for the PAP rhetoric. 114 00:10:32,430 --> 00:10:36,210 Because you don't want the struggle for justice for all to turn into a primitive 115 00:10:36,210 --> 00:10:40,310 civil war between black people, colored people, white people, because you 116 00:10:40,310 --> 00:10:41,570 understand we are all Africans. 117 00:10:42,350 --> 00:10:46,090 Sometimes you have to hold on to what you believe in and be patient. 118 00:10:50,450 --> 00:10:53,110 I want to troublemaker talk. 119 00:10:53,870 --> 00:10:55,790 Isn't it enough that we have this... 120 00:10:56,250 --> 00:11:02,150 Red communist and black leaders on trial for treason. This PAC or ANC, whatever 121 00:11:02,150 --> 00:11:04,450 you call them, they must be eliminated. 122 00:11:06,070 --> 00:11:08,370 Use everything at our disposal. 123 00:11:09,170 --> 00:11:10,690 Don't spare any expense. 124 00:11:37,930 --> 00:11:42,890 Chief Sotuli, as president of the ANC, is the use of violence a tactic employed 125 00:11:42,890 --> 00:11:43,890 by your organization? 126 00:11:44,110 --> 00:11:47,710 The use of violence would be almost national suicide. 127 00:11:48,370 --> 00:11:52,910 Because of my Christian leanings, I would hesitate to be a party to 128 00:11:53,010 --> 00:11:53,809 You say hesitate. 129 00:11:53,810 --> 00:11:55,830 Would not condemn it outright? 130 00:11:56,150 --> 00:12:00,510 The ANC believes that progress is achieved through dialogue. 131 00:12:01,190 --> 00:12:06,710 The accused believe, as I believe, that one day the African people and the white 132 00:12:06,710 --> 00:12:08,110 man... Must talk. 133 00:12:08,570 --> 00:12:11,730 Otherwise, where is the hope for any of us? 134 00:12:22,730 --> 00:12:24,010 Colonel. Lieutenant. 135 00:12:36,460 --> 00:12:37,460 See any weapons? 136 00:12:37,700 --> 00:12:38,880 Only umbrellas. 137 00:12:42,440 --> 00:12:44,120 There's more than umbrellas. 138 00:12:46,780 --> 00:12:47,780 Yes, sir. 139 00:12:50,920 --> 00:12:51,920 Mr. 140 00:12:53,740 --> 00:12:57,040 Mandela, is it fair to say that you play a significant role in the African 141 00:12:57,040 --> 00:12:58,040 National Congress? 142 00:12:58,300 --> 00:13:02,360 We are a democratic body under the presidency of Chief Lutuli. 143 00:13:03,370 --> 00:13:06,910 Will you confirm that all the accused here are members of the ANC? 144 00:13:07,310 --> 00:13:08,350 Why ask me? 145 00:13:09,250 --> 00:13:11,150 All of them have already said as much. 146 00:13:12,230 --> 00:13:15,830 But would you agree that the purpose of the ANC is to overthrow the government? 147 00:13:16,210 --> 00:13:21,530 No. The purpose of the ANC is to reform the government. 148 00:13:33,840 --> 00:13:35,260 Load five rounds. 149 00:14:45,900 --> 00:14:46,920 Is the BBC worth it? 150 00:14:47,540 --> 00:14:51,960 In the township of Sharpeville in South Africa, a violent clash between police 151 00:14:51,960 --> 00:14:52,960 and protesters. 152 00:14:53,180 --> 00:14:55,600 Policemen encountered an angry mob of thousands. 153 00:14:56,300 --> 00:15:00,740 Police say they were forced to open fire on the violent and illegal protest led 154 00:15:00,740 --> 00:15:03,820 by the Pan -Africanist Congress against the new pass laws. 155 00:15:12,940 --> 00:15:13,980 69 dead. 156 00:15:15,370 --> 00:15:17,530 More than 150 wounded. 157 00:15:19,070 --> 00:15:21,310 I say no apology. 158 00:15:21,810 --> 00:15:25,750 We commend the police for their bravery. We declare martial law and stop this 159 00:15:25,750 --> 00:15:29,390 now. Tomorrow the eyes of the world will be upon us. I think we need to proceed 160 00:15:29,390 --> 00:15:30,390 with great caution. 161 00:15:30,470 --> 00:15:36,370 You understand, right there by Sharpeville, 162 00:15:36,530 --> 00:15:43,310 we signed a treaty of our defeat by the British nearly 60 years 163 00:15:43,310 --> 00:15:44,310 ago. 164 00:15:45,160 --> 00:15:48,100 I've forgotten that. We must never forget. 165 00:15:50,760 --> 00:15:56,560 Today is the sign from the Lord, a reminder 166 00:15:56,560 --> 00:16:03,200 that we must never risk humiliation and 167 00:16:03,200 --> 00:16:05,080 extermination again. 168 00:16:05,700 --> 00:16:11,060 We must always remember our sacred duty. 169 00:16:12,590 --> 00:16:15,070 We will fight for our existence. 170 00:16:16,050 --> 00:16:18,590 We must keep our people safe. 171 00:16:32,190 --> 00:16:33,710 You, lawyer. 172 00:16:34,610 --> 00:16:38,370 What did you tell him? What did you say about the past, Lord? 173 00:16:39,150 --> 00:16:40,990 Solomon was such a good boy. 174 00:16:41,610 --> 00:16:42,610 No trouble. 175 00:16:43,710 --> 00:16:45,650 He just wanted to work. 176 00:16:46,010 --> 00:16:48,350 You put ideas in his head. 177 00:16:50,470 --> 00:16:52,130 Send him to protest. 178 00:17:16,300 --> 00:17:17,300 I am so sorry. 179 00:17:20,780 --> 00:17:25,079 We can't let the PAC draw us into a street fight. It's too dangerous. 180 00:17:25,420 --> 00:17:27,859 It's fine. I hear you, but I think we should take some action. 181 00:17:28,060 --> 00:17:32,780 The PAC is split from us because all we ever do is talk. Nonsense. They want 182 00:17:32,780 --> 00:17:37,140 civil war. They want division between blacks and whites and colored and 183 00:17:37,180 --> 00:17:40,560 Look, whatever we think of them morally, we have no choice but to make a stand. 184 00:17:40,640 --> 00:17:43,340 For God's sake, we all agree on that, but we must make a decision. 185 00:17:44,140 --> 00:17:47,080 I don't think we should argue amongst ourselves. 186 00:17:48,140 --> 00:17:50,720 Yes, you are right. But what are we going to do? 187 00:17:51,100 --> 00:17:53,680 Stand here drinking? I can't do that anymore. 188 00:17:55,340 --> 00:18:00,840 Every fiber of my being tells me that we cannot respond to this violence with 189 00:18:00,840 --> 00:18:01,840 more passive resistance. 190 00:18:02,820 --> 00:18:08,620 The PAC has shown great courage. No matter what we think of their strategy, 191 00:18:08,620 --> 00:18:10,620 this crisis, we must support them. 192 00:18:11,640 --> 00:18:12,640 Those people. 193 00:18:13,100 --> 00:18:17,840 were shot in the back as they ran. Men, women, children. 194 00:18:18,660 --> 00:18:19,820 It was murder. 195 00:18:20,340 --> 00:18:27,180 But nonviolence has always been our path from the start. And I am not ready to 196 00:18:27,180 --> 00:18:28,180 abandon it. 197 00:18:28,360 --> 00:18:30,660 Neither is our president, Chief Lutuli. 198 00:18:30,880 --> 00:18:34,440 And as far as I know, neither is the PAC. 199 00:18:34,780 --> 00:18:39,600 We will call for a national day of mourning for the victims of Sharpeville. 200 00:18:40,520 --> 00:18:41,860 We will call for strikes. 201 00:18:42,600 --> 00:18:44,680 that close factories and empty the fields. 202 00:18:45,240 --> 00:18:50,560 We will call for marches that bring the cities to a standstill and dare them to 203 00:18:50,560 --> 00:18:51,560 strike us down. 204 00:18:51,880 --> 00:18:54,720 The PAC was demonstrating the PACE laws. 205 00:18:55,200 --> 00:19:00,880 I will make my own small act of solidarity with the PAC by burning my 206 00:19:00,880 --> 00:19:02,420 public in front of the press. 207 00:19:04,260 --> 00:19:07,600 I know Douma has been longing to burn his PACE in public for years. 208 00:19:12,179 --> 00:19:15,180 I have one other proposal. 209 00:19:20,160 --> 00:19:21,180 We agreed. 210 00:19:22,100 --> 00:19:23,860 Vervoet will attack. 211 00:19:24,100 --> 00:19:28,860 He will attempt to silence us with incarceration, execution or 212 00:19:29,920 --> 00:19:33,320 Therefore, we need a voice that he cannot silence. 213 00:19:33,540 --> 00:19:35,900 A voice that people know and respect. 214 00:19:36,480 --> 00:19:40,180 A voice that can speak from the safety of another country. 215 00:19:43,820 --> 00:19:45,440 I see you are looking at me, Nalena. 216 00:19:46,740 --> 00:19:47,740 Yes. 217 00:19:51,280 --> 00:19:52,280 Who else? 218 00:20:03,320 --> 00:20:04,320 I will miss you. 219 00:20:06,000 --> 00:20:07,000 Very much. 220 00:20:15,240 --> 00:20:21,020 I would like to make a gesture of support for Robert Sabukwe and the PAC 221 00:20:21,020 --> 00:20:26,260 banning this most hated passbook, which makes me a foreigner in my own country, 222 00:20:26,320 --> 00:20:33,100 and a gesture of the deepest sympathy for the friends and 223 00:20:33,100 --> 00:20:37,740 families of those whose lives were sacrificed in the cause of freedom, our 224 00:20:37,740 --> 00:20:38,740 freedom. 225 00:20:39,180 --> 00:20:43,860 This is my passbook, which I am supposed to carry everywhere. 226 00:20:45,040 --> 00:20:49,480 So they will know who I am, where I am from. 227 00:20:50,800 --> 00:20:53,300 I am a South African from South Africa. 228 00:20:53,820 --> 00:20:56,820 I have the right to travel in my own country. 229 00:20:57,160 --> 00:20:58,960 This is all they need to know. 230 00:21:51,440 --> 00:21:54,140 You have set fire to a lot more than your passbook. 231 00:21:55,120 --> 00:21:56,740 It's getting dangerous out there. 232 00:21:57,280 --> 00:21:59,440 I think you and Zanani should stay inside. 233 00:22:00,280 --> 00:22:02,900 I need to go and look in on my other children. 234 00:22:05,580 --> 00:22:06,580 Of course. 235 00:22:06,700 --> 00:22:08,580 They will be at Walter's tomorrow. 236 00:22:12,800 --> 00:22:13,800 Tomorrow is Sunday. 237 00:22:14,560 --> 00:22:15,960 It's our only day together. 238 00:22:20,840 --> 00:22:21,840 I won't stay long. 239 00:22:22,180 --> 00:22:24,360 It is only right that you see your other children. 240 00:22:25,600 --> 00:22:26,660 I want you to go. 241 00:22:28,380 --> 00:22:31,540 The struggle, your comrades, your other family. 242 00:22:33,380 --> 00:22:36,920 If everyone gets a piece of you, what is left? 243 00:22:52,720 --> 00:22:57,720 I'll be there as soon as I give my job notice and I pack up our things. 244 00:22:58,040 --> 00:23:00,020 By then we will have arranged a route for you. 245 00:23:04,340 --> 00:23:05,940 Are you sure you will be okay? 246 00:23:07,460 --> 00:23:09,660 I hate being separated from you. 247 00:23:18,080 --> 00:23:20,820 I will call you as soon as I'm over the border. 248 00:23:21,900 --> 00:23:22,900 Don't worry. 249 00:23:23,200 --> 00:23:24,300 I will be safe. 250 00:23:46,060 --> 00:23:47,600 You can't sleep, my dear. 251 00:23:54,510 --> 00:23:55,510 Is it that bad? 252 00:23:58,470 --> 00:24:02,990 They had audacity to burn the passes for the first time. They coordinated a 253 00:24:02,990 --> 00:24:03,990 nationwide strike. 254 00:24:05,970 --> 00:24:07,510 Our country's on fire. 255 00:24:12,390 --> 00:24:13,390 It will pass. 256 00:24:13,570 --> 00:24:14,570 It always does. 257 00:24:14,690 --> 00:24:16,390 No. Not that time. 258 00:24:17,430 --> 00:24:20,070 We are considering a state of emergency. 259 00:24:20,930 --> 00:24:22,050 A new loss. 260 00:24:27,080 --> 00:24:31,680 You must get some sleep so you can wake up refreshed and look after all your 261 00:24:31,680 --> 00:24:32,680 people. 262 00:24:33,060 --> 00:24:34,060 Come to bed. 263 00:24:52,340 --> 00:24:53,500 All right, you two. 264 00:24:54,220 --> 00:24:55,900 Let this old man catch his breath. 265 00:24:56,460 --> 00:24:57,540 Come and sit down, old man. 266 00:24:58,560 --> 00:24:59,560 I'll be a Tina. 267 00:24:59,640 --> 00:25:01,660 These little ones are really happy to see you. 268 00:25:02,000 --> 00:25:03,800 Yes. Thank you, my dear. 269 00:25:05,200 --> 00:25:06,200 Go with your mother. 270 00:25:06,700 --> 00:25:07,700 What's that? 271 00:25:09,500 --> 00:25:11,740 The children are growing up strong, Nelson. 272 00:25:13,680 --> 00:25:14,700 And how is their mother? 273 00:25:16,860 --> 00:25:18,940 All things being considered, my cousin as well. 274 00:25:21,180 --> 00:25:24,480 You know, when we were first married, I thought that Evelyn and I would be 275 00:25:24,480 --> 00:25:25,480 together forever. 276 00:25:26,920 --> 00:25:27,719 And then? 277 00:25:27,720 --> 00:25:34,400 And then all of this, all that our lives have become, I am already starting to 278 00:25:34,400 --> 00:25:35,620 make Winnie worry, too. 279 00:25:38,540 --> 00:25:45,480 But you, Walter, and Albertina, 280 00:25:45,600 --> 00:25:52,440 your home, your children, you have 281 00:25:52,440 --> 00:25:53,980 held it all together. You are happy. 282 00:25:55,240 --> 00:25:56,900 What is the secret, I wonder? 283 00:25:57,540 --> 00:25:58,620 There is the cause. 284 00:25:59,980 --> 00:26:01,140 And there is family. 285 00:26:03,520 --> 00:26:04,940 Your duty is to both. 286 00:26:07,940 --> 00:26:09,140 Remember this, Madiba. 287 00:26:10,940 --> 00:26:14,220 If not for them, for you. 288 00:26:16,960 --> 00:26:17,960 Come, Tata. 289 00:26:20,120 --> 00:26:21,420 All right, Bagat. 290 00:26:22,660 --> 00:26:23,960 You are the boss. 291 00:26:24,940 --> 00:26:26,120 And I must go soon. 292 00:26:26,640 --> 00:26:31,560 I don't want you to go home yet. I will come around again very soon. 293 00:26:33,440 --> 00:26:36,000 Do you and Mama hate each other? Mama too. 294 00:26:36,300 --> 00:26:37,300 It's all right, Tim. 295 00:26:38,100 --> 00:26:39,100 No, my son. 296 00:26:40,460 --> 00:26:43,980 We will always be in each other's hearts, your mother and I. 297 00:26:44,400 --> 00:26:46,520 And we both love you very much. 298 00:26:47,780 --> 00:26:50,880 Am I old enough to come with you to one of your meetings, Dada? 299 00:26:51,300 --> 00:26:52,300 Someday, Tim. 300 00:26:52,940 --> 00:26:54,020 But at the moment... 301 00:26:54,650 --> 00:26:56,310 You need to go to school and study. 302 00:26:56,930 --> 00:26:58,950 Remember, you are the man of the house now. 303 00:26:59,530 --> 00:27:01,710 I'm even wearing your old trousers, Tata. 304 00:27:01,970 --> 00:27:03,550 I see, and you are wearing them well. 305 00:27:04,370 --> 00:27:06,050 You are a good man, my son. 306 00:27:07,570 --> 00:27:08,950 All right, Miss Kemp. 307 00:27:09,370 --> 00:27:12,710 Come, help me give hugs to Albertina before we go. Let's go, let's go. 308 00:27:17,250 --> 00:27:19,450 This is the BBC World Service. 309 00:27:20,210 --> 00:27:21,770 In South Africa today... 310 00:27:26,640 --> 00:27:30,480 The main opposition parties, the Pan -African Congress and the African 311 00:27:30,480 --> 00:27:33,300 Congress, have both been declared legal organizations. 312 00:27:59,240 --> 00:28:01,220 I need to see your warrant. You don't need one. 313 00:28:02,120 --> 00:28:03,120 Not anymore. 314 00:28:04,280 --> 00:28:05,440 Everything will be alright. 315 00:28:05,780 --> 00:28:07,080 Everything will be alright. 316 00:28:36,590 --> 00:28:37,590 Yes, sir. 317 00:28:39,090 --> 00:28:40,090 Thank you. 318 00:28:41,990 --> 00:28:43,790 I hope your accommodation suits you. 319 00:28:44,830 --> 00:28:46,150 My place is just a block away. 320 00:28:47,670 --> 00:28:50,010 I think this is going to take a bit of a task. 321 00:28:51,370 --> 00:28:52,370 Let's get you settled. 322 00:28:53,190 --> 00:28:55,390 I have to call in a list of embassies you want to visit. 323 00:28:59,930 --> 00:29:00,930 Hello, 324 00:29:01,690 --> 00:29:02,669 sir. 325 00:29:02,670 --> 00:29:03,670 Walter. 326 00:29:05,730 --> 00:29:06,730 Duma. Duma. 327 00:29:07,030 --> 00:29:08,030 It's quite a party. 328 00:29:08,230 --> 00:29:11,650 Everyone is here. Yes, what are the charges now? Whatever new law they came 329 00:29:11,650 --> 00:29:12,650 with this morning. 330 00:29:13,350 --> 00:29:14,350 Nelson Mandel. 331 00:29:22,230 --> 00:29:23,230 Rootsabukwe. 332 00:29:29,690 --> 00:29:30,690 The P .A .C. 333 00:29:31,170 --> 00:29:32,310 thanks you for your support. 334 00:29:33,100 --> 00:29:35,140 And the ANC thanks you for yours. 335 00:29:42,260 --> 00:29:48,540 Ladies and gentlemen, on behalf of the Witwatersrand Agricultural Society, I am 336 00:29:48,540 --> 00:29:53,620 delighted to welcome you all here today to the official opening of our union 337 00:29:53,620 --> 00:29:58,380 exposition. And I'm especially delighted that we have with us the Prime 338 00:29:58,380 --> 00:30:00,860 Minister, Mr. H .F. Verhoogt. 339 00:30:37,550 --> 00:30:38,489 Have you heard the news? 340 00:30:38,490 --> 00:30:39,329 What news? 341 00:30:39,330 --> 00:30:40,430 Somebody shot Verwoerdt. 342 00:30:40,650 --> 00:30:41,790 Two bullets in the head. 343 00:30:42,630 --> 00:30:43,630 Is he dead? 344 00:30:43,770 --> 00:30:46,470 No, both bullets with the brain, unsurprisingly. 345 00:30:46,970 --> 00:30:50,750 Who shot him? Some white farmer who doesn't like apartheid. 346 00:30:51,070 --> 00:30:53,470 Imagine that. I doubt that they will declare him insane. 347 00:30:53,830 --> 00:30:55,110 Thank God he wasn't black. 348 00:30:58,510 --> 00:31:00,030 What is Verwoerdt's condition? 349 00:31:00,570 --> 00:31:02,390 Critical. So it's out. 350 00:31:02,890 --> 00:31:04,830 Habeas corpus has been suspended. 351 00:31:05,650 --> 00:31:07,030 We're living in a police state. 352 00:31:08,040 --> 00:31:11,100 You are now all members of a banned organization. 353 00:31:14,480 --> 00:31:15,480 Anything. 354 00:31:15,740 --> 00:31:19,060 Anything that you say testifying in your own trial that could be interpreted as 355 00:31:19,060 --> 00:31:22,620 furthering the cause of the ANC will expose you to further potential 356 00:31:22,620 --> 00:31:23,620 imprisonment. 357 00:31:25,280 --> 00:31:29,020 My hands are tied. It is impossible for us to construct a defense. 358 00:31:29,280 --> 00:31:30,920 The state has made access extremely difficult. 359 00:31:31,180 --> 00:31:32,600 We could withdraw and protest. 360 00:31:33,220 --> 00:31:35,780 It's not much, but at least it's some kind of stand. 361 00:31:36,970 --> 00:31:40,290 How many lawyers are there amongst us? You, me, and Joe. 362 00:31:41,070 --> 00:31:44,590 Then we conduct our own defense until they lift the state of emergency. 363 00:31:44,950 --> 00:31:48,190 And what if it doesn't get lifted? We keep it going until it is. 364 00:31:48,830 --> 00:31:54,210 Yes? We could cross -examine every witness in turn by every other 365 00:31:54,970 --> 00:31:55,970 Might work. 366 00:31:56,070 --> 00:31:57,830 We could go on with this for years. 367 00:31:58,150 --> 00:32:01,570 At some point, the state of emergency would have to be lifted. Yeah. They want 368 00:32:01,570 --> 00:32:04,570 us to hang for these prison charges if we want to stay alive. 369 00:32:05,290 --> 00:32:07,530 We must play against them using their own rules. 370 00:32:10,170 --> 00:32:11,470 We will stay alive. 371 00:32:15,710 --> 00:32:18,210 So, what are you saying, Deputy Prime Minister? 372 00:32:18,570 --> 00:32:23,450 In the past few weeks, we have put 19 ,000 people in prison. When does it 373 00:32:23,770 --> 00:32:28,390 This separate development, this apartheid model is not the right path 374 00:32:28,390 --> 00:32:29,390 country anymore. 375 00:32:31,820 --> 00:32:35,700 Our duty is to remain consistent with the policies of this government in this 376 00:32:35,700 --> 00:32:36,639 time of crisis. 377 00:32:36,640 --> 00:32:40,880 The international community is turning on us. You saw how critical the British 378 00:32:40,880 --> 00:32:44,780 PM was when he visited this year, and now the Americans are speaking out. And 379 00:32:44,780 --> 00:32:48,260 with the Asian and African countries joining in, we risk isolation. 380 00:32:49,340 --> 00:32:51,580 There's talk of economic pressure, sanctions. 381 00:32:52,200 --> 00:32:55,260 Paul, you cannot build domestic policies based on fear. 382 00:32:55,780 --> 00:32:58,480 It's all well and good listening to these people from abroad. 383 00:32:59,200 --> 00:33:02,840 But they do not live here. This is not fear. It's pragmatism. 384 00:33:03,080 --> 00:33:05,680 We have to see where this is all heading. 385 00:33:06,880 --> 00:33:11,780 Now, as acting Prime Minister, I have a duty to every living soul in this 386 00:33:11,780 --> 00:33:13,320 country, not just the whites. 387 00:33:29,740 --> 00:33:33,980 And I thought we were all blue skies and big game safaris over there. 388 00:33:43,060 --> 00:33:46,020 The inhumanity in your government breeds such hatred. 389 00:33:47,240 --> 00:33:49,860 Thank God the British Prime Minister is condemned to partake. 390 00:33:50,620 --> 00:33:53,400 Yes, but we still have a lot more to do. 391 00:33:54,660 --> 00:33:58,120 Come. The gentleman who sold me this paper... 392 00:33:58,830 --> 00:34:02,670 thinks we are a nation of blue skies and happy black people, no doubt. 393 00:34:03,870 --> 00:34:07,310 Oliver, you have to understand, all the images coming out of South Africa 394 00:34:07,310 --> 00:34:12,870 feature wonderful wild animals, sunsets, Tarzan's loyal natives. 395 00:34:13,989 --> 00:34:17,130 It is hard to believe the propaganda has been so effective. 396 00:34:17,810 --> 00:34:22,070 The government's campaign has been quite successful, selling racial separation 397 00:34:22,070 --> 00:34:24,830 through arts, politics, even sports. 398 00:34:25,469 --> 00:34:27,870 And they promote that message internationally as well. 399 00:34:29,800 --> 00:34:32,100 Do you have that list of embassies I asked for? 400 00:34:33,800 --> 00:34:37,300 I think I should talk to trade unions and members of parliament as well. 401 00:34:58,600 --> 00:34:59,940 It's wonderful to see you alive. 402 00:35:00,220 --> 00:35:01,980 As some say, it's a sign from above. 403 00:35:02,400 --> 00:35:03,400 Have a seat. 404 00:35:16,000 --> 00:35:22,940 I understand you recently made some remarks to the fact that we might need 405 00:35:22,940 --> 00:35:26,760 reconsider our policy about separate development. 406 00:35:27,880 --> 00:35:30,940 and that apart they may not be the path we should take. 407 00:35:31,640 --> 00:35:38,420 I must tell you, at this time, it's more necessary than 408 00:35:38,420 --> 00:35:40,320 ever to keep the races apart. 409 00:35:41,580 --> 00:35:42,760 Do you understand me? 410 00:35:43,200 --> 00:35:44,880 Of course. Forgive me, Prime Minister. 411 00:35:47,100 --> 00:35:49,040 Listen, sir, and what's the situation? 412 00:35:49,560 --> 00:35:51,960 The accused have begun to defend themselves. 413 00:35:52,180 --> 00:35:55,540 They all question each other endlessly about everything. 414 00:35:55,920 --> 00:35:57,240 It's a delaying tactic. 415 00:35:58,440 --> 00:36:00,900 Will we get a verdict before the end of the year? 416 00:36:01,480 --> 00:36:05,020 At this rate, Prime Minister, we won't get a verdict before the end of the 417 00:36:05,020 --> 00:36:06,780 century. Let them delay. 418 00:36:09,520 --> 00:36:11,360 Let them put the court to sleep. 419 00:36:12,960 --> 00:36:16,160 We have a referendum to win an election in October. 420 00:36:17,320 --> 00:36:21,420 And by then, everything must be back to normal. People won't vote for a republic 421 00:36:21,420 --> 00:36:22,299 at Warwick. 422 00:36:22,300 --> 00:36:24,440 We must be in control. 423 00:36:30,890 --> 00:36:31,749 Good news. 424 00:36:31,750 --> 00:36:33,270 State of emergency has been lifted. 425 00:36:33,650 --> 00:36:35,150 Peace and harmony. 426 00:36:37,350 --> 00:36:39,610 Just in time for the National Party's vote. 427 00:36:40,150 --> 00:36:43,170 And the governor's agreed to let you out of here on weekends to close up the 428 00:36:43,170 --> 00:36:44,170 affairs of the law office. 429 00:36:44,570 --> 00:36:49,990 This whole thing is beginning to feel like Alice in Wonderland written by 430 00:36:49,990 --> 00:36:50,990 Kafka. 431 00:36:51,510 --> 00:36:53,070 Do I get to sleep at home, too? 432 00:36:53,490 --> 00:36:56,470 No. You have to spend the night in prison in Joburg. 433 00:36:57,390 --> 00:36:58,390 But, uh... 434 00:36:59,560 --> 00:37:02,100 Don't forget to look into the window of the shop next to your office. 435 00:37:32,400 --> 00:37:33,820 You know that lady, Mr. Mandela? 436 00:37:36,980 --> 00:37:39,180 Yes, that is my wife and daughter. 437 00:37:44,360 --> 00:37:48,360 Um, better go to your office to open the door. 438 00:37:50,140 --> 00:37:51,720 Check if it's safe for you to go inside. 439 00:37:56,440 --> 00:37:57,920 That is if you'll trust me with your key. 440 00:38:13,230 --> 00:38:14,230 How did you know? 441 00:38:15,930 --> 00:38:17,430 Oh, good word that you'll be here. 442 00:38:18,750 --> 00:38:20,690 I thought it was worth taking a chance. 443 00:38:21,610 --> 00:38:23,370 Just to wait and see if I could see you. 444 00:38:26,230 --> 00:38:28,210 There is someone else waiting for you too. 445 00:38:32,230 --> 00:38:33,230 No. 446 00:38:36,790 --> 00:38:37,790 Darling. 447 00:38:39,830 --> 00:38:41,550 I am due at the end of the year. 448 00:38:42,030 --> 00:38:43,030 That is wonderful. 449 00:38:46,830 --> 00:38:50,630 What? I wonder if we'll ever be able to hold our new baby. 450 00:38:51,270 --> 00:38:52,870 The verdict may be in soon. 451 00:38:53,090 --> 00:38:54,410 They have yet to prove their case. 452 00:38:55,250 --> 00:38:58,250 You see, it's still possible to believe in the rule of law. You don't have to be 453 00:38:58,250 --> 00:38:59,250 positive. 454 00:39:03,770 --> 00:39:05,370 Nelson, you should run. 455 00:39:05,890 --> 00:39:06,890 Now. 456 00:39:07,150 --> 00:39:08,870 The ANC will look after you. 457 00:39:09,550 --> 00:39:11,650 We can move abroad like Olive and Adelaide. 458 00:39:12,470 --> 00:39:16,090 I will not try to run, my love. I will not try to escape. 459 00:39:17,350 --> 00:39:19,250 I gave that sergeant my word. 460 00:39:19,990 --> 00:39:21,110 He trusts me. 461 00:39:25,750 --> 00:39:28,470 This is why I love you. 462 00:39:40,170 --> 00:39:45,030 as large crowds gather to welcome dignitaries for a celebration of South 463 00:39:45,030 --> 00:39:47,910 Africa's independence from the United Kingdom. 464 00:39:50,390 --> 00:39:53,670 Congratulations, gentlemen, to our new republic. 465 00:39:54,830 --> 00:40:00,390 Free of interference from the British Commonwealth, the Queen and Macmillan's 466 00:40:00,390 --> 00:40:01,570 winds of change. 467 00:40:02,250 --> 00:40:07,190 God bless our Republic of South Africa. 468 00:40:08,010 --> 00:40:09,430 Republic of South Africa! 469 00:40:15,110 --> 00:40:19,250 The final hours before the verdict were the longest. 470 00:40:20,710 --> 00:40:26,230 After all this time, after all our struggle, 471 00:40:26,410 --> 00:40:31,650 my heart was full of fear and doubt. 472 00:40:33,130 --> 00:40:35,030 What will become of me? 473 00:40:37,230 --> 00:40:38,230 My family. 474 00:40:40,170 --> 00:40:41,230 My country. 475 00:40:47,610 --> 00:40:54,470 You know, all those years 476 00:40:54,470 --> 00:41:01,210 ago, when we first met, I said to myself, this young man is a 477 00:41:01,210 --> 00:41:02,210 godsend. 478 00:41:02,890 --> 00:41:05,150 Whatever happens in this trial now, 479 00:41:06,160 --> 00:41:10,040 I know that one day you will be our leader. 480 00:41:10,660 --> 00:41:11,920 Thank you, Walter. 481 00:41:15,400 --> 00:41:17,660 Silence in the court. All rise. 482 00:41:31,880 --> 00:41:34,980 The verdict in this trial for treason... 483 00:41:35,950 --> 00:41:36,950 It is as follows. 484 00:41:38,410 --> 00:41:44,470 We, the judges, accept that the African National Congress has been working to 485 00:41:44,470 --> 00:41:49,510 replace the government of South Africa with a radically different form of 486 00:41:50,530 --> 00:41:54,770 We also accept that the ANC used illegal means of protest. 487 00:41:56,870 --> 00:42:03,830 Finally, we accept that the movement has a strong left -wing tendency, which is 488 00:42:03,830 --> 00:42:04,930 both anti -West 489 00:42:06,060 --> 00:42:07,200 and pro -Soviet. 490 00:42:08,660 --> 00:42:14,260 On the evidence presented to the court, however, it is impossible for us to 491 00:42:14,260 --> 00:42:19,540 accept that the ANC is in itself a communist organization. 492 00:42:20,940 --> 00:42:27,940 But the crux of this trial is and has always been this question. 493 00:42:29,290 --> 00:42:33,870 Have these members of the ANC before the court been attempting to overthrow the 494 00:42:33,870 --> 00:42:36,330 state of South Africa by violent means? 495 00:42:37,090 --> 00:42:44,090 The judges find unanimously that the prosecution has failed to make 496 00:42:44,090 --> 00:42:45,090 this case. 497 00:42:45,650 --> 00:42:52,010 We therefore find all the accused not guilty. 498 00:43:47,280 --> 00:43:49,940 They could re -arrest you at any moment. We need to move. 499 00:43:50,560 --> 00:43:51,560 I have to go. 500 00:43:51,980 --> 00:43:54,060 We will see each other again soon. 501 00:44:11,200 --> 00:44:12,900 Were they taking you, Mrs. Mandela? 502 00:44:16,170 --> 00:44:17,170 I wish I knew. 503 00:44:17,650 --> 00:44:19,010 Don't you worry, Mrs. Mendele. 504 00:44:19,670 --> 00:44:20,750 We'll find him for you.