1 00:00:54,587 --> 00:00:57,454 These are their approximate locations. 2 00:00:57,590 --> 00:01:00,457 To each of them Russia has probably allocated 3 00:01:00,593 --> 00:01:04,427 a certain number of her intermediate-range nuclear missiles, 4 00:01:04,564 --> 00:01:05,895 which are at this moment 5 00:01:06,032 --> 00:01:10,128 pointing at military objectives in Western Europe. 6 00:01:10,737 --> 00:01:12,671 And to each of these locations, 7 00:01:12,772 --> 00:01:14,763 being those 25 key cities 8 00:01:14,908 --> 00:01:19,572 in which reside almost one third of the entire population of Britain, 9 00:01:19,712 --> 00:01:21,475 Russia has probably allocated 10 00:01:21,614 --> 00:01:26,051 a further unknown quantity of thermo-nuclear missiles. 11 00:01:27,120 --> 00:01:30,419 Each of these cities and each of these airfields 12 00:01:30,557 --> 00:01:32,616 combine to crowd into Britain 13 00:01:32,759 --> 00:01:36,627 more potential nuclear targets per acre of land mass 14 00:01:36,796 --> 00:01:39,458 than in any other country in the world. 15 00:01:42,602 --> 00:01:45,435 London, Friday the 16th of September. 16 00:01:45,738 --> 00:01:48,536 It's just been confirmed that late last night, 17 00:01:48,675 --> 00:01:50,768 to show collective Communist support 18 00:01:50,910 --> 00:01:53,470 for the Chinese invasion of South Vietnam, 19 00:01:53,613 --> 00:01:55,513 the Russian and East German authorities 20 00:01:55,648 --> 00:01:58,776 have sealed off all access to the city of Berlin 21 00:01:58,918 --> 00:02:00,078 and have stated their intention 22 00:02:00,220 --> 00:02:04,350 of occupying the western half of the city within 48 hours 23 00:02:04,491 --> 00:02:07,949 unless the Americans in Vietnam withdraw yesterday's decision 24 00:02:08,094 --> 00:02:12,428 to use tactical nuclear weapons against invading Chinese forces. 25 00:02:12,866 --> 00:02:13,924 Here in Britain, 26 00:02:14,134 --> 00:02:17,626 Her Majesty's Government has declared a state of national emergency 27 00:02:17,770 --> 00:02:20,933 to last the duration of the present crisis. 28 00:02:21,074 --> 00:02:25,807 As from 12 noon today, the central government will cease to function 29 00:02:25,979 --> 00:02:27,776 and the administration of the country 30 00:02:27,914 --> 00:02:31,372 will be handled by 15 regional commissioners. 31 00:02:31,518 --> 00:02:35,887 A network of emergency committees consisting of local councillors 32 00:02:36,055 --> 00:02:40,719 is being set up in every major town and county borough in the country. 33 00:02:40,894 --> 00:02:44,159 In view of the seriousness of the international situation, 34 00:02:44,297 --> 00:02:45,924 Her Majesty's Government has decided 35 00:02:46,065 --> 00:02:48,829 that the first task of these committees 36 00:02:48,968 --> 00:02:53,098 will be to implement the evacuation of a certain proportion of civilians 37 00:02:53,239 --> 00:02:56,868 to safer areas in Wales, the Lake District, 38 00:02:57,010 --> 00:02:59,171 pans of Northumberland, the Midlands, 39 00:02:59,312 --> 00:03:03,408 southwest England, Dorset, East Sussex and Kent. 40 00:03:03,683 --> 00:03:07,676 In accordance with the 1962 Government plan for evacuation, 41 00:03:07,820 --> 00:03:09,253 this dispersal is to apply 42 00:03:09,389 --> 00:03:13,018 only to certain specified classes of civilians. 43 00:03:13,493 --> 00:03:15,358 As from 0900 tomorrow, 44 00:03:15,495 --> 00:03:19,261 we are to receive a total quota of 60,000 evacuees 45 00:03:19,399 --> 00:03:21,924 in five priority classes. 46 00:03:22,035 --> 00:03:25,903 Class one: children under 15 travelling with mothers. 47 00:03:26,072 --> 00:03:29,337 Class two: schoolchildren under the age of 18. 48 00:03:29,475 --> 00:03:32,740 Class three: adolescents under the age of 18. 49 00:03:32,879 --> 00:03:35,177 Class four: expectant mothers. 50 00:03:35,315 --> 00:03:39,411 Class five: people who are blind, crippled, aged or infirm. 51 00:03:39,586 --> 00:03:42,919 - Are there any fathers? - No. No fathers. 52 00:03:45,258 --> 00:03:48,853 This woman is arriving from Bermondsey into Kent. 53 00:03:49,229 --> 00:03:52,255 She and the other women on this evacuation bus 54 00:03:52,398 --> 00:03:57,700 have had to leave their husbands and elder sons behind in London. 55 00:03:57,804 --> 00:04:00,637 According to the last published government plan, 56 00:04:00,773 --> 00:04:04,334 there is no provision made for granting the facilities of evacuation 57 00:04:04,477 --> 00:04:08,345 to able-bodied men over the age of 18. 58 00:04:08,748 --> 00:04:11,740 It is therefore even at this early point 59 00:04:11,918 --> 00:04:16,048 that an attempt at mass evacuation might fail, 60 00:04:16,189 --> 00:04:18,350 because it's not known how many women 61 00:04:18,458 --> 00:04:22,189 would refuse to leave their husband and their home 62 00:04:22,295 --> 00:04:26,095 to journey with restricted possessions to an unknown town, 63 00:04:26,232 --> 00:04:30,396 there to be compulsorily billeted with an unknown family. 64 00:04:34,741 --> 00:04:37,835 Prepare yourself tomorrow to receive 10 evacuees, 65 00:04:38,011 --> 00:04:40,138 arriving from the London area sometime tomorrow morning. 66 00:04:40,313 --> 00:04:42,941 - What am I going to feed them on? - It's up to you, madam. 67 00:04:43,149 --> 00:04:44,047 Are they coloured? 68 00:04:47,253 --> 00:04:51,587 Within a country where there is still a degree of racial and social prejudice, 69 00:04:51,758 --> 00:04:55,626 where there is still a shortage of housing and living space, 70 00:04:55,762 --> 00:04:58,925 a number of measures would almost certainly be necessary 71 00:04:59,065 --> 00:05:03,764 in attempting the evacuation of an estimated 10 million people. 72 00:05:05,305 --> 00:05:08,934 For this woman, the compulsory sheltering and feeding 73 00:05:09,042 --> 00:05:11,272 of an extra 8 people. 74 00:05:15,481 --> 00:05:18,006 For the family who have fled this house, 75 00:05:18,184 --> 00:05:20,812 the immediate requisition of their home. 76 00:05:23,256 --> 00:05:27,716 For this man, perhaps imprisonment if he refuses to billet. 77 00:05:27,860 --> 00:05:30,385 - 8 evacuees for you. - 8? I'm not having 8. 78 00:05:30,530 --> 00:05:31,827 Sorry, sir. You've got to take 8. 79 00:05:31,964 --> 00:05:34,558 I don't mind two. I haven't got enough food in there for 8. 80 00:05:34,701 --> 00:05:35,998 Don't argue. Don't argue. 81 00:05:36,102 --> 00:05:39,128 I remind you that, under the emergency regulations, 82 00:05:39,272 --> 00:05:42,730 with 4 rooms and a kitchen you can be forced to take 8 people. 83 00:05:42,875 --> 00:05:44,502 Bloody hell. 84 00:05:44,877 --> 00:05:46,538 Should Britain ever thus attempt 85 00:05:46,679 --> 00:05:51,082 the evacuation of nearly 20% of her entire population, 86 00:05:51,217 --> 00:05:55,278 such scenes as these would be almost inevitable. 87 00:05:57,223 --> 00:06:00,454 All citizens resident within this area 88 00:06:00,660 --> 00:06:04,756 are requested to proceed immediately to the municipal offices 89 00:06:04,931 --> 00:06:09,163 to collect emergency identification papers and ration cards. 90 00:06:09,268 --> 00:06:10,235 Name? 91 00:06:10,370 --> 00:06:13,339 Sue Wilkinson, 159 Thornton Avenue. 92 00:06:13,439 --> 00:06:18,138 Widow, children aged 19 and 21: non-supplementary ration card. 93 00:06:18,444 --> 00:06:21,777 This entitles you to a basic ration per week of two ounces of butter, 94 00:06:21,914 --> 00:06:23,472 a half a pound of margarine, 95 00:06:23,616 --> 00:06:25,481 two ounces of tea, a quarter-pound of sugar, 96 00:06:25,618 --> 00:06:28,018 two eggs, a half a pint of milk when available, 97 00:06:28,154 --> 00:06:30,247 a quarter-pound of meat, two loaves of bread, 98 00:06:30,390 --> 00:06:34,622 a pound of potatoes when available and two ounces of bacon. 99 00:06:34,761 --> 00:06:37,821 It has been estimated that, even if there were no war, 100 00:06:37,997 --> 00:06:42,764 Britain would need between 1% to 4 years to recover economically 101 00:06:42,902 --> 00:06:46,360 from the effects of full-scale civilian evacuation. 102 00:06:48,341 --> 00:06:50,502 And, if there were a war, 103 00:06:50,643 --> 00:06:55,671 at least 20% of even the areas into which people had been evacuated 104 00:06:55,848 --> 00:06:59,045 would themselves be rendered totally uninhabitable 105 00:06:59,185 --> 00:07:01,619 by the resulting radioactive fail-out. 106 00:07:06,659 --> 00:07:11,824 Carbon-H is one of the most dangerous elements of radioactive fall-out. 107 00:07:12,165 --> 00:07:14,690 Do you know what it does to the human body? 108 00:07:16,068 --> 00:07:17,535 I'm sorry. I haven't heard of it. 109 00:07:17,837 --> 00:07:21,432 I'm afraid I don't know much about atomic radiation at all. 110 00:07:21,674 --> 00:07:22,800 No, I don't. 111 00:07:23,543 --> 00:07:24,942 No, I'm sorry. I don't know. 112 00:07:36,222 --> 00:07:40,124 Do you know what strontium-Ml is and what it does? 113 00:07:45,398 --> 00:07:47,025 No. No, I'm afraid I don't. 114 00:07:47,900 --> 00:07:48,525 No, I don't. 115 00:07:48,668 --> 00:07:51,296 I've no idea really. 116 00:07:51,404 --> 00:07:55,807 I know it's some sort of gunpowder or something, that blows up. 117 00:07:59,445 --> 00:08:00,139 In Berlin 118 00:08:00,513 --> 00:08:05,780 with rioting West German civilians and armed East German police, 119 00:08:07,019 --> 00:08:08,987 there would probably be found 120 00:08:09,121 --> 00:08:11,453 the necessary flash point. 121 00:08:33,646 --> 00:08:35,170 Berlin? 122 00:08:36,148 --> 00:08:38,378 No. They've had all this before. 123 00:08:39,552 --> 00:08:40,712 I think it'll die down. 124 00:08:46,893 --> 00:08:48,656 I don't think there's anything to worry about. 125 00:08:52,465 --> 00:08:55,593 No, there won't be a war. I'm quite convinced of that. 126 00:08:56,335 --> 00:08:58,064 September the 17th. 127 00:08:58,271 --> 00:09:02,640 British Civil Defence deliver to the public for the first time 128 00:09:02,742 --> 00:09:06,940 details of the hazards to be expected from radioactive fall-out. 129 00:09:07,179 --> 00:09:10,342 Would you please read this booklet and carry out the instructions. 130 00:09:10,483 --> 00:09:11,643 But what is it? 131 00:09:11,717 --> 00:09:14,709 It's a Civil Defence booklet, "Your Protection Against Nuclear Attack". 132 00:09:14,854 --> 00:09:17,118 - But I... - Good morning, madam. 133 00:09:18,057 --> 00:09:19,547 Excuse me. 134 00:09:20,026 --> 00:09:21,186 What are you doing here exactly? 135 00:09:21,327 --> 00:09:24,626 We're issuing to as many householders as possible a copy of this booklet, 136 00:09:24,797 --> 00:09:27,698 which tells them how to prepare their houses against blast and fall-out. 137 00:09:27,833 --> 00:09:29,767 Have people not seen this booklet before? 138 00:09:29,902 --> 00:09:33,668 A copy was prepared some years ago but it didn't sell very well. 139 00:09:33,773 --> 00:09:36,936 - It wasn't... It wasn't free? - Oh, no. It cost ninepence. 140 00:09:39,245 --> 00:09:42,510 The siren system is now being tested. 141 00:09:42,615 --> 00:09:45,607 Tests will cease in a quarter of an hour. 142 00:09:45,918 --> 00:09:49,752 It's been estimated that, by the time an incoming missile attack 143 00:09:49,922 --> 00:09:53,824 could be confirmed to the British National Siren System, 144 00:09:53,993 --> 00:09:57,429 there would remain before impact a warning time 145 00:09:57,663 --> 00:10:01,724 of approximately 2% to 3 minutes. 146 00:10:02,468 --> 00:10:06,029 And should the attacking missiles be launched from submarines 147 00:10:06,205 --> 00:10:09,072 lying off the shores of Britain, 148 00:10:09,175 --> 00:10:12,303 the warning time could be less than 30 seconds. 149 00:10:13,179 --> 00:10:14,203 Move along, there. 150 00:10:14,380 --> 00:10:17,474 The Civil Defence report have said that we were going to get 151 00:10:17,617 --> 00:10:22,884 stuff to shore up our windows and barricade ourselves in with. 152 00:10:23,422 --> 00:10:25,356 They didn't tell us where to get it. 153 00:10:25,491 --> 00:10:29,120 I've been around three places already and all the stuffs gone. 154 00:10:29,562 --> 00:10:30,494 And the prices... 155 00:10:30,730 --> 00:10:33,062 My prices at the moment run as follows: 156 00:10:33,232 --> 00:10:36,360 hessian sacks for sandbags, 10 for £1; 157 00:10:36,502 --> 00:10:39,630 sand to put in them, 24 shillings per cubic yard; 158 00:10:39,739 --> 00:10:42,936 soil, £710s per 5 cubic yards; 159 00:10:43,109 --> 00:10:46,340 deal planks, 8d to a shilling per ft. 160 00:10:46,445 --> 00:10:50,745 How much money have you to spend on building your refuge? 161 00:10:51,417 --> 00:10:53,044 Well... 162 00:10:53,853 --> 00:10:59,086 Well, I can't afford more than 17/6 to £1 at the very most. 163 00:10:59,425 --> 00:11:00,687 For this amount of money, 164 00:11:00,826 --> 00:11:04,592 she may purchase 8 sandbags and 6 planks. 165 00:11:04,864 --> 00:11:06,798 A friend of mine's a building contractor 166 00:11:06,932 --> 00:11:09,298 and he's fixed me up with some stuff. 167 00:11:09,802 --> 00:11:13,067 I've got this out here which should help a bit 168 00:11:13,572 --> 00:11:15,199 and inside I've... 169 00:11:16,042 --> 00:11:18,738 I've built a refuge like they say. 170 00:11:19,311 --> 00:11:21,245 I reckon it should be pretty strong, 171 00:11:21,414 --> 00:11:23,041 hold up quite well. 172 00:11:23,616 --> 00:11:28,280 And I had a few sandbags left over so I built another out in the garden. 173 00:11:28,754 --> 00:11:31,917 It is likely that many thousands of families in Britain 174 00:11:32,058 --> 00:11:35,994 would be unable to meet the cost of even one substantial shelter 175 00:11:36,162 --> 00:11:39,757 and a Government shelter programme for every person in the country 176 00:11:39,899 --> 00:11:44,359 would cost an estimated two thousand million pounds. 177 00:11:45,071 --> 00:11:47,767 And I keep this here. 178 00:11:49,842 --> 00:11:52,072 And I certainly intend to use it 179 00:11:52,178 --> 00:11:54,646 if anyone attempts to break into the shelter with me. 180 00:11:54,880 --> 00:12:00,341 A recent American religious journal told its Christian readers 181 00:12:00,519 --> 00:12:04,114 to think twice before they rashly gave their family shelter space 182 00:12:04,290 --> 00:12:06,588 to neighbours or the passing stranger. 183 00:12:08,894 --> 00:12:10,452 September the 18th. 184 00:12:10,730 --> 00:12:13,494 One hour ago, following an armed entry into West Berlin 185 00:12:13,632 --> 00:12:15,623 by Russian and East German troops, 186 00:12:15,768 --> 00:12:20,535 two NATO armoured divisions attempted to force an entry through to the city 187 00:12:20,973 --> 00:12:24,704 and were themselves overrun by outnumbering Communist forces. 188 00:12:24,977 --> 00:12:26,410 Faced with this situation, 189 00:12:26,679 --> 00:12:30,115 it is possible that the American president would have no choice 190 00:12:30,282 --> 00:12:34,719 but to threaten to release tactical nuclear warheads to the forces of NATO 191 00:12:34,887 --> 00:12:37,219 to show collective determination 192 00:12:37,356 --> 00:12:40,189 in the event of a possible Russian attack. 193 00:12:40,359 --> 00:12:41,826 Faced with this situation, 194 00:12:41,961 --> 00:12:46,159 the Soviet premier would possibly be left with no alternative 195 00:12:46,298 --> 00:12:48,858 but to call this bluff and attack. 196 00:12:50,035 --> 00:12:52,196 The local area commander 197 00:12:52,338 --> 00:12:55,637 has authorised the release of tactical nuclear weapons 198 00:12:55,741 --> 00:12:58,403 to the British, French and Bundeswehr. 199 00:12:58,844 --> 00:13:02,575 15 crew up for a fast sequence of firing. 200 00:13:04,416 --> 00:13:07,214 This is a tactical nuclear missile. 201 00:13:07,386 --> 00:13:11,288 It has a warhead equivalent to one Hiroshima bomb. 202 00:13:11,490 --> 00:13:13,822 It is called an Honest John. 203 00:13:13,959 --> 00:13:16,393 The Honest John, the Mace, the Corporal, 204 00:13:16,562 --> 00:13:18,154 the Pershing, the Sergeant. 205 00:13:18,297 --> 00:13:19,662 And if things don't get better soon 206 00:13:19,799 --> 00:13:23,166 all these weapons are going to be slamming away nuclear warheads 207 00:13:23,302 --> 00:13:24,792 and then God help us all! 208 00:13:26,038 --> 00:13:30,805 It is now planned to increase NATO reliability on nuclear missiles, 209 00:13:31,076 --> 00:13:34,603 even should the Russians attack using ordinary weapons. 210 00:13:35,014 --> 00:13:38,575 Thus it is possible for the Allies to be the first to press the button 211 00:13:39,451 --> 00:13:40,816 in a nuclear war. 212 00:13:46,392 --> 00:13:48,986 - Did you know this? - No, I did not. 213 00:13:49,228 --> 00:13:50,695 I was vaguely aware of it. 214 00:13:50,796 --> 00:13:52,991 Yes, I did know and I think it's disgraceful. 215 00:13:53,199 --> 00:13:54,826 No, I didn't know this at all. 216 00:13:55,034 --> 00:13:56,592 No. I should think it'd be a good thing. 217 00:14:14,854 --> 00:14:16,754 David Edward Thornley. 218 00:14:16,889 --> 00:14:18,413 Age 37. 219 00:14:19,058 --> 00:14:21,424 General practitioner in medicine, 220 00:14:21,560 --> 00:14:25,587 now on the staff of one of a series of emergency medical-aid units 221 00:14:25,764 --> 00:14:29,427 being established in preparation for a nuclear strike. 222 00:14:29,568 --> 00:14:32,162 Time 9: 1' 1' am. 223 00:14:32,271 --> 00:14:34,432 September the 18th. 224 00:14:34,673 --> 00:14:38,131 Dr Thornley stops to make an emergency call. 225 00:14:38,310 --> 00:14:40,801 Berwick Street, Canterbury, 226 00:14:41,080 --> 00:14:45,312 12 miles from the airfield at Mansion on the Kent coast. 227 00:14:52,858 --> 00:14:54,189 - Good morning, Doctor. - Morning! 228 00:14:54,326 --> 00:14:55,918 - Come in, please. - What's the trouble today? 229 00:14:56,028 --> 00:14:57,928 She's been running a temperature all night. 230 00:14:58,097 --> 00:15:02,261 Of the 750 intermediate-range ballistic missiles 231 00:15:02,434 --> 00:15:04,334 at present held by the Russians 232 00:15:04,470 --> 00:15:08,236 and targeted on the European countries of the NATO alliance, 233 00:15:08,374 --> 00:15:12,140 it is believed that a considerable number are liquid-fuelled 234 00:15:12,278 --> 00:15:14,872 and are stored above ground. 235 00:15:15,281 --> 00:15:20,082 Such missiles are therefore themselves extremely vulnerable 236 00:15:20,185 --> 00:15:24,451 and, rather than risk losing them in a counter-bombardment, 237 00:15:24,590 --> 00:15:27,957 it is likely that the Russians would have no alternative 238 00:15:28,093 --> 00:15:33,224 but to fire all of them at a very early stage in such a crisis. 239 00:15:35,200 --> 00:15:37,600 Time 9:13 am. 240 00:15:46,345 --> 00:15:49,007 Quick, let's get back! There's no time! 241 00:15:49,848 --> 00:15:52,715 Hurry up inside the house! Quickly! 242 00:15:52,851 --> 00:15:55,786 Move! Come on, come on! Quick, quick! 243 00:15:56,088 --> 00:15:59,819 This family couldn't afford to build themselves a refuge. 244 00:15:59,925 --> 00:16:04,555 This could be the way the last two minutes of peace in Britain would look. 245 00:16:04,663 --> 00:16:07,996 Stay away from the windows! Get all the children! 246 00:16:09,101 --> 00:16:11,296 Peter! Tony! Tony! 247 00:16:12,171 --> 00:16:15,607 Where is he? Where is he? Think! Where is he? 248 00:16:16,308 --> 00:16:20,301 Nurse, quick. There's a boy outside. Go and fetch him as quickly as you can. 249 00:16:20,446 --> 00:16:22,073 9:16 am. 250 00:16:22,214 --> 00:16:26,446 A single megaton nuclear missile overshoots Mansion airfield in Kent 251 00:16:26,618 --> 00:16:29,951 and airbursts 6 miles from this position. 252 00:16:36,395 --> 00:16:37,692 At this distance, 253 00:16:37,830 --> 00:16:41,891 the heatwave is sufficient to cause melting of the upturned eyeball, 254 00:16:42,134 --> 00:16:45,365 third-degree burning of the skin and ignition of furniture. 255 00:16:52,111 --> 00:16:55,569 12 seconds later, the shock from arrives. 256 00:17:22,408 --> 00:17:26,071 At 7/10ths of a millisecond after the explosion, 257 00:17:26,211 --> 00:17:28,611 and at a distance of 60 miles, 258 00:17:28,747 --> 00:17:33,116 the light from the fireball of a single megaton thermo-nuclear device 259 00:17:33,252 --> 00:17:36,688 is 30 times brighter than the midday sun. 260 00:17:37,222 --> 00:17:40,623 This little boy has received severe retinal burns 261 00:17:40,793 --> 00:17:43,762 from an explosion 27 miles away. 262 00:17:43,896 --> 00:17:45,056 Give him to me! 263 00:17:46,065 --> 00:17:47,726 What's the matter? 264 00:17:50,602 --> 00:17:54,971 This house lies 29 miles from Mansion airfield 265 00:17:55,107 --> 00:17:59,100 and 41 miles from Gatwick Airport in Sussex. 266 00:18:05,484 --> 00:18:06,576 Under the table. 267 00:18:06,752 --> 00:18:08,652 Under the table! 268 00:18:11,490 --> 00:18:14,653 The blast wave from a thermo-nuclear explosion 269 00:18:14,793 --> 00:18:19,594 has been likened to an enormous door slamming in the depths of hell. 270 00:18:58,637 --> 00:19:01,299 This is the combined shock from 271 00:19:01,440 --> 00:19:05,240 from one dispersal airfield 40 miles away. 272 00:19:11,617 --> 00:19:15,519 There are in Britain at least 60 such targets. 273 00:19:21,493 --> 00:19:23,393 Rochester in Kent, 274 00:19:23,629 --> 00:19:26,120 now two square miles of fire, 275 00:19:26,231 --> 00:19:28,529 resulting from the heat of a thermo-nuclear missile, 276 00:19:28,667 --> 00:19:33,161 which has exploded off-course on its path to London Airport. 277 00:19:35,741 --> 00:19:39,370 This is the phenomenon which could perhaps happen in Britain 278 00:19:39,545 --> 00:19:42,446 following a nuclear strike against certain of our cities. 279 00:19:43,415 --> 00:19:46,043 This happened after the bombing of Hamburg, 280 00:19:46,218 --> 00:19:49,710 at Dresden, at Tokyo and at Hiroshima. 281 00:19:49,888 --> 00:19:54,086 This is what is technically known as a firestorm. 282 00:20:06,471 --> 00:20:09,998 Within its centre, the rising heat from multiple fires, 283 00:20:10,142 --> 00:20:11,973 caused by both the heat flash 284 00:20:12,110 --> 00:20:15,375 and the blast wave upsetting stoves and open furnaces, 285 00:20:15,547 --> 00:20:17,674 is sucking in ground-level winds 286 00:20:17,816 --> 00:20:22,219 at speeds exceeding 100 miles an hour. 287 00:20:22,788 --> 00:20:25,382 This is the wind of a firestorm. 288 00:20:43,775 --> 00:20:45,640 I saw a man... 289 00:20:47,112 --> 00:20:50,809 get caught by a great gust of wind! 290 00:20:52,184 --> 00:20:55,278 It pulled his jacket right over his head! 291 00:21:24,182 --> 00:21:28,949 I believe that we live in a system of necessary law and order 292 00:21:31,857 --> 00:21:36,294 and I still believe in the war of the just. 293 00:21:38,864 --> 00:21:42,561 Within this car, a family is burning alive. 294 00:21:50,776 --> 00:21:53,836 Charles Brooks, chief fire officer of Chatham. 295 00:21:54,012 --> 00:21:56,913 Already three of his appliances have been smashed, 296 00:21:57,149 --> 00:21:58,946 gutted or overturned. 297 00:21:59,284 --> 00:22:04,551 "Already 17 of his 60 firemen have been crushed, burnt or killed 298 00:22:04,690 --> 00:22:06,351 by flying debris. 299 00:22:11,363 --> 00:22:13,388 This is a firestorm. 300 00:22:13,965 --> 00:22:14,954 Within its centre, 301 00:22:15,100 --> 00:22:19,867 the oxygen is being consumed in every cellar and every ground-floor room, 302 00:22:20,005 --> 00:22:24,965 to be replaced by the gases of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and methane. 303 00:22:25,711 --> 00:22:31,206 Within its centre, the temperature is rising to 800 degrees centigrade. 304 00:22:31,383 --> 00:22:33,943 These men are dying 305 00:22:34,086 --> 00:22:36,748 both of heatstroke and of gassing. 306 00:22:43,428 --> 00:22:47,330 In the next world war, I believe that both sides could stop before 307 00:22:47,532 --> 00:22:49,659 the ultimate destruction of cities 308 00:22:49,835 --> 00:22:51,700 so that both sides could retire 309 00:22:51,803 --> 00:22:55,671 for a period of ten years or so of post-attack recuperation, 310 00:22:55,841 --> 00:22:59,470 in which World Wars 4 to 8 could be prepared. 311 00:23:03,515 --> 00:23:07,281 When the carbon dioxide content of inhaled air 312 00:23:07,419 --> 00:23:09,785 is greater than 30%, 313 00:23:09,921 --> 00:23:13,482 it will cause diminished respiration, 314 00:23:14,126 --> 00:23:16,094 fall of blood pressure, 315 00:23:16,561 --> 00:23:17,619 coma, 316 00:23:18,130 --> 00:23:19,859 loss of reflexes 317 00:23:20,499 --> 00:23:22,933 and anaesthesia. 318 00:23:24,102 --> 00:23:31,838 When the carbon monoxide content of inhaled air exceeds 1.28%, 319 00:23:32,310 --> 00:23:35,143 it will be followed by death 320 00:23:35,814 --> 00:23:37,714 within three minutes. 321 00:23:38,350 --> 00:23:40,784 This is nuclear war. 322 00:24:13,552 --> 00:24:15,042 10:47. 323 00:24:15,487 --> 00:24:20,288 Aircraft of the British V-bomber force near the Russian border. 324 00:24:20,392 --> 00:24:22,986 Their purpose, retaliation. 325 00:24:23,361 --> 00:24:27,161 Their target, people like this. 326 00:24:28,967 --> 00:24:33,427 If the Russians or anyone else attacked Britain with nuclear weapons, 327 00:24:33,572 --> 00:24:35,199 would you want us to retaliate 328 00:24:35,340 --> 00:24:38,639 by destroying an equal number of Russian cities? 329 00:24:39,144 --> 00:24:41,009 Yes. Yes, I would. Yes. 330 00:24:41,279 --> 00:24:45,010 It's just a vicious circle but I suppose we should have to retaliate. 331 00:24:45,417 --> 00:24:49,911 People think the British are always sort of forgiving and forgetting 332 00:24:50,155 --> 00:24:52,453 and I think we'd have to retaliate. 333 00:25:09,074 --> 00:25:15,070 I wouldn't want us to stand back and do nothing about it but... 334 00:25:18,350 --> 00:25:21,342 Yes, I think perhaps... perhaps I would. 335 00:25:21,553 --> 00:25:23,487 Oh, yes, I think so, definitely. 336 00:25:23,688 --> 00:25:25,315 Yes, I suppose I would. 337 00:25:36,268 --> 00:25:38,759 Technically and intellectually, 338 00:25:39,137 --> 00:25:42,334 we are living in an atomic age. 339 00:25:42,541 --> 00:25:47,103 Emotionally, we are still living in the Stone Age. 340 00:25:47,345 --> 00:25:53,011 The Aztecs on their feast days would sacrifice 20,000 men to their gods 341 00:25:53,251 --> 00:25:57,449 in the belief that this would keep the universe on its proper course. 342 00:25:57,656 --> 00:26:00,022 We feel superior to them. 343 00:26:03,562 --> 00:26:07,191 These are the inhabitants of what was once 344 00:26:07,399 --> 00:26:11,335 a housing estate near Rochester in Kent. 345 00:26:11,703 --> 00:26:15,195 Following the explosion of three single megaton missiles 346 00:26:15,473 --> 00:26:17,998 within this one county boundary, 347 00:26:18,209 --> 00:26:21,474 it's been estimated that each surviving doctor 348 00:26:21,713 --> 00:26:26,412 would be faced by at least 350 casualties, 349 00:26:26,751 --> 00:26:31,211 many suffering from severe second and third degree burns. 350 00:26:32,290 --> 00:26:34,724 I had a little boy with me. 351 00:26:36,194 --> 00:26:38,628 He had his legs burned off. 352 00:26:46,371 --> 00:26:47,838 Some... 353 00:26:49,941 --> 00:26:51,738 Some of the... 354 00:26:52,677 --> 00:26:56,010 Some of these people are just falling apart. 355 00:26:57,115 --> 00:27:01,211 As far as is known, it is at present planned by the Civil Defence 356 00:27:01,419 --> 00:27:04,980 that each doctor, working in a forward medical-aid unit, 357 00:27:05,190 --> 00:27:10,150 place every casualty into one of three carefully defined categories 358 00:27:10,362 --> 00:27:15,732 to determine whether or not that casualty is worth hospital treatment. 359 00:27:16,267 --> 00:27:18,565 It's the third category that are worst. 360 00:27:18,703 --> 00:27:20,500 For these... 361 00:27:20,972 --> 00:27:23,634 it's just hopeless. 362 00:27:24,109 --> 00:27:26,577 So we put them into what we call the holding section. 363 00:27:27,212 --> 00:27:31,308 These are people with 50% or more body burns. 364 00:27:31,916 --> 00:27:36,353 This doctor knows that each patient he places in the holding section 365 00:27:36,521 --> 00:27:40,048 will be left to die in pain without drugs. 366 00:27:41,893 --> 00:27:45,158 I know what'll be happening in a few days. 367 00:27:47,565 --> 00:27:49,556 They'll be... 368 00:27:50,101 --> 00:27:52,365 They'll be asking me to kill them. 369 00:27:53,571 --> 00:27:58,201 What you are seeing now is another possible part of nuclear war, 370 00:27:58,410 --> 00:28:01,971 an armed police squad helping the overburdened doctors 371 00:28:02,180 --> 00:28:06,139 to relieve the misery of those in category three. 372 00:28:24,069 --> 00:28:29,701 If I decide to hit and perhaps kill another man myself, 373 00:28:30,008 --> 00:28:34,638 then I must be prepared to accept the moral responsibility. 374 00:28:35,513 --> 00:28:38,812 If I give the Government the right or the means 375 00:28:38,983 --> 00:28:40,951 on my behalf 376 00:28:41,119 --> 00:28:44,486 to kill people of another country, 377 00:28:44,656 --> 00:28:46,954 then the situation is no different. 378 00:28:47,225 --> 00:28:51,855 I must again myself accept the moral responsibility. 379 00:28:53,598 --> 00:28:56,499 It's been estimated that a nuclear attack on Britain, 380 00:28:56,668 --> 00:29:00,661 using approximately 160 single megaton missiles, 381 00:29:00,905 --> 00:29:03,169 would immediately kill or seriously wound 382 00:29:03,341 --> 00:29:07,675 between one third and one half of her entire population. 383 00:29:07,846 --> 00:29:10,542 It would destroy from 50% to 80% 384 00:29:10,682 --> 00:29:14,118 of all her main food production and storage facilities 385 00:29:14,285 --> 00:29:19,086 and from 50% to 80% of the power plants needed to run them. 386 00:29:19,257 --> 00:29:22,488 Such an attack, using weapons of one megaton, 387 00:29:22,660 --> 00:29:24,321 could be described as minimal 388 00:29:24,496 --> 00:29:26,487 because it's now more than possible 389 00:29:26,664 --> 00:29:29,724 that missile warheads or free-falling bombs 390 00:29:29,901 --> 00:29:34,600 of between 5 to 10 times that power would be used instead. 391 00:29:39,310 --> 00:29:44,907 I think extra numbers would have made no difference at all to all this. 392 00:29:46,084 --> 00:29:50,077 15 or 20 times the number of Civil Defence 393 00:29:50,355 --> 00:29:53,916 wouldn't have stopped the initial attack from killing or maiming 394 00:29:54,025 --> 00:29:56,357 exactly the same number of people. 395 00:29:56,494 --> 00:29:58,826 It was the title they had all wrong. 396 00:29:59,030 --> 00:30:00,258 Call this defence? 397 00:30:02,801 --> 00:30:07,067 These will be the other casualties of a nuclear war. 398 00:30:07,972 --> 00:30:09,735 Physically unmarked, 399 00:30:09,908 --> 00:30:12,536 there will almost inevitably be thousands of people 400 00:30:12,710 --> 00:30:17,238 suffering from many complex states of fear and shock, 401 00:30:17,382 --> 00:30:19,748 due to the things they've seen 402 00:30:19,918 --> 00:30:22,716 and the things that have happened to them. 403 00:30:23,888 --> 00:30:25,515 Many of these people 404 00:30:25,690 --> 00:30:30,093 will probably lapse into a state of permanent neurosis 405 00:30:30,295 --> 00:30:32,923 because they will totally outnumber 406 00:30:33,097 --> 00:30:36,863 the psychiatric services needed to cure them. 407 00:30:37,235 --> 00:30:42,537 This, too, will be the legacy of thermo-nuclear war. 408 00:30:48,246 --> 00:30:52,376 I've already had a dozen or so of my men go under 409 00:30:53,418 --> 00:30:55,943 just with the strain... 410 00:30:57,155 --> 00:30:58,645 overwork. 411 00:30:59,824 --> 00:31:03,385 People tend to forget that a policeman, 412 00:31:03,761 --> 00:31:06,025 a Civil Defence worker, 413 00:31:06,564 --> 00:31:08,998 anybody like this... 414 00:31:10,235 --> 00:31:12,430 is just a normal human being, 415 00:31:12,804 --> 00:31:18,242 with normal human reactions and emotions. 416 00:31:20,345 --> 00:31:24,441 This policeman has spent the entire rescue period 417 00:31:24,716 --> 00:31:27,048 searching for his missing family. 418 00:31:33,791 --> 00:31:36,021 No one's allowed in here. 419 00:31:36,761 --> 00:31:38,956 Go on. Clear off. 420 00:31:40,531 --> 00:31:43,056 Even in the lightly hi! County of Kent, 421 00:31:43,201 --> 00:31:48,662 there would be immediately an estimated 50,000 corpses to dispose of. 422 00:31:50,208 --> 00:31:53,507 Will you tell us what's going on in there? 423 00:31:53,711 --> 00:31:55,508 They're not allowing any photographers in there. 424 00:31:55,647 --> 00:31:58,309 Yes, I know but just a minute. 425 00:31:58,416 --> 00:32:02,079 Will you tell us what they're doing in there, please? 426 00:32:02,186 --> 00:32:04,848 They're simply burning the bodies. 427 00:32:05,256 --> 00:32:08,953 The buildings are full of them. There's just too many to bury. 428 00:32:11,696 --> 00:32:14,665 The buildings are full 429 00:32:14,966 --> 00:32:19,062 so all we can do do is put them on to raised steel girders 430 00:32:19,504 --> 00:32:21,734 and put a fire underneath. 431 00:32:21,940 --> 00:32:23,931 It's just like making a grill. 432 00:32:28,179 --> 00:32:29,806 Two days after the attack, 433 00:32:29,948 --> 00:32:33,907 the military authorities, to stop the possible spreading of disease, 434 00:32:34,052 --> 00:32:39,046 seal off two square miles of the damaged area that had been Rochester 435 00:32:39,190 --> 00:32:44,025 and arm the surviving police, determined to prevent by force if necessary 436 00:32:44,162 --> 00:32:48,292 relatives of the dead removing bodies before the process of burning. 437 00:32:50,535 --> 00:32:53,470 We were doing the job, 438 00:32:53,771 --> 00:32:56,035 burning the bodies, 439 00:32:56,274 --> 00:33:00,301 when two of the soldiers said they weren't going to do it any more. 440 00:33:01,145 --> 00:33:04,080 One of their officers came up and told them to get on with it 441 00:33:04,215 --> 00:33:06,513 and they said no again. 442 00:33:06,718 --> 00:33:08,686 So he shot them both on the spot. 443 00:33:10,321 --> 00:33:12,812 Everything that you are now seeing 444 00:33:12,924 --> 00:33:17,156 happened in Germany after the heavy bombing in the last war. 445 00:33:17,762 --> 00:33:20,822 It would almost certainly have to happen in Britain 446 00:33:21,099 --> 00:33:23,329 after a nuclear war. 447 00:33:23,901 --> 00:33:28,838 Another thing the Germans did after the bombing on Dresden 448 00:33:29,207 --> 00:33:34,509 was they took the wedding rings from the bodies. 449 00:33:35,947 --> 00:33:41,351 They were trying to identify them from the inscription inside the ring. 450 00:33:42,153 --> 00:33:44,917 We also are doing this. 451 00:33:46,424 --> 00:33:50,190 We are keeping the rings in this bucket here. 452 00:33:54,098 --> 00:33:58,364 This is a possible part of nuclear war. 453 00:34:02,006 --> 00:34:04,133 For the following 48 hours, 454 00:34:04,275 --> 00:34:08,473 an estimated one third of the entire land surface of Britain 455 00:34:08,613 --> 00:34:11,309 would be covered by a total dose of radiation 456 00:34:11,449 --> 00:34:16,352 exceeding 10 times the amount needed to kill a man in the open. 457 00:34:17,488 --> 00:34:19,285 For many of those within this area 458 00:34:19,424 --> 00:34:23,360 who had remained even inside the shelter of their homes, 459 00:34:23,494 --> 00:34:26,759 there would be death within five weeks. 460 00:34:27,131 --> 00:34:31,625 I know a thing or two about leukaemia and suchlike. 461 00:34:33,971 --> 00:34:36,462 I deliberately haven't spoken to my wife about this 462 00:34:36,607 --> 00:34:38,939 in the last couple of days. 463 00:34:39,077 --> 00:34:41,045 You know, I'm... 464 00:34:41,446 --> 00:34:43,277 I'm so scared. 465 00:34:44,849 --> 00:34:48,478 I just want my kids to grow up, that's all. 466 00:34:50,788 --> 00:34:53,780 I don't know what's going to be left of anything. 467 00:34:54,625 --> 00:34:56,616 I can't change that now. 468 00:35:00,131 --> 00:35:02,599 I suppose I'm just being selfish. 469 00:35:04,135 --> 00:35:06,433 I just want my kids to be straight 470 00:35:06,671 --> 00:35:09,868 and not to have this poison working in their bones. 471 00:35:25,456 --> 00:35:30,052 The main effect of exposure to severe radiation 472 00:35:30,461 --> 00:35:36,457 is to stop the renewal of the cellular lining of your intestine, 473 00:35:37,401 --> 00:35:41,269 with the result that your body fluids flow straight out 474 00:35:41,739 --> 00:35:44,640 from the raw inside of your intestine 475 00:35:45,376 --> 00:35:48,607 and you literally dry out. 476 00:36:41,299 --> 00:36:42,823 This is the menu of a meal 477 00:36:42,900 --> 00:36:46,131 prepared by the welfare section of the Civil Defence Corps 478 00:36:46,304 --> 00:36:50,900 during an exercise supposed to take place after a thermo-nuclear attack. 479 00:36:51,842 --> 00:36:54,367 "Braised steak, carrots, sprouts," 480 00:36:54,512 --> 00:36:56,241 roast and mashed potatoes, 481 00:36:56,414 --> 00:36:59,906 "steamed pudding, apple pie and custard." 482 00:37:05,790 --> 00:37:07,951 After a nuclear attack on the United States, 483 00:37:08,092 --> 00:37:10,959 would Americans live as they're accustomed to, 484 00:37:11,095 --> 00:37:15,532 with automobiles, ranch houses, television, freezers and so on? 485 00:37:15,666 --> 00:37:17,531 No-one can say. 486 00:37:17,668 --> 00:37:22,935 We've got a bathful of water that hasn't been changed now for 5 days. 487 00:37:23,207 --> 00:37:25,698 It's all the water we've got. 488 00:37:25,910 --> 00:37:28,242 We have to drink from it 489 00:37:28,479 --> 00:37:30,811 and have to cook with it 490 00:37:31,015 --> 00:37:32,505 and wash with it. 491 00:37:33,884 --> 00:37:36,512 At Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 492 00:37:37,054 --> 00:37:38,885 the population 3 months later 493 00:37:39,724 --> 00:37:43,956 was found to be apathetic and profoundly lethargic, 494 00:37:44,262 --> 00:37:46,355 people living often in their own filth, 495 00:37:47,431 --> 00:37:48,898 in total dejection 496 00:37:49,367 --> 00:37:50,834 and inertia. 497 00:38:01,879 --> 00:38:05,679 This baby boy has been bitten on the arm by a rat. 498 00:38:06,050 --> 00:38:10,350 There are now no medicines or drugs available to prevent the disease 499 00:38:10,855 --> 00:38:12,447 which may well follow. 500 00:38:13,791 --> 00:38:17,249 I was carrying a loaf of bread home today 501 00:38:17,461 --> 00:38:20,988 from my mother who had given it to me, 502 00:38:21,899 --> 00:38:25,596 when a guy comes up and offers me a pound for it. 503 00:38:27,705 --> 00:38:29,866 Well, what could I say? 504 00:38:30,941 --> 00:38:32,932 You can't eat a pound note. 505 00:38:37,615 --> 00:38:40,914 In the face of growing hunger riots, it is very possible 506 00:38:41,085 --> 00:38:46,148 that dwindling supplies of food would finally be kept as a form of bonus, 507 00:38:46,290 --> 00:38:50,818 for those who perform the precarious maintenance of law and order. 508 00:38:51,028 --> 00:38:52,620 The result of such partial feeding 509 00:38:52,763 --> 00:38:55,163 would in itself be almost inevitable. 510 00:39:04,608 --> 00:39:09,602 On this day, the first food rioter is killed by the police in Kent. 511 00:39:16,087 --> 00:39:18,555 Tell them to go back. 512 00:39:18,656 --> 00:39:19,953 One in the air. 513 00:39:24,762 --> 00:39:26,059 Two days later, 514 00:39:26,197 --> 00:39:28,062 as a direct result of this incident, 515 00:39:28,199 --> 00:39:32,135 a police ammunition truck and its contents are seized 516 00:39:32,269 --> 00:39:34,931 and its volunteer drivers murdered. 517 00:39:38,476 --> 00:39:40,671 String him up! 518 00:39:58,729 --> 00:40:01,960 In Germany during the last war, it was noticed that, 519 00:40:02,099 --> 00:40:05,557 with people who'd suffered personal loss or deprivation, 520 00:40:05,703 --> 00:40:09,070 even amongst the so-called decent middle class, 521 00:40:09,206 --> 00:40:13,404 there was a tendency to develop indifference towards the law 522 00:40:13,544 --> 00:40:16,570 and to indulge in looting, black market and petty theft. 523 00:40:18,482 --> 00:40:21,918 This is a Government Food Control Centre, 524 00:40:22,052 --> 00:40:26,580 seized and pilfered by armed anti-authority elements. 525 00:40:26,724 --> 00:40:30,558 This is Mrs Joyce Fisher from Gravesend. 526 00:40:30,661 --> 00:40:32,390 She was a housewife. 527 00:40:32,663 --> 00:40:34,597 Three yards from her, 528 00:40:34,732 --> 00:40:37,132 the bodies of the military guard. 529 00:40:40,671 --> 00:40:45,199 When morale falls, ideals fall and may go 530 00:40:45,309 --> 00:40:49,473 and behaviour becomes more primitive, more a thing of instinct. 531 00:40:50,648 --> 00:40:55,312 Three clays later, the first policemen in Kent are killed. 532 00:41:03,761 --> 00:41:06,127 Within the next 15 years, 533 00:41:06,263 --> 00:41:11,860 possibly another 12 countries will have acquired thermo-nuclear weapons. 534 00:41:11,969 --> 00:41:13,300 For this reason, 535 00:41:13,437 --> 00:41:18,374 if not through accident or the impulses of man himself, 536 00:41:18,809 --> 00:41:21,039 it is now more than possible 537 00:41:21,178 --> 00:41:24,011 that what you have seen happen in this film 538 00:41:24,148 --> 00:41:28,676 will have taken place before the year 1980. 539 00:41:29,720 --> 00:41:31,449 On the authority of the regional commissioner, 540 00:41:31,589 --> 00:41:34,922 under article 17, dealing with civil disturbances 541 00:41:35,059 --> 00:41:39,086 and the prevention of Crown-appointed officers from carrying out their duty, 542 00:41:39,230 --> 00:41:42,324 John Edward Jarrett and William Michael Eades 543 00:41:42,466 --> 00:41:45,162 are hereby sentenced to death by firing squad. 544 00:41:46,237 --> 00:41:48,432 May God have mercy on their souls. 545 00:41:48,873 --> 00:41:50,067 Kneel. 546 00:41:50,541 --> 00:41:53,305 We will say the Lord's Prayer together. 547 00:41:58,716 --> 00:42:01,480 Our Father which art in heaven, 548 00:42:01,719 --> 00:42:04,051 Hallowed be thy name. 549 00:42:04,221 --> 00:42:05,848 Thy kingdom come. 550 00:42:05,990 --> 00:42:08,015 Thy will be done on earth, 551 00:42:08,192 --> 00:42:10,319 as it is in heaven. 552 00:42:10,494 --> 00:42:13,793 Give us this day our daily bread. 553 00:42:13,964 --> 00:42:16,398 And forgive us our trespasses, 554 00:42:16,534 --> 00:42:19,799 as we forgive them that trespass against us. 555 00:42:20,971 --> 00:42:23,064 And lead us not into temptation, 556 00:42:23,207 --> 00:42:25,198 but deliver us from evil. 557 00:42:26,377 --> 00:42:27,776 Amen. 558 00:42:33,884 --> 00:42:38,048 Father, have mercy upon their souls, 559 00:42:38,255 --> 00:42:40,746 for they know not what they do. 560 00:42:41,392 --> 00:42:42,620 Take aim. 561 00:42:44,862 --> 00:42:46,124 Fire. 562 00:42:52,069 --> 00:42:57,974 For those who haven't had access to orange juice, fresh vegetables, 563 00:42:58,108 --> 00:43:02,169 vitamin C in general, and that'll be most people, 564 00:43:02,313 --> 00:43:07,808 haemorrhages around the gums will set in at about the 4 month stage 565 00:43:07,952 --> 00:43:11,319 and then you're into the initial stages of scurvy, 566 00:43:11,422 --> 00:43:13,549 with swelling of the ankles 567 00:43:13,691 --> 00:43:16,524 and bleeding into the joints of your body. 568 00:43:26,036 --> 00:43:28,402 December the 25th. 569 00:43:28,539 --> 00:43:31,940 A refugee compound in Dover, Kent, 570 00:43:32,076 --> 00:43:35,045 four months after the attack. 571 00:43:46,690 --> 00:43:50,285 Due to radiation, this little boy has only half 572 00:43:50,427 --> 00:43:53,487 the requisite number of red blood corpuscles. 573 00:43:53,697 --> 00:43:56,222 He will be bedridden for seven years. 574 00:43:56,333 --> 00:43:57,857 Then he will die. 575 00:43:58,202 --> 00:44:01,035 This happened at Hiroshima. 576 00:44:01,705 --> 00:44:03,730 This girl is pregnant. 577 00:44:03,974 --> 00:44:07,068 Because of her constant exposure to radiation, 578 00:44:07,211 --> 00:44:11,705 she has no idea whether or not her baby will be born alive. 579 00:44:22,926 --> 00:44:27,158 The thing that terrifies me most is the little ones. 580 00:44:28,932 --> 00:44:33,631 If they've suffered badly from the effects of... 581 00:44:33,771 --> 00:44:38,799 of the sight of this horror and destruction, 582 00:44:39,977 --> 00:44:43,572 it is probable that as a consequence 583 00:44:43,714 --> 00:44:50,517 some of them may suffer terrible character disorders. 584 00:44:54,224 --> 00:44:56,385 One just doesn't know. 585 00:44:57,561 --> 00:45:02,897 I saw one of the little boys in the compound here yesterday. 586 00:45:04,134 --> 00:45:07,035 He was bouncing around, 587 00:45:07,171 --> 00:45:10,163 playing hopscotch I think, 588 00:45:10,307 --> 00:45:13,071 and suddenly he sat down 589 00:45:14,178 --> 00:45:16,840 as though he were very tired 590 00:45:18,382 --> 00:45:21,818 and his face went listless 591 00:45:23,253 --> 00:45:26,222 like that of an old man. 592 00:45:27,691 --> 00:45:31,457 These children are orphans of the attack. 593 00:45:31,562 --> 00:45:36,226 They were each asked what they now wanted to grow up to be. 594 00:45:36,366 --> 00:45:38,732 I don't want to be nothing. 595 00:45:38,869 --> 00:45:40,734 Neither do I. 596 00:45:40,871 --> 00:45:42,998 I don't want to be nothing. 597 00:45:43,107 --> 00:45:46,042 Neither do I want to be nothing. 598 00:45:53,717 --> 00:45:58,450 On almost the entire subject of thermo-nuclear weapons, 599 00:45:58,589 --> 00:46:01,023 on the problems of their possession, 600 00:46:01,158 --> 00:46:03,854 on the effects of their use, 601 00:46:03,994 --> 00:46:08,693 there is now practically a total silence in the press, 602 00:46:08,832 --> 00:46:13,235 in official publications and on television. 603 00:46:15,205 --> 00:46:20,973 There is hope in any unresolved and unpredictable situation. 604 00:46:22,746 --> 00:46:27,945 But is there a real hope to be found in this silence? 605 00:46:30,487 --> 00:46:33,888 The world's stockpile of thermo-nuclear weapons 606 00:46:33,991 --> 00:46:38,291 has doubled within the last 5 years 607 00:46:38,428 --> 00:46:43,627 and now is the equivalent of almost 20 tons of high explosive 608 00:46:43,767 --> 00:46:48,864 to every man, woman and child on the planet. 609 00:46:50,908 --> 00:46:57,040 This stockpile is still steadily growing.