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Previously…

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The Japanese launched
their secret plan to attack Pearl Harbor

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and caught the American forces
by surprise.

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The Japanese have transited
across the northern Pacific

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in the largest unified
carrier task force in history.

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Not only were they planning
to attack the naval harbor

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and to destroy the US Pacific fleet,

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they were also going to attack
all the airfields on Oahu Island as well.

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It was very ambitious,
but also very daring.

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I couldn't get it in my head
that they were attacking us,

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and I don't know anybody else
that could in our area either.

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Pearl Harbor,
the surprise Japanese attack

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that killed nearly 2,400 people
and led to America entering World War II.

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It’s one of those
crucial days in history,

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like the attack on the Twin Towers
on September 11th.

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You know the world won't be the same after
as it had been before.

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In this episode,
the attack on the harbor begins.

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Fire was burning
all around the deck

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and the skin would come off in your hands.

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He tried to stand up

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and when we walked over to him,
he was dead.

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Our chances
of returning from Pearl Harbor

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were almost zero in our view.

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In just 30 minutes,
183 Japanese bombers and fighters

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will wipe out almost
all the Pacific’s Fleet's battleships.

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About a million pounds of propellant
goes up… …in a flash.

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Arizona is completely destroyed.

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We lost 1,177 men in ten minutes.

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It was awful.

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But we're just lucky that we were alive.

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{\an8}

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The temperature's about 80.

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There was a little light breeze
blowing down off the mountain there

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{\an8}and the… The air was still,

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{\an8}and you could--
You could smell the flowers in the air.

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It was just a wonderful day.

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{\an8}They had dances on Saturday night,
parties on Saturday night,

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and a lot of the military
are just sleeping in.

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They're beginning
to go to mess call.

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There are some religious services ongoing.

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{\an8}It's just a normal,
calm Sunday morning routine

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that is about to be shattered.

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One minute
before the attack on Pearl Harbor begins,

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Frank Emond and the band
on the USS Pennsylvania

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are preparing to play.

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The navy plays
"The Star-Spangled Banner"

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at00 every morning.

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We were lined up to raise the flag.

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Closing in on Pearl Harbor

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is an assault group
of 183 Japanese bombers and fighters

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-from six aircraft carriers.

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The next half an hour
will see the crippling

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of America's mighty Pacific Fleet with
the tragic loss of thousands of lives,

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many aboard its eight battleships.

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At five minutes to eight,
they sound the bugle call

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to let everybody know
that it's almost time for colors,

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and at that time I'd heard a noise,
I looked up in the air

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and there was a line of planes
coming in from the right-hand side.

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The first one peeled off.

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Nine dive bombers
target the seaplane base on Ford Island.

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The first wave involves
striking the search planes on the ground.

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{\an8}By knocking out those aircraft
in the first few minutes,

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{\an8}then it will be impossible
for the Americans to retaliate and damage

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any of the Japanese carriers
that are at sea.

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Something come off the airplane.

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I thought the tail assembly
had broken off or something,

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so I watched it all the way to the ground,
hit the hanger on the air station there.

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It exploded in flame and smoke
and a lot of noise, startled everybody.

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The initial response
to the attack is disbelief.

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Lieutenant Commander Ramsey
is on Ford Island,

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and he thinks that it's just some
American pilot hot dogging it.

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He wants to get the serial number
off of the plane

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and report him to his commanding officer.

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It takes just a minute
for the dive bombers

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to complete their bombing mission.

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As they circle round
to fire at the sea plane base,

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torpedo bombers swoop down.

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When we reached the coast,

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{\an8}I felt I had to get ready.

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The release wire has a safety mechanism.

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I disengaged it and got ready
to drop the torpedo at any time.

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The sky seemed to be
full of airplanes.

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Small prop airplanes and,
uh, you could see big red spots

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on the fuselage and wings.

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So, immediately you knew
that they were not our airplanes.

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The Japanese were there.

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Now the full enormity
of what is about to happen

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begins descending on those American crews.

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{\an8}

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{\an8}It's been just over a minute

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since Japanese dive bombers
began their surprise raid on Pearl Harbor.

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With the seaplane base
on Ford Island now ablaze,

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40 Japanese torpedo bombers
take center stage.

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{\an8}One group is gonna go after Battleship Row
and the outward battleships there.

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The other group coming in
against the other side of Ford Island

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is still hoping to find
perhaps an American carrier.

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Twenty-three-year-old
Masamitsu Yoshioka is a navigator

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in one of the planes in the leading group.

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The east side of the island

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was where the battleships were moored.

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{\an8}Our orders were to attack
the aircraft carriers on the west side.

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The US Pacific Fleet

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has three carriers based at Pearl Harbor.

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But today, their moorings are empty.

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I was disappointed,
but it couldn't be helped.

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There was a battleship
so we decided to go for that one.

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From the Japanese perspective,

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battleships are still
the coin of the realm.

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If they can sink
four or five American battleships,

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that will constitute success
for the operation.

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All eight battleships
happened to be in port at the same time,

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which was a rarity, had not been achieved
since, uh, the summer of 1941.

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Seven of them
are lined up in Battleship Row

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on the East of Ford Island.

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The eighth,
the flagship of the Pacific Fleet,

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USS Pennsylvania,
is in dry dock undergoing repairs.

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Months of intensive training
had gone into preventing their torpedoes

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from nose-diving
into the shallow harbor floor.

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{\an8}Airspeed was cut back to about 150 knots

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{\an8}and the altitude of the aircraft
at 30 feet.

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Optimally, what should happen
is the torpedo planes attack first,

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because they are going
to have to attack low and slow,

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they're going to be very vulnerable
to anti-aircraft fire.

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But already,
the Japanese plan is unravelling.

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Miscommunication between aircrews
has seen the dive bombers jump the gun.

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{\an8}So, consequently, the first wave
goes in helter-skelter immediately

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and you have simultaneous attacks
happening at once.

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As the first group
of torpedo bombers prepares to attack,

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they are hit by pillars of black smoke

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drifting upwards
from the earlier dive bomber hits.

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There was a lot of smoke,

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so I couldn’t see the west side clearly.

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Adding to their problems

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is the blinding sunrise.

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With the sun in their eyes,

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{\an8}the crews had a very difficult time
seeing anything.

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Looking at the shape of the mast,

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it was a Colorado-class battleship.

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We decided to aim for that,

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and I think the lead aircraft
also thought the same.

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The torpedo
unit's leader arrows in,

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but as he nears his target,
he suddenly pulls out.

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His wingman follows him.

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The planes immediately
behind them thought that,

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"Well, they must have launched
against the battleship,

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so we're going to do that as well."

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Masamitsu Yoshioka
releases his torpedo,

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but as he flies over the ship,
he is panicked.

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I thought the battleship was smaller

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than our Japanese warships.

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The USS Utah
is the first victim of the torpedo attack.

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This is an old ship
that's been largely demilitarized.

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The moment is caught on camera.

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And she is hit right, uh,
in the center of the ship.

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Within seconds,
another torpedo slams into Utah’s hull…

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…but it's a target the Japanese crews
had been briefed to avoid.

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I really think we messed up with the Utah.

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The other guys had done okay.

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So, even at my age,
the Utah still bothers me.

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It's not one I can be proud of.

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Four more torpedoes
are wasted on the Utah.

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One torpedo is so off target
that it hits the cruiser,

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USS Raleigh, moored behind.

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The pilots should have
exhausted all possibilities

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before attacking these lesser ships.

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And they really were taken to task

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once they returned
to the carrier by their superiors

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for making poor target selection.

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Just seconds
after he bypassed the Utah,

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the unit's leader, Lt. Nagai, is convinced
he's got a battleship in his sights.

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As he approaches 10-10 dock,

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he thinks he sees the USS Pennsylvania
moored there and unleashes his torpedo.

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In reality, what he is seeing
is the Helena and the Oglala

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lashed side by side.

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He thinks that it is a battleship
because the morning sun is--

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has silhouetted
both of those ships together,

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so it looks like
an extra-long type of ship.

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The torpedo goes underneath
an old minelayer, USS Oglala,

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berthed next to the cruiser, USS Helena.

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The explosion tears a hole
in the Helena's port side.

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The shockwave of that explosion
also damages the Oglala

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and eventually it tumbles over
and capsizes on its side.

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The sailors who were at 10-10 dock

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would joke in the days afterwards
that the Oglala died of fright.

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Watching on
from the deck of USS Pennsylvania,

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Frank Emond is counting his blessings.

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{\an8}And that was the dock
that our ship usually were at.

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{\an8}We-- We had moved it to dry dock
two or three days before that.

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A Japanese photographer
captures the destructive moment.

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It shows the smoke
coming up out of Ford Island

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and the simultaneous hits
on the Helena and the Utah.

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Four more bombers
waste their torpedoes

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on the cruiser USS Helena.

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They really could not see

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what in the name of heaven
they were aiming at.

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That speaks
to the incredible pressure

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that these pilots are under.

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That they probably think too that,

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"If I don’t attack now,
I may not get a second chance."

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Two minutes into the raid,

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not a single torpedo has been released
against a battleship.

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Across Ford Island,
ships' crews in Battleship Row

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are wising up to the imminent threat.

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I was down in the office
wrapping presents

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{\an8}to be sent home for Christmas
when the speaker system hollered…

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"…Air attack, air attack.
All hands seek cover."

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And almost immediately
they added another announcement,

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"General Quarters,
man your battle stations."

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The people who were there
used a great deal of profanity

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and, uh, vulgar terms to describe…
…what was going on.

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And it left no doubt
in anyone's mind who heard that

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just what was unfolding outside.

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{\an8}When General Quarters goes off,
wherever you are on a ship,

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{\an8}the crew is trained,
it's just ingrained in them,

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it's automatic,
to proceed to your battle station.

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{\an8}Everybody was in their battle stations
in three minutes

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{\an8}and doors are closed,
the hatches are closed,

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our first guns were fired
within 30 seconds.

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I was on the quarterdeck,
the vessel alongside of us,

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they had to cut the lines off
the vessel first,

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so we didn't last long enough
to even get the engine started up.

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Twenty-four torpedo bombers
descend into the Southeast Loch

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in preparation for their attack
on Battleship Row.

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This body of water
was almost like a bowling alley

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heading down toward the battleships.

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The pilots could see that these two ships,

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the West Virginia and Oklahoma,
were the golden targets.

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These were skilled aerial technicians
that were going to deliver

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an 18-foot torpedo that could blow a hole

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in the side of the battleship
that a truck could drive through.

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-They were coming in in pairs.

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One plane on one side of the pair
was to take one battleship.

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And then the plane on the opposite side
was to take the ship next to it.

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But as the lead pair
get ready to drop their torpedoes,

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planes from the earlier attacks
cross their path.

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There were multiple aircraft crossing
against, uh, the grain, as it were.

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Things got very confused

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and then those aircraft
had to abort and circle around again.

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Its valuable time wasted,

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00:16:21,560 --> 00:16:25,080
the Japanese are rapidly losing
the advantage of surprise.

241
00:16:26,240 --> 00:16:27,920
The locks were broken,

242
00:16:28,200 --> 00:16:30,480
uh, so that ammunition could be
brought to the guns.

243
00:16:32,560 --> 00:16:37,680
The volume and intensity
of the American anti-aircraft fire

244
00:16:37,840 --> 00:16:39,640
swells very, very quickly.

245
00:16:41,440 --> 00:16:45,320
The Japanese were
absolutely astonished, if not dismayed,

246
00:16:45,480 --> 00:16:50,120
at how quickly the Americans
came online with anti-aircraft fire.

247
00:16:50,720 --> 00:16:52,440
They were not expecting it.

248
00:16:53,480 --> 00:16:55,520
The bombers
drop their torpedoes

249
00:16:56,440 --> 00:17:01,880
scoring direct hits on the
USS West Virginia and the USS Oklahoma.

250
00:17:03,080 --> 00:17:07,840
Incredibly, the first two torpedo
hits on a battleship at Pearl Harbor

251
00:17:08,200 --> 00:17:10,560
are caught by a Japanese camera.

252
00:17:13,040 --> 00:17:16,480
These dramatic pictures
are being taken by the aircraft in the air

253
00:17:16,560 --> 00:17:20,000
and you see the water geysers,
which my grandfather witnessed,

254
00:17:20,160 --> 00:17:24,360
that were going
90 to 100 feet or more into the air.

255
00:17:25,320 --> 00:17:31,080
Very, very quickly,
the first six aircraft came in,

256
00:17:31,280 --> 00:17:33,920
bam, bam, bam,
within seconds of each other,

257
00:17:34,080 --> 00:17:37,760
and all these torpedoes
were running at the same time.

258
00:17:38,480 --> 00:17:42,960
You can see streaks of torpedoes
now striking the West Virginia,

259
00:17:44,040 --> 00:17:48,720
and then you can also see torpedo streaks
and some disturbance in the water

260
00:17:48,880 --> 00:17:52,000
of, uh, torpedoes coming
towards the Oklahoma.

261
00:17:53,720 --> 00:17:56,160
Both battleships
are unprepared for war

262
00:17:56,440 --> 00:17:59,320
with their watertight doors
left unsecured.

263
00:18:00,160 --> 00:18:03,520
As America was at peace,
these doors were open.

264
00:18:03,600 --> 00:18:07,880
Their underwater integrity
was severely compromised,

265
00:18:07,960 --> 00:18:12,360
because, of course, in the levels
of the decks below the waterline,

266
00:18:12,640 --> 00:18:14,760
the water would just surge
through the ship.

267
00:18:16,720 --> 00:18:19,520
I felt the ship take on a bit of a list.

268
00:18:19,880 --> 00:18:22,440
And I thought,
"My God, they're flooding the blisters."

269
00:18:22,600 --> 00:18:26,400
One of the ways in which you can
prevent a ship from capsizing

270
00:18:26,720 --> 00:18:29,760
is to flood other sections of the ship
to balance it out.

271
00:18:29,960 --> 00:18:33,240
But on the Oklahoma,
the first torpedo hits knock out

272
00:18:33,320 --> 00:18:37,120
a lot of lights below decks,
such that the repair crews

273
00:18:37,280 --> 00:18:41,080
cannot get to the stations
they need to be to counter flood.

274
00:18:41,240 --> 00:18:44,560
There's a case made
that one torpedo followed

275
00:18:44,640 --> 00:18:47,480
right through the hole
of the torpedo before it.

276
00:18:47,840 --> 00:18:49,800
She is in a very bad way.

277
00:18:50,040 --> 00:18:55,040
The flooding is so bad on the port side
of the vessel that it starts to keel over.

278
00:18:56,040 --> 00:18:58,240
When the ship listed
about 15 degrees,

279
00:18:58,320 --> 00:18:59,720
you couldn't walk the deck.

280
00:18:59,960 --> 00:19:02,160
We hand-walked the overhead pipes

281
00:19:02,520 --> 00:19:05,160
walking on top
of the bolted down machinery.

282
00:19:06,560 --> 00:19:09,080
Commander of the Pacific Fleet,
Admiral Kimmel,

283
00:19:09,200 --> 00:19:11,400
is at home when he receives a message.

284
00:19:13,000 --> 00:19:16,800
"Air Raid Pearl Harbor, this is no drill."

285
00:19:17,520 --> 00:19:20,560
He's due to play golf
with the army commander, General Short.

286
00:19:20,760 --> 00:19:23,200
{\an8}He cancels the golf,
he gets into his uniform

287
00:19:23,280 --> 00:19:26,320
{\an8}and prepares to leave
for his headquarters.

288
00:19:26,720 --> 00:19:30,760
Admiral Kimmel
could very clearly see the harbor

289
00:19:31,960 --> 00:19:35,800
and see the battleships
lined up against Ford Island.

290
00:19:36,120 --> 00:19:39,280
And so, he was watching
the torpedo explosions

291
00:19:39,400 --> 00:19:42,640
one after another
on the ships under his command.

292
00:19:42,720 --> 00:19:47,280
And it must have been an absolutely
devastating experience for him.

293
00:19:48,160 --> 00:19:51,320
Despite receiving a warning
that an attack was imminent,

294
00:19:51,960 --> 00:19:54,440
Kimmel had not put the base
on a war footing.

295
00:19:55,280 --> 00:19:58,920
This was a man who had
never failed in his professional career.

296
00:19:59,000 --> 00:20:04,400
And so, here he was witnessing
catastrophic failure on his part

297
00:20:05,320 --> 00:20:07,720
and the wife of the neighbor

298
00:20:08,040 --> 00:20:12,160
{\an8}recalled that Kimmel looked
as white as the uniform he was wearing.

299
00:20:13,240 --> 00:20:15,880
But things are about
to get even worse.

300
00:20:27,480 --> 00:20:30,320
The crews who are working
in the California's guns

301
00:20:30,480 --> 00:20:34,280
start firing back at the Japanese planes
pretty much immediately,

302
00:20:34,440 --> 00:20:37,360
{\an8}but they very quickly
expend their ammunition,

303
00:20:37,560 --> 00:20:41,000
{\an8}and the rest of their ammunition
is locked in the magazines

304
00:20:41,160 --> 00:20:43,240
and they are not able
to access it right away.

305
00:20:44,440 --> 00:20:48,600
The ship is defenseless
as a torpedo bomber drops its payload

306
00:20:49,400 --> 00:20:51,120
with devastating effect.

307
00:20:52,320 --> 00:20:56,680
USS California is the battleship
least able to survive the attack.

308
00:20:58,040 --> 00:21:00,360
She had a number
of the manhole covers

309
00:21:00,440 --> 00:21:06,000
that led down into her double bottom
loosened to-- for inspection.

310
00:21:06,120 --> 00:21:08,720
When the water came
into the lower portions of the ship,

311
00:21:09,080 --> 00:21:11,400
it just surged all back and forth.

312
00:21:11,760 --> 00:21:14,840
It starts to flood very, very quickly.

313
00:21:15,120 --> 00:21:18,560
So, the crew has to focus
on countermeasures,

314
00:21:18,640 --> 00:21:21,560
has to focus on getting
these watertight doors closed

315
00:21:21,920 --> 00:21:23,680
just to keep the ship afloat,

316
00:21:23,840 --> 00:21:27,400
because they are not prepared
for this at all.

317
00:21:29,440 --> 00:21:31,880
Through the driving rain
of machine gun fire,

318
00:21:32,040 --> 00:21:37,200
four more bombers torpedoed the
USS Oklahoma and the USS West Virginia.

319
00:21:37,400 --> 00:21:41,720
The two center line ships,
West Virginia and Oklahoma,

320
00:21:41,800 --> 00:21:43,640
are just absolutely gutted.

321
00:21:43,720 --> 00:21:50,320
And the result is that their port sides
are just ripped open like a tin can.

322
00:21:58,480 --> 00:22:01,480
A stray bomber
from the earlier attacks swoops in

323
00:22:01,600 --> 00:22:03,680
to get another hit on the California.

324
00:22:05,680 --> 00:22:08,200
You can see
the battleship California,

325
00:22:08,480 --> 00:22:11,640
uh, in this picture
struggling from her attacks.

326
00:22:13,520 --> 00:22:15,720
The torpedo bombers
continue their assault,

327
00:22:15,800 --> 00:22:17,920
but now in extended intervals.

328
00:22:18,080 --> 00:22:20,760
With anti-aircraft fire
growing in intensity,

329
00:22:20,840 --> 00:22:23,200
aircrews take the easiest option.

330
00:22:25,200 --> 00:22:29,320
With the West Virginia and the Oklahoma
again taking the brunt.

331
00:22:29,880 --> 00:22:32,160
It's overkill against them.

332
00:22:32,280 --> 00:22:35,640
The amount of damage that they took
would have sunk them twice over.

333
00:22:37,760 --> 00:22:40,240
A photo taken by
a Japanese raider

334
00:22:40,480 --> 00:22:42,440
perfectly captures the scene.

335
00:22:42,680 --> 00:22:45,000
You can see
that the torpedo attack

336
00:22:45,080 --> 00:22:49,560
has been devastating
and you can look at the black groupings,

337
00:22:49,760 --> 00:22:54,160
that's oil just pouring out
of the sides of the ships.

338
00:22:54,640 --> 00:22:58,440
But nothing can prepare
the crews for what happens next.

339
00:23:04,560 --> 00:23:07,200
As the Japanese attack
on Pearl Harbor rages,

340
00:23:08,000 --> 00:23:10,600
Commander of the Pacific Fleet,
Husband Kimmell,

341
00:23:10,880 --> 00:23:13,480
watches in shock
from his neighbor’s lawn.

342
00:23:15,160 --> 00:23:18,280
Hundreds of his crewmen
are now fighting for their lives.

343
00:23:21,080 --> 00:23:23,360
{\an8}The coup de grâce of the first wave

344
00:23:23,440 --> 00:23:27,320
{\an8}is the high-level bomber attack
led by Commander Fuchida himself.

345
00:23:30,280 --> 00:23:34,680
{\an8}The high-level bombing units
circled around the western side of Oahu

346
00:23:35,440 --> 00:23:39,280
and lined up for an attack run
on the battleships.

347
00:23:40,320 --> 00:23:43,840
The level bombers' ultimate aim
is to destroy the battleships

348
00:23:43,920 --> 00:23:47,000
that have survived
the torpedo raids unscathed,

349
00:23:47,520 --> 00:23:50,040
the inboard giants at Battleship Row,

350
00:23:50,560 --> 00:23:55,160
USS Maryland, USS Tennessee,
and USS Arizona.

351
00:23:56,480 --> 00:23:59,520
They will approach
Battleship Row from the south

352
00:23:59,800 --> 00:24:04,440
and their mission is to go in
and strike the battleships one at a time

353
00:24:04,760 --> 00:24:08,280
with the first five plane divisions
that is supposed to strike the Nevada,

354
00:24:08,480 --> 00:24:11,400
the next one, the Arizona,
and on down the line.

355
00:24:13,760 --> 00:24:15,000
For the mission,

356
00:24:15,320 --> 00:24:18,440
the Japanese have designed
a unique weapon.

357
00:24:19,240 --> 00:24:22,160
They take a heavy,
armor-piercing battleship shell,

358
00:24:22,440 --> 00:24:24,200
{\an8}and turn it into an aerial bomb.

359
00:24:25,040 --> 00:24:28,000
So it's got to be dropped
from a very great height,

360
00:24:28,240 --> 00:24:33,280
at least 10,000 feet,
so that gravity can accelerate that bomb

361
00:24:33,360 --> 00:24:37,440
to the point that when it hits the deck,
it's got sufficient kinetic energy

362
00:24:37,520 --> 00:24:41,320
to get through the deck armor
about four inches,

363
00:24:41,680 --> 00:24:44,360
and into the innards of the ship
before it detonates.

364
00:24:45,440 --> 00:24:47,880
The 800-kilogram bomb
is so heavy,

365
00:24:48,120 --> 00:24:50,520
the bombers can only carry one each.

366
00:24:51,840 --> 00:24:56,840
Again, there's no second chance on this,
I’ve got to drop at exactly the right time

367
00:24:57,120 --> 00:24:59,800
and if I don’t get a hit result
on this first attack,

368
00:24:59,880 --> 00:25:02,200
it's over
and I've wasted my entire effort.

369
00:25:03,240 --> 00:25:06,280
To maximize their chances
of hitting their targets,

370
00:25:06,800 --> 00:25:11,520
the planes divide
into ten V formations each of five planes.

371
00:25:12,560 --> 00:25:16,520
As they approach Pearl Harbor,
a photographer aboard one of the bombers

372
00:25:16,720 --> 00:25:18,800
captures the devastation below.

373
00:25:19,480 --> 00:25:23,160
You can see that Oklahoma
is already in the process of rolling over

374
00:25:23,320 --> 00:25:25,000
while some of these planes are coming in.

375
00:25:27,440 --> 00:25:31,360
It soon becomes clear
to Mitsuo Fuchida, the attack leader,

376
00:25:31,720 --> 00:25:35,520
that hitting a battleship
from two miles up is no mean feat.

377
00:25:36,720 --> 00:25:41,000
Fuchida said that the anti-aircraft fire
at that point in time was pretty severe.

378
00:25:43,080 --> 00:25:47,400
In fact, his wing man is hit
and the battle damage causes

379
00:25:47,520 --> 00:25:51,120
the armor-piercing bomb
to fall away from the undercarriage.

380
00:25:51,520 --> 00:25:53,720
Then right at the last minute,
they fly through a cloud,

381
00:25:53,920 --> 00:25:57,600
and they are unable to see their target,
the USS Nevada.

382
00:25:58,160 --> 00:26:00,960
They have to go around two
or even three times

383
00:26:01,040 --> 00:26:06,960
before the elements collaborate enough
that they can get a fix on their target.

384
00:26:13,440 --> 00:26:17,560
USS West Virginia,
already struck by six torpedoes,

385
00:26:17,680 --> 00:26:21,600
is listing badly
when more bombers arrive overhead.

386
00:26:23,120 --> 00:26:26,040
The specially adapted bombs
hit West Virginia

387
00:26:26,200 --> 00:26:28,920
and USS Tennessee moored alongside.

388
00:26:29,480 --> 00:26:33,800
The fuses on those weapons mean
that the bombs don't detonate cleanly.

389
00:26:34,360 --> 00:26:38,160
Had the fusing
on these 800-kilogram bombs

390
00:26:38,280 --> 00:26:40,360
been more effective and more reliable,

391
00:26:40,880 --> 00:26:46,240
they quite possibly could have blown up
the Tennessee and the West Virginia,

392
00:26:46,400 --> 00:26:50,480
both of which suffered direct hits
on their rear turrets.

393
00:26:52,040 --> 00:26:56,000
One casualty
is West Virginia’s Captain Mervin Bennion,

394
00:26:56,480 --> 00:26:59,280
hit by flying shrapnel
from the Tennessee blast.

395
00:27:00,920 --> 00:27:02,840
They needed
to get the captain off the bridge,

396
00:27:02,920 --> 00:27:07,880
because the fires were starting to envelop
the lower portion of the ship.

397
00:27:08,600 --> 00:27:13,400
Enter a Pearl Harbor hero,
mess attendant, Doris Miller.

398
00:27:15,040 --> 00:27:18,280
As Dorie Miller is proceeding
to his assigned battle station,

399
00:27:18,360 --> 00:27:22,120
an officer flags him down
and asks him to help him move…

400
00:27:23,240 --> 00:27:27,040
…the commanding officer
of West Virginia to a safer location.

401
00:27:27,600 --> 00:27:32,000
{\an8}The status of African Americans
in the United States Navy in 1941

402
00:27:32,840 --> 00:27:37,200
was to segregate the races,
whites from Blacks.

403
00:27:38,280 --> 00:27:43,080
And the Navy did that
by limiting the ratings

404
00:27:43,520 --> 00:27:46,920
for which African Americans could qualify.

405
00:27:48,560 --> 00:27:51,440
Despite no training,
mess attendant Miller

406
00:27:51,840 --> 00:27:54,520
immediately joins in the ship's defense.

407
00:27:55,880 --> 00:27:58,160
He sees an unmanned
anti-aircraft gun

408
00:27:58,560 --> 00:28:03,480
and according to his own account,
Miller says, "I just shot it."

409
00:28:03,680 --> 00:28:05,760
"I-- I wasn't sure what to do."

410
00:28:07,680 --> 00:28:10,720
Dorie Miller
was the first African American

411
00:28:10,840 --> 00:28:12,600
to receive the Navy Cross.

412
00:28:12,720 --> 00:28:17,240
{\an8}The Navy Cross
is the US Navy's highest military honor.

413
00:28:17,360 --> 00:28:20,120
But all Dorie Miller wanted to do
was be in the fight.

414
00:28:20,760 --> 00:28:24,960
Fighting the enemy
was not laying out another man's clothes,

415
00:28:25,440 --> 00:28:27,200
cooking and serving his meals.

416
00:28:35,080 --> 00:28:37,280
From the deck
of a nearby hospital ship,

417
00:28:37,560 --> 00:28:42,360
navy doctor, Eric Haakenson,
starts filming the horror in the harbor.

418
00:28:44,080 --> 00:28:49,600
He panned up from
the stern of the hospital ship, Solace,

419
00:28:49,760 --> 00:28:54,360
{\an8}on about the third higher deck
and aimed his camera

420
00:28:54,440 --> 00:28:57,560
at a V pattern of Japanese bombers.

421
00:28:57,760 --> 00:29:01,320
He caught two groups flying at altitude.

422
00:29:01,720 --> 00:29:04,560
All five bombers
in the first formation

423
00:29:04,800 --> 00:29:07,240
-drop their payloads simultaneously.

424
00:29:13,920 --> 00:29:17,080
A Japanese photo
shows the moment of impact

425
00:29:17,160 --> 00:29:18,960
on Arizona's stern.

426
00:29:19,680 --> 00:29:22,320
One of the shells
is bounced off the faceplate

427
00:29:22,400 --> 00:29:26,960
of gun turret number three
and exploded into the water aside of it.

428
00:29:27,880 --> 00:29:30,240
A bomb dropped
between us and the Vestal

429
00:29:31,440 --> 00:29:33,880
and it blew me inside the hatch,
knocked me silly.

430
00:29:34,440 --> 00:29:38,440
{\an8}And I, uh…
…of course, that set off a wildfire.

431
00:29:41,520 --> 00:29:44,920
The, uh, repair ship Vestal
sustained two hits

432
00:29:45,040 --> 00:29:46,880
and almost sank right then and there,

433
00:29:47,080 --> 00:29:49,400
not from the explosions,
but from the flooding,

434
00:29:49,520 --> 00:29:51,680
because the bombs
went clear through the ship.

435
00:29:52,280 --> 00:29:55,400
On the USS Arizona,
Bosun’s Mate John Anderson

436
00:29:55,720 --> 00:29:57,680
goes to help his twin brother Delbert

437
00:29:57,920 --> 00:30:00,240
on one of the ship's
anti-aircraft batteries.

438
00:30:01,480 --> 00:30:06,040
Unaware that a second group of bombers
has the Arizona in their sights.

439
00:30:08,360 --> 00:30:10,120
I started up that ladder
to the boat deck

440
00:30:10,200 --> 00:30:12,240
where all the anti-aircraft guns were.

441
00:30:13,040 --> 00:30:18,320
When I got to the top of the ladder
and the enormous explosion occurred

442
00:30:18,440 --> 00:30:22,320
and people were just blown
all over the place.

443
00:30:22,440 --> 00:30:26,080
There's all kinds of body parts,
different, uh…

444
00:30:26,720 --> 00:30:29,680
There was nothing I could do--
To do, if anything,

445
00:30:29,760 --> 00:30:31,600
and a tremendous fire broke out.

446
00:30:33,680 --> 00:30:37,400
That bomb lands
just slightly behind turret number two,

447
00:30:37,920 --> 00:30:42,200
it goes through the deck armor
and into the powder rooms

448
00:30:42,400 --> 00:30:45,680
for Arizona’s main guns
and detonates there.

449
00:30:46,080 --> 00:30:52,440
The result is that about a million pounds
of propellant go up instantaneously.

450
00:30:54,880 --> 00:30:58,440
The forward end of the ship
and her mast go up

451
00:30:58,720 --> 00:31:03,040
by as much as 40 feet
before settling back down again.

452
00:31:03,120 --> 00:31:06,080
So, she's literally been
blown out of the water.

453
00:31:07,840 --> 00:31:11,800
The bow of
the 32,500-ton ship is split

454
00:31:11,880 --> 00:31:14,400
from the rest
of the Arizona's superstructure.

455
00:31:14,800 --> 00:31:18,480
The explosion
of the Arizona's forward magazines

456
00:31:18,640 --> 00:31:23,760
incinerated instantly almost everything
that was in the forward half of the ship.

457
00:31:25,360 --> 00:31:31,520
Half or more of Arizona's crew
is killed outright by that conflagration

458
00:31:31,640 --> 00:31:36,200
and many others are, uh,
very badly injured by flash burns.

459
00:31:38,040 --> 00:31:40,040
You're on fire
from the mainmast forward.

460
00:31:40,160 --> 00:31:42,800
The flames were floating up
hundreds of feet in the air,

461
00:31:43,040 --> 00:31:45,400
{\an8}and, uh, it was awful.

462
00:31:46,080 --> 00:31:49,120
{\an8}But we're just lucky that we were alive.

463
00:31:50,040 --> 00:31:54,040
The ones coming out of fire there,
we got 12, 14 of them in there,

464
00:31:54,120 --> 00:31:57,200
they were still alive.
A lot of them didn't live long.

465
00:32:01,080 --> 00:32:03,240
I grabbed a guy,
but the hand was on fire,

466
00:32:03,320 --> 00:32:06,560
and I held on to him.
And he was from Greenfield, Ohio.

467
00:32:06,640 --> 00:32:07,720
I've never forgot that.

468
00:32:08,160 --> 00:32:10,400
And I saved him. I got him out of there.

469
00:32:14,080 --> 00:32:15,840
Watching the horror unfold

470
00:32:16,200 --> 00:32:19,720
is the Commander of the Pacific Fleet,
Admiral Kimmell.

471
00:32:20,680 --> 00:32:21,960
And in his words,

472
00:32:22,160 --> 00:32:25,800
he could see the Arizona sink down,
way down.

473
00:32:26,160 --> 00:32:28,560
And it's then
that the real weight of this attack

474
00:32:29,040 --> 00:32:32,040
falls fully on him
and he begins to understand

475
00:32:32,120 --> 00:32:35,760
just what a catastrophe,
uh, he is witnessing.

476
00:32:38,560 --> 00:32:42,720
A Japanese photograph
documents the devastation in the harbor.

477
00:32:44,160 --> 00:32:46,080
Oil was coming from the Nevada,

478
00:32:46,440 --> 00:32:50,920
the West Virginia,
the Oklahoma, the California.

479
00:32:51,280 --> 00:32:56,760
Along Battleship Row,
the Arizona's explosion ignited that oil.

480
00:32:57,840 --> 00:33:02,120
And now you had oil fires
enveloping all of those ships.

481
00:33:02,760 --> 00:33:06,520
Even the inboard ships
now have oil around them and on fire.

482
00:33:09,360 --> 00:33:12,080
USS Arizona's
senior surviving officer,

483
00:33:12,400 --> 00:33:16,160
Lt. Commander Sam Fuqua,
takes charge of the operation

484
00:33:16,360 --> 00:33:19,320
to fight the blaze
and evacuate the wounded.

485
00:33:19,600 --> 00:33:22,920
He was seeing men
falling dead on the deck

486
00:33:23,000 --> 00:33:26,000
and others just walking, uh, all afire.

487
00:33:26,280 --> 00:33:32,120
It was something so horrifying
he could hardly recall it without weeping.

488
00:33:32,480 --> 00:33:36,040
In Honolulu,
their uniform were shorts and T-shirts,

489
00:33:36,120 --> 00:33:38,560
so their arms were burned,
their face was burned,

490
00:33:38,640 --> 00:33:39,720
their legs were burned.

491
00:33:39,920 --> 00:33:41,920
And you'd pick them up,
the skin would come off in your hands.

492
00:33:42,200 --> 00:33:44,480
They were burned pretty bad. Lot of them.

493
00:33:52,760 --> 00:33:54,640
So, it is a confusing,

494
00:33:54,840 --> 00:33:58,240
eerie and nightmarish situation
on the Oklahoma

495
00:33:58,360 --> 00:34:01,040
as nothing can stop this ship
from going over.

496
00:34:01,240 --> 00:34:04,400
It's as if a monster took its claws

497
00:34:04,560 --> 00:34:09,000
and tore out
the outside skin of the Oklahoma

498
00:34:09,080 --> 00:34:11,160
and allowed the water to flood through.

499
00:34:11,720 --> 00:34:14,080
If they are on
the quarter deck, they are lucky.

500
00:34:14,280 --> 00:34:17,600
The roll of the ship is so slow
that a great many of them

501
00:34:17,680 --> 00:34:21,520
can simply walk over the railing
on the starboard side

502
00:34:21,640 --> 00:34:24,960
and then walk onto the keel of the ship.

503
00:34:25,160 --> 00:34:28,640
Unfortunately, those are the minority
of the sailors on the Oklahoma.

504
00:34:28,720 --> 00:34:31,360
The majority have taken shelter
below decks,

505
00:34:31,520 --> 00:34:34,400
which is where they are required to be
during an aerial attack.

506
00:34:35,240 --> 00:34:39,400
More than 400 men
are trapped in the bowels of the ship.

507
00:34:39,560 --> 00:34:41,960
Now that the ship
had totally capsized,

508
00:34:42,360 --> 00:34:45,400
what has been the deck
is now the ceiling…

509
00:34:47,080 --> 00:34:50,480
and you're in this compartment,
that is your coffin.

510
00:34:51,680 --> 00:34:53,480
Desperate measures are required

511
00:34:53,560 --> 00:34:56,840
aboard West Virginia
to prevent a similar fate.

512
00:34:57,280 --> 00:34:59,560
There is a lieutenant
commander who is taking charge

513
00:34:59,720 --> 00:35:02,920
and he orders all of the watertight
hatches sealed.

514
00:35:03,160 --> 00:35:07,040
And at one point, uh,
one of his junior officers hears men

515
00:35:07,160 --> 00:35:09,840
on the other side of
the water-tight door pounding away,

516
00:35:10,240 --> 00:35:13,480
asking to be let in,
'cause if they open those doors again,

517
00:35:13,920 --> 00:35:15,720
the whole damage control center floods

518
00:35:16,000 --> 00:35:19,120
and the effort to save
the West Virginia will perish.

519
00:35:19,600 --> 00:35:22,440
The lieutenant commander says,
"No, the door stays shut."

520
00:35:29,720 --> 00:35:34,560
There were heroic efforts
to try to move through gasoline fires.

521
00:35:34,920 --> 00:35:37,400
It was just a scene from hell.

522
00:35:39,680 --> 00:35:41,760
Twenty minutes
into Japan's raid

523
00:35:41,840 --> 00:35:44,560
on the US Naval bastion of Pearl Harbor,

524
00:35:44,640 --> 00:35:47,680
their ambition to cripple
the Pacific Fleet

525
00:35:47,840 --> 00:35:51,280
by destroying its battleships
is well on the way.

526
00:35:51,840 --> 00:35:53,920
Uh, there were
immense columns of smoke

527
00:35:54,040 --> 00:35:55,960
{\an8}coming up from multiple ships,

528
00:35:56,120 --> 00:36:00,880
{\an8}uh, primarily the West Virginia
and the Arizona,

529
00:36:00,960 --> 00:36:03,240
which cast a pall over everything.

530
00:36:04,360 --> 00:36:06,920
The USS Arizona
is blown in half,

531
00:36:07,040 --> 00:36:13,760
the USS West Virginia is sinking fast,
and the USS Oklahoma nearby has capsized.

532
00:36:14,520 --> 00:36:15,720
She's turned turtle,

533
00:36:15,800 --> 00:36:19,120
{\an8}the Americans are facing up
to having to figure out

534
00:36:19,200 --> 00:36:24,240
{\an8}how to chop holes in her bottom
to actually get some of the crewmen out

535
00:36:24,360 --> 00:36:26,560
that they suspect may be trapped inside.

536
00:36:39,080 --> 00:36:42,880
The California is still afloat,
but slowly sinking.

537
00:36:43,960 --> 00:36:47,280
Another quintet of level bombers
looms over her,

538
00:36:48,040 --> 00:36:50,120
but the salvo is off target.

539
00:36:50,600 --> 00:36:54,800
The harmless explosions
signal the end of the bombing raid.

540
00:37:00,760 --> 00:37:04,200
The Americans are trying to figure out
how to rescue as many men as they can.

541
00:37:06,760 --> 00:37:10,120
{\an8}There's a lot of sailors
coming out in small boats

542
00:37:10,200 --> 00:37:13,400
{\an8}trying to pick up the survivors
and take them back to land,

543
00:37:13,480 --> 00:37:15,440
take them back to medical stations.

544
00:37:16,560 --> 00:37:20,800
Enveloped by flames,
Arizona is in the direst need.

545
00:37:21,080 --> 00:37:24,160
Officer in charge, Sam Fuqua,
knows the crew is fighting

546
00:37:24,240 --> 00:37:27,560
a losing battle with the raging inferno.

547
00:37:27,680 --> 00:37:29,600
He immediately took action,

548
00:37:29,680 --> 00:37:33,960
{\an8}boats from the USS Solace,
the hospital ship, were coming alongside.

549
00:37:34,800 --> 00:37:38,360
{\an8}Fuqua was yelling at me
to get in one of those boats.

550
00:37:38,840 --> 00:37:41,600
"We want to save
as many men as we can, get in there."

551
00:37:41,760 --> 00:37:44,360
We-- I said, "I cannot leave.
My brother is there in someplace."

552
00:37:44,720 --> 00:37:46,280
"I got to find him, I got to find him."

553
00:37:46,760 --> 00:37:48,640
And he says, "He can't made it.
He couldn't have made it."

554
00:37:49,120 --> 00:37:54,040
The Andersons are
one of 38 sets of brothers aboard Arizona.

555
00:37:54,760 --> 00:37:56,800
Only one set survived.

556
00:37:57,000 --> 00:37:59,440
"Just get in there."
He said, "This place is going to blow."

557
00:37:59,600 --> 00:38:03,000
The blaze threatens
to ignite another ammunition store.

558
00:38:03,280 --> 00:38:04,440
I said, "Well, I'm not going."

559
00:38:04,520 --> 00:38:06,240
He says, "Yes, you are."
And he shoved me in.

560
00:38:06,400 --> 00:38:08,680
With a wounded man in my hand.

561
00:38:09,680 --> 00:38:12,680
So, I got in the boat
whether I wanted to or not.

562
00:38:24,480 --> 00:38:29,840
The USS Monaghan crew
was just passing Pearl City Peninsula

563
00:38:30,280 --> 00:38:34,720
when they were notified
that there was a submarine in that area.

564
00:38:37,760 --> 00:38:40,200
But this is no ordinary submarine.

565
00:38:42,400 --> 00:38:47,320
It's part of a fleet of midget subs
never before used in combat.

566
00:38:50,080 --> 00:38:53,800
{\an8}The Americans didn't have
mini submarines in their naval arsenal,

567
00:38:54,040 --> 00:38:56,120
{\an8}they weren't expecting
this sort of attack.

568
00:38:56,280 --> 00:38:59,680
{\an8}At first, the skipper
of the Monahan is incredulous.

569
00:38:59,840 --> 00:39:04,600
{\an8}He thinks there can't possibly be
an enemy submarine in the harbor,

570
00:39:05,400 --> 00:39:07,840
but just as he is saying these words,

571
00:39:08,040 --> 00:39:11,600
one of his crewmen
who is on the bridge says,

572
00:39:11,680 --> 00:39:14,280
"Well, I understand that, Skipper,
but what the hell is that?"

573
00:39:14,720 --> 00:39:17,320
And he points and you can see
the conning tower

574
00:39:17,760 --> 00:39:20,520
of a Japanese miniature submarine
dead ahead.

575
00:39:23,240 --> 00:39:25,320
{\an8}

576
00:39:25,440 --> 00:39:30,240
The submarine itself
fired a torpedo at the Monaghan,

577
00:39:30,360 --> 00:39:32,600
which brushed along the side of the ship.

578
00:39:33,400 --> 00:39:40,400
The engineers rang up full power
and, uh, fired at the, uh, submarine.

579
00:39:41,920 --> 00:39:44,480
The first shot
goes right through the conning tower,

580
00:39:44,600 --> 00:39:45,960
and as the crew explained,

581
00:39:46,040 --> 00:39:49,720
decapitated the pilot
of the Japanese submarine,

582
00:39:49,840 --> 00:39:52,360
and then the Monaghan
proceeded straight ahead,

583
00:39:52,760 --> 00:39:56,200
rammed the enemy submarine,
and for good measure,

584
00:39:56,320 --> 00:39:58,720
rolled depth charges
off the back of the ship.

585
00:39:58,880 --> 00:40:02,400
Well, against, you know,
such a tiny target as that,

586
00:40:02,480 --> 00:40:04,440
the result is complete destruction.

587
00:40:06,600 --> 00:40:09,920
It's a small price to pay
for the Japanese successes.

588
00:40:11,880 --> 00:40:16,960
The first wave attack on Pearl Harbor
has hit most of the prize targets.

589
00:40:17,080 --> 00:40:18,800
But the fleet's flagship,

590
00:40:18,920 --> 00:40:23,440
the USS Pennsylvania,
in dry dock, remains unscathed,

591
00:40:24,040 --> 00:40:29,800
the USS Maryland and USS Tennessee
have so far escaped serious damage.

592
00:40:30,560 --> 00:40:35,160
Had the plan been better executed,
things could have been much worse.

593
00:40:36,000 --> 00:40:39,160
If things had gone
absolutely according to plan,

594
00:40:39,400 --> 00:40:44,200
it's not unreasonable to think
that the Japanese might have sunk

595
00:40:44,360 --> 00:40:47,080
every single battleship in Battleship Row.

596
00:40:48,360 --> 00:40:51,600
Twenty-four
out of the available 40 torpedoes

597
00:40:51,840 --> 00:40:56,600
are launched against the Oklahoma,
the West Virginia and the California.

598
00:40:57,760 --> 00:41:02,360
There was definitely target fixation
on the Oklahoma and the West Virginia,

599
00:41:02,440 --> 00:41:06,920
and it prevented further damage
to the battleships Nevada and California,

600
00:41:07,040 --> 00:41:09,480
which by all rights could have been sunk.

601
00:41:10,560 --> 00:41:13,200
Of the 50
heavy-armor-piercing bombs

602
00:41:13,360 --> 00:41:16,240
that the Japanese dropped,
they got only ten hits.

603
00:41:17,120 --> 00:41:18,560
That's a 20% hit rate,

604
00:41:18,640 --> 00:41:23,840
that's lower than they wanted to see
as a result of their work-up exercises.

605
00:41:24,040 --> 00:41:27,560
And of those ten hits,
a number of them were duds.

606
00:41:28,960 --> 00:41:31,280
The Japanese
lose only nine planes

607
00:41:31,360 --> 00:41:32,640
shot down in the first wave.

608
00:41:32,760 --> 00:41:34,440
It's a very minimal amount,

609
00:41:34,840 --> 00:41:37,200
considering all the risks
that went into this mission.

610
00:41:48,880 --> 00:41:51,320
A lull settles over the harbor.

611
00:41:52,640 --> 00:41:58,320
The gates of hell had been opened up,
uh, by the end of the first attack wave.

612
00:41:58,680 --> 00:42:03,280
The scene and the anchorage
is absolutely cataclysmic.

613
00:42:04,480 --> 00:42:08,080
Instead of relief,
there is chaos and fear.

614
00:42:08,720 --> 00:42:13,280
The, uh, men in the harbor were
just firing at anything and everything.

615
00:42:13,400 --> 00:42:16,720
They would hear a strange noise
and they'd start firing the machine guns.

616
00:42:17,040 --> 00:42:20,640
American, uh, planes,
if they got near the harbor,

617
00:42:20,760 --> 00:42:22,640
were thought to be Japanese planes.

618
00:42:23,760 --> 00:42:27,720
We didn't know
whether the Japanese had troop ships

619
00:42:27,880 --> 00:42:31,040
{\an8}and they were gonna land
troops on the island or not.

620
00:42:32,240 --> 00:42:33,120
Next time,

621
00:42:33,280 --> 00:42:39,040
with the US Pacific Fleet on its knees,
a second wave of Japanese planes arrives.

622
00:42:39,560 --> 00:42:42,040
Their mission, to finish off the fleet.

623
00:42:42,600 --> 00:42:45,320
All the fighters
and bombers in the air.

624
00:42:45,840 --> 00:42:48,440
The Nevada got attacked by everybody.

625
00:42:53,720 --> 00:42:57,520
By this time,
the Americans were fully alerted,

626
00:42:58,400 --> 00:43:00,600
and they were blind fighting mad.

627
00:43:01,800 --> 00:43:03,120
He got a machine gun

628
00:43:03,200 --> 00:43:06,160
and was shooting back
at the Japanese planes.

629
00:43:06,760 --> 00:43:08,920
It showed a lot of courage to me.

630
00:43:11,480 --> 00:43:13,720
{\an8}