1 00:00:00,030 --> 00:00:07,030 Synced to file: No.End.in.Sight.2007.720p.WEBRip.AAC2.0.x264-FGT 2 00:00:13,631 --> 00:00:16,006 DONALD RUMSFELD (Secretary of Defense 2001-2006) The... 3 00:00:16,007 --> 00:00:17,868 great respect that I have... 4 00:00:17,869 --> 00:00:20,161 for your leadership, mister President... 5 00:00:20,162 --> 00:00:21,515 in this... 6 00:00:21,516 --> 00:00:23,327 little understood 7 00:00:23,328 --> 00:00:25,809 unfamiliar...war 8 00:00:25,810 --> 00:00:28,781 The first war in the 21st century. 9 00:00:31,727 --> 00:00:35,000 It is not well known, it was not well understood... 10 00:00:35,001 --> 00:00:38,377 It is complex for people to comprehend... 11 00:00:38,387 --> 00:00:42,325 and I know with certainty that over time... 12 00:00:42,326 --> 00:00:43,441 the... 13 00:00:43,442 --> 00:00:47,743 contributions you made, will be recorded by history. 14 00:01:02,629 --> 00:01:05,527 NO END IN SIGHT 15 00:01:25,085 --> 00:01:27,380 Thank You U.S.A 16 00:02:26,215 --> 00:02:31,013 Baghdad, Iraq 2006 17 00:03:01,848 --> 00:03:06,285 We severely condemn criminal action by U.S forces. 18 00:03:06,286 --> 00:03:10,253 We mourn the catastrophe by the hands of evil forces. 19 00:03:21,467 --> 00:03:24,570 We demand the execution of the Wahabi unbelievers 20 00:03:24,571 --> 00:03:26,738 who have the support of the Americans. 21 00:03:26,739 --> 00:03:28,974 They have been arrested 22 00:03:28,975 --> 00:03:33,145 and admitted their guilt before all who saw them. 23 00:03:33,146 --> 00:03:37,182 We demand their execution. 24 00:03:38,918 --> 00:03:42,354 On May 1, 2003, president George W. Bush... 25 00:03:42,355 --> 00:03:46,491 declared an end to major combat operations in Iraq, and said... 26 00:03:46,492 --> 00:03:51,429 " In the battle of Iraq, the US and our allies have prevailed. " 27 00:04:16,356 --> 00:04:19,591 Four years later, after over 3,000 american deaths... 28 00:04:19,592 --> 00:04:22,154 and over 20,000 american wounded,... 29 00:04:22,155 --> 00:04:25,267 Iraq has disintegrated into chaos. 30 00:04:25,514 --> 00:04:29,726 Baghdad suffers from ten to fifteen bombings a day... 31 00:04:29,727 --> 00:04:32,457 perhaps 50 deceased in act of service... 32 00:04:32,458 --> 00:04:35,302 but I suspect that's drastically underreported 33 00:04:35,303 --> 00:04:39,284 We're probably catch a third of what's actually occurring. 34 00:04:39,285 --> 00:04:42,202 Millions of Iraqis have lost access to drinking water... 35 00:04:42,203 --> 00:04:45,676 sewage treatment and electricity since the invasion. 36 00:04:45,677 --> 00:04:47,920 Baghdad, a city of 6 million... 37 00:04:47,921 --> 00:04:52,329 has been under an 8 PM curfew since March of 2006. 38 00:04:52,330 --> 00:04:56,351 Over 3 million Iraqis have fled to neighbouring countries. 39 00:04:56,444 --> 00:05:01,833 Estimates of the civilian death toll range as high as 600,000 40 00:05:01,834 --> 00:05:04,703 People who... die are lucky... 41 00:05:05,438 --> 00:05:08,917 But people living,... they are dead while they're alive. 42 00:05:08,918 --> 00:05:13,603 The west and the north of Iraq are controlled by the insurgents. 43 00:05:13,646 --> 00:05:16,749 The rest of Iraq is controlled by the militias. 44 00:05:16,792 --> 00:05:21,453 Iraq's two major moslem groups, the Chiít majority and Sunni minority... 45 00:05:21,454 --> 00:05:23,555 are increasingly in war. 46 00:05:24,116 --> 00:05:26,216 They executed them for being Sunnis. 47 00:05:26,259 --> 00:05:29,828 We have been living together until this day. 48 00:05:29,829 --> 00:05:35,634 This is an Iranian wave against us. An Iranian wave. 49 00:05:35,635 --> 00:05:38,770 We are Muslims. How is this possible? 50 00:05:38,771 --> 00:05:41,707 They say they are the Army of Mahdi. 51 00:05:41,708 --> 00:05:43,342 Is this what the Mahdi army does? 52 00:05:43,343 --> 00:05:45,510 Look what he's become. 53 00:05:45,511 --> 00:05:48,079 Open the sack, let them see his face. 54 00:06:14,402 --> 00:06:18,477 From January, 2003 until January, 2005... 55 00:06:18,478 --> 00:06:20,912 I was a president of the National Council of Intelligence. 56 00:06:20,913 --> 00:06:27,208 We produced the first national estimate on the state of the insugency in Iraq. 57 00:06:27,309 --> 00:06:29,020 The estimate delivered pretty bad news. 58 00:06:29,063 --> 00:06:32,895 It basically laid out bad, worse and worsed scenarios. 59 00:06:32,938 --> 00:06:34,922 The president called it guesswork... 60 00:06:35,007 --> 00:06:38,003 and his press spokesman called it... 61 00:06:38,456 --> 00:06:40,796 Hand-wringing and Nay-saying. 62 00:06:42,206 --> 00:06:45,294 What was only reveling to me was the president hadn't read it. 63 00:06:45,405 --> 00:06:49,964 This is the history of America's invasion of Iraq. 64 00:06:56,015 --> 00:06:59,482 It is a story in which many people tried to save a nation. 65 00:07:13,090 --> 00:07:17,298 On September 11, 2001 was a very clear, bright beautiful day. 66 00:07:17,419 --> 00:07:20,674 I had just come back from the Pentagon barber-shop. 67 00:07:21,179 --> 00:07:25,168 walked by my office and glanced up on the TV-screen, and... 68 00:07:25,236 --> 00:07:26,458 there was... 69 00:07:26,501 --> 00:07:29,137 one of the twin-towers burning. 70 00:07:29,649 --> 00:07:32,113 Pentagon Surveillance Camera 71 00:07:32,185 --> 00:07:34,856 We never heard the plane comming in at least I didn't. 72 00:07:35,427 --> 00:07:39,227 Suddenly, the whole world turned upside down. 73 00:07:39,625 --> 00:07:41,927 I saw that fire-ball... and... I tell you... 74 00:07:42,116 --> 00:07:45,341 I saw that.. and I said to my self I'm going to die today. 75 00:07:45,423 --> 00:07:49,300 That plane had come directly under our section of the offices. 76 00:07:49,343 --> 00:07:50,766 The Army budget office. 77 00:07:50,828 --> 00:07:55,355 where 38 Army employees where killed was directley beneath us. 78 00:07:55,457 --> 00:07:59,478 and the Navy's new command center, was two floors beneath us 79 00:07:59,479 --> 00:08:02,423 everybody was killed in those two sections. 80 00:08:02,473 --> 00:08:05,475 This was something Osama Bin Laden had orchestrated... 81 00:08:05,518 --> 00:08:07,854 because he was the only terrorist I could think of... 82 00:08:07,946 --> 00:08:09,308 who could have 83 00:08:09,351 --> 00:08:11,033 coordinated this kind of activity. 84 00:08:11,076 --> 00:08:14,117 - So you had this thought think immediately? - Immediately. Immediately. 85 00:08:15,820 --> 00:08:19,228 A month after September 11, the US entered Afghanistan... 86 00:08:19,271 --> 00:08:22,073 in search of Al Qaeda and of Osama Bin Laden. 87 00:08:22,168 --> 00:08:25,697 But even before the Afghan war several senior administaration officials... 88 00:08:25,740 --> 00:08:27,474 were looking at another target. 89 00:08:27,540 --> 00:08:30,506 One that had nothing to do with the 9/11 attacks. 90 00:08:31,541 --> 00:08:34,586 When the plane(s ?) hit the Pentagon, I was in the building. 91 00:08:34,693 --> 00:08:38,760 And then...I guess the next... big thing that sort of happened, was we... 92 00:08:38,817 --> 00:08:40,368 immidialely got tasked... 93 00:08:40,411 --> 00:08:42,454 to see if we could draw any relationship 94 00:08:42,547 --> 00:08:45,079 between Saddam and Al Qaeda. 95 00:08:45,217 --> 00:08:47,311 I went right away to the... 96 00:08:47,380 --> 00:08:49,902 to the counter terrorism...group... 97 00:08:49,977 --> 00:08:52,089 to their chief Iraqi analyst.. 98 00:08:52,164 --> 00:08:54,593 And the two of us sat down over a few days... 99 00:08:54,636 --> 00:08:57,996 and looked at... all the historical reportning that we could go through 100 00:08:58,039 --> 00:08:59,462 In which you conclude? 101 00:08:59,505 --> 00:09:01,966 Well we concluded that there was no relation. 102 00:09:02,009 --> 00:09:07,791 His regime aids and protects terrorists, including members of Al Qaeda. 103 00:09:07,900 --> 00:09:11,216 We continue to watch Iraq's involment in terrorist activities. 104 00:09:11,329 --> 00:09:13,431 What I want to bring to your attention today, is... 105 00:09:13,514 --> 00:09:17,000 the potentially much more sinister nexus between... 106 00:09:17,063 --> 00:09:19,157 Iraq and the Al Qaeda terrorist network. 107 00:09:19,226 --> 00:09:21,895 We don't want the smoking gun to be a mushroom cloud. 108 00:09:22,158 --> 00:09:23,471 Iraq has drones 109 00:09:23,532 --> 00:09:25,963 and they'ar gonna take this drones and put them on this ships 110 00:09:26,006 --> 00:09:29,613 and they'ar gona arm the drones with... chemical biological weapon... 111 00:09:29,656 --> 00:09:32,038 and they'ar gona fly these drones of the ships... 112 00:09:32,104 --> 00:09:34,441 and attack the east coast of US. 113 00:09:34,465 --> 00:09:36,599 You know, this is absolut fantasy land. 114 00:09:38,149 --> 00:09:39,678 I don't know what they were smoking... 115 00:09:39,679 --> 00:09:41,830 but it must have been very good. 116 00:09:41,914 --> 00:09:45,135 George W. Bush's, foreign policy inner circle. 117 00:09:45,239 --> 00:09:47,707 Cheney, Rumsfeld and Wolfowitz... 118 00:09:47,766 --> 00:09:51,206 set the administration on course for war with Iraq. 119 00:09:51,324 --> 00:09:53,818 Condolezza Rice sided with them. 120 00:09:53,893 --> 00:09:55,794 Colin Powell and Richard Armitage... 121 00:09:55,795 --> 00:09:58,362 the only senior officials with combat experience... 122 00:09:58,409 --> 00:10:00,232 expressed concerns privately.... 123 00:10:00,275 --> 00:10:02,923 but supported the administration in public. 124 00:10:03,216 --> 00:10:07,680 HISTORY 125 00:10:09,075 --> 00:10:12,010 Bush's advisors had been involved with Saddam Hussein... 126 00:10:12,011 --> 00:10:14,778 since he invaded Iran in 1980... 127 00:10:14,847 --> 00:10:17,756 in a brutal war that killed nearly a million people. 128 00:10:17,831 --> 00:10:19,409 Iraq used chemical weapon... 129 00:10:19,452 --> 00:10:23,078 against both the Iranian military and innocent civilans. 130 00:10:23,155 --> 00:10:25,056 Saddam invested billions (n x 10^9) of dollars... 131 00:10:25,057 --> 00:10:28,190 in nuclear, chemical and biological weapons programs 132 00:10:28,233 --> 00:10:31,705 while murdering 300,000 of his own citizens. 133 00:10:31,998 --> 00:10:34,432 But the Reagan administration, fearing Iran 134 00:10:34,521 --> 00:10:38,458 supported Saddam with military intelligence and economic aid. 135 00:10:38,537 --> 00:10:41,710 Donald Rumsfeld met with Saddam in 1983. 136 00:10:41,874 --> 00:10:44,609 Colin Powell was Reagan's national security advisor 137 00:10:44,610 --> 00:10:47,012 from 1987 to 1989. 138 00:10:47,077 --> 00:10:48,793 The 80s really summed up... 139 00:10:49,366 --> 00:10:51,773 in a dreadfull... but very very telling 140 00:10:51,875 --> 00:10:53,492 State Departement document... 141 00:10:53,607 --> 00:10:55,435 from 1987... 142 00:10:55,637 --> 00:10:56,813 which said... 143 00:10:56,856 --> 00:11:01,565 human rights and chemical weapons used aside,... 144 00:11:02,028 --> 00:11:05,296 our interest run roughly parallell to those of Iraq. 145 00:11:05,399 --> 00:11:09,366 The Iran - Iraq war ends in stalemate in 1988. 146 00:11:09,624 --> 00:11:12,544 In 1990, Saddam invades Kuwait. 147 00:11:12,925 --> 00:11:15,094 A US lead coalition expelles him... 148 00:11:15,137 --> 00:11:19,093 in a war masterminded by Dick Cheney, then Secretary of Defense... 149 00:11:19,218 --> 00:11:22,772 Paul Wolfowitz, then Under Secretary of Defense for Policy... 150 00:11:22,815 --> 00:11:26,821 and Colin Powell, then Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. 151 00:11:26,931 --> 00:11:30,934 The first President Bush urges the Iraqi's to stage a coup against Saddam. 152 00:11:30,990 --> 00:11:33,958 There is another way for the bloodshed to stop... 153 00:11:34,160 --> 00:11:38,996 and that is for the Iraqi military and the Iraqi people... 154 00:11:39,065 --> 00:11:40,899 to take matters into their own hands 155 00:11:40,942 --> 00:11:43,609 and force Saddam Hussein, the dictator.... 156 00:11:43,766 --> 00:11:45,112 to step aside... 157 00:11:45,171 --> 00:11:47,706 Yet when Iraq's southern Shiit's rise up 158 00:11:47,781 --> 00:11:50,511 the administration allows Saddam to repress them 159 00:11:50,612 --> 00:11:54,567 14... out of Iraq's 18 govenors (provinces)... 160 00:11:54,610 --> 00:11:56,615 where under rebel control... 161 00:11:56,716 --> 00:12:00,719 when general Schwartzkopf... allowed... Saddam Hussein 162 00:12:00,762 --> 00:12:03,780 to use... helicopter gunships... 163 00:12:03,823 --> 00:12:07,609 to massacre... the rebels..., men, women and children. 164 00:12:07,660 --> 00:12:11,128 The 1991 armistice requires Iraq to disarm. 165 00:12:11,229 --> 00:12:13,356 but Saddam refuses to comply. 166 00:12:13,468 --> 00:12:15,667 As a results Iraq's economy crumbles 167 00:12:15,668 --> 00:12:18,961 under a UN embargo instituted in 1993 168 00:12:19,030 --> 00:12:21,717 and continued by the Clinton administration 169 00:12:21,938 --> 00:12:24,406 Saddam's favored elite remain welthy 170 00:12:24,580 --> 00:12:27,616 but ordinary Iraqis are plunged into extreme poverty 171 00:12:27,700 --> 00:12:30,339 and many turned fundamentalist Islam 172 00:12:31,517 --> 00:12:35,086 In 1993, when George Bush senior visits Kuwait... 173 00:12:35,087 --> 00:12:37,484 Saddam attempts to assissnate him. 174 00:12:37,857 --> 00:12:41,694 Seven years later, his son is elected president of the US. 175 00:12:41,761 --> 00:12:45,363 When you see the same architects of those policies... 176 00:12:45,364 --> 00:12:47,138 on the one hand, talking about 177 00:12:47,181 --> 00:12:51,041 getting right what they had gotten wrong, back in 1991, you know... 178 00:12:51,088 --> 00:12:52,557 finishing the job. 179 00:12:52,638 --> 00:12:55,841 I was tempting to say, well... mybe they've learned. 180 00:12:56,162 --> 00:13:02,100 Saddam Hussein and his sons... must leave Iraq within 48 hours. 181 00:13:02,228 --> 00:13:06,024 A refusal to do so, will result in military conflict... 182 00:13:06,143 --> 00:13:09,150 commenced... at a time of our choosing. 183 00:13:09,255 --> 00:13:13,792 NATIONAL SECURITY PRESIDENTIAL DIRECTIVE - NUMBER 24 184 00:13:13,867 --> 00:13:18,183 If you want to date the beginning of the disaster of postwar Iraq... 185 00:13:18,226 --> 00:13:21,386 it would be January 20, 2003... 186 00:13:21,465 --> 00:13:25,177 when Bush signed without, as far as I can tell... 187 00:13:25,241 --> 00:13:28,744 any real discussion within the White House or the administration... 188 00:13:29,120 --> 00:13:33,259 National Security Presidential Directive - Number 24 189 00:13:33,364 --> 00:13:36,705 which gave control of postwar Iraq to the Pentagon. 190 00:13:36,840 --> 00:13:39,876 That document essentially made Donald Rumsfeld... 191 00:13:39,999 --> 00:13:42,532 the main actor on postwar Iraq. 192 00:13:42,621 --> 00:13:46,581 This war was conceived by a very small group of people inside 193 00:13:46,632 --> 00:13:48,620 the Bush administration. 194 00:13:48,663 --> 00:13:53,761 they had an entirely and naive vision of what Iraq was 195 00:13:53,833 --> 00:13:57,002 and what Iraqis would do once the regime fell. 196 00:13:57,045 --> 00:13:59,937 In formulating its views on post-saddam Iraq 197 00:13:59,997 --> 00:14:03,833 the administration relied heavily on a man named Ahmed Chalabi. 198 00:14:03,876 --> 00:14:06,318 Since 1992, Chalabi had been president... 199 00:14:06,361 --> 00:14:09,797 of the Iraqi National Congress, or INC. 200 00:14:09,949 --> 00:14:11,741 Widely viewed with suspicion. 201 00:14:11,784 --> 00:14:15,420 Chalabi had been convicted in Jordan over a huge bank fraud. 202 00:14:15,512 --> 00:14:18,681 The intelligence comunity found his information unreliable... 203 00:14:18,724 --> 00:14:20,525 or even fraudulent. 204 00:14:20,579 --> 00:14:22,767 At best I think... 205 00:14:23,455 --> 00:14:24,818 they were liars. 206 00:14:24,861 --> 00:14:26,842 and at worst, they were provocateurs. 207 00:14:26,933 --> 00:14:28,511 If it's an INC source... 208 00:14:28,554 --> 00:14:32,414 it was always looked at very very sceptically... 209 00:14:32,641 --> 00:14:34,258 by the analyst. 210 00:14:34,298 --> 00:14:36,321 But that wasn't the case with policy makers. 211 00:14:36,364 --> 00:14:39,902 Chalabi asserted that postwar Iraq would be pro-american 212 00:14:39,945 --> 00:14:41,647 and easily stabilized... 213 00:14:41,690 --> 00:14:44,673 particularly if Chalabi himself was in charge 214 00:14:44,750 --> 00:14:47,118 And so the plan was, essetially... 215 00:14:47,263 --> 00:14:49,560 we'll stay for three or four months 216 00:14:49,646 --> 00:14:53,783 we will install... a goverment made up of exiles.. 217 00:14:53,992 --> 00:14:56,488 and lead by Ahmed Chalabi... 218 00:14:56,771 --> 00:15:00,212 and then, in August or September, 2003... 219 00:15:00,266 --> 00:15:05,547 we will begin...a drastic reduction of troops. 220 00:15:05,608 --> 00:15:08,318 Larry Di Rita addressed us in one form and said 221 00:15:08,361 --> 00:15:11,189 by the end of August, 2003... 222 00:15:11,255 --> 00:15:15,315 we will have all but 25 to 30,000 troops out of Iraq. 223 00:15:15,372 --> 00:15:18,574 I heard him say that in a room full of people 224 00:15:18,617 --> 00:15:20,444 And I turned to my colleagues 225 00:15:20,487 --> 00:15:22,355 I said this guy doesn't know what he's talking about 226 00:15:22,398 --> 00:15:24,522 It's physically impossible. 227 00:15:24,659 --> 00:15:27,570 The Future project of Iraq of the department of the state... 228 00:15:27,616 --> 00:15:30,326 a 13 volume study on postwar Iraq... 229 00:15:30,451 --> 00:15:32,053 was ignored by the Pentagon. 230 00:15:32,139 --> 00:15:34,154 It was an awful lot of thinking at state department 231 00:15:34,197 --> 00:15:39,129 boards feet of volumes on how we should do this. 232 00:15:39,215 --> 00:15:40,595 Almost non of this... 233 00:15:40,638 --> 00:15:42,676 was integrated in the Pentagons thinking. 234 00:15:42,741 --> 00:15:46,668 Secretaries frustration, along with my own, grew 235 00:15:46,712 --> 00:15:50,915 as we watched our carefull planning, our detailed planning... 236 00:15:50,916 --> 00:15:52,283 essentially discarded... 237 00:15:52,284 --> 00:15:55,824 and the people involved in it, essentially discarded 238 00:15:55,955 --> 00:15:58,690 so that more loyal... 239 00:15:58,962 --> 00:16:02,318 in line with the the republican party's view and so forth... 240 00:16:02,361 --> 00:16:05,659 people could be apointed key positions in Iraq. 241 00:16:06,240 --> 00:16:07,845 THE WAR 242 00:16:08,109 --> 00:16:09,253 At this hour,... 243 00:16:09,296 --> 00:16:11,214 American and coalition forces 244 00:16:11,261 --> 00:16:13,629 are in the early stages of military operations... 245 00:16:14,124 --> 00:16:16,774 to disarm Iraq, to free its people... 246 00:16:17,251 --> 00:16:19,821 and to defend the world from great danger. 247 00:16:43,102 --> 00:16:46,300 I joined the Marine because I always thought it as a really important job... 248 00:16:46,343 --> 00:16:49,524 and didn't feel I'll be content with myself going through life 249 00:16:49,581 --> 00:16:52,975 knowing that other people had fought for my freedom. 250 00:16:53,051 --> 00:16:55,528 I joined the army to ah... 251 00:16:56,773 --> 00:16:58,515 support my country...and ah... 252 00:17:00,893 --> 00:17:03,072 thought it was a good thang to do, ya know... 253 00:17:03,277 --> 00:17:04,538 It was... 254 00:17:05,955 --> 00:17:07,425 an honor... 255 00:17:07,663 --> 00:17:11,846 To go there and help my fellow soldiers... 256 00:17:12,563 --> 00:17:14,149 to do... 257 00:17:14,282 --> 00:17:16,997 what they telled us to go and do there 258 00:17:17,103 --> 00:17:20,686 maybe... take out a... dictator... 259 00:17:20,729 --> 00:17:23,124 out of the... power... 260 00:17:23,268 --> 00:17:25,824 to reestablish the democracy. 261 00:17:28,414 --> 00:17:31,485 I just... was waiting for the war to happen 262 00:17:31,528 --> 00:17:33,126 because it was the... 263 00:17:33,330 --> 00:17:36,766 the only ray of hope I had to look for... 264 00:17:38,178 --> 00:17:42,404 And when it happened, I was... excited, 265 00:17:43,047 --> 00:17:45,229 that things would move slowly... 266 00:17:45,230 --> 00:17:48,566 but... towards better circumstances. 267 00:17:48,567 --> 00:17:50,334 Thank you, mister Bush. 268 00:17:50,335 --> 00:17:53,154 We very like mister Bush! 269 00:17:53,234 --> 00:17:56,417 Not, not to Saddam! Yes, yes to Bush! 270 00:17:56,508 --> 00:17:59,916 Not, not to Saddam! Yes, yes to Bush! 271 00:17:59,994 --> 00:18:02,747 Oh people, look what he's done, 272 00:18:02,852 --> 00:18:04,727 look what he's done to Iraq! 273 00:18:04,770 --> 00:18:08,524 It was a confusing, laud, noisy... 274 00:18:08,657 --> 00:18:12,321 scarry, hopefull place all kind of wrapped up together. 275 00:18:12,416 --> 00:18:16,606 I would se kids with...ski caps on that would say FBI across it. 276 00:18:16,682 --> 00:18:18,313 They were giving me the big thumbs up 277 00:18:18,356 --> 00:18:20,202 And other young men... 278 00:18:20,267 --> 00:18:23,159 who probably were fedayin, in civilian clothes 279 00:18:23,202 --> 00:18:25,658 giving me very hard stares...and... 280 00:18:25,884 --> 00:18:27,655 kind of sizing me up and... 281 00:18:27,698 --> 00:18:29,640 always looking at the licens plate of the car. 282 00:18:29,732 --> 00:18:33,982 The Iraqis were...waiting to see what this was going to bring them. 283 00:18:34,146 --> 00:18:37,736 The presence of the Americans had not been rejected... 284 00:18:37,947 --> 00:18:39,830 yet, by the Iraqis. 285 00:18:39,883 --> 00:18:42,651 No Saddam, no Saddam! 286 00:18:42,712 --> 00:18:45,899 I've seen people welcoming the coalition troops... 287 00:18:45,988 --> 00:18:47,613 Because we thought... 288 00:18:47,745 --> 00:18:51,493 everything is planned, everything is prepared. 289 00:18:52,898 --> 00:18:54,624 There you go! 290 00:18:55,501 --> 00:19:00,055 During World War 2, the US started planning the occupation of Germany... 291 00:19:00,110 --> 00:19:01,922 2 years in advance. 292 00:19:02,152 --> 00:19:04,556 But the Bush administration didn't create the organization... 293 00:19:04,599 --> 00:19:06,994 that would manage the occupation of Iraq... 294 00:19:07,075 --> 00:19:09,776 until 60 days before the invasion. 295 00:19:10,073 --> 00:19:14,930 ORHA - Organization for Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance 296 00:19:15,062 --> 00:19:18,222 Reported directly to Defense Secretary Rumsfeld. 297 00:19:18,588 --> 00:19:22,177 I got a call from the office of Secretary Defense... 298 00:19:22,239 --> 00:19:24,964 in late January and they were life meeting. 299 00:19:25,007 --> 00:19:27,523 Handle humanitarian affairs, reconstruction. 300 00:19:27,665 --> 00:19:31,992 Retired Army General Jay Garner, was appoited to run ORHA. 301 00:19:32,187 --> 00:19:35,601 In the first Golf War he had commsnded 22.000 soldiers... 302 00:19:35,644 --> 00:19:37,745 resposible for humanitarian operations... 303 00:19:37,776 --> 00:19:40,355 in the Kurdish zone of northen Iraq. 304 00:19:40,712 --> 00:19:43,451 This time, he would be running the entire country. 305 00:19:43,596 --> 00:19:46,349 Did you... think you were prepared to run Iraq. 306 00:19:46,458 --> 00:19:49,294 I don't think we were ever prepared, I mean... 307 00:19:50,743 --> 00:19:53,024 A task of that magnitude probably takes years to prepare. 308 00:19:53,097 --> 00:19:54,350 Because nobody had years. 309 00:19:54,393 --> 00:19:56,607 I got a call on my cellphone 310 00:19:56,824 --> 00:19:59,088 From someone at the State Department, 311 00:19:59,131 --> 00:20:02,033 telling me that Rich Armitage was looking for me... 312 00:20:02,034 --> 00:20:05,303 and wanted me back in Washington,... right now. 313 00:20:05,365 --> 00:20:08,739 Ambassador Barbara Bodine was placed in charge of Baghdad... 314 00:20:08,740 --> 00:20:10,758 only 3 weeks before the war. 315 00:20:10,813 --> 00:20:12,843 She was a career Foreign Service officer 316 00:20:12,844 --> 00:20:15,000 who had served in Yemen, Iraq... 317 00:20:15,086 --> 00:20:17,448 and had been a hostage in Kuwait five months... 318 00:20:17,449 --> 00:20:19,834 after Saddam's in 1990. 319 00:20:19,918 --> 00:20:22,880 She was one of the few State Department middle East experts, 320 00:20:22,923 --> 00:20:25,369 that the Pentagon allowed into Iraq. 321 00:20:25,414 --> 00:20:26,928 She was one of the few we could get in. 322 00:20:26,971 --> 00:20:28,735 I thought they initially made a misstake 323 00:20:28,778 --> 00:20:30,735 They thought they had a woman and she would be an easy mark 324 00:20:30,778 --> 00:20:32,980 But Barbara was the toughest member of the service. 325 00:20:33,065 --> 00:20:35,766 By 2003, army colonel Paul Hughes... 326 00:20:35,767 --> 00:20:37,735 had worked in the Pentagon for 6 years... 327 00:20:37,736 --> 00:20:39,337 doing planning and strategy work... 328 00:20:39,338 --> 00:20:41,545 for senior Defense Department officials 329 00:20:41,565 --> 00:20:44,422 I wound up being assigned to the... 330 00:20:44,787 --> 00:20:47,778 Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian assistans... 331 00:20:47,779 --> 00:20:48,946 under Jay Garner. 332 00:20:48,947 --> 00:20:51,707 And I was the director of strategic policy, for him. 333 00:20:52,034 --> 00:20:58,652 ORHA started work at the Pentagon 50 days before the invasion of Iraq. 334 00:20:58,724 --> 00:21:01,151 We were given a sweat off offices 335 00:21:01,194 --> 00:21:03,884 that had been unoccupied for a couple of years. 336 00:21:03,927 --> 00:21:06,796 Had no computers in it, you have people showing up daily 337 00:21:06,839 --> 00:21:08,424 asking "Where do I sit?" 338 00:21:08,467 --> 00:21:10,007 They had no staff. 339 00:21:10,379 --> 00:21:13,934 I had no personnel, I had nothing from... 340 00:21:14,013 --> 00:21:16,732 either a senior deputy down to a secretary 341 00:21:16,775 --> 00:21:19,296 There is only one meeting at the National Defense University. 342 00:21:19,354 --> 00:21:22,214 and it was the...I think concensus opinion. 343 00:21:22,381 --> 00:21:24,582 of the people who went to that meeting... 344 00:21:24,784 --> 00:21:27,551 with whom I spoke afterwards. 345 00:21:27,594 --> 00:21:30,657 That hey... "This is a crazy". 346 00:21:31,857 --> 00:21:33,115 that was our first meeting... 347 00:21:33,158 --> 00:21:35,960 and we're not given a hole lot of confidece by there first meeting... 348 00:21:35,961 --> 00:21:37,395 because, essentially... 349 00:21:37,396 --> 00:21:40,083 we didn't do anything except meet each other. 350 00:21:40,161 --> 00:21:42,329 It was completely unstructured. 351 00:21:43,074 --> 00:21:44,965 There were no plans. 352 00:21:45,410 --> 00:21:47,371 There truely were... no plans. 353 00:21:47,451 --> 00:21:51,776 On the 16th of March, ORHA flew out to Kuwait City. 354 00:21:51,777 --> 00:21:54,470 we had 167 people that flew with us. 355 00:21:54,550 --> 00:21:57,561 167 people that were to essetially become the 356 00:21:57,604 --> 00:22:00,702 government of a country of 25 millions. 357 00:22:01,186 --> 00:22:04,688 BAGHDAD, APRIL 9th, 2003 358 00:22:04,748 --> 00:22:06,215 After the fall of Baghdad... 359 00:22:06,258 --> 00:22:08,292 we had no idea what really was gonna happen 360 00:22:08,293 --> 00:22:10,919 and there certainly didn't seem to be much of a plan 361 00:22:10,962 --> 00:22:12,836 What we generally were being told 362 00:22:12,879 --> 00:22:14,998 is that we'd be getting back on the ships 363 00:22:15,049 --> 00:22:18,752 within a month or two... of..., essentially conquering Iraq. 364 00:22:18,804 --> 00:22:22,933 As American forces entered the capital, looting broke out everywhere. 365 00:22:26,963 --> 00:22:31,958 While we were in Kuwait, we were as glued to the TV, as everyone else. 366 00:22:32,465 --> 00:22:34,734 There was the realization... 367 00:22:34,777 --> 00:22:37,325 that there was absolute lawlessnes 368 00:22:37,368 --> 00:22:39,959 and chaos going on in Iraq. 369 00:22:42,414 --> 00:22:44,648 The Americans were'nt doing anything. They.... 370 00:22:44,976 --> 00:22:47,837 would... sit at certain intersections, but... 371 00:22:48,196 --> 00:22:52,781 they wouldn't actually get out of the HUMV's or out of the tanks and really do much. 372 00:22:54,873 --> 00:22:57,702 Time passed and we didn't see any progress. 373 00:22:57,745 --> 00:23:01,394 The only progress we found is the uncontrolled freedom. 374 00:23:01,513 --> 00:23:05,082 Looters had... to loot all the govermental buildings 375 00:23:05,083 --> 00:23:07,485 and even private ownd companies. 376 00:23:07,575 --> 00:23:11,989 The looting was partly a factor of the troop levels... 377 00:23:11,990 --> 00:23:16,494 and the sens that Rumsfeld communicated to his commanders... 378 00:23:16,495 --> 00:23:18,876 and his commanders communicated down the chain... 379 00:23:18,919 --> 00:23:23,045 to the...platoon and compay level. 380 00:23:23,240 --> 00:23:27,340 That... we were not there to run Iraq. 381 00:23:27,464 --> 00:23:29,978 We were there to get rid of the regime, and get out. 382 00:23:30,021 --> 00:23:32,034 We are not under martial law here. 383 00:23:32,539 --> 00:23:35,407 In his order, general McKiernan was not told... 384 00:23:35,680 --> 00:23:37,868 to establish martial law. 385 00:23:38,032 --> 00:23:40,767 Not once was martial law declared. 386 00:23:40,844 --> 00:23:43,879 I just...I'll tell you honestly. We're in a transition period. 387 00:23:43,922 --> 00:23:46,513 I mean, there is an Iraqi civil law... 388 00:23:46,861 --> 00:23:48,009 but there is no... 389 00:23:48,091 --> 00:23:52,628 You just heard we just opened up they first two courts today... 390 00:23:52,813 --> 00:23:55,023 so, I mean when you starting at nothing 391 00:23:55,066 --> 00:23:57,811 Had martial law been declared, wich would have been... 392 00:23:57,875 --> 00:24:00,916 authorized under the 4th Geneva Convention... 393 00:24:00,970 --> 00:24:04,208 maby we would have had... a bit more security. 394 00:24:04,329 --> 00:24:06,052 We are a platoon of marines', I mean we could... 395 00:24:06,095 --> 00:24:07,939 we could certainly stop looting, if we... 396 00:24:08,146 --> 00:24:09,780 if that was our assigned task. 397 00:24:09,781 --> 00:24:13,117 The greatest mystery... of postwar Iraq 398 00:24:13,118 --> 00:24:16,093 involves that month or so after the fall of Baghdad... 399 00:24:16,167 --> 00:24:18,427 Why the US didn't do anything to... 400 00:24:18,481 --> 00:24:20,572 to control the looting. Because in a way... 401 00:24:20,615 --> 00:24:24,139 everything that has been a problem since then, started that first month. 402 00:24:24,254 --> 00:24:26,321 People at the National Security Council 403 00:24:26,364 --> 00:24:28,839 secretary Powell, myself and others... 404 00:24:29,189 --> 00:24:32,010 CIA director, did express concern about the looting. 405 00:24:32,053 --> 00:24:34,388 Did you express any concern to president Bush? 406 00:24:34,573 --> 00:24:37,466 I was at the meeting where it was expressed by my boss. 407 00:24:37,509 --> 00:24:39,389 Tell me what mr Powell said at that meeting. 408 00:24:39,432 --> 00:24:41,512 Well you know, it's not the way we generally work. 409 00:24:41,513 --> 00:24:44,798 Our advice to the president is generally kept that way, private to the president. 410 00:24:44,841 --> 00:24:46,784 The word came from Washington... 411 00:24:46,785 --> 00:24:48,385 that we're not getting involved in that 412 00:24:48,386 --> 00:24:50,321 we're not going to stop the looting... 413 00:24:50,322 --> 00:24:52,399 we're not doing police work... 414 00:24:52,442 --> 00:24:54,377 that's not what we're here for. 415 00:24:54,428 --> 00:24:55,537 And I think... 416 00:24:55,594 --> 00:24:59,547 So there were explicit instructions from Washington... 417 00:24:59,602 --> 00:25:01,131 to not interfere with the looting. 418 00:25:01,132 --> 00:25:02,235 Yes. 419 00:25:02,358 --> 00:25:08,958 The looting of Baghdad quickly transformed inno organized, violent, large scale destruction of the city. 420 00:25:09,001 --> 00:25:13,782 Hospitals, governmental offices, universities, ministries... 421 00:25:13,877 --> 00:25:17,546 One CPA estimate had the cost of the looting 422 00:25:17,607 --> 00:25:20,320 at 12 billion dollars (i.e 12,000 million). 423 00:25:20,777 --> 00:25:26,304 That was the revenue for Iraq ... in 2003-2004. 424 00:25:26,349 --> 00:25:30,319 I picked up a newspaper today ... and I couldn't belive it. 425 00:25:30,362 --> 00:25:33,697 I read... 8 headlines... that talked about... 426 00:25:33,698 --> 00:25:37,046 " Chaos! Violence! Unrest! ". 427 00:25:37,135 --> 00:25:40,170 And it just was "henny-penny" the sky is falling. 428 00:25:40,171 --> 00:25:43,139 Just imagine the room/the suite that we're sitting in. 429 00:25:43,185 --> 00:25:46,510 and all that you have is concrete walls everything is gone. 430 00:25:46,511 --> 00:25:50,001 We're talking of people comming in with industrial cranes... 431 00:25:50,044 --> 00:25:53,447 and walking off with parts of a power plant. 432 00:25:53,977 --> 00:25:55,619 Think what's happening in our cities... 433 00:25:55,620 --> 00:25:59,790 when we've had riots and problems...and looting 434 00:25:59,791 --> 00:26:01,795 Stuff happens! 435 00:26:02,217 --> 00:26:04,518 This was not just people stealing stuff from grocery stores. 436 00:26:04,574 --> 00:26:08,223 I mean, this was people chipping concrete, walls... 437 00:26:08,373 --> 00:26:10,867 into little pieces so they could take the rebar out. 438 00:26:10,910 --> 00:26:12,895 The images you were seeing on television 439 00:26:12,938 --> 00:26:15,773 you were seeing over and over and over, 440 00:26:15,853 --> 00:26:17,442 and it's the same picture. 441 00:26:17,552 --> 00:26:20,672 Of some person walking out of some building with a vase. 442 00:26:20,803 --> 00:26:24,540 I think that was probably the day that we lost the Iraqis. 443 00:26:24,609 --> 00:26:28,113 You think "my goodness" , were there that many vases? 444 00:26:30,188 --> 00:26:34,203 It is possible that there were that many vases in the whole country? 445 00:26:34,326 --> 00:26:37,363 Thats when it became very clear, that... 446 00:26:37,416 --> 00:26:40,718 this liberation realy didn't have anything to do with the average Iraqi. 447 00:26:40,852 --> 00:26:45,479 There was a belief that the Americans actually encouraged the looting or wanted it to happen. 448 00:26:46,017 --> 00:26:48,018 The destruction of our country. 449 00:26:48,064 --> 00:26:49,631 How could they let this happen? 450 00:26:49,674 --> 00:26:53,166 So wether you're suni or chia.. you're outraged about the looting. 451 00:26:53,215 --> 00:26:57,752 We had done... a list of 20 sites... 452 00:26:57,795 --> 00:27:00,230 that we thought needed to be protected. 453 00:27:00,939 --> 00:27:05,022 Historical, culturel, artistic, religious 454 00:27:05,065 --> 00:27:10,385 And we had provided that and it realy made no difference, what so ever. 455 00:27:10,428 --> 00:27:16,200 The oil ministry, was the only major facility protected by the US Military. 456 00:27:16,201 --> 00:27:22,506 None of the sites on ORHA's list were protected. 457 00:27:22,507 --> 00:27:24,800 The Iraq National Museum in Baghdad... 458 00:27:24,849 --> 00:27:26,583 number one on ORHA's list... 459 00:27:26,678 --> 00:27:29,313 contained some of the worlds most important artefacts... 460 00:27:29,314 --> 00:27:31,682 of early human civilization. 461 00:27:31,736 --> 00:27:33,861 The museum was never protected. 462 00:27:33,910 --> 00:27:36,285 It is a property of our nation, 463 00:27:36,339 --> 00:27:38,922 and the treasure of 7.000 years of civilization. 464 00:27:38,923 --> 00:27:40,403 Why do they allow it? 465 00:27:40,458 --> 00:27:43,527 Iraq's National Library and National Archives... 466 00:27:43,528 --> 00:27:46,989 containing thousands of ancient manuscripts... where burnt down. 467 00:27:47,032 --> 00:27:51,402 All what was written 468 00:27:51,747 --> 00:27:53,862 was keeping in this library. 469 00:27:54,005 --> 00:27:57,941 Now we have no national heritage. 470 00:27:58,020 --> 00:27:59,794 Three days ago... 471 00:27:59,837 --> 00:28:02,140 me and the doctor Jabar Khalil... 472 00:28:02,183 --> 00:28:04,882 chairman of the State Board of Antiquities, 473 00:28:04,883 --> 00:28:09,830 went to the headquarter of the marine in the Hotel Palestine. 474 00:28:10,088 --> 00:28:12,190 We waited there for about four hours... 475 00:28:12,233 --> 00:28:14,474 til we met a colonel there. 476 00:28:14,547 --> 00:28:19,284 And at that day, he promised that he would send armored cars... 477 00:28:19,364 --> 00:28:22,372 to protect what's left from the museum. 478 00:28:23,435 --> 00:28:26,570 Three days ago, til now nobody came. 479 00:28:26,571 --> 00:28:30,643 To try to lay off the fact of that... unfortunate... 480 00:28:31,756 --> 00:28:32,943 activity... 481 00:28:33,189 --> 00:28:35,464 on a defect in a war plan... 482 00:28:35,507 --> 00:28:37,483 it strikes me as stretch. 483 00:28:37,749 --> 00:28:42,086 Would you urge specifically, by scolars and others,... 484 00:28:42,087 --> 00:28:44,655 about the danger to that museum and what you urged to... 485 00:28:44,656 --> 00:28:47,391 provide a greater level of protection and security... 486 00:28:47,392 --> 00:28:49,173 in the initial phases of the operation? 487 00:28:49,216 --> 00:28:50,320 Not to my knowledge. 488 00:28:50,378 --> 00:28:53,724 No one can claim that they where caught by surprised by the looting. 489 00:28:53,812 --> 00:28:57,408 I just don't think they wanted to know. They didn't wanna hear it. 490 00:29:12,778 --> 00:29:14,808 In the months leading up to the invasion... 491 00:29:14,851 --> 00:29:17,319 a debate over troop levels required in Iraq... 492 00:29:17,362 --> 00:29:20,202 had been privately brewing between military leadship... 493 00:29:20,288 --> 00:29:22,137 and Donald Rumsfeld. 494 00:29:22,180 --> 00:29:24,615 Rumsfeld and his depute Paul Wolfowitz... 495 00:29:24,666 --> 00:29:28,537 believed that a force of under 100.000 troops, would be sufficient. 496 00:29:28,580 --> 00:29:31,429 for the invasion and occupation of Iraq. 497 00:29:31,482 --> 00:29:33,035 A month before the invasion... 498 00:29:33,078 --> 00:29:35,279 the fight over troop levels became public... 499 00:29:35,340 --> 00:29:38,375 as the Chief of Staff of the Army, Eric Shinseki... 500 00:29:38,376 --> 00:29:40,978 testified before the Senate Arms Services Committee... 501 00:29:40,979 --> 00:29:43,190 ignoring pressure from Rumsfeld and Wolfowitz. 502 00:29:43,233 --> 00:29:45,344 General Shinseki... 503 00:29:46,295 --> 00:29:48,692 could you give us some ideas to the magnitude 504 00:29:48,735 --> 00:29:52,972 of the army's force requiremnt for an occupation of Iraq? 505 00:29:53,015 --> 00:29:57,017 Somthing on the order of several 100,000 soldiers are... 506 00:29:57,138 --> 00:29:59,441 um... are .. are probably... 507 00:30:00,192 --> 00:30:02,864 you know I figure that would be required 508 00:30:02,907 --> 00:30:05,208 Reaction was immediate. 509 00:30:05,303 --> 00:30:07,970 What is, I think reasonable cerain here is... 510 00:30:08,059 --> 00:30:11,495 the idea that it would take several 100,000 US forces... 511 00:30:11,501 --> 00:30:13,914 I think is far from the mark. 512 00:30:14,012 --> 00:30:16,403 It's hard to conceive that it would take more forces... 513 00:30:16,446 --> 00:30:19,414 to provide stability on postwar Iraq... 514 00:30:19,723 --> 00:30:21,641 than it would take to conduct the war itself... 515 00:30:21,684 --> 00:30:25,568 and to secure the surender of Saddam's security forces in his army. 516 00:30:26,038 --> 00:30:27,124 Hard to imagine. 517 00:30:27,125 --> 00:30:28,860 Hard to imagine. 518 00:30:29,967 --> 00:30:32,830 Anyone who had any experience in... 519 00:30:32,831 --> 00:30:35,474 in the interventions of the 90s, knew... 520 00:30:35,654 --> 00:30:37,559 that the opposite was true. 521 00:30:37,776 --> 00:30:42,747 You need... X number of soldiers per thousand citizens... 522 00:30:42,748 --> 00:30:47,502 simply to provide... a modicum of security. 523 00:30:47,631 --> 00:30:49,680 But Paul Wolfowitz couldn't imagine it. 524 00:30:49,681 --> 00:30:53,817 Paul Wolfowitz refused to be interviewed for this film. 525 00:30:53,967 --> 00:30:57,221 We're talking about.... of post hostilities 526 00:30:57,222 --> 00:31:03,147 control over a piece of geography... that's fairly significant with a... 527 00:31:03,803 --> 00:31:08,585 the kinds of ethnic tension... that could lead to a... 528 00:31:08,718 --> 00:31:10,000 other problems 529 00:31:10,001 --> 00:31:13,625 and so it takes significant ground force presence... 530 00:31:13,668 --> 00:31:15,639 Did general Shinseki get it right? 531 00:31:15,682 --> 00:31:17,674 He was asked for his best military opinion, 532 00:31:17,675 --> 00:31:20,066 and his experience exceeds mine. 533 00:31:20,285 --> 00:31:22,446 He commanded our forces in Bosnia. 534 00:31:22,489 --> 00:31:24,955 He did it for a year plus. 535 00:31:25,220 --> 00:31:27,019 He knows what he's talking about. 536 00:31:27,099 --> 00:31:30,994 Secretary Powell and to the same extent myself... 537 00:31:31,089 --> 00:31:34,946 we argued for more and more troops... and we made some difference.. 538 00:31:34,989 --> 00:31:38,520 but ultimately...it didn't seem that we made enough of a difference. 539 00:31:38,563 --> 00:31:42,399 Rumsfeld eventually sent a force of 160,000 troops to Iraq. 540 00:31:42,519 --> 00:31:44,601 Personally I feel the war would be going differently 541 00:31:44,602 --> 00:31:46,360 if you had a..hm... 542 00:31:47,141 --> 00:31:49,706 leadership that really understood... 543 00:31:49,707 --> 00:31:52,998 544 00:31:53,087 --> 00:31:55,528 had actually served in the armed forces... 545 00:31:55,671 --> 00:31:56,745 and... 546 00:31:56,788 --> 00:32:00,550 manegerial (ministerial) grasp 547 00:32:00,551 --> 00:32:02,452 of making this thing work. 548 00:32:02,453 --> 00:32:04,187 The senior administration officials... 549 00:32:04,188 --> 00:32:06,555 who overruled the military and state department... 550 00:32:06,598 --> 00:32:09,366 had no experience with postwar reconstruction effords... 551 00:32:09,606 --> 00:32:11,929 and little or no military experience. 552 00:32:12,058 --> 00:32:14,914 Cheney avoided the military service in Vietnam... 553 00:32:14,958 --> 00:32:16,825 thru five draft affirmants. 554 00:32:16,868 --> 00:32:21,267 Rumsfeld was a navy pilot in 1950, but had nevver seen combat. 555 00:32:21,343 --> 00:32:24,484 Wolfowitz and Rice had never served in the military. 556 00:32:24,687 --> 00:32:26,710 Bush had avoided the Vietnam draft... 557 00:32:26,711 --> 00:32:29,246 by joining the Texas National Air Guard. 558 00:32:29,247 --> 00:32:33,850 He also had no foreign policy experience prior... to becoming president. 559 00:32:33,851 --> 00:32:36,256 We were looking at it, I say "we", those of us... 560 00:32:36,327 --> 00:32:38,216 who had military experience... 561 00:32:38,260 --> 00:32:40,351 and we would talk abot this often... 562 00:32:40,959 --> 00:32:42,647 this doesn't look good. 563 00:32:42,690 --> 00:32:46,264 In mid April 2003, with the looting still under way. 564 00:32:46,307 --> 00:32:49,716 Rumsfeld cancelled the deployment of the First Cavalry Division 565 00:32:49,780 --> 00:32:52,112 A force of 16.000 soldiers. 566 00:32:52,155 --> 00:32:53,360 It chocked us. 567 00:32:53,422 --> 00:32:55,865 How can you turn off that division? 568 00:32:55,908 --> 00:32:59,801 If we've had that division following us into Iraq... 569 00:32:59,802 --> 00:33:02,037 we would have stabilized a lot more of Iraq... 570 00:33:02,080 --> 00:33:03,882 just to our presence. 571 00:33:03,982 --> 00:33:07,584 On April 19th, ORHA finally entered Iraq... 572 00:33:07,903 --> 00:33:10,211 to begin postwar operations. 573 00:33:10,557 --> 00:33:12,756 Of the 20 ministries we wanted to bring back 574 00:33:12,757 --> 00:33:16,252 16 of those buildings were destroyed as a function of looting... 575 00:33:16,552 --> 00:33:17,774 We were starting from zero. 576 00:33:17,817 --> 00:33:21,899 I mean, if there are no desks, no chairs and no typwriters left... 577 00:33:21,966 --> 00:33:25,966 Where do we go and meet the Iraqis to start working? 578 00:33:26,009 --> 00:33:28,277 Ther was no structure left. 579 00:33:28,364 --> 00:33:30,332 Physical structure or bureaucratic structure. 580 00:33:30,375 --> 00:33:32,554 I had put people out on the street walking around asking: 581 00:33:32,597 --> 00:33:39,035 " Do you know anybody in medicin... ministry of Health...Interior...Education...?" 582 00:33:39,078 --> 00:33:42,247 Within the group itself, we had... 583 00:33:43,588 --> 00:33:48,136 I think probably five who spoke any amount of Arabic. 584 00:33:48,192 --> 00:33:50,327 We had no phone list... 585 00:33:50,328 --> 00:33:51,795 We had no phones for a while... 586 00:33:51,796 --> 00:33:54,731 so I guess having no phone list was not really that important. 587 00:33:54,732 --> 00:33:57,100 We had no information, we had no place to go... 588 00:33:57,101 --> 00:33:58,902 we did not know who to contact. 589 00:34:00,221 --> 00:34:01,805 Not the best way to... 590 00:34:01,806 --> 00:34:04,004 Not the best way to start an occupation. 591 00:34:04,075 --> 00:34:05,785 And what followed was... 592 00:34:05,934 --> 00:34:08,236 this pervasive sense of lawlessness 593 00:34:08,279 --> 00:34:09,802 that Iraq never recovered from 594 00:34:09,845 --> 00:34:11,437 And guys with the guns took over... 595 00:34:11,482 --> 00:34:13,674 and they were the Iraqi guys with the guns. 596 00:34:13,744 --> 00:34:18,220 THE VOID 597 00:34:21,798 --> 00:34:23,832 The fire fights I got cought up in.. 598 00:34:23,928 --> 00:34:27,055 were not fire fights where Americans were being attacked 599 00:34:27,098 --> 00:34:29,324 it was Iraqi on Iraqi fire fights. 600 00:34:29,367 --> 00:34:31,468 You just be driving down the street and suddenly... 601 00:34:31,469 --> 00:34:34,905 there a fusel out of fire that just opens up on you. 602 00:34:34,906 --> 00:34:37,899 and you're just in the middle of these guys shooting at each other. 603 00:34:38,223 --> 00:34:39,910 The streets were chaotic. 604 00:34:39,911 --> 00:34:42,312 People could kill and get away with it. 605 00:34:42,313 --> 00:34:44,247 There was no working police force. 606 00:34:44,248 --> 00:34:46,183 Just prior ... the invasion... 607 00:34:46,184 --> 00:34:48,618 Saddam released about a 100.000 prisoners... 608 00:34:48,619 --> 00:34:50,818 common criminals, from the jails. 609 00:34:53,858 --> 00:34:58,586 In February, 2003... 610 00:34:58,587 --> 00:35:01,623 I got an invitation, to come and brief the advisory panel 611 00:35:01,666 --> 00:35:03,300 led by advising secretary Rumsfeld... 612 00:35:03,301 --> 00:35:05,435 on defense policy matters. 613 00:35:05,578 --> 00:35:07,246 What I told them was that... 614 00:35:07,289 --> 00:35:09,457 based on our experiences in previous peace operations... 615 00:35:09,778 --> 00:35:12,946 and what had happened in Iraq historically 616 00:35:13,010 --> 00:35:15,879 it was very likely that if the USA intervened... 617 00:35:15,880 --> 00:35:18,800 in captured Baghdad, that we were likely to face... 618 00:35:18,959 --> 00:35:20,417 massive civil disturbances. 619 00:35:20,545 --> 00:35:23,987 I suggested that we needed about 2500 constabulary forces. officers... 620 00:35:23,988 --> 00:35:27,415 About 4000 civil police street cops. 621 00:35:27,490 --> 00:35:31,003 And then teams of judicial advisers and corrections officers. 622 00:35:31,128 --> 00:35:32,413 In the end they... 623 00:35:32,456 --> 00:35:35,335 agreed that this was a good idea... 624 00:35:35,378 --> 00:35:38,694 there was'nt enough time, but maby for the next war. 625 00:35:38,819 --> 00:35:41,304 Prior to the war, the Baghdad morgue received... 626 00:35:41,416 --> 00:35:42,840 one murder case a month. 627 00:35:42,903 --> 00:35:45,638 Within a month, the were getting about 25 a day. 628 00:35:45,681 --> 00:35:48,817 They were seeing rapes, ..often for the first time.., rapes and murders. 629 00:35:48,910 --> 00:35:50,780 Iraqi girls were being kidnapped. 630 00:35:50,781 --> 00:35:52,445 Iraqi women disappeared from the streets... 631 00:35:52,488 --> 00:35:55,227 they stopped going to the school, the stopped driving. 632 00:35:55,270 --> 00:35:57,979 The Americans were not acting as the police. 633 00:35:58,042 --> 00:36:00,615 They didn't know the streets of Baghdad, they didn't speak the language... 634 00:36:00,658 --> 00:36:03,396 they didn't have interpreters in sufficient numbers 635 00:36:03,449 --> 00:36:06,751 They didn't have intelligence about what was going on. 636 00:36:06,980 --> 00:36:08,932 So...it was a free for all. 637 00:36:08,933 --> 00:36:12,400 and you just felt of... a void here. 638 00:36:22,509 --> 00:36:25,752 Very quickley, the mosque... came in and filled the vacuum... 639 00:36:26,436 --> 00:36:29,639 that the Americans created by getting rid of Saddam and leavinhg nothing in it's place. 640 00:36:29,731 --> 00:36:32,988 In Shiite neighborhoods they very quickley,... established control, 641 00:36:33,031 --> 00:36:35,517 in particulary the clerics associated with Muqtada al-Sadr. 642 00:36:35,560 --> 00:36:38,786 Muqtada al-Sadr was the son of a famous Shiite clerick, 643 00:36:38,918 --> 00:36:41,831 and started a bid for power based on his fathers network, 644 00:36:41,832 --> 00:36:43,764 of mosques and charities. 645 00:36:43,859 --> 00:36:48,863 As I said, the small Satan has left, 646 00:36:48,906 --> 00:36:53,567 and the great Satan has come. 647 00:36:54,679 --> 00:36:58,048 The exit of the occupation and their withdrawal 648 00:36:58,049 --> 00:37:00,984 is a victory for Iraq and for the Iraqi people. 649 00:37:01,071 --> 00:37:03,987 Only a few days after American troops entered Baghdad... 650 00:37:04,097 --> 00:37:07,148 he assassinated a pro-American Shiite leader. 651 00:37:07,191 --> 00:37:09,938 Then he began creating a heavily armed militia,... 652 00:37:10,011 --> 00:37:11,319 the Mahdi Army... 653 00:37:11,320 --> 00:37:13,588 which took over Baghdad's shiite ghetto 654 00:37:13,631 --> 00:37:15,398 and much of southern Iraq. 655 00:37:15,465 --> 00:37:18,168 If you tended to the issues of policing... 656 00:37:18,169 --> 00:37:19,723 if there hadn't been the looting... 657 00:37:19,778 --> 00:37:22,451 then you wouldn't have people turning to sectarian militias... 658 00:37:22,462 --> 00:37:25,531 as their sources of neighborhood security. 659 00:37:25,827 --> 00:37:28,600 ORHA worked on recalling the Iraqi military... 660 00:37:28,643 --> 00:37:30,795 to deal with the security vacuum. 661 00:37:30,885 --> 00:37:34,888 The army central command, CENTCOM, supported this policy. 662 00:37:35,005 --> 00:37:37,654 What CENTCOM had done, they had factored into their planig, 663 00:37:37,655 --> 00:37:39,089 in bringing back the Iraqi army. 664 00:37:39,090 --> 00:37:40,890 They used Iraqi army to seal the borders... 665 00:37:40,891 --> 00:37:43,119 to provide static security for things... 666 00:37:43,162 --> 00:37:45,530 and also help in the reconstruction of their own nation. 667 00:37:45,630 --> 00:37:49,432 But on April 23, 2003, Jay Garner received a phone call. 668 00:37:49,570 --> 00:37:51,601 Rumsfeld called me and he said, hey Jay... 669 00:37:51,602 --> 00:37:53,770 "I like everything what's going on," 670 00:37:53,813 --> 00:37:55,680 "You'r doing a great job, you and your team" 671 00:37:55,698 --> 00:37:57,072 "I'm glad you'r in Baghdad, and all that" 672 00:37:57,073 --> 00:37:59,942 "by the way, the president is supporting...ah... 673 00:38:00,174 --> 00:38:01,240 "Jerry Bremer..." 674 00:38:01,283 --> 00:38:03,564 "as the presidential envoy." 675 00:38:05,140 --> 00:38:07,880 Bremer was a former foreign service officer. 676 00:38:07,972 --> 00:38:09,699 Like most officials sent to Iraq... 677 00:38:09,741 --> 00:38:11,321 Bremer did not speak Arabic... 678 00:38:11,322 --> 00:38:13,556 had no previous experience with the Mid East... 679 00:38:13,557 --> 00:38:15,508 or postwar reconstruction... 680 00:38:15,551 --> 00:38:17,659 and had never served in the military. 681 00:38:18,354 --> 00:38:21,222 After Bremers' arrival , ORHA would be fased out 682 00:38:21,375 --> 00:38:24,118 and the Coalition Provisional Authority, CPA... 683 00:38:24,161 --> 00:38:25,847 would take its place. 684 00:38:25,941 --> 00:38:28,026 We intend to have a very... 685 00:38:28,229 --> 00:38:32,537 effective, efficient and well organized hand-over. 686 00:38:34,265 --> 00:38:36,089 General Garner and I, are... 687 00:38:36,132 --> 00:38:38,020 pledged to working very closely together. 688 00:38:38,021 --> 00:38:39,407 He has done an outstandig job. 689 00:38:39,408 --> 00:38:41,214 We set up a series of brief inform 690 00:38:41,257 --> 00:38:43,476 he spent a day going through what everybody was doing 691 00:38:43,531 --> 00:38:44,651 and he took charge. 692 00:38:44,697 --> 00:38:47,248 I came home, like, 3rd, 4th or 5th of June. 693 00:38:52,570 --> 00:38:56,032 Between May 1st and his departure for Iraq on May 10th, 694 00:38:56,211 --> 00:38:57,856 Bremer worked at the Pentagon... 695 00:38:57,945 --> 00:39:00,615 and met frequently with Rumsfeld, Wolfowitz... 696 00:39:00,703 --> 00:39:02,885 and undersecretary Doug Feith. 697 00:39:03,299 --> 00:39:06,070 Bremer also worked closely with Walter Slocombe... 698 00:39:06,135 --> 00:39:08,231 a former undersecretary of Defense... 699 00:39:08,274 --> 00:39:11,577 whom Rumsfeld had appointed to be in charge of postwar policy 700 00:39:11,620 --> 00:39:12,961 for Iraqs military. 701 00:39:13,048 --> 00:39:16,050 They contacted me in mid March 2003. 702 00:39:16,153 --> 00:39:22,191 Did it cross your mind to think... isn't it kind of late for them to be thinking about this 703 00:39:22,760 --> 00:39:23,975 Yes. 704 00:39:27,336 --> 00:39:29,408 - Did you tell them that? - No. 705 00:39:30,101 --> 00:39:31,248 Like Bremer... 706 00:39:31,291 --> 00:39:33,359 Slocombe had never served in the military... 707 00:39:33,371 --> 00:39:34,791 had never been to Iraq... 708 00:39:34,834 --> 00:39:37,466 had no postwar reconstruction experience... 709 00:39:37,552 --> 00:39:39,631 and no Arabic. 710 00:39:39,768 --> 00:39:41,736 In Bremer's first 10 days at work... 711 00:39:41,779 --> 00:39:43,513 while still in Washington DC... 712 00:39:43,642 --> 00:39:46,374 he made three fateful policy decisions. 713 00:39:46,748 --> 00:39:50,936 His 1st decision was to stop the formation of an iterim Iraqi government. 714 00:39:51,004 --> 00:39:53,922 Even though Jay Garner had been workig to establish one. 715 00:39:54,015 --> 00:39:55,316 Jay Garner was certainly suportive... 716 00:39:55,393 --> 00:39:57,880 for getting some governing body for Iraqi's, but... 717 00:39:58,511 --> 00:40:01,966 this was done away with on the way to Baghdad 718 00:40:02,009 --> 00:40:04,614 and I didn't think general Garner knew about it beforehand... 719 00:40:04,657 --> 00:40:05,894 and nor did I. 720 00:40:06,026 --> 00:40:08,258 We had... expected. 721 00:40:08,796 --> 00:40:11,490 I think I can say we had been promised... 722 00:40:12,143 --> 00:40:14,310 that there would be a sovereign government... 723 00:40:14,430 --> 00:40:15,837 virtually immediately. 724 00:40:15,991 --> 00:40:18,014 " I am in charge..." 725 00:40:18,092 --> 00:40:20,681 "and everyone will do what I say..." 726 00:40:20,724 --> 00:40:23,254 "and... that's it.... Understand?" 727 00:40:23,333 --> 00:40:25,867 And that's kind of the way... 728 00:40:25,978 --> 00:40:27,807 L. Paul Bremer came across. 729 00:40:27,850 --> 00:40:33,054 Much, much, much too...hardcore and to... mission driven 730 00:40:33,097 --> 00:40:36,159 to see that his exclusion of the Iraqis... 731 00:40:36,202 --> 00:40:39,761 early on, from major paticipation in the deccsion making process 732 00:40:39,762 --> 00:40:41,195 it was a grievous error. 733 00:40:41,238 --> 00:40:46,232 L. Paul Bremer refused to be interviewed for this film. 734 00:40:46,283 --> 00:40:51,153 In May of 2003, we got the... legal occupation of Iraq. 735 00:40:51,196 --> 00:40:53,498 I said at that time and I believe now 736 00:40:54,178 --> 00:40:55,873 that, that was a misstake. 737 00:40:55,916 --> 00:40:57,269 We want the American troops... 738 00:40:57,312 --> 00:40:59,313 basically to leave Iraq completely... 739 00:40:59,390 --> 00:41:02,926 and let the Iraqi people basically rule Iraq. 740 00:41:02,982 --> 00:41:04,976 The reaction to his next two decisions... 741 00:41:05,019 --> 00:41:06,814 would be dramatically worse. 742 00:41:07,798 --> 00:41:09,734 De-Ba'athification. 743 00:41:09,780 --> 00:41:14,766 I am today establishing an Iraqi de-Ba'athification counsel. 744 00:41:14,956 --> 00:41:16,264 to ensure 745 00:41:16,307 --> 00:41:18,542 that the structure and influence of the Ba'ath party... 746 00:41:18,585 --> 00:41:19,943 is elliminated for good. 747 00:41:19,944 --> 00:41:21,277 Bremer's second decision... 748 00:41:21,278 --> 00:41:24,180 his first formal order as the head of the CPA... 749 00:41:24,181 --> 00:41:27,402 purged an estimated 50.000 members of the Ba'ath party, 750 00:41:27,445 --> 00:41:30,013 which Saddam had used to rule Iraq. 751 00:41:30,187 --> 00:41:33,695 For moste, Bremer's order meant permanent unemployment. 752 00:41:33,791 --> 00:41:36,092 The policy also crippled Iraqi's government... 753 00:41:36,093 --> 00:41:38,394 educational system and economy. 754 00:41:38,527 --> 00:41:44,158 Because a purged senior government officials, who had joined the party simply to survive under Saddam's regim. 755 00:41:44,201 --> 00:41:47,140 I was walking down the hall and Ambassador Robin Raphel came to me and said... 756 00:41:47,141 --> 00:41:49,177 - " Have you seen this? ". - I said, what is it, Robin? 757 00:41:49,178 --> 00:41:51,063 - She says de-Ba'athification - I said, no. 758 00:41:51,235 --> 00:41:53,779 So I read it realy quick and I said I... 759 00:41:54,061 --> 00:41:55,178 don't think we can do this. 760 00:41:55,221 --> 00:41:57,378 She says, "well I think you got to talk to Jerry". 761 00:41:57,581 --> 00:41:59,282 So I went to see him and said... 762 00:41:59,283 --> 00:42:00,817 How about letting us go through this 763 00:42:00,818 --> 00:42:02,285 and lets get on the phone with Rumsfeld... 764 00:42:02,286 --> 00:42:03,553 and see if we can soften this a little bit 765 00:42:03,554 --> 00:42:05,555 He said: I don't not have that flexibility. 766 00:42:05,556 --> 00:42:07,290 I'v been given my orders, and want to execute'm. 767 00:42:07,291 --> 00:42:08,858 So that ended that discussion. 768 00:42:08,901 --> 00:42:12,061 He may have come in... and spoken to me in great lenght 769 00:42:12,062 --> 00:42:13,998 I just don't remember it, honestly don't remember it. 770 00:42:14,041 --> 00:42:15,965 You don't remember these guys comming in and saying... 771 00:42:15,966 --> 00:42:18,334 this is 30 to 50.000 people, and ... 772 00:42:18,335 --> 00:42:19,906 my god, what are you doing? 773 00:42:20,896 --> 00:42:23,364 It was working 20 hours a day in that period, as well. 774 00:42:23,407 --> 00:42:25,313 This wasn't the only thing on my... 775 00:42:25,401 --> 00:42:28,191 list of things to do the first five days I was there. 776 00:42:28,234 --> 00:42:30,146 Bremer appointed Ahmed Chalabi... 777 00:42:30,147 --> 00:42:32,338 to head the de-ba'athification counsel. 778 00:42:32,381 --> 00:42:35,683 Chalabi used the position to elliminate political rivals. 779 00:42:35,853 --> 00:42:37,963 The de-ba'athification was so deep... 780 00:42:38,338 --> 00:42:40,721 that we wheren't able to get the government running... 781 00:42:40,815 --> 00:42:42,258 as a efficiently as we should have, 782 00:42:42,301 --> 00:42:43,459 as fast as we should have, 783 00:42:43,460 --> 00:42:46,896 and you had a lot of disenfranchised ba'athis 784 00:42:46,897 --> 00:42:48,179 What do we want? 785 00:42:48,223 --> 00:42:49,386 Work! Work! Work! 786 00:42:49,504 --> 00:42:52,311 There were people who were kicked out of there job... 787 00:42:52,373 --> 00:42:55,876 Even though they were just professionals... 788 00:42:56,923 --> 00:42:59,141 engineers, directors. 789 00:42:59,342 --> 00:43:02,146 The technocrats, the intelligencia... 790 00:43:02,360 --> 00:43:04,948 the elementary school librarianl. 791 00:43:05,126 --> 00:43:07,206 Beeing conquered and then loosing your job, and... 792 00:43:07,249 --> 00:43:09,971 and not having any means to support yourself or family... 793 00:43:10,014 --> 00:43:12,345 was an incredibly humiliating experience. 794 00:43:16,705 --> 00:43:19,265 It was Bremer's 3rd decision however 795 00:43:19,436 --> 00:43:21,896 that was the most explosive. 796 00:43:22,800 --> 00:43:26,636 To disbanding the Iraqi military and intelligence services... 797 00:43:26,637 --> 00:43:29,038 the most important institutions in Iraq. 798 00:43:29,039 --> 00:43:32,270 CPA-order disbanded the Iraqi army... 799 00:43:32,313 --> 00:43:34,829 Republican Guard, Special Republican Guard, 800 00:43:34,883 --> 00:43:36,245 and Secret Police. 801 00:43:36,246 --> 00:43:38,281 Over night Bremer rended unemployed 802 00:43:38,282 --> 00:43:41,481 and thereby infuriated half a million armed men... 803 00:43:41,552 --> 00:43:44,053 equivalent to firing over five million people. 804 00:43:44,054 --> 00:43:45,449 in the United States. 805 00:43:45,522 --> 00:43:49,055 And so these men rather than helping to prevent an insurgency... 806 00:43:49,133 --> 00:43:51,156 instead created one. 807 00:43:51,815 --> 00:43:56,805 Demonstration by former Iraqi soldiers. 808 00:43:58,126 --> 00:43:59,833 I can't believe they did that. 809 00:43:59,861 --> 00:44:04,398 Hundreds of thousands of families, depending on the army. 810 00:44:04,441 --> 00:44:07,676 They didn't have an income, the didn't have providers. 811 00:44:07,745 --> 00:44:14,044 We are hungry, there is no bread, no food, no money, we want job. 812 00:44:14,114 --> 00:44:18,916 Children, women, wives, sisters, fathers... 813 00:44:20,205 --> 00:44:23,259 stopped eating because they didn't have enough money. 814 00:44:23,472 --> 00:44:26,817 Officially. I thinkl it's 27% unemployment... officially 815 00:44:27,392 --> 00:44:30,060 It's almost certainly much higher. 816 00:44:30,225 --> 00:44:32,827 I would guess anywhere from 40 to 50 %. 817 00:44:32,870 --> 00:44:35,295 Is it any wonder that many of these people, who... 818 00:44:36,150 --> 00:44:38,767 almost all had at least some military training, since... 819 00:44:38,845 --> 00:44:40,621 you had to serve in the army in Iraq 820 00:44:40,997 --> 00:44:42,564 or they were active military... 821 00:44:43,288 --> 00:44:45,178 would turn to... 822 00:44:45,632 --> 00:44:47,179 joining the insurgency 823 00:44:47,851 --> 00:44:49,894 just as a means to feed their family. 824 00:44:49,948 --> 00:44:52,355 and as a means of regaining some of that pride. 825 00:44:52,690 --> 00:44:55,625 In deciding to disband the Iraqi military 826 00:44:55,626 --> 00:44:57,326 Bremer was undoing a policy 827 00:44:57,327 --> 00:45:01,288 supported by both the US military and by ORHA. 828 00:45:01,331 --> 00:45:03,066 Paul Hughes had a team... 829 00:45:03,067 --> 00:45:05,068 that was seeking out the Iraqi army... 830 00:45:05,069 --> 00:45:07,032 and he's beginning to find a lot of them... 831 00:45:07,141 --> 00:45:08,796 and he had found a lot of them. 832 00:45:08,839 --> 00:45:11,058 And we had made overtours to bring them back. 833 00:45:11,113 --> 00:45:13,641 These soldiers, when they registred had to sign... 834 00:45:13,750 --> 00:45:15,745 or fill out a questionnaire... 835 00:45:15,895 --> 00:45:18,178 about who they were, what unit they were with, 836 00:45:18,221 --> 00:45:20,042 what they did, what their skills were 837 00:45:20,085 --> 00:45:22,508 what military equipment they had at home... 838 00:45:23,611 --> 00:45:26,177 just... a lot of information... 839 00:45:26,220 --> 00:45:28,356 that would have been useful to us. 840 00:45:28,559 --> 00:45:30,411 And I was collecting all of that. 841 00:45:30,591 --> 00:45:32,822 But the DoD advisory team in charge of 842 00:45:32,865 --> 00:45:34,697 dealing with the Iraqi military... 843 00:45:34,803 --> 00:45:36,319 headed by Walter Slocombe... 844 00:45:36,400 --> 00:45:40,135 had remained in Washington DC and had never visited Iraq. 845 00:45:40,204 --> 00:45:42,361 I said, I don't see any reason to go out there. 846 00:45:42,404 --> 00:45:44,547 I can get ready better, here in Washington. 847 00:45:44,590 --> 00:45:47,258 And I urged them time and again... 848 00:45:47,510 --> 00:45:50,046 in my conversations with them from Baghdad... 849 00:45:50,047 --> 00:45:51,679 that they needed to get over there. 850 00:45:51,722 --> 00:45:54,548 Because there were people waiting ON THEM... 851 00:45:54,618 --> 00:45:56,970 and on one man in particular..., to show up 852 00:45:57,013 --> 00:46:01,049 so he could make decisions and get the ball rolling. 853 00:46:01,213 --> 00:46:02,776 In his absence,... 854 00:46:02,932 --> 00:46:04,909 I was left with the duty of 855 00:46:04,972 --> 00:46:06,929 having to deal with the Iraqi army... 856 00:46:06,972 --> 00:46:08,936 just to keep contact with them. 857 00:46:08,979 --> 00:46:13,738 The Iraqi army was essentially standing there... waiting. 858 00:46:13,802 --> 00:46:15,429 They were waiting for an overture. 859 00:46:15,472 --> 00:46:18,107 They were waiting for what they thought would happen... 860 00:46:18,108 --> 00:46:21,295 that someone would come to them and say... 861 00:46:21,350 --> 00:46:22,964 "This is the plan",... 862 00:46:23,066 --> 00:46:25,644 " and you are integral to that plan..." 863 00:46:25,716 --> 00:46:27,917 "and we need you." 864 00:46:28,023 --> 00:46:29,288 No one ever did that. 865 00:46:29,290 --> 00:46:30,578 When the war was over... 866 00:46:30,621 --> 00:46:32,693 when the major maneuver fighting was over... 867 00:46:32,736 --> 00:46:36,322 There were simply no units... still in existence. 868 00:46:36,365 --> 00:46:37,693 Everybody had gone home. 869 00:46:37,736 --> 00:46:40,626 Generals and commanders were coming back with entire divisions 870 00:46:40,669 --> 00:46:41,863 saying here are my people. 871 00:46:41,906 --> 00:46:43,985 One of the Iraqi officers... 872 00:46:44,143 --> 00:46:45,495 towards the end of ... 873 00:46:45,736 --> 00:46:48,295 the second or the third meeting, when... 874 00:46:48,357 --> 00:46:49,970 Baghdad was going,... 875 00:46:50,275 --> 00:46:53,185 it was in chaos... said... 876 00:46:53,228 --> 00:46:56,618 " Colonel Paul,... I can have 10.000 military police men, 877 00:46:56,661 --> 00:46:59,253 "for you next week, you just tell me." 878 00:46:59,650 --> 00:47:02,601 I took that back to Bernie Kerik's staff 879 00:47:02,644 --> 00:47:04,340 and nothing was done with it. 880 00:47:04,564 --> 00:47:10,254 Instead, Bremer issued the disbanding order 881 00:47:10,667 --> 00:47:14,036 Five days after, Bremmer issued his order. 882 00:47:14,131 --> 00:47:16,236 we were farewelling Jay Garner... 883 00:47:16,291 --> 00:47:20,036 because it was going to leave Iraq... for good the next day. 884 00:47:20,149 --> 00:47:23,739 We had two Humvee's on the highway... 885 00:47:23,837 --> 00:47:26,042 hanging out from the Green Zone... 886 00:47:26,119 --> 00:47:29,713 and they were ambushed and two soldiers were killed 887 00:47:29,969 --> 00:47:33,735 And that was when, in my mind, the insurgency began. 888 00:47:35,919 --> 00:47:40,841 We go, go, go! We go, go, go! 889 00:47:40,997 --> 00:47:43,173 My colleagues and I could sit on the... 890 00:47:43,240 --> 00:47:46,034 balcony or on the roof of the Republican Palace, at night 891 00:47:46,077 --> 00:47:49,413 and we could watch the tracers throughout Baghdad. 892 00:47:49,507 --> 00:47:52,521 We could watch the flares of different colors that went up... 893 00:47:52,564 --> 00:47:54,799 marking... where American convoys 894 00:47:54,842 --> 00:47:57,635 of certain compositions... were moving, 895 00:47:57,694 --> 00:47:59,967 and being followed by the insurgents. 896 00:48:00,046 --> 00:48:09,101 *> 897 00:48:09,102 --> 00:48:10,110 <* 898 00:48:10,153 --> 00:48:12,722 These guys all knew where those munitions were. 899 00:48:12,723 --> 00:48:17,126 They knew how to get to those weapons and how to use them. 900 00:48:17,227 --> 00:48:20,514 And you just sent them away and said they don't exist? 901 00:48:20,615 --> 00:48:22,916 Common sense tells me you don't do that. 902 00:48:22,959 --> 00:48:26,147 When you have huge ammunition dumps...that... 903 00:48:26,190 --> 00:48:29,620 weren't guarded until several weeks if not a couple months 904 00:48:29,663 --> 00:48:32,083 after major combat action ended 905 00:48:32,131 --> 00:48:34,280 I'm standing there watching these insurgents 906 00:48:34,323 --> 00:48:35,448 pullout... 907 00:48:35,580 --> 00:48:37,351 rockets and mortars and bombs 908 00:48:37,405 --> 00:48:40,016 from these weapons caches that the Iraqis sto... 909 00:48:40,017 --> 00:48:41,620 stashed everywhere. 910 00:48:41,948 --> 00:48:45,087 And you go to the British or to the US, whoever is there, 911 00:48:45,088 --> 00:48:47,163 with your little GPS... receiver 912 00:48:47,206 --> 00:48:48,531 to " Hey guys..." 913 00:48:48,586 --> 00:48:52,747 you know "we have found like 18.000 million tons of bombs, and... 914 00:48:52,794 --> 00:48:54,964 " and there're a bunch of Iraqis with AK-47s... 915 00:48:54,965 --> 00:48:56,341 " taking it away." 916 00:48:56,384 --> 00:48:59,681 " Probably not the best idea... here's where its located." 917 00:48:59,724 --> 00:49:00,991 And they say to you... 918 00:49:01,004 --> 00:49:03,232 " We just don't have enough people to cover it ". 919 00:49:03,275 --> 00:49:06,477 And...I just couldn't believe it, it wasn't the right answer. 920 00:49:06,867 --> 00:49:09,151 Go there and take care of it for your security, 921 00:49:09,170 --> 00:49:12,286 for the civilian security for everybody, its just a bad idea. 922 00:49:25,363 --> 00:49:29,832 Did anyone warn you, that disbanding the army in this way... 923 00:49:29,833 --> 00:49:35,709 would, and then was, fueling major growth of the insurgency 924 00:49:36,173 --> 00:49:37,944 Certainly not in these terms. 925 00:49:38,070 --> 00:49:39,985 Nobody said that to you? 926 00:49:40,110 --> 00:49:41,544 No. I also don't believe it's true... 927 00:49:41,545 --> 00:49:43,445 but nobody said it, nobody said... 928 00:49:43,488 --> 00:49:44,555 You don't believe it's true? 929 00:49:44,597 --> 00:49:46,227 No. I don't believe that it's true. 930 00:49:46,270 --> 00:49:48,710 A number of the most senior Generals 931 00:49:48,753 --> 00:49:51,787 came to the Channal Hotel, to the UN headquarters 932 00:49:51,788 --> 00:49:53,708 and they were very explicit... 933 00:49:53,763 --> 00:49:56,703 of the consequences of letting this order stand 934 00:49:56,831 --> 00:49:58,392 and of marginalizing... 935 00:49:58,435 --> 00:50:01,392 this incredible powerful segment of the society... 936 00:50:01,478 --> 00:50:03,070 would be an insurgency 937 00:50:03,113 --> 00:50:06,864 A Lebanese diplomat named Hassan Salami... 938 00:50:06,950 --> 00:50:09,705 turned to his colleague as the generals walked away 939 00:50:09,706 --> 00:50:11,374 after one of their meetings... 940 00:50:11,375 --> 00:50:14,667 and said " I see bullets in their eyes". 941 00:50:14,720 --> 00:50:16,548 " I see bullets in their eyes ". 942 00:50:16,780 --> 00:50:20,316 Even more remarkable that the decision to disband the army... 943 00:50:20,317 --> 00:50:22,403 it how that this decision was made... 944 00:50:22,490 --> 00:50:24,536 Secretly, over a single week... 945 00:50:24,591 --> 00:50:28,257 by few men in Washington DC who had never been to Iraq. 946 00:50:28,258 --> 00:50:31,093 They did not consult with the military commanders in Iraq... 947 00:50:31,316 --> 00:50:32,990 not with the joint chiefs of staff ... 948 00:50:33,054 --> 00:50:34,955 ORHA,... the state department... 949 00:50:35,233 --> 00:50:38,230 the CIA... the National Security Council...... 950 00:50:38,370 --> 00:50:42,260 or even, apparently, ... president of the USA. 951 00:50:42,865 --> 00:50:45,734 Walter Slocombe and Paul Hughes, were reinterviewed. 952 00:50:45,876 --> 00:50:47,651 in order to reconstruct the events... 953 00:50:47,694 --> 00:50:49,863 leading to the dissolution of the army. 954 00:50:49,917 --> 00:50:53,849 These guys called themselves, the Independent Military Gathering. 955 00:50:53,932 --> 00:50:58,258 The Independent Military Gathering had a 100,000 on the 9th of May ... 956 00:50:58,301 --> 00:50:59,942 And they already had 100,000 signatures? 957 00:50:59,985 --> 00:51:01,690 Yeh, this was a nation wide effort. 958 00:51:01,691 --> 00:51:04,256 They brought me... I wanted the print-outs. 959 00:51:04,299 --> 00:51:07,354 all the discs,... and they gave them to me... 960 00:51:07,397 --> 00:51:10,132 and I took them back with me to ORHA. 961 00:51:10,246 --> 00:51:13,416 I said "Here we go", and I told Walt and his crew... 962 00:51:13,471 --> 00:51:16,413 I've got these things, the're here waiting for you. 963 00:51:16,577 --> 00:51:18,891 Hughes belived that he had an... 964 00:51:18,962 --> 00:51:21,657 opening to the Iraqi officers... 965 00:51:23,021 --> 00:51:25,770 who would have been prepared to re-constitute the units. 966 00:51:25,813 --> 00:51:29,608 He already had obtained registration statements from 137,000 967 00:51:29,651 --> 00:51:33,369 No he hadn't. He hadn't done that. He may have, he may have wri... 968 00:51:33,580 --> 00:51:35,112 gotten,...may have...'cause 969 00:51:35,155 --> 00:51:39,141 'Cause nobody could have gotten statements from a 130,000 from anybody from anywhere... 970 00:51:39,423 --> 00:51:41,361 in the chaos that prevailed at that point. 971 00:51:41,404 --> 00:51:43,405 They had a courier system set up... 972 00:51:43,467 --> 00:51:47,926 that was running around the metropolitan area of Baghdad... 973 00:51:48,029 --> 00:51:51,765 of Mosul, of Basora and of Kirkuk. 974 00:51:51,937 --> 00:51:55,206 I don't understand... 975 00:51:56,613 --> 00:51:59,949 Given how difficult it was to do anything... 976 00:52:00,205 --> 00:52:02,718 just...operationally or organisationally... 977 00:52:02,719 --> 00:52:04,720 nobody had 137.000. 978 00:52:04,721 --> 00:52:06,555 Walt was not there. 979 00:52:06,556 --> 00:52:09,475 He never met with these people, he had no clue... 980 00:52:09,518 --> 00:52:12,644 So did you tell Slocombe this. That this was going on? 981 00:52:12,687 --> 00:52:16,033 Yes, he knew this. He and his staff, knew this. 982 00:52:16,111 --> 00:52:18,838 Aambassador Breme, you had already done him... 983 00:52:18,884 --> 00:52:20,345 made a recommendation to him 984 00:52:20,361 --> 00:52:24,104 and hi had already made at least a tentative recommendation... 985 00:52:24,470 --> 00:52:26,392 to secretary Rumsfeld... 986 00:52:26,400 --> 00:52:29,245 about the dissolution of the army... 987 00:52:29,246 --> 00:52:31,956 On the emission of the order he finaly issued, yes. 988 00:52:31,980 --> 00:52:33,831 Yes, on May 9. 989 00:52:35,018 --> 00:52:36,452 - Yes. - Okey. 990 00:52:36,816 --> 00:52:39,823 The 9th of May, was the last time that I had a conversation... 991 00:52:39,886 --> 00:52:41,957 with Walt Slocombe. 992 00:52:42,105 --> 00:52:44,456 We talked on the phone, before we went out. 993 00:52:44,494 --> 00:52:46,917 Did you ever say to him, or thinking of 994 00:52:46,956 --> 00:52:50,441 disbanding the Iraqi army and stopping your efforts to recal the Iraqi army? 995 00:52:50,467 --> 00:52:52,823 One of the things I did was, just... 996 00:52:52,847 --> 00:52:54,659 Did you ever say that to him? 997 00:52:55,581 --> 00:52:57,039 In those words, no. 998 00:52:57,167 --> 00:53:00,081 The conversation was...."I'm coming over 999 00:53:00,140 --> 00:53:02,534 "I'm concerned about where I am going to be living... 1000 00:53:02,620 --> 00:53:05,144 you know, "Am I gonna have a motor pool with me 1001 00:53:05,175 --> 00:53:07,883 "My own cooks? ". Yada, yada, yada. 1002 00:53:08,003 --> 00:53:11,113 I mean... it was nothing about the Iraqi military. 1003 00:53:11,154 --> 00:53:13,605 And I was giving him an update on what...l 1004 00:53:13,610 --> 00:53:15,812 So he didn't say that he had already... 1005 00:53:16,113 --> 00:53:18,127 come to the tentative conclusion 1006 00:53:18,128 --> 00:53:20,930 and recommended to Bremer... to dissolve the army? 1007 00:53:20,931 --> 00:53:23,183 Absolutely not, because had he said that 1008 00:53:23,195 --> 00:53:26,852 I would have been on Jay's door step post haste. 1009 00:53:27,243 --> 00:53:29,196 So you guys came up with this idea 1010 00:53:29,211 --> 00:53:31,485 and recommended to secretary Rumsfeld... 1011 00:53:31,500 --> 00:53:34,993 without having spoken to any of t he senior people in Iraq 1012 00:53:35,005 --> 00:53:36,438 resposible for these matters? 1013 00:53:36,458 --> 00:53:38,188 that it was subject to... 1014 00:53:38,266 --> 00:53:40,789 and precisely because of the fact... 1015 00:53:40,910 --> 00:53:43,655 that it had, and actually been only thought of for a few days 1016 00:53:43,792 --> 00:53:46,440 because Bremer was going out and Bremmer said to Rumsfeld... 1017 00:53:46,542 --> 00:53:49,979 "Before I make a recommendation, I will talk to people on the ground". 1018 00:53:50,565 --> 00:53:57,424 Bremer came to Baghdad on May 12. His consultations with the people on the ground were brief to nonexistent. 1019 00:53:57,555 --> 00:53:59,823 Was that a surprise to you, that this had been discussed with... 1020 00:53:59,838 --> 00:54:02,877 No, it hadn't been discussed with me, it was a surprise... a big surprise. 1021 00:54:03,337 --> 00:54:04,860 - Really? - A-hm. 1022 00:54:04,940 --> 00:54:07,760 You never called up Garner and said we're thinking of doing this, 1023 00:54:07,765 --> 00:54:09,518 do you think this is a good idea? 1024 00:54:11,259 --> 00:54:13,112 I don't think I did. 1025 00:54:15,018 --> 00:54:17,973 - Don't you think that might have been a misstake? - No. 1026 00:54:19,083 --> 00:54:20,983 What was your reaction? What did you think? 1027 00:54:21,078 --> 00:54:22,981 I thought it was a poor idea. 1028 00:54:23,340 --> 00:54:25,530 I thought we needed to bring them back. 1029 00:54:25,629 --> 00:54:29,999 The military commanders were also opposed to Bremer's decision. 1030 00:54:30,155 --> 00:54:34,241 John Abizaid and Dave McKiernan were... constantly telling me 1031 00:54:34,311 --> 00:54:36,569 " How about hurrying up? " " Let's get the army back! ". 1032 00:54:36,906 --> 00:54:41,530 There is a large numbr of former Iraqi soldiers that are unemployed now. 1033 00:54:41,711 --> 00:54:44,947 That is a huge concern not only from a security stand point 1034 00:54:44,948 --> 00:54:46,882 but from an economic stand point. 1035 00:54:46,883 --> 00:54:49,313 They are not earning an incom right now. 1036 00:54:49,617 --> 00:54:54,078 And there's the announcement that the Iraqi army has been disbanded. 1037 00:54:54,518 --> 00:54:55,862 And I was floored. 1038 00:54:55,889 --> 00:54:59,667 And at this particulary point in time,... Walt Slocombe and his team... 1039 00:54:59,799 --> 00:55:02,276 still were not... in Iraq. 1040 00:55:02,534 --> 00:55:04,925 Colonel Hughes was the person who was in charge of 1041 00:55:04,948 --> 00:55:06,335 dealing with the Iraqi army... 1042 00:55:06,336 --> 00:55:08,771 because non of the people from your advicery group 1043 00:55:08,772 --> 00:55:11,479 had yet showed up in Iraq, including you. 1044 00:55:12,142 --> 00:55:14,910 Didn't you think that maybe you should speak with him about this? 1045 00:55:14,911 --> 00:55:16,757 I talked with him a lot. 1046 00:55:17,249 --> 00:55:20,702 That's funny! He says that the order to disbanding the army... 1047 00:55:20,753 --> 00:55:22,609 came as a complete surprise to him 1048 00:55:22,654 --> 00:55:27,088 and he learned of it by watching it on a television in an airport. 1049 00:55:27,977 --> 00:55:30,759 That is extr... Well if that so, that's surprising me. 1050 00:55:30,915 --> 00:55:32,767 But it'is impossible. 1051 00:55:33,580 --> 00:55:35,493 When I talked to him... 1052 00:55:35,821 --> 00:55:36,884 I... 1053 00:55:37,196 --> 00:55:41,540 We work together on a daily bases during the time I was there. 1054 00:55:41,743 --> 00:55:44,453 - He came on the 16th of May. 1055 00:55:44,485 --> 00:55:49,057 - For 4 day "world wind tour" of the country... - Ooh! 1056 00:55:49,179 --> 00:55:53,956 And then he left. And he didn't come back until the middle of June 1057 00:55:54,026 --> 00:55:55,878 - Really? - Correct! 1058 00:55:57,175 --> 00:55:58,988 He didn't tell you that? 1059 00:55:59,690 --> 00:56:05,226 Jay Garner and Paul Hughes weren't the only ones surprised by the disbanding order. 1060 00:56:05,228 --> 00:56:07,896 This idea to disbanding the entire army... 1061 00:56:07,898 --> 00:56:09,966 came as a surprise. 1062 00:56:10,133 --> 00:56:11,625 I see. 1063 00:56:11,768 --> 00:56:13,369 What was your reaction when you learned of it? 1064 00:56:13,370 --> 00:56:15,609 I thought that we had created a problem. 1065 00:56:15,679 --> 00:56:17,812 We had a lot of out-of-work soldiers. 1066 00:56:18,675 --> 00:56:20,409 The president already had made a different decision 1067 00:56:20,410 --> 00:56:24,179 which was to keep battalion... and below...in force. 1068 00:56:24,180 --> 00:56:25,679 - Earlier, yes. - Yes. 1069 00:56:25,718 --> 00:56:28,992 ...within a couple of days proximity 1070 00:56:29,054 --> 00:56:33,672 Most of us where caught relatively or completely unaware of disbanding the army. 1071 00:56:33,757 --> 00:56:37,123 Secretary Powell found out about it as I did. 1072 00:56:37,537 --> 00:56:38,460 Which was how? 1073 00:56:38,461 --> 00:56:41,607 Just the day he announced that he disbanded the army. 1074 00:56:41,868 --> 00:56:44,770 - How about Condoleezza Rice? - She ought to speak for he self. 1075 00:56:44,834 --> 00:56:49,594 Condoleezza Rice refused to be interviewed for this documentary. 1076 00:56:49,744 --> 00:56:51,780 Do you have any idea how much the president knew... 1077 00:56:51,808 --> 00:56:53,976 about these decisions in advance? Whether he... 1078 00:56:53,977 --> 00:56:57,436 As I said before, I don't know if he was informed by Mr Rumsfeld or not. 1079 00:56:57,438 --> 00:56:58,755 No idea! 1080 00:56:58,882 --> 00:57:00,949 I wasn't in my office but 2 hours 1081 00:57:01,991 --> 00:57:03,741 a young MP comes to se me.. 1082 00:57:03,743 --> 00:57:05,179 he goes "Colonel Hughes..." 1083 00:57:05,241 --> 00:57:08,724 " I got some some Iraqi officers that wanna met with you." 1084 00:57:09,092 --> 00:57:11,326 And I was thinking to myself "Holy cow". 1085 00:57:11,327 --> 00:57:13,294 What do I tell this guys? 1086 00:57:13,630 --> 00:57:15,886 So I finally came downstairs and met with them 1087 00:57:15,895 --> 00:57:19,025 in the rotunda of the Republican Palace. 1088 00:57:19,174 --> 00:57:23,595 Colonel Mirzan...says... Colonel Paul... what happened? 1089 00:57:23,695 --> 00:57:26,163 And I said to him... I don't know what happened. 1090 00:57:26,210 --> 00:57:29,111 I have no idea of how this came about. 1091 00:57:29,178 --> 00:57:30,678 And he said... 1092 00:57:30,974 --> 00:57:32,856 All these soldiers... 1093 00:57:32,888 --> 00:57:34,516 they now have no recourse 1094 00:57:34,517 --> 00:57:36,084 they have no money comming to them. 1095 00:57:36,085 --> 00:57:38,302 What are they supposed to do? 1096 00:57:53,303 --> 00:57:57,339 In July, 2003, the insurgents begin planting improvised explosive devices (IED's) all over Iraq. 1097 00:57:57,340 --> 00:58:00,509 There is a dramatic rise in casualty rates among American soldiers. 1098 00:58:00,510 --> 00:58:02,110 How many times did I tell you? 1099 00:58:02,111 --> 00:58:03,779 - Shit! - Carajo! 1100 00:58:03,780 --> 00:58:05,113 Moan, my ear! 1101 00:58:05,114 --> 00:58:06,815 We need to get the fuck out of here. 1102 00:58:06,816 --> 00:58:10,185 There are some who.... feel like that... 1103 00:58:10,186 --> 00:58:12,621 the conditions are such that they can attack us there. 1104 00:58:12,622 --> 00:58:14,565 My answer is bring'em on. 1105 00:58:14,639 --> 00:58:16,518 I was in the bucket. 1106 00:58:17,246 --> 00:58:21,018 The bucket is a non armored vehicle. 1107 00:58:21,207 --> 00:58:25,073 Anything that happens... you gonna get it. 1108 00:58:25,534 --> 00:58:27,815 So, nobody wants to be in there. 1109 00:58:27,904 --> 00:58:32,190 In 2003, only 1 in 8 Humvees in Iraq had adequate armor. 1110 00:58:32,675 --> 00:58:37,045 I saw the blast almost directly, sir. 1111 00:58:38,861 --> 00:58:42,267 I then I started hearing the fire fight... 1112 00:58:42,619 --> 00:58:47,259 From the far... to the closest...blam, blam we started firing. 1113 00:58:47,602 --> 00:58:50,759 We have a limited problem of some bitter enders... 1114 00:58:50,820 --> 00:58:53,135 some small remnants of the old regime 1115 00:58:53,540 --> 00:58:56,098 who are using professional military tactics... 1116 00:58:56,099 --> 00:59:00,150 to attack and kill our soldiers, as they did...this morning. 1117 00:59:00,297 --> 00:59:02,892 - Do you think this is a coordinated campaign 1118 00:59:02,959 --> 00:59:04,978 - No, no. - Is this a guerrilla war? 1119 00:59:07,911 --> 00:59:09,830 As a consequence of that blast... 1120 00:59:09,877 --> 00:59:15,081 I suffer a penetrating... traumatic brain injury. 1121 00:59:15,603 --> 00:59:20,187 And I lost... the perception of the light in my right eye. 1122 00:59:21,391 --> 00:59:23,825 I suffered damages in the left eye... 1123 00:59:23,826 --> 00:59:27,750 that caused a hole in the retina... 1124 00:59:29,469 --> 00:59:31,070 but we fight,... 1125 00:59:31,797 --> 00:59:34,844 we fight until we hear the cease fire. 1126 00:59:34,897 --> 00:59:38,933 I was a gunner... and my driver lost both his legs... 1127 00:59:39,344 --> 00:59:41,398 and it ejected me out.. 1128 00:59:42,109 --> 00:59:47,703 and I suffered a... fractured femur,... nearly lost my right arm... 1129 00:59:47,976 --> 00:59:51,414 and colapsed lung and closed head wounds. 1130 00:59:51,484 --> 00:59:53,875 I have since gone to the dictionary... 1131 00:59:53,969 --> 00:59:55,954 and I've looked up... 1132 00:59:55,992 --> 00:59:58,660 several things, one of which I can't immediately recapture 1133 00:59:58,661 --> 01:00:00,862 but one was a "guerrilla war"... 1134 01:00:00,863 --> 01:00:03,498 another was "insurgency", another was... 1135 01:00:03,500 --> 01:00:05,466 unconventional "war". Pardon me? 1136 01:00:05,653 --> 01:00:07,372 Wont work! 1137 01:00:08,599 --> 01:00:12,207 No, that's someone elses business, Quagmire (Family Guy: Glenn Quagmire) 1138 01:00:12,208 --> 01:00:13,888 I don't do Quagmires. 1139 01:00:13,919 --> 01:00:16,967 A guy I know, his an counter-insurgency expert. 1140 01:00:17,326 --> 01:00:20,897 He was at the palace where the CPA is headquartered... 1141 01:00:21,117 --> 01:00:23,251 and he was talking to an army colonel... 1142 01:00:23,252 --> 01:00:25,467 whos desk was right outside Bremers office. 1143 01:00:25,498 --> 01:00:28,537 And he said...he used the word insurgency... 1144 01:00:29,131 --> 01:00:34,049 And the army colonel held up his hand and said "There is no insugency in Iraq". 1145 01:00:34,338 --> 01:00:37,458 "There is a high level of domestic violence". 1146 01:00:37,767 --> 01:00:39,301 The security problem... 1147 01:00:39,309 --> 01:00:43,646 increasingly prohibited our ability to do our job. 1148 01:00:43,720 --> 01:00:47,755 I had hoped... to... establish some... 1149 01:00:48,106 --> 01:00:50,309 neighborhood advisory councils 1150 01:00:50,434 --> 01:00:51,750 These three rejected generals... 1151 01:00:51,765 --> 01:00:54,790 gave probably the most coherent... 1152 01:00:54,830 --> 01:00:58,866 briefing on the structure and organization of a... 1153 01:00:59,014 --> 01:01:02,199 1500 year old city, that I think anyone could have gotten... 1154 01:01:02,285 --> 01:01:04,246 One of them launched.. 1155 01:01:04,309 --> 01:01:07,942 into... this... plan for 1156 01:01:08,334 --> 01:01:10,269 neighborhood advisory groups. 1157 01:01:10,402 --> 01:01:15,726 He had this whole grass roots bottom-up democratization... 1158 01:01:15,820 --> 01:01:17,085 thing nailed. 1159 01:01:17,109 --> 01:01:20,843 - It was an absolutely beautiful plan. - What happened to it? 1160 01:01:21,010 --> 01:01:22,210 He was assassinated! 1161 01:01:22,211 --> 01:01:24,146 The country was slipping more and more out of control 1162 01:01:24,155 --> 01:01:26,853 the entire time, and I think in some ways... 1163 01:01:26,861 --> 01:01:28,776 Bremer and his aides didn't know... 1164 01:01:28,785 --> 01:01:33,344 how bad things were getting outside the... blast walls. 1165 01:01:33,690 --> 01:01:37,650 THE PROVISIONAL AUTHORITY OF THE COALITION 1166 01:01:42,345 --> 01:01:45,300 Headquartered in Saddam's former Republican Palace... 1167 01:01:45,309 --> 01:01:48,486 the CPA compound called the Green Zone... 1168 01:01:48,540 --> 01:01:51,663 was shielded by 7 miles of blast walls. 1169 01:01:53,179 --> 01:01:57,033 There were huge lines of Iraqis,... engineers, public officials... 1170 01:01:58,142 --> 01:02:00,225 People just wanted to help, to translate... 1171 01:02:00,342 --> 01:02:03,318 standing in line at the gates of the palace 1172 01:02:03,412 --> 01:02:06,116 Made to wait and not been reached by anyone. 1173 01:02:06,303 --> 01:02:08,662 Just told "go away", don't come back. 1174 01:02:08,740 --> 01:02:10,858 These people came there and tried once and two times 1175 01:02:10,860 --> 01:02:12,171 and three times and then they gave up. 1176 01:02:12,189 --> 01:02:13,976 I absolutely hated the Green Zone. 1177 01:02:14,022 --> 01:02:16,831 I got out every chanse I could to meet with the Iraqis... 1178 01:02:16,833 --> 01:02:20,132 and sit in their homes and hear their complaints and their thoughts. 1179 01:02:20,180 --> 01:02:22,329 And I would come back and tell Dan Senor 1180 01:02:22,376 --> 01:02:25,707 "You have a problem", you are not communicating to the Iraqis. 1181 01:02:25,962 --> 01:02:29,889 Dan Senor, who was Bremer's press spokesman, speaks no Arabic. 1182 01:02:30,038 --> 01:02:34,150 Virtually nobody in the CPA and in the senior engineer level, spoke Arabic. 1183 01:02:34,346 --> 01:02:36,830 On a count maby five or six... 1184 01:02:36,900 --> 01:02:40,789 among the top... 40, 50 or 70 officials. 1185 01:02:40,790 --> 01:02:44,292 We had regional experts that had served in Iraq. 1186 01:02:44,634 --> 01:02:47,094 But as has been documented, many of them, 1187 01:02:47,104 --> 01:02:49,909 where not involved in the initial parts... 1188 01:02:50,018 --> 01:02:53,182 after the invasion of Iraq and the initial occupation... 1189 01:02:53,361 --> 01:02:55,069 so that expertise was lost. 1190 01:02:55,071 --> 01:02:57,854 Tell us how your time there ended. 1191 01:02:59,114 --> 01:03:01,512 I understand... the sensitive of the subject. 1192 01:03:01,571 --> 01:03:03,869 Say what you're comfortable saying 1193 01:03:05,672 --> 01:03:09,942 I would say that it ended much sooner then I had anticipated... 1194 01:03:09,952 --> 01:03:14,599 and it ended much sooner than I would have wanted. 1195 01:03:15,310 --> 01:03:17,981 I really would have liked to have stayed and tried to 1196 01:03:18,152 --> 01:03:20,828 giving the frustrations and the limitations... 1197 01:03:20,830 --> 01:03:24,332 it was still a very... worthwhile... place to be, 1198 01:03:24,333 --> 01:03:26,568 and a worthwhile thing to be trying to do 1199 01:03:26,569 --> 01:03:28,001 Do you know why she was fired? 1200 01:03:28,994 --> 01:03:32,775 - I know why, I was told. - What was it? 1201 01:03:32,876 --> 01:03:35,266 That she was difficult to get along with, and she... 1202 01:03:35,462 --> 01:03:37,516 was offering... opinions... 1203 01:03:37,524 --> 01:03:39,977 that would counter the prevailing wisdom in Baghdad at the time 1204 01:03:40,009 --> 01:03:41,759 We were getting... 1205 01:03:42,009 --> 01:03:45,051 new people in, after Bremer showed up. 1206 01:03:46,114 --> 01:03:49,169 Kids,... right out of college,... you know? 1207 01:03:49,520 --> 01:03:51,339 They have a baccalaureate degree 1208 01:03:51,355 --> 01:03:54,342 just got it before the previous spring. 1209 01:03:54,748 --> 01:03:57,488 Daddy made a contribution to the campaign 1210 01:03:57,678 --> 01:04:02,763 so the kid gets a chance to go over and experience some fun travel and adventure 1211 01:04:04,613 --> 01:04:06,380 Pretty boys that's what I call them 1212 01:04:06,489 --> 01:04:09,961 They sat around Bremmer's front door and did nothing 1213 01:04:10,216 --> 01:04:13,685 During the course my time and in the Green Zone 1214 01:04:13,715 --> 01:04:15,883 when I was in the palace I bumped into one of my students 1215 01:04:15,885 --> 01:04:17,350 just graduated. 1216 01:04:17,420 --> 01:04:20,455 I asked her what she was doing and... she said well I... 1217 01:04:20,456 --> 01:04:21,911 She couldn't belive her luck. 1218 01:04:21,942 --> 01:04:23,692 "I'm being asked to..." 1219 01:04:23,738 --> 01:04:26,335 "do the traffic plan for the city". 1220 01:04:26,552 --> 01:04:29,764 And I... asked her if she had any training in municipal planning... 1221 01:04:29,765 --> 01:04:31,427 and she said no. 1222 01:04:33,208 --> 01:04:35,470 So she fresh out of school 1223 01:04:35,486 --> 01:04:39,672 and had been put in charge of something quite complicated...to say the least 1224 01:04:39,734 --> 01:04:42,797 And beeing out in Baghdad traffic, the need was apparent. 1225 01:04:42,912 --> 01:04:46,181 Most officials there, where on three month... contracts. 1226 01:04:46,273 --> 01:04:50,148 As soon as somebody would develop the apropiate relationships with the Iraqis 1227 01:04:50,273 --> 01:04:54,556 in 90 days,... 100 days, 120 days, they'd go home.. 1228 01:04:54,658 --> 01:04:56,158 And that... 1229 01:04:56,273 --> 01:04:58,978 is a terrible way to run an organization 1230 01:04:59,212 --> 01:05:02,564 There was a very strong... preference... 1231 01:05:02,586 --> 01:05:04,698 on the ... by the Pentagon... 1232 01:05:04,700 --> 01:05:08,270 to have American... companies doing the work. 1233 01:05:08,478 --> 01:05:12,837 And there are numerous instances where local Iraqi contractors 1234 01:05:12,884 --> 01:05:14,993 proposed that they could do pieces of work 1235 01:05:15,057 --> 01:05:17,292 for much much less than infact... 1236 01:05:17,379 --> 01:05:19,883 the American contractors could have done 1237 01:05:20,048 --> 01:05:22,050 Ann and I had a different approach to our work... 1238 01:05:22,051 --> 01:05:24,419 than many coalition units have. 1239 01:05:24,420 --> 01:05:27,421 Because we worked very very closely with the Iraqis. 1240 01:05:27,485 --> 01:05:32,415 If we're sitting in a meeting it was Americans... and Iraqis 1241 01:05:32,430 --> 01:05:35,153 and the Iraqis had just as much say as we did 1242 01:05:35,216 --> 01:05:37,981 We were building border forts right next to forts being put up 1243 01:05:38,002 --> 01:05:39,473 by the Army Corps of Engineers 1244 01:05:39,489 --> 01:05:42,150 to that big American contractor Parsons. 1245 01:05:42,356 --> 01:05:45,009 I mean, we had our forts designed, build and dedicated 1246 01:05:45,041 --> 01:05:47,074 in a period of about five months. 1247 01:05:47,209 --> 01:05:49,010 I think we left the Parsons forts 1248 01:05:49,011 --> 01:05:51,279 which had been started maybe a year before we arrived 1249 01:05:51,280 --> 01:05:52,854 we're still not finished. 1250 01:05:52,903 --> 01:05:58,988 Seth Moulton and Ann Gildroy's border forts cost $200.000. Parson's cost $1,200,000. 1251 01:05:59,362 --> 01:06:02,807 The military officers would often be out in the field, 1252 01:06:03,003 --> 01:06:06,361 expanding the small amount of funds that they had, 1253 01:06:06,363 --> 01:06:10,473 for immediate action to, say, clean up street... 1254 01:06:10,599 --> 01:06:14,536 effect some temporary improvements in the sewage system... 1255 01:06:14,537 --> 01:06:18,230 Once a military had expended it's small amount of money to do that 1256 01:06:18,266 --> 01:06:19,933 it would come back to CPA. 1257 01:06:19,942 --> 01:06:21,902 "We need this, this and this" 1258 01:06:21,963 --> 01:06:24,942 "for these projects, and it's gonna cost as much and so forth". 1259 01:06:24,967 --> 01:06:29,081 And... it would disappear... it would simply disappear. 1260 01:06:29,185 --> 01:06:31,723 - "What happened to my request?" - Oh, "what request?" 1261 01:06:32,497 --> 01:06:35,028 And this happened over and over again. 1262 01:06:35,164 --> 01:06:40,936 $18 billion (i.e $18,000 million) in reconstruction money was made available on October 1, 2003. 1263 01:06:41,145 --> 01:06:44,755 This $18 billion that was commited by the Congress... 1264 01:06:45,599 --> 01:06:50,122 was really misconceived and misspent, if it was spent at all? 1265 01:06:50,139 --> 01:06:53,333 We expect to produce enough electricity for all Iraqis 1266 01:06:53,395 --> 01:06:56,431 to have electrical service 24 hours daily. 1267 01:06:56,479 --> 01:07:00,270 Something essential to their hopes for the future 1268 01:07:00,333 --> 01:07:05,220 There was fraud, there was corruption, there was waste. 1269 01:07:05,222 --> 01:07:09,529 One year later, only $1 billion had actually been spent. 1270 01:07:09,658 --> 01:07:12,419 The ordinary people have their electricity... 1271 01:07:12,455 --> 01:07:15,004 only for two or three hours a day. 1272 01:07:15,084 --> 01:07:19,190 Water comes every, like now and then, every two or three days. 1273 01:07:19,261 --> 01:07:22,315 We spent the winter shivering, covered in blankets... 1274 01:07:22,400 --> 01:07:27,241 because we didn't have enough fuel to operate the heaters. 1275 01:07:27,401 --> 01:07:30,676 That's, that's....that's the life we live. 1276 01:07:45,394 --> 01:07:47,062 In May, 2003... 1277 01:07:47,063 --> 01:07:49,230 the United Nations sent its best expert... 1278 01:07:49,231 --> 01:07:52,667 in postwar reconstruction to help the USA occupation. 1279 01:07:52,722 --> 01:07:56,331 He was a Brazilian diplomat named Sergio Vieira de Mello. 1280 01:07:56,383 --> 01:07:59,487 Even though the UN was given nothing meaningful to do 1281 01:07:59,575 --> 01:08:01,854 Kofi (Annan) announced "Let me send my best." 1282 01:08:01,933 --> 01:08:05,442 "If anybody can... carv out a bigger role for the UN" 1283 01:08:05,504 --> 01:08:07,448 "it's my guy, it's Sergio Vieira de Mello". 1284 01:08:07,457 --> 01:08:10,115 You know I was part of his team, you know I was his... 1285 01:08:10,364 --> 01:08:12,920 principal political adviser, you know, at that time... 1286 01:08:12,922 --> 01:08:14,973 and went together to Baghdad. 1287 01:08:15,128 --> 01:08:17,964 Our political team were all Arabic speakers... 1288 01:08:18,030 --> 01:08:22,110 and with good experience, working in the region and so on. 1289 01:08:22,191 --> 01:08:25,845 One of the things that Sergio did, that is very very poignant in retrospect, is that... 1290 01:08:25,932 --> 01:08:29,065 seeing that the USA had boarded itself up 1291 01:08:29,127 --> 01:08:34,306 in the Green Zone... and... was not accessing the Iraqi Street. 1292 01:08:34,461 --> 01:08:36,643 Sergio created a structure in Iraq... 1293 01:08:36,645 --> 01:08:38,650 that was precisely the opposite to the Green Zone. 1294 01:08:38,657 --> 01:08:40,141 You may call it the anti Green Zone. 1295 01:08:40,149 --> 01:08:43,851 I'm listening, I'm listening to political... leaders... 1296 01:08:43,853 --> 01:08:46,588 you know I'll be meeting with them on a daily basis 1297 01:08:46,589 --> 01:08:49,257 We had various discussions with these military 1298 01:08:49,287 --> 01:08:51,071 who came to the UN 1299 01:08:51,258 --> 01:08:53,661 and met with Sergio Vieira de Mello... 1300 01:08:53,743 --> 01:08:55,868 and ask him, you know, to mediate 1301 01:08:55,891 --> 01:08:59,100 in the dispute that they have with the CPA. 1302 01:08:59,101 --> 01:09:01,369 You had this long long lines right outside the Green Zone... 1303 01:09:01,370 --> 01:09:03,771 but they could not make their complaints felt. 1304 01:09:03,780 --> 01:09:07,550 In the UN compound, by contrast, it was incredibly porous 1305 01:09:07,675 --> 01:09:11,456 If you wanted to complain, the UN was very very eager to hear your complaint 1306 01:09:11,487 --> 01:09:13,302 and Sergio saw this his role 1307 01:09:13,354 --> 01:09:15,847 to relate those complaints to Bremmer, at the highest levels 1308 01:09:15,849 --> 01:09:18,043 in hopes that somebody saw these things get tended to... 1309 01:09:18,045 --> 01:09:20,321 before insurgency took root. 1310 01:09:20,322 --> 01:09:22,924 I'm meeting with him regularly 1311 01:09:22,925 --> 01:09:26,194 and sharing my advice and my experience with him.. 1312 01:09:26,195 --> 01:09:29,230 As soon as Bremer had made use of Sergio, 1313 01:09:29,231 --> 01:09:31,071 had made use of the UN 1314 01:09:31,360 --> 01:09:34,002 he had almost no time for the UN. 1315 01:09:34,003 --> 01:09:35,570 And so what Sergio lived through, 1316 01:09:35,571 --> 01:09:38,473 was two months, of in effect, being used, 1317 01:09:38,474 --> 01:09:41,696 as a vehicle to get to certain segments in Iraqi society 1318 01:09:41,743 --> 01:09:43,211 and the for his last month... 1319 01:09:43,219 --> 01:09:45,750 what he endured was not having his phone calls returned 1320 01:09:45,786 --> 01:09:48,054 and so on issues like detention policy 1321 01:09:48,598 --> 01:09:52,090 hoodings was one of the issues that Sergio raised again and again, with... 1322 01:09:52,284 --> 01:09:54,279 Bremer and with general Sánchez. 1323 01:09:54,290 --> 01:09:57,094 The hoodings of prisoners, Bremer would hear non of it. 1324 01:10:06,056 --> 01:10:10,572 Be three or four crucial months after the fall of Baghdad... 1325 01:10:10,618 --> 01:10:14,501 the two main things the US military was doing on the ground, were... 1326 01:10:14,594 --> 01:10:18,634 looking for WMD supplies and looking for Saddam Hussein 1327 01:10:18,712 --> 01:10:21,076 The process of those searches... 1328 01:10:21,290 --> 01:10:23,218 busting in the doors at night... 1329 01:10:23,219 --> 01:10:25,887 rounding up people, taking them to Abu Ghraib... 1330 01:10:25,888 --> 01:10:30,584 having mass arrests, had really an bittering effect. 1331 01:10:54,182 --> 01:10:56,683 If you happen to be a military aged Iraqi 1332 01:10:56,685 --> 01:10:59,787 in an area of operation where the American military went into 1333 01:10:59,788 --> 01:11:01,689 there's a good chance you gonna be arrested 1334 01:11:01,697 --> 01:11:05,430 or interned as a suspected insurgent. 1335 01:11:05,494 --> 01:11:08,930 Just have been a military aged man and in that area of operation. 1336 01:11:09,001 --> 01:11:10,898 In many occasions, you take the 1337 01:11:10,899 --> 01:11:13,642 Iraqi man in military age out of his family... 1338 01:11:13,822 --> 01:11:15,160 you're taking the breadwinner. 1339 01:11:15,203 --> 01:11:17,808 I have no one left, I swear on Muhammad's life 1340 01:11:17,836 --> 01:11:20,642 he has done nothing wrong. 1341 01:11:20,651 --> 01:11:23,094 Oh my son, Amer! 1342 01:11:25,085 --> 01:11:28,138 You anger not just him but you anger an extended family. 1343 01:11:28,365 --> 01:11:31,615 Because he's probably supporting more than his immediate family. 1344 01:11:35,185 --> 01:11:38,240 Whenever they hear the American helicopters 1345 01:11:38,349 --> 01:11:40,850 or American tanks driving in their street 1346 01:11:40,990 --> 01:11:43,075 they immediately wake up... 1347 01:11:43,247 --> 01:11:45,500 even if it's like two o'clock in the morning... 1348 01:11:45,501 --> 01:11:48,536 and prepare themselves for the detention. 1349 01:11:48,857 --> 01:11:53,403 Because for them, this is a usual thing happening, even now! 1350 01:11:54,089 --> 01:11:58,226 There were attacks on... the American soldiers themselves... 1351 01:11:58,314 --> 01:12:00,207 and so they responded those attacks. 1352 01:12:00,221 --> 01:12:02,786 by going out and trying to find the insurgents. 1353 01:12:02,928 --> 01:12:04,933 And in going out to find the insurgents 1354 01:12:04,964 --> 01:12:08,435 they sometimes, arrested the wrong person, 1355 01:12:09,092 --> 01:12:12,177 they even sometimes, killed the wrong person. 1356 01:12:12,296 --> 01:12:14,964 Once people were arrested, they tended to disappear... 1357 01:12:14,997 --> 01:12:18,401 in the American military prison system 1358 01:12:18,455 --> 01:12:20,268 for a long time without a trace 1359 01:12:20,292 --> 01:12:22,183 Their families couldn't get any word from them. 1360 01:12:22,248 --> 01:12:28,315 The U.S. military does not disclose the number of Iraqis arrested or detained in Iraq since 2003. 1361 01:12:28,388 --> 01:12:31,800 It is difficult... to understand what it feels like to an occupied person. 1362 01:12:31,813 --> 01:12:33,547 They point a gun on you from their jeeps. 1363 01:12:33,549 --> 01:12:35,083 They stop you when your driving. 1364 01:12:35,084 --> 01:12:37,089 The Iraqis would not understand... 1365 01:12:37,103 --> 01:12:39,578 instructions given to them at traffic check points. 1366 01:12:39,610 --> 01:12:42,126 Were they approaching to quickly, they would get shot and killed. 1367 01:12:42,245 --> 01:12:44,456 Mostly American units that I spent time with 1368 01:12:44,526 --> 01:12:46,980 tried very very hard to always do the right thing 1369 01:12:46,982 --> 01:12:49,412 and to not kill anyone or injur anyone they haven't 1370 01:12:49,464 --> 01:12:51,834 intended to or needed to. 1371 01:12:51,900 --> 01:12:55,069 But there is no question that the wars are messy... 1372 01:12:55,070 --> 01:12:57,105 and, this one in Iraq... 1373 01:12:57,106 --> 01:12:59,259 with the way the insurgency is being waged 1374 01:12:59,302 --> 01:13:00,642 is particularly so. 1375 01:13:00,712 --> 01:13:04,165 One after another you have these short term decisions 1376 01:13:04,189 --> 01:13:06,970 which by the end of 2003... 1377 01:13:07,095 --> 01:13:10,417 ment you had a country with an insurgency underway. 1378 01:13:11,078 --> 01:13:16,517 UN HEADQUARTERS BAGHDAD AUGUST 19, 2003 1379 01:13:24,566 --> 01:13:29,818 On August 19, 2003, a massive bomb destroyed the UN headquarters in Baghdad, killing 22 people 1380 01:13:30,005 --> 01:13:35,173 Among those killed, the UN's chief envoy to Iraq, Sergio Vieira de Mello. 1381 01:13:54,219 --> 01:13:55,653 A Russian made truck... 1382 01:13:55,701 --> 01:13:59,571 pulled up right outside Sergio Vieira de Mello window 1383 01:13:59,645 --> 01:14:00,957 and set off... 1384 01:14:00,959 --> 01:14:03,104 just a huge amount of explosives. 1385 01:14:03,105 --> 01:14:07,131 The entire southwestern corner at the UN building collapsed. 1386 01:14:07,171 --> 01:14:09,397 Sergio was under the rubble and alive 1387 01:14:09,444 --> 01:14:12,530 for more than three hours awaiting rescue. 1388 01:14:12,549 --> 01:14:15,428 We lost many colleagues.... you know, in that moment. 1389 01:14:15,462 --> 01:14:19,030 And I think it was the sign that something dramatic... 1390 01:14:19,124 --> 01:14:22,190 had happened in the country and the insurgency had become... 1391 01:14:22,302 --> 01:14:24,003 very lethal and full fledged... 1392 01:14:24,059 --> 01:14:26,919 ready for a long struggle and long fight... 1393 01:14:26,958 --> 01:14:30,055 you know, with the... coalition forces. 1394 01:14:33,001 --> 01:14:36,070 In 2004, the relation between the army... 1395 01:14:36,071 --> 01:14:39,223 and the Iraqi people had grown toxic. 1396 01:14:41,097 --> 01:14:45,075 Allright, this is the corner where liitle kids throw rocks at us 1397 01:14:48,183 --> 01:14:49,935 God damn! 1398 01:14:52,386 --> 01:14:56,422 - Right here! - But we can't use deadly force. 1399 01:14:56,525 --> 01:14:58,092 We can't use deadly force. 1400 01:14:58,093 --> 01:14:59,321 Fuck you1 1401 01:14:59,895 --> 01:15:02,460 Fuck you! Your little shit! 1402 01:15:02,713 --> 01:15:06,951 You see...all these civilians who come over to work for 1403 01:15:07,402 --> 01:15:09,436 for the private contractors, who are... 1404 01:15:09,467 --> 01:15:11,944 doing so much to the work with the reconstruction 1405 01:15:12,014 --> 01:15:14,137 because we don't have enough troops 1406 01:15:14,343 --> 01:15:20,692 There are more than 45.000 private military contractors in Iraq, more than in any war in U.S history. 1407 01:15:29,891 --> 01:15:32,660 I have seen an awful lot of of civil contractors... 1408 01:15:32,662 --> 01:15:37,065 who have been... particulary violent...and.... 1409 01:15:37,485 --> 01:15:39,834 very short sighted in terms of what they're doing. 1410 01:15:39,835 --> 01:15:43,451 What follows is a home movie made by a private military contractor in Iraq. 1411 01:15:43,474 --> 01:15:45,236 The music is in the original. 1412 01:16:43,572 --> 01:16:45,901 Did he already fight the americans? 1413 01:16:51,772 --> 01:16:54,041 By early 2004, Faluya... 1414 01:16:54,042 --> 01:16:57,545 a city of 350.000 people west of Baghdad... 1415 01:16:57,546 --> 01:17:01,582 had become the center of the Suni insurgency. 1416 01:17:05,195 --> 01:17:07,758 On March 31, 2004... 1417 01:17:07,930 --> 01:17:10,820 four american military contractors were killed... 1418 01:17:10,859 --> 01:17:13,294 and their bodies were dragged thru the streets of Faluya. 1419 01:17:13,295 --> 01:17:15,487 by cheering crowds. 1420 01:17:19,104 --> 01:17:21,202 Beginning in early 2004... 1421 01:17:21,203 --> 01:17:23,203 the National Intelligence Council (NIC)... 1422 01:17:23,209 --> 01:17:24,938 a powerful 12 person committee... 1423 01:17:24,940 --> 01:17:27,953 that sits on top of americas intelligence community... 1424 01:17:28,039 --> 01:17:31,178 Conducted several assesments of the growing insurgency... 1425 01:17:31,179 --> 01:17:32,992 which they presented to the White House... 1426 01:17:33,001 --> 01:17:35,402 and senior administration officials. 1427 01:17:35,450 --> 01:17:39,086 Well, we were chronicling... what was a deepening insurgency. 1428 01:17:39,087 --> 01:17:42,223 It was broadning and was not limited to foreign fighters... 1429 01:17:42,224 --> 01:17:44,659 or...dissaffected baath-ists. 1430 01:17:44,660 --> 01:17:46,994 What we... call a the insurgency... 1431 01:17:46,995 --> 01:17:50,138 really is a multy-faceted deeply-rooted thing. 1432 01:17:50,904 --> 01:17:52,841 It's not just a few baath-ists dead-enders... 1433 01:17:52,857 --> 01:17:56,568 not just a few extremists from oversea... 1434 01:17:56,990 --> 01:18:00,875 but rather reflected multiple motivations... 1435 01:18:00,876 --> 01:18:03,647 and frustrations among the Iraqi people themselves. 1436 01:18:03,701 --> 01:18:07,415 Has...the economic situation was deteriorating... 1437 01:18:07,416 --> 01:18:11,987 Has peoples personal security was becoming weaker... 1438 01:18:12,135 --> 01:18:16,463 and as resentment of the American occupation was growing. 1439 01:18:16,619 --> 01:18:19,460 The CIA... 1440 01:18:19,769 --> 01:18:21,929 laid out a... 1441 01:18:22,129 --> 01:18:24,799 several scenarios. 1442 01:18:24,800 --> 01:18:28,497 it said... life could be lousy, life could be okey... 1443 01:18:28,872 --> 01:18:30,106 life could be better. 1444 01:18:30,184 --> 01:18:32,083 The president hadn't read it... 1445 01:18:32,138 --> 01:18:35,109 not even the one page summary over which we worked so hard 1446 01:18:35,110 --> 01:18:38,446 to reduce the findings to a single readable page. 1447 01:18:38,575 --> 01:18:41,559 - President did not read even the executive summary? - Correct. 1448 01:18:41,583 --> 01:18:46,053 And they were just a... 1449 01:18:46,054 --> 01:18:48,222 guessing as what the conditions might be like. 1450 01:18:48,326 --> 01:18:51,529 What's your estimate of the number of people in Iraq who... 1451 01:18:51,851 --> 01:18:55,954 have been active at some level in the insurgency? 1452 01:18:56,198 --> 01:18:59,500 Active in some level... if you say supporting 1453 01:18:59,501 --> 01:19:01,702 providing safe haven to... 1454 01:19:01,771 --> 01:19:04,740 potentially... well over 100,000 people. 1455 01:19:18,698 --> 01:19:21,355 Despite the intensification of the insurgency... 1456 01:19:21,479 --> 01:19:23,924 there were still not sufficient armored vehicles... 1457 01:19:23,925 --> 01:19:25,844 for american soldiers in Iraq. 1458 01:19:25,923 --> 01:19:27,428 We never had a single armored Humvee 1459 01:19:27,429 --> 01:19:30,329 while we were in Iraq throughout 2003. 1460 01:19:30,493 --> 01:19:33,477 We... went to Iraq in 2004 with 1461 01:19:33,548 --> 01:19:35,002 unarmored Humvee's. 1462 01:19:35,003 --> 01:19:38,665 and they were giving armored kits in Kuwait. 1463 01:19:38,791 --> 01:19:41,860 Which were just sort of cut out doors with no windows, 1464 01:19:42,727 --> 01:19:45,579 and a bullet proof windshield and... that's about it. 1465 01:19:45,580 --> 01:19:48,407 If your Humvee hadn't been armored 1466 01:19:48,578 --> 01:19:51,186 what do you think the damage for that idea had been? 1467 01:19:51,219 --> 01:19:52,812 I think it would've been deadly. 1468 01:19:52,833 --> 01:19:56,179 Why do we soldiers have to dig through local landfills 1469 01:19:56,242 --> 01:19:57,880 for pieces of scrap metal... 1470 01:19:57,919 --> 01:20:00,668 and compromized ballistic glass stuff from our armored vehicles 1471 01:20:00,678 --> 01:20:04,515 and why don't we have those resources readyly available to us? 1472 01:20:10,027 --> 01:20:13,973 It is essentially a matter of physics, it isn't a matter of money 1473 01:20:13,975 --> 01:20:17,227 It isn't a matter on the part of the army, of desire... 1474 01:20:17,435 --> 01:20:21,398 it's a matter of production and capability of doing it. 1475 01:20:21,485 --> 01:20:25,032 We have automobil plants closing down in America 1476 01:20:25,376 --> 01:20:26,954 You know...I mean I... 1477 01:20:26,977 --> 01:20:29,274 I am not a factory expert... 1478 01:20:29,313 --> 01:20:31,725 just retool them to produce some armored Humvees 1479 01:20:31,726 --> 01:20:33,027 it should be that difficult. 1480 01:20:33,042 --> 01:20:35,483 You go to the war with the army that you have... 1481 01:20:35,597 --> 01:20:40,031 and the h"army you might want or wish you have at a later time. 1482 01:20:40,468 --> 01:20:44,505 THINGS FALL APART 1483 01:20:44,656 --> 01:20:48,963 In November, 2004, the Pentagon decided to attack Faluya... 1484 01:20:49,049 --> 01:20:52,818 in an attempt to recapture the city from the suní insurgency. 1485 01:20:52,987 --> 01:20:57,314 Faluyas 350.000 residence were warned to leave. 1486 01:21:05,193 --> 01:21:07,995 The battle destroyed 70 % of the city... 1487 01:21:07,996 --> 01:21:11,265 and renders 150.000 people homeless. 1488 01:21:11,266 --> 01:21:14,668 Despite intense combats,... many insurgents escape. 1489 01:21:14,795 --> 01:21:17,237 40 marines were killed. 1490 01:21:18,673 --> 01:21:21,630 While the US military was preoccupied with Faluya... 1491 01:21:21,720 --> 01:21:25,221 Shiít melitias were taking over southern Iraq. 1492 01:21:33,552 --> 01:21:38,833 There is nothing like an army or a... major ah...hm 1493 01:21:38,897 --> 01:21:41,032 large elements of hundreds of people 1494 01:21:41,096 --> 01:21:44,810 trying to overthrow or to change the situation. 1495 01:21:45,045 --> 01:21:46,709 In August, 2004... 1496 01:21:46,755 --> 01:21:49,928 the holy city of Nayaf is taken over by the Mahdi army... 1497 01:21:49,938 --> 01:21:53,701 The Shiít militia controlled... by Muqtada al-Sadr. 1498 01:21:54,670 --> 01:21:58,402 Seth's platoon found itself in combat with Muqtada al-Sadr's militia. 1499 01:21:58,613 --> 01:22:02,730 Essentially that turnover we got from the army unit that we replaced, was... 1500 01:22:02,817 --> 01:22:07,378 that...most things in Nayaf...were pretty peacful. 1501 01:22:07,792 --> 01:22:10,057 Except there's a 3.000 men militia force... 1502 01:22:10,058 --> 01:22:12,698 that occupies the center of the city. 1503 01:22:14,195 --> 01:22:16,697 A lot of rounds flying, a lot of mortars landing. 1504 01:22:16,698 --> 01:22:20,067 My platoon was the first into the police station. 1505 01:22:20,068 --> 01:22:23,904 We just...took our positions alongside the Iraqi police. 1506 01:22:23,905 --> 01:22:25,940 and... defended them from the militia. 1507 01:22:25,941 --> 01:22:27,675 But it wasn't until the end of August... 1508 01:22:27,676 --> 01:22:30,151 that we did a full scale assault... 1509 01:22:30,275 --> 01:22:32,909 on the old city of Nayaf... and took it over. 1510 01:22:32,988 --> 01:22:37,712 Muqtada al-Sadr was allowed to escape unharmed. 1511 01:22:37,819 --> 01:22:40,554 If democracy can not provide for the Iraqi people... 1512 01:22:40,635 --> 01:22:42,823 People will say... "To Hell with the democracy". 1513 01:22:42,908 --> 01:22:44,425 "We need a strong man". 1514 01:22:44,426 --> 01:22:46,427 And I can see the strong man already in the offing 1515 01:22:46,429 --> 01:22:48,330 his name is Muqtada al-Sadr 1516 01:22:48,447 --> 01:22:52,870 And I would say this is not a good choice for the future leader of Iraq. 1517 01:22:52,934 --> 01:22:55,803 Were you a part of... the liberations... 1518 01:22:55,804 --> 01:23:00,127 about wether to capture or kill Muqtada al-Sadr? 1519 01:23:00,220 --> 01:23:01,849 Yes, I was. 1520 01:23:01,932 --> 01:23:05,541 Had we seen Muqtada al-Sadr as a troublemaker and a thorn in the side... 1521 01:23:05,572 --> 01:23:07,803 Absolutely, and we wanted to arrest him. 1522 01:23:07,872 --> 01:23:10,917 It gets back in my view to the matter of troop strategy. 1523 01:23:10,932 --> 01:23:14,108 Yes, military didn't want to be deverted from their major mission. 1524 01:23:14,186 --> 01:23:16,995 To go after what would have been a... probaly short term 1525 01:23:17,010 --> 01:23:20,928 but difficult,... and I'm sure bloody...battle 1526 01:23:21,922 --> 01:23:24,664 and ultimately that's what went out. 1527 01:23:25,414 --> 01:23:29,570 After elections were held in Iraq, on December 15, 2005... 1528 01:23:29,571 --> 01:23:31,435 the United Iraqi Alliance... 1529 01:23:31,458 --> 01:23:34,710 of witch Muqtada al-Sadrs party is a major participant... 1530 01:23:34,743 --> 01:23:38,201 took nearly half the seats in Iraq central government. 1531 01:23:38,240 --> 01:23:40,775 It is not easy being a marine who someone, you know... 1532 01:23:40,815 --> 01:23:45,352 some of my buddys were killed by him and his... militia. 1533 01:23:45,353 --> 01:23:49,124 And now looking at Iraq and see him as a rising polititian. 1534 01:23:49,216 --> 01:23:50,874 That's frustrating. 1535 01:23:51,029 --> 01:23:54,264 Another shiít group within al-Sadr's alliance is SCIRI... 1536 01:23:54,310 --> 01:23:57,699 the Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq. 1537 01:23:57,897 --> 01:24:00,733 SCIRI's leadership lived in Iran for 20 years. 1538 01:24:00,873 --> 01:24:02,583 and is frequently pro Iranian. 1539 01:24:02,655 --> 01:24:04,071 These two shiít groups... 1540 01:24:04,072 --> 01:24:07,007 which sometimes engage in armed combat with each other, 1541 01:24:07,240 --> 01:24:09,756 are poloticaly allied against suní groups. 1542 01:24:09,967 --> 01:24:12,108 Muqtada al-Sadr's Mahdi army... 1543 01:24:12,249 --> 01:24:15,181 continues to clash with US forces. 1544 01:24:15,353 --> 01:24:18,509 The level of activity that we see today from a military standpoint... 1545 01:24:18,511 --> 01:24:21,439 I think ,will clearly... decline, I think they'r in the... 1546 01:24:21,455 --> 01:24:23,830 in the last throws, if you will, in the insurgency. 1547 01:24:23,985 --> 01:24:28,830 When secretary... Rumsfeld and... vice-president Cheney... 1548 01:24:28,869 --> 01:24:34,174 made their comments about the insurgency dying out, being a few defenters etcetera 1549 01:24:34,208 --> 01:24:37,901 you knew that... the intelligence estimats... 1550 01:24:38,141 --> 01:24:41,175 already indicated that they were wrong. 1551 01:24:41,191 --> 01:24:43,422 It had been to Iraq 8 times... 1552 01:24:43,462 --> 01:24:45,774 I knew what the facts on the ground were. 1553 01:24:46,141 --> 01:24:49,703 They will have to speak and they will be judged by their own words and actions.... 1554 01:24:49,757 --> 01:24:51,852 but I knew what the facts were. 1555 01:24:51,875 --> 01:24:56,964 Dick Cheney and Donald Rumsfeld refused to be interviewed for this film. 1556 01:24:57,383 --> 01:25:00,805 Starting in 2005,... the administration slowly began 1557 01:25:00,821 --> 01:25:02,624 to correct some of its mistakes. 1558 01:25:03,391 --> 01:25:05,532 It accelerated training of the Iraqi army... 1559 01:25:05,774 --> 01:25:07,401 and apointed a Moslem diplomat... 1560 01:25:07,402 --> 01:25:10,136 Zalmay Khalilzad, as ambassador. 1561 01:25:10,618 --> 01:25:12,399 In June, 2006... 1562 01:25:12,477 --> 01:25:15,008 ambassador Khalilzad sent an ominous cable 1563 01:25:15,016 --> 01:25:16,561 to Condoleezza Rice. 1564 01:25:16,711 --> 01:25:18,522 Iraqis working for the embassy... 1565 01:25:18,552 --> 01:25:20,390 could not tell their families where they worked... 1566 01:25:20,415 --> 01:25:22,449 for fear of being killed. 1567 01:25:22,598 --> 01:25:25,512 They asked what will happen if the Americans evacuate. 1568 01:25:25,676 --> 01:25:28,996 Many planed ahead for their own abduction. 1569 01:25:29,354 --> 01:25:30,541 Six months later... 1570 01:25:30,543 --> 01:25:33,659 the day after republicans loose control of Congress... 1571 01:25:33,746 --> 01:25:37,297 president Bush announces Donald Rumsfeld's resignation. 1572 01:25:37,299 --> 01:25:40,064 The new secretary of Defense, Robert Gates... 1573 01:25:40,079 --> 01:25:42,868 he's a pragmatist who had been privately critical of the war . 1574 01:25:42,993 --> 01:25:46,243 I am making a change... at the Secretariat of Defense... 1575 01:25:46,249 --> 01:25:48,815 to bring a fresh perspective as to how to achive something 1576 01:25:48,826 --> 01:25:51,210 I think most Americans want, which is a victory. 1577 01:25:51,479 --> 01:25:55,880 THE CHAOS 1578 01:26:06,872 --> 01:26:08,862 By the time Rumsfeld is replaced... 1579 01:26:08,989 --> 01:26:10,864 Iraq is out of control. 1580 01:26:11,033 --> 01:26:13,634 The country increasingly dominated by militias... 1581 01:26:13,635 --> 01:26:16,611 insurgents, criminals and Warlords. 1582 01:26:16,657 --> 01:26:19,541 The mixed areas are purged by ethnic cleansing. 1583 01:26:19,646 --> 01:26:22,015 Shiít militias have infiltrated the police... 1584 01:26:22,092 --> 01:26:24,360 using them for sectarian killings. 1585 01:26:24,657 --> 01:26:28,994 Kidnappings and violent deaths, have reached several hundred per day. 1586 01:26:30,025 --> 01:26:32,052 They kidnapped them from the market... 1587 01:26:32,053 --> 01:26:33,387 and they executed them. 1588 01:26:33,388 --> 01:26:35,283 They executed them for being Suníes. 1589 01:26:35,291 --> 01:26:37,124 There are so many kinds of militia. 1590 01:26:37,125 --> 01:26:38,939 You have the Mahdi militia... 1591 01:26:38,970 --> 01:26:40,635 you have the Badr militia... 1592 01:26:40,657 --> 01:26:42,924 you have many militias in this country. 1593 01:26:43,200 --> 01:26:47,507 And they all are very democratic and... 1594 01:26:47,593 --> 01:26:49,242 arresting people... 1595 01:26:49,514 --> 01:26:50,748 and killing them. 1596 01:26:50,764 --> 01:26:53,839 Secuirity is...terrible, and in many neighborhoods... 1597 01:26:53,841 --> 01:26:57,614 where the ever present threat of cars bombs and IED's (home made explosives). 1598 01:26:57,944 --> 01:26:59,858 A car bomb went off over there. 1599 01:26:59,886 --> 01:27:02,349 I was here, my father here and my brother there. 1600 01:27:02,350 --> 01:27:04,511 My brother was killed in the blast. 1601 01:27:04,628 --> 01:27:06,615 And all the people around him were killed. 1602 01:27:06,654 --> 01:27:10,630 Cars bombs, IED's, kidnappings... 1603 01:27:10,685 --> 01:27:12,982 There are a lot of ways to die. 1604 01:27:13,083 --> 01:27:16,897 Kidnappings especially, sheer money-making gangster stuff. 1605 01:27:16,995 --> 01:27:20,401 Kidnapping of a small boy right in front of the hotel. 1606 01:27:20,420 --> 01:27:23,080 You know, a car just stoped, grabbed the boy and drove off. 1607 01:27:23,127 --> 01:27:26,451 Parents will get a ransome note, and somehow have to raise this amount of money in a week. 1608 01:27:26,490 --> 01:27:30,178 It's not were you just have 1 or 2 or 3 kidnappings, but you have hundreds... 1609 01:27:30,256 --> 01:27:31,878 and you get overwhelmed. 1610 01:27:31,879 --> 01:27:33,732 Where were they kidnapped? 1611 01:27:33,763 --> 01:27:37,589 They took them from their shops, all four of them. 1612 01:27:37,606 --> 01:27:41,191 We went to the Sadr office and begged and pleaded... 1613 01:27:41,231 --> 01:27:42,848 but they denied having them. 1614 01:27:42,850 --> 01:27:45,201 Influx of delusioned individuals 1615 01:27:45,226 --> 01:27:48,061 who are...asking for help or...or... 1616 01:27:48,062 --> 01:27:50,785 or...soon don't... ask for help anymore. 1617 01:27:50,840 --> 01:27:53,379 Why report it to the police? One: we don't trust them, 1618 01:27:53,401 --> 01:27:55,495 Two: they may be committing some of the crime. 1619 01:27:55,511 --> 01:27:58,750 The uniforms that they used, just proliferated all over the place 1620 01:27:58,758 --> 01:28:01,386 So you really have lots of rouge elements 1621 01:28:01,402 --> 01:28:05,098 and people that are using or working under the guise of the security services. 1622 01:28:05,192 --> 01:28:08,981 Now you can see people... arrested by many sources. 1623 01:28:08,988 --> 01:28:10,363 We don't know who are they. 1624 01:28:10,373 --> 01:28:13,809 Fake check-points... in the streets stop people passing... 1625 01:28:13,855 --> 01:28:17,783 and looking to their ID's and see if they were shiít's... 1626 01:28:17,821 --> 01:28:21,356 sunis, kurds, arabs and then... 1627 01:28:21,396 --> 01:28:24,965 either kidnap them or kill them in the same place. 1628 01:28:26,971 --> 01:28:28,933 When I say goodbye of my husband... 1629 01:28:28,949 --> 01:28:31,370 I think I'm not comming back. 1630 01:28:34,050 --> 01:28:38,220 By late 2006, Baghdad had fallen into near anarchy. 1631 01:28:38,714 --> 01:28:41,148 The US military controlled the Green Zone... 1632 01:28:41,149 --> 01:28:43,605 and the area around the Baghdad airport. 1633 01:28:43,712 --> 01:28:47,582 Iraqi security forces controlled areas in the East and South. 1634 01:28:47,845 --> 01:28:51,698 The suníe's militias controlled several predominately suní neighborhoods. 1635 01:28:52,003 --> 01:28:55,620 Muqtada al-Sadr' Mahdi Army... dominated large areas... 1636 01:28:55,639 --> 01:28:58,944 including the enormous shiít slum of Sadr city. 1637 01:28:59,178 --> 01:29:02,368 SCIRIs rival shiít militia, the Badr Brigade... 1638 01:29:02,370 --> 01:29:04,671 controlled wealthier shiít areas. 1639 01:29:04,804 --> 01:29:07,974 Neighborhood organizations controlled many small zones 1640 01:29:08,077 --> 01:29:11,491 Large areas were essentially controlled by noone. 1641 01:29:14,615 --> 01:29:18,218 CONSEQUENCES 1642 01:29:18,332 --> 01:29:21,434 From a study, conducted by Harvard professor Linda Bilmes 1643 01:29:21,456 --> 01:29:23,919 and Nobel laureate Joseph Stiglitz... 1644 01:29:23,966 --> 01:29:29,162 as of early 2007, the US has spent $379 billion ($379,000,000,000). 1645 01:29:29,171 --> 01:29:31,472 directly on the war in Iraq. 1646 01:29:31,535 --> 01:29:36,185 Future operating costs are estimated at $389 billion (389,000,000,000). 1647 01:29:36,279 --> 01:29:38,071 The costs of veterans healthcare... 1648 01:29:38,072 --> 01:29:40,707 and loss of productivity of those serving in Iraq... 1649 01:29:40,794 --> 01:29:43,130 it $482 billion ($482,000,000,000). 1650 01:29:43,216 --> 01:29:46,622 The costs of demobilization and replacing military equipment 1651 01:29:46,684 --> 01:29:49,548 which is being used up 6 times faster than normal 1652 01:29:49,550 --> 01:29:51,952 is $160 billion ($160,000,000,000). 1653 01:29:51,953 --> 01:29:54,554 The increase in oil prices due to the war... 1654 01:29:54,555 --> 01:29:59,626 have cost the US economy. $450 billion ($450,000,000000 million dollars. 1655 01:29:59,696 --> 01:30:02,162 In total,... the economic cost of the war... 1656 01:30:02,163 --> 01:30:05,891 is projected to reach $1,8 trillion ($1,800,000,000,000) 1657 01:30:06,806 --> 01:30:09,236 I'm suffering from... 1658 01:30:09,339 --> 01:30:12,478 post-traumatic... migraines... 1659 01:30:12,566 --> 01:30:15,303 and post-traumatic epilepsy. 1660 01:30:17,487 --> 01:30:24,393 Sometimes,... I... have bad memory about what happened... 1661 01:30:24,558 --> 01:30:26,686 But I'm not... scared of them. 1662 01:30:26,948 --> 01:30:28,730 Do you feel emotionally okey? 1663 01:30:30,300 --> 01:30:32,573 Sometimes, it's a little... 1664 01:30:35,229 --> 01:30:37,353 Sometimes, yes. Sometimes, not. 1665 01:30:38,232 --> 01:30:41,134 Still have drouble...you know, dealing with... 1666 01:30:42,527 --> 01:30:46,264 you know's, what happened to me and to my partner, you know. Sometimes. 1667 01:30:47,575 --> 01:30:51,225 The big big cost... in terms of veterans disability 1668 01:30:51,253 --> 01:30:53,721 it is for the many hundreds of thousands of people... 1669 01:30:53,739 --> 01:30:56,800 who come back, and they find that they can't... 1670 01:30:56,857 --> 01:30:59,519 work and hold down a job in a way they used to... 1671 01:30:59,574 --> 01:31:03,730 because... there just not quite the same as they were before. 1672 01:31:03,886 --> 01:31:05,565 How hot does it get in this country? 1673 01:31:05,690 --> 01:31:10,019 - 120F (49C) - 120 yesterday? 1674 01:31:10,095 --> 01:31:12,663 The last contract I ever signed with the government. 1675 01:31:12,758 --> 01:31:15,687 Some of these units have been there now on their third tour of duty. 1676 01:31:15,742 --> 01:31:17,765 and some of them don't see an end to it. 1677 01:31:17,767 --> 01:31:19,506 They think they'll be back there for their fifth, 1678 01:31:19,507 --> 01:31:22,181 sixth and seventh tour as a duty, before this ends. 1679 01:31:22,235 --> 01:31:23,955 We do not have enough troops. 1680 01:31:24,166 --> 01:31:27,791 How could we protect against a possible conflict in Pyongyang... 1681 01:31:27,825 --> 01:31:30,025 a possible conflict with Iran... 1682 01:31:30,251 --> 01:31:32,551 other potentialities in the world... 1683 01:31:32,553 --> 01:31:34,688 when we'v got everything tied up 1684 01:31:34,689 --> 01:31:36,823 with regard to Iraq and Afghanistan? 1685 01:31:36,824 --> 01:31:38,859 Iran is oddly... 1686 01:31:39,861 --> 01:31:41,190 given... 1687 01:31:42,017 --> 01:31:45,525 how much we disslike... the Iranian regim... 1688 01:31:45,752 --> 01:31:49,668 the single greatest beneficiary... of the war in Iraq. 1689 01:31:49,670 --> 01:31:52,610 We eliminate their historic enemy...for them. 1690 01:31:52,930 --> 01:31:56,543 and put them on top... in...Persian Golf. 1691 01:31:56,544 --> 01:31:59,259 I mean when you have... massive civil war 1692 01:31:59,331 --> 01:32:00,821 violent nasty civil war 1693 01:32:00,847 --> 01:32:02,781 on top of 20% of the worlds oil supply... 1694 01:32:02,783 --> 01:32:04,951 that will probably engulf other regional players, 1695 01:32:04,952 --> 01:32:09,439 Iran, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Syria, maybe even Egypt. 1696 01:32:09,533 --> 01:32:14,394 If Iraq... disintegrates and becomes... an arena of civil war... 1697 01:32:14,395 --> 01:32:16,911 much of it will become like a little Afghanistan. 1698 01:32:16,918 --> 01:32:21,234 It's where...terrorists all over the world will find refuge. 1699 01:32:21,242 --> 01:32:26,199 If Iraq goes back to some sort of... islamo-fascist regim... 1700 01:32:26,222 --> 01:32:28,853 like we had under the taliban's in Afghanistan... 1701 01:32:28,957 --> 01:32:31,700 then we are back to September 10, 2001. 1702 01:32:31,872 --> 01:32:34,739 Except...much larger scale... 1703 01:32:34,958 --> 01:32:36,286 and you know... 1704 01:32:36,340 --> 01:32:38,751 with billions of dollars of oil-wells at there disposal. 1705 01:32:39,137 --> 01:32:41,911 When we were first starting the reconstruction... 1706 01:32:41,918 --> 01:32:43,622 we would sort of joke... 1707 01:32:43,623 --> 01:32:46,254 that there were 500 ways to do it wrong, and... 1708 01:32:46,457 --> 01:32:48,086 two or three ways to do it right. 1709 01:32:48,434 --> 01:32:50,575 What we didn't understand is, that we were... 1710 01:32:50,700 --> 01:32:52,098 gona go through all 500. 1711 01:32:52,168 --> 01:32:53,966 Why do you think all these misstakes were made? 1712 01:32:54,014 --> 01:32:55,544 I don't know! 1713 01:32:55,802 --> 01:32:57,387 I have no idea! 1714 01:32:58,153 --> 01:32:59,700 Puzzling! 1715 01:33:01,608 --> 01:33:04,844 President Bush...was... missing in action 1716 01:33:04,934 --> 01:33:06,981 on the planning for the postwar. 1717 01:33:07,114 --> 01:33:10,747 He deferred to his vice-president and his secretary of Defense... 1718 01:33:10,817 --> 01:33:12,762 the control over those decisions. 1719 01:33:13,408 --> 01:33:16,106 Why on earth, if you were the president of US 1720 01:33:16,189 --> 01:33:18,903 would you plan to use military force and then divorce youself... 1721 01:33:18,937 --> 01:33:23,340 from, essentially, the...most important aspect of that use, 1722 01:33:23,371 --> 01:33:25,261 and that is the aftermath. 1723 01:33:25,314 --> 01:33:26,748 Who is in charge in this war? 1724 01:33:26,773 --> 01:33:31,137 I don't wanna go through the list, I mean it was the president, vice president secretary of Defense 1725 01:33:31,231 --> 01:33:33,760 Those around...around all those people. 1726 01:33:33,831 --> 01:33:36,002 - Do you include national security adviser? - Sure. 1727 01:33:36,862 --> 01:33:39,041 - The vice-president, you include? - Yes. 1728 01:33:39,651 --> 01:33:43,922 That was the inner team that... produced the thinking behind the war. 1729 01:33:44,235 --> 01:33:48,680 My misstake was probably not finding a way to get myself more involved in the planning process of things. 1730 01:33:48,692 --> 01:33:49,844 I see. 1731 01:33:50,352 --> 01:33:53,606 - So that the dissolution of the army wouldn't have been a surprise? - Right. 1732 01:33:53,626 --> 01:33:55,449 Well, and I could have raised hell about it. 1733 01:33:55,466 --> 01:33:58,835 They'd had my day in court, I may have lost, but I'd had my day in court. 1734 01:33:59,539 --> 01:34:02,100 The system ought to be participatory, 1735 01:34:02,102 --> 01:34:04,670 and ought to include people who were going to say... 1736 01:34:05,422 --> 01:34:07,273 "This makes no sense, mister president." 1737 01:34:07,274 --> 01:34:09,040 "This is a bad idea." 1738 01:34:09,133 --> 01:34:11,563 I don't think that kind of decision making process 1739 01:34:11,590 --> 01:34:14,000 existed in... the Bush administration. 1740 01:34:14,250 --> 01:34:16,757 I certainly didn't feel myself participating... 1741 01:34:16,805 --> 01:34:19,254 in such a decision making... process 1742 01:34:19,445 --> 01:34:21,906 The administration never asked for any... 1743 01:34:21,914 --> 01:34:25,454 estimator community assessments on Iraq, before we went to war. 1744 01:34:25,540 --> 01:34:29,635 Nobody... seemed to be... interested in what the community had to say? 1745 01:34:29,674 --> 01:34:31,897 I think it's more a matter that minds were made up... 1746 01:34:31,898 --> 01:34:34,151 the course was set. 1747 01:34:34,331 --> 01:34:35,768 Whatever... 1748 01:34:35,770 --> 01:34:38,298 analysys on these sorts of issues... 1749 01:34:38,305 --> 01:34:40,221 was to have been done... 1750 01:34:40,223 --> 01:34:43,225 the decision makers felt they already done it themselves. 1751 01:34:43,310 --> 01:34:45,211 Vice-president Cheney of course has made... 1752 01:34:45,212 --> 01:34:46,579 takes the same positions... 1753 01:34:46,580 --> 01:34:49,014 as secretary Rumsfeld, on the war. 1754 01:34:49,064 --> 01:34:50,814 Does he still have your complete confidence? 1755 01:34:50,838 --> 01:34:52,205 - Yes he does! 1756 01:34:52,385 --> 01:34:53,921 Campaign is over. Yes, he does! 1757 01:34:54,011 --> 01:34:56,882 - And he'll be here for the remaining term. - Yes he will! 1758 01:34:57,303 --> 01:35:00,538 There are nights when I don't sleep very well. 1759 01:35:01,163 --> 01:35:04,155 And I fault myself for not pushing the issue.. 1760 01:35:04,233 --> 01:35:06,999 That I think I should have gone, and kicked this door in and said... 1761 01:35:07,049 --> 01:35:08,483 "Damnit, listen!" 1762 01:35:08,733 --> 01:35:12,757 "This was a misstake." "We need to do something to rectify it." 1763 01:35:13,710 --> 01:35:16,475 But I never had the opportunity to do it.... 1764 01:35:16,811 --> 01:35:18,374 and trying to kick in a door... 1765 01:35:18,409 --> 01:35:21,845 you know with an ambassador, who's essentially the... 1766 01:35:21,913 --> 01:35:24,749 you know, the czar... of Iraq. 1767 01:35:24,865 --> 01:35:27,998 You know, for a colonel to try and do it just wasn't going to happen. 1768 01:35:28,038 --> 01:35:30,152 You couldn't get past the front door. 1769 01:35:30,239 --> 01:35:31,879 If my speaking out... 1770 01:35:31,902 --> 01:35:34,527 adds even inm... infinitesimally... 1771 01:35:34,722 --> 01:35:39,472 to...the criticism that counts, of this administration. 1772 01:35:39,596 --> 01:35:41,014 Then that's good. 1773 01:35:41,357 --> 01:35:44,521 I don't pretend to say that I'v... I'v been effective in that regard 1774 01:35:44,571 --> 01:35:47,943 but I...I just can't hold my peace any longer. 1775 01:35:48,174 --> 01:35:51,248 We will bring to the Iraqi people, food... 1776 01:35:51,745 --> 01:35:53,506 and medicines... 1777 01:35:53,639 --> 01:35:55,514 and supplies... 1778 01:35:56,053 --> 01:35:58,350 and freedom. 1779 01:36:17,031 --> 01:36:19,792 Look at what contentments! 1780 01:36:30,511 --> 01:36:33,811 And it just was Henny Penny the sky is falling. 1781 01:36:37,968 --> 01:36:39,811 General Garner and I are... 1782 01:36:39,851 --> 01:36:41,710 pledged to working very closely together 1783 01:36:41,728 --> 01:36:45,024 WE WANT OUR EMPLOYMENTS AND WAGES 1784 01:36:45,929 --> 01:36:50,860 There is a large number of former Iraqi soldiers that are unemployed now. 1785 01:36:55,075 --> 01:36:58,308 One was a "guerrilla war" another was "insurgency" 1786 01:36:58,331 --> 01:37:01,435 another was "unconventional war", 1787 01:37:04,584 --> 01:37:06,479 - Pardon me? - Impasse. 1788 01:37:08,188 --> 01:37:12,024 No. That's someone else's business, quagmire. 1789 01:37:12,025 --> 01:37:13,819 I don't do quagmires. 1790 01:37:17,782 --> 01:37:19,531 Come on, come on! 1791 01:37:19,637 --> 01:37:23,533 I'm listen. I'm listen to political... leaders. 1792 01:37:33,048 --> 01:37:35,815 - Stop! - Below, below, below. - Get Down! Get Down! 1793 01:37:36,699 --> 01:37:41,320 Some day in my life in the future, I got to look back to Iraq. 1794 01:37:41,321 --> 01:37:44,089 And got to see something done in there. 1795 01:37:44,090 --> 01:37:46,625 So I can look back and say... 1796 01:37:46,633 --> 01:37:48,347 I was part of this... 1797 01:37:48,414 --> 01:37:51,809 and that my suffering... and my lost... 1798 01:37:52,411 --> 01:37:54,708 have a...have a meaning. 1799 01:38:04,193 --> 01:38:07,646 If the situation gets better, I'm going to leave Iraq. 1800 01:38:09,062 --> 01:38:11,163 I will go leave Iraq, but now... 1801 01:38:11,243 --> 01:38:13,833 I'm a fighter, I'm in all my life. 1802 01:38:14,043 --> 01:38:15,956 I won't leave Iraq now. 1803 01:38:19,612 --> 01:38:22,127 From here we can't change anything because it's... 1804 01:38:22,244 --> 01:38:23,730 it's out of control now 1805 01:38:23,739 --> 01:38:28,596 I don't have... future plans for... being in Iraq. 1806 01:38:29,151 --> 01:38:34,672 I don't see the...bit of light in the...at the end of the tunnel yet. 1807 01:38:35,141 --> 01:38:36,414 This is what it is. 1808 01:38:36,416 --> 01:38:39,780 This is how we live it this is how we see it this is how we smell it 1809 01:38:39,802 --> 01:38:40,788 and feel it. 1810 01:38:40,847 --> 01:38:43,882 It's not a situation that... you can say "Let's try this". 1811 01:38:43,890 --> 01:38:47,210 "it will help". "Let's try this, it will help". No it's not! 1812 01:38:53,554 --> 01:38:56,757 And then you telling me that that's the best America can do? 1813 01:38:57,530 --> 01:38:58,749 Not. 1814 01:38:58,913 --> 01:39:02,725 Don't tell me that. Don't tell the... marines who fought... 1815 01:39:02,905 --> 01:39:04,593 for a month in Nayaf for that. 1816 01:39:04,647 --> 01:39:05,897 Don't tell the marines who... 1817 01:39:05,952 --> 01:39:07,780 who are still fighting every day in Faluya... 1818 01:39:07,811 --> 01:39:10,208 that that's the best America can do. 1819 01:39:12,151 --> 01:39:14,048 That makes me angry.