1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:04,440 SHOUTING 2 00:00:15,280 --> 00:00:18,600 The things I saw made impressions... 3 00:00:20,000 --> 00:00:21,400 ..I can never forget. 4 00:00:25,520 --> 00:00:27,000 I can't describe it. 5 00:00:28,000 --> 00:00:30,920 I can't say how it was. 6 00:00:34,280 --> 00:00:35,800 It was just terrible. 7 00:00:37,800 --> 00:00:39,976 GASPING 8 00:00:40,000 --> 00:00:45,200 I dream of being trapped on the ship with no means of escape. 9 00:00:48,760 --> 00:00:51,320 But I always wake up before the boat sinks. 10 00:01:09,080 --> 00:01:11,176 He told me that apparently we'd struck something. 11 00:01:11,200 --> 00:01:12,597 BELL TOLLS 12 00:01:12,621 --> 00:01:14,040 Iceberg dead ahead! 13 00:01:15,080 --> 00:01:18,720 SIREN TRILLS 14 00:01:20,600 --> 00:01:23,096 I didn't become alarmed. 15 00:01:23,120 --> 00:01:25,440 There was no danger, they said. 16 00:01:29,440 --> 00:01:31,880 I told her to come at once - we were sinking. 17 00:01:35,720 --> 00:01:38,656 You can you imagine the chaos and the fear and the terror 18 00:01:38,680 --> 00:01:40,216 of finding water in your cabin 19 00:01:40,240 --> 00:01:42,256 and you're in the bowels of the ship. 20 00:01:42,280 --> 00:01:45,176 It makes me panic just thinking about it. 21 00:01:45,200 --> 00:01:48,536 The story of the Titanic is the human condition 22 00:01:48,560 --> 00:01:53,336 spread out, pinned on a board for us to examine. 23 00:01:53,360 --> 00:01:56,336 Then came the terrible cry. 24 00:01:56,360 --> 00:01:59,096 "Women and children! Women and children!" 25 00:01:59,120 --> 00:02:00,216 Marjorie! 26 00:02:00,240 --> 00:02:02,720 Two men lifted me up and put me in a boat. 27 00:02:04,440 --> 00:02:05,656 It's these small decisions, 28 00:02:05,680 --> 00:02:07,976 these little butterfly effect moments 29 00:02:08,000 --> 00:02:09,280 that change the outcome. 30 00:02:11,880 --> 00:02:13,277 Stand back! 31 00:02:13,301 --> 00:02:14,720 GUNSHOT 32 00:02:23,280 --> 00:02:25,120 It really was every man for himself. 33 00:02:27,760 --> 00:02:29,080 My heart stood still. 34 00:02:36,800 --> 00:02:38,320 Hurry up! 35 00:02:40,000 --> 00:02:42,096 Pull! 36 00:02:42,120 --> 00:02:44,616 If we're going to die, 37 00:02:44,640 --> 00:02:46,280 best to die gripping something. 38 00:02:48,960 --> 00:02:50,416 It's a split second decision. 39 00:02:50,440 --> 00:02:52,160 What would you do? What would I do? 40 00:02:59,440 --> 00:03:01,696 Oh, it was a terrible sight. 41 00:03:01,720 --> 00:03:04,000 Men swimming and sinking. 42 00:03:12,160 --> 00:03:17,680 I'd been brought up to believe in a hell after death. 43 00:03:24,000 --> 00:03:26,360 But now I think I went through a hell that night. 44 00:04:12,840 --> 00:04:16,776 I nipped along to have a look down the emergency staircase, 45 00:04:16,800 --> 00:04:19,520 {\an8}to gauge the speed the water was rising. 46 00:04:24,480 --> 00:04:30,176 That cold green water crawling its ghostly way. 47 00:04:30,200 --> 00:04:34,616 The electric lights shone under the surface 48 00:04:34,640 --> 00:04:38,040 with a weird effect. 49 00:04:41,000 --> 00:04:44,616 {\an8}So Lightoller knows now things are getting more serious. 50 00:04:44,640 --> 00:04:47,656 {\an8}He thought this thing could not go down, 51 00:04:47,680 --> 00:04:51,216 and now he knows it could sink. 52 00:04:51,240 --> 00:04:53,040 This is a terrible shock for him. 53 00:04:57,880 --> 00:04:59,656 Captain Smith is at fault here. 54 00:04:59,680 --> 00:05:02,496 He has not informed his senior officers 55 00:05:02,520 --> 00:05:05,696 of what he has known for some time. 56 00:05:05,720 --> 00:05:08,256 It's very hard to know why Captain Smith did not 57 00:05:08,280 --> 00:05:11,736 give out the information to his most trusted command. 58 00:05:11,760 --> 00:05:14,136 Maybe it's important to keep this away, 59 00:05:14,160 --> 00:05:17,520 to stop them panicking and to keep control. 60 00:05:31,480 --> 00:05:34,416 There are just ten standard lifeboats 61 00:05:34,440 --> 00:05:35,616 left on the ship, 62 00:05:35,640 --> 00:05:37,976 along with four collapsibles. 63 00:05:38,000 --> 00:05:41,456 There's 2,000 souls and more on board 64 00:05:41,480 --> 00:05:43,976 and only around 700 places. 65 00:05:44,000 --> 00:05:46,976 There's no rescue ship coming any time soon, 66 00:05:47,000 --> 00:05:49,680 so if you don't get in, you're going to die. 67 00:06:04,080 --> 00:06:06,496 Lightoller is going to continue doing 68 00:06:06,520 --> 00:06:08,096 exactly what he's done before - 69 00:06:08,120 --> 00:06:10,976 but with even more fervour and rigidity 70 00:06:11,000 --> 00:06:12,616 enforcing the plan. 71 00:06:12,640 --> 00:06:14,976 It's the only thing he can do. 72 00:06:15,000 --> 00:06:17,280 Women and children only. 73 00:06:20,560 --> 00:06:23,456 {\an8}Charlotte Collyer's just about holding herself together 74 00:06:23,480 --> 00:06:24,856 {\an8}in her family unit. 75 00:06:24,880 --> 00:06:26,176 Her husband, Harvey, 76 00:06:26,200 --> 00:06:28,040 and her little daughter, Marjorie. 77 00:06:30,440 --> 00:06:35,336 {\an8}Mr Lowe rushed among the passengers 78 00:06:35,360 --> 00:06:39,256 {\an8}and ordered the women into the boats. 79 00:06:39,280 --> 00:06:41,976 Many of them followed him 80 00:06:42,000 --> 00:06:46,456 in a dazed kind of way, 81 00:06:46,480 --> 00:06:48,840 and others stayed with their men. 82 00:06:50,680 --> 00:06:54,040 A sailor caught Marjorie in his arms... 83 00:06:55,360 --> 00:06:56,976 ..tore her away from me 84 00:06:57,000 --> 00:06:59,880 and threw her into the boat. 85 00:07:02,880 --> 00:07:05,256 {\an8}I was crying for my doll. 86 00:07:05,280 --> 00:07:10,040 {\an8}Then two men lifted me up and put me in a boat. 87 00:07:11,280 --> 00:07:14,176 - Marjorie! - Marjorie! 88 00:07:14,200 --> 00:07:18,560 She was not even given a chance to tell her father goodbye. 89 00:07:21,400 --> 00:07:24,376 "You, too," a man yelled, 90 00:07:24,400 --> 00:07:26,896 "You're a woman. 91 00:07:26,920 --> 00:07:30,000 "Take a seat in that boat or it will be too late." 92 00:07:32,840 --> 00:07:35,000 I heard my husband say... 93 00:07:37,120 --> 00:07:38,976 .."Go, Lottie! 94 00:07:39,000 --> 00:07:41,736 "For God's sake, be brave and go!" 95 00:07:41,760 --> 00:07:44,000 For God's sake, be brave and go! 96 00:07:47,000 --> 00:07:49,976 And saw my husband's back as he walked 97 00:07:50,000 --> 00:07:52,416 steadily down the deck 98 00:07:52,440 --> 00:07:54,040 and disappeared among the men. 99 00:07:56,080 --> 00:07:59,800 If they'd not wrenched Marjorie away from me... 100 00:08:03,280 --> 00:08:05,040 ..I wish I had gone with him. 101 00:08:11,160 --> 00:08:16,296 The courteous, deferential veneer is not there any more. 102 00:08:16,320 --> 00:08:19,976 The officers will pull apart women from their men 103 00:08:20,000 --> 00:08:23,976 and make them go into the boats whether they want to or not. 104 00:08:24,000 --> 00:08:26,496 This is new in the course of the night, 105 00:08:26,520 --> 00:08:28,040 and it's frightening. 106 00:08:36,600 --> 00:08:41,536 There's a really stark disadvantage facing third class passengers. 107 00:08:41,560 --> 00:08:43,536 From the beginning, 108 00:08:43,560 --> 00:08:45,976 they are stuck in the bowels of the ship, 109 00:08:46,000 --> 00:08:48,080 trying to get to where the lifeboats are. 110 00:08:52,000 --> 00:08:54,320 {\an8}I'd been seasick the whole trip. 111 00:08:55,680 --> 00:08:57,440 ANNA GASPS 112 00:08:59,600 --> 00:09:01,360 ANNA RETCHES 113 00:09:04,720 --> 00:09:08,040 All I wanted was to be left alone so I could lie down. 114 00:09:12,400 --> 00:09:14,736 Anna Sjoblom is a teenager from Finland. 115 00:09:14,760 --> 00:09:16,336 She's a Swedish speaker, 116 00:09:16,360 --> 00:09:19,496 but a third of steerage passengers on the Titanic 117 00:09:19,520 --> 00:09:21,376 were from Nordic countries. 118 00:09:21,400 --> 00:09:23,536 There were so many people who did not speak English, 119 00:09:23,560 --> 00:09:26,256 but they spoke Spanish, Arabic, Swedish. 120 00:09:26,280 --> 00:09:28,600 Swedish is the second most spoken language. 121 00:09:29,720 --> 00:09:31,856 When the boat struck, 122 00:09:31,880 --> 00:09:33,816 the 14th of April, 123 00:09:33,840 --> 00:09:36,616 which was my birthday, 124 00:09:36,640 --> 00:09:38,040 I was 18. 125 00:09:40,480 --> 00:09:42,856 I didn't become alarmed. 126 00:09:42,880 --> 00:09:46,656 I just couldn't believe that this wonderful ship 127 00:09:46,680 --> 00:09:49,480 could possibly be in trouble. 128 00:09:51,560 --> 00:09:54,616 There are 14 stewardesses in first class 129 00:09:54,640 --> 00:09:58,296 to help those passengers leave the ship. 130 00:09:58,320 --> 00:10:00,760 In third class, there's only one. 131 00:10:04,760 --> 00:10:07,616 There was no Tannoy system or announcement 132 00:10:07,640 --> 00:10:08,976 of what was going on, 133 00:10:09,000 --> 00:10:10,176 of what to do. 134 00:10:10,200 --> 00:10:12,040 They had to work it out themselves. 135 00:10:28,760 --> 00:10:30,240 {\an8}A crash woke me up. 136 00:10:32,440 --> 00:10:34,360 {\an8}Nearly jolted me from my bed. 137 00:10:37,560 --> 00:10:42,040 I put on my trousers and shoes and got up. 138 00:10:45,840 --> 00:10:48,736 Eugene Daly is a 29-year-old textile worker 139 00:10:48,760 --> 00:10:51,616 from County Westmeath in Ireland. 140 00:10:51,640 --> 00:10:53,336 After years of saving, 141 00:10:53,360 --> 00:10:56,976 he's immigrating to America along with his cousin, Maggie, 142 00:10:57,000 --> 00:10:58,256 her friend, Bertha, 143 00:10:58,280 --> 00:11:00,440 and his beloved Irish pipes. 144 00:11:02,520 --> 00:11:04,696 The stewards came through, 145 00:11:04,720 --> 00:11:08,496 told the passengers that they shouldn't be frightened. 146 00:11:08,520 --> 00:11:11,160 There was no danger, they said. 147 00:11:13,280 --> 00:11:14,976 Everything was all right, 148 00:11:15,000 --> 00:11:16,760 and that I might go back. 149 00:11:24,320 --> 00:11:27,416 The third class passengers don't know what's going on 150 00:11:27,440 --> 00:11:28,856 because they're not being told. 151 00:11:28,880 --> 00:11:31,736 And there's nothing worse than having an idea 152 00:11:31,760 --> 00:11:32,976 that something's really wrong 153 00:11:33,000 --> 00:11:35,976 but not knowing exactly what it is. 154 00:11:36,000 --> 00:11:39,336 Above deck, the first and second class passengers 155 00:11:39,360 --> 00:11:42,976 and the crew, they can all see there aren't enough boats left. 156 00:11:43,000 --> 00:11:46,480 And there are hundreds of them on deck. 157 00:11:50,800 --> 00:11:53,976 {\an8}I stood at the bulkhead with the other stewardesses. 158 00:11:54,000 --> 00:11:56,480 A ship's officer ordered us into the boat. 159 00:11:58,200 --> 00:12:01,656 Some lifeboats are only at half capacity. 160 00:12:01,680 --> 00:12:03,856 Now, there's fear everywhere, 161 00:12:03,880 --> 00:12:06,120 so they're filling them up as quickly as they can. 162 00:12:09,480 --> 00:12:12,000 Looking along the length of the ship... 163 00:12:13,800 --> 00:12:17,840 ..I noticed the forward part of her was lower now. 164 00:12:20,200 --> 00:12:21,640 Much lower. 165 00:12:26,000 --> 00:12:27,560 My heart stood still. 166 00:12:39,280 --> 00:12:40,576 When you're in the military, 167 00:12:40,600 --> 00:12:42,256 this is what we talk about - triaging. 168 00:12:42,280 --> 00:12:43,496 {\an8}This is a case of thinking, 169 00:12:43,520 --> 00:12:46,736 {\an8}"How many people can we save at this point?" 170 00:12:46,760 --> 00:12:50,496 There's only room for 800 people in the lifeboats that remain, 171 00:12:50,520 --> 00:12:52,576 so that's best-case scenario. 172 00:12:52,600 --> 00:12:56,736 But in crisis situations, you're not getting the best-case scenario - 173 00:12:56,760 --> 00:12:58,560 within the panic, the confusion. 174 00:13:00,760 --> 00:13:04,280 The boat was full now. 175 00:13:06,160 --> 00:13:09,136 As the boat was being lowered, 176 00:13:09,160 --> 00:13:11,656 the ship's officer called, 177 00:13:11,680 --> 00:13:13,976 "Here, Miss Jessop, 178 00:13:14,000 --> 00:13:16,000 "look after this baby." 179 00:13:20,640 --> 00:13:24,640 Someone had dumped it on the deck beside his feet. 180 00:13:29,120 --> 00:13:31,336 At this stage, Violet is handed a baby 181 00:13:31,360 --> 00:13:34,976 that has been sort of separated from their family 182 00:13:35,000 --> 00:13:37,816 or whoever was caring for them at that point. 183 00:13:37,840 --> 00:13:39,480 It's hard to fathom that. 184 00:13:41,440 --> 00:13:43,216 That panic beginning to spread, 185 00:13:43,240 --> 00:13:46,296 it's making their circumstances worse. 186 00:13:46,320 --> 00:13:49,456 It's making everybody's chance of survival worse. 187 00:13:49,480 --> 00:13:51,200 But it's such a natural reaction. 188 00:14:06,000 --> 00:14:08,736 BANGING 189 00:14:08,760 --> 00:14:14,656 I could hear the commotion overhead increasing. 190 00:14:14,680 --> 00:14:16,536 I decided to go up, 191 00:14:16,560 --> 00:14:18,880 even though I still felt very ill. 192 00:14:21,000 --> 00:14:22,616 I was fully clothed 193 00:14:22,640 --> 00:14:25,536 and I had a lifebelt. 194 00:14:25,560 --> 00:14:27,976 My railroad ticket to Tacoma 195 00:14:28,000 --> 00:14:30,496 and a small amount of money were sewed 196 00:14:30,520 --> 00:14:34,040 in a little bag and hung around my neck so I couldn't lose it. 197 00:14:37,520 --> 00:14:39,976 I went down into the room where Maggie Daly 198 00:14:40,000 --> 00:14:41,280 and Bertha Mulvihill were. 199 00:14:43,280 --> 00:14:46,536 The men and women in third class are separated, 200 00:14:46,560 --> 00:14:49,496 so for Eugene to find Maggie and Bertha, 201 00:14:49,520 --> 00:14:52,056 he has to cross from one end of the ship to another. 202 00:14:52,080 --> 00:14:54,176 No-one is guiding them, no-one is saying, 203 00:14:54,200 --> 00:14:56,976 "This is the best way to get around the flooding." 204 00:14:57,000 --> 00:14:59,040 - They have to work it out themselves. - KNOCKING 205 00:15:03,440 --> 00:15:04,616 Come with me... 206 00:15:04,640 --> 00:15:07,880 "Come with me, the ship is sinking." 207 00:15:11,640 --> 00:15:14,456 There's hundreds of third class passengers trying to navigate 208 00:15:14,480 --> 00:15:18,336 the warren of corridors, hallways, staircases, 209 00:15:18,360 --> 00:15:20,576 and they're trying to get to a part of the ship - 210 00:15:20,600 --> 00:15:23,360 the boat deck - that they've never been allowed onto before. 211 00:15:25,000 --> 00:15:29,976 It's difficult to convey the size of a ship like the Titanic. 212 00:15:30,000 --> 00:15:32,336 It took me 14 days 213 00:15:32,360 --> 00:15:34,776 before I could find my way from one part of that ship 214 00:15:34,800 --> 00:15:37,616 to another via the shortest route. 215 00:15:37,640 --> 00:15:42,496 Eugene, Maggie and Bertha must navigate up several decks 216 00:15:42,520 --> 00:15:44,376 to the boat deck. 217 00:15:44,400 --> 00:15:46,536 It's now a very challenging situation, 218 00:15:46,560 --> 00:15:49,736 and the feeling of a loss of control on the part of the crew 219 00:15:49,760 --> 00:15:51,976 is getting stronger and stronger. 220 00:15:52,000 --> 00:15:55,496 It was about this time that the Chief Officer came over 221 00:15:55,520 --> 00:15:57,096 from the starboard side and asked, 222 00:15:57,120 --> 00:15:59,616 did I know where the firearms were? 223 00:15:59,640 --> 00:16:00,976 I told the Chief Officer, 224 00:16:01,000 --> 00:16:03,496 "Yes, come along and I'll get them for you." 225 00:16:03,520 --> 00:16:05,360 Come along and I'll get them for you. 226 00:16:07,120 --> 00:16:10,040 {\an8}Drawing weapons is very unusual. 227 00:16:12,120 --> 00:16:16,976 The officers are clearly all aware of how panic was setting in 228 00:16:17,000 --> 00:16:20,880 and order and discipline amongst people were falling apart. 229 00:16:22,440 --> 00:16:24,976 There are guns on board the Titanic. 230 00:16:25,000 --> 00:16:29,520 Like the lifeboats, nobody expected to ever have to use them. 231 00:16:34,280 --> 00:16:36,456 Into the First Officer's cabin we went - 232 00:16:36,480 --> 00:16:39,840 the Chief, Murdoch, the Captain and myself. 233 00:16:42,000 --> 00:16:43,976 I hauled them out, 234 00:16:44,000 --> 00:16:48,000 still in all their pristine newness and grease. 235 00:16:51,440 --> 00:16:52,800 Here you are. 236 00:16:54,760 --> 00:16:57,696 I was going out when the Chief Officer 237 00:16:57,720 --> 00:16:59,816 shoved one of the revolvers into my hands 238 00:16:59,840 --> 00:17:03,776 with a handful of ammunition and said, 239 00:17:03,800 --> 00:17:06,160 "Here you are. You may need it." 240 00:17:08,080 --> 00:17:12,096 The fact of the matter is there are far more passengers than crew. 241 00:17:12,120 --> 00:17:14,976 British and American society at this time 242 00:17:15,000 --> 00:17:17,536 is hierarchical and it's rules-based. 243 00:17:17,560 --> 00:17:19,656 People will do what they are told, 244 00:17:19,680 --> 00:17:22,736 but not when their lives are at stake. 245 00:17:22,760 --> 00:17:24,536 This is what the officers fear. 246 00:17:24,560 --> 00:17:26,976 But, you know, Chekhov said, 247 00:17:27,000 --> 00:17:29,800 "You can't put a gun in the room and not use it." 248 00:17:44,440 --> 00:17:47,536 Third class passengers naturally gravitated towards 249 00:17:47,560 --> 00:17:48,896 the aft well deck, 250 00:17:48,920 --> 00:17:51,616 which is the outdoor space that they'd had use of. 251 00:17:51,640 --> 00:17:54,856 But it is still three decks below the boat deck, 252 00:17:54,880 --> 00:17:56,400 where the lifeboats are. 253 00:18:07,320 --> 00:18:10,456 There was a lot of confusion, 254 00:18:10,480 --> 00:18:12,816 with people running around, 255 00:18:12,840 --> 00:18:18,056 crying, swearing and... praying. 256 00:18:18,080 --> 00:18:19,456 Since I couldn't speak English, 257 00:18:19,480 --> 00:18:21,360 I hardly knew what was happening. 258 00:18:24,640 --> 00:18:29,560 I had to push people apart to find a place to walk. 259 00:18:34,200 --> 00:18:35,416 She doesn't speak English, 260 00:18:35,440 --> 00:18:38,176 there's no-one experienced to advise her, 261 00:18:38,200 --> 00:18:42,696 so she's working this all out with so much against her. 262 00:18:42,720 --> 00:18:45,456 There's a sea of passengers already gathered there, 263 00:18:45,480 --> 00:18:49,816 so Eugene and Anna are joining this throng of people. 264 00:18:49,840 --> 00:18:52,176 I went up on deck. 265 00:18:52,200 --> 00:18:54,040 People were running around. 266 00:18:56,000 --> 00:18:57,976 The Titanic, being an immigrant ship, 267 00:18:58,000 --> 00:19:02,376 it must conform to American and British immigration laws, 268 00:19:02,400 --> 00:19:04,976 and one of those laws is around quarantine - 269 00:19:05,000 --> 00:19:08,296 maintaining steerage class passengers 270 00:19:08,320 --> 00:19:12,256 in areas separate from the first and second class passengers 271 00:19:12,280 --> 00:19:14,416 to stop the spread of disease. 272 00:19:14,440 --> 00:19:17,536 Before the third class passengers have even boarded Titanic, 273 00:19:17,560 --> 00:19:20,976 they've had to be subjected to medical examinations. 274 00:19:21,000 --> 00:19:23,976 They're hemmed in by locked gates, 275 00:19:24,000 --> 00:19:26,976 and these same gates that were meant to prevent ill health 276 00:19:27,000 --> 00:19:29,976 are now blocking their access to the lifeboats. 277 00:19:30,000 --> 00:19:32,976 Eugene's cousin, Maggie, tries to go back to her cabin - 278 00:19:33,000 --> 00:19:35,800 but that corridor is under five foot of water. 279 00:19:37,160 --> 00:19:40,976 There's no chance she can make it, and she turns back. 280 00:19:41,000 --> 00:19:43,976 All this time, we knew that the water was coming up - 281 00:19:44,000 --> 00:19:45,360 and up rapidly. 282 00:19:48,000 --> 00:19:51,496 To know that safety is on the other side of that locked gate, 283 00:19:51,520 --> 00:19:52,880 it must make them despair. 284 00:20:08,320 --> 00:20:11,656 The boat was practically full 285 00:20:11,680 --> 00:20:15,696 and there were no other women anywhere near it 286 00:20:15,720 --> 00:20:21,736 when Fifth Officer Lowe jumped in and ordered it lowered. 287 00:20:21,760 --> 00:20:23,040 Lower the boat. 288 00:20:25,000 --> 00:20:26,456 A young lad, 289 00:20:26,480 --> 00:20:28,376 hardly more than a schoolboy, 290 00:20:28,400 --> 00:20:31,536 was standing close to the rail. 291 00:20:31,560 --> 00:20:35,176 Now, realising he was to be left behind, 292 00:20:35,200 --> 00:20:37,576 he leapt down into the boat 293 00:20:37,600 --> 00:20:40,520 and crawled under a seat. 294 00:20:43,760 --> 00:20:45,976 But the officer dragged him to his feet 295 00:20:46,000 --> 00:20:48,480 and ordered him back onto the ship. 296 00:20:52,320 --> 00:20:53,696 We begged for his life. 297 00:20:53,720 --> 00:20:55,000 Please, give him a chance! 298 00:20:58,360 --> 00:21:00,976 The officer drew his revolver 299 00:21:01,000 --> 00:21:04,136 and thrust it into his face. 300 00:21:04,160 --> 00:21:07,096 GASPING 301 00:21:07,120 --> 00:21:09,456 "I give you ten seconds 302 00:21:09,480 --> 00:21:11,976 "to get back onto that ship 303 00:21:12,000 --> 00:21:14,240 "before I blow your brains out." 304 00:21:16,000 --> 00:21:17,816 Please! Please! 305 00:21:17,840 --> 00:21:19,696 The lad only begged harder. 306 00:21:19,720 --> 00:21:22,456 Please! Please! Please don't! 307 00:21:22,480 --> 00:21:26,000 My mother said I called out, "Don't shoot!" 308 00:21:32,240 --> 00:21:36,040 The officer suddenly changed his tone. 309 00:21:37,840 --> 00:21:40,576 He lowered his revolver 310 00:21:40,600 --> 00:21:44,400 and looked the boy squarely in the eyes. 311 00:21:47,400 --> 00:21:49,536 "For God's sake, be a man. 312 00:21:49,560 --> 00:21:51,816 "We have got women and children." 313 00:21:51,840 --> 00:21:54,656 For God's sake, we have women and children. 314 00:21:54,680 --> 00:21:59,440 The little lad turned round and climbed back without a word. 315 00:22:04,440 --> 00:22:05,760 He was not saved. 316 00:22:08,280 --> 00:22:10,560 Lower the boats! 317 00:22:12,560 --> 00:22:15,976 To avoid another occurrence of that sort, 318 00:22:16,000 --> 00:22:17,776 I fired my revolver 319 00:22:17,800 --> 00:22:19,680 as I was going down each deck. 320 00:22:20,640 --> 00:22:23,376 Because the boat wouldn't stand the sudden jerk. 321 00:22:23,400 --> 00:22:26,576 She was loaded already with people and would not stand any more. 322 00:22:26,600 --> 00:22:29,680 GUNSHOTS 323 00:22:31,400 --> 00:22:34,816 Actually drawing the gun shows that the ship's officers 324 00:22:34,840 --> 00:22:38,976 realised that things were very, very desperate indeed, 325 00:22:39,000 --> 00:22:43,176 and of course we did not have enough lifeboats for everybody on board. 326 00:22:43,200 --> 00:22:46,576 There are ten lifeboats left on deck now, 327 00:22:46,600 --> 00:22:50,736 and 1,960 people still to save. 328 00:22:50,760 --> 00:22:53,656 Titanic now was so low in the water 329 00:22:53,680 --> 00:22:56,776 that iconic areas like the grand staircase 330 00:22:56,800 --> 00:23:00,096 and some of the luxury state rooms were flooding. 331 00:23:00,120 --> 00:23:03,416 There was no doubt at all that this was unstoppable. 332 00:23:03,440 --> 00:23:05,200 It was merely a question of time. 333 00:23:18,640 --> 00:23:21,120 Phillips told me the wireless was growing weaker. 334 00:23:25,240 --> 00:23:28,096 Jack Phillips has spent the last few hours 335 00:23:28,120 --> 00:23:31,976 trying to communicate with other wireless operators. 336 00:23:32,000 --> 00:23:36,376 {\an8}Carpathia is sailing at full speed towards Titanic, 337 00:23:36,400 --> 00:23:38,976 {\an8}but she's still two hours away. 338 00:23:39,000 --> 00:23:41,976 On the nearest ship, the Californian, 339 00:23:42,000 --> 00:23:46,976 nobody recognised or responded to the distress flares. 340 00:23:47,000 --> 00:23:50,696 But Phillips stills believes that, as long as he can get signals out, 341 00:23:50,720 --> 00:23:54,136 he may be of some use. 342 00:23:54,160 --> 00:23:57,520 But now the electricity is starting to fail. 343 00:23:59,560 --> 00:24:03,400 Then he does get a message from his sister ship, Olympic. 344 00:24:10,120 --> 00:24:12,976 {\an8}But she seems not to understand at all 345 00:24:13,000 --> 00:24:15,216 what is happening to Titanic 346 00:24:15,240 --> 00:24:17,976 and thinks Titanic must be limping along, 347 00:24:18,000 --> 00:24:20,256 sailing towards them. 348 00:24:20,280 --> 00:24:22,976 The frustration here is now clear 349 00:24:23,000 --> 00:24:25,976 because the messages are not getting through. 350 00:24:26,000 --> 00:24:28,976 For this young man in his mid-twenties, 351 00:24:29,000 --> 00:24:31,680 I think this is the place of utmost distress. 352 00:24:33,400 --> 00:24:36,976 Right now, it's clear on board ship that no rescue vessel 353 00:24:37,000 --> 00:24:41,040 is going to reach Titanic before she sinks. 354 00:24:49,280 --> 00:24:52,656 The third class passengers are at most risk at this moment. 355 00:24:52,680 --> 00:24:54,656 There's the language difficulties, 356 00:24:54,680 --> 00:24:57,496 there's probably a bit of aggression I think that's setting in - 357 00:24:57,520 --> 00:24:59,560 annoyance, frustration. 358 00:25:00,760 --> 00:25:05,976 We had quite a number of hot-headed Italians 359 00:25:06,000 --> 00:25:10,616 and other people who got crazy and made for the stairs. 360 00:25:10,640 --> 00:25:13,656 These men tried to rush the stairway, 361 00:25:13,680 --> 00:25:16,640 pushing and crowding and pulling the women down. 362 00:25:18,760 --> 00:25:23,976 {\an8}At this moment, we would expect the adrenaline to kick in. 363 00:25:24,000 --> 00:25:25,816 The body wants to survive, 364 00:25:25,840 --> 00:25:28,136 and it gives us some sort of innate choices. 365 00:25:28,160 --> 00:25:30,336 You might fight your way to the front physically, 366 00:25:30,360 --> 00:25:31,456 people might freeze - 367 00:25:31,480 --> 00:25:32,776 where they're just stuck. 368 00:25:32,800 --> 00:25:34,776 They're in terror, they don't know what to do. 369 00:25:34,800 --> 00:25:37,976 We also see people who are turning inward, 370 00:25:38,000 --> 00:25:39,976 and that would be turning to God as well. 371 00:25:40,000 --> 00:25:41,880 Making the sign of the cross and so on. 372 00:25:43,000 --> 00:25:46,016 The first class deck was higher up than the steerage deck 373 00:25:46,040 --> 00:25:48,136 and there were some steps leading up to it 374 00:25:48,160 --> 00:25:51,296 and a gate at the top of the steps. 375 00:25:51,320 --> 00:25:52,976 They tried to keep us down at first 376 00:25:53,000 --> 00:25:55,000 on our steerage deck at the back of the ship. 377 00:25:56,720 --> 00:25:59,256 They're trying to keep order, 378 00:25:59,280 --> 00:26:02,976 but by doing so in such a chaotic way 379 00:26:03,000 --> 00:26:05,456 they probably contribute to a greater loss of life 380 00:26:05,480 --> 00:26:07,160 than they realised. 381 00:26:10,840 --> 00:26:12,736 I can't say who they were. 382 00:26:12,760 --> 00:26:14,096 I think they were sailors. 383 00:26:14,120 --> 00:26:16,176 DANIEL SCOFFS 384 00:26:16,200 --> 00:26:19,000 They didn't want us going up to the first class place at all. 385 00:26:22,720 --> 00:26:24,776 Even though there's no direct policy 386 00:26:24,800 --> 00:26:27,976 preventing third class passengers from accessing lifeboats, 387 00:26:28,000 --> 00:26:30,616 it's clear from their testimony after the sinking 388 00:26:30,640 --> 00:26:33,416 that there was not a level playing field. 389 00:26:33,440 --> 00:26:35,616 The third class were left marginalised 390 00:26:35,640 --> 00:26:38,320 and endangered by crew's actions. 391 00:26:43,120 --> 00:26:44,480 There was no help... 392 00:26:45,880 --> 00:26:48,040 ..of any kind to reach safety. 393 00:26:54,000 --> 00:26:56,136 So, time is ticking down, 394 00:26:56,160 --> 00:26:57,616 the water's rising, 395 00:26:57,640 --> 00:26:59,256 they're sandwiched in-between 396 00:26:59,280 --> 00:27:02,336 the sea and the locked gate. 397 00:27:02,360 --> 00:27:06,816 They're having to make life or death decisions in moments 398 00:27:06,840 --> 00:27:08,480 with very little information. 399 00:27:12,360 --> 00:27:15,976 I got talking to a young Swedish girl 400 00:27:16,000 --> 00:27:18,760 returning to the United States. 401 00:27:19,880 --> 00:27:24,976 She knew about an emergency stairway 402 00:27:25,000 --> 00:27:26,640 to where the lifeboats were. 403 00:27:30,080 --> 00:27:32,136 Anna's interesting because she's come from 404 00:27:32,160 --> 00:27:33,416 a different environment. 405 00:27:33,440 --> 00:27:36,696 She's come from Finland, where the social strata 406 00:27:36,720 --> 00:27:40,176 isn't quite as defined as it is in England at the time. 407 00:27:40,200 --> 00:27:42,296 Perhaps she has a little bit more leeway 408 00:27:42,320 --> 00:27:47,376 to not rely on following the authority figures' orders. 409 00:27:47,400 --> 00:27:52,096 We climb a ladder up to the first class deck. 410 00:27:52,120 --> 00:27:55,000 And then an officer saw me... 411 00:27:56,200 --> 00:27:59,040 ..and dragged me up to the next deck. 412 00:28:04,400 --> 00:28:06,080 We passed a window... 413 00:28:07,600 --> 00:28:11,056 ..and we looked into a beautiful room. 414 00:28:11,080 --> 00:28:15,376 The tables were so beautifully set. 415 00:28:15,400 --> 00:28:19,560 The silver and all the furniture. 416 00:28:21,720 --> 00:28:22,856 The other girl, 417 00:28:22,880 --> 00:28:26,216 she wanted to kick the window out 418 00:28:26,240 --> 00:28:29,976 and walk in and help ourselves. 419 00:28:30,000 --> 00:28:32,216 ANNA SPEAKS SWEDISH 420 00:28:32,240 --> 00:28:34,976 I told her that they might make us pay for the broken window 421 00:28:35,000 --> 00:28:37,560 so we didn't. 422 00:28:40,560 --> 00:28:42,296 There's some evidence that growing up 423 00:28:42,320 --> 00:28:43,976 in adverse situations 424 00:28:44,000 --> 00:28:46,976 actually gives you a kind of cognitive toolkit to be able 425 00:28:47,000 --> 00:28:48,976 to get through those situations. 426 00:28:49,000 --> 00:28:51,976 All kinds of skills where you've needed to survive 427 00:28:52,000 --> 00:28:53,776 and depend on yourself. 428 00:28:53,800 --> 00:28:57,256 And that translates really quite well to an emergency scenario. 429 00:28:57,280 --> 00:28:59,216 The third class passengers have survived 430 00:28:59,240 --> 00:29:01,240 so many different challenges already. 431 00:29:07,480 --> 00:29:10,456 They must've felt their confidence and trust 432 00:29:10,480 --> 00:29:14,656 in the crew and officers had gone. 433 00:29:14,680 --> 00:29:17,976 I think these were people who were not taking no for an answer. 434 00:29:18,000 --> 00:29:19,560 They couldn't keep them down. 435 00:29:24,720 --> 00:29:27,216 GUNSHOT 436 00:29:27,240 --> 00:29:28,640 The gate was broke. 437 00:29:30,400 --> 00:29:33,976 All the steerage passengers went up onto the first class deck. 438 00:29:34,000 --> 00:29:36,776 They're going to take fate into their own hands, 439 00:29:36,800 --> 00:29:39,616 and they will get to those boats. 440 00:29:39,640 --> 00:29:40,776 In the same way that I think, 441 00:29:40,800 --> 00:29:43,536 when Officer Lowe fired his gun, he changed the terms - 442 00:29:43,560 --> 00:29:45,880 by breaking the gate, they changed the terms. 443 00:29:49,880 --> 00:29:53,240 I rushed to the lifeboats. 444 00:29:55,000 --> 00:29:58,200 There seemed hundreds of people around me. 445 00:30:00,000 --> 00:30:01,976 Half the lifeboats have already gone. 446 00:30:02,000 --> 00:30:03,336 They're in the water. 447 00:30:03,360 --> 00:30:05,696 There's only four lifeboats at this end of the ship, 448 00:30:05,720 --> 00:30:08,800 and the others are hundreds of yards ahead. 449 00:30:10,320 --> 00:30:12,616 Seeing only four lifeboats available 450 00:30:12,640 --> 00:30:15,976 and nearly 2,000 people trying to get into them, 451 00:30:16,000 --> 00:30:18,520 there is such panic in that crowd. 452 00:30:21,760 --> 00:30:24,560 Everywhere, everybody was confused. 453 00:30:25,880 --> 00:30:28,376 I saw a lot of people, 454 00:30:28,400 --> 00:30:30,096 Catholics, 455 00:30:30,120 --> 00:30:32,320 make the sign of the cross. 456 00:30:34,480 --> 00:30:36,280 I had to step... 457 00:30:38,000 --> 00:30:39,496 ..on many of these people 458 00:30:39,520 --> 00:30:42,840 to reach the side of the deck. 459 00:30:46,000 --> 00:30:47,496 The crying of children 460 00:30:47,520 --> 00:30:49,536 and the screaming of a woman - 461 00:30:49,560 --> 00:30:51,456 you know, these are terrifying sounds 462 00:30:51,480 --> 00:30:56,416 that we are programmed to have a sort of visceral reaction to. 463 00:30:56,440 --> 00:30:58,696 I remember from living through my trauma, 464 00:30:58,720 --> 00:31:00,216 my wounding in Afghanistan, 465 00:31:00,240 --> 00:31:03,416 sounds stay with you far more than sights. 466 00:31:03,440 --> 00:31:05,576 That is a powerful thing for the senses 467 00:31:05,600 --> 00:31:07,216 to take on board 468 00:31:07,240 --> 00:31:10,416 and for ultimately you to then have to live with. 469 00:31:10,440 --> 00:31:15,976 I tried to get into a lifeboat. 470 00:31:16,000 --> 00:31:17,240 And I was pushed back. 471 00:31:23,160 --> 00:31:26,480 It seemed as though I would go down with the ship. 472 00:31:45,200 --> 00:31:48,176 Ideas about self-control and stoicism 473 00:31:48,200 --> 00:31:50,096 and self-sacrifice 474 00:31:50,120 --> 00:31:51,976 are celebrated 475 00:31:52,000 --> 00:31:55,976 as forms of gentlemanliness, as well as manliness. 476 00:31:56,000 --> 00:32:00,296 These are the values that they've been told to hold to. 477 00:32:00,320 --> 00:32:04,336 And it means putting yourself second. 478 00:32:04,360 --> 00:32:06,176 That is the ideal 479 00:32:06,200 --> 00:32:08,560 as far as Edwardian society is concerned. 480 00:32:12,000 --> 00:32:14,976 Bruce Ismay, who is the Managing Director of the White Star Line, 481 00:32:15,000 --> 00:32:17,656 his father had founded the White Star Line. 482 00:32:17,680 --> 00:32:20,216 And The Titanic is basically his idea. 483 00:32:20,240 --> 00:32:22,976 This is the crowning achievement of his career - 484 00:32:23,000 --> 00:32:27,736 the creation of this amazing, opulent ship. 485 00:32:27,760 --> 00:32:34,040 And now he can see that it is all going to the bottom of the sea. 486 00:32:43,360 --> 00:32:46,200 Did you think it was in a very serious condition? 487 00:32:47,400 --> 00:32:50,616 As time got on, I did. 488 00:32:50,640 --> 00:32:52,776 And that the ship was sinking? 489 00:32:52,800 --> 00:32:54,040 I did. 490 00:32:56,560 --> 00:32:59,696 I helped for nearly two hours, as far as I can judge, 491 00:32:59,720 --> 00:33:01,696 at the starboard boats, 492 00:33:01,720 --> 00:33:03,496 helping women and children into the boats 493 00:33:03,520 --> 00:33:05,000 and lowering them over the side. 494 00:33:07,440 --> 00:33:10,816 I think the sense of responsibility for Bruce Ismay 495 00:33:10,840 --> 00:33:12,576 must have been huge, 496 00:33:12,600 --> 00:33:15,696 and we see this in the fact that he spends time 497 00:33:15,720 --> 00:33:17,496 patrolling the boat deck, 498 00:33:17,520 --> 00:33:19,776 putting people into boats, 499 00:33:19,800 --> 00:33:22,776 instructing crew how to behave. 500 00:33:22,800 --> 00:33:27,096 But he knows that there aren't enough lifeboats on board. 501 00:33:27,120 --> 00:33:30,976 He knows by this point that there's no rescue ship coming 502 00:33:31,000 --> 00:33:32,656 any time soon. 503 00:33:32,680 --> 00:33:35,520 These lives are on his conscience. 504 00:33:46,000 --> 00:33:50,016 The ship was listing heavily 505 00:33:50,040 --> 00:33:51,976 in the bow. 506 00:33:52,000 --> 00:33:54,976 Somebody gave me a push 507 00:33:55,000 --> 00:33:56,680 towards a boat... 508 00:33:59,280 --> 00:34:00,816 ..and I got in. 509 00:34:00,840 --> 00:34:02,840 That girl and I went together. 510 00:34:07,120 --> 00:34:09,720 The lifeboat was so crowded. 511 00:34:24,320 --> 00:34:28,336 When I got to the deck, a lifeboat was having from the davit. 512 00:34:28,360 --> 00:34:29,680 Number 13 boat. 513 00:34:31,560 --> 00:34:33,976 It was pretty well-filled when I got there. 514 00:34:34,000 --> 00:34:35,360 Right! 515 00:34:37,240 --> 00:34:39,376 The boatswainer knew me, 516 00:34:39,400 --> 00:34:42,096 as I'd sailed with him on other ships before. 517 00:34:42,120 --> 00:34:44,776 Said to me, "You get on this boat and pull an oar." 518 00:34:44,800 --> 00:34:46,800 Get in the boat! I need oarsmen! 519 00:34:48,120 --> 00:34:49,976 Fred is in the lifeboat. 520 00:34:50,000 --> 00:34:53,536 Because, you know, he's one of those strong enough to be able to row it. 521 00:34:53,560 --> 00:34:56,816 And at this stage, the crew is now starting to really 522 00:34:56,840 --> 00:34:58,520 fill the lifeboats. 523 00:34:59,680 --> 00:35:01,336 So I took his orders 524 00:35:01,360 --> 00:35:03,520 and I got on as she swung from the davits. 525 00:35:04,720 --> 00:35:08,600 We had women, men and two little babies. 526 00:35:09,840 --> 00:35:11,776 One two months old 527 00:35:11,800 --> 00:35:13,360 and the other ten months old. 528 00:35:16,080 --> 00:35:17,456 There is no real order. 529 00:35:17,480 --> 00:35:19,696 People are sitting on top of one another. 530 00:35:19,720 --> 00:35:21,376 And, you know, you're sort of being crushed 531 00:35:21,400 --> 00:35:23,696 underneath this mass of people. 532 00:35:23,720 --> 00:35:26,256 It's suspended by davits 533 00:35:26,280 --> 00:35:28,256 off the side of the ship at this point. 534 00:35:28,280 --> 00:35:31,296 It's about 18 metres above the water. 535 00:35:31,320 --> 00:35:34,976 But every person that gets in adds that weight, 536 00:35:35,000 --> 00:35:36,976 adds that movement, adds that risk. 537 00:35:37,000 --> 00:35:39,560 And so there has to be a point at which you say, "That's enough." 538 00:35:41,400 --> 00:35:44,976 About three more people got in after I did, 539 00:35:45,000 --> 00:35:46,216 and then the orders were given. 540 00:35:46,240 --> 00:35:49,040 "Let no more on that boat or the falls will break." 541 00:35:51,080 --> 00:35:53,456 That means looking into the whites of people's eyes 542 00:35:53,480 --> 00:35:55,480 and saying there's no more space. 543 00:36:10,440 --> 00:36:12,400 The boat was being filled with women. 544 00:36:18,840 --> 00:36:20,680 Maggie and Bertha got in. 545 00:36:22,120 --> 00:36:23,640 And I got in. 546 00:36:28,280 --> 00:36:32,040 The officer called me to go back, but I got in. 547 00:36:33,320 --> 00:36:35,656 Life was sweet to me 548 00:36:35,680 --> 00:36:39,120 and I wanted to save myself. 549 00:36:40,360 --> 00:36:42,216 It was the early hours of the morning, 550 00:36:42,240 --> 00:36:44,176 the lifeboats were being filled to the brim now, 551 00:36:44,200 --> 00:36:45,336 over-filled. 552 00:36:45,360 --> 00:36:47,976 Naturally some male passengers want to get in. 553 00:36:48,000 --> 00:36:49,536 They want to be with their loved ones. 554 00:36:49,560 --> 00:36:51,296 And they just want to save their lives, 555 00:36:51,320 --> 00:36:52,680 as any of us would. 556 00:36:54,320 --> 00:36:56,656 They told me to get out, 557 00:36:56,680 --> 00:36:58,120 but I didn't stir. 558 00:37:00,800 --> 00:37:03,800 Then they got a hold of me and pulled me out. 559 00:37:05,880 --> 00:37:08,656 Eugene's testimony makes me like him. 560 00:37:08,680 --> 00:37:10,736 I think he's honest, he's frank. 561 00:37:10,760 --> 00:37:14,336 He's not trying to put a spin on his own behaviour 562 00:37:14,360 --> 00:37:16,016 or anyone else's. 563 00:37:16,040 --> 00:37:18,616 I get the feeling of a real historical account 564 00:37:18,640 --> 00:37:21,296 in its warts-and-all attitude. 565 00:37:21,320 --> 00:37:23,216 What's sad about this story 566 00:37:23,240 --> 00:37:25,976 is that most of those officers knew the people 567 00:37:26,000 --> 00:37:27,496 that they were turning away - 568 00:37:27,520 --> 00:37:30,840 in the sense that they were from the same class, the same kind. 569 00:37:32,160 --> 00:37:35,000 Well, if I didn't save myself... 570 00:37:36,240 --> 00:37:38,680 ..at least I saved the two girls. 571 00:38:03,200 --> 00:38:04,976 Captain Smith had severe doubts 572 00:38:05,000 --> 00:38:09,336 about whether a fully laden lifeboat could be lowered properly. 573 00:38:09,360 --> 00:38:10,976 He knew there were a lot of people 574 00:38:11,000 --> 00:38:14,536 waiting down at the gangway doors to get into boats, 575 00:38:14,560 --> 00:38:15,656 and therefore he thought, 576 00:38:15,680 --> 00:38:18,136 "How can I manage to get these boats full? 577 00:38:18,160 --> 00:38:20,656 "how can I save as many of the people 578 00:38:20,680 --> 00:38:24,120 "whose lives I am responsible for as is possible?" 579 00:38:27,000 --> 00:38:28,216 {\an8}The captain came and said, 580 00:38:28,240 --> 00:38:30,496 {\an8}"Mr Boxhall, you go away in that boat," 581 00:38:30,520 --> 00:38:32,440 {\an8}pointing to boat number two. 582 00:38:36,400 --> 00:38:39,576 I tumbled into this lifeboat and started to lower her, 583 00:38:39,600 --> 00:38:41,736 and the captain looked over and told me, 584 00:38:41,760 --> 00:38:43,736 "Go round to the starboard side..." 585 00:38:43,760 --> 00:38:45,496 To the gangway doors! 586 00:38:45,520 --> 00:38:47,976 Which was practically on the opposite side 587 00:38:48,000 --> 00:38:49,320 to where I was lowered. 588 00:38:50,680 --> 00:38:51,896 Pull! 589 00:38:51,920 --> 00:38:54,176 So Boxhall's lifeboat 590 00:38:54,200 --> 00:38:56,216 was only about 45% full, 591 00:38:56,240 --> 00:38:58,416 was meant to go round to the starboard side 592 00:38:58,440 --> 00:39:01,376 of the ship to take on more passengers. 593 00:39:01,400 --> 00:39:03,096 Pull! 594 00:39:03,120 --> 00:39:07,040 I had great difficulty in getting that boat around there. 595 00:39:08,800 --> 00:39:10,240 There was suction. 596 00:39:11,640 --> 00:39:13,040 Pull! 597 00:39:14,640 --> 00:39:17,456 I was using the stroke oar standing up 598 00:39:17,480 --> 00:39:19,976 and there was this lady helping. 599 00:39:20,000 --> 00:39:22,400 She was steering around the ship's stern. 600 00:39:23,680 --> 00:39:26,256 When I passed around the boat 601 00:39:26,280 --> 00:39:29,000 to get to the gangway door on the starboard side... 602 00:39:30,600 --> 00:39:32,320 ..her propellers were out of water. 603 00:39:34,920 --> 00:39:37,000 But when I did eventually reach there... 604 00:39:39,400 --> 00:39:43,296 ..I found that there was such a mob standing at the gangway doors. 605 00:39:43,320 --> 00:39:45,600 SHOUTING 606 00:39:59,920 --> 00:40:02,096 If they jumped, 607 00:40:02,120 --> 00:40:03,480 they'd swamp the boat. 608 00:40:05,560 --> 00:40:08,536 I daren't go alongside. 609 00:40:08,560 --> 00:40:10,200 She was only a small boat. 610 00:40:15,280 --> 00:40:19,256 Boxhall should've made sure that he filled the lifeboat up, 611 00:40:19,280 --> 00:40:22,296 and take necessary action to make sure he wasn't swamped. 612 00:40:22,320 --> 00:40:25,496 He was in a position to do that - and he didn't. 613 00:40:25,520 --> 00:40:27,896 Pull! 614 00:40:27,920 --> 00:40:29,056 It's a really tricky one - 615 00:40:29,080 --> 00:40:32,136 because, yes, crew should follow orders 616 00:40:32,160 --> 00:40:34,856 and the structure of discipline is how you can try 617 00:40:34,880 --> 00:40:38,256 and create some form of order in moments of chaos. 618 00:40:38,280 --> 00:40:40,976 There is a good reason why, 619 00:40:41,000 --> 00:40:42,656 you know, in circumstances, 620 00:40:42,680 --> 00:40:44,616 we are not to question orders. 621 00:40:44,640 --> 00:40:45,976 Having said that, 622 00:40:46,000 --> 00:40:48,256 it's all well and good one of your superiors 623 00:40:48,280 --> 00:40:49,976 giving you an order. 624 00:40:50,000 --> 00:40:52,176 But they're not seeing the circumstances 625 00:40:52,200 --> 00:40:53,480 that you are witnessing. 626 00:40:56,000 --> 00:40:57,456 Pull! 627 00:40:57,480 --> 00:40:59,800 I pulled off and laid off... 628 00:41:01,440 --> 00:41:06,320 ..until I pulled away about a quarter of a mile, I suppose. 629 00:41:31,000 --> 00:41:34,176 So, the instinct to row away is very normal, 630 00:41:34,200 --> 00:41:35,536 very human. 631 00:41:35,560 --> 00:41:37,976 Everybody wants to get away from the scene 632 00:41:38,000 --> 00:41:39,976 of an accident or a disaster. 633 00:41:40,000 --> 00:41:42,456 And this ship is huge. 634 00:41:42,480 --> 00:41:45,040 People had never seen anything this big. 635 00:41:50,000 --> 00:41:52,976 Captain Smith is out there with his megaphone 636 00:41:53,000 --> 00:41:54,176 barking orders... 637 00:41:54,200 --> 00:41:55,816 Bring those boats back! 638 00:41:55,840 --> 00:41:59,640 ..for the lifeboats to come back and pick up other passengers. 639 00:42:09,240 --> 00:42:10,976 It's almost instinctive, 640 00:42:11,000 --> 00:42:14,536 and it's driven into you from the day you join the Royal Navy - 641 00:42:14,560 --> 00:42:17,976 or the Merchant Navy - that you obey your captain and do as he says. 642 00:42:18,000 --> 00:42:19,976 He is God, in a sense. 643 00:42:20,000 --> 00:42:22,496 And therefore not to do as you're told 644 00:42:22,520 --> 00:42:24,040 is a heinous crime. 645 00:42:28,520 --> 00:42:29,776 Quartermaster Hichens, 646 00:42:29,800 --> 00:42:33,256 who was in command of one of the lifeboats, said, 647 00:42:33,280 --> 00:42:35,456 "It's our lives now, not theirs." 648 00:42:35,480 --> 00:42:37,376 I find that quite extraordinary. 649 00:42:37,400 --> 00:42:38,656 The bottom line should be: 650 00:42:38,680 --> 00:42:41,096 "I want to save as many as I can." 651 00:42:41,120 --> 00:42:44,000 "It's our lives now, not theirs." 652 00:42:45,000 --> 00:42:47,216 This is the moment of mutiny. 653 00:42:47,240 --> 00:42:51,616 This is when all order has broken down. 654 00:42:51,640 --> 00:42:54,736 "We are not going to stand by any more and drown 655 00:42:54,760 --> 00:42:56,776 "because you tell us to." 656 00:42:56,800 --> 00:42:58,000 Fair enough. 657 00:43:03,840 --> 00:43:07,976 We had gone perhaps half a mile 658 00:43:08,000 --> 00:43:11,040 when the officer ordered the men to cease rowing. 659 00:43:15,800 --> 00:43:17,736 No other boat was in sight. 660 00:43:17,760 --> 00:43:21,880 We didn't even have a lantern to signal with. 661 00:43:23,840 --> 00:43:26,656 We lay there in the silence 662 00:43:26,680 --> 00:43:30,640 and darkness of that calm sea. 663 00:43:35,920 --> 00:43:37,057 No sound reached us... 664 00:43:37,081 --> 00:43:38,240 MUSIC PLAYS 665 00:43:40,360 --> 00:43:42,976 ..except the music from the band, 666 00:43:43,000 --> 00:43:47,040 which I was aware of for the first time. 667 00:43:49,520 --> 00:43:54,040 Those... brave musicians. 668 00:43:56,360 --> 00:44:00,376 They were playing lively tunes. 669 00:44:00,400 --> 00:44:01,720 Ragtime. 670 00:44:05,160 --> 00:44:08,296 I will never forget the terrible beauty 671 00:44:08,320 --> 00:44:10,040 of the Titanic at that moment. 672 00:44:21,400 --> 00:44:24,480 I started to count the rows of lights. 673 00:44:27,120 --> 00:44:29,136 One, 674 00:44:29,160 --> 00:44:31,776 two, 675 00:44:31,800 --> 00:44:33,856 three, 676 00:44:33,880 --> 00:44:35,856 four, 677 00:44:35,880 --> 00:44:37,560 five... 678 00:44:41,000 --> 00:44:42,400 I stopped. 679 00:44:44,000 --> 00:44:46,360 Surely I had miscounted? 680 00:44:50,680 --> 00:44:53,776 I went over them again, more carefully, 681 00:44:53,800 --> 00:44:56,480 and I had made no mistake. 682 00:44:59,000 --> 00:45:00,760 There were only five decks now. 683 00:45:02,240 --> 00:45:04,456 As if all could read my mind, 684 00:45:04,480 --> 00:45:07,760 the women in the boat started to weep. 685 00:45:09,000 --> 00:45:13,200 Some silently, some unrestrainedly. 686 00:45:20,000 --> 00:45:23,096 Just before launching the last lifeboats, 687 00:45:23,120 --> 00:45:27,216 I'd made my final hurried visit to the emergency stairway 688 00:45:27,240 --> 00:45:29,280 to gauge how quickly she was going down. 689 00:45:36,360 --> 00:45:41,256 It was then conclusively evident that not only was she going, 690 00:45:41,280 --> 00:45:44,240 but she was going very soon. 691 00:45:48,000 --> 00:45:50,616 Even in pants and sweater over pyjamas alone, 692 00:45:50,640 --> 00:45:52,240 I was in a bath of perspiration. 693 00:45:53,760 --> 00:45:58,256 If we were to avoid the disgrace of going down with lifeboats 694 00:45:58,280 --> 00:45:59,656 still hanging to the davits, 695 00:45:59,680 --> 00:46:01,600 there wasn't one moment to lose. 696 00:46:11,240 --> 00:46:14,160 The forward well deck was under water. 697 00:46:16,560 --> 00:46:18,440 I saw Phillips still sending away. 698 00:46:19,680 --> 00:46:22,816 I suspect many people on the ship by now 699 00:46:22,840 --> 00:46:24,536 were in an altered state, 700 00:46:24,560 --> 00:46:28,456 which we know is what happens when people are facing death. 701 00:46:28,480 --> 00:46:31,776 Jack Phillips won't leave his post. 702 00:46:31,800 --> 00:46:36,856 It is a clear, single focus on what he believed to be right. 703 00:46:36,880 --> 00:46:38,976 And he believes the right thing to do 704 00:46:39,000 --> 00:46:42,056 is to stay there until it's all over. 705 00:46:42,080 --> 00:46:45,256 Again, Phillips called SQD and SOS for nearly five minutes 706 00:46:45,280 --> 00:46:46,520 and got no reply. 707 00:46:56,560 --> 00:46:59,776 We now realised the awful state of affairs, 708 00:46:59,800 --> 00:47:02,120 the ship listing heavily to port and forward. 709 00:47:03,720 --> 00:47:05,176 I thought it was about time to look about 710 00:47:05,200 --> 00:47:08,056 and see if there was anything that would float. 711 00:47:08,080 --> 00:47:11,000 I remembered that every member of the crew had a lifebelt. 712 00:47:12,320 --> 00:47:14,496 And then I thought how cold the water was. 713 00:47:14,520 --> 00:47:17,776 I remembered I had some boots, and I put those on - 714 00:47:17,800 --> 00:47:19,136 and an extra jacket. 715 00:47:19,160 --> 00:47:20,696 We picked up the Olympic and told them 716 00:47:20,720 --> 00:47:23,280 we were sinking by the head and were about all down. 717 00:47:24,600 --> 00:47:27,776 Phillips is leading from the front. 718 00:47:27,800 --> 00:47:29,296 He's a hero. 719 00:47:29,320 --> 00:47:32,696 It's easier to understand 720 00:47:32,720 --> 00:47:35,896 fear and self-interest 721 00:47:35,920 --> 00:47:38,136 than it is to understand 722 00:47:38,160 --> 00:47:40,976 sacrifice and heroism, 723 00:47:41,000 --> 00:47:42,976 especially now in our world. 724 00:47:43,000 --> 00:47:47,336 We think that everything is about greed and "me first". 725 00:47:47,360 --> 00:47:50,016 That generation did not. 726 00:47:50,040 --> 00:47:51,256 As Phillips was sending the message, 727 00:47:51,280 --> 00:47:53,896 I strapped the lifebelt to his back. 728 00:47:53,920 --> 00:47:55,976 I'd already put on his overcoat. 729 00:47:56,000 --> 00:47:58,296 I wondered if I could get him into his boots. 730 00:47:58,320 --> 00:48:02,536 Just at that moment, the captain came into the cabin 731 00:48:02,560 --> 00:48:05,496 and said, "Men, you have done your full duty. 732 00:48:05,520 --> 00:48:07,216 "You can do no more." 733 00:48:07,240 --> 00:48:08,480 Abandon your cabin. 734 00:48:09,600 --> 00:48:11,976 Now it's every man for himself. 735 00:48:12,000 --> 00:48:13,320 "I release you." 736 00:48:15,560 --> 00:48:17,376 "Every man for himself now." 737 00:48:17,400 --> 00:48:19,056 In the conflicts I trained for, 738 00:48:19,080 --> 00:48:20,976 it's unimaginable that we would ever find ourselves 739 00:48:21,000 --> 00:48:23,976 in a circumstance where it was every man for themselves. 740 00:48:24,000 --> 00:48:25,776 All of the order has been lost, 741 00:48:25,800 --> 00:48:29,096 and actually trying to maintain that order - 742 00:48:29,120 --> 00:48:31,816 whether it's, you know, pointing a gun at a crowd 743 00:48:31,840 --> 00:48:34,976 or screaming at the top of your voice - 744 00:48:35,000 --> 00:48:36,616 all you're doing in that circumstance 745 00:48:36,640 --> 00:48:38,016 is wasting energy. 746 00:48:38,040 --> 00:48:40,040 SHOUTING 747 00:48:52,000 --> 00:48:53,976 The last of the hard-hulled lifeboats 748 00:48:54,000 --> 00:48:55,496 have been dispatched, 749 00:48:55,520 --> 00:49:00,576 but there is still two collapsable lifeboats left on the boat deck. 750 00:49:00,600 --> 00:49:04,040 They're a little bit more flimsy, but they still are a lifeline. 751 00:49:06,320 --> 00:49:08,656 {\an8}There was some disturbance 752 00:49:08,680 --> 00:49:11,040 {\an8}loading the last two forward boats. 753 00:49:12,640 --> 00:49:15,976 A large crowd of men were pressing to get into them - 754 00:49:16,000 --> 00:49:18,536 though there were many crew and men lined up 755 00:49:18,560 --> 00:49:21,176 with apparently not a thought 756 00:49:21,200 --> 00:49:24,440 at attempting to board the boats without orders. 757 00:49:28,560 --> 00:49:30,376 I saw Bruce Ismay, 758 00:49:30,400 --> 00:49:35,856 who had been assisting in loading the last boat, 759 00:49:35,880 --> 00:49:37,280 push his way into it. 760 00:49:44,160 --> 00:49:46,240 It really was every man for himself. 761 00:49:50,400 --> 00:49:54,096 Bruce Ismay decides to save himself. 762 00:49:54,120 --> 00:49:56,256 He is about the only man on board 763 00:49:56,280 --> 00:49:58,776 who can't be ordered out of that spot 764 00:49:58,800 --> 00:50:00,360 by any of the remaining crew. 765 00:50:06,560 --> 00:50:07,976 You were one of those, 766 00:50:08,000 --> 00:50:09,336 as the Managing Director, 767 00:50:09,360 --> 00:50:12,576 responsible for determining the number of lifeboats. 768 00:50:12,600 --> 00:50:16,616 Yes, in conjunction with the shipbuilders. 769 00:50:16,640 --> 00:50:17,976 When you got into the boat, 770 00:50:18,000 --> 00:50:20,136 you thought that The Titanic was sinking? 771 00:50:20,160 --> 00:50:21,656 I did. 772 00:50:21,680 --> 00:50:24,576 Did you know that there were some hundreds of people on that ship? 773 00:50:24,600 --> 00:50:26,096 Yes. 774 00:50:26,120 --> 00:50:28,336 Who must go down with her? 775 00:50:28,360 --> 00:50:30,040 Yes, I did. 776 00:50:32,800 --> 00:50:34,896 Prepare to lower the lifeboat. 777 00:50:34,920 --> 00:50:37,176 Has it occurred to you that you, 778 00:50:37,200 --> 00:50:39,616 as the responsible Managing Director, 779 00:50:39,640 --> 00:50:41,696 deciding the number of boats, 780 00:50:41,720 --> 00:50:44,976 owed your life to every other person on that ship? 781 00:50:45,000 --> 00:50:46,320 It has not. 782 00:50:48,000 --> 00:50:51,776 I have searched my mind with the deepest care. 783 00:50:51,800 --> 00:50:55,216 I'm sure I did nothing that I shouldn't have done. 784 00:50:55,240 --> 00:50:56,720 My conscience is clear. 785 00:50:58,280 --> 00:51:00,776 I took a chance of escape when it came to me. 786 00:51:00,800 --> 00:51:02,200 I did not seek it. 787 00:51:03,600 --> 00:51:06,336 It is true I am president of the company, 788 00:51:06,360 --> 00:51:08,576 but I didn't consider myself any different 789 00:51:08,600 --> 00:51:10,360 from the rest of the passengers. 790 00:51:11,600 --> 00:51:13,480 I took no other man's place. 791 00:51:21,200 --> 00:51:23,000 "I took no man's place." 792 00:51:24,120 --> 00:51:27,656 This is palpably untrue, 793 00:51:27,680 --> 00:51:29,200 but I think he must believe it. 794 00:51:30,400 --> 00:51:34,816 I think that Bruce Ismay comes from a class of society 795 00:51:34,840 --> 00:51:37,976 who believes that they have everything they have 796 00:51:38,000 --> 00:51:41,696 because of grit and character. 797 00:51:41,720 --> 00:51:43,656 I mean, it's like being a billionaire today 798 00:51:43,680 --> 00:51:45,856 in a world of hungry people. 799 00:51:45,880 --> 00:51:47,816 The only way you can live with yourself 800 00:51:47,840 --> 00:51:52,256 is to imagine that you deserve it in some way. 801 00:51:52,280 --> 00:51:55,736 And so I think that Bruce Ismay 802 00:51:55,760 --> 00:52:00,976 believes, contrary to all rational fact, 803 00:52:01,000 --> 00:52:03,376 that he hasn't taken someone else's place. 804 00:52:03,400 --> 00:52:06,680 Even though he really must know internally that he has. 805 00:52:20,360 --> 00:52:23,400 There was a terrible crowd standing about. 806 00:52:29,080 --> 00:52:32,136 The officer in charge pointed a revolver, 807 00:52:32,160 --> 00:52:37,096 waved his hand and said that if any man tried to get in, 808 00:52:37,120 --> 00:52:38,656 he'd shoot him on the spot. 809 00:52:38,680 --> 00:52:40,640 If anyone tries to enter, I will shoot. 810 00:52:42,000 --> 00:52:45,576 Two men tried to break through and he shot them both. 811 00:52:45,600 --> 00:52:48,016 GUNSHOTS 812 00:52:48,040 --> 00:52:50,040 SCREAMING 813 00:52:53,480 --> 00:52:55,240 I saw him shoot them. 814 00:52:57,320 --> 00:52:58,520 I saw them lying. 815 00:53:00,480 --> 00:53:02,416 One seemed to be dead, 816 00:53:02,440 --> 00:53:05,096 the other was trying to pull himself 817 00:53:05,120 --> 00:53:07,240 up at the side of the deck - but he couldn't. 818 00:53:10,360 --> 00:53:13,296 I tried to get to the boat myself 819 00:53:13,320 --> 00:53:15,760 but was afraid I would be shot. 820 00:53:16,840 --> 00:53:18,200 And stayed back. 821 00:53:35,680 --> 00:53:39,496 When we rowed away from the Titanic, 822 00:53:39,520 --> 00:53:42,000 my face was towards the sinking steamer. 823 00:53:50,520 --> 00:53:52,000 The things I saw... 824 00:53:53,480 --> 00:53:55,040 ..I'll never forget. 825 00:54:00,720 --> 00:54:02,000 I saw an officer... 826 00:54:04,120 --> 00:54:08,480 ..shoot himself through the temple with a revolver. 827 00:54:11,640 --> 00:54:13,200 GUNSHOT 828 00:54:17,800 --> 00:54:21,776 The story of the officer shooting himself is contested. 829 00:54:21,800 --> 00:54:25,976 Even the name of the officer is in dispute. 830 00:54:26,000 --> 00:54:27,976 They were meant to help others, not shoot them - 831 00:54:28,000 --> 00:54:30,296 and you're certainly not meant to shoot yourself 832 00:54:30,320 --> 00:54:31,760 when you make a mistake. 833 00:54:33,800 --> 00:54:37,760 I saw the officer himself lying on the deck. 834 00:54:39,280 --> 00:54:40,920 They told me he shot himself. 835 00:54:43,400 --> 00:54:45,976 It's not a line of inquiry that is pursued, 836 00:54:46,000 --> 00:54:47,976 and I think that is because, 837 00:54:48,000 --> 00:54:51,736 in Edwardian society, there is such a taboo 838 00:54:51,760 --> 00:54:53,800 around death by suicide. 839 00:54:54,760 --> 00:54:56,816 It looks like the easy way out, 840 00:54:56,840 --> 00:54:58,920 though it can hardly have been so. 841 00:55:01,120 --> 00:55:04,096 It suggests that the people who did it 842 00:55:04,120 --> 00:55:07,696 have failed that test of being an Edwardian man, 843 00:55:07,720 --> 00:55:12,576 which is to demonstrate heroicism and courage 844 00:55:12,600 --> 00:55:16,840 and stoicism in the face of disaster. 845 00:55:40,800 --> 00:55:44,336 Death stares everyone in the face - 846 00:55:44,360 --> 00:55:46,720 some will escape, some won't. 847 00:55:49,760 --> 00:55:53,776 Jack Phillips - he's young, but he's responsible, 848 00:55:53,800 --> 00:55:55,656 he's self-reliant. 849 00:55:55,680 --> 00:55:58,456 He thinks he's going to die. 850 00:55:58,480 --> 00:56:03,840 And so he decides to die doing his best for everyone else. 851 00:56:07,520 --> 00:56:09,456 Phillips clung on for about ten minutes 852 00:56:09,480 --> 00:56:11,320 after the captain had released him. 853 00:56:18,840 --> 00:56:20,480 I learned to love him that night. 854 00:56:23,240 --> 00:56:24,600 I suddenly felt for him... 855 00:56:25,920 --> 00:56:29,416 ..a great reverence, to see him standing there, 856 00:56:29,440 --> 00:56:30,680 sticking to his work... 857 00:56:31,680 --> 00:56:34,040 ..while everybody else was raging about. 858 00:56:40,560 --> 00:56:43,816 I will never forget the work of Phillips 859 00:56:43,840 --> 00:56:46,040 for those last awful minutes. 860 00:56:52,240 --> 00:56:53,640 He was a brave man. 861 00:56:59,200 --> 00:57:03,976 People find themselves facing this life or death moment together. 862 00:57:04,000 --> 00:57:06,040 Titanic broke in two before my eyes. 863 00:57:07,920 --> 00:57:10,616 Striking water was like 1,000 knives 864 00:57:10,640 --> 00:57:12,400 being driven into one's body. 865 00:57:14,000 --> 00:57:16,976 To die slowly within earshot of people 866 00:57:17,000 --> 00:57:18,696 who might save your life - 867 00:57:18,720 --> 00:57:20,800 {\an8}there's a particular cruelty to that.