1
00:00:58,017 --> 00:01:02,142
<i>WIM WENDERS: A film about
the life of a photographer?</i>

2
00:01:02,258 --> 00:01:03,927
<i>Maybe it's good
at the beginning</i>

3
00:01:04,019 --> 00:01:07,153
<i>to remember where
the word comes from.</i>

4
00:01:07,300 --> 00:01:09,363
<i>In Greek,
"photo" meant "light."</i>

5
00:01:09,461 --> 00:01:12,404
<i>"Graph" was "writing,
drawing."</i>

6
00:01:13,502 --> 00:01:17,989
<i>A photographer is literally
somebody drawing with light.</i>

7
00:01:18,104 --> 00:01:23,019
<i>A man writing and rewriting the
world with light and shadows.</i>

8
00:01:41,553 --> 00:01:42,511
(SEBASTIÃO SALGADO
SPEAKING FRENCH)

9
00:01:42,593 --> 00:01:45,647
The Serra-Pelada,
Brazil's gold mine...

10
00:01:45,754 --> 00:01:47,231
there before me!

11
00:01:49,276 --> 00:01:53,164
When I reached the edge
of that enormous hole...

12
00:01:54,278 --> 00:01:56,544
every hair on my
body stood on end.

13
00:01:56,639 --> 00:02:00,731
I'd never seen
anything like it.

14
00:02:02,280 --> 00:02:06,293
Here, in a split second,
I saw unfolding before me...

15
00:02:06,442 --> 00:02:08,392
the history of mankind...

16
00:02:08,483 --> 00:02:11,617
The building of
the pyramids...

17
00:02:11,764 --> 00:02:13,511
the Tower of Babel...

18
00:02:13,604 --> 00:02:15,476
the mines of King Solomon...

19
00:02:16,126 --> 00:02:19,857
Not the sound of a single
machine could be heard.

20
00:02:20,968 --> 00:02:22,681
All you could hear...

21
00:02:23,368 --> 00:02:28,328
was the babble of 50,000
people in one huge hole.

22
00:02:30,811 --> 00:02:33,234
Conversations,
noises, human sounds...

23
00:02:33,332 --> 00:02:36,196
mingled with the
sounds of manual labor...

24
00:02:37,654 --> 00:02:40,236
I had returned to
the dawn of time.

25
00:02:41,855 --> 00:02:45,980
I could almost hear the gold
whispering in the souls of these men.

26
00:02:49,458 --> 00:02:51,171
(INDISTINCT CHATTER)

27
00:02:58,941 --> 00:02:59,933
(SEBASTIÃO SPEAKING FRENCH)

28
00:03:00,022 --> 00:03:02,322
All this earth
had to be removed.

29
00:03:02,423 --> 00:03:04,012
It's not all gold.

30
00:03:04,103 --> 00:03:08,229
The guys had to
climb small ladders...

31
00:03:08,385 --> 00:03:10,651
leading to bigger ones...

32
00:03:10,746 --> 00:03:12,381
to emerge at the top.

33
00:03:23,751 --> 00:03:26,253
You wouldn't want
to fall down there!

34
00:03:28,953 --> 00:03:32,684
If you fell from the top you'd
risk taking others with you.

35
00:03:35,756 --> 00:03:38,540
I'd climb up
several times a day...

36
00:03:38,676 --> 00:03:40,976
but I never thought I'd fall.

37
00:03:41,077 --> 00:03:43,376
Nobody else fell.

38
00:03:43,598 --> 00:03:45,661
You were there to
carry sacks, not to fall.

39
00:03:45,759 --> 00:03:48,216
And in my case,
to take photos.

40
00:03:54,482 --> 00:03:58,247
These guys climbed it
50 or 60 times a day.

41
00:04:01,325 --> 00:04:05,090
The only way
to get down such a slope...

42
00:04:05,207 --> 00:04:06,796
is by running.

43
00:04:06,887 --> 00:04:09,671
If you stop, you fall.

44
00:04:18,731 --> 00:04:23,094
All these men together formed
an extremely organized world...

45
00:04:23,213 --> 00:04:25,670
but in complete madness.

46
00:04:39,139 --> 00:04:42,509
You get the impression
they're slaves...

47
00:04:42,660 --> 00:04:44,960
but there wasn't
a single slave.

48
00:04:45,101 --> 00:04:49,351
They were only slaves
to the idea of getting rich.

49
00:04:50,023 --> 00:04:51,849
Everybody wanted to get rich.

50
00:04:53,664 --> 00:04:59,301
There were all sorts: intellectuals,
university graduates...

51
00:04:59,427 --> 00:05:02,166
farm employees...

52
00:05:02,347 --> 00:05:04,974
urban workers...

53
00:05:05,069 --> 00:05:08,360
People from all walks of life
were trying their luck.

54
00:05:10,551 --> 00:05:14,563
Because when you'd
hit a vein of gold...

55
00:05:15,192 --> 00:05:19,949
everyone working that little
section of the mine...

56
00:05:20,074 --> 00:05:22,937
had the right to
choose one sack.

57
00:05:23,595 --> 00:05:26,255
And in that sack
that they chose...

58
00:05:26,397 --> 00:05:28,539
- and this is
the slavery aspect-

59
00:05:28,637 --> 00:05:32,684
there might be nothing
or a kilo of gold!

60
00:05:33,679 --> 00:05:36,936
At that very moment
one's freedom was at stake.

61
00:05:39,362 --> 00:05:42,856
Men who come into
contact with gold...

62
00:05:42,962 --> 00:05:44,551
can never leave it.

63
00:05:55,087 --> 00:05:58,502
<i>WENDERS: I first saw this
picture here, in a gallery,</i>

64
00:05:58,608 --> 00:06:00,908
<i>more than 20 years ago.</i>

65
00:06:01,010 --> 00:06:03,389
<i>I had no idea who took it.</i>

66
00:06:03,491 --> 00:06:06,670
<i>Whoever it was had to be
both a great photographer</i>

67
00:06:06,772 --> 00:06:09,556
<i>and an adventurer, I thought.</i>

68
00:06:09,653 --> 00:06:12,280
<i>There was a stamp on the back
and a signature,</i>

69
00:06:12,374 --> 00:06:14,956
<i>Sebastião Salgado.</i>

70
00:06:15,055 --> 00:06:17,354
<i>I acquired the print.</i>

71
00:06:18,336 --> 00:06:20,602
<i>The gallerist
pulled other pictures,</i>

72
00:06:20,697 --> 00:06:23,436
<i>by the same photographer,
from a drawer.</i>

73
00:06:23,537 --> 00:06:26,321
<i>What I saw
profoundly moved me,</i>

74
00:06:26,419 --> 00:06:29,079
<i>especially this image here,</i>

75
00:06:29,180 --> 00:06:32,201
<i>a portrait of
a blind Tuareg woman.</i>

76
00:06:34,382 --> 00:06:37,832
<i>It still moves me to tears,
even if I see it every day,</i>

77
00:06:37,943 --> 00:06:41,550
<i>as it's hanging over
my desk ever since.</i>

78
00:06:41,664 --> 00:06:46,027
<i>So one thing I knew already
about this Sebastião Salgado,</i>

79
00:06:46,146 --> 00:06:48,807
<i>he really cared about people.</i>

80
00:06:48,908 --> 00:06:51,725
<i>That meant a lot, in my book.</i>

81
00:06:51,828 --> 00:06:55,480
<i>After all, people are
the salt of the earth.</i>

82
00:06:57,710 --> 00:07:01,521
<i>It took a while until
we finally met and talked</i>

83
00:07:01,632 --> 00:07:03,582
<i>about his life, his work,</i>

84
00:07:03,673 --> 00:07:06,299
<i>and where it was
all coming from.</i>

85
00:07:39,446 --> 00:07:40,483
(SEBASTIÃO SPEAKING FRENCH)

86
00:07:40,566 --> 00:07:45,526
If you put too many
photographers in one place...

87
00:07:45,648 --> 00:07:48,624
they'll all take
very different pictures.

88
00:07:49,770 --> 00:07:53,264
Because they
necessarily come...

89
00:07:53,971 --> 00:07:57,308
from very diverse places.

90
00:07:58,053 --> 00:08:01,187
Each one forms
their way of seeing...

91
00:08:02,575 --> 00:08:05,675
according to their history.

92
00:08:07,576 --> 00:08:09,718
I feel that in my case...

93
00:08:09,817 --> 00:08:14,653
I learned to shape my way of
seeing here, in this place.

94
00:08:15,900 --> 00:08:18,763
Here I have
an idea of the planet.

95
00:08:20,061 --> 00:08:23,352
I'd go for long
walks with my father...

96
00:08:23,503 --> 00:08:25,295
across this farm.

97
00:08:25,383 --> 00:08:27,603
We'd come here to look.

98
00:08:27,704 --> 00:08:28,696
(BIRD CHIRPING)

99
00:08:30,625 --> 00:08:31,617
(SEBASTIÃO SPEAKING FRENCH)

100
00:08:31,746 --> 00:08:36,988
Behind each mountain there's a
story, there's something to see.

101
00:08:37,147 --> 00:08:38,623
(SINGING QUIETLY)

102
00:08:40,709 --> 00:08:41,701
(SHUTTER CLICKING)

103
00:08:44,191 --> 00:08:45,228
(SEBASTIÃO SPEAKING FRENCH)

104
00:08:45,311 --> 00:08:47,183
I'd dream a lot here.

105
00:08:48,672 --> 00:08:51,805
I wanted to go beyond the
mountains, I wanted to know.

106
00:09:35,890 --> 00:09:37,401
(INDISTINCT CHATTER)

107
00:09:44,493 --> 00:09:45,924
(BIRDS SINGING)

108
00:10:15,064 --> 00:10:17,488
(CONVERSING IN LOCAL LANGUAGE)

109
00:10:22,867 --> 00:10:24,096
(CAMERA SHUTTER CLICKING)
(ALL LAUGHING)

110
00:10:27,749 --> 00:10:29,147
(MAN SPEAKING LOCAL LANGUAGE)

111
00:10:31,150 --> 00:10:32,300
(CHILDREN LAUGHING)

112
00:10:38,793 --> 00:10:40,111
(MAN SPEAKING LOCAL LANGUAGE)

113
00:11:36,054 --> 00:11:39,909
(ALL CHANTING
IN LOCAL LANGUAGE)

114
00:11:47,379 --> 00:11:49,171
(ALL SINGING)

115
00:12:00,383 --> 00:12:02,175
(SINGING CONTINUING)

116
00:12:20,951 --> 00:12:22,935
(SPEAKING GENTLY)

117
00:12:30,594 --> 00:12:31,586
Hmm?

118
00:12:54,844 --> 00:12:56,670
(BIRDS CALLING)

119
00:13:17,893 --> 00:13:18,884
(SEBASTIÃO SR.
SPEAKING PORTUGUESE)

120
00:13:19,012 --> 00:13:21,436
Sebastião was such a rascal!

121
00:13:21,534 --> 00:13:23,879
He was always traveling...

122
00:13:24,015 --> 00:13:26,077
like no one I'd ever seen.

123
00:13:26,175 --> 00:13:30,267
My dad was the same,
he never stopped.

124
00:13:30,377 --> 00:13:33,195
Back and forth,
like a shuttle.

125
00:13:33,978 --> 00:13:35,410
Just like Sebastião.

126
00:13:35,579 --> 00:13:38,836
You'd think he was in Vitoria,
but he'd already be here...

127
00:13:38,940 --> 00:13:42,390
or up north doing politics.

128
00:13:43,142 --> 00:13:47,944
Without his fellow students he
wouldn't have finished his studies.

129
00:13:50,264 --> 00:13:52,891
Tiao was a scamp
when it came to studying.

130
00:13:52,985 --> 00:13:56,750
He was a handful, but he managed
to get his economics degree.

131
00:13:58,908 --> 00:14:01,850
I wanted him to be a lawyer.

132
00:14:01,989 --> 00:14:03,184
He did one year...

133
00:14:03,269 --> 00:14:07,316
then switched to economics,
which was good for him.

134
00:14:09,551 --> 00:14:12,448
WENDERS: That
was Sebastião Salgado.

135
00:14:12,552 --> 00:14:14,694
<i>The father, that is.</i>

136
00:14:15,274 --> 00:14:18,092
<i>He passed his name on
to his only son, who,</i>

137
00:14:18,195 --> 00:14:22,207
<i>even if he remained a restless
traveler for all his life,</i>

138
00:14:22,316 --> 00:14:26,442
<i>did profit from the studies
his dad had obliged him to</i>

139
00:14:27,078 --> 00:14:30,843
<i>in ways he could not have
anticipated himself.</i>

140
00:14:30,960 --> 00:14:33,620
<i>His education as an economist</i>

141
00:14:33,721 --> 00:14:35,863
<i>equipped him with
a solid knowledge</i>

142
00:14:35,961 --> 00:14:39,219
<i>of global markets,
trade and industry,</i>

143
00:14:39,323 --> 00:14:41,904
<i>so he knew what was
driving the world.</i>

144
00:14:43,564 --> 00:14:45,987
<i>For our man, it all
started in the little town</i>

145
00:14:46,125 --> 00:14:49,338
<i>of Aimorés, in central Brazil.</i>

146
00:14:49,446 --> 00:14:53,211
<i>There was his father's cattle
farm under the big sky.</i>

147
00:14:53,328 --> 00:14:56,112
<i>There were vast
Atlantic rain forests.</i>

148
00:14:56,209 --> 00:14:59,783
<i>There was the river,
still navigable at the time.</i>

149
00:14:59,891 --> 00:15:03,779
<i>But most of all, there were the endless
trains running by,<br/>(TRAIN HORN BLOWING)</i>

150
00:15:03,891 --> 00:15:07,306
<i>filled to the brim with
minerals and iron ore,</i>

151
00:15:07,453 --> 00:15:10,474
<i>that would go from
here into the world.</i>

152
00:15:10,574 --> 00:15:12,366
<i>After all,
this was and still is</i>

153
00:15:12,455 --> 00:15:16,266
<i>the biggest mining
region on the planet.</i>

154
00:15:16,377 --> 00:15:19,240
<i>This is where young
Sebastião grew up,</i>

155
00:15:19,337 --> 00:15:21,603
<i>the only boy
among seven sisters,</i>

156
00:15:21,698 --> 00:15:22,814
<i>what a life!</i>

157
00:15:23,539 --> 00:15:24,497
(SHUTTER CLICKING)

158
00:15:24,620 --> 00:15:26,682
<i>WENDERS: All summers long, he played
on the banks (WATER STREAMING)</i>

159
00:15:26,781 --> 00:15:30,196
<i>of the Rio Doce,
the "Sweet River."</i>

160
00:15:30,702 --> 00:15:32,731
<i>That's where you are now.</i>

161
00:15:32,863 --> 00:15:36,436
<i>And here we are,
our little documentary crew.</i>

162
00:15:36,624 --> 00:15:38,371
(MAN SPEAKING INDISTINCTLY)

163
00:15:38,504 --> 00:15:41,131
<i>WENDERS: I learned one thing.</i>

164
00:15:41,226 --> 00:15:44,010
<i>Having a photographer
in front of your camera</i>

165
00:15:44,107 --> 00:15:47,161
<i>is very different from
filming anybody else.</i>

166
00:15:47,268 --> 00:15:51,033
<i>He would not just be there and
act like himself, so to speak.</i>

167
00:15:51,310 --> 00:15:55,401
<i>No, by profession,
he reacts and responds</i>

168
00:15:56,271 --> 00:15:59,845
<i>using his weapon of choice, his
photo camera- (SHUTTER CLICKING)</i>

169
00:15:59,953 --> 00:16:01,745
<i>Our man shoots back.</i>

170
00:16:01,833 --> 00:16:02,825
(SEBASTIÃO SPEAKING FRENCH)

171
00:16:02,913 --> 00:16:03,871
Wim, I have
a nice shot of you.

172
00:16:03,954 --> 00:16:04,945
(WENDERS SPEAKING FRENCH)

173
00:16:05,074 --> 00:16:06,111
And I got one of you!

174
00:16:06,315 --> 00:16:07,589
I bet you did!

175
00:16:07,755 --> 00:16:10,698
<i>WENDERS: In this case, he
wasn't just shooting at me.</i>

176
00:16:11,077 --> 00:16:12,069
Look“.

177
00:16:12,197 --> 00:16:14,620
<i>WENDERS: He had two of us
in front of his lens.</i>

178
00:16:14,718 --> 00:16:18,573
<i>The other guy, my fellow director,
was his oldest son, Juliano.</i>

179
00:16:18,679 --> 00:16:20,787
<i>He had already
accompanied his father</i>

180
00:16:20,881 --> 00:16:23,462
<i>with his camera on
several journeys,</i>

181
00:16:23,562 --> 00:16:27,529
<i>like to Papua New Guinea,
which you just saw before,</i>

182
00:16:27,642 --> 00:16:29,863
<i>or here, to a remote island</i>

183
00:16:29,964 --> 00:16:32,906
<i>far north on
the East Siberian Sea.</i>

184
00:16:33,004 --> 00:16:35,586
<i>I wish I could
have gone there, too.</i>

185
00:16:35,686 --> 00:16:36,678
(SHUTTER CLICKING)

186
00:16:36,766 --> 00:16:38,119
(BIRDS SCREECHING)

187
00:16:45,009 --> 00:16:47,636
<i>Father and son Salgado
invited me to join them</i>

188
00:16:47,730 --> 00:16:50,153
<i>and continue
this film together,</i>

189
00:16:50,251 --> 00:16:52,991
<i>to add an outside view
to their adventure, I guess.</i>

190
00:16:53,853 --> 00:16:55,916
<i>I didn't hesitate a bit.</i>

191
00:16:56,014 --> 00:16:58,313
<i>What else could I ask for?</i>

192
00:16:59,535 --> 00:17:02,082
<i>I would finally
get to know this man,</i>

193
00:17:02,176 --> 00:17:04,442
<i>find out what was driving him,</i>

194
00:17:04,537 --> 00:17:07,828
<i>and why his work had left
such an impression on me.</i>

195
00:17:08,898 --> 00:17:12,156
<i>Little did I know that
I was going to discover</i>

196
00:17:12,260 --> 00:17:15,394
<i>much more than
just a photographer.</i>

197
00:17:15,501 --> 00:17:17,609
(RAILROAD CROSSING
BELL CLANGING)

198
00:17:18,182 --> 00:17:19,580
(WHISTLE BLOWING)

199
00:17:20,543 --> 00:17:23,597
<i>Sebastião was 15 years old
when he took the train</i>

200
00:17:23,704 --> 00:17:26,161
<i>to leave the little
country town for good,</i>

201
00:17:26,264 --> 00:17:30,153
<i>to go to high school in the
provincial capital of Vitoria.</i>

202
00:17:30,266 --> 00:17:32,137
<i>Our young man
didn't know, at first,</i>

203
00:17:32,227 --> 00:17:34,966
<i>what to do with
the money in his pockets.</i>

204
00:17:35,068 --> 00:17:37,695
<i>He had never paid
for anything in cash.</i>

205
00:17:37,789 --> 00:17:40,449
<i>At the farm, they had produced
everything themselves,</i>

206
00:17:40,550 --> 00:17:43,413
<i>so he stayed hungry during the
first weeks in the big city,</i>

207
00:17:43,511 --> 00:17:46,961
<i>afraid of going into a pub and
just ordering something to eat.</i>

208
00:17:50,274 --> 00:17:53,645
<i>We are in the dark what
Sebastião would have become</i>

209
00:17:53,755 --> 00:17:57,125
<i>if this young woman here
hadn't entered the picture.</i>

210
00:17:57,236 --> 00:17:58,634
<i>Lélia.</i>

211
00:17:59,077 --> 00:18:02,571
<i>She was 17, a music student,
and utterly beautiful.</i>

212
00:18:02,678 --> 00:18:04,865
<i>It was love at first sight.</i>

213
00:18:04,959 --> 00:18:08,172
<i>When Sebastião got a scholarship
for a master in economics</i>

214
00:18:08,280 --> 00:18:10,264
<i>at a university in São Paulo,</i>

215
00:18:10,362 --> 00:18:12,819
<i>they moved there
and got married.</i>

216
00:18:13,922 --> 00:18:15,433
(CROWD SHOUTING INDISTINCTLY)

217
00:18:15,563 --> 00:18:17,039
<i>Where in the mid-'60s,</i>

218
00:18:17,123 --> 00:18:19,502
<i>they were both
involved in leftist politics,</i>

219
00:18:19,604 --> 00:18:23,775
<i>like a lot of their fellow students
in Paris, Berlin or Chicago.</i>

220
00:18:24,126 --> 00:18:27,023
<i>Brazil was under the reign of a
brutal military dictatorship,</i>

221
00:18:27,168 --> 00:18:30,189
<i>so there was a daily danger
of being arrested,</i>

222
00:18:30,369 --> 00:18:32,477
<i>deported and tortured.</i>

223
00:18:34,330 --> 00:18:36,709
<i>In August of 1969,
(SHIP HONKING)</i>

224
00:18:37,171 --> 00:18:39,753
<i>Sebastião and Lélia
left their home country</i>

225
00:18:39,852 --> 00:18:42,039
<i>and took a boat to France.</i>

226
00:18:43,774 --> 00:18:47,031
<i>While Sebastião continued
his formation as economist,</i>

227
00:18:47,134 --> 00:18:49,591
<i>Lélia studied architecture.</i>

228
00:18:49,695 --> 00:18:53,506
<i>One memorable day, she bought
a photo camera for her work,</i>

229
00:18:53,617 --> 00:18:56,717
<i>and the one who had all the
fun with it was Sebastião.</i>

230
00:18:56,818 --> 00:19:01,463
<i>The first picture he ever took
was of Lélia, of course.</i>

231
00:19:01,580 --> 00:19:06,067
<i>And then Sebastião got a job at the
International Coffee Organization</i>

232
00:19:06,182 --> 00:19:08,053
<i>and they moved to London.</i>

233
00:19:08,142 --> 00:19:10,408
<i>Heading for a career
at the World Bank,</i>

234
00:19:10,503 --> 00:19:14,753
<i>he often traveled to Africa to
survey development projects.</i>

235
00:19:14,865 --> 00:19:16,928
<i>He would take
Lélia's camera with him,</i>

236
00:19:17,427 --> 00:19:20,763
<i>and would always come back
with lots of pictures.</i>

237
00:19:22,108 --> 00:19:24,250
<i>Realizing that
these photographs</i>

238
00:19:24,389 --> 00:19:28,153
<i>gave him so much more pleasure
than his economic reports,</i>

239
00:19:28,310 --> 00:19:31,681
<i>the two of them made
a bold decision together.</i>

240
00:19:31,791 --> 00:19:33,741
<i>He should take
the enormous risk,</i>

241
00:19:34,392 --> 00:19:38,676
<i>abandon a promising, well-paid
career as an economist,</i>

242
00:19:38,794 --> 00:19:40,699
<i>and start from scratch.</i>

243
00:19:41,636 --> 00:19:44,736
<i>They moved back to Paris
and invested all they had</i>

244
00:19:44,876 --> 00:19:46,545
<i>in expensive photo equipment.</i>

245
00:19:47,357 --> 00:19:51,088
<i>For a while, Sebastião tried
his hand at sports,</i>

246
00:19:51,198 --> 00:19:54,490
<i>did portraits,
weddings and even nudes,</i>

247
00:19:54,640 --> 00:19:56,940
<i>before he found his vocation.</i>

248
00:20:01,243 --> 00:20:02,234
(SEBASTIÃO SPEAKING FRENCH)

249
00:20:02,323 --> 00:20:04,306
These were
my first photographs.

250
00:20:04,564 --> 00:20:07,348
We were in
the city of Tahoua.

251
00:20:08,085 --> 00:20:11,298
Young mothers were
standing in line...

252
00:20:11,407 --> 00:20:14,428
to get some food...

253
00:20:14,528 --> 00:20:19,611
<i>as there'd been a severe
drought in Niger in '73.</i>

254
00:20:20,290 --> 00:20:24,776
For Lélia it was tough,
because she was pregnant.

255
00:20:24,971 --> 00:20:28,578
I remember, we were
in that very place...

256
00:20:28,773 --> 00:20:32,109
living at a friend's home
at Niamey...

257
00:20:32,814 --> 00:20:35,677
when the local
Marabout came by.

258
00:20:35,815 --> 00:20:39,749
Lélia was wearing shorts,
she was really pretty.

259
00:20:41,017 --> 00:20:44,432
And the Marabout sat down...

260
00:20:44,538 --> 00:20:46,522
and said to her...

261
00:20:46,619 --> 00:20:48,964
"Come sit on my lap!"

262
00:20:49,861 --> 00:20:51,766
"Oh," I said...

263
00:20:51,861 --> 00:20:55,795
"Mr. Marabout,
there's a slight problem...

264
00:20:55,943 --> 00:20:59,630
"This woman is pregnant...

265
00:21:00,184 --> 00:21:02,056
"with our first child.

266
00:21:02,145 --> 00:21:05,324
"So it's best she stays put."

267
00:21:05,466 --> 00:21:09,153
So he understood that...

268
00:21:11,348 --> 00:21:14,922
it wasn't
the right synchronicity.

269
00:21:15,030 --> 00:21:18,400
So we talked it over and he
left with a kilo of sugar...

270
00:21:18,551 --> 00:21:21,177
as happy as if
it'd been Lélia.

271
00:21:26,034 --> 00:21:30,002
<i>WENDERS: Their son Juliano
was born in Paris in 1974.</i>

272
00:21:30,876 --> 00:21:34,055
<i>Here he is, my future
pal and co-director.</i>

273
00:21:34,917 --> 00:21:37,217
<i>Lélia continued to
support Sebastião</i>

274
00:21:37,318 --> 00:21:39,741
<i>with all she could
as a young mother.</i>

275
00:21:39,839 --> 00:21:41,789
<i>She worked hard,
parallel to her studies,</i>

276
00:21:41,880 --> 00:21:45,093
<i>and presented Sebastião's
photographs everywhere,</i>

277
00:21:45,201 --> 00:21:48,144
<i>to magazines,
newspapers and agencies.</i>

278
00:21:48,842 --> 00:21:52,934
<i>And then, after a few
significant publications,</i>

279
00:21:53,044 --> 00:21:55,423
<i>the two of them felt
encouraged to envision</i>

280
00:21:55,525 --> 00:21:58,501
<i>a first big photographic
project on their own,</i>

281
00:21:59,326 --> 00:22:01,276
Otras Americas.

282
00:22:01,367 --> 00:22:03,351
"The Other Americas."

283
00:22:03,928 --> 00:22:08,291
<i>It was going to take Sebastião
all across South America.</i>

284
00:22:08,410 --> 00:22:11,589
<i>Little Juliano was getting
used to seeing his dad off</i>

285
00:22:11,691 --> 00:22:13,990
<i>for long absences at a time.</i>

286
00:22:20,214 --> 00:22:21,206
(SEBASTIÃO SPEAKING FRENCH)

287
00:22:21,294 --> 00:22:25,262
Ever since we'd
left Brazil in 1969...

288
00:22:25,456 --> 00:22:29,627
I'd deeply
missed South America.

289
00:22:29,778 --> 00:22:32,281
So I decided to travel...

290
00:22:32,379 --> 00:22:34,678
around Brazil's
neighboring countries:

291
00:22:34,779 --> 00:22:38,274
Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia...

292
00:22:38,981 --> 00:22:43,863
I dreamt of seeing the
mountains of South America...

293
00:22:43,983 --> 00:22:45,302
the Andes.

294
00:22:46,664 --> 00:22:48,377
At the time,
in South America...

295
00:22:48,465 --> 00:22:52,196
there was a profound
social movement...

296
00:22:52,306 --> 00:22:54,966
the "Liberation Theology".

297
00:22:56,188 --> 00:23:01,023
And on this journey I met a
young priest, in Ecuador...

298
00:23:01,149 --> 00:23:02,975
called Gabicho.

299
00:23:03,070 --> 00:23:07,590
We were both young,
la photographer, he a priest.

300
00:23:07,712 --> 00:23:10,496
He brought them
the word of God...

301
00:23:10,633 --> 00:23:16,460
he organized the farmers into
cooperatives, introduced solidarity.

302
00:23:16,636 --> 00:23:20,446
And since he had access
to all these communities...

303
00:23:20,597 --> 00:23:23,888
those journeys I
made were extraordinary.

304
00:23:28,480 --> 00:23:31,107
There we were,
over 3,000 meters up.

305
00:23:31,201 --> 00:23:36,240
We'd climb 600 or
700 meters in a day.

306
00:23:37,163 --> 00:23:41,289
It was a sheer delight
to live in this landscape...

307
00:23:41,404 --> 00:23:43,039
among these communities.

308
00:23:46,166 --> 00:23:50,686
These are the Saraguros, a tribe of
Indians in the south of Ecuador.

309
00:23:50,808 --> 00:23:55,847
Very religious,
but also great drinkers.

310
00:23:56,570 --> 00:24:01,215
Over half of them, at the
weekend, men and women...

311
00:24:01,331 --> 00:24:03,473
would get totally drunk.

312
00:24:06,614 --> 00:24:08,643
The villager on the left...

313
00:24:09,295 --> 00:24:12,158
his name is Lupe, Guadalupe...

314
00:24:12,256 --> 00:24:15,907
Lupe and I became very close.

315
00:24:16,618 --> 00:24:19,752
At the time I had
very long hair...

316
00:24:19,859 --> 00:24:21,764
long blond hair...

317
00:24:21,860 --> 00:24:25,039
with a big,
reddish blond beard.

318
00:24:27,581 --> 00:24:30,242
Walking with him
through the mountains...

319
00:24:30,343 --> 00:24:33,950
one day he said to me,
"Listen, Sebastião.

320
00:24:34,105 --> 00:24:37,081
"I know that you
were sent from heaven."

321
00:24:37,185 --> 00:24:41,040
According to
the Saraguros' legends...

322
00:24:41,186 --> 00:24:44,951
God, in the image of Christ...

323
00:24:45,068 --> 00:24:49,510
was to return to
Earth to observe them...

324
00:24:49,670 --> 00:24:52,252
to decide who'd go to heaven.

325
00:24:52,351 --> 00:24:57,988
As we walked in the mountains,
he told me about his life.

326
00:24:59,994 --> 00:25:05,077
<i>He seriously believed that I'd
come as a special observer...</i>

327
00:25:05,195 --> 00:25:08,927
to report "up there"
about their behavior.

328
00:25:12,839 --> 00:25:17,957
Never in my life
had I met a people...

329
00:25:18,080 --> 00:25:21,530
with such
a different sense of time.

330
00:25:23,442 --> 00:25:28,402
The time I spent with the Saraguros
felt like an entire century...

331
00:25:28,525 --> 00:25:30,790
everything felt so slow.

332
00:25:31,406 --> 00:25:34,855
It was another way of
thinking, a different rhythm.

333
00:25:37,568 --> 00:25:40,352
There was
a fatalism on their faces.

334
00:25:43,890 --> 00:25:46,945
This is in the state
of Oaxaca, in Mexico.

335
00:25:47,052 --> 00:25:50,546
A group of farmers
called the Mixe.

336
00:25:52,773 --> 00:25:57,181
It's all medieval,
the yoke, the plow...

337
00:26:00,016 --> 00:26:02,833
This is deepest South America.

338
00:26:04,578 --> 00:26:07,317
They were a country people...

339
00:26:08,260 --> 00:26:11,473
but what
mattered most to them...

340
00:26:11,581 --> 00:26:12,979
was music.

341
00:26:13,061 --> 00:26:16,318
They were people
who adored music.

342
00:26:17,263 --> 00:26:22,538
Every member of the community
able to play an instrument...

343
00:26:23,184 --> 00:26:25,563
didn't have to do any work...

344
00:26:25,665 --> 00:26:27,774
they worked as musicians.

345
00:26:27,867 --> 00:26:29,816
(MUSIC PLAYING)

346
00:26:31,548 --> 00:26:32,540
(SEBASTIÃO SPEAKING FRENCH)

347
00:26:32,628 --> 00:26:35,728
They had me sleep
for several days...

348
00:26:35,829 --> 00:26:39,797
in a very cold cement room...

349
00:26:39,911 --> 00:26:44,037
to see if I could bear it,
if I really wanted to stay...

350
00:26:44,233 --> 00:26:47,051
As I held out for
quite awhile...

351
00:26:47,154 --> 00:26:50,174
they finally put
me up in a house...

352
00:26:50,315 --> 00:26:53,258
and I grew much
closer to the community.

353
00:26:53,356 --> 00:26:54,990
It was a pleasure for me.

354
00:26:55,157 --> 00:26:58,809
We became close friends,
I felt good there.

355
00:27:06,721 --> 00:27:10,892
This is in the north of Mexico.
The Tarahumara.

356
00:27:11,602 --> 00:27:15,931
These people are great runners,
long-distance runners.

357
00:27:16,044 --> 00:27:17,836
They don't walk, they run.

358
00:27:18,446 --> 00:27:21,342
God, it was hell
trying to keep up.

359
00:27:21,486 --> 00:27:24,192
They didn't walk, they flew!

360
00:27:31,130 --> 00:27:32,404
(VIOLIN PLAYING)

361
00:27:32,730 --> 00:27:34,365
That's a Tarahumara...

362
00:27:34,492 --> 00:27:38,820
his face deeply
marked by life.

363
00:27:41,974 --> 00:27:44,871
Beautiful hair,
fantastic hair.

364
00:27:47,656 --> 00:27:50,710
People would
approach my camera...

365
00:27:50,817 --> 00:27:55,022
and I had the impression
I was more a sound recorder.

366
00:27:56,419 --> 00:28:00,748
<i>They'd tell me things as if I
was recording their stories.</i>

367
00:28:06,424 --> 00:28:11,383
The power of a portrait lies in
that fraction of a second...

368
00:28:12,106 --> 00:28:16,434
when you catch a glimpse
of that person's life.

369
00:28:16,587 --> 00:28:20,352
The eyes say a lot,
the expression on the face...

370
00:28:23,069 --> 00:28:26,406
When you take a portrait,
the shot is not yours alone.

371
00:28:26,551 --> 00:28:28,850
The person offers it to you.

372
00:28:33,513 --> 00:28:36,331
Those journeys
meant so much to me.

373
00:28:38,315 --> 00:28:40,535
To come here
after all those years,

374
00:28:40,636 --> 00:28:43,657
unable to set foot
in my own country.

375
00:28:43,757 --> 00:28:48,119
The essence was the same. It was
my continent, we were so close.

376
00:28:50,000 --> 00:28:54,486
<i>WENDERS: Otras Americas
took Sebastião eight years.</i>

377
00:28:54,601 --> 00:28:57,655
<i>On these journeys into
the deepest South America,</i>

378
00:28:57,762 --> 00:29:02,125
<i>he simply disappeared
for extended periods of time.</i>

379
00:29:02,244 --> 00:29:06,291
<i>Juliano largely grew up
with an absent father.</i>

380
00:29:06,726 --> 00:29:10,141
<i>His parents could at least
write letters back and forth.</i>

381
00:29:10,247 --> 00:29:14,496
<i>This was, of course, long before
any satellite communication.</i>

382
00:29:15,809 --> 00:29:17,838
<i>Whenever he came
home in between,</i>

383
00:29:17,930 --> 00:29:21,741
<i>to see his family and to edit
his photos together with Lélia,</i>

384
00:29:21,852 --> 00:29:25,459
<i>Sebastião appeared like a
great adventurer to his son,</i>

385
00:29:25,573 --> 00:29:29,304
<i>some kind of superhero,
rather than a photographer.</i>

386
00:29:29,414 --> 00:29:30,733
<i>And jump cut...</i>

387
00:29:32,055 --> 00:29:34,512
<i>JULIANO: ...to me,
30 years later.</i>

388
00:29:35,216 --> 00:29:39,263
<i>I finally join my father
on one of his missions</i>

389
00:29:39,378 --> 00:29:43,503
<i>to Wrangel, a deserted island
in the Arctic Ocean.</i>

390
00:29:44,740 --> 00:29:46,803
<i>Sebastião was
hoping to photograph</i>

391
00:29:46,901 --> 00:29:49,843
<i>the last big
congregations of walruses.</i>

392
00:29:50,942 --> 00:29:53,963
<i>I wanted to find
out who that man was,</i>

393
00:29:54,063 --> 00:29:57,197
<i>the man I had only
known as my father.</i>

394
00:29:59,666 --> 00:30:03,160
<i>I wanted to discover
the photographer,</i>

395
00:30:03,307 --> 00:30:05,809
<i>the adventurer,
for the first time.</i>

396
00:30:31,798 --> 00:30:32,948
(BELLOWING)

397
00:30:42,522 --> 00:30:43,953
(DEEP GRUNTING)

398
00:31:11,932 --> 00:31:13,443
(DEEP GRUNTING)

399
00:31:28,379 --> 00:31:29,370
(SEBASTIÃO SPEAKING
PORTUGUESE)

400
00:31:29,458 --> 00:31:31,442
Goddamn bear!

401
00:31:31,540 --> 00:31:33,051
He tricked us.

402
00:31:33,220 --> 00:31:37,031
He drove them all into the water.
Incredible!

403
00:31:42,184 --> 00:31:43,175
(GRUNTING)

404
00:31:53,548 --> 00:31:54,698
(DOOR OPENING)

405
00:31:55,869 --> 00:31:57,380
(BEAR GRUNTING IN DISTANCE)

406
00:32:11,435 --> 00:32:12,426
(SHUTTER CLICKING)

407
00:32:14,756 --> 00:32:15,793
(JULIANO SPEAKING
PORTUGUESE)

408
00:32:15,876 --> 00:32:17,589
What do you think?

409
00:32:18,437 --> 00:32:20,500
What do you think, Dad?

410
00:32:20,598 --> 00:32:21,556
(SPEAKING PORTUGUESE)

411
00:32:21,638 --> 00:32:24,422
I think it'll be complicated
to get this story.

412
00:32:28,001 --> 00:32:29,873
If this is all we've got...

413
00:32:35,283 --> 00:32:36,681
(HUFFING)

414
00:32:44,407 --> 00:32:45,365
(SEBASTIÃO SPEAKING SOFTLY)

415
00:32:45,487 --> 00:32:47,707
It's not just a matter

416
00:32:47,808 --> 00:32:51,382
of getting close to a bear
and taking a picture.

417
00:32:51,490 --> 00:32:54,116
If the framing is poor...

418
00:32:54,250 --> 00:32:58,139
you'll just show the bear,
but it won't be a photo.

419
00:32:58,852 --> 00:33:01,670
This spot is no good.

420
00:33:01,813 --> 00:33:04,474
There's nothing in
the background...

421
00:33:04,575 --> 00:33:07,832
nothing to compose
a well-framed picture.

422
00:33:13,258 --> 00:33:15,715
No action, nothing.

423
00:33:53,232 --> 00:33:54,224
(GRUNTING)

424
00:34:13,000 --> 00:34:14,635
(SNORING SOFTLY)

425
00:34:20,562 --> 00:34:21,791
(WIND WHISTLING)

426
00:35:26,107 --> 00:35:28,013
(WIND WHISTLING)

427
00:35:37,992 --> 00:35:39,581
(GRUNTING)

428
00:35:39,712 --> 00:35:40,704
(CAMERA SHUTTER CLICKING)

429
00:35:50,636 --> 00:35:51,955
(DEEP GRUNTING)

430
00:36:11,164 --> 00:36:12,675
(CAMERA SHUTTER CLICKING)

431
00:36:49,818 --> 00:36:50,810
(SEBASTIÃO SPEAKING
PORTUGUESE)

432
00:36:50,899 --> 00:36:52,375
Stunning!

433
00:36:52,459 --> 00:36:55,875
All I could see
was the shape of their tusks.

434
00:36:55,981 --> 00:36:59,317
Impossible to make out
the outline of their heads.

435
00:36:59,462 --> 00:37:02,168
It was like being
in Dante's Inferno...

436
00:37:02,303 --> 00:37:04,411
with those tusks protruding...

437
00:37:04,544 --> 00:37:06,809
All those shapes...
Incredible!

438
00:37:14,987 --> 00:37:16,463
(WATER FLOWING)

439
00:37:26,912 --> 00:37:27,904
(JULIANO SPEAKING
PORTUGUESE)

440
00:37:27,993 --> 00:37:31,566
Dad, what happened in 1979?

441
00:37:33,955 --> 00:37:34,947
(SEBASTIÃO SPEAKING
PORTUGUESE)

442
00:37:35,035 --> 00:37:38,845
In '79, Lélia was pregnant
with our second son.

443
00:37:38,997 --> 00:37:41,184
We knew it was a boy.

444
00:37:43,038 --> 00:37:45,304
When Rodrigo was born...

445
00:37:45,439 --> 00:37:49,880
he had all the signs
of Down's syndrome.

446
00:37:51,001 --> 00:37:54,608
He was so cute with
his slanted eyes...

447
00:37:54,722 --> 00:37:58,656
I felt he was
completely normal.

448
00:37:58,763 --> 00:38:00,556
So did Lélia.

449
00:38:01,165 --> 00:38:07,433
The doctor did a lot of tests. It
was three weeks before we knew.

450
00:38:07,567 --> 00:38:09,709
On the day he called...

451
00:38:11,008 --> 00:38:13,826
the tension was such...

452
00:38:13,930 --> 00:38:16,477
that when I heard
the results, I cried.

453
00:38:16,570 --> 00:38:18,633
I couldn't stop crying.

454
00:38:24,014 --> 00:38:26,200
<i>JULIANO: My baby brother
was never going</i>

455
00:38:26,294 --> 00:38:30,466
<i>to be able to go to school
or learn how to read and write</i>

456
00:38:30,576 --> 00:38:31,850
<i>like I would.</i>

457
00:38:31,936 --> 00:38:33,841
<i>Rodrigo would be
isolated in a world</i>

458
00:38:33,937 --> 00:38:35,887
<i>we would never
be able to share.</i>

459
00:38:36,698 --> 00:38:39,122
<i>This was very
hard on my parents.</i>

460
00:38:39,699 --> 00:38:41,886
<i>But then something happened.</i>

461
00:38:42,781 --> 00:38:46,354
<i>Through his love, Rodrigo
developed a language of his own.</i>

462
00:38:47,422 --> 00:38:49,531
<i>Slowly, as a family,</i>

463
00:38:49,623 --> 00:38:52,328
<i>we learned to decipher
his emotional alphabet</i>

464
00:38:52,424 --> 00:38:55,129
<i>and to
communicate without words.</i>

465
00:38:59,506 --> 00:39:03,869
<i>Sometime later, my mum, my brother
and I took an airplane to Brazil.</i>

466
00:39:03,989 --> 00:39:06,728
<i>The military
dictatorship had crumbled.</i>

467
00:39:06,829 --> 00:39:09,376
<i>I was five, and I
didn't really understand</i>

468
00:39:09,470 --> 00:39:12,650
<i>how important that
long trip was going to be.</i>

469
00:39:13,472 --> 00:39:16,730
<i>At some point, a man
opened one of the blinds,</i>

470
00:39:16,833 --> 00:39:20,170
<i>and direct sunlight
poured into the airplane.</i>

471
00:39:20,834 --> 00:39:23,574
<i>His voice echoed
through the cabin,</i>

472
00:39:23,676 --> 00:39:25,784
<i>"We're flying over Brazil."</i>

473
00:39:25,876 --> 00:39:29,371
<i>My mum looked through the
window and went silent.</i>

474
00:39:29,478 --> 00:39:34,596
<i>She was seeing her own country for
the first time, after so many years.</i>

475
00:39:34,720 --> 00:39:38,925
<i>It was such a happy moment, and
yet, when she turned to me,</i>

476
00:39:39,041 --> 00:39:40,867
<i>she was crying.</i>

477
00:39:43,843 --> 00:39:45,792
<i>As for my father,
he was in French Guiana</i>

478
00:39:45,884 --> 00:39:48,229
<i>and was going
to join us later.</i>

479
00:39:49,125 --> 00:39:50,117
(SPEAKING FRENCH)

480
00:39:50,205 --> 00:39:52,989
It was December 31,
I'd returned to Brazil!

481
00:39:53,086 --> 00:39:56,063
It was great to be home...

482
00:39:56,808 --> 00:39:59,862
after ten and
a half years abroad.

483
00:40:00,609 --> 00:40:05,411
It was a shock. Lélia's
hometown wasn't the same.

484
00:40:06,171 --> 00:40:09,823
Vitoria had changed a lot.
Everything was different.

485
00:40:11,093 --> 00:40:13,550
My region had
changed a lot too.

486
00:40:13,654 --> 00:40:19,133
When I left my parents,
they were young and strong.

487
00:40:19,256 --> 00:40:23,664
Upon returning, I found an old man.
My father had aged a lot.

488
00:40:24,698 --> 00:40:25,927
But at that time...

489
00:40:26,019 --> 00:40:29,389
I wanted to explore
Brazil more deeply.

490
00:40:29,980 --> 00:40:32,483
My sister lent me a car...

491
00:40:33,742 --> 00:40:37,079
and I made a six-month journey
in the North-East of Brazil.

492
00:40:37,223 --> 00:40:39,286
I didn't know the North-East.

493
00:40:39,384 --> 00:40:42,675
I'd always dreamt of
that part of Brazil.

494
00:41:05,433 --> 00:41:08,251
These people were
going to a funeral.

495
00:41:08,995 --> 00:41:13,120
I stopped by the roadside
and went with them.

496
00:41:14,957 --> 00:41:20,470
Infant mortality was very high
in the North-East of Brazil.

497
00:41:20,599 --> 00:41:23,496
These children died
before they were baptized.

498
00:41:26,201 --> 00:41:29,459
They believe that children
who are not baptized...

499
00:41:30,362 --> 00:41:33,259
don't have the right
to go to heaven.

500
00:41:33,844 --> 00:41:36,426
They stay in
an in-between realm...

501
00:41:36,525 --> 00:41:38,036
called limbo.

502
00:41:39,767 --> 00:41:44,489
If a child dies with its eyes closed
it's because it was baptized.

503
00:41:44,648 --> 00:41:46,316
If its eyes are open...

504
00:41:46,409 --> 00:41:49,858
they leave them open
so it can find its way.

505
00:41:50,010 --> 00:41:53,978
Otherwise it will
wander for eternity.

506
00:42:03,095 --> 00:42:07,379
Back then, there was a service for
renting coffins at the church.

507
00:42:07,536 --> 00:42:09,881
You could rent
a coffin cheaply.

508
00:42:10,818 --> 00:42:13,635
It'd be used dozens of times.

509
00:42:20,782 --> 00:42:24,231
There you can see
such a coffin rental service.

510
00:42:27,704 --> 00:42:29,812
And yes, those are shoes.

511
00:42:29,905 --> 00:42:34,391
They sold everything: shoes,
coffins, bananas, vegetables...

512
00:42:34,546 --> 00:42:37,128
ice-cream, everything...

513
00:42:38,588 --> 00:42:43,154
It's a region where life
and death are very close.

514
00:42:47,631 --> 00:42:51,723
Here's a group
saying prayers...

515
00:42:51,833 --> 00:42:55,090
and learning about politics
at the same time.

516
00:42:56,594 --> 00:42:59,649
In Brazil there was,
and still is...

517
00:42:59,756 --> 00:43:02,935
a big movement
called the "Landless Workers".

518
00:43:03,037 --> 00:43:07,603
Many of them came from here...

519
00:43:08,560 --> 00:43:11,017
from the North-East of Brazil.

520
00:43:11,120 --> 00:43:12,833
(WORKERS SHOUTING)

521
00:43:16,923 --> 00:43:17,914
(SEBASTIÃO SPEAKING FRENCH)

522
00:43:18,003 --> 00:43:18,994
These people...

523
00:43:19,123 --> 00:43:21,986
have a moral strength...

524
00:43:22,084 --> 00:43:24,948
a physical force...

525
00:43:25,046 --> 00:43:28,935
even though they're
frail and eat poorly.

526
00:43:30,447 --> 00:43:33,818
Look how arid this region is.

527
00:43:35,289 --> 00:43:38,626
It's like a piece of
the Sahel in Brazil.

528
00:43:42,131 --> 00:43:44,115
Here, on the road...

529
00:43:44,213 --> 00:43:47,031
people are leaving,
never to return.

530
00:43:47,854 --> 00:43:50,593
Sometimes it's so dry,
so difficult here...

531
00:43:50,695 --> 00:43:53,435
that people migrate
to the southern cities.

532
00:43:53,536 --> 00:43:56,670
For them it's over,
they abandon the land.

533
00:44:23,267 --> 00:44:24,259
(SEBASTIÃO SR.
SPEAKING PORTUGUESE)

534
00:44:24,347 --> 00:44:26,016
For many years now...

535
00:44:26,108 --> 00:44:30,436
we've been suffering
from a lack of rain.

536
00:44:40,474 --> 00:44:45,637
There were a lot of
cattle here before...

537
00:44:45,755 --> 00:44:47,976
but they're all gone now.

538
00:44:49,037 --> 00:44:50,942
There have been
severe droughts.

539
00:44:51,037 --> 00:44:54,724
The pastures are gone,
it doesn't pay anymore.

540
00:44:55,439 --> 00:44:56,397
(JULIANO SPEAKING
PORTUGUESE)

541
00:44:56,479 --> 00:44:57,630
Why has it gone, Grandfather?

542
00:44:57,720 --> 00:44:59,986
Because of the drought.

543
00:45:02,282 --> 00:45:06,611
We replanted, but there's
not a blade of grass left.

544
00:45:06,763 --> 00:45:08,747
It wasn't that long ago.

545
00:45:09,484 --> 00:45:11,704
Your dad and I...

546
00:45:11,845 --> 00:45:14,821
we spent more than 20,000.

547
00:45:15,326 --> 00:45:16,442
Where did it go?

548
00:45:18,408 --> 00:45:20,470
This land was so plentiful.

549
00:45:21,169 --> 00:45:25,814
There were lots of birds...

550
00:45:25,930 --> 00:45:29,143
canaries and ticoticos...

551
00:45:30,292 --> 00:45:31,803
blackbirds...

552
00:45:33,253 --> 00:45:37,018
There used to be a great
forest on that hill...

553
00:45:37,135 --> 00:45:40,821
and another
forest over that hill.

554
00:45:41,936 --> 00:45:44,720
There has been
a lot of erosion.

555
00:45:44,817 --> 00:45:46,689
The hills are now barren.

556
00:45:46,778 --> 00:45:49,325
When it rains...

557
00:45:49,419 --> 00:45:53,071
there's nothing to
hold back the water.

558
00:45:53,221 --> 00:45:55,204
It's a disaster.

559
00:45:56,102 --> 00:45:58,165
I have no idea...

560
00:45:58,783 --> 00:46:01,680
how to stop it.

561
00:46:09,067 --> 00:46:10,059
(JULIANO SPEAKING
PORTUGUESE)

562
00:46:10,147 --> 00:46:13,484
Grandpa, were you
happy on this farm?

563
00:46:13,589 --> 00:46:14,580
Sorry?

564
00:46:14,668 --> 00:46:15,660
(JULIANO SPEAKING
PORTUGUESE)

565
00:46:15,749 --> 00:46:17,226
Were you happy here?

566
00:46:17,789 --> 00:46:19,458
(REPEATING QUESTION LOUDER)

567
00:46:19,591 --> 00:46:20,865
Was I happy?

568
00:46:20,951 --> 00:46:23,893
I was, because I was able
to provide an education...

569
00:46:23,992 --> 00:46:27,172
for my seven daughters...

570
00:46:27,274 --> 00:46:29,619
and Sebastião.

571
00:46:29,755 --> 00:46:32,934
I raised my children,
it was tough...

572
00:46:33,035 --> 00:46:34,591
but I'm happy I did it.

573
00:46:37,877 --> 00:46:41,924
I earned 100,000
from the woods alone...

574
00:46:42,039 --> 00:46:44,259
to put the children
through school.

575
00:46:44,359 --> 00:46:46,107
They were all
brought up well...

576
00:46:46,200 --> 00:46:49,615
well fed, properly dressed...

577
00:46:55,724 --> 00:46:57,517
<i>JULIANO: Since I first
came to Brazil,</i>

578
00:46:57,605 --> 00:47:00,028
<i>my grandfather's land
had always been this way,</i>

579
00:47:00,645 --> 00:47:03,779
<i>burnt and dried out.
(MOOING)</i>

580
00:47:04,327 --> 00:47:06,390
<i>When Sebastião
came back to the farm</i>

581
00:47:06,488 --> 00:47:09,070
<i>after his journeys
through North-East Brazil,</i>

582
00:47:09,169 --> 00:47:13,768
<i>the place was hardly the paradise
he had known as a child.</i>

583
00:47:13,891 --> 00:47:16,945
<i>But he had something
else on his mind,</i>

584
00:47:17,052 --> 00:47:20,231
<i>the suffering he had
witnessed changed him.</i>

585
00:47:21,213 --> 00:47:24,787
<i>His role as a photographer
took on a whole new meaning.</i>

586
00:47:24,935 --> 00:47:28,068
<i>We understood
the urgency he felt to leave.</i>

587
00:47:30,017 --> 00:47:32,159
<i>I still missed him a lot.</i>

588
00:47:33,698 --> 00:47:35,603
<i>But I understood.</i>

589
00:47:47,023 --> 00:47:51,702
<i>For his next project, which would take
him to the Sahel region of Africa,</i>

590
00:47:51,825 --> 00:47:55,556
<i>Sebastião started to work
with Doctors Without Borders.</i>

591
00:47:59,547 --> 00:48:00,585
(SEBASTIÃO SPEAKING FRENCH)

592
00:48:00,668 --> 00:48:03,847
I worked in
Ethiopia in 1984...

593
00:48:04,870 --> 00:48:09,626
and continued across the Sahel
in '85 and '86.

594
00:48:09,751 --> 00:48:13,562
I spent almost two
years in that region...

595
00:48:13,713 --> 00:48:17,084
reporting on the famine.

596
00:48:20,435 --> 00:48:22,656
There were refugee camps...

597
00:48:22,757 --> 00:48:25,857
the largest ever
seen in human history.

598
00:48:26,437 --> 00:48:29,334
And I really
wanted to show that.

599
00:48:29,438 --> 00:48:33,564
To show that a large
part of humanity...

600
00:48:33,720 --> 00:48:36,663
was suffering from
great distress...

601
00:48:36,761 --> 00:48:40,413
due to a problem of sharing...

602
00:48:41,043 --> 00:48:44,380
and not just
a natural disaster.

603
00:48:47,286 --> 00:48:49,992
This was a Coptic region.

604
00:48:50,126 --> 00:48:54,218
They are very strict Christians,
the Northern Ethiopians.

605
00:48:54,328 --> 00:48:56,988
They have great humility.

606
00:48:57,089 --> 00:48:59,795
Even with a dying child...

607
00:48:59,930 --> 00:49:02,590
they wouldn't get
in front of others.

608
00:49:02,691 --> 00:49:04,043
They'd rather wait.

609
00:49:11,134 --> 00:49:13,276
Look at the
state of the people.

610
00:49:15,936 --> 00:49:18,800
At that stage,
they've no strength left.

611
00:49:20,017 --> 00:49:23,467
They say people die of famine.

612
00:49:23,579 --> 00:49:27,153
Famine weakens the body...

613
00:49:27,300 --> 00:49:30,164
but it's the parallel
diseases that kill.

614
00:49:32,342 --> 00:49:36,750
When you catch cholera,
the dehydration is so fast...

615
00:49:36,864 --> 00:49:41,384
that you lose 12 liters of
water a day from diarrhea.

616
00:49:42,146 --> 00:49:44,175
You die in two or three days.

617
00:49:49,429 --> 00:49:51,379
Such young faces...

618
00:49:52,469 --> 00:49:56,121
aged from so much suffering.

619
00:49:56,871 --> 00:50:00,208
If you look at his forehead,
he's not an old man.

620
00:50:00,313 --> 00:50:03,413
What's old about him
is the emptiness in his eyes.

621
00:50:04,235 --> 00:50:07,492
Look how young she is,
look at their baby!

622
00:50:08,115 --> 00:50:09,592
He's her husband.

623
00:50:14,438 --> 00:50:16,580
Most deaths were at night...

624
00:50:16,719 --> 00:50:18,071
from the cold.

625
00:50:21,681 --> 00:50:25,649
Dying here was really
a continuation of life.

626
00:50:25,763 --> 00:50:27,589
The people were used to dying.

627
00:50:30,444 --> 00:50:32,901
A husband is washing
his wife to bury her.

628
00:50:36,846 --> 00:50:40,735
In his mountain clothes,
his goat skin...

629
00:50:45,130 --> 00:50:46,528
A very young woman.

630
00:50:52,492 --> 00:50:54,521
In the Coptic ritual...

631
00:50:54,613 --> 00:50:58,626
the body has to be clean
when it comes before God.

632
00:50:58,774 --> 00:51:01,829
You have to
wash it all over...

633
00:51:02,776 --> 00:51:04,918
even if there's
very little water.

634
00:51:08,738 --> 00:51:12,346
With each dying person
a piece of everyone else dies.

635
00:51:21,543 --> 00:51:24,327
A father is preparing
his son for burial...

636
00:51:24,424 --> 00:51:26,803
saying his last goodbye.

637
00:51:30,106 --> 00:51:33,003
Family members
usually prepare their dead.

638
00:51:41,271 --> 00:51:42,826
Knowing that a government...

639
00:51:42,911 --> 00:51:47,746
is withholding food
from its people...

640
00:51:47,873 --> 00:51:50,849
as was the actual case here...

641
00:51:50,954 --> 00:51:53,818
in this camp in
Northern Ethiopia...

642
00:51:53,915 --> 00:51:58,277
That was brutal
political dishonesty.

643
00:52:13,482 --> 00:52:17,844
I returned to Ethiopia
at the end of 1984.

644
00:52:18,404 --> 00:52:20,433
The guerillas
knew the government

645
00:52:20,525 --> 00:52:22,949
was about to drive
these people out...

646
00:52:23,085 --> 00:52:26,219
so they started evacuating
people towards Sudan.

647
00:52:27,007 --> 00:52:29,667
They left from
all over Tigray.

648
00:52:33,730 --> 00:52:36,277
We were attacked
by two helicopters.

649
00:52:36,451 --> 00:52:40,137
Mi-24s.
Very fast combat helicopters.

650
00:52:40,292 --> 00:52:42,749
They shot at the people
with machine-guns.

651
00:52:44,254 --> 00:52:46,633
I took a photo and then I ran.

652
00:52:50,776 --> 00:52:53,042
There were many
pregnant women...

653
00:52:53,137 --> 00:52:58,616
hoping that when they'd arrive
they'd find food and water.

654
00:52:58,740 --> 00:53:01,479
That they'd finally reach
the promised land.

655
00:53:06,062 --> 00:53:08,012
I must have spent...

656
00:53:09,263 --> 00:53:11,169
at least two months there.

657
00:53:12,145 --> 00:53:14,050
And when I arrived in Sudan...

658
00:53:14,145 --> 00:53:17,482
I did a lot of work on the
arrival of these people.

659
00:53:21,988 --> 00:53:24,287
This man had
come from Ethiopia.

660
00:53:24,388 --> 00:53:27,646
His camel had reached its limit.
Maybe it was dead.

661
00:53:27,750 --> 00:53:30,332
But the man was
holding on and on...

662
00:53:30,431 --> 00:53:33,452
Yet when he reached the
doctors, his child was dead.

663
00:53:35,793 --> 00:53:37,428
After such a long march.

664
00:53:45,997 --> 00:53:49,176
Doctors Without Borders
had to give up this camp.

665
00:53:49,839 --> 00:53:52,656
Water is essential
in these camps...

666
00:53:52,759 --> 00:53:54,585
and it had
become a huge problem.

667
00:53:54,680 --> 00:53:57,860
So they had to move the camp
as fast as possible.

668
00:54:02,203 --> 00:54:06,566
People were
crammed into UN trucks...

669
00:54:06,684 --> 00:54:10,021
to take them to a new camp...

670
00:54:10,166 --> 00:54:13,581
on a beautiful and
fertile piece of land...

671
00:54:13,687 --> 00:54:16,234
on the banks of the Blue Nile.

672
00:54:17,249 --> 00:54:20,699
I rode on this truck for at
least 300 or 400 kilometers.

673
00:54:25,051 --> 00:54:27,474
These are two friends...

674
00:54:27,572 --> 00:54:31,777
pretending it was
a normal Sunday afternoon...

675
00:54:31,894 --> 00:54:34,915
sitting under a tree,
telling stories...

676
00:54:39,176 --> 00:54:41,803
There's lots of
water by the Nile,

677
00:54:41,898 --> 00:54:44,197
but that's where
the people died...

678
00:54:44,938 --> 00:54:46,212
because“.

679
00:54:46,779 --> 00:54:48,808
There was nothing to eat.

680
00:54:48,900 --> 00:54:51,764
They were in the final stages
of their distress.

681
00:54:55,583 --> 00:54:59,832
They'd forgotten to bring
food, or hadn't been able to.

682
00:54:59,984 --> 00:55:02,802
The food distribution
had gone wrong.

683
00:55:02,945 --> 00:55:05,166
These people had
held on so long...

684
00:55:05,267 --> 00:55:08,084
but when they got there,
they could no more.

685
00:55:19,952 --> 00:55:21,665
I went to Mali.

686
00:55:22,873 --> 00:55:25,297
There was a severe
drought there too.

687
00:55:27,435 --> 00:55:30,252
The skin becomes
like tree bark...

688
00:55:30,995 --> 00:55:34,287
like a tree marked
by the desert wind...

689
00:55:35,238 --> 00:55:38,056
by sandstorm
after sandstorm...

690
00:55:48,362 --> 00:55:50,391
There were only
women and kids.

691
00:55:50,484 --> 00:55:53,189
The men had left
to work in Libya...

692
00:55:53,284 --> 00:55:58,323
or headed for the Ivory Coast,
looking for work...

693
00:55:58,486 --> 00:56:02,375
promising to return
and bring food for the family.

694
00:56:02,528 --> 00:56:04,748
But very few came back.

695
00:56:15,372 --> 00:56:17,322
They were all saved...

696
00:56:17,413 --> 00:56:20,310
because Doctors Without
Borders did great work.

697
00:56:20,414 --> 00:56:23,705
They brought assistance
to this whole area.

698
00:56:26,337 --> 00:56:29,911
This is a friend,
Luc, a Belgian doctor.

699
00:56:30,938 --> 00:56:35,503
Measuring a kid, weighing him.

700
00:56:38,060 --> 00:56:41,668
In two or three weeks these
children completely recover.

701
00:56:41,783 --> 00:56:44,285
They're marked by it,
all their lives...

702
00:56:44,383 --> 00:56:48,238
having experienced such
deprivation while growing up.

703
00:56:54,067 --> 00:56:56,367
This boy was alone...

704
00:56:56,468 --> 00:56:59,681
with his instrument, his
little guitar, in his hand...

705
00:56:59,789 --> 00:57:03,520
With his rag of a shirt
still hanging on him.

706
00:57:03,631 --> 00:57:05,457
No trousers, nothing.

707
00:57:06,791 --> 00:57:10,680
Look at his determination,
his posture.

708
00:57:10,793 --> 00:57:14,287
He knew where he was going.

709
00:57:14,394 --> 00:57:18,407
Looking for other groups,
looking for a village...

710
00:57:19,797 --> 00:57:21,071
with his dog...

711
00:57:21,157 --> 00:57:23,660
A boy of eight or nine.

712
00:57:29,681 --> 00:57:35,667
<i>WENDERS: Sebastião became very attached to
the people in the Sahel region of Africa.</i>

713
00:57:35,802 --> 00:57:37,989
<i>He returned over
and over again.</i>

714
00:57:39,484 --> 00:57:41,784
<i>His photographs,
the book and the exhibition</i>

715
00:57:41,924 --> 00:57:44,224
<i>that Lélia edited
and put together</i>

716
00:57:44,326 --> 00:57:46,829
<i>called worldwide
attention to these droughts</i>

717
00:57:46,927 --> 00:57:49,429
<i>and their threats
to millions of lives,</i>

718
00:57:49,527 --> 00:57:51,116
<i>and opened questions.</i>

719
00:57:51,209 --> 00:57:54,026
<i>What had caused these
conditions in the first place?</i>

720
00:57:55,930 --> 00:57:58,038
<i>Afterwards,
Sebastião turned to a subject</i>

721
00:57:58,131 --> 00:58:00,588
<i>that would take
another six years</i>

722
00:58:00,732 --> 00:58:04,903
<i>and countless journeys to almost
30 countries all over the globe.</i>

723
00:58:05,053 --> 00:58:09,101
<i>Workers, the third huge volume
of photographs</i>

724
00:58:09,215 --> 00:58:11,514
<i>he and Lélia
conceived together.</i>

725
00:58:11,616 --> 00:58:12,608
(SPEAKING FRENCH)

726
00:58:12,696 --> 00:58:15,243
I wanted to pay homage...

727
00:58:15,817 --> 00:58:19,864
to all the men and women
who built the world around us.

728
00:58:20,739 --> 00:58:23,039
An archeology of
the industrial era.

729
00:58:23,981 --> 00:58:27,160
<i>WENDERS:  Sebastião and Lélia
did extended research</i>

730
00:58:27,261 --> 00:58:30,001
<i>and planned
Workers meticulously.</i>

731
00:58:30,103 --> 00:58:34,544
<i>And then he traveled again, to
the four corners of the world,</i>

732
00:58:34,664 --> 00:58:38,238
<i>photographing steelworkers
in the Soviet Union,</i>

733
00:58:38,346 --> 00:58:41,163
<i>living with ship
breakers in Bangladesh,</i>

734
00:58:41,266 --> 00:58:45,077
<i>going to sea with fishermen
in Galicia and Sicily,</i>

735
00:58:45,189 --> 00:58:48,210
<i>showing the mechanical
production of cars in Calcutta,</i>

736
00:58:48,310 --> 00:58:50,609
<i>observing tea
pickers in Rwanda,</i>

737
00:58:50,710 --> 00:58:54,001
<i>a country he had first
gone as an economist.</i>

738
00:58:54,111 --> 00:58:58,237
<i>He came on a different mission
now, with a changed view,</i>

739
00:58:58,393 --> 00:59:00,693
<i>but he was still the same man,</i>

740
00:59:00,794 --> 00:59:04,401
<i>driven by the same empathy
for the human condition.</i>

741
00:59:05,276 --> 00:59:07,700
<i>Each of these
chapters of Workers</i>

742
00:59:07,797 --> 00:59:10,694
<i>meant that Sebastião
would immerse completely</i>

743
00:59:10,798 --> 00:59:13,615
<i>in that particular
field of manual labor.</i>

744
00:59:14,240 --> 00:59:18,287
<i>Like the weeks he spent with the
gold diggers at the Serra-Pelada.</i>

745
00:59:20,081 --> 00:59:23,733
<i>In 1991, at the end
of the first Gulf War,</i>

746
00:59:23,843 --> 00:59:27,101
<i>if you remember,
the Iraqi troops withdrew</i>

747
00:59:27,204 --> 00:59:31,216
<i>and Saddam Hussein set fire
to hundreds of oil wells.</i>

748
00:59:31,325 --> 00:59:33,985
<i>An army of firefighters
from all over the world</i>

749
00:59:34,086 --> 00:59:36,589
<i>moved to
the burning oil fields.</i>

750
00:59:36,687 --> 00:59:39,900
<i>Sebastião just
had to go as well,</i>

751
00:59:40,009 --> 00:59:43,267
<i>driven by a curiosity
for this explosive profession.</i>

752
00:59:43,530 --> 00:59:46,901
(EXPLOSION RUMBLING,
INDISTINCT BROADCASTS PLAYING)

753
00:59:51,373 --> 00:59:52,410
(SEBASTIÃO SPEAKING FRENCH)

754
00:59:52,493 --> 00:59:56,145
As soon as I saw
the first images on TV...

755
00:59:56,855 --> 00:59:59,278
I felt the urge to
cover this story.

756
01:00:01,537 --> 01:00:04,671
It was like working
in a huge theater.

757
01:00:05,418 --> 01:00:07,875
500 oil wells burning.

758
01:00:07,979 --> 01:00:11,158
A giant stage,
the size of the planet.

759
01:00:12,901 --> 01:00:16,001
No restrictions,
you could go where you wanted.

760
01:00:18,583 --> 01:00:22,708
There was a discharge
of heavy oil smoke.

761
01:00:23,265 --> 01:00:27,549
The smoke was so dense,
the sun couldn't cut through.

762
01:00:28,787 --> 01:00:34,851
There were days when it was
dark for 24 hours straight.

763
01:00:41,591 --> 01:00:43,339
Once a fire was put out...

764
01:00:43,432 --> 01:00:46,375
the earth was still very hot.

765
01:00:46,474 --> 01:00:50,565
They had to pour a huge amount
of water on to cool it.

766
01:00:50,715 --> 01:00:54,886
If not,
the oil would just re-ignite.

767
01:00:56,958 --> 01:00:58,547
But despite that...

768
01:00:58,638 --> 01:01:01,929
there'd sometimes be an
explosion, like a cannon shot.

769
01:01:03,960 --> 01:01:06,181
The noise was so deafening...

770
01:01:06,320 --> 01:01:09,297
it was like working
next to a jet engine.

771
01:01:10,963 --> 01:01:12,947
Now I'm a little deaf.

772
01:01:13,483 --> 01:01:15,467
That's where my
deafness began.

773
01:01:32,370 --> 01:01:33,846
These are Canadians...

774
01:01:33,932 --> 01:01:36,310
a unit of firefighters
from Calgary.

775
01:01:38,173 --> 01:01:40,755
They'd brought
a beautiful red truck.

776
01:01:40,854 --> 01:01:44,304
And it was their rule,
once they'd put out a fire...

777
01:01:44,455 --> 01:01:47,589
to wash the truck
every evening.

778
01:01:47,696 --> 01:01:51,033
And in the morning
it'd be covered in oil again.

779
01:01:57,020 --> 01:01:58,846
A hellish job!

780
01:02:02,222 --> 01:02:05,592
I put off my departure
at least 2 or 3 times...

781
01:02:05,703 --> 01:02:08,003
until I really had to leave.

782
01:02:08,104 --> 01:02:11,361
But it broke my heart...

783
01:02:11,465 --> 01:02:15,117
to abandon this
vast spectacle.

784
01:02:17,227 --> 01:02:19,133
I roamed around.

785
01:02:19,228 --> 01:02:21,967
And very close to the end...

786
01:02:22,069 --> 01:02:25,958
we were driving by
this long wall...

787
01:02:26,071 --> 01:02:29,881
- That day I was with a journalist
from The New York Times -

788
01:02:29,992 --> 01:02:34,952
Since it was a no-man's-land,
ruined by war...

789
01:02:35,074 --> 01:02:36,979
we broke down the gate.

790
01:02:37,074 --> 01:02:38,472
And inside...

791
01:02:39,276 --> 01:02:41,823
we found a sort of...

792
01:02:41,916 --> 01:02:43,427
paradise...

793
01:02:43,517 --> 01:02:45,580
that had turned into hell.

794
01:02:46,278 --> 01:02:50,246
It was a garden belonging to
the Kuwaiti royal family...

795
01:02:50,439 --> 01:02:51,555
(HORSE NICKERING)

796
01:02:51,680 --> 01:02:54,734
with horses, thoroughbreds...

797
01:02:54,841 --> 01:02:58,415
that had gone completely,
desperately insane.

798
01:02:59,683 --> 01:03:03,335
Animals are the first
to flee from a catastrophe...

799
01:03:03,444 --> 01:03:05,507
when they're free to leave.

800
01:03:06,325 --> 01:03:08,151
But here, they weren't.

801
01:03:09,647 --> 01:03:12,590
There were birds there too,
it was an oasis...

802
01:03:12,688 --> 01:03:14,830
very well irrigated.

803
01:03:15,649 --> 01:03:20,294
<i>Birds who couldn't fly anymore as
 their feathers were stuck together.</i>

804
01:03:23,532 --> 01:03:27,296
The Kuwaitis fled when they felt
the disaster approaching...

805
01:03:28,173 --> 01:03:31,228
leaving behind
the imprisoned animals...

806
01:03:31,335 --> 01:03:34,942
and the Bedouins whom they didn't
really consider as humans.

807
01:03:36,537 --> 01:03:41,136
<i>WENDERS: Workers finally united the
economist in Sebastião Salgado</i>

808
01:03:41,258 --> 01:03:43,998
<i>and the artist he had become.</i>

809
01:03:44,100 --> 01:03:47,313
<i>The pictures appeared in
most of the great magazines,</i>

810
01:03:47,421 --> 01:03:49,607
<i>the exhibition
traveled all over the world,</i>

811
01:03:49,701 --> 01:03:52,001
<i>and the book came
out in many languages.</i>

812
01:03:53,703 --> 01:03:56,521
<i>But Sebastião and
Lélia wouldn't rest.</i>

813
01:03:57,465 --> 01:03:59,054
<i>They immediately
started to work</i>

814
01:03:59,145 --> 01:04:02,358
<i>on another major
phase of his photography.</i>

815
01:04:02,466 --> 01:04:06,479
<i>They realized that one of the
burning subjects of our times</i>

816
01:04:06,588 --> 01:04:09,801
<i>was the displacement
of entire populations</i>

817
01:04:09,910 --> 01:04:13,483
<i>by wars, famines or the rules
of the global marketplace.</i>

818
01:04:14,751 --> 01:04:18,438
<i>So while Europe was starting
to close its borders,</i>

819
01:04:18,552 --> 01:04:22,723
<i>Sebastião was trying to shine a
light on the fates of the outcast.</i>

820
01:04:24,314 --> 01:04:28,756
<i>Again, he and Lélia did all the
research and planning together,</i>

821
01:04:28,877 --> 01:04:30,985
<i>and again,
she was the driving force</i>

822
01:04:31,077 --> 01:04:34,842
<i>behind this new chapter in their
lives, which they called “Exodus"</i>

823
01:04:38,080 --> 01:04:39,906
<i>It created
a worldwide awareness</i>

824
01:04:40,001 --> 01:04:42,346
<i>for the fate of
all these refugees</i>

825
01:04:42,441 --> 01:04:44,661
<i>in India, Vietnam,
the Philippines,</i>

826
01:04:44,762 --> 01:04:48,573
<i>South America, Palestine, Iraq
and many other places.</i>

827
01:04:49,604 --> 01:04:51,791
<i>But Sebastião, over and over,</i>

828
01:04:51,885 --> 01:04:53,113
<i>returned to the continent</i>

829
01:04:53,206 --> 01:04:56,576
<i>that had caught his imagination
for so long already,</i>

830
01:04:57,607 --> 01:04:59,400
<i>to Africa.</i>

831
01:05:09,052 --> 01:05:10,043
(SEBASTIÃO SPEAKING FRENCH)

832
01:05:10,132 --> 01:05:13,265
I was doing my project on
the displacement of peoples...

833
01:05:13,373 --> 01:05:15,357
in 1994...

834
01:05:15,974 --> 01:05:19,265
when the president
of Rwanda...

835
01:05:19,856 --> 01:05:21,839
his plane was shot down.

836
01:05:22,657 --> 01:05:25,914
That started a huge exodus
towards Tanzania...

837
01:05:26,017 --> 01:05:30,143
due to the brutal repression
of the Tutsis in Rwanda.

838
01:05:32,700 --> 01:05:35,642
I was one of
the first to arrive there.

839
01:05:36,542 --> 01:05:38,921
The catastrophe
was everywhere.

840
01:05:39,023 --> 01:05:41,525
People were
fleeing to Burundi...

841
01:05:41,624 --> 01:05:44,002
to the Congo, to Uganda...

842
01:05:44,104 --> 01:05:46,325
They were leaving
in all directions.

843
01:05:50,187 --> 01:05:54,042
The roads were
already full of people...

844
01:05:57,389 --> 01:05:59,610
People sleeping
by the roadsides...

845
01:05:59,710 --> 01:06:03,520
carrying all their
belongings on bicycles...

846
01:06:03,672 --> 01:06:06,569
fleeing with
whatever they could take.

847
01:06:08,233 --> 01:06:11,176
We headed in
the opposite direction...

848
01:06:11,275 --> 01:06:14,488
towards the border.

849
01:06:14,596 --> 01:06:17,380
There was no border
control whatsoever.

850
01:06:17,477 --> 01:06:21,242
I entered Rwanda,
and it was terrifying.

851
01:06:21,918 --> 01:06:25,650
The number of dead bodies
I saw on that road...

852
01:06:28,921 --> 01:06:30,905
Here, a grenade
had exploded.

853
01:06:31,722 --> 01:06:35,250
Those not killed by the grenade
were killed with machetes.

854
01:06:36,924 --> 01:06:40,419
There, I began to sense...

855
01:06:40,526 --> 01:06:44,054
the sheer scale of the
disaster I was witnessing.

856
01:06:45,087 --> 01:06:47,466
A genocide was
in progress here.

857
01:06:50,930 --> 01:06:55,811
It was 150 kilometers
by road to Kigali...

858
01:06:55,931 --> 01:06:58,388
150 kilometers
of dead bodies...

859
01:07:07,135 --> 01:07:10,472
I turned back, because my
story was about people.

860
01:07:10,617 --> 01:07:14,742
I was doing my book on refugees,
I was working on Exodus-

861
01:07:14,858 --> 01:07:17,564
I started going
into the camps...

862
01:07:17,659 --> 01:07:19,294
and I began to see...

863
01:07:19,420 --> 01:07:23,151
the sheer number of people
leaving Rwanda.

864
01:07:25,142 --> 01:07:28,197
Hell was taking
the place of paradise.

865
01:07:29,504 --> 01:07:31,724
It was frightening...

866
01:07:31,825 --> 01:07:35,432
to see, on such
a beautiful savanna...

867
01:07:35,546 --> 01:07:38,646
this mega city springing up.

868
01:07:41,108 --> 01:07:44,636
Within days, there were
almost a million people here.

869
01:07:51,872 --> 01:07:55,884
Among all this distress, one
thing that really moved me...

870
01:07:56,034 --> 01:07:59,404
was the relationship between
this mother and her child...

871
01:07:59,514 --> 01:08:03,166
and the child's
trust in its mother.

872
01:08:16,601 --> 01:08:18,190
Violence...

873
01:08:18,882 --> 01:08:20,550
and brutality...

874
01:08:20,642 --> 01:08:24,013
are not the monopoly...

875
01:08:24,124 --> 01:08:26,153
of remote countries.

876
01:08:26,245 --> 01:08:29,458
It happened right here, in
Europe, in ex-Yugoslavia.

877
01:08:29,566 --> 01:08:31,708
It was very shocking.

878
01:08:34,248 --> 01:08:38,216
A bus coming from Krajina
through Croatia...

879
01:08:39,450 --> 01:08:41,873
a person was killed
through that hole.

880
01:08:41,971 --> 01:08:45,939
<i>The Croats killed lots of people
too as they left Krajina.</i>

881
01:08:46,733 --> 01:08:48,525
Violence was everywhere.

882
01:08:48,613 --> 01:08:52,028
But what disgusted me most...

883
01:08:52,134 --> 01:08:55,945
was to see how
contagious hatred was.

884
01:08:56,776 --> 01:08:59,594
These people too saw violence.

885
01:08:59,698 --> 01:09:01,016
Entire families...

886
01:09:01,138 --> 01:09:04,553
the whole Serbian population
of Krajina was expelled.

887
01:09:07,300 --> 01:09:10,163
And overnight,
they found themselves...

888
01:09:10,261 --> 01:09:14,308
evicted from their homes,
looking for a place to go...

889
01:09:14,423 --> 01:09:17,951
having their next-door
neighbors shooting at them.

890
01:09:33,830 --> 01:09:36,693
These were refugee camps
not far from Tuzla...

891
01:09:37,391 --> 01:09:40,412
in central Bosnia.

892
01:09:40,513 --> 01:09:43,567
These families had left
the enclave of Zepa...

893
01:09:43,673 --> 01:09:47,607
where Serbs murdered
thousands of young men.

894
01:09:48,636 --> 01:09:50,428
We were there at
the very moment

895
01:09:50,516 --> 01:09:53,334
when the families
were arriving...

896
01:09:54,398 --> 01:09:57,025
in a state of great distress.

897
01:10:08,363 --> 01:10:11,068
There were only women,
old men...

898
01:10:12,044 --> 01:10:13,273
and children.

899
01:10:13,405 --> 01:10:17,496
The younger men had all
been held and murdered.

900
01:10:23,969 --> 01:10:26,990
It was strange that this
was happening in Europe...

901
01:10:27,130 --> 01:10:30,072
at the end of
the 20th century.

902
01:10:30,611 --> 01:10:32,122
From the cars alone...

903
01:10:32,212 --> 01:10:36,146
you can see these people
had a standard of living...

904
01:10:36,253 --> 01:10:38,519
a European
standard of living...

905
01:10:38,614 --> 01:10:41,478
a European
intellectual level...

906
01:10:41,576 --> 01:10:43,875
a European infrastructure.

907
01:10:43,976 --> 01:10:45,848
And they lost everything.

908
01:10:49,939 --> 01:10:53,794
Hundreds of kilometers,
crowded with people and cars.

909
01:10:58,101 --> 01:10:59,849
We are a ferocious animal.

910
01:10:59,942 --> 01:11:02,760
We humans are
terrible animals.

911
01:11:04,304 --> 01:11:08,035
Here in Europe, in Africa, in
South America, everywhere...

912
01:11:08,185 --> 01:11:10,812
we are extremely violent.

913
01:11:17,749 --> 01:11:19,936
Our history is
a history of wars.

914
01:11:27,152 --> 01:11:28,741
It's an endless story...

915
01:11:28,833 --> 01:11:30,941
a story of repression...

916
01:11:31,034 --> 01:11:32,702
a tale of madness.

917
01:11:41,678 --> 01:11:44,541
The situation in
Rwanda kept changing.

918
01:11:44,639 --> 01:11:48,731
The Hutu army, which was ruling
the country, was defeated...

919
01:11:48,840 --> 01:11:53,799
and retreated into the Congo,
to the Goma region.

920
01:11:55,243 --> 01:11:59,763
First, the Tutsis had fled
the Hutu barbarity.

921
01:11:59,924 --> 01:12:01,830
And then, the Hutus...

922
01:12:01,925 --> 01:12:04,472
fled the Tutsi occupation.

923
01:12:04,566 --> 01:12:06,674
So everybody fled, in turn.

924
01:12:09,888 --> 01:12:11,760
In just a few days...

925
01:12:11,849 --> 01:12:14,825
in July 1994...

926
01:12:14,930 --> 01:12:16,283
the Goma region...

927
01:12:16,371 --> 01:12:19,347
received more than
2 million people.

928
01:12:20,972 --> 01:12:23,554
It was a disaster
in the making.

929
01:12:26,575 --> 01:12:29,472
Diseases such as cholera
started spreading...

930
01:12:29,576 --> 01:12:33,747
and the people
began to die like ants.

931
01:12:33,857 --> 01:12:36,877
12 to 15 thousand
died every day.

932
01:12:41,100 --> 01:12:43,963
I was taking photos
of these piles of corpses...

933
01:12:44,581 --> 01:12:47,558
when I saw the dad
coming with his kid.

934
01:12:47,662 --> 01:12:49,173
He threw him on the pile...

935
01:12:49,263 --> 01:12:53,591
and left with his friend, chatting
as if nothing had happened.

936
01:13:00,307 --> 01:13:03,440
They couldn't
bury all the people.

937
01:13:04,469 --> 01:13:07,523
So a bulldozer came
from the French army...

938
01:13:07,629 --> 01:13:11,518
which took dozens at a time...

939
01:13:11,631 --> 01:13:13,694
laid them out on the ground...

940
01:13:13,792 --> 01:13:16,498
and covered them with earth.

941
01:13:33,879 --> 01:13:36,663
Everybody should
see these images...

942
01:13:36,760 --> 01:13:39,657
to see how
terrible our species is.

943
01:13:46,324 --> 01:13:49,615
Orphan kids,
who were on the road.

944
01:13:51,606 --> 01:13:53,037
Three children...

945
01:13:53,166 --> 01:13:56,740
the two with the livelier eyes
would live.

946
01:13:56,848 --> 01:14:00,816
The one whose eyes
are clouded was dying.

947
01:14:03,531 --> 01:14:06,507
When I got out of there,
I was ill...

948
01:14:06,612 --> 01:14:09,159
my body was very sick.

949
01:14:09,252 --> 01:14:12,939
I didn't have any
infectious diseases...

950
01:14:13,054 --> 01:14:15,003
but my soul was sick.

951
01:14:19,897 --> 01:14:23,944
I went back to Rwanda
one year after the disaster...

952
01:14:24,058 --> 01:14:29,254
to cover the return of the Hutus
who'd been in the Congo...

953
01:14:29,420 --> 01:14:30,975
and had nowhere to go.

954
01:14:31,061 --> 01:14:35,547
The United Nations started
forcing them to return.

955
01:14:46,587 --> 01:14:50,712
You felt the whole planet was
covered with refugee tents.

956
01:15:03,953 --> 01:15:06,015
After working there...

957
01:15:06,113 --> 01:15:10,679
the Tutsi authorities
suggested that I should see...

958
01:15:10,796 --> 01:15:14,684
a few of the places where
the massacres had occurred.

959
01:15:21,439 --> 01:15:26,275
People had fled to a church,
believing they'd be safe.

960
01:15:27,121 --> 01:15:29,500
All murdered!

961
01:15:36,165 --> 01:15:38,622
Here, it happened in a school.

962
01:15:38,806 --> 01:15:43,529
You can still see what was written
on the blackboard that day.

963
01:15:43,688 --> 01:15:45,717
It was terrifying.

964
01:15:59,694 --> 01:16:03,899
The people who had left Rwanda,
about 2 million refugees...

965
01:16:04,015 --> 01:16:06,675
some went back to Rwanda...

966
01:16:06,776 --> 01:16:09,482
but others were
afraid of the repression.

967
01:16:09,577 --> 01:16:14,660
So a column of about 250,000
people left the city of Goma...

968
01:16:14,779 --> 01:16:17,045
and entered the Congo forest.

969
01:16:20,181 --> 01:16:21,455
We lost track of them.

970
01:16:21,542 --> 01:16:25,510
Everybody knew there were
250,000 lost people.

971
01:16:25,664 --> 01:16:27,569
Nobody knew where they were.

972
01:16:30,225 --> 01:16:32,175
Six months later...

973
01:16:32,746 --> 01:16:37,345
they started appearing near Kisangani,
in the center of the Congo.

974
01:16:39,789 --> 01:16:43,441
They'd lived in
the forest for 6 months.

975
01:16:44,590 --> 01:16:49,708
So the UN took me there.

976
01:16:51,033 --> 01:16:54,087
There was a train
and I took it.

977
01:16:55,274 --> 01:16:58,611
It was dropping off food,
then heading back.

978
01:16:58,715 --> 01:17:00,620
But I said, "I'm staying."

979
01:17:00,717 --> 01:17:02,588
(BRAKE SQUEALING,
STEAM HISSING)

980
01:17:06,279 --> 01:17:11,272
I spent three days with these
people, who kept arriving.

981
01:17:11,440 --> 01:17:13,988
Columns and columns of them...

982
01:17:16,482 --> 01:17:19,853
To think that when they left
they were 250,000...

983
01:17:19,964 --> 01:17:22,985
and only 40,000 made it here!

984
01:17:23,085 --> 01:17:26,771
210,000 people were missing!

985
01:17:37,010 --> 01:17:39,557
Yet at the same time,
life went on.

986
01:17:39,651 --> 01:17:43,822
A guy cutting hair...

987
01:17:45,093 --> 01:17:47,550
Or even this Congolese guy...

988
01:17:47,694 --> 01:17:49,486
with his calculator...

989
01:17:50,495 --> 01:17:53,549
who was trying to collect...

990
01:17:53,696 --> 01:17:57,664
the few dollars he was
sure people had on them...

991
01:17:57,778 --> 01:18:01,543
which he was trying to exchange,
in the middle of nowhere!

992
01:18:01,659 --> 01:18:04,680
In the middle of
a remote forest.

993
01:18:11,862 --> 01:18:13,013
At that time...

994
01:18:13,703 --> 01:18:18,223
the pro-Tutsi guerilla movement
that had seized Kisangani...

995
01:18:18,345 --> 01:18:21,005
began to expel
these people again...

996
01:18:21,106 --> 01:18:22,617
to send them back.

997
01:18:22,707 --> 01:18:27,115
Six months to get there,
and now back to Rwanda!

998
01:18:27,229 --> 01:18:29,416
They began to
kill some of them.

999
01:18:30,430 --> 01:18:34,714
There, I met people who just
couldn't take any more.

1000
01:18:35,632 --> 01:18:38,416
Who started to be delirious...

1001
01:18:38,553 --> 01:18:40,503
losing their minds...

1002
01:18:40,593 --> 01:18:42,104
They were driven mad.

1003
01:18:47,436 --> 01:18:51,044
In fact, those people
who were expelled...

1004
01:18:51,238 --> 01:18:53,583
were never heard from again.

1005
01:18:54,959 --> 01:18:57,416
I believe they
were all murdered.

1006
01:19:05,203 --> 01:19:10,523
That was my last trip, that
disastrous time in Rwanda.

1007
01:19:14,166 --> 01:19:16,149
When I left there...

1008
01:19:17,808 --> 01:19:19,916
l no longer
believed in anything,

1009
01:19:20,008 --> 01:19:22,590
in any salvation
for the human species.

1010
01:19:22,689 --> 01:19:25,395
You couldn't
survive such a thing.

1011
01:19:25,490 --> 01:19:27,282
We didn't deserve to live.

1012
01:19:27,411 --> 01:19:29,316
No one deserved to live.

1013
01:19:39,536 --> 01:19:44,451
How many times did I lay my cameras
down to cry over what I'd seen?

1014
01:19:50,859 --> 01:19:54,467
<i>WENDERS: Sebastião had seen
into the heart of darkness</i>

1015
01:19:55,141 --> 01:19:58,996
<i>and deeply questioned his work
as a social photographer</i>

1016
01:19:59,102 --> 01:20:01,729
<i>and a witness of
the human condition.</i>

1017
01:20:02,544 --> 01:20:05,994
<i>What was left for
him to do after Rwanda?</i>

1018
01:20:13,949 --> 01:20:17,838
<i>JULIANO: In that time, my
grandfather's health had worsened.</i>

1019
01:20:19,190 --> 01:20:23,045
<i>My parents had to return to
Brazil to take care of the farm.</i>

1020
01:20:23,872 --> 01:20:26,454
<i>It was nothing
but a wasteland.</i>

1021
01:20:26,553 --> 01:20:29,056
<i>They didn't know
what to do with it.</i>

1022
01:20:29,715 --> 01:20:33,999
<i>The birds, the alligators and
the majestic forests were gone.</i>

1023
01:20:34,116 --> 01:20:38,128
<i>There was nothing left from
Sebastião's childhood memories.</i>

1024
01:20:41,958 --> 01:20:45,374
<i>And then Lélia came up
with a surprising idea.</i>

1025
01:20:45,520 --> 01:20:49,769
<i>"Why don't we replant the
forest that was here before?"</i>

1026
01:20:52,242 --> 01:20:54,114
<i>WENDERS: The forest
that was there before</i>

1027
01:20:54,203 --> 01:20:56,987
<i>and had once spread
over all these hills</i>

1028
01:20:57,084 --> 01:21:00,895
<i>was Mata Atlantica,
the Atlantic rain forest.</i>

1029
01:21:02,126 --> 01:21:04,708
<i>Nobody had ever
tried to replant it,</i>

1030
01:21:04,807 --> 01:21:08,144
<i>let alone on
a scale of 600 hectares.</i>

1031
01:21:09,089 --> 01:21:12,539
<i>Lélia's suggestion was
probably driven by the impulse</i>

1032
01:21:12,650 --> 01:21:15,029
<i>of lifting up
the family spirit.</i>

1033
01:21:15,131 --> 01:21:17,994
<i>Yet, they actually
started doing it.</i>

1034
01:21:18,812 --> 01:21:21,236
<i>And in the following 10 years,</i>

1035
01:21:21,334 --> 01:21:25,820
<i>nothing else than a full-blown
miracle took place on this land</i>

1036
01:21:25,935 --> 01:21:29,272
<i>that has since then become
the lnstituto Terra.</i>

1037
01:21:31,457 --> 01:21:32,855
(MEN SPEAKING INDISTINCTLY)

1038
01:21:34,498 --> 01:21:35,850
(LÉLIA WANICK SALGADO
SPEAKING FRENCH)

1039
01:21:35,939 --> 01:21:39,152
I remember, during
the first plantation...

1040
01:21:39,340 --> 01:21:43,228
I sometimes dreamt
that everything had died.

1041
01:21:44,862 --> 01:21:49,067
Because the soil was so
bad here, so damaged...

1042
01:21:49,184 --> 01:21:52,205
that I asked myself,
"Will it ever grow?"

1043
01:21:52,946 --> 01:21:57,071
The Mata Atlantica
has 400 different species.

1044
01:21:57,187 --> 01:22:00,084
Of course, we don't
have all 400 of them...

1045
01:22:00,188 --> 01:22:02,488
but each time, we plant...

1046
01:22:02,669 --> 01:22:03,661
it's 100 species...

1047
01:22:03,749 --> 01:22:05,101
150 species...

1048
01:22:05,189 --> 01:22:09,281
After the first
planting we lost 60%.

1049
01:22:10,272 --> 01:22:13,169
After the second, we lost 40%.

1050
01:22:13,273 --> 01:22:16,564
We had no book to
teach us how to replant...

1051
01:22:16,674 --> 01:22:18,230
a Mata Atlantica.

1052
01:22:18,355 --> 01:22:19,346
(BIRDS SINGING)

1053
01:22:36,322 --> 01:22:37,314
(SEBASTIÃO SPEAKING FRENCH)

1054
01:22:37,402 --> 01:22:39,307
I love coming up here...

1055
01:22:40,003 --> 01:22:42,820
to see all these
trees together...

1056
01:22:42,924 --> 01:22:45,224
this mass of green forest.

1057
01:22:46,245 --> 01:22:50,416
You can imagine what it took
to plant all these trees.

1058
01:22:54,249 --> 01:22:56,154
When I was a kid...

1059
01:22:56,249 --> 01:22:58,796
we had a little waterfall.

1060
01:22:59,770 --> 01:23:02,713
All year long,
it cascaded down there.

1061
01:23:02,812 --> 01:23:07,253
My sisters and I would walk here
to the waterfall, for picnics.

1062
01:23:08,454 --> 01:23:11,238
There was still
an enormous forest.

1063
01:23:11,334 --> 01:23:12,371
Later...

1064
01:23:12,935 --> 01:23:16,385
the forest was cut down
and the water vanished.

1065
01:23:17,497 --> 01:23:20,833
Our forest is still young,
it needs a lot of water.

1066
01:23:22,819 --> 01:23:27,147
But in 10,15 years, when this
growth has stabilized...

1067
01:23:27,260 --> 01:23:31,273
I'm sure we'll have a beautiful
waterfall once more.

1068
01:23:34,503 --> 01:23:35,855
(MAN SHOUTING IN THE DISTANCE)

1069
01:23:38,665 --> 01:23:40,773
(MAN WHOOPING IN DISTANCE)

1070
01:23:43,146 --> 01:23:45,254
(SEBASTIÃO SINGING QUIETLY)

1071
01:23:52,270 --> 01:23:53,262
(SEBASTIÃO SPEAKING FRENCH)

1072
01:23:53,350 --> 01:23:54,500
You can see...

1073
01:23:55,511 --> 01:23:57,697
lots of little paths...

1074
01:23:57,791 --> 01:24:00,012
hundreds of them...

1075
01:24:00,953 --> 01:24:02,824
That's where the cows walk.

1076
01:24:03,674 --> 01:24:08,082
Each cow's hoof,
as it touches the ground...

1077
01:24:08,195 --> 01:24:11,610
presses down with 200 or 250
kilos on one small space.

1078
01:24:11,717 --> 01:24:15,167
The soil flattens,
it dries out...

1079
01:24:15,278 --> 01:24:17,341
and nothing
grows on it anymore.

1080
01:24:17,439 --> 01:24:20,539
It's interesting to
see the difference...

1081
01:24:21,280 --> 01:24:23,106
between what
the lnstituto Terra

1082
01:24:23,201 --> 01:24:25,941
was before,
meadows like that...

1083
01:24:26,043 --> 01:24:29,616
and what it is today, a
completely rebuilt eco-system...

1084
01:24:29,723 --> 01:24:31,865
with our 2 million trees.

1085
01:24:42,409 --> 01:24:44,201
(SINGING QUIETLY)

1086
01:24:53,932 --> 01:24:55,330
Here you can see...

1087
01:24:55,414 --> 01:24:59,585
a cicada that
sang until it died.

1088
01:25:00,775 --> 01:25:04,304
I'm sure its body wasn't
enclosed in the tree like that.

1089
01:25:04,457 --> 01:25:08,144
The termites have built
around it, assimilated it.

1090
01:25:08,298 --> 01:25:10,282
It'll be buried in there.

1091
01:25:19,542 --> 01:25:21,684
You look at a tree
and you think only

1092
01:25:21,783 --> 01:25:24,286
of its verticality,
its beauty...

1093
01:25:24,384 --> 01:25:29,660
But everything depends on the
tree, our water, our oxygen...

1094
01:25:29,826 --> 01:25:31,889
It's everyone's home.

1095
01:25:31,987 --> 01:25:35,166
Ants, small insects,
cicadas...

1096
01:25:35,268 --> 01:25:36,824
they're all in there.

1097
01:25:37,989 --> 01:25:42,667
It feels good to hold
a tree you've helped to plant.

1098
01:25:42,791 --> 01:25:46,399
It's already deeply rooted,
firm in the ground...

1099
01:25:46,513 --> 01:25:49,962
Thirty years from now,
it'll be like this.

1100
01:25:50,073 --> 01:25:53,050
It's still quite young,
still growing.

1101
01:25:54,275 --> 01:25:57,409
These are even
younger ones, tiny ones.

1102
01:25:57,517 --> 01:25:59,467
Maybe they
sprouted last night...

1103
01:26:00,237 --> 01:26:03,574
like Alice
entering Wonderland.

1104
01:26:03,678 --> 01:26:09,157
It's incredible that they'll become
trees 40 meters or so high...

1105
01:26:09,281 --> 01:26:12,178
and will live for
400 or 500 years.

1106
01:26:13,002 --> 01:26:14,637
What power!

1107
01:26:19,444 --> 01:26:23,773
To think that these
three-month-old trees...

1108
01:26:23,887 --> 01:26:26,344
will reach their
apex in 400 years.

1109
01:26:27,567 --> 01:26:32,166
Perhaps from there we
could try to grasp...

1110
01:26:32,330 --> 01:26:34,550
the concept of eternity.

1111
01:26:34,650 --> 01:26:36,950
Maybe eternity is measurable.

1112
01:26:38,932 --> 01:26:39,924
(LÉLIA SPEAKING FRENCH)

1113
01:26:40,012 --> 01:26:42,830
When I first said,
"Let's plant a forest"...

1114
01:26:42,933 --> 01:26:47,926
I thought that from a seed I'd grow
a small tree, a small plant...

1115
01:26:48,096 --> 01:26:51,229
Well, this isn't one small
plant, it's a million!

1116
01:26:52,737 --> 01:26:54,327
And it's not only for here.

1117
01:26:54,418 --> 01:26:58,228
It's for the whole region,
and further each time.

1118
01:26:58,379 --> 01:27:01,636
What's wonderful
is that an idea...

1119
01:27:03,741 --> 01:27:05,961
can develop and grow.

1120
01:27:06,102 --> 01:27:09,472
And it's no longer one person's
idea, it's everyone's.

1121
01:27:11,184 --> 01:27:14,915
Our technology can be
reproduced almost everywhere.

1122
01:27:15,025 --> 01:27:17,370
Of course, species differ.

1123
01:27:17,467 --> 01:27:20,172
But the know-how
is the same...

1124
01:27:20,788 --> 01:27:22,693
for every tropical forest.

1125
01:27:30,991 --> 01:27:32,220
(CAMERA SHUTTER CLICKING)

1126
01:27:35,913 --> 01:27:39,328
<i>WENDERS: The land healed
Sebastião's despair.</i>

1127
01:27:39,434 --> 01:27:42,218
<i>The joy of seeing
the trees grow again,</i>

1128
01:27:42,316 --> 01:27:44,378
<i>the springs
coming back to life,</i>

1129
01:27:44,476 --> 01:27:50,067
<i>it all jump-started Sebastião's
calling as a photographer once more.</i>

1130
01:27:50,198 --> 01:27:52,780
<i>Only that he and Lélia knew
they couldn't possibly</i>

1131
01:27:52,879 --> 01:27:55,224
<i>return to what
they'd done before.</i>

1132
01:27:55,361 --> 01:27:56,353
(SEBASTIÃO SPEAKING FRENCH)

1133
01:27:56,441 --> 01:27:57,432
We came to the conclusion...

1134
01:27:57,521 --> 01:28:01,331
that I could do a new project
related to the environment.

1135
01:28:01,483 --> 01:28:04,662
Of course, I first thought...

1136
01:28:04,764 --> 01:28:07,582
of denouncing the destruction
of the forests...

1137
01:28:07,685 --> 01:28:10,267
or the pollution
of the oceans...

1138
01:28:10,366 --> 01:28:11,357
whatever.

1139
01:28:11,447 --> 01:28:15,178
Then we thought we'd do a
different sort of project.

1140
01:28:15,928 --> 01:28:18,194
We'd pay
a tribute to the planet.

1141
01:28:18,289 --> 01:28:20,995
And we were very
surprised to discover...

1142
01:28:21,090 --> 01:28:24,066
that almost half of
the planet is still...

1143
01:28:24,171 --> 01:28:26,628
like at the time of creation.

1144
01:28:29,373 --> 01:28:33,859
Many of my friends said, "No,you
shouldn't take that route.

1145
01:28:34,055 --> 01:28:37,662
"It's risky. You're known
as a social photographer...

1146
01:28:37,776 --> 01:28:41,586
"And you're venturing
into the field...

1147
01:28:41,697 --> 01:28:45,632
"of landscape,
or wildlife photography."

1148
01:28:45,740 --> 01:28:48,118
I said,
"I don't care, let's do it!

1149
01:28:48,220 --> 01:28:51,748
"I have to learn
to photograph that as well."

1150
01:28:51,861 --> 01:28:53,890
And I started my first story.

1151
01:28:54,022 --> 01:28:56,998
I wanted it to be Galapagos.

1152
01:28:57,103 --> 01:29:01,387
I wanted to understand
what Darwin had understood.

1153
01:29:02,666 --> 01:29:04,492
The same species...

1154
01:29:04,587 --> 01:29:07,800
in very
different ecosystems...

1155
01:29:07,947 --> 01:29:10,326
will evolve very differently.

1156
01:29:12,789 --> 01:29:15,923
Looking at this detail
of an iguana's paw...

1157
01:29:16,031 --> 01:29:19,446
I can't help thinking...

1158
01:29:19,552 --> 01:29:22,686
of the hand of
a medieval knight...

1159
01:29:22,793 --> 01:29:26,400
with those metallic
scales to protect him.

1160
01:29:29,876 --> 01:29:31,781
Looking at the paw's
bone structure...

1161
01:29:31,876 --> 01:29:35,450
I see that the iguana
is also my cousin.

1162
01:29:36,198 --> 01:29:38,903
That we came
from the same cell.

1163
01:29:42,360 --> 01:29:46,407
When you're in front
of a creature of that age...

1164
01:29:46,522 --> 01:29:48,506
you're facing
a real authority...

1165
01:29:48,603 --> 01:29:51,263
with all those wrinkles,
all that knowledge.

1166
01:29:52,164 --> 01:29:53,719
When Darwin came here...

1167
01:29:53,804 --> 01:29:58,133
that turtle would already
have been an adult.

1168
01:29:58,246 --> 01:30:00,432
Maybe it saw Darwin.
Who knows?

1169
01:30:02,728 --> 01:30:05,434
One day I was very tired...

1170
01:30:05,529 --> 01:30:10,883
<i>as we'd been walking a long
time across some lava fields.</i>

1171
01:30:11,011 --> 01:30:12,994
I lay down on
the beach to rest...

1172
01:30:13,932 --> 01:30:16,987
and I felt something
touch my leg.

1173
01:30:17,093 --> 01:30:20,114
I looked and it
was a sea lion.

1174
01:30:20,215 --> 01:30:22,198
Another one came up beside us.

1175
01:30:22,295 --> 01:30:24,640
We were three sea lions!

1176
01:30:25,376 --> 01:30:29,311
They didn't see man as a
predator, nor as a threat.

1177
01:30:31,738 --> 01:30:34,714
That was my first
nature report...

1178
01:30:34,900 --> 01:30:38,000
the first time
I photographed other animals.

1179
01:30:41,582 --> 01:30:45,347
For eight years,
I took my time observing.

1180
01:30:47,024 --> 01:30:49,133
The main thing
was to understand...

1181
01:30:49,265 --> 01:30:53,200
<i>that I'm as much a part of
nature as a turtle, or a tree...</i>

1182
01:30:53,307 --> 01:30:54,783
or a pebble.

1183
01:32:01,893 --> 01:32:03,922
(INSECTS TRILLING)

1184
01:32:10,776 --> 01:32:11,767
(WENDERS SPEAKING FRENCH)

1185
01:32:11,856 --> 01:32:13,839
Amazing how he looks at us...

1186
01:32:13,937 --> 01:32:15,685
Indeed“.

1187
01:32:17,017 --> 01:32:19,126
There's depth in there!

1188
01:32:19,219 --> 01:32:22,195
He was coming closer,
I was photographing him...

1189
01:32:22,300 --> 01:32:23,811
his hand in his mouth...

1190
01:32:24,381 --> 01:32:27,988
He was seeing himself in a
mirror for the first time...

1191
01:32:28,102 --> 01:32:29,770
the front of the lens.

1192
01:32:29,903 --> 01:32:32,846
He was taking his finger out,
putting it back...

1193
01:32:32,944 --> 01:32:34,612
realizing that it was him.

1194
01:32:34,704 --> 01:32:36,293
He was becoming
aware of his image,

1195
01:32:36,385 --> 01:32:39,879
and I sensed
total identification.

1196
01:32:54,632 --> 01:32:56,695
They are families like ours...

1197
01:32:56,793 --> 01:32:59,814
with grandfathers, fathers,
grandchildren.

1198
01:33:02,434 --> 01:33:05,805
They respect each other.

1199
01:33:05,916 --> 01:33:10,594
And when you visit them,
you have to be polite...

1200
01:33:10,758 --> 01:33:13,340
to stand in a certain way...

1201
01:33:13,439 --> 01:33:16,223
you have to
respect their territory.

1202
01:33:16,320 --> 01:33:18,699
And then you're welcomed.

1203
01:33:20,402 --> 01:33:23,896
I also befriended a whale.

1204
01:33:28,005 --> 01:33:30,271
These are whales...

1205
01:33:31,886 --> 01:33:33,238
in Argentina.

1206
01:33:35,887 --> 01:33:39,461
An adult like this is 35 meters
long, weighs about 40 tons.

1207
01:33:40,689 --> 01:33:43,034
She came so
close to the boat...

1208
01:33:43,170 --> 01:33:45,312
I could touch her.

1209
01:33:45,410 --> 01:33:48,116
And it was incredible.
Such sensitive skin!

1210
01:33:48,212 --> 01:33:49,801
As I was caressing her...

1211
01:33:49,892 --> 01:33:54,300
I could see her tail, 35
meters away, trembling.

1212
01:33:54,414 --> 01:33:56,003
Incredible sensitivity.

1213
01:33:56,655 --> 01:34:00,939
We had a small boat,
just 7 meters long.

1214
01:34:01,497 --> 01:34:04,203
She knew she
could have sunk us.

1215
01:34:04,298 --> 01:34:07,116
But she never once
hit the boat. Not once!

1216
01:34:07,219 --> 01:34:10,319
As we left,
she began tapping her tail...

1217
01:34:54,196 --> 01:34:56,496
That's like another planet!

1218
01:34:56,597 --> 01:34:58,896
It's quite incredible.

1219
01:34:58,998 --> 01:35:03,643
Let me see if I have another
photo of the Nenets.

1220
01:35:04,961 --> 01:35:08,849
See, everything
a Nenet owns is here.

1221
01:35:10,323 --> 01:35:11,641
That's their house.

1222
01:35:16,205 --> 01:35:19,891
I'd been planning this work
on the Nenets for a long time.

1223
01:35:20,966 --> 01:35:25,171
About eighteen people,
with six thousand reindeer...

1224
01:35:25,288 --> 01:35:27,430
constantly migrating.

1225
01:35:29,649 --> 01:35:32,704
This must be about
seven in the evening.

1226
01:35:32,811 --> 01:35:35,911
At about eight in the evening
they'd light a fire...

1227
01:35:36,012 --> 01:35:38,751
and cook the only
hot meal of the day.

1228
01:35:39,694 --> 01:35:43,109
After the meal, we'd chat a bit.
Everybody talked.

1229
01:35:43,215 --> 01:35:44,726
They'd put out the fire.

1230
01:35:44,816 --> 01:35:50,767
While the fire was burning, it was
15 to 20 degrees, quite nice.

1231
01:35:50,938 --> 01:35:53,440
Two hours later,
it was minus thirty.

1232
01:35:56,700 --> 01:36:00,070
They're the real
cowboys of Siberia.

1233
01:36:00,181 --> 01:36:02,887
They always
have their lasso...

1234
01:36:02,982 --> 01:36:06,082
made of reindeer skin,
around their necks.

1235
01:36:07,023 --> 01:36:11,826
They have boots made
of silver-fox skin.

1236
01:36:12,705 --> 01:36:16,155
They sleep with them.
Those boots last a lifetime.

1237
01:36:31,472 --> 01:36:34,763
The Ob is a very
special river...

1238
01:36:34,873 --> 01:36:36,699
a huge Siberian river.

1239
01:36:37,715 --> 01:36:41,322
At this spot, it's about
47 kilometers wide.

1240
01:36:44,398 --> 01:36:48,489
Once past the Ob,
you're in the Arctic Circle.

1241
01:36:50,560 --> 01:36:53,142
There's no horizon,
there's nothing.

1242
01:36:53,241 --> 01:36:57,727
You are on a white plate,
as wide as the universe.

1243
01:37:09,767 --> 01:37:11,750
WENDERS: Genesis
took Sebastião

1244
01:37:11,847 --> 01:37:15,815
<i>around the globe once more
for almost a decade.</i>

1245
01:37:15,929 --> 01:37:20,652
<i>It was gonna show us nature,
animals, places and peoples</i>

1246
01:37:20,771 --> 01:37:23,668
<i>that were like at
the beginning of time.</i>

1247
01:37:23,772 --> 01:37:25,677
<i>A much more optimistic view</i>

1248
01:37:25,773 --> 01:37:29,031
<i>of the same planet than Sebastião
had witnessed for so long</i>

1249
01:37:29,134 --> 01:37:31,163
<i>as damaged and destroyed.</i>

1250
01:37:32,975 --> 01:37:38,093
Genesis was gonna be their opus
magnus, a love letter to the planet-

1251
01:37:38,217 --> 01:37:39,649
(HELICOPTER THRUMMING)

1252
01:37:50,382 --> 01:37:51,373
(SEBASTIÃO SPEAKING FRENCH)

1253
01:37:51,502 --> 01:37:54,242
There were
accounts of the Zo'é

1254
01:37:54,344 --> 01:37:57,004
in 16th-century
Jesuit writings.

1255
01:37:57,105 --> 01:38:00,555
They went to Amazonia and
spoke about these people...

1256
01:38:00,666 --> 01:38:03,720
who wore a tube of wood
inside their lower lip.

1257
01:38:03,827 --> 01:38:07,118
These Indians were
never seen again.

1258
01:38:07,228 --> 01:38:09,652
It was believed to
be a fairytale...

1259
01:38:09,749 --> 01:38:12,094
or an invention
by the Jesuits...

1260
01:38:12,190 --> 01:38:14,647
until the end of
the eighties...

1261
01:38:14,791 --> 01:38:17,417
when these Indians
were contacted again.

1262
01:38:30,036 --> 01:38:31,434
(SPEAKING LOCAL LANGUAGE)

1263
01:38:33,758 --> 01:38:35,550
(CAMERA SHUTTER CLICKING)

1264
01:38:46,243 --> 01:38:47,562
(CAMERA SHUTTER CLICKING)

1265
01:39:19,616 --> 01:39:22,039
(MEN SPEAKING LOCAL LANGUAGE)

1266
01:39:46,025 --> 01:39:47,062
(SEBASTIÃO SPEAKING FRENCH)

1267
01:39:47,146 --> 01:39:49,491
These Indians really
live in a paradise.

1268
01:39:50,667 --> 01:39:52,966
It's the only
place I've found...

1269
01:39:53,067 --> 01:39:56,201
where the women
have 3 or 4 or 5 husbands...

1270
01:39:56,829 --> 01:39:59,376
and the husbands
have as many wives.

1271
01:40:00,670 --> 01:40:02,654
Each woman has
a hunting husband...

1272
01:40:03,351 --> 01:40:05,301
a fishing husband...

1273
01:40:05,392 --> 01:40:08,413
a farming husband...

1274
01:40:09,074 --> 01:40:13,323
one who's a handyman,
who helps around the house...

1275
01:40:13,516 --> 01:40:15,861
The women have enormous power.

1276
01:40:15,957 --> 01:40:19,767
They have an influence over
some of the men...

1277
01:40:19,878 --> 01:40:21,513
that's quite considerable.

1278
01:40:23,119 --> 01:40:25,024
(WOMEN SPEAKING
LOCAL LANGUAGE)

1279
01:40:41,285 --> 01:40:42,277
(BIRD SQUAWKING)

1280
01:40:46,928 --> 01:40:49,588
(PEOPLE SPEAKING
LOCAL LANGUAGE)

1281
01:40:53,210 --> 01:40:54,202
(SEBASTIÃO SPEAKING FRENCH)

1282
01:40:54,291 --> 01:40:58,619
One thing I always found interesting
about all these peoples...

1283
01:40:58,732 --> 01:41:02,419
was their perfect consciousness
of their appearance.

1284
01:41:03,133 --> 01:41:05,512
When I was about
to take a photo...

1285
01:41:05,615 --> 01:41:07,126
they'd know I
was going to make

1286
01:41:07,215 --> 01:41:09,594
a representation
of their image.

1287
01:41:10,617 --> 01:41:13,908
At first they'd be eager,
then, they'd lose interest.

1288
01:41:15,419 --> 01:41:17,605
It wasn't their world.

1289
01:41:17,699 --> 01:41:21,194
On the other hand, they were
very interested in my knife.

1290
01:41:21,340 --> 01:41:25,985
My friend Ypo made me swear
to give him my knife.

1291
01:41:26,102 --> 01:41:28,762
But the National
Indian Foundation...

1292
01:41:28,863 --> 01:41:32,437
made me promise not to give any
of my objects to the Indians...

1293
01:41:32,545 --> 01:41:35,758
to protect their purity.

1294
01:41:36,466 --> 01:41:38,845
So he said,
"Let's make a deal.

1295
01:41:38,988 --> 01:41:40,937
"They day you leave...

1296
01:41:41,028 --> 01:41:43,654
"throw your knife
out of the airplane window.

1297
01:41:43,749 --> 01:41:46,206
"I'll follow
the plane's path...

1298
01:41:46,310 --> 01:41:48,182
"and I'll find your knife!"

1299
01:42:05,477 --> 01:42:06,469
(SEBASTIÃO SPEAKING
PORTUGUESE)

1300
01:42:06,557 --> 01:42:09,060
These plants are very old.

1301
01:42:09,158 --> 01:42:11,864
They've been here
for 40 or 50 years.

1302
01:42:16,361 --> 01:42:18,547
They're wonderful plants...

1303
01:42:19,683 --> 01:42:21,194
samambaia.

1304
01:42:21,283 --> 01:42:25,532
A plant of the shade, from
the heart of our forest...

1305
01:42:25,644 --> 01:42:27,864
from the highest parts.

1306
01:42:29,286 --> 01:42:31,506
It reminds me of
my mother's hair.

1307
01:42:31,607 --> 01:42:34,346
My mother was very beautiful.

1308
01:42:37,049 --> 01:42:39,754
These were her plants,
and after she died...

1309
01:42:40,850 --> 01:42:43,747
Dad took care of them
until he passed away.

1310
01:42:43,851 --> 01:42:45,723
Then, we brought them here.

1311
01:42:46,252 --> 01:42:47,570
(BIRD CHIRPING)

1312
01:42:51,974 --> 01:42:53,958
Look, it's raining.

1313
01:42:54,055 --> 01:42:55,329
Beautiful rain.

1314
01:43:12,542 --> 01:43:13,534
(SEBASTIÃO SPEAKING
PORTUGUESE)

1315
01:43:13,622 --> 01:43:17,072
This land is
extremely important to us.

1316
01:43:17,984 --> 01:43:21,241
We're completing
a cycle with this land.

1317
01:43:22,026 --> 01:43:25,712
Within this cycle,
we have spent our lives.

1318
01:43:25,827 --> 01:43:27,653
The lives of my parents...

1319
01:43:27,747 --> 01:43:30,848
the lives of my sisters...

1320
01:43:30,949 --> 01:43:33,609
a large part of my life...

1321
01:43:34,310 --> 01:43:39,225
And today, we're living
our lives here again...

1322
01:43:39,352 --> 01:43:40,941
Lélia and I.

1323
01:43:42,033 --> 01:43:44,378
This land continues
to tell our story.

1324
01:43:44,474 --> 01:43:48,487
It formed my childhood
and accompanies my old age.

1325
01:43:48,596 --> 01:43:51,222
And when I die...

1326
01:43:51,316 --> 01:43:56,039
this forest will once again be
like when I was born.

1327
01:43:56,158 --> 01:43:58,705
And the cycle
will be complete.

1328
01:43:59,400 --> 01:44:01,463
It's the story of my life.

1329
01:44:23,123 --> 01:44:25,463
Man, creator of images that 
tell us a thousand stories...

1330
01:44:25,900 --> 01:44:28,400
of life on this planet has shared 
with us this great project,

1331
01:44:28,800 --> 01:44:30,863
a dream: the destruction of nature
is not irreversible

1332
01:44:36,285 --> 01:44:39,463
More than one thousand springs rise again
on the soil of Instituto Terra.

1333
01:44:39,788 --> 01:44:41,763
Two and a half million trees have 
been planted already.

1334
01:44:42,284 --> 01:44:44,466
Wild animals have returned, 
including jaguars.

1335
01:44:49,417 --> 01:44:52,563
This territory is no longer 
the property of Salgado only:

1336
01:44:52,878 --> 01:44:54,971
it is now a National Park that 
belongs to all.

1337
01:44:55,321 --> 01:44:57,351
This demonstrates that it is 
possible to recover land...

1338
01:44:57,699 --> 01:45:01,263
anywhere else when their original
forests that have been mistreated.