1 00:00:02,870 --> 00:00:04,080 ...the picture in your mind 2 00:00:04,104 --> 00:00:08,241 The creatures we study ...to reveal how life works 3 00:00:09,109 --> 00:00:11,111 What do you see? 4 00:00:11,144 --> 00:00:14,614 Fruit flies, what are the genes? Its own genetics? 5 00:00:14,648 --> 00:00:16,216 ...the chimpanzee that teaches us... 6 00:00:16,250 --> 00:00:19,019 Origins of intelligence? 7 00:00:19,052 --> 00:00:24,691 What about the "rats", who help us In understanding human diseases? 8 00:00:24,725 --> 00:00:26,360 ..whatever you imagine, 9 00:00:26,393 --> 00:00:30,530 They're probably not lizards ...in a suburban backyard 10 00:00:30,564 --> 00:00:33,934 But researchers are studying a group ...especially one of the lizards 11 00:00:33,967 --> 00:00:35,101 ..to discover the answers 12 00:00:35,135 --> 00:00:38,905 For great questions about ...life on Earth 13 00:00:38,939 --> 00:00:44,111 ♪ 14 00:00:44,144 --> 00:00:47,714 How animals adapt With different environments? 15 00:00:47,748 --> 00:00:52,219 How can so many coexist? Of species in one place? 16 00:00:52,252 --> 00:00:56,656 How fast can it be? That development occurs? 17 00:00:56,690 --> 00:00:58,101 When I have .. Scientists have big questions 18 00:00:58,125 --> 00:00:59,860 ...about the world around us, 19 00:00:59,893 --> 00:01:01,604 Of time and time again ..during the last century, 20 00:01:01,628 --> 00:01:05,232 They turned into anoles ..to answer these questions 21 00:01:05,265 --> 00:01:07,334 My name is Neil Lucien 22 00:01:07,367 --> 00:01:10,604 My name is Nate Mabin 23 00:01:10,637 --> 00:01:15,175 Neil and I are biologists And wildlife filmmakers 24 00:01:15,208 --> 00:01:17,077 We are on a year-long journey, 25 00:01:17,110 --> 00:01:20,680 Travel from distant forests And small islands 26 00:01:20,714 --> 00:01:23,984 To high laboratories Technology and big cities, 27 00:01:24,017 --> 00:01:28,822 All this in pursuit of these lizards That defies our expectations 28 00:01:30,824 --> 00:01:33,960 As they fight their rivals, fleeing predators, 29 00:01:33,994 --> 00:01:36,897 And survive In hostile environments, 30 00:01:36,930 --> 00:01:39,533 These appear to be lizards The little girl faces every challenge 31 00:01:39,566 --> 00:01:43,537 With brilliant adaptation 32 00:01:43,570 --> 00:01:47,174 In the process, they understand how to reveal About how simple the rules are, 33 00:01:47,207 --> 00:01:50,310 What we don't call "lizard laws," 34 00:01:50,344 --> 00:01:53,380 It can explain the complexity of nature 35 00:01:53,413 --> 00:01:54,614 Yes yes yes yes yes! 36 00:01:55,649 --> 00:01:56,649 You got it! 37 00:01:57,784 --> 00:02:00,063 One of the anoles Rarest in the world 38 00:02:00,087 --> 00:02:03,257 Come with us and find out how These lizards evolved 39 00:02:03,290 --> 00:02:07,127 We change the way we think In life on earth 40 00:02:07,160 --> 00:02:15,160 ♪ 41 00:02:16,169 --> 00:02:20,674 Every biologist For lizards remember him first, 42 00:02:20,707 --> 00:02:24,811 This is the first lizard they have ever studied 43 00:02:24,845 --> 00:02:26,723 The lizard that took over Innocence Nate 44 00:02:26,747 --> 00:02:32,486 It was an exotic species from Costa Rica It is called a river anole 45 00:02:32,519 --> 00:02:35,789 Nate and I got a degree PhD in the study of lizards 46 00:02:35,822 --> 00:02:37,290 Over the past ten years, 47 00:02:37,324 --> 00:02:38,892 We have become collaborators, 48 00:02:38,925 --> 00:02:43,263 Business partners and best friends 49 00:02:43,296 --> 00:02:44,564 Through it all, 50 00:02:44,598 --> 00:02:48,769 Nate wouldn't shut up about... That's the river anole, 51 00:02:48,802 --> 00:02:51,738 So we start our journey In the old land of Nate 52 00:02:51,772 --> 00:02:54,074 In the mountains of Costa Rica 53 00:02:54,107 --> 00:02:56,476 To find the lizard that It was interesting, 54 00:02:56,510 --> 00:02:59,947 Nate was convinced to become a biologist 55 00:02:59,980 --> 00:03:07,154 ♪ 56 00:03:07,187 --> 00:03:10,190 If you have the chance To see river anoles, 57 00:03:10,223 --> 00:03:11,391 The first thing you will do 58 00:03:11,425 --> 00:03:13,436 Type of movement to the side The other is from the rock 59 00:03:13,460 --> 00:03:14,928 Or the branch it is located in 60 00:03:17,664 --> 00:03:19,475 If you think you are forming real threat, 61 00:03:19,499 --> 00:03:21,067 You will do something amazing 62 00:03:21,101 --> 00:03:29,101 ♪ 63 00:03:31,745 --> 00:03:34,481 Sometimes, you hold back River anoles down 64 00:03:34,514 --> 00:03:37,183 After only a few seconds 65 00:03:37,217 --> 00:03:41,421 It's hard to predict Exactly where they appear 66 00:03:41,455 --> 00:03:45,426 Other times, they seem to fade away 67 00:03:45,459 --> 00:03:49,096 What do they do when they disappear? 68 00:03:49,129 --> 00:03:51,965 As soon as soon as underwater camera mode, 69 00:03:51,998 --> 00:03:53,299 We were documenting behavior 70 00:03:53,333 --> 00:03:55,669 This is unknown Scientifically 71 00:03:57,771 --> 00:04:00,207 Female bottle to underwater rock 72 00:04:00,240 --> 00:04:02,909 For about ten minutes 73 00:04:02,943 --> 00:04:06,246 We've found it to be a must to hold her breath, 74 00:04:06,279 --> 00:04:08,481 But when we saw our feet, 75 00:04:08,515 --> 00:04:12,753 We saw something that blew us away 76 00:04:12,786 --> 00:04:16,123 Look carefully, and you can See a small air bubble 77 00:04:16,156 --> 00:04:19,326 It grows and shrinks on her head 78 00:04:19,359 --> 00:04:21,828 It seems as if she is breathing her own air again, 79 00:04:21,862 --> 00:04:26,633 Like a deep sea diver recreating Cycling its own oxygen 80 00:04:26,666 --> 00:04:28,578 Researchers at the University of Toronto 81 00:04:28,602 --> 00:04:32,806 We are now trying to understand behavior Rebreathing this 82 00:04:32,839 --> 00:04:37,410 The first law predicts For lizard surprises 83 00:04:37,444 --> 00:04:43,450 ♪ 84 00:04:43,483 --> 00:04:44,818 It's an exciting start 85 00:04:44,851 --> 00:04:48,722 For a question we were thinking In it since we met him 86 00:04:50,791 --> 00:04:53,494 I met Nate Dabin at... 2008 in Costa Rica 87 00:04:53,527 --> 00:04:54,595 When we were students 88 00:04:54,628 --> 00:04:57,764 In the same tropical biology course 89 00:04:57,798 --> 00:04:59,509 We were similar to that, I have It was kind of scary 90 00:04:59,533 --> 00:05:00,977 Thus, we are the same Height, same size 91 00:05:01,001 --> 00:05:03,179 We can match every outfit others if we need to 92 00:05:03,203 --> 00:05:05,439 We were studying evolution, 93 00:05:05,472 --> 00:05:07,316 And we got into photography, 94 00:05:07,340 --> 00:05:08,584 And so we made the decision 95 00:05:08,608 --> 00:05:12,011 To destroy all other forces Or join it 96 00:05:12,045 --> 00:05:13,947 Fortunately for Nate, 97 00:05:13,980 --> 00:05:16,149 We decided not to destroy everything else 98 00:05:16,183 --> 00:05:19,553 Instead, we started Work together on experiments, 99 00:05:19,586 --> 00:05:23,824 Photography projects And finally on the movies 100 00:05:23,857 --> 00:05:25,101 And we kind of made this decision 101 00:05:25,125 --> 00:05:27,260 Did we want to continue? Working and being researchers, 102 00:05:27,294 --> 00:05:29,963 Or did we want to go? To the movie full time? 103 00:05:29,996 --> 00:05:31,397 And we kind of decided together 104 00:05:31,431 --> 00:05:32,866 To take the lead 105 00:05:32,899 --> 00:05:36,169 And start making films scientifically in a professional manner 106 00:05:36,203 --> 00:05:39,173 Since we traveled WNET around the world 107 00:05:39,206 --> 00:05:42,976 Film making about Wildlife and science 108 00:05:43,009 --> 00:05:44,887 One movie we've always wanted to make 109 00:05:44,911 --> 00:05:47,480 The story of these little creatures 110 00:05:47,514 --> 00:05:52,219 That had a huge impact On our understanding of life 111 00:05:52,252 --> 00:05:56,189 “We wanted to tell the story of the anoles 112 00:05:56,223 --> 00:05:57,366 We've all seen a documentary 113 00:05:57,390 --> 00:06:00,026 With lions and fish and elephants, 114 00:06:00,060 --> 00:06:01,128 But none of those types 115 00:06:01,161 --> 00:06:03,497 It had the same effect at a distance 116 00:06:03,530 --> 00:06:07,434 On our understanding of biology As did the anoles 117 00:06:07,467 --> 00:06:10,637 From evolution to science Environment, genetics 118 00:06:10,670 --> 00:06:14,107 Physiology, even conservation biology 119 00:06:14,140 --> 00:06:20,680 ♪ 120 00:06:20,714 --> 00:06:22,916 So, what are titles? 121 00:06:22,949 --> 00:06:25,261 They are a range of types Closely related lizards 122 00:06:25,285 --> 00:06:28,221 They live in all regions American tropical 123 00:06:28,255 --> 00:06:30,791 There are more than 400 species of anoles 124 00:06:30,824 --> 00:06:34,861 With a large range of colours Sizes and behaviors 125 00:06:34,895 --> 00:06:36,930 But despite all this difference, 126 00:06:36,963 --> 00:06:41,768 Snapples share two characteristics that place them in common away from other lizards, 127 00:06:41,801 --> 00:06:44,637 This is stupidity, It is a skin colored tongue 128 00:06:44,671 --> 00:06:46,673 extends from the throat, 129 00:06:46,706 --> 00:06:49,709 Adhesive toe pads adhesive on their feet, 130 00:06:49,743 --> 00:06:54,014 That allows them to climb on Smooth surfaces like leaves 131 00:06:54,047 --> 00:06:57,284 Some other lizards have slippages or scrapes of fingers, 132 00:06:57,317 --> 00:06:59,820 But only anoles have both 133 00:07:02,756 --> 00:07:04,791 “Ghabab” is used to communicate 134 00:07:04,824 --> 00:07:06,559 With members of the same species 135 00:07:06,593 --> 00:07:07,970 Males use it to tell other males, 136 00:07:07,994 --> 00:07:10,597 Hello, this is my land, don't message me 137 00:07:10,630 --> 00:07:13,700 Or they use it to showcase girls Hello, come here 138 00:07:13,733 --> 00:07:16,569 I've got this land Great, I'm really attractive 139 00:07:19,072 --> 00:07:21,107 To ward off potential competition, 140 00:07:21,141 --> 00:07:26,013 A male anole will present a species From the ritual display 141 00:07:26,046 --> 00:07:29,016 will pay, 142 00:07:29,049 --> 00:07:31,251 And he'll nod 143 00:07:33,253 --> 00:07:36,857 If this doesn't scare off his rival, 144 00:07:36,890 --> 00:07:40,927 Their confrontation can escalate Fierce battle 145 00:07:40,961 --> 00:07:48,961 ♪ 146 00:07:55,275 --> 00:07:57,744 If the male can defend his territory, 147 00:07:57,777 --> 00:08:01,881 He will have opportunities to court girls 148 00:08:01,915 --> 00:08:05,519 And if he's lucky, There is an opportunity to mate 149 00:08:05,552 --> 00:08:13,552 ♪ 150 00:08:16,830 --> 00:08:21,301 Anoles are ferocious hunters. They hunt and eat 151 00:08:21,334 --> 00:08:23,770 Almost anything that fits in their mouths 152 00:08:27,974 --> 00:08:31,077 Of “insects and spiders.” 153 00:08:31,111 --> 00:08:32,913 to other lizards, 154 00:08:32,946 --> 00:08:35,715 Even its members are from Their own species 155 00:08:35,749 --> 00:08:43,749 ♪ 156 00:08:48,862 --> 00:08:51,207 One of the most exciting things Surprisingly about Anole 157 00:08:51,231 --> 00:08:53,233 Are these generations of scientists? 158 00:08:53,266 --> 00:08:57,403 They have dedicated their lives To study these criteria 159 00:08:57,437 --> 00:09:00,006 To understand why, we need to introduce you 160 00:09:00,040 --> 00:09:05,646 To the man from Anol University Center 161 00:09:05,678 --> 00:09:07,056 If you mention the episodes to anyone, 162 00:09:07,080 --> 00:09:09,015 They'll think of Jonathan Losos 163 00:09:09,049 --> 00:09:11,527 First person to jump in Mind is Jonathan Luce 164 00:09:11,551 --> 00:09:12,452 "Jonathan Losos" 165 00:09:12,485 --> 00:09:13,619 (Jonathan Losos) 166 00:09:13,653 --> 00:09:14,921 Jonathan Losos 167 00:09:14,954 --> 00:09:16,399 Yes, I would say that Jonathan Losos He's Bob Dylan 168 00:09:16,423 --> 00:09:18,659 Biology of anole lizards 169 00:09:18,691 --> 00:09:19,859 "Leonardo da Vinci" 170 00:09:19,893 --> 00:09:20,660 Godfather 171 00:09:20,693 --> 00:09:21,460 John Lennon 172 00:09:21,494 --> 00:09:22,261 Barack Obama 174 00:09:23,863 --> 00:09:26,833 Dumbledore's Album of Lizard Biology 175 00:09:28,268 --> 00:09:29,779 Jonathan literally wrote the book 176 00:09:29,803 --> 00:09:33,774 And work, in anole biology 177 00:09:33,807 --> 00:09:35,918 The two most common ways to pronounce it 178 00:09:35,942 --> 00:09:39,012 She is "Anne Knoll" and "Knoll 179 00:09:39,045 --> 00:09:40,780 There is no right or wrong 180 00:09:40,814 --> 00:09:42,725 And I actually go back to Backwards, forwards, whatever, 181 00:09:42,749 --> 00:09:45,385 For no particular reason 182 00:09:45,418 --> 00:09:48,821 I mean, he just loves Anoles 183 00:09:48,855 --> 00:09:52,492 He was also a brilliant scientist 184 00:09:54,427 --> 00:09:56,796 We met with Jonathan In Costa Rica 185 00:09:56,830 --> 00:10:01,601 To discover how his name came to be Synchronized with anoles 186 00:10:01,634 --> 00:10:02,468 There's a picture of me 187 00:10:02,502 --> 00:10:05,038 When I was about eight in Miami, 188 00:10:05,071 --> 00:10:07,840 Anole has flourished , small green 189 00:10:07,874 --> 00:10:10,119 This is a picture of me looking great Very with a green anole, 190 00:10:10,143 --> 00:10:11,845 So I come back with them 191 00:10:14,481 --> 00:10:15,816 It seemed like fate 192 00:10:15,849 --> 00:10:20,287 That Jonathan will become an anole researcher 193 00:10:20,320 --> 00:10:23,590 So I've been studying anoles Ever 194 00:10:23,623 --> 00:10:26,526 Do you know any good anole belts? 195 00:10:26,559 --> 00:10:27,660 Well, just one 196 00:10:27,694 --> 00:10:30,230 It's hard, but it's good 197 00:10:31,464 --> 00:10:33,399 "Neil" 198 00:10:35,802 --> 00:10:38,338 I met Jonathan for the first time When I was a graduate student, 199 00:10:38,371 --> 00:10:42,375 And he tried to convince me to study anoles 200 00:10:42,408 --> 00:10:43,419 I remember that 201 00:10:43,443 --> 00:10:45,154 I said, the guy who lives in Miami 202 00:10:45,178 --> 00:10:47,022 He wants to go to Spain To obtain a doctorate 203 00:10:47,046 --> 00:10:49,415 When there is Anoles on its back abdomen 204 00:10:49,449 --> 00:10:50,850 He's a crazy man! 205 00:10:50,884 --> 00:10:52,328 I know, but what I did instead That's why I convinced this guy 206 00:10:52,352 --> 00:10:53,386 Pay it forward 207 00:10:53,419 --> 00:10:54,864 Well, everything is excellent 208 00:10:54,888 --> 00:10:59,192 So, failure, success This is what I'm looking at 209 00:10:59,225 --> 00:11:01,861 I spent three years in Anole study in Miami, 210 00:11:01,895 --> 00:11:05,198 Where they are just part of life 211 00:11:05,231 --> 00:11:08,634 It will take place among people who are practicing Running, and dog walkers 212 00:11:08,668 --> 00:11:10,880 Most people enjoy it With some awareness of anoles 213 00:11:10,904 --> 00:11:13,507 But people are usually surprised Of knowing that I'm not the only one 214 00:11:13,540 --> 00:11:16,043 This is a random stranger out of the park, 215 00:11:16,075 --> 00:11:18,277 But there are already hundreds From biologists, 216 00:11:18,311 --> 00:11:20,756 Including some of the best Scientists in the world, 217 00:11:20,780 --> 00:11:24,651 Who study these special lizards 218 00:11:24,684 --> 00:11:26,162 It's hard to know for sure 219 00:11:26,186 --> 00:11:29,556 How many papers have been published? Over the years about anoles 220 00:11:29,589 --> 00:11:34,394 I would guess 5,000, maybe 10,000 221 00:11:34,427 --> 00:11:37,330 So, there are a lot of anoles to study, 222 00:11:37,363 --> 00:11:40,566 But where does the story of the anole begin? 223 00:11:40,600 --> 00:11:42,168 A good place to start 224 00:11:42,202 --> 00:11:46,006 The largest group in the world Of reptiles and amphibians 225 00:11:46,039 --> 00:11:50,777 At the Smithsonian Museum National Natural History Museum 226 00:11:50,810 --> 00:11:54,247 We have approximately 600,000 samples 227 00:11:54,280 --> 00:11:56,048 Of amphibians and reptiles 228 00:11:56,082 --> 00:11:57,817 600,000 of these 229 00:11:57,850 --> 00:12:03,055 About 18,000 of them From Anolis lizards 230 00:12:03,089 --> 00:12:04,800 These scientific groups are similar 231 00:12:04,824 --> 00:12:09,362 Combine dictionary and encyclopedia Life on Earth 232 00:12:09,395 --> 00:12:12,265 They show scientists what What the species looks like today 233 00:12:12,298 --> 00:12:15,301 And how they changed over time 234 00:12:15,335 --> 00:12:19,339 Unfortunately, anole fossils Incredibly rare, 235 00:12:19,372 --> 00:12:23,209 So, until recently, it did not shed The fossil record is a lot of light 236 00:12:23,243 --> 00:12:26,813 On the ancient history of Anolis 237 00:12:26,846 --> 00:12:29,749 But that all changed with... Recent discoveries 238 00:12:29,782 --> 00:12:32,184 On the island of Hispaniola 239 00:12:34,520 --> 00:12:36,165 There is a famous amber industry 240 00:12:36,189 --> 00:12:37,866 It went on there for a long time 241 00:12:37,890 --> 00:12:39,258 They have been used for jewelry, 242 00:12:39,292 --> 00:12:43,229 But sometimes you find Baby lizards are there too 243 00:12:46,432 --> 00:12:48,744 One of the most beautiful things that I've never seen her 244 00:12:48,768 --> 00:12:53,306 A 20-year-old anole was detained A million years in amber 245 00:12:53,339 --> 00:12:54,707 There were bubbles in the stone 246 00:12:54,741 --> 00:12:59,012 This really contained it The air that lizards breathe 247 00:13:01,180 --> 00:13:02,848 These lizards are trapped in amber 248 00:13:02,882 --> 00:13:06,018 Show us that anoles Live and develop 249 00:13:06,052 --> 00:13:10,790 On the Caribbean islands for dozens Millions of years 250 00:13:10,823 --> 00:13:12,491 This date is preserved 251 00:13:12,525 --> 00:13:16,229 Of the jars that line up On the walls of these groups 252 00:13:16,262 --> 00:13:19,232 Look closely, and you'll start to appreciate 253 00:13:19,265 --> 00:13:23,870 These little lizards It is the key to a big story 254 00:13:23,903 --> 00:13:26,672 The story of life and how it develops 255 00:13:29,342 --> 00:13:32,912 To discover secrets that are not Only anoles can be detected, 256 00:13:32,945 --> 00:13:34,613 We need to follow First steps 257 00:13:34,647 --> 00:13:37,250 Generations of scientists 258 00:13:37,283 --> 00:13:39,318 We need to go to the Caribbean 259 00:13:42,655 --> 00:13:47,293 Here in Puerto Rico, A world of surprises awaits 260 00:13:51,197 --> 00:13:56,035 In the Caribbean, come Earth in all shapes and sizes 261 00:13:56,069 --> 00:13:58,905 If you visit the larger islands in the Caribbean, 262 00:13:58,938 --> 00:14:00,339 The first thing you'll notice 263 00:14:00,373 --> 00:14:04,210 Is that they are crawling with anoles 264 00:14:04,243 --> 00:14:06,755 Look closely and you will You see these rings 265 00:14:06,779 --> 00:14:09,949 It comes in all shapes And sizes too 266 00:14:09,982 --> 00:14:13,018 And like bodybuilders and ballerinas, 267 00:14:13,052 --> 00:14:15,388 Anole anatomy can tell us a lot 268 00:14:15,421 --> 00:14:17,423 About how to make life 269 00:14:19,759 --> 00:14:24,530 Enter the jungle of Puerto Rican And you can see what I mean 270 00:14:24,564 --> 00:14:27,867 You won't have to wait Long to see your first anole 271 00:14:27,900 --> 00:14:30,736 It may be a brown anole with long legs 272 00:14:30,770 --> 00:14:32,472 On a tree trunk 273 00:14:34,974 --> 00:14:36,242 up in the tree, 274 00:14:36,275 --> 00:14:39,278 You may find green anoles with short legs 275 00:14:39,312 --> 00:14:43,783 Climbing on leaves and branches 276 00:14:43,816 --> 00:14:47,620 Goodbye foot, Anole It has a long tail and stripes 277 00:14:47,653 --> 00:14:52,892 It disappears into the grass if you get close Too much of it 278 00:14:52,925 --> 00:14:55,227 high in the canopy, If you are lucky, 279 00:14:55,261 --> 00:14:57,597 You may see a huge green anole 280 00:14:57,630 --> 00:15:02,268 With powerful jaws and massive toe pads 281 00:15:02,301 --> 00:15:05,704 And if you're really still sitting You can spot a small anole 282 00:15:05,738 --> 00:15:08,274 With a short tail and short legs 283 00:15:08,307 --> 00:15:12,578 Clinging to the smallest branches in the forest 284 00:15:12,612 --> 00:15:13,713 All these episodes 285 00:15:13,746 --> 00:15:16,716 Live side by side Here in Puerto Rico, 286 00:15:16,749 --> 00:15:19,952 But they were not scattered Randomly everywhere 287 00:15:19,986 --> 00:15:22,922 They specialize, so lean in To find every type 288 00:15:22,955 --> 00:15:26,525 In a different part of the forest 289 00:15:26,559 --> 00:15:30,329 Some low, some high 290 00:15:30,363 --> 00:15:32,332 Some on tree trunks 291 00:15:32,365 --> 00:15:35,935 Others are emerging on the smallest branches 292 00:15:40,039 --> 00:15:45,311 Jump to a second island, The pattern became clearer 293 00:15:45,344 --> 00:15:47,079 Here in the Dominican Republic, 294 00:15:47,113 --> 00:15:51,584 Anole species are different from these located in Puerto Rico, 295 00:15:51,617 --> 00:15:56,722 But look around, and you will Feel like déjà vu 296 00:15:56,756 --> 00:15:59,325 You will find anoles in All the same places 297 00:15:59,358 --> 00:16:02,728 I saw them in Puerto Rico 298 00:16:02,762 --> 00:16:06,399 Long-legged brown anoles on tree trunks, 299 00:16:06,432 --> 00:16:10,736 Anoles with long tails And ribbons in the grass, 300 00:16:10,770 --> 00:16:15,408 Giant green anoles In the canopy, and so on 301 00:16:15,441 --> 00:16:18,044 Species that play These roles are different, 302 00:16:18,077 --> 00:16:21,948 But they look similar Amazingly among the islands 303 00:16:21,981 --> 00:16:24,717 It's almost as if Different looking actors 304 00:16:24,750 --> 00:16:28,654 The show itself was performed 305 00:16:28,688 --> 00:16:29,923 across the Caribbean, 306 00:16:29,956 --> 00:16:32,759 Anoles live in the same part of the forest 307 00:16:32,792 --> 00:16:35,595 Share features similar anatomy, 308 00:16:35,628 --> 00:16:39,365 It doesn't matter what the islands are in which they live 309 00:16:39,398 --> 00:16:40,933 It's such an exceptional style 310 00:16:40,967 --> 00:16:45,538 That researchers anol They invented a word to describe it 311 00:16:45,571 --> 00:16:46,906 They called these species anoles 312 00:16:46,939 --> 00:16:51,076 Which is repeated from an island To Ecomorph Island 313 00:16:52,812 --> 00:16:54,089 It is named ecomorph 314 00:16:54,113 --> 00:16:58,551 Wherever in the environment you usually find them 315 00:16:58,584 --> 00:17:00,486 earth trunk, 316 00:17:00,520 --> 00:17:01,988 trunk, 317 00:17:02,021 --> 00:17:03,956 crown stem, 318 00:17:03,990 --> 00:17:05,725 giant crown, 319 00:17:05,758 --> 00:17:07,627 twig, 320 00:17:07,660 --> 00:17:10,930 And the grass bush 321 00:17:10,963 --> 00:17:14,467 Cuba and Hispaniola Jamaica and Puerto Rico 322 00:17:14,500 --> 00:17:16,569 Each has different types, 323 00:17:16,602 --> 00:17:20,339 But they all have it The same economic category 324 00:17:20,373 --> 00:17:24,010 The question is, why do you live? Lizards in the same habitat 325 00:17:24,043 --> 00:17:28,080 But on different islands Does it look very similar? 326 00:17:28,114 --> 00:17:30,025 Why do people nearby have From the ground long legs 327 00:17:30,049 --> 00:17:32,385 Some are in the trees Have short legs? 328 00:17:32,418 --> 00:17:33,619 Why in the tree? 329 00:17:33,653 --> 00:17:35,855 Do they have large toe pads? It is often green 330 00:17:35,888 --> 00:17:37,099 The other is on the ground 331 00:17:37,123 --> 00:17:40,560 Have toe pads Smaller and brown? 332 00:17:40,593 --> 00:17:42,995 Jonathan thinks every ecomorph... 333 00:17:43,029 --> 00:17:45,465 Anatomical features helped To survive 334 00:17:45,498 --> 00:17:48,134 In a special part of the forest 335 00:17:48,167 --> 00:17:52,571 He devised an ingenious plan to set up This idea is at stake 336 00:17:54,307 --> 00:17:55,484 The way we experience it 337 00:17:55,508 --> 00:17:58,544 It is basically by getting On the lizard olympics 338 00:17:58,578 --> 00:18:01,314 Jonathan arrested 15 A different type of anole 339 00:18:01,347 --> 00:18:04,483 In Puerto Rico and Jamaica, 340 00:18:04,517 --> 00:18:05,918 And he brought them to the laboratory 341 00:18:05,952 --> 00:18:09,189 To measure the speed of spraying, 342 00:18:09,221 --> 00:18:12,091 ability to jump, 343 00:18:12,124 --> 00:18:14,360 And the strength of the pillow's grip 344 00:18:18,531 --> 00:18:20,833 species that live high in the trees, 345 00:18:20,866 --> 00:18:23,235 Trunk crown and giants crown, 346 00:18:23,269 --> 00:18:25,605 We got bigger foot pads 347 00:18:25,638 --> 00:18:29,809 These toe pads help Sticking to smooth surfaces such as papers 348 00:18:29,842 --> 00:18:31,777 So as not to fall from trees 349 00:18:35,047 --> 00:18:37,583 Stem ground anoles She has long legs, 350 00:18:37,617 --> 00:18:42,589 Which helps them jump far And running fast on flat surfaces 351 00:18:42,622 --> 00:18:44,724 These are crucial skills for a lizard 352 00:18:44,757 --> 00:18:48,527 The prey must be captured And the escape of predators on the ground 353 00:18:51,297 --> 00:18:55,134 Jonathan Olympiad confirmed Lizard what he expected, 354 00:18:55,167 --> 00:18:58,070 That every ecomorph has modifications 355 00:18:58,104 --> 00:19:02,609 This helps her move on Through a different part of the forest 356 00:19:02,642 --> 00:19:04,152 We found one development Interesting 357 00:19:04,176 --> 00:19:05,811 We did not expect 358 00:19:05,845 --> 00:19:08,414 We thought about lizards Short-legged 359 00:19:08,447 --> 00:19:10,849 It will be faster on narrow surfaces 360 00:19:10,883 --> 00:19:13,786 Coming out has never been faster 361 00:19:13,819 --> 00:19:15,521 may not be fast, 362 00:19:15,554 --> 00:19:18,590 But anoles have short legs From the band Ecomorph Twig 363 00:19:18,624 --> 00:19:21,360 Have an advantage over thin branches 364 00:19:21,394 --> 00:19:23,997 She's falling harder than ever 365 00:19:24,030 --> 00:19:26,299 In contrast, anoles are long-legged 366 00:19:26,332 --> 00:19:30,102 You have real problems with Maneuvering on branches 367 00:19:30,136 --> 00:19:32,114 They pray around To get the twig, 368 00:19:32,138 --> 00:19:36,843 And sometimes they just miss it, And they just fall off the branch 369 00:19:36,876 --> 00:19:38,344 For anole, 370 00:19:38,377 --> 00:19:41,380 To be able to move Fast and safe through the woods 371 00:19:41,414 --> 00:19:42,515 It might mean the difference 372 00:19:42,548 --> 00:19:45,618 Between a full stomach and an empty stomach, 373 00:19:45,651 --> 00:19:48,687 Or even between life and death 374 00:19:51,424 --> 00:19:56,462 Imagine a species of anole living in... Down near the ground 375 00:19:56,495 --> 00:19:58,530 Just by chance, some have genes 376 00:19:58,564 --> 00:20:02,201 Which gives them legs Taller than others 377 00:20:02,234 --> 00:20:04,937 These lizards can have legs long to go fast, 378 00:20:04,970 --> 00:20:06,972 So they are great at catching prey 379 00:20:07,006 --> 00:20:11,143 And animals escape Predators on land 380 00:20:11,177 --> 00:20:13,079 On average, these ears Long-legged 381 00:20:13,112 --> 00:20:16,582 It will produce more shows Of short-legged anoles, 382 00:20:16,615 --> 00:20:21,019 Passing on more of their genes to the next generation, 383 00:20:21,053 --> 00:20:22,955 over many generations, 384 00:20:22,988 --> 00:20:26,925 Species will evolve Whole legs are longer 385 00:20:26,959 --> 00:20:29,395 That's exactly how Imagine by Charles Darwin 386 00:20:29,428 --> 00:20:32,031 process of natural selection, 387 00:20:32,064 --> 00:20:33,332 Even Jonathan, 388 00:20:33,365 --> 00:20:36,268 Choose a natural part in parts Different from the jungle 389 00:20:36,302 --> 00:20:41,707 I can explain why I developed each EcoMorph organization has its distinctive features 390 00:20:41,741 --> 00:20:46,346 The problem was, it wasn't There are those who see an evolution taking place 391 00:20:48,481 --> 00:20:50,616 I always compare the development of the study 392 00:20:50,649 --> 00:20:52,784 To be like a revealing story 393 00:20:52,818 --> 00:20:54,019 We got slaughtered 394 00:20:54,053 --> 00:20:56,489 What happened in the past? Why did this happen? 395 00:20:56,522 --> 00:20:57,790 We can't go back in time, 396 00:20:57,823 --> 00:20:59,658 So we have to use any From the evidence we have 397 00:20:59,692 --> 00:21:00,726 To cut it all together 398 00:21:00,760 --> 00:21:02,800 To explain what happened in the past 399 00:21:05,231 --> 00:21:07,633 Since every island It has different types 400 00:21:07,666 --> 00:21:09,401 But the same economic systems, 401 00:21:09,435 --> 00:21:13,139 The important question is whether these systems Economics have developed once 402 00:21:13,172 --> 00:21:15,307 Then it spread to different islands 403 00:21:15,341 --> 00:21:20,179 Or developed separately on each island 404 00:21:20,212 --> 00:21:21,823 To distinguish between these possibilities, 405 00:21:21,847 --> 00:21:24,650 We need to redo Constructing evolutionary history 406 00:21:24,683 --> 00:21:28,220 From anole in the Caribbean 407 00:21:28,254 --> 00:21:31,124 Evolutionary tree It is a chart that lights up 408 00:21:31,157 --> 00:21:35,428 Evolutionary relationships of species 409 00:21:35,461 --> 00:21:36,662 like a real tree, 410 00:21:36,695 --> 00:21:40,399 The evolutionary tree begins as a single trunk, 411 00:21:40,432 --> 00:21:43,135 One type ancestor 412 00:21:43,169 --> 00:21:48,207 When this type is divided into Two sections, the stem branches 413 00:21:48,240 --> 00:21:53,145 As the tree grows, some branches die Once again while species explode, 414 00:21:53,179 --> 00:21:57,350 But others maintain On growth and branch 415 00:21:57,383 --> 00:22:01,287 For a group like anole, with hundreds of living species, 416 00:22:01,320 --> 00:22:05,057 Getting to know the tree Evolution is an enigmatic undertaking 417 00:22:07,293 --> 00:22:08,461 One type of evidence 418 00:22:08,494 --> 00:22:11,497 Scientists help Building evolutionary trees 419 00:22:11,530 --> 00:22:12,865 It is something you can find 420 00:22:12,898 --> 00:22:18,337 Inside every plant and animal on Earth, DNA 421 00:22:18,370 --> 00:22:20,906 DNA changes over time The time in which it develops 422 00:22:20,940 --> 00:22:23,709 The two types were longer separate separately, 423 00:22:23,742 --> 00:22:26,345 The more the difference greater in their DNA, 424 00:22:26,378 --> 00:22:28,456 And so on by acid sequence nuclear of many species, 425 00:22:28,480 --> 00:22:32,617 You can build an evolutionary tree 426 00:22:32,651 --> 00:22:36,088 The shape of that tree, the pattern of the branch 427 00:22:36,121 --> 00:22:37,322 It can help us understand 428 00:22:37,356 --> 00:22:40,793 How did anoles evolve? It spread across the islands 429 00:22:43,362 --> 00:22:44,630 At one time, 430 00:22:44,663 --> 00:22:48,100 It could all have evolved groups only once, 431 00:22:48,133 --> 00:22:53,705 Then it spread from island to island 432 00:22:53,739 --> 00:22:55,140 At the other end, 433 00:22:55,174 --> 00:22:58,110 It could have spread Anoles to different islands first, 434 00:22:58,143 --> 00:23:00,646 Then it developed into systems economics separately 435 00:23:00,679 --> 00:23:03,115 On all four islands 436 00:23:08,287 --> 00:23:10,923 Jonathan and his colleagues Collect DNA samples 437 00:23:10,956 --> 00:23:13,292 Of 55 species of anoles 438 00:23:13,325 --> 00:23:17,162 To build an evolutionary tree It invaded every ecomorph 439 00:23:17,196 --> 00:23:20,900 On all four islands 440 00:23:20,933 --> 00:23:23,269 Have the systems evolved? Really independently 441 00:23:23,302 --> 00:23:24,303 On different islands? 442 00:23:24,336 --> 00:23:26,004 Well, DNA should tell us 443 00:23:27,973 --> 00:23:31,109 The tree gave them an amazing answer 444 00:23:31,143 --> 00:23:33,779 Despite all The differences between them, 445 00:23:33,846 --> 00:23:36,248 Anoles live on the same island 446 00:23:36,282 --> 00:23:38,818 They were more connected to each other 447 00:23:38,851 --> 00:23:41,754 Of the existing species On other islands, 448 00:23:41,787 --> 00:23:46,091 Even the ones that looked like Amazingly similar 449 00:23:46,125 --> 00:23:47,293 "This means that" anoles 450 00:23:47,326 --> 00:23:50,262 The various islands were colonized first 451 00:23:50,296 --> 00:23:52,732 Then it developed on every island 452 00:23:52,765 --> 00:23:57,503 In a congruent society By default from EcoMorph 453 00:23:57,536 --> 00:23:59,905 No one can argue At it again 454 00:23:59,939 --> 00:24:03,910 They developed independently on each island 455 00:24:03,943 --> 00:24:05,620 These scientists have been exposed 456 00:24:05,644 --> 00:24:08,313 Another law of the lizard 457 00:24:08,347 --> 00:24:10,725 When they live in the same type of environment, 458 00:24:10,749 --> 00:24:14,286 Different species develop traits Similar to survival 459 00:24:14,320 --> 00:24:17,557 Again and again and again 460 00:24:19,358 --> 00:24:20,402 Well, people were very excited 461 00:24:20,426 --> 00:24:21,727 When this result came 462 00:24:21,760 --> 00:24:24,072 Because it showed that Evolution does not repeat itself, 463 00:24:24,096 --> 00:24:26,899 There are rules for evolution 464 00:24:26,932 --> 00:24:30,169 Many scholars believe That nature is very complex 465 00:24:30,202 --> 00:24:33,739 Evolution is incomplete Over long periods 466 00:24:33,772 --> 00:24:37,643 That you rarely see Same result twice 467 00:24:37,676 --> 00:24:39,287 They suggested that if You could have done something 468 00:24:39,311 --> 00:24:40,913 reset life bar, 469 00:24:40,946 --> 00:24:44,550 You will get a different result every time 470 00:24:44,583 --> 00:24:47,252 But here I got the same The result four times in a row 471 00:24:47,286 --> 00:24:50,022 On different islands 472 00:24:50,055 --> 00:24:54,526 Jonathan decided to dig deeper In this amazing idea 473 00:24:54,560 --> 00:24:57,897 The development was expected 474 00:24:57,930 --> 00:24:59,774 It would be great Conduct an actual experiment 475 00:24:59,798 --> 00:25:01,466 To test the hypothesis 476 00:25:01,500 --> 00:25:06,005 This is driven by natural selection to the development of these features 477 00:25:06,038 --> 00:25:07,540 Jonathan was up for an adventure 478 00:25:07,573 --> 00:25:11,477 In a new scientific area And discover something 479 00:25:11,510 --> 00:25:14,179 Darwin never thought to imagine 480 00:25:16,348 --> 00:25:17,559 It is a little known fact 481 00:25:17,583 --> 00:25:21,320 It was Charles Darwin Great expert, 482 00:25:21,353 --> 00:25:24,890 But he never conducted any experiment About his most important idea 483 00:25:24,923 --> 00:25:27,626 Theory of evolution through Natural selection 484 00:25:27,659 --> 00:25:30,829 The reason why not His experimentation is clear 485 00:25:30,863 --> 00:25:34,333 He believed that evolution Move incredibly slowly, 486 00:25:34,366 --> 00:25:35,734 Very slowly 487 00:25:35,768 --> 00:25:37,412 He thought so It will take thousands of years 488 00:25:37,436 --> 00:25:41,106 To move forward with the changes That we can discover 489 00:25:41,140 --> 00:25:45,177 Well, Darwin was right Concerning a surprising number of his ideas, 490 00:25:45,210 --> 00:25:49,414 But that's one idea He was wrong about it 491 00:25:49,448 --> 00:25:51,760 It turns out that anoles can To show us something 492 00:25:51,784 --> 00:25:54,854 Darwin never imagined 493 00:25:54,887 --> 00:25:58,524 What evolution looks like as it happens 494 00:25:58,557 --> 00:26:02,327 Let's see it for ourselves, we Heading to the Bahamas 495 00:26:06,799 --> 00:26:09,068 On the four largest islands in caribbean, 496 00:26:09,101 --> 00:26:13,205 Al-Sanabel has evolved to flourish In different parts of the forest, 497 00:26:13,238 --> 00:26:16,341 Their DNA reveals that they are... They did it independently 498 00:26:16,375 --> 00:26:19,945 On every island 499 00:26:19,978 --> 00:26:22,781 These events took place millions of years, 500 00:26:22,815 --> 00:26:26,085 But what if you could Watching evolution happen? 501 00:26:29,054 --> 00:26:30,565 Charles Darwin believed that the Earth 502 00:26:30,589 --> 00:26:33,926 gradually changed over the course of time, 503 00:26:33,959 --> 00:26:37,162 Since plants have adapted animals and their environments, 504 00:26:37,196 --> 00:26:39,040 He thought about the process of evolution 505 00:26:39,064 --> 00:26:42,768 It should be slower for good 506 00:26:42,801 --> 00:26:45,370 But some environments Much more dynamic 507 00:26:45,404 --> 00:26:48,607 From what Darwin imagined 508 00:26:48,640 --> 00:26:51,276 The Bahamas has Hundreds of small islands 509 00:26:51,310 --> 00:26:53,813 Which is often exposed Hit by tornadoes 510 00:26:53,846 --> 00:26:59,585 Here, the species colonizes It moves from year to year 511 00:26:59,618 --> 00:27:01,954 Which makes them an ideal laboratory 512 00:27:01,987 --> 00:27:05,057 To study survival and adaptation, 513 00:27:05,090 --> 00:27:08,260 This is what a scientist has prepared Environmentalist Rob Pringle here 514 00:27:10,562 --> 00:27:11,606 You know, if you knew it 515 00:27:11,630 --> 00:27:13,866 Best representation of you male lizards, 516 00:27:13,899 --> 00:27:16,468 Females may attend To verify your logout 517 00:27:16,502 --> 00:27:19,739 Yes, should I back off? And make some payments? 518 00:27:19,771 --> 00:27:21,373 I was helping Rob catch anoles 519 00:27:21,406 --> 00:27:26,811 For an extensive experience on the development of anoles 520 00:27:26,845 --> 00:27:30,749 The easiest and best way To catch the anole she opened it, 521 00:27:30,782 --> 00:27:34,052 What it is basically, it's land hunting For lizards, you know? 522 00:27:34,086 --> 00:27:35,387 So, you take a fishing pole, 523 00:27:35,420 --> 00:27:37,232 And I linked a little The slider at the end, 524 00:27:37,256 --> 00:27:40,259 And you're trying to spin around the head of a lizard, 525 00:27:40,292 --> 00:27:42,060 Then you pull, 526 00:27:42,094 --> 00:27:45,197 We hope you have A lizard at the end of a stick 527 00:27:45,230 --> 00:27:53,230 ♪ 528 00:27:55,174 --> 00:27:56,342 Look at this male! 529 00:27:56,375 --> 00:27:57,276 You have to bring it to your face 530 00:27:57,309 --> 00:27:58,410 Neil 531 00:27:58,443 --> 00:28:00,045 You all right? 532 00:28:01,680 --> 00:28:05,217 Well, I have to say this It was the worst lizard catch in history 533 00:28:05,250 --> 00:28:07,285 Well, I got the lizard 534 00:28:07,319 --> 00:28:12,357 I also fell into a hole Deep in limestone 535 00:28:12,391 --> 00:28:14,727 But the lizard and I are fine 536 00:28:20,365 --> 00:28:23,201 There we go 537 00:28:23,235 --> 00:28:25,113 I'll leave it to the professionals From now on 538 00:28:25,137 --> 00:28:27,406 Good that you knew 539 00:28:27,439 --> 00:28:28,516 Rob and his colleagues 540 00:28:28,540 --> 00:28:30,909 Bring back the snails To her mobile lab 541 00:28:30,943 --> 00:28:33,546 To take samples of their DNA And take x-ray pictures 542 00:28:33,579 --> 00:28:37,750 To accurately measure lizard bones 543 00:28:37,783 --> 00:28:40,586 They are looking for signs of development 544 00:28:40,619 --> 00:28:42,888 A place that takes no more than a millennium, 545 00:28:42,921 --> 00:28:48,193 But during the experiment it continued Only a few years 546 00:28:48,227 --> 00:28:50,104 After being x-rayed X-rays and take their measurements, 547 00:28:50,128 --> 00:28:51,839 So, will you come back directly? To this same break? 548 00:28:51,863 --> 00:28:52,831 This is absolutely true 549 00:28:52,864 --> 00:28:53,765 You're probably just thinking 550 00:28:53,799 --> 00:28:54,842 It was a really strange dream 551 00:28:54,866 --> 00:28:55,977 It will be just a strange dream, 552 00:28:56,001 --> 00:28:57,278 Something she would tell her friends about 553 00:28:57,302 --> 00:28:58,680 Like, “You guys "You won't believe what happened to me, 554 00:28:58,704 --> 00:29:02,208 Then none of them would believe her 555 00:29:02,241 --> 00:29:03,718 Researchers have attended anoles 556 00:29:03,742 --> 00:29:06,111 To the Bahamas for decades 557 00:29:06,144 --> 00:29:10,448 Because it is an ideal place to study Evolution of lizards 558 00:29:12,384 --> 00:29:14,128 If you get an island small enough 559 00:29:14,152 --> 00:29:16,388 That you can study the entire population 560 00:29:16,421 --> 00:29:19,157 However, it is enough that she is capable To survive and adapt, 561 00:29:19,191 --> 00:29:22,061 It's roughly the equivalent Laboratory test tube 562 00:29:25,030 --> 00:29:26,431 In 1970, 563 00:29:26,465 --> 00:29:31,136 Ecologist Tom Schoener found... Small islands without anoles, 564 00:29:31,169 --> 00:29:33,271 He added the episodes to the study 565 00:29:33,305 --> 00:29:39,011 How populations grow and shrink And they eventually move on 566 00:29:39,044 --> 00:29:41,480 Some residents refuted the possibilities 567 00:29:41,513 --> 00:29:45,183 It continued to bloom a year later 568 00:29:45,217 --> 00:29:50,255 These survivors came forward Jonathan has an interesting idea 569 00:29:50,289 --> 00:29:54,460 Of lizards adapt to their homes On the new island? 570 00:29:54,493 --> 00:29:57,396 They did it unintentionally Prepare an evolution experiment 571 00:29:57,429 --> 00:30:00,532 Because these islands are different in their characteristics 572 00:30:02,467 --> 00:30:05,003 Tom Schoener moved to Brown anoles 573 00:30:05,037 --> 00:30:07,573 “From a larger island,” Staniel Cay 574 00:30:07,606 --> 00:30:09,541 Where lizards live big trees, 575 00:30:09,574 --> 00:30:12,410 To these small islands The small one that had no trees 576 00:30:12,444 --> 00:30:16,448 They had tight bushes Narrow stem vegetables 577 00:30:18,817 --> 00:30:21,887 Only like twig anoles have legs Short on tight greens, 578 00:30:21,920 --> 00:30:23,722 We expected that brown anoles, 579 00:30:23,755 --> 00:30:26,157 When moving from a surface wide to narrow surface, 580 00:30:26,191 --> 00:30:29,194 It is possible to develop short legs 581 00:30:29,227 --> 00:30:30,462 I did the same rules 582 00:30:30,495 --> 00:30:33,665 This development made it possible Forecast on large islands 583 00:30:33,699 --> 00:30:35,834 Work in the Bahamas too? 584 00:30:35,867 --> 00:30:39,104 If so, we can, To witness an evolution 585 00:30:39,137 --> 00:30:41,706 In just 14 years? 586 00:30:44,242 --> 00:30:46,321 Few biologists They will ask this question 587 00:30:46,345 --> 00:30:47,913 Because most of them still believe 588 00:30:47,946 --> 00:30:52,851 Animals evolved very slowly So that it can be observed in a person's lifetime, 589 00:30:52,884 --> 00:30:55,086 But Jonathan saw an opportunity 590 00:30:55,120 --> 00:31:00,192 To put this wisdom traditional test 591 00:31:00,225 --> 00:31:01,903 Shane Campbell-Staton: A big part of biology 592 00:31:01,927 --> 00:31:03,695 Is it about creativity, right? 593 00:31:03,729 --> 00:31:07,933 And about understanding, like, what it is The right question? 594 00:31:07,966 --> 00:31:09,468 There is a work of art there 595 00:31:09,501 --> 00:31:14,606 And if this is art, Jonathan is Picasso 596 00:31:14,639 --> 00:31:16,975 Jonathan returned to Tom Schwenner's islands 597 00:31:17,008 --> 00:31:20,111 In the nineties with a new plan 598 00:31:20,145 --> 00:31:23,749 To compare the anatomy of a population New island 599 00:31:23,782 --> 00:31:27,352 And the original source population 600 00:31:27,386 --> 00:31:29,922 If the spikes different, it will appear 601 00:31:29,955 --> 00:31:33,992 These population groups may It has evolved in just 14 years 602 00:31:37,529 --> 00:31:40,699 The results appeared on the screen 603 00:31:40,732 --> 00:31:43,969 The population was different. They evolved 604 00:31:44,002 --> 00:31:47,973 Well, needless to say This was incredibly exciting 605 00:31:48,006 --> 00:31:52,043 Al-Sanabel differed in the way Which Jonathan expected 606 00:31:52,077 --> 00:31:54,079 On islands with thin branches, 607 00:31:54,112 --> 00:31:56,915 Anoles evolved short legs, 608 00:31:56,948 --> 00:32:00,852 And they did it in just 14 years 609 00:32:00,886 --> 00:32:04,423 Even for "anoles", which Can be reproduced in one year, 610 00:32:04,456 --> 00:32:07,592 14 years is incredibly fast 611 00:32:11,129 --> 00:32:14,499 Of course, Darwin was very surprised 612 00:32:14,533 --> 00:32:17,069 He believed that evolution It happened very slowly 613 00:32:17,102 --> 00:32:18,904 You probably can't see it 614 00:32:18,937 --> 00:32:21,573 Until a thousand years had passed 615 00:32:26,511 --> 00:32:28,079 "Once we realized that" anoles 616 00:32:28,113 --> 00:32:30,282 You will quickly adapt to new circumstances, 617 00:32:30,315 --> 00:32:34,653 He opened our eyes to experiences Other things we can do 618 00:32:34,686 --> 00:32:37,722 Researchers can anol Ask new questions now, 619 00:32:37,756 --> 00:32:41,293 Like how it affects Predators on evolution? 620 00:32:41,326 --> 00:32:42,670 And they could have answered To those questions 621 00:32:42,694 --> 00:32:46,865 Not just by doing work My exploration of the ancient past, 622 00:32:46,898 --> 00:32:48,433 But by doing experiments 623 00:32:48,467 --> 00:32:53,605 The evolution of irresistible viewing At present 624 00:32:53,638 --> 00:32:55,807 That's what Rob Pringle is And Jason Colby 625 00:32:55,841 --> 00:32:59,345 Playing in the Bahamas now 626 00:32:59,377 --> 00:33:01,312 So, it's a good place to be 627 00:33:01,346 --> 00:33:02,747 If you are old, anole is brown 628 00:33:02,781 --> 00:33:03,791 Let's draw some lizards! 629 00:33:03,815 --> 00:33:04,826 Let's start by drawing some lizards! 630 00:33:04,850 --> 00:33:06,285 Okay! 631 00:33:06,318 --> 00:33:07,686 Rob showed me how to mark the loops 632 00:33:07,719 --> 00:33:11,756 With non-toxic, reusable paint Water soluble to try 633 00:33:11,790 --> 00:33:14,026 Yes, there are tons of lizards On this island 634 00:33:14,059 --> 00:33:15,027 This is fun too 635 00:33:15,060 --> 00:33:16,295 Yes, it's a lot of fun! 636 00:33:16,328 --> 00:33:18,931 They're like Schouten's lizards in a barrel 637 00:33:18,964 --> 00:33:20,141 Schouten's lizards in the tree 638 00:33:20,165 --> 00:33:22,045 Yes, it's kind of exactly similar to that 639 00:33:26,104 --> 00:33:27,882 You will lose the lizards These paint marks 640 00:33:27,906 --> 00:33:30,142 Next time they will drown in their own skins. 641 00:33:30,175 --> 00:33:33,178 But paint is not needed To last a long time 642 00:33:33,211 --> 00:33:35,780 By marking all the sweets We can find it in one day 643 00:33:35,814 --> 00:33:36,982 And back to counting 644 00:33:37,015 --> 00:33:39,484 Anole's distinctive mark and more featured the next day, 645 00:33:39,518 --> 00:33:43,722 We can estimate the total number For anoles on an island 646 00:33:43,755 --> 00:33:46,224 Last year, we got On up to 400 lizards 647 00:33:46,258 --> 00:33:47,693 On this island 648 00:33:47,726 --> 00:33:50,662 This census helps Researchers are monitoring 649 00:33:50,695 --> 00:33:54,165 How do "anoles" work on different islands? 650 00:33:54,199 --> 00:33:57,602 On some islands, Anoles are in real danger 651 00:33:57,636 --> 00:34:02,007 Because "Rob and Jason" added Another lizard into the mix, 652 00:34:02,040 --> 00:34:05,610 One of the enemies of the brown anole 653 00:34:05,644 --> 00:34:07,779 "Curly-tailed lizard" 654 00:34:07,812 --> 00:34:15,812 ♪ 655 00:34:20,692 --> 00:34:28,692 ♪ 656 00:34:29,434 --> 00:34:31,379 Those lizards come out With a twisted tail 657 00:34:31,403 --> 00:34:35,374 Don't just affect Anole numbers on the islands 658 00:34:35,407 --> 00:34:39,878 They actually cause Natural selection 659 00:34:39,911 --> 00:34:41,289 In the first six months 660 00:34:41,313 --> 00:34:43,248 Of the curly tails there, 661 00:34:43,281 --> 00:34:46,584 Anoles have limbs The longer the background the better the survival, 662 00:34:46,618 --> 00:34:49,187 Presumably this is because they are faster 663 00:34:49,220 --> 00:34:50,888 In running on the ground 664 00:34:50,922 --> 00:34:55,427 To escape predation from Curly-tailed lizard 665 00:34:55,460 --> 00:34:58,363 Gradually, you start Anoles in motion 666 00:34:58,396 --> 00:35:00,431 They spend less time on land 667 00:35:00,465 --> 00:35:04,169 And more time On slender branches 668 00:35:04,202 --> 00:35:06,571 Once they are out of predator danger, 669 00:35:06,605 --> 00:35:10,609 Natural selection has a different effect 670 00:35:10,642 --> 00:35:13,345 During that period, selection reverses 671 00:35:13,378 --> 00:35:17,048 And the brown sticks are Short hind limbs 672 00:35:17,082 --> 00:35:19,851 Because it occupies these narrow branches, 673 00:35:19,884 --> 00:35:21,586 Pineapple branches with short ends 674 00:35:21,620 --> 00:35:24,523 It can move around Better in that environment 675 00:35:27,359 --> 00:35:31,096 These experiments reveal Another lizard-specific law 676 00:35:31,129 --> 00:35:34,766 Natural selection happens all the time, 677 00:35:34,799 --> 00:35:37,335 It is not only driven by the environment, 678 00:35:37,369 --> 00:35:40,005 But also by other species 679 00:35:43,541 --> 00:35:45,676 One type more than any other 680 00:35:45,710 --> 00:35:50,715 It constitutes the next era of lizard evolution 681 00:35:50,749 --> 00:35:54,753 How do the handles adapt? With human age? 682 00:35:54,786 --> 00:35:59,224 Nate found out as I was going To my back, Miami 683 00:35:59,257 --> 00:36:02,026 To discover amazing adaptations 684 00:36:02,060 --> 00:36:05,196 Of these little lizards In the big city 685 00:36:10,335 --> 00:36:12,137 Our journey has already shown us 686 00:36:12,170 --> 00:36:16,741 That anoles evolve to survive Surviving in a changing world, 687 00:36:16,775 --> 00:36:19,811 But never in their history have they encountered Anoles 688 00:36:19,844 --> 00:36:23,981 A more dangerous or uncertain environment 689 00:36:24,015 --> 00:36:27,218 From the human world 690 00:36:27,252 --> 00:36:30,689 I live in Miami, I see Anoles around me every day, 691 00:36:30,722 --> 00:36:32,991 But there are a lot of creatures Which I see in Miami 692 00:36:33,024 --> 00:36:35,226 They didn't actually grow up there 693 00:36:35,260 --> 00:36:39,464 They come from all the islands throughout the Caribbean 694 00:36:39,497 --> 00:36:43,668 South (Florida) is a bowl Melts of anole migrants 695 00:36:43,702 --> 00:36:46,972 Florida has one species. Only of anole species, 696 00:36:47,005 --> 00:36:52,010 But there are eight other types You have established a population here 697 00:36:52,043 --> 00:36:54,846 They went to Miami either During the pet trade 698 00:36:54,879 --> 00:36:58,015 Or by mistake in shipments Other products and merchandise 699 00:36:58,049 --> 00:37:00,451 Coming from the Caribbean 700 00:37:00,485 --> 00:37:03,922 Humans don't just bring Anoles to the city 701 00:37:03,955 --> 00:37:07,926 Because we are converting forests Wilderness to concrete jungle, 702 00:37:07,959 --> 00:37:10,962 We come too In the city to Anoles 703 00:37:14,365 --> 00:37:16,377 When Anole arrives to a new area, 704 00:37:16,401 --> 00:37:18,837 They receive species new environments, 705 00:37:18,870 --> 00:37:24,175 There are new predators And there are new competitors 706 00:37:24,209 --> 00:37:27,045 Most anoles live on tree trunks, 707 00:37:27,078 --> 00:37:30,181 Tree branches, top of the canopy 708 00:37:30,215 --> 00:37:32,951 But in the urban environment , a lot of this plant 709 00:37:32,984 --> 00:37:38,923 They were replaced by buildings And the walls and lamps 710 00:37:38,957 --> 00:37:41,960 These surfaces can be Softer and harder to climb 711 00:37:41,993 --> 00:37:43,962 Of trees and rocks, 712 00:37:43,995 --> 00:37:47,532 This is not the challenge The only one for city life 713 00:37:47,565 --> 00:37:50,034 By replacing natural vegetables 714 00:37:50,068 --> 00:37:54,906 With concrete, asphalt, They change the thermal environment 715 00:37:54,939 --> 00:37:59,877 It's hotter than ever Comparable natural area 716 00:37:59,911 --> 00:38:01,422 Since lizards cannot regulate 717 00:38:01,446 --> 00:38:03,615 Their body temperatures Internally, 718 00:38:03,648 --> 00:38:08,520 Also, the city is hot Threatening their survival 719 00:38:08,553 --> 00:38:11,031 In some cases, it is The challenges are very great 720 00:38:11,055 --> 00:38:12,123 They just can't do it, 721 00:38:12,157 --> 00:38:14,092 But sometimes they can To survive 722 00:38:14,125 --> 00:38:18,496 Maybe even adapt With these new circumstances 723 00:38:18,530 --> 00:38:22,834 One of these survivors is... Anole Puerto Rican Crested, 724 00:38:22,867 --> 00:38:27,605 That thrive in cities Through Puerto Rico 725 00:38:27,639 --> 00:38:30,509 Researchers Christine Winchell Shan Campbell Staton 726 00:38:30,542 --> 00:38:32,310 Want to understand how these species 727 00:38:32,343 --> 00:38:35,413 He adapts to life in the city 728 00:38:35,446 --> 00:38:36,624 Comprehensive question 729 00:38:36,648 --> 00:38:39,017 My research is trying to intervene 730 00:38:39,050 --> 00:38:42,787 Can a human being Affect the course of development? 731 00:38:42,821 --> 00:38:47,225 How fast can you Do these animals change? 732 00:38:47,258 --> 00:38:49,026 And they can maintain speed 733 00:38:49,060 --> 00:38:52,463 With human changes in the environment? 734 00:38:54,732 --> 00:38:56,443 I think a lot of people do They feel confused 735 00:38:56,467 --> 00:38:58,436 When I walk around urban areas 736 00:38:58,469 --> 00:39:00,504 I'm walking around with a fishing pole, 737 00:39:00,538 --> 00:39:02,440 Which is very strange 738 00:39:02,473 --> 00:39:05,743 Glue fishing pole trees And on my walls, 739 00:39:05,777 --> 00:39:07,145 Which is more strange, 740 00:39:07,178 --> 00:39:11,516 And so, we got Lots of questions 741 00:39:11,549 --> 00:39:12,693 To understand whether lizards 742 00:39:12,717 --> 00:39:15,186 Adapt to city life, 743 00:39:15,220 --> 00:39:19,691 Christine and Shan collect anoles From urban and natural locations 744 00:39:19,724 --> 00:39:21,468 And take them back to their field lab 745 00:39:21,492 --> 00:39:25,029 To compare their anatomy and physical performance 746 00:39:27,732 --> 00:39:30,635 Christine found that, Compared to forest lizards, 747 00:39:30,668 --> 00:39:35,606 Urban lizards contain Longer legs and larger toe pads 748 00:39:35,640 --> 00:39:40,311 The question is, are these... Traits make a difference? 749 00:39:40,345 --> 00:39:44,216 To find out, Christine planned For a new Lizard Olympic Games 750 00:39:44,249 --> 00:39:47,853 To test the performance of the anole In the urban environment 751 00:39:47,886 --> 00:39:50,021 The first event in this competition? 752 00:39:50,054 --> 00:39:53,190 Urban and forest lizards Spread on race tracks 753 00:39:53,224 --> 00:39:55,927 With three different surfaces 754 00:39:55,960 --> 00:39:58,796 We turn it on painted concrete, 755 00:39:58,830 --> 00:40:03,168 On bark and on unpainted metal 756 00:40:03,201 --> 00:40:04,612 So we are very interested to see it 757 00:40:04,636 --> 00:40:09,040 If "forest" lizards could They run fast like urban lizards 758 00:40:09,073 --> 00:40:12,443 On these other pillars 759 00:40:12,477 --> 00:40:13,787 While Christine's lizards sprouted 760 00:40:13,811 --> 00:40:15,746 On mini racing tracks, 761 00:40:15,780 --> 00:40:19,384 Shane set up an event. Less traditional Olympian 762 00:40:19,417 --> 00:40:25,056 To test how anoles adapt Urban with the heat of the city 763 00:40:25,089 --> 00:40:28,125 Reptiles are animals cold-blooded, 764 00:40:28,159 --> 00:40:30,962 And many aspects of its biology 765 00:40:30,995 --> 00:40:33,631 Related to temperature 766 00:40:33,665 --> 00:40:37,569 To find out how hot the lizard is Before it stops working, 767 00:40:37,602 --> 00:40:40,872 We are gradually warming that lizard, 768 00:40:40,905 --> 00:40:46,244 We periodically turn it onto its back 769 00:40:46,277 --> 00:40:48,412 Shine does not harm lizards 770 00:40:48,446 --> 00:40:50,181 As it heats it slowly, 771 00:40:50,214 --> 00:40:53,117 Eventually, they become Too hot to answer 772 00:40:53,151 --> 00:40:54,695 The right device is a good test 773 00:40:54,719 --> 00:40:58,423 Because lizards always want To be on her feet 774 00:40:58,456 --> 00:40:59,833 Shane takes the temperature. 775 00:40:59,857 --> 00:41:02,960 At any time they can no longer bring themselves back, 776 00:41:02,994 --> 00:41:07,732 Hence it helps quickly Lizards to calm down 777 00:41:07,765 --> 00:41:10,601 After capture and test Hundreds of snaps, 778 00:41:10,635 --> 00:41:12,179 It's time for Shane and Kristen 779 00:41:12,203 --> 00:41:15,540 To compare lizards Of forest and city 780 00:41:17,408 --> 00:41:20,678 On average, lizards were urban Able to withstand temperatures 781 00:41:20,712 --> 00:41:22,948 That was one degree Celsius hot 782 00:41:22,981 --> 00:41:25,650 Compared to forest lizards 783 00:41:25,683 --> 00:41:27,261 A difference of one degree Celsius 784 00:41:27,285 --> 00:41:28,553 It may not seem like much, 785 00:41:28,586 --> 00:41:30,221 But for a lizard, this is a difference 786 00:41:30,254 --> 00:41:34,425 The ability to be Active all day 787 00:41:34,459 --> 00:41:37,996 Enjoy access to all Those friends and all those foods 788 00:41:38,029 --> 00:41:41,065 Otherwise you have to give up 789 00:41:41,099 --> 00:41:45,236 Because you're hiding in the shadows And trying to calm down 790 00:41:45,269 --> 00:41:47,571 Enjoy urban lizards Also with playback feature 791 00:41:47,605 --> 00:41:52,310 On thin surfaces Existing in the city environment 792 00:41:52,343 --> 00:41:55,646 Urban lizards work together Faster on all pillars, 793 00:41:55,680 --> 00:41:58,082 These differences are more noticeable 794 00:41:58,116 --> 00:42:00,285 On very smooth vertical substrates, 795 00:42:00,318 --> 00:42:04,289 On metal and on painted concrete 796 00:42:04,322 --> 00:42:08,259 Ability to perform Good on these pillars 797 00:42:08,292 --> 00:42:12,696 It has real repercussions for their survival alive in this habitat 798 00:42:14,465 --> 00:42:17,201 These lizards persist Small surprise scientists 799 00:42:17,235 --> 00:42:19,604 With their powers of adaptation, 800 00:42:19,637 --> 00:42:23,241 Even in rapidly changing environments 801 00:42:23,274 --> 00:42:25,042 Christine and Shan's Discoveries 802 00:42:25,076 --> 00:42:28,079 Show that playbook Evolutionary ancient anole 803 00:42:28,112 --> 00:42:32,483 It still helps them survive Life and adaptation, even in the modern world 804 00:42:37,255 --> 00:42:39,557 Just when we thought Our journey is over, 805 00:42:39,590 --> 00:42:43,194 We heard about a new discovery In the Dominican Republic 806 00:42:43,227 --> 00:42:45,629 new anole types, 807 00:42:45,663 --> 00:42:47,064 A really strange lizard 808 00:42:47,098 --> 00:42:51,035 It has caused deprivation Scientists are completely off guard 809 00:42:51,069 --> 00:42:53,405 We had to see it 810 00:42:53,438 --> 00:42:55,640 One of the few people Who know where to find them 811 00:42:55,673 --> 00:42:59,577 Luc Mahler was the scientist Which was first described 812 00:43:01,646 --> 00:43:03,023 It's an unexpected discovery 813 00:43:03,047 --> 00:43:06,250 This is a giant anole It lives high in the trees 814 00:43:06,284 --> 00:43:08,820 But it's very similar A group of lizards 815 00:43:08,853 --> 00:43:11,189 Previously known only from Cuba, 816 00:43:11,222 --> 00:43:14,592 So, this anole represents New ecomorph power, 817 00:43:14,625 --> 00:43:16,494 So we're here to look for it 818 00:43:20,231 --> 00:43:21,341 Luke took us to the place. 819 00:43:21,365 --> 00:43:25,903 Where did he first see this mysterious anole? 820 00:43:25,937 --> 00:43:28,740 You get that kind From nearby places 821 00:43:28,773 --> 00:43:30,417 Where trees are trees dry forests, 822 00:43:30,441 --> 00:43:33,110 But then you start getting... On the Spanish "moose", 823 00:43:33,144 --> 00:43:34,412 Lots of wheat 824 00:43:34,445 --> 00:43:35,722 I've never seen any place like this 825 00:43:35,746 --> 00:43:38,582 This is quite strange, unique One of a kind, amazing place 826 00:43:38,616 --> 00:43:39,660 I am the "expert" of this environment 827 00:43:39,684 --> 00:43:40,985 Yes 828 00:43:41,018 --> 00:43:42,586 This is good! 829 00:43:44,288 --> 00:43:46,490 “I am the supporter of this environment.” 830 00:43:46,524 --> 00:43:47,492 Luke told us that 831 00:43:47,525 --> 00:43:49,560 Our best chance of finding On these lizards 832 00:43:49,594 --> 00:43:52,964 Had to look for them at night While they were sleeping 833 00:44:03,908 --> 00:44:06,778 I'll come out if we see you This lizard tonight 834 00:44:06,811 --> 00:44:07,851 Is this a guarantee? 835 00:44:07,879 --> 00:44:08,747 Will I turn it inside out? 836 00:44:08,779 --> 00:44:09,713 Is this a promise? 837 00:44:09,747 --> 00:44:11,048 I promise I'll turn it around 838 00:44:11,082 --> 00:44:12,650 Great, can't wait 839 00:44:17,388 --> 00:44:18,623 This was a new genre 840 00:44:18,656 --> 00:44:21,826 One of the most lizards mystery in the world, 841 00:44:21,859 --> 00:44:26,263 And we wanted to be the first A film crew finds him 842 00:44:26,297 --> 00:44:29,901 "Easier said than done" 843 00:44:29,934 --> 00:44:32,403 You must be in place Fitting, get lucky 844 00:44:32,436 --> 00:44:36,340 And looking for the right thing 845 00:44:36,374 --> 00:44:39,744 From Luke's description, we knew What are we looking for? 846 00:44:39,777 --> 00:44:41,979 Gray mosaic lizard 847 00:44:42,013 --> 00:44:44,716 And sleeping on a gray moose branch 848 00:44:47,351 --> 00:44:49,153 I've never seen so many The big one is Tarantula 849 00:44:49,187 --> 00:44:50,227 Welcome to my world 850 00:44:57,762 --> 00:45:01,032 After spending five hours in... Searching for the corolla in the dark, 851 00:45:01,065 --> 00:45:03,134 I'm starting to see things Which doesn't exist there 852 00:45:03,167 --> 00:45:05,202 I am like a beautiful sleeper 853 00:45:05,236 --> 00:45:08,439 It had been a long, unsuccessful night 854 00:45:08,472 --> 00:45:10,150 Other than a few hundred tarantulas 855 00:45:10,174 --> 00:45:12,643 And tons of bug bites We didn't have anything 856 00:45:12,677 --> 00:45:13,645 I think we'll find it, 857 00:45:13,678 --> 00:45:16,214 Not just tonight 858 00:45:17,848 --> 00:45:21,218 We still spent another night In the Dominican Republic, 859 00:45:21,252 --> 00:45:23,654 One last chance to be the first film crew 860 00:45:23,688 --> 00:45:27,292 To pick up a place for this new species, 861 00:45:27,325 --> 00:45:29,861 But it's starting to feel like a long shot 862 00:45:33,864 --> 00:45:37,935 ♪ 863 00:45:37,969 --> 00:45:39,204 It was our last night 864 00:45:39,237 --> 00:45:42,173 In this far corner For the Dominican Republic, 865 00:45:42,206 --> 00:45:45,409 Our last chance to find out On a lizard and photographed 866 00:45:45,443 --> 00:45:47,879 This was brand new to science 867 00:45:47,912 --> 00:45:49,847 We were all a little nervous 868 00:45:51,782 --> 00:45:54,785 So, the goal is here It is if you see a lizard 869 00:45:54,819 --> 00:45:57,655 And she doesn't see you, look away from her 870 00:45:57,688 --> 00:46:00,925 Don't scare her with your lights, get up By lighting it, with the radio on top of it 871 00:46:00,958 --> 00:46:02,593 Let everyone know 872 00:46:02,627 --> 00:46:06,965 ♪ 873 00:46:06,998 --> 00:46:11,603 A few hours pass, and he receives Luke, radio call. 874 00:46:11,636 --> 00:46:14,672 So, we got one here 875 00:46:14,705 --> 00:46:18,242 Okay, I'd be right 876 00:46:18,276 --> 00:46:19,744 Well, which tree? 877 00:46:22,713 --> 00:46:26,183 Yes, this is Anolis Landestoy 878 00:46:26,217 --> 00:46:28,519 Well, we got one 879 00:46:28,552 --> 00:46:29,887 Small? 880 00:46:29,920 --> 00:46:30,721 We got one 881 00:46:30,755 --> 00:46:31,556 Where is she? 882 00:46:31,589 --> 00:46:32,723 I'll show you 883 00:46:32,757 --> 00:46:34,001 So, we will take care Not talking about it 884 00:46:34,025 --> 00:46:37,529 Up, you can see that There's that white spot 885 00:46:37,561 --> 00:46:38,328 Yes! 886 00:46:38,362 --> 00:46:39,730 This is her 887 00:46:39,764 --> 00:46:42,667 It's Goofy's little game It flaunts its head with its tail 888 00:46:42,700 --> 00:46:44,001 How did you see that? 889 00:46:44,035 --> 00:46:45,979 Whoa, it's a completely different look 890 00:46:46,003 --> 00:46:48,138 Than everything else we saw 891 00:46:48,172 --> 00:46:50,675 My first Anolis Landestoi, man 892 00:46:50,708 --> 00:46:52,176 Yes! 893 00:46:52,209 --> 00:46:54,645 Okay! 894 00:46:54,679 --> 00:46:57,849 Seeing this lizard for the first time The first one was amazing, 895 00:46:57,882 --> 00:47:00,184 But then reality set in motion 896 00:47:00,217 --> 00:47:04,088 It was hanging from branch 30 feet off the ground, 897 00:47:04,121 --> 00:47:06,590 Way too loud for us to shoot 898 00:47:06,624 --> 00:47:09,660 It was our only chance Wait until sunrise 899 00:47:09,694 --> 00:47:12,830 I hope you moved low Enough so that we can catch her 900 00:47:18,302 --> 00:47:21,105 Well, you've got an idea I got a great idea 901 00:47:21,138 --> 00:47:22,182 Let's pull the car out of here 902 00:47:22,206 --> 00:47:25,743 And a noose from the top of the car 903 00:47:25,776 --> 00:47:28,145 Let's both get to the roof 904 00:47:28,179 --> 00:47:30,982 Nate looks through the camera So that he can guide me, 905 00:47:31,015 --> 00:47:34,585 Because I can't see what I'm doing 906 00:47:34,618 --> 00:47:37,821 No, I think you just lost it 907 00:47:37,855 --> 00:47:39,390 Yes yes yes yes yes! 908 00:47:39,423 --> 00:47:42,860 I got it! 909 00:47:42,893 --> 00:47:45,429 I got it! 910 00:47:45,463 --> 00:47:46,463 Yes! 911 00:47:48,466 --> 00:47:50,034 Neil! 912 00:47:50,067 --> 00:47:52,069 Hands down better, To catch lizards 913 00:47:52,103 --> 00:47:53,338 I've seen that before 914 00:47:53,371 --> 00:47:55,940 Here is one of the rarest "anoles" in the world 915 00:47:57,708 --> 00:48:00,611 It's like a little dinosaur 916 00:48:00,644 --> 00:48:02,412 What? 917 00:48:02,446 --> 00:48:03,347 He's trying to bite me here 918 00:48:03,381 --> 00:48:05,516 Oh my God! 919 00:48:05,549 --> 00:48:06,717 I'm beautifully boxed 920 00:48:06,751 --> 00:48:07,719 This is like the whole trip, 921 00:48:07,752 --> 00:48:09,520 We've been looking for this male 922 00:48:09,553 --> 00:48:11,989 Very few people Those interested in anoles 923 00:48:12,022 --> 00:48:15,926 I saw this lizard, Which makes it very special 924 00:48:15,960 --> 00:48:20,832 To access the branches 925 00:48:20,865 --> 00:48:22,867 We also developed these new types 926 00:48:22,900 --> 00:48:25,603 And film him climbing back to the tree, 927 00:48:25,636 --> 00:48:28,506 We couldn't help but Remember the first law of the lizard 928 00:48:28,539 --> 00:48:32,143 We learned on this journey 929 00:48:32,176 --> 00:48:34,612 Expect surprises 930 00:48:34,645 --> 00:48:36,313 (Even in Hispaniola, 931 00:48:36,347 --> 00:48:39,750 An island he worked on Biologists for decades, 932 00:48:39,784 --> 00:48:41,853 Here was a strange anole, 933 00:48:41,886 --> 00:48:44,889 Unlike anything else On the island completely, 934 00:48:44,922 --> 00:48:50,161 No one noticed until a few years ago 935 00:48:50,194 --> 00:48:53,197 We really broke the house down How far we still know, 936 00:48:53,230 --> 00:48:55,232 "In many ways, about" anoles 937 00:48:55,266 --> 00:48:56,777 But even some species most common, 938 00:48:56,801 --> 00:48:59,337 Those he studied Scientists for decades, 939 00:48:59,370 --> 00:49:00,680 There are still things about their lives 940 00:49:00,704 --> 00:49:02,306 Which we just don't know 941 00:49:05,042 --> 00:49:07,878 When I graduated from University, I told myself 942 00:49:07,912 --> 00:49:11,416 I would never go into studying reptiles Again because we know everything 943 00:49:11,449 --> 00:49:12,884 Of course, that was ineffective 944 00:49:12,917 --> 00:49:16,687 Far from knowing everything We've barely scratched the surface 945 00:49:16,720 --> 00:49:21,625 ♪ 946 00:49:21,659 --> 00:49:23,570 Neil and I followed the story of the anoles. 947 00:49:23,594 --> 00:49:26,263 for more than a year, 948 00:49:26,297 --> 00:49:30,835 From the rainforests in the sea area Caribbean to university laboratories, 949 00:49:30,868 --> 00:49:34,872 From the small Bahamian Islands To Miami 950 00:49:34,905 --> 00:49:36,206 We started this question? 951 00:49:36,240 --> 00:49:40,478 We think we understand why The evolution of this special "anol", 952 00:49:40,511 --> 00:49:44,615 But our journey left us With something more subtle 953 00:49:46,417 --> 00:49:49,387 “Go and see the diversity of the anoles 954 00:49:49,420 --> 00:49:51,222 On an island like Puerto Rico, 955 00:49:51,255 --> 00:49:53,157 Like going to a museum The Louvre in Paris 956 00:49:53,190 --> 00:49:55,859 And art appreciation is there 957 00:49:55,893 --> 00:49:59,663 It's a beautiful, complex, wonderful thing, 958 00:49:59,697 --> 00:50:01,933 I completely agree with him 959 00:50:01,966 --> 00:50:06,070 ♪ 960 00:50:06,103 --> 00:50:07,948 When I was a scientist studying lizards, 961 00:50:07,972 --> 00:50:11,209 People were always asking me "Why study lizards?" 962 00:50:11,242 --> 00:50:13,611 I think it's normal To be deceptive 963 00:50:13,644 --> 00:50:17,181 It's hard to understand why this is important 964 00:50:17,214 --> 00:50:18,816 To devote all this effort 965 00:50:18,849 --> 00:50:22,653 To understand how you live These "lizards" have their lives 966 00:50:22,686 --> 00:50:25,956 But life on earth incredibly complex, 967 00:50:25,990 --> 00:50:29,527 And understand the rules that I created this diversity 968 00:50:29,560 --> 00:50:31,662 Basic understanding 969 00:50:31,695 --> 00:50:33,764 Where we fit into the bigger picture, 970 00:50:33,797 --> 00:50:35,332 than very few other organisms 971 00:50:35,366 --> 00:50:39,337 “We've been experimenting with the rules a lot around these anoles.” 972 00:50:39,370 --> 00:50:47,370 Translated by: Wonder Woman 973 00:50:49,146 --> 00:50:57,146 ♪