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How can I help our Protestant allies?

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Previously on The Real War of Thrones.

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Unrest in Europe.

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In England, Queen Elizabeth I was under
threat from her Scottish kind. But if

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one day Mary Stuart should sit on the
throne of England, then her child must

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one of ours.

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My love.

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In Scotland, Mary Stuart was about to
lose her throne for love.

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Few doubted that Mary, Queen of Scots,
was an accomplice in her husband's

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assassination. Majesty, Majesty, your
husband has been murdered.

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How dare you gather here? In France, the
massacre of Vassy had rekindled the

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wars of religion.

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My friends, the Catholics continue to
humiliate us. Despite the death of their

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leaders, both Catholics and Protestants
refused to quit. I'll bleed those

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Huguenot dogs to death.

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In Flanders, the revolt against the King
of Spain escalated.

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They are nothing but beggars.

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This was the bloodiest period of the
Renaissance.

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The traitor!

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This time, the Queen of England feared
for her life.

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The former Queen of God, imprisoned by
her Protestant cousin, planned to

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While the King of France was helpless to
avert a massacre that would mark the

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history of the wars of religion.

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Murderous madness had gripped Europe.

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in the summer of 1567, Catholic Mary
Queen of Scots was being held prisoner

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Scottish Protestants.

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A few days after her arrest, her half
-brother, James Stewart, had visited her

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at Loch Levin Castle.

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James!

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Help me!

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But James Stewart had not come to set
his sister free.

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He needed to keep her locked up because
he wanted the crown for himself.

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James was convinced that Mary's new
husband, Lord Bothwell, had ordered the

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murder of the King Concert of Scotland.

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And that Mary was his accomplice.

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As proof, James showed Mary what
historians refer to as the casket

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The many passionate poems she had
written to Lord Bothwell before they

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married. Enough!

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Overwhelming proof.

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Mary, Queen of Scots, saw that she had
little choice.

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To save her life, she agreed to abdicate
in favor of her only son, James VI of

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Scotland.

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He was just one year old.

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Until her son was old enough to reign,
her half -brother James Stuart was named

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regent.

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Crowned Queen of Scotland at nine months
old, then Queen of France at sixteen,

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Mary Stuart had lost everything for
love.

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The other side of the border, in
England, Elizabeth I did not rejoice at

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Stuart's imprisonment.

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She may have always feared her cousin,
but she was equally terrified that her

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people may one day follow the example of
the Scots and seek to overthrow her. We

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have enemies everywhere.

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We must back.

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In England, the Catholic nobles were
also in full revolt against their

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sovereigns.

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They would no longer tolerate the
reformist religion imposed by Elizabeth

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the last ten years.

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Elizabeth had once refused to persecute
anyone for their faith, but now the

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queen was in danger.

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For her own security, she set up the
largest network of spies in Europe.

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Elizabeth discovered that the leader of
the revolt was the Duke of Norfolk.

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Once one of her most senior advisors,
Norfolk wanted to restore Catholicism to

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England. Throw him in the tower.

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The tolerance be damned.

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The royal repression was fierce.

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450 rebels were executed.

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And 28 priests were hanged for
practicing mass.

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We may have quashed the revolt, but we
can't afford to start a war.

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Philip of Spain will use it to gain his
revenge.

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Elizabeth now knew that she had as many
enemies inside the kingdom as outside.

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Beginning with Spain and King Philip II,
the most ardent defender of Catholicism

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in Europe after the Pope.

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So to defend herself against the king of
Spain, Elizabeth supported William of

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Orange.

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For the glory of God!

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In Flanders, he assumed the command of
the Protestant revolt against the

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king's Catholic army.

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A keen strategist, William allied
himself with the German prince Wolfgang

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Bavaria. Together, they lent a hand to
Admiral Gaspard de Coligny.

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Once a fierce offender of the French
Catholics, Coligny, removed from power

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the Guise brothers, had since embraced
Calvinist ideology.

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He was now the leader of the French
Protestants, known as the Huguenots.

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On June 12, 1569, having ransacked
Beaune and crossed the Berry, the Dutch

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German soldiers joined Coligny at Saint
-Irie in Aquitaine.

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The Protestant army was now 25 ,000
strong.

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For the kingdom of France and the
kingdom of Heaven!

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Henri of Anjou, brother of King Charles
IX, victor of the Battle of Jarnac some

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weeks earlier, knew that the Protestants
had never been as strong.

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But with all the hot -headedness of his
18 years, he carried on the fight,

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certain of winning.

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The French war of religion was underway.

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For six months, the Royal Catholic Army
clashed violently with German, Dutch,

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and French Protestants, inflicting a
great number of deaths.

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The battles were evenly pitched.

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By autumn, the troops were at
Montcontour, in the north of Poitou.

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The Catholics, who outnumbered
Protestants two to one, took the

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The Battle of Montcontour was the
harshest of the Huguenot defeats.

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Nothing could stop the Catholics, who
took Châtellerault, Nyon, Lusignan, and

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then laid siege to Saint -Jean d
'Angely, which eventually surrendered.

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But with winter coming, the royal army
of the Duke of Anjou was in bad shape,

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weakened by battle, disease, and
desertion.

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Couligny, meanwhile, headed for the
south of the kingdom.

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where he was joined by many Protestants.

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His army in Montpellier grew to 20 ,000
strong.

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From then on, victory followed victory.

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Nobody managed to stop Coligny and his
men. They were now marching on Paris.

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In July 1570, the Kingdom of France was
literally cut in two.

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This situation threatened the future of
the monarchy, and so on August 8, 1570,

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Charles IX and Admiral de Coligny signed
a new peace treaty.

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This time, the Protestants officially
obtained four places of safety, La

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Rochelle, Montauban, Cognac, and La
Charité sur Loire.

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Catherine de' Medici, who was now 51,
was forced to face facts. Her favorite

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son, Henry of Anjou, could do nothing
against the military might of the

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Protestants.

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So she decided to hold out the hand of
friendship to Queen Elizabeth.

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Ask our ambassador in London to present
this letter to Queen Elizabeth.

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On the other side of the channel, Queen
Elizabeth was vulnerable.

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In early 1570, she was excommunicated by
the formidable Pope Pius V.

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The pontiff also informed the English
that anyone who continued to obey the

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queen would go straight to hell.

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From now on, any Englishman, whatever
his faith, either Catholic

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or Protestant, was anathema if he

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supported the queen.

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Pius V called Elizabeth a heretic and a
usurper.

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The Pope considered Elizabeth
illegitimate, as the marriage between

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Anne Boleyn and King Henry VIII was
never officially sanctioned by the

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Therefore, Elizabeth did not belong on
the English throne.

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When a French ambassador arrived in
England, and proposed a marriage between

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Elizabeth and the Catholic Prince Henry
of Anjou.

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Elizabeth saw an opportunity to get back
into the Pope's good books.

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To share my bed and my crown with the
Prince of France.

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Why not, after all?

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This time, she promised she would
consider the marriage.

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At the French court, Henri of Anjou
reacted strongly against the pan

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Gentlemen, look what my mother envisages
for my happiness.

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An old balding heretic, 18 years my
senior.

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And, and, and, apparently this woman is
expected to give me an heir.

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Henri always preferred the company of
his favorite boys, nicknamed his mignon,

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to conjugal life.

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The brother of the King of France made
it known, via a very courteous letter to

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the Queen of England, that he was ending
all marriage negotiations, essentially

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for religious reasons.

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Catherine de' Medici's plan had failed.

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But Henry of Anjou wasn't Catherine's
only problem.

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At 21, King Charles IX was a man in
fragile health.

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A consummate horseman and hunter,
Charles dreamt of distinguishing himself

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the field of battle.

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But Catherine refused to allow him to
make a single decision, either political

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or personal.

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Frustrated by his lack of freedom and
jealous of his brother's recent military

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victories, Charles felt very alone.

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But then he received support from an
unexpected place.

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The leader of the Protestants in France,
Admiral Gaspard de Coligny.

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Since signing the Saint -Germain peace
treaty in the summer, Charles and

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had become inseparable.

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It's believed the king spoke to Coligny
about his unhappiness.

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Nobody stands with me anymore.

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They are all turned to my brother.

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But you are here.

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You.

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My father.

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At 51, Coligny believed that the young
king needed a father figure.

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Someone who could teach him values and
impart the advice he needed to overcome

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his mother's authority.

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The decision was yours.

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Coligny also used their friendship to
influence the king.

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He wanted to unite Catholics and
Protestants against the Spaniards.

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But Catherine de' Medici was certain
that declaring war on Spain would be a

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disaster, especially as she had another
plan to overcome her enemies.

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Marry me, Margot.

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I am the sister of the king, dear
friend, and betrothed to a prince.

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Surely a lowly Duke of Guise doesn't
think he is a match.

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That annoys you, huh? Lowly Duke of
Guise.

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You're nothing but a wretched harlot.

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How can a princess of France prefer
debauchery over the glory of her

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And you, Guise, you're barely worth more
than your father. Get out!

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Get out!

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Catherine de' Medici had decided to
marry her Catholic daughter Margaret of

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Valois, known as Margot, to Henry of
Bourbon.

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heir to the throne of Navarre, a
Protestant.

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At 18, Henry of Navarre was a spirited
young man from Bayern.

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He had a great fondness for hunting and
beautiful women. He grew up at the court

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of France with his father, Antoine
Bourbon.

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Henry was a direct descendant of the
Capetian king, heir to the Bourbon

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on his father's side. He was also heir
to the crown of Navarre on his mother,

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Jeanne d 'Albray.

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Though Protestant, Henry of Navarre was
the most eligible bachelor in France,

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perfect sister of King Charles.

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Never will I marry that heretic, do you
hear me?

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Never!

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The problem was, Margot was in love with
the handsome Henry of Guise, leader of

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the Catholics.

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The 21 -year -old soldier was determined
to avenge the death of his father,

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Francis, Duke of Guise, Catherine de'
Medici's former enemy.

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In the eyes of the Queen Mother,
Margot's marriage to Henry of Navarre

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unique opportunity to ally France's two
great royal houses, the Valois and

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Bourbons. It would also ease tensions
between Catholics and Protestants.

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Catholics referred to the marriage as an
abhorrent coupling.

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The Pope himself expressed his
disapproval to the Queen.

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The impossible can only be made possible
by God, Madam.

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But the impossible was made possible.

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800 Protestants, including all of Henry
of Navarre's friends, arrived in Paris

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to witness the wedding.

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On August 18, 1572, at around 4 o 'clock
in the afternoon, everyone gathered on

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the square in front of Notre Dame
Cathedral.

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Margot was wearing a beautiful bridal
gown.

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Henry of Navarre was worried.

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Everything was running smoothly when
suddenly an incident threatened to

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everything.

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When the time came to give her consent,
Margot refused to speak.

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Legend has it that after a long silence,
King Charles pushed his sister's neck,

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forcing her to give her consent.

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Four days after the wedding, at 11 in
the morning, the leader of the

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Protestants, Admiral of Coligny, was
victim of an assassination attempt at

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Louvre.

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The failed assassination rocked the
whole of France.

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An investigation determined that the
people behind the attack were none other

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than Catherine de' Medici and her
younger son, Henry of Anjou.

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Why?

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Why did you do this?

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It's believed that when King Charles
learned of his mother and brother's

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involvement in the attempted murder, he
was furious. Why did you do this?

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It was in the interest of the kingdom.

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But you're my mother.

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Yes, and I'm defending your interest.

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Catherine de' Medici is believed to have
told her son that Coligny was plotting

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against him and that he was in danger.

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And you, my brother.

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I am unshakable.

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He must be eliminated. No, no, no, no,
no, no, no, no, no.

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No, not calling you, no. It's out of the
question. The Queen Mother, less than

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00:25:00,320 --> 00:25:02,580
impressed with her son's weakness,
threatened him.

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00:25:04,840 --> 00:25:06,080
Join us, I beg you.

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00:25:06,800 --> 00:25:08,660
It will happen with or without you.

235
00:25:10,340 --> 00:25:13,740
And you will be king in name alone.

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00:25:21,740 --> 00:25:24,260
You want this? All right, then kill
them!

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00:25:27,500 --> 00:25:32,240
But kill them all, so not a single one
is left to reproach me.

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00:25:34,260 --> 00:25:35,560
Not a single one.

239
00:25:37,200 --> 00:25:42,260
But in reality, this scene between the
king and his mother never actually took

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00:25:42,260 --> 00:25:43,260
place.

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00:25:45,840 --> 00:25:50,620
Historians say the attempt on Coligny
was ordered by the Duke of Guise to

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00:25:50,620 --> 00:25:51,499
his father.

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00:25:51,500 --> 00:25:55,340
Francis, Duke of Guise, killed ten years
earlier by the Huguenots.

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00:25:56,860 --> 00:26:01,800
An attack that revived hatred between
Catholics and Protestants and ignited

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00:26:01,800 --> 00:26:02,800
Paris.

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00:26:07,260 --> 00:26:14,180
At 3 a .m. on the night of April 24,
1572, in the heart of the capital, the

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00:26:14,180 --> 00:26:17,940
bells of Saint -Germain -Luxerrois
Church gave the signal for one of the

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00:26:17,940 --> 00:26:19,700
bloodiest nights in France's history.

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00:26:31,180 --> 00:26:36,500
To identify themselves, Catholics placed
a torch in their window and wore a

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00:26:36,500 --> 00:26:38,140
white scarf on their left arm.

251
00:26:46,360 --> 00:26:50,360
Harry was in the grip of murderous
madness.

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00:27:21,480 --> 00:27:25,980
One man took advantage of the chaos to
gain entry into Admiral of Coligny's

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00:27:25,980 --> 00:27:30,720
room. He'd been sent by the Duke of
Guise to finish the attempted

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00:27:30,720 --> 00:27:32,160
from two days earlier.

255
00:27:51,270 --> 00:27:53,650
Colligny's body was then tossed out the
window.

256
00:28:29,580 --> 00:28:34,220
Around 3 ,000 of Coligny's fellow
Protestants were massacred in Paris that

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00:28:34,220 --> 00:28:35,980
and over the two following days.

258
00:28:44,820 --> 00:28:48,500
But the St. Bartholomew's massacre
wasn't just in Paris.

259
00:28:50,120 --> 00:28:53,100
The madness cast a pall over the entire
kingdom.

260
00:28:53,700 --> 00:29:00,270
The very next day, massacres took place
in La Charité sur Loire, On

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00:29:00,270 --> 00:29:07,050
August 26th and 27th, it exploded in
Orléans, then in

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00:29:07,050 --> 00:29:13,310
Lyon on the 31st, then Troyes, Bourges,
Rouen, Bordeaux, Toulouse.

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00:29:14,210 --> 00:29:19,470
The Catholics' bloodthirsty fury
resulted in 10 ,000 deaths throughout

264
00:29:20,510 --> 00:29:23,970
But the most famous Protestant was still
alive.

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00:29:35,080 --> 00:29:40,600
As the sun rose on Paris, bathed in
blood, Charles IX summoned his

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00:29:40,600 --> 00:29:42,280
cousin and now brother -in -law.

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00:29:48,280 --> 00:29:49,460
Ah, never!

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00:29:56,240 --> 00:29:57,580
What is it, then?

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00:29:58,940 --> 00:29:59,940
Mass?

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00:30:01,740 --> 00:30:02,740
Death?

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00:30:04,680 --> 00:30:06,140
All the best to you.

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00:30:08,260 --> 00:30:09,680
Navarre had no choice.

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00:30:09,980 --> 00:30:14,480
To save his life, he needed to renounce
Protestantism and convert to

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00:30:14,480 --> 00:30:15,480
Catholicism.

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00:30:16,200 --> 00:30:18,240
Sir, you are my king.

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00:30:34,510 --> 00:30:37,610
I believe in the Holy and Apostolic
Catholic Church.

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00:30:38,290 --> 00:30:41,550
I believe in the Holy and Apostolic
Catholic Church.

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00:30:41,890 --> 00:30:43,950
One month after St. Bartholomew's Day,

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00:30:44,670 --> 00:30:48,430
France's leading Protestant, Henry of
Navarre, rejected his faith.

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00:30:49,370 --> 00:30:53,070
I confess a baptism unto forgiveness of
sins.

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00:30:53,290 --> 00:30:58,030
And await the future resurrection of the
dead. Throughout France, many Huguenots

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00:30:58,030 --> 00:31:00,890
began to convert rather than die as
martyrs.

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00:31:01,610 --> 00:31:07,530
I most firmly admit and embrace the
apostolic... I most firmly admit and

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00:31:07,530 --> 00:31:10,310
the apostolic... And ecclesiastical
traditions.

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00:31:10,610 --> 00:31:11,830
And ecclesiastical traditions.

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00:31:18,450 --> 00:31:22,770
The shockwave produced in Europe by the
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre was

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00:31:22,770 --> 00:31:23,770
phenomenal.

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00:31:24,170 --> 00:31:28,650
In Rome, on September 8, the Pope had a
commemorative medal cast.

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00:31:29,100 --> 00:31:33,660
then ordered a fresco to celebrate the
power of the Catholic faith over heresy.

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00:31:34,900 --> 00:31:37,280
In Spain, Philip II declared St.

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00:31:37,480 --> 00:31:39,860
Bartholomew's Day to be the best day of
his life.

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00:31:42,200 --> 00:31:47,300
In England, Queen Elizabeth entered a
period of mourning, but she took no

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00:31:47,300 --> 00:31:50,880
action. She had enemies closer to home
to deal with.

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00:31:59,210 --> 00:32:03,290
Her chief concern was still her Catholic
cousin, Mary, Queen of Scots.

295
00:32:10,570 --> 00:32:15,730
After a year in captivity in Scotland,
Mary Stuart escaped Loch Leven Castle.

296
00:32:18,210 --> 00:32:22,330
She raised an army of 6 ,000 men to help
her reclaim her crown.

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00:32:24,050 --> 00:32:28,950
But in Glastonbury, Mary's forces lost
the Battle of Langside against the

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00:32:28,950 --> 00:32:31,850
Protestant army led by her brother James
Stuart.

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00:32:32,490 --> 00:32:36,510
Forced to flee, she sailed for England,
hoping her cousin Elizabeth would give

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00:32:36,510 --> 00:32:37,510
her refuge.

301
00:32:41,130 --> 00:32:44,010
But Mary had walked into the lion's den.

302
00:32:45,230 --> 00:32:49,330
The English monarch immediately
imprisoned her in Carlisle Castle.

303
00:32:53,480 --> 00:32:58,400
This imprisonment outraged the whole of
Catholic Europe, especially the King of

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00:32:58,400 --> 00:33:02,840
Spain, who swore to set Mary free.

305
00:33:20,270 --> 00:33:24,390
He regularly sent her messengers
offering support and promising her

306
00:33:51,400 --> 00:33:55,840
Philip of Spain was determined to put
Mary on the throne of England in place

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00:33:55,840 --> 00:33:57,040
the Protestant Queen Elizabeth.

308
00:34:07,860 --> 00:34:14,500
But one after the other, plots were

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00:34:14,500 --> 00:34:16,300
foiled and messengers arrested.

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00:34:18,560 --> 00:34:22,440
In retaliation, Elizabeth tightened her
grip on Mary.

311
00:34:22,659 --> 00:34:25,620
The conditions in her cell became
increasingly harsh.

312
00:34:26,860 --> 00:34:31,500
Elizabeth also stepped up her aid to the
French Protestants. They had organized

313
00:34:31,500 --> 00:34:34,280
a rebellion in La Rochelle, their
stronghold.

314
00:34:44,820 --> 00:34:46,780
A new war seemed imminent.

315
00:34:48,040 --> 00:34:54,110
To prevent it, The king of France,
Charles IX, sent his brother Henry of

316
00:34:54,110 --> 00:34:55,710
to lay siege to the city.

317
00:35:00,810 --> 00:35:06,790
By April, the young prince commanded a
vast army of 28 ,000 men and 40 cannons.

318
00:35:10,810 --> 00:35:15,330
You and your army will block the north
road. That way we'll be able to cut off

319
00:35:15,330 --> 00:35:17,090
the supplies for those Huguenot dogs.

320
00:35:18,190 --> 00:35:22,150
Navarre, now a Catholic, had been forced
to follow the king's brother to fight

321
00:35:22,150 --> 00:35:24,030
the Huguenots, who once supported it.

322
00:35:26,130 --> 00:35:27,450
We'll attack them here.

323
00:35:32,110 --> 00:35:35,850
Henry of Anjou ordered the bombardment
of the northwestern corner of La

324
00:35:35,850 --> 00:35:40,970
Rochelle. But after four attacks, the
city's fortifications held, and the

325
00:35:40,970 --> 00:35:42,370
Catholics suffered heavy loss.

326
00:35:50,000 --> 00:35:53,020
King Charles sent a letter from Paris in
support of his brother.

327
00:35:53,400 --> 00:35:55,740
He begged him to press on to victory.

328
00:36:12,520 --> 00:36:17,760
But by June 12th, after an eighth
assault, the royal guard, sick and

329
00:36:18,380 --> 00:36:20,920
decided to flee rather than fight.

330
00:36:22,380 --> 00:36:26,560
Henry of Anjou wrote to the king, I am
almost ashamed to be friend.

331
00:36:44,320 --> 00:36:45,420
Two days later.

332
00:36:45,900 --> 00:36:50,080
Henri of Anjou was wounded in his leg,
his left hand, and his neck.

333
00:36:57,460 --> 00:37:04,300
Inside the ramparts of La Rochelle, the
Protestants were

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00:37:04,300 --> 00:37:06,320
also exhausted from the six -month
siege.

335
00:37:07,080 --> 00:37:12,040
On June 24th, the Catholic King of
France signed a peace treaty with the

336
00:37:12,040 --> 00:37:14,340
Protestants. Two weeks later...

337
00:37:14,640 --> 00:37:15,640
He struck his camp.

338
00:37:17,260 --> 00:37:21,440
The Edict of Boulogne, which put an end
to the fourth phase of the French wars

339
00:37:21,440 --> 00:37:23,120
of religion, satisfied nobody.

340
00:37:23,520 --> 00:37:28,240
The reformers only obtained freedom of
worship in three cities, La Rochelle,

341
00:37:28,440 --> 00:37:29,680
Nîmes, and Montauban.

342
00:37:29,900 --> 00:37:35,160
They lost Cognac and La Charité sur
Loire, obtained in the previous treaty.

343
00:37:35,940 --> 00:37:39,220
This was unacceptable to the Protestants
and the Catholics.

344
00:37:41,240 --> 00:37:43,340
So it was back to the drawing board.

345
00:37:46,480 --> 00:37:49,440
the throne of France was looking
distinctly shaky.

346
00:37:51,340 --> 00:37:57,180
Since St. Bartholomew's day, Charles IX
had been gradually slipping into

347
00:37:57,180 --> 00:37:58,180
madness.

348
00:38:04,020 --> 00:38:09,920
Days of hunting were followed by bouts
of fever and depression and punctuated

349
00:38:09,920 --> 00:38:10,920
fits of euphoria.

350
00:38:30,700 --> 00:38:34,120
At just twenty -three, the King of
France looked twice his age.

351
00:38:35,600 --> 00:38:41,280
In the spring of 1574, stricken by
fever, his breath was becoming shorter

352
00:38:41,280 --> 00:38:42,280
shorter.

353
00:38:43,060 --> 00:38:47,160
Charles' weakness and the absence of his
brother, who was now the King of

354
00:38:47,160 --> 00:38:50,560
Poland, left the door wide open for
another revolt.

355
00:38:55,950 --> 00:39:00,210
Catherine de' Medici knew that France
was once more on the brink of chaos.

356
00:39:51,720 --> 00:39:54,500
In the last days of May, Charles' health
worsened.

357
00:39:57,420 --> 00:39:58,720
The body of Christ.

358
00:40:09,040 --> 00:40:13,020
Like all kings, Charles knew he must die
in public.

359
00:40:23,470 --> 00:40:29,330
So after hearing mass on Whitsunday, he
called for his young brother, Francis,

360
00:40:29,430 --> 00:40:32,910
Duke of Alençon, and his cousin, Henry
of Navarre.

361
00:40:33,630 --> 00:40:38,390
My brother, please hear my will and
uphold it.

362
00:40:39,690 --> 00:40:44,090
Take greater care of the kingdom than of
yourselves.

363
00:40:45,490 --> 00:40:50,270
Charles asked Francis and Navarre to
agree to his brother, Henry, King of

364
00:40:50,270 --> 00:40:52,610
Poland, succeeding him to the throne.

365
00:40:55,630 --> 00:40:58,150
Then his mother came to his bedside.

366
00:41:07,990 --> 00:41:08,990
My child.

367
00:41:10,330 --> 00:41:11,330
My child.

368
00:41:13,350 --> 00:41:17,010
Your condition no longer allows you to
ensure the affairs of the kingdom.

369
00:41:21,810 --> 00:41:23,090
For its safeguard.

370
00:41:25,100 --> 00:41:30,220
And like in the first hours of your
reign, I beg you to place your trust in

371
00:41:33,640 --> 00:41:38,300
Entrust me with the regency. I promise
you to continue your work.

372
00:41:41,560 --> 00:41:46,740
Once again, Catherine de' Medici put her
role as queen ahead of that of mother.

373
00:41:53,960 --> 00:41:57,000
You will do exactly as my mother
commands.

374
00:42:01,620 --> 00:42:03,960
You will obey her as you did me.

375
00:42:09,960 --> 00:42:15,880
Now, madam,

376
00:42:17,280 --> 00:42:21,340
I feel it is time to take my leave and
bid you farewell.

377
00:42:28,940 --> 00:42:30,500
Adieu, my queen.

378
00:42:32,980 --> 00:42:35,960
Adieu, my mother.

379
00:42:43,160 --> 00:42:48,900
Charles IX, who was only 24 years old,
died a few hours later from

380
00:42:55,600 --> 00:43:00,380
The young man who dreamed of honor and
glory would forever be seen as a

381
00:43:00,380 --> 00:43:03,960
madman who ordered the St. Bartholomew's
Day Massacre.

382
00:43:06,200 --> 00:43:11,460
On his death, it fell to his brother
Henry of Anjou to ascend to the throne

383
00:43:11,460 --> 00:43:12,460
France.

384
00:43:13,120 --> 00:43:17,240
Catherine de' Medici placed all her
hopes in Henry to finally end the French

385
00:43:17,240 --> 00:43:18,240
wars of religion.

386
00:43:18,860 --> 00:43:23,060
Did she know that the Protestants of
Europe We're now supporting Henry of

387
00:43:23,060 --> 00:43:25,620
Navarre, the most powerful man in
France.