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00:00:10,885 --> 00:00:14,639
125 million years ago…

2
00:00:16,891 --> 00:00:20,186
winter devastates the entire north.

3
00:00:26,609 --> 00:00:30,864
Entire species
are on the verge of extinction.

4
00:00:40,582 --> 00:00:46,254
Not even the biggest dinosaurs
withstand this intense cold.

5
00:00:53,011 --> 00:00:56,973
Like these sauropods migrating south.

6
00:01:05,231 --> 00:01:07,358
Winter came early this year

7
00:01:08,109 --> 00:01:10,111
and took them by surprise.

8
00:01:20,497 --> 00:01:23,208
With hundreds of kilometers to go,

9
00:01:23,875 --> 00:01:29,005
this time, the journey will be
particularly complicated.

10
00:01:33,885 --> 00:01:40,433
But the intense cold
is not the only danger in this icy land.

11
00:01:42,310 --> 00:01:44,604
There is a much greater threat

12
00:01:45,230 --> 00:01:47,816
here in these forests.

13
00:02:04,249 --> 00:02:05,917
Yutyrannus,

14
00:02:07,544 --> 00:02:09,087
the Snow King.

15
00:02:13,967 --> 00:02:17,512
A distant relative of Tyrannosaurus rex.

16
00:02:20,265 --> 00:02:23,685
With a dense layer of feathers
that keeps you warm,

17
00:02:24,394 --> 00:02:28,481
he is perfectly adapted
to life in this cold.

18
00:02:36,698 --> 00:02:41,202
But feathers also serve
for a more perverse purpose.

19
00:02:47,000 --> 00:02:48,543
Camouflage.

20
00:02:49,711 --> 00:02:53,631
The perfect weapon for a hunter
ambush specialist.

21
00:03:16,821 --> 00:03:19,073
With silent precision,

22
00:03:19,699 --> 00:03:22,994
he chooses the smallest member of the herd.

23
00:03:53,233 --> 00:03:56,778
In a wild world
constantly changing,

24
00:03:57,528 --> 00:03:59,572
some will prosper,

25
00:04:00,823 --> 00:04:02,492
and others will succumb.

26
00:04:07,038 --> 00:04:08,665
But despite everything,

27
00:04:09,290 --> 00:04:12,919
dinosaurs will expand
the empire itself

28
00:04:13,461 --> 00:04:16,130
and move forward without stopping

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00:04:17,131 --> 00:04:21,010
to conquer
the last frontiers of Earth.

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00:05:17,775 --> 00:05:22,113
THE DINOSAURS

31
00:05:26,743 --> 00:05:33,708
CHAPTER 3: EMPIRE

32
00:05:41,966 --> 00:05:44,552
125 MILLION YEARS AGO

33
00:05:44,635 --> 00:05:47,305
CRETACEOUS PERIOD

34
00:05:47,388 --> 00:05:51,267
It's a new era for life on Earth.

35
00:05:53,061 --> 00:05:55,313
An era of extremes.

36
00:05:56,647 --> 00:05:58,900
New worlds are forming,

37
00:05:59,400 --> 00:06:04,822
that will give rise
to the most famous dinosaurs in history.

38
00:06:11,245 --> 00:06:14,749
The north is still dominated by the cold,

39
00:06:16,501 --> 00:06:18,544
but not for long.

40
00:06:24,217 --> 00:06:29,514
The most violent forces on Earth
they wake up again.

41
00:06:33,059 --> 00:06:35,853
Volcanoes boil and release smoke…

42
00:06:39,607 --> 00:06:41,317
warming the planet.

43
00:06:53,329 --> 00:06:57,959
But this warmer world
will harm some species.

44
00:07:46,215 --> 00:07:49,510
As global temperatures rise…

45
00:07:52,054 --> 00:07:56,017
the snow and ice are practically disappearing.

46
00:08:00,897 --> 00:08:05,526
Huge rivers of meltwater carve the ground.

47
00:08:11,699 --> 00:08:13,868
This northern thaw

48
00:08:14,368 --> 00:08:19,332
is expanding further
the dinosaur empire.

49
00:08:21,209 --> 00:08:24,045
And in surprising ways.

50
00:08:31,385 --> 00:08:38,059
In this new fertile land,
sauropods no longer need to migrate.

51
00:08:40,394 --> 00:08:46,108
But it's also a new world
to an ancient rival of the dinosaurs.

52
00:08:48,986 --> 00:08:50,696
The pterosaurs.

53
00:08:52,573 --> 00:08:57,828
Now they are bigger
and fiercer than ever.

54
00:09:01,624 --> 00:09:04,001
Including Guidraco,

55
00:09:04,794 --> 00:09:06,671
the Ghost Dragon.

56
00:09:13,970 --> 00:09:16,305
But he is an intruder here.

57
00:09:22,436 --> 00:09:27,650
Because these trees
are home to Longipteryx,

58
00:09:28,609 --> 00:09:30,695
a new type of dinosaur.

59
00:09:32,697 --> 00:09:35,324
Less than 20cm tall,

60
00:09:35,992 --> 00:09:38,411
they are extremely territorial.

61
00:09:38,953 --> 00:09:42,790
Mainly during the breeding season.

62
00:09:56,846 --> 00:10:01,767
They are also ready
to face the pterosaurs.

63
00:10:04,020 --> 00:10:07,607
Now they can fly too.

64
00:10:16,949 --> 00:10:18,826
In an earlier era,

65
00:10:18,909 --> 00:10:23,623
flying dinosaurs like Anchiornis
they could only glide.

66
00:10:26,334 --> 00:10:28,961
Now they can flap their wings

67
00:10:29,045 --> 00:10:33,382
and move with precision
to attack enemies.

68
00:10:43,934 --> 00:10:44,935
They are fast

69
00:10:46,103 --> 00:10:47,521
and fearless.

70
00:10:58,866 --> 00:11:02,912
The situation only gets worse
for the tired pterosaur,

71
00:11:04,205 --> 00:11:08,542
why Longipteryx are distant cousins

72
00:11:08,626 --> 00:11:11,253
of Yutyrannus, the Snow King.

73
00:11:13,297 --> 00:11:18,844
They are armed
with the teeth and claws of the bloodline.

74
00:11:29,397 --> 00:11:32,566
After dominating the skies
since the Triassic Period,

75
00:11:34,026 --> 00:11:38,531
pterosaurs now face
competition from dinosaurs.

76
00:11:46,706 --> 00:11:51,961
But while the dinosaurs fight
to expand the empire into the air,

77
00:11:53,838 --> 00:11:58,300
an even greater revolution is coming.

78
00:12:07,435 --> 00:12:09,228
Not in the mountains

79
00:12:09,895 --> 00:12:11,522
nor in the heavens,

80
00:12:12,273 --> 00:12:13,983
nor in the oceans.

81
00:12:15,067 --> 00:12:20,865
The greatest turnaround in the history of Earth
it happens silently.

82
00:12:21,532 --> 00:12:23,701
Almost in secret.

83
00:12:27,747 --> 00:12:30,082
Seven million years later,

84
00:12:31,792 --> 00:12:37,256
This new force is rewriting,
little by little, the history of dinosaurs.

85
00:12:37,339 --> 00:12:40,718
113 MILLION YEARS AGO

86
00:12:50,603 --> 00:12:55,649
This is one of the first flowers
ever seen in this forest.

87
00:12:57,151 --> 00:12:58,611
Just one,

88
00:12:59,653 --> 00:13:04,867
among a vast and diverse
new generation of plants.

89
00:13:07,953 --> 00:13:10,331
And they will become a phenomenon

90
00:13:11,749 --> 00:13:14,210
with the help of great allies.

91
00:13:21,675 --> 00:13:22,676
The beetles.

92
00:13:24,512 --> 00:13:27,765
They take the pollen
from one flower to the next.

93
00:13:36,065 --> 00:13:39,318
The delivery service
nature's most reliable...

94
00:13:45,407 --> 00:13:50,830
helping these new plants
spreading across the planet…

95
00:13:56,794 --> 00:14:00,130
transforming the dinosaur empire.

96
00:14:12,852 --> 00:14:18,524
But this new generation of plants
has a dark side.

97
00:14:26,198 --> 00:14:29,118
As long as they need
attract pollinators,

98
00:14:29,618 --> 00:14:33,789
many evolved to ward off herbivores.

99
00:14:38,627 --> 00:14:40,170
With thorns,

100
00:14:40,754 --> 00:14:42,298
sharp edges

101
00:14:42,381 --> 00:14:43,716
and poisons.

102
00:14:50,681 --> 00:14:53,183
Nature's defensive weapons.

103
00:14:59,064 --> 00:15:03,903
This green revolution changes everything

104
00:15:03,986 --> 00:15:06,530
for herbivorous dinosaurs.

105
00:15:08,532 --> 00:15:09,783
Including…

106
00:15:10,784 --> 00:15:12,828
the large stegosaurs.

107
00:15:21,837 --> 00:15:24,298
They are herd animals by nature.

108
00:15:26,133 --> 00:15:32,848
But this young female stegosaurus,
At just 2 years old, she is alone.

109
00:15:39,730 --> 00:15:42,358
She is the last of her own herd.

110
00:15:55,162 --> 00:16:00,209
To eat these tougher plants,
It takes a mouth capable of chewing

111
00:16:00,292 --> 00:16:03,545
in a way that her primitive jaw
can't.

112
00:16:12,221 --> 00:16:13,764
She is starving.

113
00:16:27,653 --> 00:16:33,993
These great herbivores of the past
cannot adapt to the new world.

114
00:16:41,583 --> 00:16:42,584
It's one of the reasons

115
00:16:42,668 --> 00:16:45,796
why their existence
50 million years old

116
00:16:45,879 --> 00:16:47,589
will come to an end.

117
00:16:49,800 --> 00:16:51,385
Extinction.

118
00:16:59,560 --> 00:17:02,980
But, after the end of the stegosaurs,

119
00:17:04,064 --> 00:17:06,942
a new era will emerge.

120
00:17:09,611 --> 00:17:11,113
113 MILLION YEARS AGO

121
00:17:12,239 --> 00:17:14,992
Over the next 15 million years,

122
00:17:15,617 --> 00:17:20,122
these new plants evolve
and diversify,

123
00:17:21,248 --> 00:17:23,500
spreading across the planet

124
00:17:24,126 --> 00:17:28,380
and moving further and further
in the dinosaur empire.

125
00:17:35,095 --> 00:17:36,680
98 MILLION YEARS AGO

126
00:17:36,764 --> 00:17:40,851
The green revolution now covers the world.

127
00:17:42,978 --> 00:17:44,855
And not just the earth,

128
00:17:46,106 --> 00:17:47,983
but also water.

129
00:17:53,822 --> 00:17:55,657
Coming to offer shelter

130
00:17:56,950 --> 00:17:58,410
and food

131
00:17:59,328 --> 00:18:01,830
for underwater explorers.

132
00:18:05,959 --> 00:18:08,504
Like ankylosaurs.

133
00:18:27,940 --> 00:18:33,195
This elegant bather
It's a different kind of dinosaur.

134
00:18:39,701 --> 00:18:43,580
It is herbivorous, like Stegosaurus.

135
00:18:44,832 --> 00:18:46,625
But much more sophisticated.

136
00:18:47,209 --> 00:18:48,669
Very much so.

137
00:18:55,300 --> 00:18:57,928
Because, unlike Stegosaurus,

138
00:18:58,720 --> 00:19:04,434
his advanced jaw crunches
food in a way that makes it easier

139
00:19:04,518 --> 00:19:07,479
the consumption of any type of plant.

140
00:19:09,898 --> 00:19:14,778
It's the perfect fit
to this diverse new world.

141
00:19:22,953 --> 00:19:28,375
He wants to make the most of it
everything this great kingdom offers.

142
00:19:30,502 --> 00:19:32,254
And he still has a plan.

143
00:19:41,597 --> 00:19:43,390
It's a long journey.

144
00:19:46,977 --> 00:19:50,272
But the trip is worth it.

145
00:20:07,789 --> 00:20:12,377
Here is the only place
where he can be himself.

146
00:20:23,555 --> 00:20:26,516
His passion is singing.

147
00:20:33,857 --> 00:20:39,363
He even has cavities in his snout.
that amplify the singing…

148
00:20:44,409 --> 00:20:48,622
so that it can be heard from afar.

149
00:21:32,165 --> 00:21:36,003
A female responded to his call.

150
00:21:37,587 --> 00:21:43,343
It's time to enchant her
with a deep and engaging song.

151
00:21:50,058 --> 00:21:54,771
Then he shows her
the stylish armor.

152
00:22:05,365 --> 00:22:06,700
All of this

153
00:22:07,326 --> 00:22:09,369
It's very convincing.

154
00:22:28,180 --> 00:22:32,976
But these stylish armors
also have disadvantages.

155
00:22:36,188 --> 00:22:37,898
Overall, however,

156
00:22:37,981 --> 00:22:44,196
the heavy armor and the evolved jaw
prepare them for success.

157
00:22:51,370 --> 00:22:54,873
However, what no dinosaur
could know

158
00:22:54,956 --> 00:22:59,544
is that their empire
has been gradually decreasing.

159
00:23:04,883 --> 00:23:07,094
Hidden beneath the waves,

160
00:23:08,929 --> 00:23:12,933
this world,
previously dominated by dinosaurs…

161
00:23:16,269 --> 00:23:19,439
now it's completely
out of their reach.

162
00:23:26,154 --> 00:23:28,115
And there’s a reason for that…

163
00:23:32,619 --> 00:23:35,163
right at the bottom of the ocean.

164
00:23:37,916 --> 00:23:41,044
A slow and imperceptible change…

165
00:23:43,255 --> 00:23:45,257
that is reshaping the planet.

166
00:23:52,556 --> 00:23:55,642
The seabed is breaking up

167
00:23:57,144 --> 00:24:00,814
with an endless succession of eruptions.

168
00:24:25,422 --> 00:24:29,134
Earth's tectonic plates move,

169
00:24:30,552 --> 00:24:33,346
cracking the ocean floor,

170
00:24:34,389 --> 00:24:38,310
raising it over millions of years.

171
00:24:42,522 --> 00:24:45,859
The sea water has nowhere to go,

172
00:24:46,485 --> 00:24:47,736
it can only go up.

173
00:24:50,238 --> 00:24:52,407
In the middle of the Cretaceous Period,

174
00:24:52,491 --> 00:24:56,244
sea level has reached
the highest point in history.

175
00:24:57,704 --> 00:25:02,918
More than 200m higher than it is today.

176
00:25:19,059 --> 00:25:23,355
The level of the oceans rises,
and they redraw the world map,

177
00:25:24,523 --> 00:25:27,234
erasing entire lands.

178
00:25:30,820 --> 00:25:35,951
The European continent
reduces to a huge archipelago,

179
00:25:37,244 --> 00:25:40,956
which includes Hațeg Island.

180
00:25:46,169 --> 00:25:50,090
Where isolation and evolution
created a species

181
00:25:50,674 --> 00:25:53,718
from Never Land to dinosaurs.

182
00:25:55,595 --> 00:25:59,933
A world where normal rules
do not apply.

183
00:26:05,480 --> 00:26:09,234
This is the home of the Magyarosaurus,

184
00:26:11,194 --> 00:26:12,904
a sauropod.

185
00:26:15,323 --> 00:26:18,034
And, like other sauropods,

186
00:26:18,535 --> 00:26:23,623
he has a long neck
to reach the tallest vegetation.

187
00:26:33,883 --> 00:26:35,260
The detail

188
00:26:36,177 --> 00:26:40,515
This vegetation is only 2m tall.

189
00:26:42,058 --> 00:26:47,188
This makes Magyarosaurus
be the size of a pony.

190
00:27:03,121 --> 00:27:04,706
On Hațeg Island,

191
00:27:04,789 --> 00:27:07,876
where space and food are limited,

192
00:27:08,418 --> 00:27:11,504
sometimes being smaller is better.

193
00:27:28,229 --> 00:27:31,191
But, unlike Magyarosaurus,

194
00:27:31,775 --> 00:27:36,488
for predators,
being bigger is even better.

195
00:27:50,085 --> 00:27:52,003
As tall as a giraffe,

196
00:27:53,254 --> 00:27:56,841
one of the largest pterosaurs
that ever existed.

197
00:28:01,096 --> 00:28:02,430
The nightmare:

198
00:28:03,682 --> 00:28:05,475
Hatzegopteryx.

199
00:28:10,647 --> 00:28:14,401
This female flew to this island
to feed

200
00:28:15,527 --> 00:28:17,487
of dinosaurs.

201
00:28:25,787 --> 00:28:28,957
Youngest member of the herd
separates himself from others.

202
00:28:36,840 --> 00:28:38,633
But he won't be easy prey.

203
00:28:41,845 --> 00:28:46,266
Unlike its giant cousins, it is agile.

204
00:29:12,584 --> 00:29:16,796
But because it's so small,
he cannot see others.

205
00:29:24,554 --> 00:29:26,931
They found a safe hiding place,

206
00:29:27,640 --> 00:29:29,559
perfect for their size.

207
00:31:12,662 --> 00:31:16,708
For small dinosaurs
trapped on an island,

208
00:31:17,750 --> 00:31:19,669
there is nowhere to run.

209
00:31:32,140 --> 00:31:35,351
But, in a world so divided by seas,

210
00:31:36,269 --> 00:31:40,940
evolution follows different paths
in each place.

211
00:31:49,616 --> 00:31:52,327
96 million years ago,

212
00:31:53,953 --> 00:31:57,624
sea levels
were close to their historic peak.

213
00:32:06,507 --> 00:32:11,763
Creating an aquatic world
where no dinosaur dared enter.

214
00:32:20,188 --> 00:32:22,148
But that's about to change.

215
00:32:35,912 --> 00:32:38,665
Hidden in this mangrove forest,

216
00:32:39,666 --> 00:32:42,919
there is a carnivore
that evolved differently

217
00:32:43,628 --> 00:32:46,381
to conquer the final frontier.

218
00:32:57,809 --> 00:33:00,436
A pioneering dinosaur.

219
00:33:12,323 --> 00:33:14,409
The spinosaurs.

220
00:33:20,498 --> 00:33:23,960
The biggest predators
who have already walked the Earth.

221
00:33:30,425 --> 00:33:32,427
15m long,

222
00:33:33,094 --> 00:33:35,763
This female is bigger
than a school bus.

223
00:33:42,395 --> 00:33:45,231
The forest offers many prey.

224
00:33:49,193 --> 00:33:52,321
But another reason
why she got so big

225
00:33:53,322 --> 00:33:58,161
It's because of where she goes
to escape the darkness of the swamp.

226
00:34:14,427 --> 00:34:18,639
Here, the high sea level
transformed the oceans

227
00:34:18,723 --> 00:34:22,185
in a new hunting ground
for dinosaurs.

228
00:34:24,270 --> 00:34:28,357
Where being bigger is, without a doubt, better.

229
00:34:53,716 --> 00:34:59,055
Spinosaurus adapted to a planet
which today is dominated by the seas.

230
00:35:01,849 --> 00:35:05,728
And in this era, some of the biggest prey

231
00:35:05,812 --> 00:35:07,605
are here in the waters.

232
00:35:23,246 --> 00:35:24,497
Sharks.

233
00:35:30,253 --> 00:35:36,050
In a race between a shark
and a giant swimming dinosaur,

234
00:35:36,134 --> 00:35:38,678
the shark always wins.

235
00:35:42,807 --> 00:35:47,270
But spinosaurs have
skills that go beyond.

236
00:35:53,568 --> 00:35:56,612
The dinosaurs
they're not just getting bigger.

237
00:35:58,072 --> 00:36:00,408
Some also got smart.

238
00:36:01,742 --> 00:36:06,122
This female will attract the sharks to her.

239
00:36:16,465 --> 00:36:21,637
Her snout has sensors
that detect the slightest movements.

240
00:36:26,559 --> 00:36:29,687
Now all she needs to do

241
00:36:30,980 --> 00:36:33,316
is to remain completely still.

242
00:36:49,165 --> 00:36:50,708
The best hunters

243
00:36:51,417 --> 00:36:53,252
They are the most patient.

244
00:36:55,630 --> 00:36:59,634
And her patience begins to pay off.

245
00:37:07,058 --> 00:37:10,603
The blood in the water
attracts the sharks closer and closer.

246
00:37:54,563 --> 00:37:55,773
She doesn't move.

247
00:38:00,736 --> 00:38:04,156
She knows how this game works.

248
00:38:23,718 --> 00:38:25,761
Intelligence and strength.

249
00:38:27,888 --> 00:38:29,765
A lethal combination

250
00:38:31,100 --> 00:38:37,231
which finally allows the dinosaurs
conquer the oceans.

251
00:38:46,073 --> 00:38:49,160
Their domain is now global

252
00:38:51,120 --> 00:38:55,041
and extends to the ends of the Earth…

253
00:38:58,336 --> 00:39:01,964
where Antarctica will one day be.

254
00:39:12,308 --> 00:39:16,812
While spinosaurs
hunt in the shallow seas of the tropics,

255
00:39:18,147 --> 00:39:21,150
the southernmost landmass in the world

256
00:39:22,151 --> 00:39:25,529
It's not the frozen desert
that we know today.

257
00:39:27,365 --> 00:39:30,785
It is a green and lush Eden.

258
00:39:36,248 --> 00:39:41,087
Where, even in the darkness,
evolution lights the way.

259
00:39:51,972 --> 00:39:54,433
And, thriving in the darkness,

260
00:39:56,018 --> 00:39:57,978
There are dinosaurs.

261
00:40:09,949 --> 00:40:12,618
At this stage at the end of the Cretaceous Period,

262
00:40:13,411 --> 00:40:16,038
their empire is so vast

263
00:40:16,789 --> 00:40:20,626
who now dominate
all continents on Earth.

264
00:40:29,218 --> 00:40:30,344
Even so,

265
00:40:32,138 --> 00:40:35,015
although the reign is global

266
00:40:35,683 --> 00:40:39,895
and the dominance is almost unchallenged,

267
00:40:41,522 --> 00:40:42,982
their story

268
00:40:44,400 --> 00:40:46,610
will take a dark turn.

269
00:42:41,392 --> 00:42:46,397
Subtitles: Matheus Maggi