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<i>United Kingdom.</i>

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<i>From a unique aerial view,</i>

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<i>we will show four countries</i>
<i>who come together into one nation.</i>

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<i>Year-old traditions.</i>

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<i>Unparalleled engineering marvels.</i>

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<i>The United Kingdom</i>
<i>brings together a population of innovators</i>

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<i>who forged the modern world.</i>

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<i>In this series,</i>
<i>we will take an air trip around Europe,</i>

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<i>seeing its attractions</i>
<i>from a new perspective.</i>

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<i>Filmed from above</i>
<i>in the course of just one year,</i>

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<i>as the landscape transforms,</i>

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<i>with the changing of the seasons.</i>

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<i>Let's discover the culture,</i>

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<i>history and engineering</i>

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<i>who built the great nations</i>
<i>Europeans that we see today.</i>

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EUROPE VIEW FROM TOP

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UNITED KINGDOM

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<i>The United Kingdom is an island nation</i>
<i>located in northwestern Europe.</i>

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<i>Separated from the mainland</i>
<i>through the English Channel,</i>

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<i>the UK took a different path</i>
<i>from the rest of the continent.</i>

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<i>It is made up of England,</i>

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<i>Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.</i>

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<i>Each country has its own landscape,</i>
<i>culture</i>

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<i>and sense of identity.</i>

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<i>It's April and the weather</i>
<i>it's warming up across the nation.</i>

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<i>The trees shake off the blankets of snow</i>

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<i>and fill the bouquets with flowers...</i>

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<i>... at the time of spring</i>
<i>arrives in the United Kingdom.</i>

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SPRING

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<i>In the capital of England, London,</i>
<i>it's the usual hustle and bustle.</i>

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<i>An aerial view reveals</i>
<i>like this 2000 year old city</i>

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<i>is full</i>
<i>of a unique architecture</i>

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<i>and engineering marvels seen</i>
<i>nowhere else on Earth.</i>

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<i>The Houses of Parliament,</i>

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<i>the nation's seat of government.</i>

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<i>Saint Paul's Cathedral,</i>

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<i>known for its iconic dome</i>
<i>30 meters wide.</i>

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<i>Tower Bridge, the world famous</i>
<i>city's suspended drawbridge.</i>

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<i>Above the clouds,</i>
<i>London appears huge to us.</i>

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<i>An immense metropolis</i>

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<i>extending over 50 km</i>
<i>diagonally.</i>

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<i>It's home to fence</i>
<i>nine million people.</i>

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<i>Getting closer to the city center,</i>

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<i>we see an aggregate</i>
<i>of high-tech buildings</i>

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<i>that rise above references</i>
<i>traditional London.</i>

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<i>These are the imposing skyscrapers</i>
<i>from the famous financial center.</i>

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<i>Each incredible new megastructure</i>
<i>has exclusive engineering.</i>

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<i>Perhaps the most striking</i>
<i>be the Leadenhall of glass,</i>

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<i>famous for its unusual wedge shape.</i>

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<i>This stunning structure</i>
<i>it is 225 meters high.</i>

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<i>Your core of steel</i>
<i>weighs almost 18 thousand tons.</i>

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<i>Its angular facade is covered by</i>
<i>4220 glass panels.</i>

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<i>Pawel Urban knows like few others</i>

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<i>the shiny glass panels</i>
<i>from the Leadenhall building</i>

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<i>because it is your job to clean them.</i>

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I'd rather do this work
on sunny days like this.

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In good weather.

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<i>Today, Pawel and his team</i>
<i>they are going to clean the Leadenhall building.</i>

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<i>To do this, the team uses a mechanical arm</i>
<i>specially designed</i>

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<i>carrying a metal box</i>
<i>from the side of the building.</i>

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<i>But the team can only take action</i>

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<i>when the wind speed</i>
<i>is less than 40 km/h.</i>

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<i>This is to ensure that the box</i>
<i>does not wobble precariously</i>

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<i>with a strong breeze, damaging the glass.</i>

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<i>Or let go of the crane completely.</i>

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<i>The wind blew at more than 50 km/h</i>
<i>all morning,</i>

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<i>but the team notices</i>
<i>time will calm down.</i>

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It's not very windy. 4.8 km/h.

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<i>The team begins to prepare</i>
<i>the extraordinary descent</i>

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<i>through the facade</i>
<i>of the glass skyscraper,</i>

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<i>but they need to be fast</i>

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<i>to make the most of it</i>
<i>the truce of time.</i>

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The first time I entered the box,
I was very scared,

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But now I have no problems.

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<i>Aerial cameras reveal</i>
<i>this extraordinary process in detail.</i>

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<i>No control,</i>
<i>the further the box descends on the cables,</i>

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<i>more risks swaying in the wind.</i>

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<i>Architects built this</i>
<i>seven-channel skyscraper</i>

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<i>aligned on the south facade of the building.</i>

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<i>The box has special rails</i>

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<i>that stick to these channels.</i>

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<i>Trails help avoid</i>
<i>let the box sway with the wind.</i>

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<i>But, as the hours passed,</i>

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<i>unpredictable spring weather</i>
<i>starts to change.</i>

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Sometimes it's very windy

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and we have to climb quickly,
because it becomes very dangerous.

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<i>With the wind intensifying,</i>

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<i>Pawel and his team</i>
<i>finish the last window.</i>

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<i>They completed two sections of the building</i>

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<i>in the little time they had.</i>

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<i>But with the 4220 glass panels</i>
<i>from the Leadenhall building,</i>

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<i>make the city skyline shine</i>
<i>it's a full-time job.</i>

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We see the windows. We are on the ground floor.

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They are beautiful, shiny,
I feel proud and happy.

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It was a good job.

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<i>While window cleaners</i>
<i>abandon platforms...</i>

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<i>... across the Irish Sea,</i>

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<i>time for another cleaning</i>
<i>spring on a mega scale.</i>

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<i>Northern Ireland is the country</i>
<i>smallest in the United Kingdom.</i>

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<i>Belfast, its capital,</i>

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<i>it is a port city rich in history.</i>

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<i>This is where the legendary Titanic departed.</i>

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<i>Northern Ireland is a land</i>
<i>of epic landscapes,</i>

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<i>from rugged fields</i>
<i>mythical coastlines.</i>

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<i>On its northeast coast,</i>
<i>in County Antrim,</i>

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<i>there is a natural wonder.</i>

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<i>This black shore</i>
<i>It is known as the Giant's Coast.</i>

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<i>A geological wonder</i>
<i>60 million years old.</i>

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<i>A bird's eye view reveals a part</i>
<i>world famous coast:</i>

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<i>the Giant's Causeway.</i>

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<i>It's a strange tangle</i>
<i>about 40 thousand pillars</i>

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<i>interconnected hexagonal</i>
<i>with 60 million years of history.</i>

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<i>The Giant's Causeway</i>

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<i>it's a tourist attraction</i>
<i>most visited in Northern Ireland.</i>

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<i>Close to active shipping routes</i>
<i>the Atlantic and Irish Sea,</i>

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<i>the coastline</i>
<i>presents a lot of marine debris.</i>

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<i>This means that every year</i>

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<i>the Giant's coast</i>
<i>needs some spring cleaning.</i>

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Today we will see what is possible
regarding plastic removal

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in the Giant's Causeway bay.

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<i>Barry Etherson is a local instructor</i>
<i>water sports.</i>

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<i>Be part of a group</i>
<i>dedicated group of volunteers</i>

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<i>which removes unwanted marine debris</i>
<i>from the Calçada coast.</i>

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<i>Today, Barry and the team</i>

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<i>intend to clean four kilometers</i>
<i>coast next to the Giant's Causeway.</i>

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<i>They collect everything,</i>
<i>nylon fishing nets and tires</i>

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<i>even plastic oil containers</i>
<i>and even slippers.</i>

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<i>But hidden algae and rocks</i>

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<i>make it too dangerous</i>
<i>the approach of the boats.</i>

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<i>So the team uses jet skis.</i>

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<i>The final meters are too shallow,</i>
<i>same for motorcycles.</i>

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<i>Volunteers have to swim</i>
<i>the remaining route.</i>

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<i>Being careful to avoid</i>
<i>the biggest waves against the rocks.</i>

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<i>According to a local legend,</i>
<i>a giant called Finn McCool,</i>

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<i>built the pillars</i>
<i>like a bridge to Scotland.</i>

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<i>In fact, the Giant's Causeway</i>

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<i>is the result of a volcanic eruption</i>
<i>60 million years ago.</i>

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<i>As lava bubbled up from the ground,</i>

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<i>reached the sea,</i>
<i>where it cooled quickly,</i>

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<i>breaking and forming the pillars</i>
<i>basalt hexagonal</i>

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<i>what we see today.</i>

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<i>Barry's Team</i>
<i>takes about six hours</i>

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<i>to raise more than 500 kilos</i>
<i>waste.</i>

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<i>Now, they need to transport</i>
<i>the cargo for the boat.</i>

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<i>Barry and the Volunteers</i>

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<i>they take the bags of debris to shore.</i>

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<i>The team needs to step up</i>
<i>for watercraft</i>

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<i>already loaded with waste bags.</i>

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Many of the large bags get stuck.

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They get stuck in barnacles and limpets.

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It's based on brute force.
We encourage each other.

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<i>Clear waste area</i>

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<i>not just to protect</i>
<i>the extraordinary beauty of this region,</i>

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<i>but also preserve</i>
<i>the vitality of the ecosystem.</i>

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Plastics decompose
in microplastics,

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which are eaten by fish
and, later, by people.

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<i>Volunteers load the van</i>
<i>with the last charge.</i>

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<i>They managed to collect some</i>
<i>a staggering 545 kilos of trash.</i>

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<i>Today's effort helped preserve</i>
<i>this iconic coast,</i>

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<i>in time for the influx of summer tourists.</i>

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We care, we appreciate beauty.
We work here.

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We hope it continues like this.

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It's a busy area
and many come to enjoy it here.

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<i>It's the beginning of June</i>

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<i>and temperatures start to rise</i>
<i>across the country.</i>

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<i>The beaches, once empty,</i>
<i>filled with tourists,</i>

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<i>as people</i>
<i>run to the seaside.</i>

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<i>Summer has arrived in the UK.</i>

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SUMMER

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<i>In this warm and shining weather,</i>

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<i>the south coast of England</i>
<i>filled with tourists</i>

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<i>who seek the traditional</i>
<i>family rest.</i>

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<i>From the white limestone cliffs</i>
<i>from Dover...</i>

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<i>... to the Jurassic coast of Dorset,</i>

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<i>these photogenic bays</i>

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<i>echo the sound of a masterpiece</i>
<i>of engineering that changed the world.</i>

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<i>In the 19th century, British engineers</i>

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<i>invented and perfected</i>
<i>the steam railway.</i>

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<i>Laid more than 32 thousand km of lines</i>
<i>in the British Isles,</i>

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<i>revolutionizing transportation.</i>

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<i>On the south coast of Devon,</i>

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<i>is what will be</i>
<i>the most beautiful railway line</i>

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<i>than the British industrial pioneers</i>
<i>ever conceived.</i>

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<i>This is the Dartmouth Heritage line.</i>

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<i>There are 11 kilometers of line</i>
<i>going from Paignton in the north</i>

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<i>as far as Kingswear in the south.</i>

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<i>The line offers nostalgic tourists</i>

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<i>a light sample</i>
<i>from an era now gone.</i>

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<i>It's up to Ian Wellington</i>

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<i>maintain the old train collection</i>
<i>in perfect working condition.</i>

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<i>Each of these machines</i>
<i>has its own character and</i>nuances.</i>

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Some say they have personality.

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They live and breathe because of the shape
how they work and how they sound.

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<i>These classic machines</i>

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<i>work with hot steam,</i>
<i>maintained at very high pressures.</i>

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<i>The six engines under Ian's care</i>

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<i>have a collective age</i>
<i>more than 500 years old.</i>

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<i>In other words, they are necessary</i>
<i>Ian's 35 years of experience</i>

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<i>to keep the locomotives running.</i>

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We are responsible for the train
where people travel

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and we have to know what we do,
what could go wrong.

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<i>It's time to board the passengers</i>

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<i>and fuel the furnace</i>

204
00:14:14,960 --> 00:14:17,440
<i>located inland</i>
<i>from the train boiler.</i>

205
00:14:18,720 --> 00:14:21,360
<i>The hot furnace</i>
<i>converts the water around it</i>

206
00:14:21,440 --> 00:14:22,880
<i>in high pressure steam.</i>

207
00:14:24,440 --> 00:14:26,320
<i>A tube at the top of the boiler</i>

208
00:14:26,400 --> 00:14:29,160
<i>diverts steam to twin pistons</i>

209
00:14:29,680 --> 00:14:32,280
<i>located on both sides</i>
<i>front wheels.</i>

210
00:14:35,120 --> 00:14:37,480
<i>As the pistons</i>
<i>fill with steam,</i>

211
00:14:37,560 --> 00:14:39,480
<i>drive the wheels forward.</i>

212
00:14:54,240 --> 00:14:57,360
<i>This line includes a tunnel</i>
<i>half a kilometer long</i>

213
00:14:58,120 --> 00:15:00,720
<i>and the magnificent Hooks Hill Viaduct,</i>

214
00:15:01,360 --> 00:15:04,880
<i>designed by British engineer</i>
<i>worldwide known,</i>

215
00:15:04,960 --> 00:15:06,720
<i>Isambard Kingdom Brunel.</i>

216
00:15:08,920 --> 00:15:11,920
<i>Finally, Kingswear...</i>

217
00:15:13,600 --> 00:15:16,680
<i>...a picturesque fishing village</i>
<i>crowded with boats.</i>

218
00:15:21,680 --> 00:15:25,280
<i>The steam train completed</i>
<i>a trouble-free path</i>

219
00:15:26,040 --> 00:15:29,360
<i>and all its classic components</i>
<i>are intact.</i>

220
00:15:30,520 --> 00:15:32,560
<i>For Ian, this is a victory.</i>

221
00:15:33,560 --> 00:15:36,680
I think I did a good job
and I deserve a cup of tea.

222
00:15:40,040 --> 00:15:43,720
<i>It is proof of care and attention</i>
<i>from Ian and his team</i>

223
00:15:43,800 --> 00:15:47,800
<i>that this small part of</i>
<i>British heritage is preserved</i>

224
00:15:47,880 --> 00:15:50,000
<i>thinking about future generations.</i>

225
00:15:52,720 --> 00:15:56,960
<i>In addition to creating a railway network</i>
<i>in the interior of the country,</i>

226
00:15:57,040 --> 00:15:59,920
<i>the first industrial engineers</i>
<i>from Great Britain</i>

227
00:16:00,000 --> 00:16:03,520
<i>built another legacy</i>
<i>in the remaining transport.</i>

228
00:16:07,960 --> 00:16:12,080
<i>In July, the heat of midsummer</i>
<i>spreads across the UK.</i>

229
00:16:12,520 --> 00:16:14,400
<i>From the south coast of England,</i>

230
00:16:14,880 --> 00:16:19,240
<i>the northernmost country in the United Kingdom,</i>
<i>Scotland.</i>

231
00:16:20,840 --> 00:16:23,480
<i>Here</i>
<i>hikers go to the highlands</i>

232
00:16:23,560 --> 00:16:26,840
<i>to explore some of the mountains</i>
<i>highest in the UK</i>

233
00:16:27,960 --> 00:16:31,400
<i>at a time when the summer thaw</i>
<i>melts snowy peaks.</i>

234
00:16:32,600 --> 00:16:34,200
<i>In the south of Scotland,</i>

235
00:16:34,280 --> 00:16:39,120
<i>the vibrant cities of Glasgow</i>
<i>and the country's capital, Edinburgh,</i>

236
00:16:39,200 --> 00:16:44,120
<i>teaming with tourists</i>
<i>avid for art and culture.</i>

237
00:16:46,160 --> 00:16:49,160
<i>Who wants to escape the hustle and bustle</i>

238
00:16:49,760 --> 00:16:53,440
<i>travel to the canals,</i>
<i>for a peaceful weekend on the water.</i>

239
00:16:55,800 --> 00:16:57,480
<i>The United Kingdom</i>

240
00:16:57,560 --> 00:17:02,240
<i>it is crossed by more than 3000 km</i>
<i>man-made waterways.</i>

241
00:17:03,040 --> 00:17:06,920
<i>Engineers built these canals</i>
<i>in the 18th and 19th centuries</i>

242
00:17:07,000 --> 00:17:09,280
<i>to fuel the Industrial Revolution.</i>

243
00:17:10,000 --> 00:17:12,120
<i>Today, they are used for fun.</i>

244
00:17:14,240 --> 00:17:16,680
<i>Scotland has two main canals</i>

245
00:17:16,760 --> 00:17:19,160
<i>flowing between Glasgow and Edinburgh.</i>

246
00:17:19,920 --> 00:17:23,200
<i>They meet halfway,</i>
<i>in a town called Falkirk.</i>

247
00:17:24,680 --> 00:17:27,800
<i>From above, the two channels appear to join together.</i>

248
00:17:30,880 --> 00:17:33,400
<i>But a closer look</i>
<i>reveals a problem.</i>

249
00:17:34,360 --> 00:17:36,560
<i>The rolling Scottish landscape</i>

250
00:17:36,640 --> 00:17:41,000
<i>is responsible for a vertical fall</i>
<i>35 meters between the two channels.</i>

251
00:17:42,040 --> 00:17:44,800
<i>How do you travel between two waterways</i>

252
00:17:44,880 --> 00:17:46,800
<i>on completely different levels?</i>

253
00:17:48,360 --> 00:17:52,000
<i>Creative engineers</i>
<i>they devised an ingenious solution.</i>

254
00:17:53,440 --> 00:17:56,400
<i>The only rotating boat lift:</i>

255
00:17:57,200 --> 00:17:58,960
<i>the Falkirk Wheel.</i>

256
00:18:01,840 --> 00:18:05,120
<i>Before this machine</i>
<i>opened in 2002</i>

257
00:18:05,200 --> 00:18:08,320
<i>the exhausted sailors</i>
<i>needed a day of work</i>

258
00:18:08,400 --> 00:18:10,400
<i>to travel between the two channels,</i>

259
00:18:10,960 --> 00:18:14,880
<i>opening and closing 44 floodgates</i>
<i>by the way.</i>

260
00:18:16,160 --> 00:18:19,480
<i>Currently,</i>
<i>the Falkirk Wheel transports ships</i>

261
00:18:19,560 --> 00:18:21,720
<i>up and down, between channels,</i>

262
00:18:21,800 --> 00:18:23,840
<i>in just four and a half minutes.</i>

263
00:18:26,280 --> 00:18:30,040
<i>Peter Robinson is the chief engineer</i>
<i>in the company Scottish Canals.</i>

264
00:18:30,920 --> 00:18:33,520
<i>Your job is to ensure</i>
<i>proper functioning</i>

265
00:18:33,600 --> 00:18:37,560
<i>of this engineering marvel</i>
<i>worth £17.5 million.</i>

266
00:18:38,600 --> 00:18:41,840
Be responsible
by this system is superb.

267
00:18:41,920 --> 00:18:43,720
I have the best job in the world.

268
00:18:45,520 --> 00:18:50,440
<i>Today, Peter and his colleagues</i>
<i>they have seven hours to coordinate</i>

269
00:18:50,520 --> 00:18:54,000
<i>the upward and downward movement</i>
<i>of 25 boats.</i>

270
00:18:56,440 --> 00:18:57,960
<i>At each end of the road,</i>

271
00:18:58,040 --> 00:19:00,800
<i>start to arrive</i>
<i>the first boats of the day.</i>

272
00:19:05,040 --> 00:19:08,760
<i>Captains direct the vessels</i>
<i>for waterproof gondolas</i>

273
00:19:08,840 --> 00:19:10,360
<i>at each end of the wheel.</i>

274
00:19:14,400 --> 00:19:16,440
<i>In the operating room, Peter's colleagues</i>

275
00:19:16,520 --> 00:19:18,880
<i>the hydraulic gates close...</i>

276
00:19:20,360 --> 00:19:22,200
<i>... and activate the wheel.</i>

277
00:19:26,240 --> 00:19:27,880
<i>Ten hydraulic motors</i>

278
00:19:28,320 --> 00:19:30,840
<i>cooperate to feed</i>
<i>a huge gear</i>

279
00:19:30,920 --> 00:19:32,920
<i>which rotates the central axis.</i>

280
00:19:33,840 --> 00:19:37,800
<i>It rises into the air</i>
<i>one of the 300-ton gondolas</i>

281
00:19:37,880 --> 00:19:39,480
<i>while lowering the other one.</i>

282
00:19:40,480 --> 00:19:42,280
<i>As the wheel turns,</i>

283
00:19:42,360 --> 00:19:44,720
<i>each of the gondolas</i>
<i>remains vertical,</i>

284
00:19:44,800 --> 00:19:47,440
<i>thanks to a set</i>
<i>of gigantic gears.</i>

285
00:19:48,840 --> 00:19:51,360
The number of people who come here is incredible

286
00:19:51,440 --> 00:19:53,440
and we transport them safely.

287
00:19:53,520 --> 00:19:55,840
It's engineering at its best.

288
00:19:56,960 --> 00:19:58,400
<i>At every turn,</i>

289
00:19:58,480 --> 00:20:01,160
<i>the mechanism only uses</i>
<i>the amount of energy</i>

290
00:20:01,240 --> 00:20:02,920
<i>equivalent to eight boiling kettles.</i>

291
00:20:04,320 --> 00:20:06,720
<i>For the wheel to work efficiently,</i>

292
00:20:06,800 --> 00:20:11,680
<i>the weight of the two gondolas</i>
<i>it must always be exactly the same.</i>

293
00:20:13,600 --> 00:20:16,000
<i>Fortunately, it's not as difficult as it seems,</i>

294
00:20:16,440 --> 00:20:19,040
<i>thanks to a peculiarity</i>
<i>physics practice.</i>

295
00:20:20,520 --> 00:20:22,680
<i>When a boat enters one of the gondolas,</i>

296
00:20:23,120 --> 00:20:26,480
<i>makes it move exactly</i>
<i>its own weight in water.</i>

297
00:20:29,520 --> 00:20:33,560
<i>The two ends of the elevator</i>
<i>remain in perfect balance,</i>

298
00:20:34,080 --> 00:20:37,040
<i>whether empty or full of boats.</i>

299
00:20:38,560 --> 00:20:40,520
It's complex but simple at the same time.

300
00:20:40,600 --> 00:20:44,320
What enters displaces water,
then the two gondolas on the wheel

301
00:20:44,400 --> 00:20:45,800
are balanced.

302
00:20:45,880 --> 00:20:50,480
It's absolutely incredible for us to think
in engineering creativity.

303
00:20:53,920 --> 00:20:56,200
<i>The designers of the Falkirk Wheel</i>

304
00:20:56,280 --> 00:20:59,640
<i>created a unique engineering masterpiece</i>

305
00:20:59,720 --> 00:21:03,760
<i>to solve a unique problem</i>
<i>with originality and style.</i>

306
00:21:10,360 --> 00:21:13,680
<i>As narrow boats</i>
<i>roam the Scottish countryside,</i>

307
00:21:14,560 --> 00:21:15,840
<i>in the fields nearby,</i>

308
00:21:15,920 --> 00:21:19,040
<i>barley farmers</i>
<i>preparing for the harvest.</i>

309
00:21:20,600 --> 00:21:24,920
<i>This barley will continue</i>
<i>one of Scotland's greatest prides.</i>

310
00:21:29,280 --> 00:21:31,280
<i>In the northeast of Scotland,</i>

311
00:21:32,880 --> 00:21:36,240
<i>aerial cameras</i>
<i>reveal numerous small factories.</i>

312
00:21:37,600 --> 00:21:38,600
<i>What are they?</i>

313
00:21:40,200 --> 00:21:44,080
<i>There is a track along one</i>
<i>one of the largest waterways in the country.</i>

314
00:21:44,520 --> 00:21:46,360
<i>The mighty river Spey.</i>

315
00:21:47,480 --> 00:21:51,160
<i>There are more hidden factories</i>
<i>in the bends of this river</i>

316
00:21:51,240 --> 00:21:53,480
<i>than anywhere else in Scotland.</i>

317
00:21:56,480 --> 00:22:00,080
These are the famous distilleries
of Speyside whiskey.

318
00:22:01,480 --> 00:22:05,000
<i>They use pure water from local springs</i>
<i>to manufacture the drink.</i>

319
00:22:07,120 --> 00:22:11,800
<i>This industry gave rise</i>
<i>an extraordinary air show.</i>

320
00:22:14,000 --> 00:22:17,040
<i>A courtyard that rises like a Mayan temple</i>

321
00:22:17,120 --> 00:22:18,920
<i>in the heart of whiskey country.</i>

322
00:22:23,400 --> 00:22:26,680
<i>This is the Speyside cooperage.</i>

323
00:22:29,040 --> 00:22:33,840
<i>Accommodates approximately</i>
<i>150 thousand empty whiskey barrels.</i>

324
00:22:35,560 --> 00:22:39,200
<i>Stacked in pyramids</i>
<i>almost 10 meters tall.</i>

325
00:22:42,520 --> 00:22:45,240
<i>When the distilleries</i>
<i>they need more barrels,</i>

326
00:22:45,320 --> 00:22:48,920
<i>it is up to cooper John Richard</i>
<i>build and repair them.</i>

327
00:22:49,760 --> 00:22:53,960
There's nothing like pyramids
which we have at the Speyside cooperage.

328
00:22:54,040 --> 00:22:56,600
Many people say they look alike

329
00:22:56,680 --> 00:22:58,800
to the ancient pyramids of Egypt.

330
00:23:00,240 --> 00:23:03,000
<i>Whiskey begins its life</i>
<i>like a colorless liquid.</i>

331
00:23:03,520 --> 00:23:06,600
<i>Oak barrels</i>
<i>they give it the famous golden tone.</i>

332
00:23:07,720 --> 00:23:09,680
<i>When these barrels empty,</i>

333
00:23:09,760 --> 00:23:12,400
<i>distilleries bring us</i>
<i>to be stored</i>

334
00:23:12,480 --> 00:23:14,280
<i>and eventually rehabilitated.</i>

335
00:23:17,440 --> 00:23:19,640
<i>Today, one of the local distilleries</i>

336
00:23:19,720 --> 00:23:23,320
<i>placed an order for 300 barrels</i>
<i>recently renovated.</i>

337
00:23:27,400 --> 00:23:29,640
<i>Barrels are repaired to order,</i>

338
00:23:30,080 --> 00:23:33,920
<i>so they are ready to be shipped</i>
<i>to the distillery on the same day.</i>

339
00:23:37,880 --> 00:23:40,240
<i>It's time for John to work</i>

340
00:23:40,320 --> 00:23:42,560
<i>in a 2,000-year-old tradition.</i>

341
00:23:48,560 --> 00:23:50,280
<i>Inside the cooperage,</i>

342
00:23:50,360 --> 00:23:53,640
<i>John starts working on the order</i>
<i>at incredible speed.</i>

343
00:23:54,360 --> 00:23:57,680
<i>Checks for imperfections</i>
<i>in the oak staves</i>

344
00:23:58,120 --> 00:24:00,600
<i>and discard rotten pieces of wood,</i>

345
00:24:00,680 --> 00:24:02,760
<i>replacing them with a new strip.</i>

346
00:24:02,840 --> 00:24:06,560
We check for defects,
like broken staves,

347
00:24:06,640 --> 00:24:09,080
rusty rims,
deformed ends.

348
00:24:09,720 --> 00:24:12,200
Experience tells us what to look for.

349
00:24:12,640 --> 00:24:16,360
<i>When barrels are repaired</i>
<i>and both ends removed,</i>

350
00:24:16,800 --> 00:24:20,520
<i>coopers do one thing</i>
<i>which, at first glance, seems bizarre.</i>

351
00:24:21,600 --> 00:24:24,920
<i>They set fire to each barrel</i>
<i>using a flamethrower.</i>

352
00:24:25,840 --> 00:24:29,280
<i>The cooper places the barrels</i>
<i>over a hole in the ground,</i>

353
00:24:29,840 --> 00:24:33,560
<i>which shoots a flame at 430 degrees,</i>

354
00:24:33,640 --> 00:24:37,000
<i>burning the inside of the barrel</i>
<i>for a period of up to four minutes.</i>

355
00:24:38,680 --> 00:24:40,760
<i>This process is carbonization,</i>

356
00:24:41,760 --> 00:24:43,280
<i>who holds the secret</i>

357
00:24:43,360 --> 00:24:45,640
<i>the delicate flavor of malt whiskey.</i>

358
00:24:46,560 --> 00:24:49,560
The carbonization
caramelizes natural sugars

359
00:24:49,640 --> 00:24:52,880
that exist in wood,
which allows alcohol

360
00:24:52,960 --> 00:24:55,480
soak up the flavors
of honey and caramel.

361
00:24:59,160 --> 00:25:03,640
<i>In a single day,</i>
<i>John and team prepare 300 barrels</i>

362
00:25:04,240 --> 00:25:06,360
<i>to be sent to the distillery.</i>

363
00:25:07,880 --> 00:25:12,480
<i>Each barrel will last the next decade</i>
<i>converting colorless spirit</i>

364
00:25:12,560 --> 00:25:15,040
<i>in an exclusive product from Scotland.</i>

365
00:25:15,680 --> 00:25:18,880
Speyside is the world capital
of malt whiskey.

366
00:25:19,560 --> 00:25:24,840
At the end of the day, when I take
my last barrel for the truck,

367
00:25:24,920 --> 00:25:29,520
It's good to know I contributed
for something so vital to the region.

368
00:25:36,360 --> 00:25:38,360
<i>As the end of summer approaches,</i>

369
00:25:38,840 --> 00:25:42,240
<i>temperatures in the United Kingdom</i>
<i>begin to cool down.</i>

370
00:25:44,440 --> 00:25:47,520
<i>It's November and the days</i>
<i>they're getting shorter.</i>

371
00:25:49,280 --> 00:25:52,360
<i>The morning sun paints the sky a soft pink</i>

372
00:25:52,920 --> 00:25:55,880
<i>and a thick fog</i>
<i>settles in the landscape.</i>

373
00:25:58,040 --> 00:25:59,080
<i>Autumn has arrived...</i>

374
00:25:59,720 --> 00:26:02,840
<i>... and, in the north of England,</i>
<i>the cold in the air</i>

375
00:26:02,920 --> 00:26:06,480
<i>marks the beginning of one of the exploits</i>
<i>most incredible farms...</i>

376
00:26:07,680 --> 00:26:09,920
<i>... that announces the arrival</i>
<i>of a new life.</i>

377
00:26:15,040 --> 00:26:18,720
<i>In the northwest of England,</i>
<i>in the heart of Cumbria,</i>

378
00:26:19,280 --> 00:26:21,200
<i>the Lake District is located.</i>

379
00:26:21,280 --> 00:26:23,480
<i>A wide and steep national park,</i>

380
00:26:23,960 --> 00:26:27,520
<i>carved by glaciers throughout</i>
<i>from the last two million years.</i>

381
00:26:29,400 --> 00:26:30,800
<i>Looking in more detail,</i>

382
00:26:31,320 --> 00:26:34,480
<i>it's a patchwork quilt</i>
<i>of apparently arid mountains.</i>

383
00:26:39,320 --> 00:26:40,880
<i>An aerial view</i>

384
00:26:40,960 --> 00:26:45,080
<i>reveals that this rugged landscape</i>
<i>it is agricultural land.</i>

385
00:26:49,520 --> 00:26:51,400
<i>Farmer David Harrison</i>

386
00:26:51,480 --> 00:26:54,560
<i>takes care of 1100 sheep</i>
<i>that graze in the mountains.</i>

387
00:26:55,760 --> 00:26:58,200
<i>It is an agricultural practice in the region,</i>

388
00:26:58,280 --> 00:27:01,440
<i>thought to retreat</i>
<i>to the times of the Vikings.</i>

389
00:27:01,520 --> 00:27:04,440
It's part of the people here.
It's something that's in the blood.

390
00:27:05,120 --> 00:27:08,880
My family works here
more than 100 years ago.

391
00:27:09,680 --> 00:27:12,440
I represent the fourth, fifth generation.

392
00:27:18,880 --> 00:27:22,800
<i>David needs to take the sheep</i>
<i>to the farm for breeding.</i>

393
00:27:24,160 --> 00:27:26,480
<i>Your problem is finding them.</i>

394
00:27:30,560 --> 00:27:32,480
<i>Sheep live semi-wild,</i>

395
00:27:34,160 --> 00:27:37,560
<i>distributed along the fence</i>
<i>of 12 thousand km2 mountainous.</i>

396
00:27:42,000 --> 00:27:43,280
<i>David's solution</i>

397
00:27:43,960 --> 00:27:46,000
<i>it's starting at the top of the mountain,</i>

398
00:27:46,520 --> 00:27:48,080
<i>with his pack of dogs</i>

399
00:27:49,040 --> 00:27:50,640
<i>and start descending.</i>

400
00:27:52,080 --> 00:27:53,640
I've done this many times,

401
00:27:53,720 --> 00:27:55,840
I know the slope
like the back of my hand.

402
00:27:57,080 --> 00:27:59,040
I know where my sheep are.

403
00:28:02,440 --> 00:28:05,640
<i>The more David and his dogs</i>
<i>descend the mountain,</i>

404
00:28:05,720 --> 00:28:07,560
<i>the flock becomes larger,</i>

405
00:28:09,000 --> 00:28:11,880
<i>as you collect more sheep</i>
<i>along the way.</i>

406
00:28:15,520 --> 00:28:18,440
It will take four to five hours

407
00:28:18,520 --> 00:28:20,880
to get all the sheep off the hillside.

408
00:28:22,760 --> 00:28:27,600
It's tiring and your feet hurt,
but we do.

409
00:28:31,280 --> 00:28:33,600
<i>When they reach the plain,</i>

410
00:28:33,680 --> 00:28:35,600
<i>the gigantic herd is complete.</i>

411
00:28:38,160 --> 00:28:41,080
<i>From above, it's an incredible view.</i>

412
00:28:42,320 --> 00:28:45,520
<i>A thousand sheep</i>
<i>they squeeze into the narrow gate,</i>

413
00:28:46,600 --> 00:28:50,800
<i>led by David's dogs,</i>
<i>like sand in an hourglass.</i>

414
00:28:56,840 --> 00:28:59,480
Dogs are wonderful.
I can leave anyone

415
00:28:59,560 --> 00:29:01,800
a kilometer from where I am

416
00:29:01,880 --> 00:29:06,280
to bring me the sheep
or send them where I want to go.

417
00:29:08,040 --> 00:29:10,680
They are precious.
I couldn't do it without them.

418
00:29:17,480 --> 00:29:21,440
<i>A shepherd who leads about a hundred sheep</i>
<i>from one field to another</i>

419
00:29:21,520 --> 00:29:23,600
<i>you just need a sheepdog.</i>

420
00:29:24,680 --> 00:29:27,840
<i>When you collect a thousand sheep</i>
<i>of a mountain,</i>

421
00:29:27,920 --> 00:29:31,160
<i>the herd is so scattered</i>
<i>that needs more than ten.</i>

422
00:29:33,360 --> 00:29:34,600
When one moves away,

423
00:29:34,680 --> 00:29:38,000
We have a dog that will fetch it
and take it back to the herd.

424
00:29:38,080 --> 00:29:40,640
We let the dog do its work.

425
00:29:45,560 --> 00:29:49,720
<i>It was only in the early afternoon that David</i>
<i>and your team can come together</i>

426
00:29:49,800 --> 00:29:52,080
<i>all the sheep in the pen</i>
<i>to procreate.</i>

427
00:29:53,200 --> 00:29:56,320
The collection we made
it was simply fantastic.

428
00:29:56,400 --> 00:29:59,720
It was the best we ever did
on that hillside this year.

429
00:30:00,240 --> 00:30:01,760
Simply magnificent.

430
00:30:03,480 --> 00:30:05,080
<i>In a few months,</i>

431
00:30:05,160 --> 00:30:08,680
<i>David's flock</i>
<i>will give birth to the next generation.</i>

432
00:30:10,320 --> 00:30:13,480
I love being on the hillside.
It's my favorite work.

433
00:30:13,960 --> 00:30:17,160
Nothing beats being alone
with our dogs.

434
00:30:19,000 --> 00:30:23,680
I don't think I could
do other work.

435
00:30:23,760 --> 00:30:27,400
I would be without a job.
I'll have to keep doing this.

436
00:30:34,880 --> 00:30:38,640
<i>As the wet autumn weather</i>
<i>invades the United Kingdom,</i>

437
00:30:39,080 --> 00:30:41,920
<i>people dream of traveling</i>
<i>for warmer locations.</i>

438
00:30:42,640 --> 00:30:46,040
<i>A cutting-edge engineering workshop</i>
<i>in central England</i>

439
00:30:46,120 --> 00:30:48,480
<i>make those dreams come true.</i>

440
00:30:53,840 --> 00:30:57,960
<i>Historically, the Midlands</i>
<i>they are the industrial center of England.</i>

441
00:30:58,680 --> 00:31:00,760
<i>Birmingham, Coventry</i>

442
00:31:00,840 --> 00:31:04,480
<i>and Derby were key cities</i>
<i>in the Industrial Revolution.</i>

443
00:31:05,560 --> 00:31:06,840
<i>Even today,</i>

444
00:31:06,920 --> 00:31:10,600
<i>the region around Derby</i>
<i>houses some of the most advanced</i>

445
00:31:10,680 --> 00:31:13,720
<i>transport component factories.</i>

446
00:31:16,560 --> 00:31:18,760
<i>This colossal concrete structure</i>

447
00:31:18,840 --> 00:31:21,400
<i>these are the testing facilities</i>
<i>from Rolls Royce.</i>

448
00:31:22,040 --> 00:31:26,360
<i>This is where jet engines</i>
<i>produced on the assembly line</i>

449
00:31:26,440 --> 00:31:28,720
<i>they are certified</i>
<i>as fit for service.</i>

450
00:31:31,000 --> 00:31:33,600
<i>Chris Pattinson is the supervisor.</i>

451
00:31:35,160 --> 00:31:38,440
<i>It's up to you to ensure that our planes</i>
<i>fly safely.</i>

452
00:31:40,160 --> 00:31:42,120
If we didn't test the engines,

453
00:31:42,200 --> 00:31:44,920
we just couldn't go on vacation.

454
00:31:45,840 --> 00:31:48,560
It's a structure that works
24 hours a day,

455
00:31:48,640 --> 00:31:52,760
almost seven days a week
and 365 days a year.

456
00:31:54,520 --> 00:31:57,080
<i>Every jet engine</i>
<i>worth several million pounds</i>

457
00:31:57,160 --> 00:31:59,920
<i>consists of 30 thousand components</i>

458
00:32:00,000 --> 00:32:02,360
<i>but, as our air travel reveals,</i>

459
00:32:02,800 --> 00:32:06,640
<i>the building itself is a marvel</i>
<i>of modern engineering.</i>

460
00:32:08,040 --> 00:32:10,400
<i>A particular room</i>
<i>is vital for security</i>

461
00:32:10,480 --> 00:32:15,240
<i>4 billion passengers</i>
<i>who travel by plane every year.</i>

462
00:32:17,600 --> 00:32:20,280
<i>This is the Rolls Royce test bench.</i>

463
00:32:21,480 --> 00:32:25,000
I remember the first time I came here
and I was amazed at the size.

464
00:32:25,640 --> 00:32:27,880
What do we do here
is absolutely exceptional.

465
00:32:28,560 --> 00:32:30,080
<i>Here, Chris and his team</i>

466
00:32:30,160 --> 00:32:35,680
<i>drive jet engines</i>
<i>50 thousand horsepower at full speed.</i>

467
00:32:36,800 --> 00:32:38,480
<i>They do this with all engines</i>

468
00:32:38,560 --> 00:32:40,400
<i>which the company manufactures in the United Kingdom.</i>

469
00:32:41,240 --> 00:32:44,920
<i>The only way we can understand</i>
<i>how remarkable this room is,</i>

470
00:32:45,880 --> 00:32:49,120
<i>you can see it from the sky above the building.</i>

471
00:32:51,640 --> 00:32:54,560
<i>A huge fan</i>
<i>in the tower to the right of the building</i>

472
00:32:55,080 --> 00:32:58,720
<i>sucks in 1.3 tons of air per second.</i>

473
00:32:59,520 --> 00:33:04,120
<i>Air passes through the engine at almost 1600 km/h,</i>

474
00:33:05,200 --> 00:33:09,400
<i>before being thrown out of the building</i>
<i>by a huge chimney on the left.</i>

475
00:33:11,080 --> 00:33:13,440
<i>The large ventilation system</i>

476
00:33:13,520 --> 00:33:16,040
<i>allows Rolls Royce</i>
<i>test rigorously</i>

477
00:33:16,120 --> 00:33:18,280
<i>every jet engine it makes,</i>

478
00:33:18,360 --> 00:33:21,360
<i>under extreme conditions</i>
<i>what the plane could face</i>

479
00:33:21,440 --> 00:33:23,600
<i>10 thousand meters above sea level.</i>

480
00:33:24,720 --> 00:33:26,960
<i>Without ever having to leave the factory.</i>

481
00:33:29,600 --> 00:33:31,480
<i>The team starts the engine.</i>

482
00:33:32,600 --> 00:33:36,600
<i>Aim to reproduce the effect of flying</i>
<i>under a huge storm,</i>

483
00:33:37,280 --> 00:33:40,920
<i>to see if the engine can handle it</i>
<i>more than 10 liters of water</i>

484
00:33:41,000 --> 00:33:43,000
<i>sprayed every second.</i>

485
00:33:44,200 --> 00:33:46,440
<i>The forces involved are enormous.</i>

486
00:33:46,960 --> 00:33:51,640
<i>Each engine produces more thrust</i>
<i>than 68 Formula 1 cars.</i>

487
00:33:56,160 --> 00:33:57,320
<i>The test is over.</i>

488
00:33:57,760 --> 00:34:00,080
<i>The team carefully inspects the engine</i>

489
00:34:00,160 --> 00:34:03,240
<i>to see how it withstood extreme forces</i>

490
00:34:04,160 --> 00:34:06,360
<i>and passed with flying colors.</i>

491
00:34:07,200 --> 00:34:09,640
The technology we work with
is exceptional.

492
00:34:10,640 --> 00:34:12,480
The facilities are exceptional.

493
00:34:13,600 --> 00:34:15,720
I love it and I don't want to do anything else.

494
00:34:20,080 --> 00:34:22,320
<i>When autumn in the Midlands</i>
<i>fades...</i>

495
00:34:24,400 --> 00:34:27,000
<i>... icy cold</i>
<i>descends over the United Kingdom</i>

496
00:34:27,720 --> 00:34:31,400
<i>and a layer of ice</i>
<i>covers every corner of the nation.</i>

497
00:34:34,680 --> 00:34:38,600
<i>It's December</i>
<i>and winter came to the British Isles.</i>

498
00:34:41,120 --> 00:34:44,480
<i>Icy coastal winds</i>
<i>bring freezing temperatures.</i>

499
00:34:46,920 --> 00:34:49,160
<i>But in the heart of the Cornish countryside,</i>

500
00:34:50,080 --> 00:34:51,920
<i>innovative engineers</i>

501
00:34:52,000 --> 00:34:54,640
<i>found a way to defeat</i>
<i>the boredom of winter,</i>

502
00:34:55,560 --> 00:34:59,520
<i>projecting a tropical climate</i>
<i>all year round.</i>

503
00:35:04,240 --> 00:35:06,680
<i>At the southernmost tip of England,</i>

504
00:35:06,760 --> 00:35:09,840
<i>nestled on the jagged coast of Cornwall</i>

505
00:35:11,200 --> 00:35:13,520
<i>it's the last place you'd expect to see</i>

506
00:35:13,600 --> 00:35:15,720
<i>a tropical paradise.</i>

507
00:35:15,800 --> 00:35:17,360
<i>Mas, ampliando um pouco mais,</i>

508
00:35:17,800 --> 00:35:22,200
<i>uma vista aérea revela um edifício</i>
<i>saído da ficção científica.</i>

509
00:35:26,040 --> 00:35:28,640
<i>Este é o Projeto Éden.</i>

510
00:35:30,400 --> 00:35:33,360
<i>A maior floresta tropical</i>
<i>covering the world.</i>

511
00:35:35,360 --> 00:35:38,040
<i>This incredible engineering masterpiece</i>

512
00:35:38,120 --> 00:35:41,640
<i>é uma série de oito cúpulas</i>
<i>transparentes interligadas,</i>

513
00:35:41,720 --> 00:35:43,840
<i>implantadas na zona rural da Cornualha.</i>

514
00:35:49,960 --> 00:35:51,280
<i>It's seven in the morning</i>

515
00:35:51,360 --> 00:35:54,160
<i>e, para o corajoso jardineiro David Paul,</i>

516
00:35:54,240 --> 00:35:56,440
<i>é hora de começar a trabalhar.</i>

517
00:35:56,520 --> 00:35:59,320
This is the largest rainforest
in captivity of the world.

518
00:35:59,920 --> 00:36:02,480
It's an exciting opportunity
be able to work

519
00:36:02,560 --> 00:36:05,200
with these trees that,
otherwise, it would be impossible.

520
00:36:06,240 --> 00:36:08,960
<i>Designers created the Éden Project</i>

521
00:36:09,040 --> 00:36:10,440
<i>to shelter and celebrate</i>

522
00:36:10,520 --> 00:36:13,680
<i>plant species</i>
<i>from tropical forests around the world.</i>

523
00:36:14,640 --> 00:36:18,120
<i>It's almost the house</i>
<i>two million different plants,</i>

524
00:36:18,200 --> 00:36:21,280
<i>which cover three of the zones</i>
<i>climate of the world.</i>

525
00:36:22,000 --> 00:36:24,640
<i>An irrigation system</i>
<i>specially designed</i>

526
00:36:24,720 --> 00:36:27,480
<i>collects rainwater, which is recycled</i>

527
00:36:27,560 --> 00:36:31,160
<i>to water the plants,</i>
<i>feed the 10 meter waterfall</i>

528
00:36:31,240 --> 00:36:33,320
<i>and contribute to humidity in the dome.</i>

529
00:36:35,440 --> 00:36:37,000
<i>But there is a problem.</i>

530
00:36:38,400 --> 00:36:42,600
<i>Tropical conditions are so good</i>
<i>that the plants inside</i>

531
00:36:42,680 --> 00:36:45,560
<i>they grow so fast</i>
<i>as they would in nature.</i>

532
00:36:46,560 --> 00:36:50,280
<i>If this is not taken into account,</i>
<i>it can be a worrying issue.</i>

533
00:36:50,960 --> 00:36:53,640
The trees could penetrate
the dome itself.

534
00:36:53,720 --> 00:36:57,680
If it opened, the other trees
potentially die.

535
00:37:03,840 --> 00:37:07,200
<i>The Eden Project cup</i>
<i>it's growing so fast</i>

536
00:37:07,280 --> 00:37:10,000
<i>which is about to break</i>
<i>the greenhouse cover.</i>

537
00:37:11,040 --> 00:37:12,640
<i>If that happened,</i>

538
00:37:12,720 --> 00:37:16,440
<i>all protected species in this</i>habitat
<i>would be at risk.</i>

539
00:37:18,520 --> 00:37:21,680
<i>Today, David and the rest of the team</i>
<i>they only have three hours</i>

540
00:37:21,760 --> 00:37:23,240
<i>to trim the branches</i>

541
00:37:23,320 --> 00:37:25,360
<i>before the visitors start arriving.</i>

542
00:37:27,240 --> 00:37:30,240
<i>The elements climb by rope</i>
<i>to the top of the structure.</i>

543
00:37:32,160 --> 00:37:35,680
<i>It is the geodesic design of the dome</i>
<i>who holds the secret</i>

544
00:37:35,760 --> 00:37:38,400
<i>the phenomenal success of the Eden Project.</i>

545
00:37:41,440 --> 00:37:45,640
<i>More than 800 different plastic sheets</i>
<i>make up the structure.</i>

546
00:37:46,880 --> 00:37:50,200
<i>An ultra-light steel structure</i>
<i>keep them together,</i>

547
00:37:51,040 --> 00:37:53,880
<i>creating the domes</i>
<i>perfectly rounded.</i>

548
00:37:56,920 --> 00:37:59,080
<i>The roof surrounded by giant bubbles</i>

549
00:37:59,160 --> 00:38:01,120
<i>let in as much light as possible...</i>

550
00:38:03,760 --> 00:38:05,760
<i>... thus isolating the tropical forest</i>

551
00:38:06,520 --> 00:38:10,760
<i>with temperatures between 18 and 38 degrees</i>
<i>all year round.</i>

552
00:38:12,640 --> 00:38:15,600
<i>Working under these temperatures</i>
<i>requires some technique.</i>

553
00:38:16,960 --> 00:38:19,320
<i>Especially when operating a chainsaw.</i>

554
00:38:22,440 --> 00:38:24,680
It's a challenge to work in this heat.

555
00:38:25,120 --> 00:38:28,120
The metal heats up so much
that we can boil an egg.

556
00:38:30,320 --> 00:38:32,360
He is well! Go down!

557
00:38:35,240 --> 00:38:39,440
<i>The ropes team trims the branches</i>
<i>and descends to ground level.</i>

558
00:38:40,320 --> 00:38:41,960
<i>It's a job well done.</i>

559
00:38:45,520 --> 00:38:49,200
<i>More than a million people</i>
<i>visit the Éden Project every year</i>

560
00:38:49,280 --> 00:38:51,840
<i>to enjoy</i>
<i>with botanical wonders,</i>

561
00:38:51,920 --> 00:38:55,160
<i>as well as with the incredible structure</i>
<i>who welcomes them.</i>

562
00:39:00,920 --> 00:39:03,480
<i>At the opposite end of the UK,</i>

563
00:39:04,000 --> 00:39:07,400
<i>January weather</i>
<i>paints Scotland white with snow.</i>

564
00:39:09,160 --> 00:39:10,760
<i>In the east of the country,</i>

565
00:39:10,840 --> 00:39:14,200
<i>Scottish engineers</i>
<i>used the natural landscape</i>

566
00:39:14,280 --> 00:39:16,240
<i>to create a surprising home</i>

567
00:39:16,720 --> 00:39:19,120
<i>to some of the biggest</i>
<i>planet machines.</i>

568
00:39:23,120 --> 00:39:24,920
<i>The east coast of Scotland</i>

569
00:39:25,000 --> 00:39:28,680
<i>it is a land of narrow coves</i>
<i>known as Firths.</i>

570
00:39:30,080 --> 00:39:32,640
<i>The glaciers carved it</i>
<i>these deep bays</i>

571
00:39:32,720 --> 00:39:34,320
<i>during the last ice age.</i>

572
00:39:37,560 --> 00:39:40,040
<i>Just 30km north of Inverness,</i>

573
00:39:40,680 --> 00:39:42,200
<i>Cromarty Firth remains.</i>

574
00:39:45,040 --> 00:39:48,680
<i>It appears to be full</i>
<i>de estruturas industriais estranhas.</i>

575
00:39:50,640 --> 00:39:51,640
<i>What are they?</i>

576
00:39:53,680 --> 00:39:56,640
<i>A closer look</i>
<i>reveals the surprising truth.</i>

577
00:39:57,760 --> 00:40:02,080
<i>It's a huge repair yard</i>
<i>from oil platforms.</i>

578
00:40:03,880 --> 00:40:07,240
<i>The North Sea has more than 600</i>

579
00:40:08,160 --> 00:40:10,200
<i>but when they need repairs,</i>

580
00:40:10,280 --> 00:40:13,320
<i>they are towed here,</i>
<i>to Firth Shelter.</i>

581
00:40:15,920 --> 00:40:18,720
<i>Calum Slater is responsible for the port.</i>

582
00:40:20,240 --> 00:40:22,960
<i>It is responsible for ensuring that platforms</i>

583
00:40:23,040 --> 00:40:25,800
<i>are transported</i>
<i>along the Cromarty Firth</i>

584
00:40:25,880 --> 00:40:30,040
<i>for the companies that await them,</i>
<i>without running aground on rocks.</i>

585
00:40:31,120 --> 00:40:32,520
In our work,

586
00:40:32,600 --> 00:40:35,520
we take responsibility
along this route.

587
00:40:35,600 --> 00:40:38,320
We make sure everything goes smoothly
according to the plan.

588
00:40:41,840 --> 00:40:45,760
<i>Today, Calum's task is to move</i>
<i>a huge oil platform</i>

589
00:40:45,840 --> 00:40:48,280
<i>from the Firth entrance to the dock.</i>

590
00:40:50,560 --> 00:40:54,440
<i>The colossal machine has a value</i>
<i>which is around £40 million.</i>

591
00:40:56,480 --> 00:40:59,240
<i>To tow the huge platform</i>
<i>to the port,</i>

592
00:40:59,880 --> 00:41:02,200
<i>Calum doesn't just use a giant tugboat,</i>

593
00:41:02,920 --> 00:41:04,200
<i>uses two.</i>

594
00:41:06,320 --> 00:41:09,080
<i>The platforms float</i>
<i>thanks to giant blocks</i>

595
00:41:09,160 --> 00:41:10,680
<i>called pontoons,</i>

596
00:41:11,200 --> 00:41:14,080
<i>which are just below</i>
<i>from the surface of the water.</i>

597
00:41:16,600 --> 00:41:18,320
<i>But when transported,</i>

598
00:41:18,400 --> 00:41:21,240
<i>these same pontoons drag in the water,</i>

599
00:41:21,320 --> 00:41:23,400
<i>making platforms less stable.</i>

600
00:41:24,600 --> 00:41:27,400
<i>As a ship</i>
<i>pulls the platform forward,</i>

601
00:41:28,040 --> 00:41:32,800
<i>the other pulls in the opposite direction</i>
<i>to help keep it upright.</i>

602
00:41:34,200 --> 00:41:38,520
<i>Each tug has an engine</i>
<i>with 28 thousand horsepower</i>

603
00:41:39,200 --> 00:41:42,000
<i>and it's almost as long</i>
<i>like the Statue of Liberty.</i>

604
00:41:46,280 --> 00:41:48,480
Platform changes can lead

605
00:41:48,560 --> 00:41:52,240
between eight and 7 pm.

606
00:41:53,800 --> 00:41:56,880
<i>Progress is painfully slow.</i>

607
00:41:57,680 --> 00:41:59,840
<i>The platform barely appears to move.</i>

608
00:42:01,640 --> 00:42:05,720
<i>But for the next hour,</i>
<i>the platform advances nine kilometers</i>

609
00:42:05,800 --> 00:42:07,600
<i>to reach your final destination,</i>

610
00:42:08,720 --> 00:42:11,680
<i>the dock at Invergordon Harbor.</i>

611
00:42:17,040 --> 00:42:21,360
<i>The platform is 90 meters long</i>
<i>and 76 wide.</i>

612
00:42:23,480 --> 00:42:25,880
<i>But it needs to fit in this space,</i>

613
00:42:26,520 --> 00:42:28,920
<i>less than 150 meters diagonally.</i>

614
00:42:31,360 --> 00:42:34,720
<i>The space is very narrow</i>
<i>for the colossal tugs</i>

615
00:42:34,800 --> 00:42:36,920
<i>who brought the platform to the Firth.</i>

616
00:42:38,760 --> 00:42:41,920
<i>That's where tugboats</i>
<i>smaller and maneuverable</i>

617
00:42:42,000 --> 00:42:43,240
<i>take control.</i>

618
00:42:49,200 --> 00:42:50,680
<i>Meter by meter,</i>

619
00:42:50,760 --> 00:42:54,960
<i>boats tow the platform</i>
<i>carefully to the dock.</i>

620
00:42:59,200 --> 00:43:03,760
<i>Align it with the side of the pier,</i>
<i>so the platform is parallel.</i>

621
00:43:09,240 --> 00:43:10,240
<i>It's getting dark</i>

622
00:43:10,800 --> 00:43:13,800
<i>and the team did it</i>
<i>place the platform on the dock.</i>

623
00:43:14,600 --> 00:43:18,960
<i>The crew on board arrives home</i>
<i>in time for a well-deserved rest.</i>

624
00:43:19,480 --> 00:43:23,160
In the end, we were satisfied
for everything going well.

625
00:43:24,200 --> 00:43:26,120
<i>The port's engineering companies</i>

626
00:43:26,200 --> 00:43:29,920
<i>the next few months will pass</i>
<i>working on the platform.</i>

627
00:43:30,480 --> 00:43:31,760
<i>When they are finished,</i>

628
00:43:31,840 --> 00:43:35,800
<i>this colossal machine</i>
<i>will return to the North Sea</i>

629
00:43:35,880 --> 00:43:38,600
<i>looking for more black gold.</i>

630
00:43:42,360 --> 00:43:45,280
<i>The United Kingdom is an island nation</i>

631
00:43:45,360 --> 00:43:48,000
<i>with a thirst for engineering innovation</i>

632
00:43:49,240 --> 00:43:52,160
<i>which left a permanent mark</i>
<i>on the global panorama.</i>

633
00:43:53,480 --> 00:43:57,560
<i>It has a rich cultural history</i>
<i>which covers different regions.</i>

634
00:43:59,200 --> 00:44:03,000
<i>They all maintain an individuality</i>
<i>very own,</i>

635
00:44:03,720 --> 00:44:05,560
<i>but together they form one...</i>

636
00:44:06,040 --> 00:44:07,480
<i>... United Kingdom.</i>

637
00:44:07,560 --> 00:44:08,680
Subtitles: Sónia Coelho