1
00:00:02,035 --> 00:00:04,333
— Through another party?
— Yes,

2
00:00:04,371 --> 00:00:08,535
— Could we know who?
— Think that would be a mistake,

3
00:00:08,575 --> 00:00:10,736
I’ll tell you for what reason,

4
00:00:10,777 --> 00:00:14,076
Not to take this person to task in anyway...

5
00:01:06,300 --> 00:01:08,097
(Honking)

6
00:01:08,135 --> 00:01:12,231
In the autumn of 1942,
nearly a year after Pearl Harbor,

7
00:01:12,272 --> 00:01:17,403
the United States had entered the race
against Germany to produce an atomic bomb

8
00:01:17,444 --> 00:01:22,006
and the Army were preparing to take over
the running of the weapon project

9
00:01:22,049 --> 00:01:24,643
While scientists,
Robert Oppenheimer among them,

10
00:01:24,685 --> 00:01:27,813
were puzzling over
theoretical aspects of the weapon,

11
00:01:27,854 --> 00:01:33,087
the Army had begun the search for a man to
coordinate and supervise all the various projects

12
00:01:33,126 --> 00:01:37,825
that would produce both the explosive material
and the bomb mechanism.

13
00:01:37,864 --> 00:01:40,332
The front runner for the job was an engineer,

14
00:01:40,367 --> 00:01:45,430
a career soldier currently in charge of
all Army construction in the United States.

15
00:01:45,472 --> 00:01:48,168
His name was Colonel Leslie Groves.

16
00:01:49,409 --> 00:01:52,537
At the end of September,
Groves was summoned to the Pentagon

17
00:01:52,579 --> 00:01:58,108
for an interview with Major General Wilhelm
Styer of the Army Services Of Supply.

18
00:02:00,053 --> 00:02:03,887
I'm putting you in charge
of the Manhattan Project.

19
00:02:03,924 --> 00:02:08,987
Now, you'll get briefing from people who are
more expert than me but I can tell you this,

20
00:02:09,029 --> 00:02:14,695
the Manhattan Project is an attempt to develop
a new kind of weapon of shattering power,

21
00:02:14,735 --> 00:02:17,431
the atomic bomb.

22
00:02:17,471 --> 00:02:20,338
Well, you don't seem very excited, Colonel.

23
00:02:21,341 --> 00:02:25,437
Well, I don't know, sir.
The Japs are halfway across the Pacific,

24
00:02:25,479 --> 00:02:27,470
the Germans about to walk into Moscow,

25
00:02:27,514 --> 00:02:31,712
I don't know if I can get interested
in some new wonder weapon at this point, sir.

26
00:02:31,752 --> 00:02:34,414
Well, let me put it to you this way, Colonel.

27
00:02:34,454 --> 00:02:39,619
If the Japs controlled the whole Pacific and
the Germans took all of Russia and all of Asia

28
00:02:39,660 --> 00:02:42,254
and Africa too and we had this bomb,

29
00:02:42,295 --> 00:02:44,160
we would still win the war.

30
00:02:46,233 --> 00:02:48,963
There's one more item
that may be of interest to you.

31
00:02:50,070 --> 00:02:54,530
There's a promotion... goes with the job.

32
00:02:56,176 --> 00:02:59,168
Is that why you wanted a combat assignment?

33
00:03:01,882 --> 00:03:04,476
And I thought you were a real fire—eater.

34
00:03:05,552 --> 00:03:11,388
All right, now, let's get serious.
You're gonna have to work for those stars.

35
00:03:11,425 --> 00:03:14,553
The Manhattan Project's
in a helluva mess right now.

36
00:03:14,594 --> 00:03:17,222
Do you want to take notes?

37
00:03:17,264 --> 00:03:21,200
The President gave the OK
to the project back in 1939.

38
00:03:21,234 --> 00:03:24,294
Since then,
the whole thing's just diddled along.

39
00:03:24,337 --> 00:03:28,000
These scientists, they're not
living in the real world half the time.

40
00:03:28,041 --> 00:03:34,378
For instance, I have got here a project estimate
for five plants that they want to put up.

41
00:03:34,414 --> 00:03:37,542
They put a figure of 85 million bucks on it.

42
00:03:37,584 --> 00:03:43,921
That's ridiculous. I've just come from a TNT
plant we built in Pennsylvania, cost 128 million.

43
00:03:43,957 --> 00:03:47,085
— One plant.
— OK, you see the problem.

44
00:03:48,061 --> 00:03:50,529
There's worse.

45
00:03:50,564 --> 00:03:55,433
They don't even know what process to use
to make the material for this bomb.

46
00:03:55,469 --> 00:03:58,165
Oh, they've got
half a dozen different candidates

47
00:03:58,271 --> 00:04:02,605
but I can't get any sense out of 'em
as to which one is the favorite.

48
00:04:05,412 --> 00:04:09,508
The thing is, Leslie, we have to get
the damned scientists out of this project

49
00:04:09,549 --> 00:04:11,380
and get the Army in.

50
00:04:12,252 --> 00:04:15,949
The problem is we need their brains.

51
00:04:18,024 --> 00:04:21,391
All right. Now, this is what I want you to do.

52
00:04:21,428 --> 00:04:24,056
Go round the country, talk to these people.

53
00:04:24,097 --> 00:04:27,225
— Where do I start?
— The nearest, New York City.

54
00:04:27,267 --> 00:04:30,395
They've got some damned thing
going at Columbia University.

55
00:04:30,437 --> 00:04:35,500
Uh... gaseous diffusion method
for separating the uranium 235 isotope.

56
00:04:36,510 --> 00:04:38,671
Make any sense to you?

57
00:04:38,879 --> 00:04:41,404
— Well...
— Well, it's got to make sense to you.

58
00:04:41,448 --> 00:04:44,144
Look, I'm assigning Ken Nichols to you.

59
00:04:44,184 --> 00:04:49,053
He's a pretty smart fella.
You know, a PhD, etcetera. He'll help you out.

60
00:04:49,089 --> 00:04:51,614
— Where after New York?
— Chicago.

61
00:04:51,658 --> 00:04:55,321
You got Enrico Fermi out there.
You heard of him?

62
00:04:56,263 --> 00:05:00,597
A genius and all that. Doesn't matter.

63
00:05:00,634 --> 00:05:06,004
Look, you see these people, huh?
Stand up to them and make them talk straight.

64
00:05:06,039 --> 00:05:07,404
Right.

65
00:05:07,440 --> 00:05:09,101
After Chicago?

66
00:05:09,142 --> 00:05:12,976
The University Of California, Berkeley.

67
00:05:13,013 --> 00:05:15,948
— Who do I see out there?
— Ernest Lawrence.

68
00:05:15,982 --> 00:05:17,472
(Groves) 0h, I heard of him.

69
00:05:17,517 --> 00:05:22,580
(Styer) Oh and, uh... you should talk to a man
called, uh... Robert Oppenheimer.

70
00:05:24,457 --> 00:05:26,618
(Gro ves) Oppen... heimer.

71
00:05:26,660 --> 00:05:28,890
— Mm—hm.
— What's his interest?

72
00:05:28,929 --> 00:05:32,990
Oppenheimer? Right now
he's heading up a study group out there.

73
00:05:33,033 --> 00:05:37,129
Uh... Theoretical Aspects Of A Fission Bomb.

74
00:05:38,939 --> 00:05:40,930
I hear he's quite a useful guy...

75
00:05:42,209 --> 00:05:43,574
for a scientist.

76
00:05:43,610 --> 00:05:48,479
Now, the next problem with Washington is that
in order to get the kind of funding we need,

77
00:05:48,515 --> 00:05:53,384
we're going to have to convince them that this
isn't a larger version of a conventional weapon.

78
00:05:53,420 --> 00:05:55,888
Oscar, you've done a little work in that area.

79
00:05:55,922 --> 00:05:59,585
I've done a little work but the British
have done considerably more.

80
00:05:59,693 --> 00:06:04,164
Obviously the size of the blast will depend
upon the amount of fissionable material

81
00:06:04,164 --> 00:06:07,190
we can obtain for the weapon
and that we don't know yet.

82
00:06:07,234 --> 00:06:13,639
OK, then all we can say very roughly
is that, weight for weight,

83
00:06:13,673 --> 00:06:18,235
a fission bomb will produce
several thousand times the blast of TNT.

84
00:06:18,278 --> 00:06:21,406
— Uh, here are the calculations.
— Good.

85
00:06:21,448 --> 00:06:25,111
I've had some of my students
look into past large—scale explosions,

86
00:06:25,151 --> 00:06:29,554
see if we can't come up with some equivalent
of what we're trying to produce.

87
00:06:29,589 --> 00:06:35,118
In uh... 1917, an ammunition ship blew up
in the harbor in Halifax, Nova Scotia,

88
00:06:35,161 --> 00:06:38,153
with 5,000 tons of TNT on board.

89
00:06:38,198 --> 00:06:42,601
As you can see, the damage
was extensive, to say the least.

90
00:06:42,636 --> 00:06:46,936
The blast was felt over 60 miles away
and half the city was destroyed.

91
00:06:46,973 --> 00:06:50,431
This picture was taken
half a mile from the blast.

92
00:06:51,444 --> 00:06:55,403
Now, if we can show that
a fission weapon will approach,

93
00:06:55,448 --> 00:06:58,144
or even exceed a blast of this magnitude...

94
00:06:58,251 --> 00:07:00,453
We're going to kill a lot of people.

95
00:07:00,453 --> 00:07:02,978
— How dare you say I'm not to go in that room!
— I'm sorry...

96
00:07:03,023 --> 00:07:05,856
— Edward Teller.
— (Arguing continues)

97
00:07:06,760 --> 00:07:08,990
— I...
— It's all right. He's one of ours.

98
00:07:09,029 --> 00:07:11,327
— How are you, Edward?
— I'm fine, fine.

99
00:07:11,364 --> 00:07:15,198
I'm just mad at this cop here.
I come halfway across the country...

100
00:07:15,235 --> 00:07:17,863
You're supposed to have
one of these, security.

101
00:07:17,904 --> 00:07:19,804
I lost that the day it arrived.

102
00:07:19,839 --> 00:07:22,103
— Hans Bethe, my dear friend!
— You're late.

103
00:07:22,142 --> 00:07:24,838
I'm late. I'm late. I'm a bit late.

104
00:07:24,878 --> 00:07:27,403
— And Oscar.
— Yes, now, we've met.

105
00:07:27,447 --> 00:07:30,644
— Baltimore '38.
— Of course. Yes.

106
00:07:30,850 --> 00:07:34,946
— And this is Bob Serber.
— Ah, Bob, I know your work. Nice to see you.

107
00:07:34,988 --> 00:07:36,979
Emil Konopinski, how nice.

108
00:07:37,023 --> 00:07:39,992
Oh, Oppie, what a good group of people!

109
00:07:40,026 --> 00:07:42,494
(Chuckles) It's very exciting.

110
00:07:42,529 --> 00:07:45,362
Well... we'll have some fun.

111
00:07:45,398 --> 00:07:46,922
I hope so.

112
00:07:46,967 --> 00:07:50,334
— Now...I've got lots to say.
— (All talk at once)

113
00:07:50,370 --> 00:07:52,429
— We have an agenda, Edward.
— What?

114
00:07:52,472 --> 00:07:56,033
We thought it would be best.
Everything in its place, not a free—for—all.

115
00:07:56,076 --> 00:07:58,636
Oh, Oh. OK. An Agenda.

116
00:07:59,612 --> 00:08:01,580
So... what have I missed?

117
00:08:01,614 --> 00:08:05,015
We've just been looking at these pictures
of the Halifax explosion

118
00:08:05,051 --> 00:08:08,384
and I think we can probably double that,
at least.

119
00:08:08,421 --> 00:08:12,323
Now, we've obviously got a very interesting
and complicated problem.

120
00:08:12,359 --> 00:08:13,883
— The best kind.
— Agreed.

121
00:08:13,927 --> 00:08:18,023
But we'll have to be careful in all of this
to keep our discussions focused,

122
00:08:18,064 --> 00:08:20,362
especially due to our constraints of time.

123
00:08:20,400 --> 00:08:23,927
So right away I'd like to look at
one of our fundamental problems,

124
00:08:23,970 --> 00:08:29,340
which is to describe how exactly
this weapon is going to look — shape, size...

125
00:08:29,376 --> 00:08:34,905
Very roughly, we know we have a plutonium,
or uranium, sphere wrapped in a tight shell.

126
00:08:34,948 --> 00:08:37,883
Hans, if you would,
I'd like you to take us on from there.

127
00:08:37,917 --> 00:08:40,613
Oh, er, do you want me to...

128
00:08:51,931 --> 00:08:53,421
(Chattering)

129
00:08:53,466 --> 00:08:56,594
— I think you know...
— The most important thing...

130
00:08:56,703 --> 00:09:00,161
Absolutely, I think this morning was a miracle.

131
00:09:01,207 --> 00:09:04,040
You know, I've never known
a meeting go so smoothly.

132
00:09:04,077 --> 00:09:06,602
Oppie, as the chairman, you are a genius,

133
00:09:06,813 --> 00:09:08,804
except you wouldn't let me talk.

134
00:09:08,848 --> 00:09:12,511
— You talked nonstop for two hours.
— I had three hours in me.

135
00:09:13,453 --> 00:09:18,015
I'm afraid I won't be able to join you for lunch.
I have one or two things that can't wait.

136
00:09:18,058 --> 00:09:21,186
— Bob, you'll look after them, will you?
— Yeah, sure, Oppie.

137
00:09:23,863 --> 00:09:28,823
Just a reminder.
No discussion of this subject outside the room.

138
00:09:28,868 --> 00:09:32,360
— Of course not.
— We must clean up everything before we leave.

139
00:09:32,405 --> 00:09:35,238
— Does that include the board?
— I'm afraid so.

140
00:09:35,275 --> 00:09:37,971
— I'll be back on time.
— Bye—bye, Oppie.

141
00:09:50,890 --> 00:09:52,881
(Doorbell)

142
00:10:12,278 --> 00:10:14,269
I can only stay an hour.

143
00:10:18,585 --> 00:10:20,917
— Drink?
— No, thanks.

144
00:10:34,434 --> 00:10:38,996
— Party work?
— God, no, just stuff.

145
00:10:39,672 --> 00:10:42,573
I couldn't remember
if it was your day to see Belinsky.

146
00:10:42,609 --> 00:10:46,705
No. Wednesdays and, um... Fridays.

147
00:10:47,547 --> 00:10:50,015
— How's it going?
— Slow.

148
00:10:51,184 --> 00:10:54,051
I... I don't know about him.

149
00:10:54,087 --> 00:10:57,386
(German accent) I am thinking of switching
head shrinkers.

150
00:10:57,490 --> 00:10:59,981
— To who?
— Bernstein.

151
00:11:00,026 --> 00:11:02,256
— Is he good?
— He's cheaper.

152
00:11:04,564 --> 00:11:07,192
You need money?

153
00:11:07,233 --> 00:11:09,394
No.

154
00:11:09,435 --> 00:11:12,370
No. How's your wife?

155
00:11:13,439 --> 00:11:14,565
Fine.

156
00:11:14,607 --> 00:11:18,475
Does she still butter you up
as much as she used to?

157
00:11:18,511 --> 00:11:22,208
— She still has a great deal of confidence in me.
— Bully for her.

158
00:11:22,248 --> 00:11:27,117
I never thought you weren't a big fish. I just
thought you were in an awfully small pond.

159
00:11:27,153 --> 00:11:29,314
— I'll come by another time.
— No!

160
00:11:30,690 --> 00:11:34,057
I just have to let it out.
It doesn't take that long.

161
00:11:34,093 --> 00:11:36,084
Is it out now?

162
00:11:37,096 --> 00:11:38,927
Yup.

163
00:11:40,033 --> 00:11:42,331
All out?

164
00:11:42,368 --> 00:11:44,199
I could murder you.

165
00:11:49,909 --> 00:11:51,900
It's been a long morning.

166
00:11:53,313 --> 00:11:55,304
What you been doing?

167
00:11:57,417 --> 00:12:01,046
We started a study group today,
you know... talk, talk, talk.

168
00:12:01,087 --> 00:12:02,918
About what?

169
00:12:04,224 --> 00:12:06,055
Oh, nothing special.

170
00:12:08,061 --> 00:12:11,189
The big news today is we can expect
a visit from the Army brass shortly.

171
00:12:11,231 --> 00:12:14,598
— Oh, boy, trouble.
— Why do they have to get involved?

172
00:12:14,634 --> 00:12:18,070
Well, Hans, they're going to pay for it.
They're your employers.

173
00:12:18,104 --> 00:12:20,095
— Not mine.
— What are they coming for?

174
00:12:20,139 --> 00:12:22,972
To see what we've got, speed us up a little.

175
00:12:24,944 --> 00:12:27,105
Who is it who's coming?

176
00:12:27,146 --> 00:12:30,513
Fellow by the name of Groves. General Groves.

177
00:12:51,104 --> 00:12:53,265
— Who is it?
— It's Nichols, sir.

178
00:13:06,052 --> 00:13:08,043
I'm hungry, Nick.

179
00:13:08,087 --> 00:13:13,923
Well, sir, I've got some Tootsie rolls
and chocolate mints and Hershey bars.

180
00:13:13,960 --> 00:13:16,326
— I'll have a Hershey bar.
— Yes, sir.

181
00:13:26,005 --> 00:13:28,530
I liked that fella Dunning, didn't you?

182
00:13:28,574 --> 00:13:30,565
Sure.

183
00:13:30,610 --> 00:13:35,479
I liked his method too. Straightforward.
You could understand it.

184
00:13:35,515 --> 00:13:38,211
That Yuri, though, he was a pain in the behind.

185
00:13:39,652 --> 00:13:43,315
I thought he had one or two
pretty sound objections, sir.

186
00:13:44,324 --> 00:13:47,555
— Go through them.
— Right.

187
00:13:47,593 --> 00:13:51,689
One, uranium hexafluoride gas,
that corrodes everything it touches

188
00:13:51,898 --> 00:13:54,059
and they haven't found a way round that yet.

189
00:13:54,100 --> 00:13:58,196
Two, the amount of U—235 that
that process produces is so small,

190
00:13:58,304 --> 00:14:01,941
they'd have to repeat it a helluva lot
to get appreciable concentration.

191
00:14:01,941 --> 00:14:07,004
To get the results we need, they'd have to build
huge plants and the cost would be phenomenal.

192
00:14:07,046 --> 00:14:09,571
Three, Dunning said that...

193
00:14:09,615 --> 00:14:14,848
The problem is if you listen to all the objections,
you end up so you don't get behind anything.

194
00:14:14,887 --> 00:14:17,355
How will they know
if the damned thing will work?

195
00:14:17,390 --> 00:14:19,381
Nick, we gotta back the man.

196
00:14:26,566 --> 00:14:30,468
So, when all these rods are withdrawn,

197
00:14:30,503 --> 00:14:33,802
we should have this, uh, chain reaction

198
00:14:33,840 --> 00:14:38,539
but the problem is, without enough uranium,
we are not able to test the theory.

199
00:14:38,578 --> 00:14:41,411
That's what I was saying.
That's the biggest problem.

200
00:14:41,447 --> 00:14:46,316
All right, gentlemen,
what we seem to have here, to sum up,

201
00:14:46,352 --> 00:14:52,018
this proposed uranium graphite pile of
Dr. Fermi's will be operational very shortly.

202
00:14:52,058 --> 00:14:57,894
I expect soon to conduct an experiment, which
will lead to controlled nuclear chain reaction.

203
00:14:57,997 --> 00:14:59,931
Good, good. Uh, glad to hear it.

204
00:14:59,966 --> 00:15:03,993
Now, what I want to know is
can we make that soon even sooner?

205
00:15:06,639 --> 00:15:09,938
Um... for instance, one of the bottlenecks.

206
00:15:09,976 --> 00:15:15,346
Now, what we have here is different approaches
to how this thing's gonna be cooled down.

207
00:15:15,381 --> 00:15:20,944
Now, can't you people get together and decide
which approach is the most likely to work

208
00:15:20,987 --> 00:15:23,012
and throw the rest out the window?

209
00:15:23,055 --> 00:15:25,523
— (All mutter)
— Dr. Compton.

210
00:15:25,558 --> 00:15:31,155
— Well, the point is I feel, uh...
— All the approaches are interesting.

211
00:15:31,197 --> 00:15:36,692
I appreciate they may all be
interesting, Dr... Dr. Szilard.

212
00:15:36,903 --> 00:15:41,602
What I'm trying convey here is there's a war on
and we're up against a pretty smart enemy.

213
00:15:41,641 --> 00:15:46,305
Your German opposite numbers won't be
wasting time on approaches that are interesting.

214
00:15:46,345 --> 00:15:49,712
You don't have to tell me about the Germans.
I know about the Germans.

215
00:15:49,916 --> 00:15:52,476
— I'm glad to hear that.
— Uh, gentlemen...

216
00:15:52,518 --> 00:15:57,182
Look, all I want to know is
which approach is the likeliest to work.

217
00:15:59,325 --> 00:16:01,293
Enrico.

218
00:16:01,327 --> 00:16:05,889
There are two approaches
which seem most interesting.

219
00:16:05,932 --> 00:16:10,335
Air cooling and helium.
It's not possible to differentiate between them.

220
00:16:10,369 --> 00:16:12,200
Right, thank you.

221
00:16:12,238 --> 00:16:16,641
Is it possible that we can agree
to restrict research to these two?

222
00:16:16,676 --> 00:16:18,871
Yes, we can do that.

223
00:16:18,911 --> 00:16:20,970
All right, thank you.

224
00:16:21,013 --> 00:16:27,976
Now, uh, another thing... This estimate for the
fissionable material needed to build the bomb,

225
00:16:28,020 --> 00:16:30,488
it's awfully imprecise.

226
00:16:30,523 --> 00:16:35,517
As an engineer, I'm used to getting estimates
that are correct between 25 and 50%

227
00:16:35,561 --> 00:16:40,430
but you've got a statement here that says
the figure is accurate to a factor of ten.

228
00:16:40,466 --> 00:16:43,162
Now, what am I supposed to do with that?

229
00:16:43,202 --> 00:16:46,569
How do you expect me to build a factory
based on these figures?

230
00:16:46,606 --> 00:16:52,135
I mean, I don't know if I'm designing for three
bombs a month or three tenths of a bomb,

231
00:16:52,178 --> 00:16:54,146
or 30 bombs...

232
00:16:54,180 --> 00:16:56,705
or what.

233
00:16:56,916 --> 00:16:58,543
Dr. Fermi.

234
00:16:58,584 --> 00:17:01,644
At present, it's not possible to be more precise.

235
00:17:01,854 --> 00:17:06,382
General, it's getting late and perhaps,
if there are any more questions we could...

236
00:17:06,425 --> 00:17:10,987
Yeah, I got about a million questions
but I got a train to catch.

237
00:17:12,064 --> 00:17:15,556
Dr. Compton, I'll be in touch
after I get to California.

238
00:17:15,601 --> 00:17:17,592
I'll have done some more reading.

239
00:17:20,907 --> 00:17:22,898
There's just one thing I want to say.

240
00:17:25,578 --> 00:17:32,211
Now, you may know that I don't have a PhD.
Colonel Nichols here has but I don't have one.

241
00:17:32,251 --> 00:17:37,621
But let me tell you I had ten years of
formal education after I entered college.

242
00:17:37,657 --> 00:17:41,320
Ten years...| just studied.

243
00:17:42,428 --> 00:17:45,363
That would be the equivalent of two PhDs,
wouldn't it?

244
00:17:49,669 --> 00:17:52,536
That's all. Good day to you.

245
00:18:11,223 --> 00:18:14,158
All right, Nichols, I had to say something.

246
00:18:14,193 --> 00:18:15,558
That you did.

247
00:18:15,595 --> 00:18:20,464
Goddamn experts, trying to run rings around us,
make me mad.

248
00:18:22,268 --> 00:18:23,633
I'm hungry.

249
00:18:24,870 --> 00:18:27,031
I still got some Hershey bars.

250
00:18:27,073 --> 00:18:31,533
Picked up something new you might like to try
A new Hershey bar with almonds.

251
00:18:31,577 --> 00:18:33,602
— An almond in every bite.
— OK.

252
00:18:41,587 --> 00:18:44,886
They were a poor bunch, Nick, weren't they?

253
00:18:44,924 --> 00:18:47,518
Wouldn't give you a dime for the lot of 'em.

254
00:18:48,527 --> 00:18:51,519
Except Fermi. He seemed to be on the ball.

255
00:18:53,633 --> 00:18:57,899
— I don't like these, too brittle.
— It's just an experiment.

256
00:19:02,174 --> 00:19:04,267
The whole setup made me angry.

257
00:19:04,310 --> 00:19:08,144
People walking in and out of
each other's offices, even the labs.

258
00:19:08,180 --> 00:19:10,648
No security, none.

259
00:19:10,850 --> 00:19:12,841
Same thing at Columbia.

260
00:19:14,387 --> 00:19:18,949
I'd like to see the whole bunch of them
in uniforms and under strict Army regulations.

261
00:19:21,460 --> 00:19:23,485
Make a note of that.

262
00:19:23,529 --> 00:19:25,053
Right.

263
00:19:26,065 --> 00:19:28,033
Who are we seeing in Berkeley?

264
00:19:28,067 --> 00:19:32,470
Basically Ernest Lawrence. We're supposed
to talk to a fella named Robert Oppenheimer.

265
00:19:32,505 --> 00:19:36,942
I'm looking forward to Lawrence.
I hear he's quite a fella.

266
00:19:36,976 --> 00:19:38,967
At least he's an American.

267
00:19:39,912 --> 00:19:43,040
"You don't have to tell me about Germans."

268
00:19:43,082 --> 00:19:45,073
"Germans."

269
00:19:45,117 --> 00:19:48,450
I bet he's German himself, or a Russian.

270
00:19:48,487 --> 00:19:51,251
I think Dr. Szilard's Hungarian.

271
00:19:51,290 --> 00:19:52,655
Hungarian!

272
00:19:52,692 --> 00:19:55,991
He was one of the first to alert the government
about the bomb.

273
00:19:56,028 --> 00:19:58,496
Saying's one thing, doing another.

274
00:19:59,932 --> 00:20:01,923
That's where the real war is.

275
00:20:11,143 --> 00:20:17,013
Look, Li'l Abner wants to get away from Daisy
Mae to go fishing, so he tells her that he's...

276
00:20:19,285 --> 00:20:21,276
OK, homework.

277
00:20:35,668 --> 00:20:37,295
Dr. Robert Oppenheimer.

278
00:20:38,938 --> 00:20:41,099
— Is he an American?
— Yes, sir.

279
00:20:41,140 --> 00:20:44,268
He was born in New York City. Does that count?

280
00:20:44,310 --> 00:20:46,107
Hm.

281
00:20:47,113 --> 00:20:48,740
Damn.

282
00:20:48,948 --> 00:20:50,745
What is it, General?

283
00:20:50,950 --> 00:20:53,043
I think I got a bad tooth.

284
00:20:53,085 --> 00:20:56,213
All I'm talking about is efficiency.

285
00:20:56,255 --> 00:21:00,658
Look, you take a fission bomb, you explode it,
you get your explosion. OK, a big explosion.

286
00:21:00,693 --> 00:21:03,560
— Very big.
— What I'm saying is... and it's not just me.

287
00:21:03,596 --> 00:21:09,432
Fermi's interested too.
What we say is wrap the uranium in deuterium

288
00:21:09,468 --> 00:21:14,269
and use your fission explosion
to create a fusion in the deuterium.

289
00:21:14,306 --> 00:21:19,175
Look, for the same mass of uranium, you can
get an explosive yield five times greater

290
00:21:19,211 --> 00:21:21,008
than the fission will give you.

291
00:21:21,046 --> 00:21:24,413
Not just a nuclear but a thermonuclear reaction.

292
00:21:24,450 --> 00:21:27,283
— Edward...
— Please, Hans, not just a bomb

293
00:21:27,319 --> 00:21:29,287
but a superbomb.

294
00:21:30,656 --> 00:21:32,647
Look, you've seen the calculations.

295
00:21:32,691 --> 00:21:37,924
Gentlemen, please. Yes, Edward, it is obviously
an interesting idea and it has to be followed up.

296
00:21:37,963 --> 00:21:40,625
— But we've taken it as far as we can...
— Oppie, listen.

297
00:21:40,666 --> 00:21:44,193
The fact is if we are going to have
a weapon that we can use in this war,

298
00:21:44,236 --> 00:21:46,602
— it has to be the fission.
— That's a simple job.

299
00:21:46,639 --> 00:21:50,302
— I'll order two for Christmas.
— Hans, nothing simple interests me.

300
00:21:50,342 --> 00:21:54,438
In order to get to the fusion weapon,
we have to start with the fission, don't we?

301
00:21:54,480 --> 00:21:56,277
— Yes.
— Let's take it step by step.

302
00:21:56,315 --> 00:21:59,443
— First fission, then the super.
— It's absurd to neglect the super.

303
00:21:59,552 --> 00:22:02,588
Edward, we're hardly neglecting it.
The point is that...

304
00:22:02,588 --> 00:22:06,581
The point is that it's taken the scientific
community two years to get to this.

305
00:22:06,625 --> 00:22:09,093
How much longer
are you going to fool around?

306
00:22:09,128 --> 00:22:12,461
— (All talk at once)
— With a war on, there's only so much time.

307
00:22:12,498 --> 00:22:16,594
We have spent the best part of
the last three weeks talking about the super

308
00:22:16,635 --> 00:22:21,698
and you are obviously going
to keep concentrating on it, fine. Fine.

309
00:22:23,008 --> 00:22:26,171
But at the moment,
it has just too many problems.

310
00:22:26,212 --> 00:22:28,180
They'd be a joy to solve.

311
00:22:31,283 --> 00:22:33,911
OK... let's get a move on.

312
00:22:34,720 --> 00:22:39,953
Bob. Bob has some thoughts for us on the likely
problems we're going to have with plutonium.

313
00:22:39,992 --> 00:22:42,290
— I've got something else.
— Is it relevant?

314
00:22:42,328 --> 00:22:44,319
Would I mention it otherwise, Oppie?

315
00:22:44,363 --> 00:22:50,996
Last night I did some computations on the likely
heat build—up inside an exploding fission bomb.

316
00:22:51,036 --> 00:22:53,129
Now, it was interesting.

317
00:22:54,740 --> 00:22:57,436
Of course, the calculations are rough.

318
00:22:59,945 --> 00:23:01,469
But I said it was interesting.

319
00:23:01,513 --> 00:23:05,244
— If those figures are correct...
— That's right, Oscar, they're OK.

320
00:23:05,284 --> 00:23:09,380
They seem to indicate that
if we explode a fission bomb,

321
00:23:09,421 --> 00:23:13,448
we have a reasonable chance of
setting fire to the world's atmosphere.

322
00:23:15,694 --> 00:23:18,162
We can't go on until this is settled.

323
00:23:19,498 --> 00:23:21,466
Agreed?

324
00:23:26,405 --> 00:23:28,566
Hans, do you want it?

325
00:23:29,408 --> 00:23:31,399
Well, I can't work in here.

326
00:23:31,443 --> 00:23:35,277
No but do you think you can do it in a hurry
before the military arrives?

327
00:23:35,314 --> 00:23:36,975
Probably.

328
00:23:38,083 --> 00:23:40,074
Thank you.

329
00:23:40,119 --> 00:23:41,609
(Chattering)

330
00:23:42,521 --> 00:23:44,512
Watch the steps.

331
00:23:47,426 --> 00:23:49,417
Well, this is it.

332
00:23:52,631 --> 00:23:54,622
— Most impressive.
— Yes.

333
00:23:56,068 --> 00:23:59,731
Calutron. What does that signify, Professor?

334
00:23:59,939 --> 00:24:02,999
Well, it's mostly homage to my employer.

335
00:24:03,042 --> 00:24:09,242
Cal—u—tron... it's California University... tron.

336
00:24:10,983 --> 00:24:16,353
This little baby derives from the 184—inch
cyclotron we were working on before the war.

337
00:24:16,388 --> 00:24:19,357
— Now, uh, Dr. Lawrence...
— Ernest.

338
00:24:20,192 --> 00:24:24,288
Ernest... I wonder if we could
see this thing in operation.

339
00:24:24,330 --> 00:24:26,628
Certainly.

340
00:24:26,665 --> 00:24:28,530
OK, jimmy, we're ready to go.

341
00:24:30,135 --> 00:24:32,126
If you'd like to come this way.

342
00:24:33,038 --> 00:24:35,029
Watch the steps.

343
00:24:37,076 --> 00:24:39,237
OK, jimmy, let's switch her on.

344
00:24:40,913 --> 00:24:44,041
Now, then, by using high—electrical voltage,

345
00:24:44,083 --> 00:24:47,541
the uranium atoms are accelerated
through a vacuum tube

346
00:24:47,586 --> 00:24:51,249
at speeds of many thousands
of miles per second.

347
00:24:51,290 --> 00:24:53,986
Come on, jimmy, let's goose it up here.

348
00:24:54,927 --> 00:24:59,557
Now, then, at these speeds, they enter
an intensely strong magnetic field.

349
00:24:59,665 --> 00:25:04,436
The magnetic force
pulls the atoms into circular paths.

350
00:25:04,436 --> 00:25:08,099
Now, uranium has two kinds of isotopes.

351
00:25:08,140 --> 00:25:11,632
238... and 235.

352
00:25:11,677 --> 00:25:15,204
— Right. And 235 is...
— Is lighter.

353
00:25:17,616 --> 00:25:19,948
Is lighter.

354
00:25:19,985 --> 00:25:21,247
OK.

355
00:25:21,286 --> 00:25:24,619
And it is fissionable, which is what we want.

356
00:25:24,656 --> 00:25:27,284
Now, how do we separate it out?

357
00:25:28,494 --> 00:25:33,557
You see, your lighter isotopes are bent
into a different circuit from your heavier.

358
00:25:34,500 --> 00:25:39,369
I always like to say it's kind of like throwing two
stones of different weight with the same force

359
00:25:39,405 --> 00:25:42,533
and one of 'em's gonna
go further than the other, right?

360
00:25:42,574 --> 00:25:44,235
— Sure.
— Right.

361
00:25:44,276 --> 00:25:49,179
Now, at the end of the electrical park,
you'll find two separate containers,

362
00:25:49,214 --> 00:25:53,014
one to catch the heavier isotopes
and one to catch the...

363
00:25:53,052 --> 00:25:54,178
Lighter.

364
00:25:54,219 --> 00:25:56,517
Lighter and there you have it, sir.

365
00:25:56,622 --> 00:25:59,318
Electromagnetic separation.

366
00:25:59,358 --> 00:26:03,124
OK, jimmy, you can save
the taxpayers' money now.

367
00:26:03,162 --> 00:26:08,225
So... how long do you have to keep this thing
running to get any appreciable separation?

368
00:26:08,267 --> 00:26:12,101
Well, it takes a long time
to make a vacuum in the machine itself.

369
00:26:12,137 --> 00:26:14,128
14 to 24 hours.

370
00:26:14,173 --> 00:26:17,904
— And how long do you run it?
— Never more than ten to 15 minutes.

371
00:26:23,048 --> 00:26:25,346
So how much separation you got so far?

372
00:26:27,419 --> 00:26:29,410
How much have you got in that basket?

373
00:26:29,455 --> 00:26:33,084
Sir, as yet we don't have
any sizeable separation at all.

374
00:26:33,125 --> 00:26:34,149
(Sighs)

375
00:26:34,193 --> 00:26:37,321
You see, all this is still completely experimental.

376
00:26:39,364 --> 00:26:42,356
You gentlemen going somewhere?
Can I give you a lift?

377
00:26:42,401 --> 00:26:44,699
— No thanks, we've got to see someone else.
— Ah.

378
00:26:44,903 --> 00:26:47,428
— J Robert Oppenheimer.
— He's right down the hall.

379
00:26:47,473 --> 00:26:50,101
— What can you tell us about him?
— Who, Oppie?

380
00:26:50,142 --> 00:26:53,270
Well... he's a heck of a guy.

381
00:26:53,312 --> 00:26:57,214
He's a theorist and I'm an experimentalist
and you know what they say,

382
00:26:57,316 --> 00:27:02,087
the two don't mix but uh...| like him,
admire him.

383
00:27:02,087 --> 00:27:03,918
He reads Sanskrit.

384
00:27:03,956 --> 00:27:06,891
— Sanskrit?
— Yeah, genuine Sanskrit.

385
00:27:06,925 --> 00:27:09,223
Very fond of classical music, too.

386
00:27:12,364 --> 00:27:14,332
(Knocking and door opening)

387
00:27:14,366 --> 00:27:16,334
— Oppie.
— Ernest, come in.

388
00:27:16,368 --> 00:27:19,496
I can't but I brought you some visitors.

389
00:27:19,538 --> 00:27:22,666
— Dr. Robert Oppenheimer, General Groves.
— How do you do.

390
00:27:22,875 --> 00:27:25,173
— This is Colonel, um...
— Nichols.

391
00:27:26,245 --> 00:27:28,213
Right.

392
00:27:29,248 --> 00:27:33,241
— How's the infernal machine, Ernest?
— Oh, very promising.

393
00:27:39,691 --> 00:27:42,387
I heard you were in Berkeley.

394
00:27:42,427 --> 00:27:45,055
— Just want to have a few words, Professor.
— Sure.

395
00:27:47,099 --> 00:27:49,260
Oh, Bob knows everything I know.

396
00:27:49,301 --> 00:27:52,668
— All the same...
— It's OK, really.

397
00:27:52,704 --> 00:27:54,695
(Clears throat) I'm sory

398
00:27:56,642 --> 00:27:58,439
— You be home later?
— Yeah.

399
00:27:58,477 --> 00:28:00,570
I'll call. You're wrong.

400
00:28:06,251 --> 00:28:09,015
I suppose that seemed
kind of unnecessary to you.

401
00:28:09,054 --> 00:28:10,851
Not at all. We're at war, after all.

402
00:28:12,224 --> 00:28:15,887
Well, I never thought
I'd hear a scientist say that.

403
00:28:18,030 --> 00:28:21,261
— Can I get you gentlemen some coffee?
— Fine.

404
00:28:21,300 --> 00:28:25,134
— I won't be a minute.
— Oh, don't bother. Nichols'll get it.

405
00:28:25,170 --> 00:28:27,161
Oh, right.

406
00:28:27,206 --> 00:28:30,198
There's a canteen in the basement
of the next building.

407
00:28:30,242 --> 00:28:32,039
— You got that, Nick?
— Yes, sir.

408
00:28:32,077 --> 00:28:36,309
I'll have coffee, cream and sugar. If they've
got a Danish or a sweet bun or something.

409
00:28:36,348 --> 00:28:39,010
— Yes, sir.
— Tea with lemon for me.

410
00:28:39,051 --> 00:28:40,712
Right.

411
00:28:43,989 --> 00:28:49,655
— I understand you've been on quite a tour.
— Yeah, New York, Pennsylvania, Chicago, here.

412
00:28:49,695 --> 00:28:53,426
— How have you been enjoying it?
— To be frank, not much.

413
00:28:56,168 --> 00:28:58,466
Well, uh, let's get down to business.

414
00:29:04,209 --> 00:29:09,875
I understand your primary involvement is in the
design of this bomb we're working towards.

415
00:29:09,915 --> 00:29:13,043
— That's right.
— I was talking to Dr. Lawrence.

416
00:29:13,085 --> 00:29:15,451
I got the impression he thought
it was premature

417
00:29:15,487 --> 00:29:18,513
to be talking of bomb design before you know
what you're going to be able to put in it.

418
00:29:18,557 --> 00:29:24,052
Sure it is. It's premature ordinarily
but I figure if we wait until they've produced

419
00:29:24,096 --> 00:29:27,623
enough fissionable material
before thinking about the problems

420
00:29:27,666 --> 00:29:30,965
of bomb design and assembly and delivery,

421
00:29:31,003 --> 00:29:34,996
we'd just be adding months,
years to the program.

422
00:29:35,040 --> 00:29:37,338
I can see that.

423
00:29:37,376 --> 00:29:40,140
I tell you, Professor,
that's the way I'm operating.

424
00:29:40,178 --> 00:29:42,339
I'm putting up plants in Tennessee right now

425
00:29:42,381 --> 00:29:46,943
and I can't tell the boys who are working on it
anything but the vaguest specifications

426
00:29:46,985 --> 00:29:49,453
but if I wait till I get better ones...

427
00:29:51,189 --> 00:29:54,317
So, uh... how far's your work got?

428
00:29:55,193 --> 00:29:58,685
Well, we're still in the theory stage, I'm afraid.

429
00:29:58,730 --> 00:30:00,391
Sony

430
00:30:00,432 --> 00:30:05,062
We had a very interesting study group here
this summer, maybe too interesting.

431
00:30:05,103 --> 00:30:06,434
Huh?

432
00:30:06,471 --> 00:30:10,430
A lot of it was spent with Teller
taking us down some pretty strange paths.

433
00:30:10,475 --> 00:30:12,443
Have you met Edward yet?

434
00:30:12,477 --> 00:30:16,573
Amazing man. For instance, he stopped us cold
at one point with some calculations

435
00:30:16,615 --> 00:30:20,449
that indicated the likely heat build—up
in an exploding fission bomb

436
00:30:20,485 --> 00:30:23,921
would create a reaction
between deuterium and nitrogen.

437
00:30:24,923 --> 00:30:26,254
Meaning...?

438
00:30:26,291 --> 00:30:29,419
Meaning we could set fire
to the world's atmosphere.

439
00:30:29,461 --> 00:30:31,429
— My God.
— It's all right.

440
00:30:31,463 --> 00:30:36,025
Hans Bethe checked the figures and it turned
out Edward had been a little imprecise.

441
00:30:36,935 --> 00:30:38,926
There's no chance, huh?

442
00:30:38,970 --> 00:30:43,066
Oh, there's a chance
but not as great as Edward thought.

443
00:30:43,108 --> 00:30:46,509
— There is a chance?
— Three in a million.

444
00:30:47,679 --> 00:30:51,342
We're going to keep quiet about that.
Can't have fellas running around

445
00:30:51,383 --> 00:30:54,079
shooting their mouths off
about setting the world on fire.

446
00:30:54,119 --> 00:30:56,417
You can't stop scientists speculating.

447
00:30:56,455 --> 00:31:01,256
Woolly—minded speculation and talk.
That's what I aim to stop.

448
00:31:01,293 --> 00:31:06,959
I tell you, Professor, I've just had
a bellyful of fancy—thinking experts.

449
00:31:06,998 --> 00:31:08,966
Can't pin 'em down on anything.

450
00:31:09,000 --> 00:31:12,663
Of course there really
aren't any experts in this field.

451
00:31:12,704 --> 00:31:15,070
— What?
— Not really. It's too new.

452
00:31:16,408 --> 00:31:19,104
That's about the best news I've had in weeks.

453
00:31:21,279 --> 00:31:26,216
But for me to be able to do my job,
uh, there's a lot of things I have to know.

454
00:31:26,251 --> 00:31:28,378
Oh, yes, there's plenty to know.

455
00:31:30,188 --> 00:31:33,555
Do you think that you could explain it to me?

456
00:31:35,327 --> 00:31:38,353
Sure. What would you like to know?

457
00:31:55,947 --> 00:31:58,973
— How did it go?
— He's only a general.

458
00:31:59,084 --> 00:32:02,487
— It could be important.
— Relax. I played him like a violin.

459
00:32:02,487 --> 00:32:04,478
Robert.

460
00:32:04,523 --> 00:32:06,514
I played him like a violin.

461
00:32:10,529 --> 00:32:12,190
Where's Peter?

462
00:32:13,098 --> 00:32:15,259
He's home with the baby—sitter.

463
00:32:16,268 --> 00:32:19,635
Steve Nelson came by
and I didn't know what to do.

464
00:32:19,671 --> 00:32:24,131
(Sighs) I should have told him
to go away but he's been good to me.

465
00:32:24,176 --> 00:32:26,167
I'm sory

466
00:32:26,211 --> 00:32:31,012
No. We have a right to see our friends.

467
00:32:40,559 --> 00:32:43,255
He was at the party when we met, remember?

468
00:32:44,463 --> 00:32:47,091
Gave a speech. We ran off to a bar.

469
00:32:48,533 --> 00:32:51,400
— Hadn't been for that speech...
— I should've told him to go away.

470
00:32:51,436 --> 00:32:54,132
— Damn it, I should have.
— Take it easy.

471
00:32:58,743 --> 00:33:04,204

who never was afraid

472
00:33:04,249 --> 00:33:06,877

and the company finks

473
00:33:06,918 --> 00:33:10,581

who made the raid...

474
00:33:10,622 --> 00:33:12,647
— (Door opens)
— Oh.

475
00:33:12,691 --> 00:33:18,152
Excuse me. I guess some people never grow up
but I do like that song and so does he, I think.

476
00:33:18,196 --> 00:33:19,686
— So do I.
— Don't you?

477
00:33:19,898 --> 00:33:21,923
— (Baby whines)
— Good.

478
00:33:21,967 --> 00:33:24,265
— Hey, good.
— Can I get you a drink, Steve?

479
00:33:24,302 --> 00:33:27,430
— Well, I could sure do with some coffee.
— You got it.

480
00:33:27,472 --> 00:33:29,440
— (Baby cries)
— Oh, it's all right.

481
00:33:29,474 --> 00:33:33,001
— Keep on singing.
— Well, now, what's the chorus to that song?

482
00:33:33,044 --> 00:33:34,671
Let's sing the chorus.

483
00:33:34,713 --> 00:33:38,649

I'm sticking to the union

484
00:33:38,683 --> 00:33:41,982


485
00:33:42,020 --> 00:33:48,084

till the day I die

486
00:33:48,126 --> 00:33:51,584


487
00:33:51,630 --> 00:33:53,621
Hi, Bob, Martha.

488
00:33:55,634 --> 00:33:59,297
Would you mind leaving?
I've got an important phone call to make.

489
00:34:13,218 --> 00:34:15,880
— Hi, Lloyd. Steve.
— Hi.

490
00:34:15,921 --> 00:34:19,049
Hi. Listen, I bumped into
that guy Oppenheimer today.

491
00:34:19,090 --> 00:34:21,251
— Oh, really?
— Just casual.

492
00:34:21,293 --> 00:34:25,286
— But he was very friendly, very cordial.
— So what about it? Can you approach him?

493
00:34:25,330 --> 00:34:28,925
Well, that's what I was thinking
but I can't decide.

494
00:34:30,569 --> 00:34:35,632
Well, he used to be quite active before the war
but not at all lately as far as I know.

495
00:34:35,674 --> 00:34:38,302
Mmm. Well, what do you think?

496
00:34:38,343 --> 00:34:40,311
From what joe says...

497
00:34:40,345 --> 00:34:44,679
joe, works up at the radiation lab in Berkeley.
Used to be a student of Oppenheimer's.

498
00:34:44,716 --> 00:34:47,184
(Lloyd) Oh, yeah. Well, just sound him out

499
00:34:47,218 --> 00:34:49,516
— (Steve) just stroke him?
— Yeah.

500
00:34:49,554 --> 00:34:52,250
(Steve) The question is like who and where?

501
00:34:52,290 --> 00:34:56,659
(Lloyd) Yeah. Well, how about you?
Or what’s his name, Joe?

502
00:34:56,761 --> 00:34:59,992
(Steve) No, no, definitely not
He’s jumpy enough as it is.

503
00:35:00,932 --> 00:35:05,631
(Lloyd) Well, maybe just put him out on the
cocktail circuit, get to him one way or another.

504
00:35:05,670 --> 00:35:07,103
(Steve) Yeah, sure.

505
00:35:15,046 --> 00:35:17,207
— Got your peanuts.
— Thanks, Nick.

506
00:35:17,248 --> 00:35:20,615
Got us a reservation for the second sitting.
They're singing trout.

507
00:35:20,652 --> 00:35:22,984
Fine.

508
00:35:23,021 --> 00:35:24,682
Any news from Chicago?

509
00:35:24,889 --> 00:35:28,017
I gather it's taking longer
to build than expected.

510
00:35:28,059 --> 00:35:29,424
Delay, delay.

511
00:35:29,461 --> 00:35:34,125
But have success with the chain reaction.
They'll be transmitting a signal.

512
00:35:34,165 --> 00:35:36,690
The Italian navigator
has landed in the New World.

513
00:35:38,069 --> 00:35:41,436
— The what?
— It's a humorous reference to Dr. Fermi.

514
00:35:47,412 --> 00:35:50,939
I liked that fella, you know.
That fella in Berkeley.

515
00:35:50,982 --> 00:35:53,280
— Lawrence?
— Oh, sure, Lawrence.

516
00:35:53,318 --> 00:35:56,446
That other guy. Oppenheimer.

517
00:35:56,554 --> 00:35:58,545
God, he's a smart fella.

518
00:35:59,424 --> 00:36:01,654
Yet no... fancy stuff.

519
00:36:01,860 --> 00:36:03,851
No airs.

520
00:36:04,896 --> 00:36:07,057
Could understand him.

521
00:36:07,098 --> 00:36:09,089
Sanskrit. Huh!

522
00:36:10,035 --> 00:36:13,163
I'll bet he could us Sanskrit too if he wanted.

523
00:36:13,204 --> 00:36:15,195
What do we know about him?

524
00:36:17,375 --> 00:36:22,574
Julius Robert Oppenheimer, born 1904, educated
Harvard University, University of Cambridge...

525
00:36:22,614 --> 00:36:24,946
No... summary.

526
00:36:24,983 --> 00:36:31,149
Well, he's reckoned to be a first—class teacher
but not a first—class scientist.

527
00:36:31,189 --> 00:36:34,090
— What does that mean?
— He won't win a Nobel prize.

528
00:36:35,393 --> 00:36:38,419
— Is that important?
— In their world it is.

529
00:36:39,297 --> 00:36:41,595
It's not important to me.

530
00:36:41,633 --> 00:36:45,296
In fact, thank God.
We don't need any more prima donnas.

531
00:36:47,272 --> 00:36:49,263
All I know is I can talk to him.

532
00:36:50,408 --> 00:36:52,399
I like what he has to say.

533
00:36:54,713 --> 00:36:58,672
— Can we get him here?
— What, here? On the train?

534
00:37:00,885 --> 00:37:05,948
Well, if he can get a military plane
out of Oakland, he could catch us in Chicago.

535
00:37:05,990 --> 00:37:08,356
I'd have to send a wire from Omaha.

536
00:37:08,393 --> 00:37:10,861
— Do it.
— Right.

537
00:37:11,963 --> 00:37:14,124
He understands security.

538
00:37:14,165 --> 00:37:16,463
The first one.

539
00:37:16,501 --> 00:37:20,028
And I don't give a damn about any Nobel Prizes.

540
00:37:20,071 --> 00:37:23,563
He's the kind of guy I want to see
brought into the heart of the project.

541
00:37:24,943 --> 00:37:27,104
Maybe not.

542
00:37:27,145 --> 00:37:29,010
What?

543
00:37:29,047 --> 00:37:32,881
— Some information here from the FBI.
— Oh, for God's sake.

544
00:37:32,917 --> 00:37:35,681
His wife's a one—time member
of the Communist Party.

545
00:37:35,887 --> 00:37:39,948
His brother and sister—in—law
are current and active members.

546
00:37:39,991 --> 00:37:44,894
His ex—girlfriend, a woman named jean Tatlock,
is thought to be a current member.

547
00:37:44,929 --> 00:37:50,094
He himself has had many contacts with
left—wing organizations in the Bay area.

548
00:37:51,436 --> 00:37:54,132
Subscriber to the People's World Newspaper.

549
00:37:54,172 --> 00:37:56,470
He's active in a teachers' union.

550
00:37:56,574 --> 00:38:00,442
At present, he's under
round—the—clock surveillance.

551
00:38:01,980 --> 00:38:04,278
Better forget about that telegram.

552
00:38:06,518 --> 00:38:09,146
No. Send him.

553
00:38:31,309 --> 00:38:33,300
General? It's Nichols.

554
00:38:44,055 --> 00:38:45,386
Come right in.

555
00:38:47,192 --> 00:38:49,183
Have a seat. Uh...

556
00:38:51,162 --> 00:38:53,460
— Good flight?
— A little bumpy.

557
00:38:54,699 --> 00:38:56,690
— Just made it.
— Yeah.

558
00:38:58,436 --> 00:39:03,066
The reason I asked you here is I liked
some of the things you were saying in Berkeley

559
00:39:03,107 --> 00:39:06,941
and there are a few things on my mind
I'd appreciate talking over with you.

560
00:39:06,978 --> 00:39:08,468
Sure.

561
00:39:08,513 --> 00:39:12,347
My number one headache at this moment
is security.

562
00:39:12,383 --> 00:39:15,511
I can't seem to get it across
to these scientists...

563
00:39:15,553 --> 00:39:17,077
you scientists,

564
00:39:17,121 --> 00:39:21,217
how important it is to restrict
the flow of information.

565
00:39:21,259 --> 00:39:23,124
Quit blabbing to each other.

566
00:39:23,161 --> 00:39:27,120
Well, you see, you're asking them
to go against their whole tradition.

567
00:39:27,165 --> 00:39:30,430
Well, to heck with tradition, Professor.
This is wartime.

568
00:39:30,468 --> 00:39:34,598
— Oh, I think they'll come round.
— Well, not soon enough for me.

569
00:39:34,639 --> 00:39:40,475
Look, uh, one idea I had to get
some kind of control is...

570
00:39:40,511 --> 00:39:43,036
to get the whole lot of them into the Army.

571
00:39:44,082 --> 00:39:46,380
How does that sound to you?

572
00:39:46,417 --> 00:39:48,408
All right.

573
00:39:48,453 --> 00:39:52,355
You wouldn't object personally?
Uniforms, ranks...

574
00:39:52,390 --> 00:39:54,381
I don't think so.

575
00:39:55,393 --> 00:39:59,056
But that doesn't get to
the heart of your problem.

576
00:39:59,097 --> 00:40:05,263
If you cut everybody off from each other,
you've got security, certainly, but... you see...

577
00:40:06,271 --> 00:40:12,437
scientific research is basically a collaborative art,
especially on a project like this.

578
00:40:12,477 --> 00:40:14,945
One person may come up
with a part of the answer

579
00:40:14,979 --> 00:40:20,042
but he won't get there by himself but another
person may have another part of the answer

580
00:40:20,084 --> 00:40:24,487
and then a couple of other people will add
a little bit more and that's the way it works.

581
00:40:24,522 --> 00:40:31,086
But if you have everybody shut off in little
departments, nobody talking to anybody else...

582
00:40:32,096 --> 00:40:34,462
Well... what's the answer?

583
00:40:35,533 --> 00:40:38,161
Cut the knot.

584
00:40:38,202 --> 00:40:44,300
Bring all the specialists together in one
laboratory where they can all talk to each other

585
00:40:44,342 --> 00:40:46,640
and then cut them off
from the rest of the world.

586
00:40:49,380 --> 00:40:52,508
— One center.
— A single central laboratory.

587
00:40:53,584 --> 00:40:55,108
And put a wire round it.

588
00:40:56,120 --> 00:40:58,645
— Uh... well...
— Sure.

589
00:40:58,756 --> 00:41:03,090
And guards and dogs.
And screen out the undesirables.

590
00:41:05,229 --> 00:41:07,390
The undesirables?

591
00:41:10,468 --> 00:41:12,436
Nick, take a walk.

592
00:41:12,470 --> 00:41:14,438
Sir.

593
00:41:29,620 --> 00:41:32,316
Now, what is all this damned nonsense?

594
00:41:33,324 --> 00:41:34,985
I can't understand it,

595
00:41:35,026 --> 00:41:40,692
an intelligent man like you mixed up
in all this... communistic left—wing garbage.

596
00:41:43,701 --> 00:41:45,726
It's beyond me.

597
00:41:45,937 --> 00:41:50,636
I could understand it if you came from
some godforsaken European slum

598
00:41:50,675 --> 00:41:53,701
but this is America and you're an American.

599
00:41:54,579 --> 00:41:58,015
I'm an American that's spent
a good deal of time abroad.

600
00:41:58,116 --> 00:42:00,050
More's the pity maybe.

601
00:42:01,285 --> 00:42:07,121
Look, Professor...I operate
from a very simple premise,

602
00:42:07,158 --> 00:42:09,319
one that's stood me well.

603
00:42:09,360 --> 00:42:11,521
This is the best country in the world

604
00:42:11,562 --> 00:42:15,225
and there's not another one
that comes within a hundred miles of it.

605
00:42:15,266 --> 00:42:19,362
We have the best businessmen in the world,
we have the best athletes,

606
00:42:19,404 --> 00:42:22,931
we have the best... movie stars.

607
00:42:23,708 --> 00:42:28,941
I know we got the best soldiers in the world
and you go right on down the line.

608
00:42:29,647 --> 00:42:31,615
This is the American century.

609
00:42:34,285 --> 00:42:36,310
Now, you think about it.

610
00:42:36,354 --> 00:42:41,223
In your own field, are you telling me we don't
have the best scientists in the world?

611
00:42:41,259 --> 00:42:46,526
We have some of them. Milligan,
Compton, Lawrence, but not all of them.

612
00:42:47,231 --> 00:42:50,098
Well, who else is there?

613
00:42:50,134 --> 00:42:53,797
Fermi's from Italy,
Hans Bethe's from Germany,

614
00:42:53,838 --> 00:42:55,999
Wigner and Teller are from Hungary...

615
00:42:56,040 --> 00:43:00,067
All right. All right. And where are they now?
These fellas with the funny names?

616
00:43:00,111 --> 00:43:01,840
— Where are they now?
— Now?

617
00:43:01,879 --> 00:43:04,245
Right now.

618
00:43:04,282 --> 00:43:07,080
Hans Bethe's in Cornell, Fermi's in Chicago...

619
00:43:07,118 --> 00:43:10,315
— They're in the United States.
— Yes.

620
00:43:10,354 --> 00:43:13,551
And that's it! The American way.

621
00:43:14,559 --> 00:43:19,087
If we can't grow 'em ourselves,
we bring 'em in.

622
00:43:19,130 --> 00:43:22,497
Bring 'em. They fight to get in.

623
00:43:22,533 --> 00:43:24,524
This is America.

624
00:43:25,536 --> 00:43:28,596
This is the American century.

625
00:43:30,475 --> 00:43:33,103
— You may be right.
— There's no maybe.

626
00:43:35,279 --> 00:43:37,270
I want to ask you a question.

627
00:43:38,349 --> 00:43:40,010
Are you a Communist?

628
00:43:41,586 --> 00:43:43,747
No.

629
00:43:43,955 --> 00:43:46,253
Have you ever been a Communist?

630
00:43:46,290 --> 00:43:48,588
No.

631
00:43:48,626 --> 00:43:51,220
Then why are half
your damn friends Communists?

632
00:43:51,963 --> 00:43:53,954
Not quite half.

633
00:43:59,070 --> 00:44:01,470
If only your ideas weren't so good...

634
00:44:07,178 --> 00:44:12,047
What about this, uh... bomb laboratory?

635
00:44:12,083 --> 00:44:14,074
Where do we put it?

636
00:44:15,686 --> 00:44:18,985
— What do you need?
— Somewhere isolated.

637
00:44:19,023 --> 00:44:24,689
We put it near a big city, the bastards'll be
sneaking under the wire every night, I know.

638
00:44:24,729 --> 00:44:27,357
— Canada?
— Foreign government.

639
00:44:27,398 --> 00:44:29,559
There'll be enough red tape as it is.

640
00:44:29,600 --> 00:44:35,596
It's too cold up there. They have six—month
winters, helluva problem with construction.

641
00:44:35,640 --> 00:44:38,108
No, it's got to be in the United States.

642
00:44:39,177 --> 00:44:43,170
Somewhere isolated... and short winters.

643
00:44:49,754 --> 00:44:51,745
What?

644
00:44:52,957 --> 00:44:54,754
I think I may know just the place.

645
00:45:28,292 --> 00:45:30,317
(Groves) Well, it's isolated anyway.

646
00:45:36,267 --> 00:45:38,428
What are those kids doing up here, Oppie?

647
00:45:38,469 --> 00:45:42,565
Those buildings over there,
that's the, uh... Los Alamos Boys School.

648
00:45:42,607 --> 00:45:46,270
School? So you got housing in place already?

649
00:45:46,310 --> 00:45:48,141
— Mmm.
— Good.

650
00:45:49,180 --> 00:45:52,672
How many people do you think
we'd need up here, uh... maximum?

651
00:45:52,717 --> 00:45:54,344
150, 200.

652
00:45:54,385 --> 00:45:57,081
I think that might be an underestimate.

653
00:45:58,589 --> 00:46:01,217
— I don't think so.
— On other projects I've worked on...

654
00:46:01,259 --> 00:46:04,057
— 200 maximum.
— Sir, I think you're making...

655
00:46:04,095 --> 00:46:06,256
OK, Nichols, button it up.

656
00:46:10,701 --> 00:46:12,692
Now, look, Oppie, I want...

657
00:46:17,241 --> 00:46:19,209
Oh, heck.

658
00:46:25,549 --> 00:46:27,517
Nichols.

659
00:46:31,489 --> 00:46:34,424
Come on, Nick. There's a lot of pressure.

660
00:46:34,458 --> 00:46:36,926
I've got to have somebody to kick around.

661
00:46:36,961 --> 00:46:40,328
Not in front of anybody else. No more.

662
00:46:42,600 --> 00:46:45,296
— OK.
— I mean it, General.

663
00:46:47,938 --> 00:46:49,565
(Bleeping)

664
00:46:58,949 --> 00:47:00,143
OK?

665
00:47:00,184 --> 00:47:02,175
(Nichols) Yes.

666
00:47:03,454 --> 00:47:06,321
General, there's a message from Chicago.

667
00:47:09,627 --> 00:47:11,618
Yeah. Go ahead.

668
00:47:11,662 --> 00:47:13,493
This is he.

669
00:47:15,299 --> 00:47:17,597
Again.

670
00:47:19,503 --> 00:47:21,664
Very good. Thank you.

671
00:47:23,307 --> 00:47:26,674
The Italian navigator
has landed in the New World.

672
00:47:27,978 --> 00:47:29,639
God bless Fermi.

673
00:47:30,948 --> 00:47:33,644
— We have a chain reaction.
— You betcha.

674
00:47:35,553 --> 00:47:38,249
— Well, that is good news.
— Hah.

675
00:47:38,289 --> 00:47:40,314
— You must be relieved.
— Yeah.

676
00:47:40,358 --> 00:47:43,122
There's nothing standing in our way now.

677
00:47:45,196 --> 00:47:46,527
There's $2 billion.

678
00:47:48,132 --> 00:47:50,430
It's a soundless...

679
00:47:50,468 --> 00:47:54,131
— It's a silent movie?
— Silent movie!

680
00:47:54,171 --> 00:47:56,935
— The Four Horsemen Of The Apocalypse.
— No.

681
00:47:57,041 --> 00:48:00,444
— Uh...
— The whole thing, everything together.

682
00:48:00,444 --> 00:48:01,934
What an actor.

683
00:48:01,979 --> 00:48:03,606
Gangster. Steal...

684
00:48:03,647 --> 00:48:06,047
(All talk at once)

685
00:48:08,586 --> 00:48:10,918
The Birth Of The Nations.

686
00:48:10,955 --> 00:48:12,946
Third word.

687
00:48:14,091 --> 00:48:16,082
The Day They Robbed...

688
00:48:16,127 --> 00:48:18,595
Doctor?

689
00:48:18,629 --> 00:48:21,427
— The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari.
— (All) Oh!

690
00:48:22,900 --> 00:48:24,891
(All talk at once)

691
00:48:28,372 --> 00:48:32,468
(Radio) Solomon islands. The Navy Department
announces Army and Navy aircraft

692
00:48:32,510 --> 00:48:36,776
continue daylight attacks
on enemy positions on Guadalcanal.

693
00:48:36,814 --> 00:48:41,513
Tunisia. The British 8th Army
continues to advance on Misratah.

694
00:48:41,552 --> 00:48:46,114
Germany. RAF attacks Duisburg, Germany,
for the 56th time.

695
00:48:46,157 --> 00:48:48,785
Eleven bombers reported missing.

696
00:48:48,826 --> 00:48:55,197
Russia. Inside Stalingrad, Moscow reports
300—400 meter advance in factory district

697
00:48:55,232 --> 00:48:57,928
Heavy Nazi counterattacks repulsed

698
00:48:58,035 --> 00:48:59,969
However; Berlin Radio announces

699
00:49:00,004 --> 00:49:03,531
German High Command well satisfied
with the fighting in Russia,

700
00:49:03,574 --> 00:49:07,203
which, the Nazis say,
has resulted in the destruction, or capture,

701
00:49:07,244 --> 00:49:10,611
of 70,000 Russian tanks, 70,000 guns

702
00:49:10,648 --> 00:49:14,277
and a total of one million
Red Army prisoners of war.

703
00:49:14,318 --> 00:49:18,414
— Jesus, what's going on over there?
— One million prisoners?

704
00:49:18,456 --> 00:49:22,290
— What are those idiots in Washington doing?
— They swore there'd be a second front.

705
00:49:22,326 --> 00:49:24,794
Please. I'll tell you what they're doing, nothing.

706
00:49:24,829 --> 00:49:27,423
Sitting on their asses
while Russia goes down the drain.

707
00:49:27,465 --> 00:49:30,229
— Oh, stop it, Haakon.
— What did I do?

708
00:49:30,267 --> 00:49:33,259
When Russia gets into it,
you know when to switch.

709
00:49:33,304 --> 00:49:35,966
— Now, Robert.
— Never mind, Kitty.

710
00:49:36,006 --> 00:49:40,102
— The dogs bark but the...
— He is a dog too.

711
00:49:40,144 --> 00:49:43,272
Oh, it's those Army jerks
he's been his spending time with.

712
00:49:43,314 --> 00:49:45,305
It's gone to his head.

713
00:49:47,284 --> 00:49:49,081
I'll get the champagne.

714
00:49:49,119 --> 00:49:51,053
We've got four minutes.

715
00:49:57,061 --> 00:49:58,119
Uh—oh.

716
00:50:09,306 --> 00:50:11,331
I don't even know how to behave.

717
00:50:12,710 --> 00:50:17,238
Robert, he shouldn't even be in the house.
It's so dangerous.

718
00:50:17,281 --> 00:50:20,409
We'll be getting out of here soon,
no more problems.

719
00:50:20,451 --> 00:50:22,442
I wish it was now.

720
00:50:25,322 --> 00:50:27,313
Forgive me?

721
00:50:32,162 --> 00:50:34,995
— (Knock on door)
— Can I be of any assistance?

722
00:50:36,634 --> 00:50:38,625
He's all yours.

723
00:50:42,439 --> 00:50:44,430
Two minutes.

724
00:50:48,279 --> 00:50:50,440
— Sony
— Forget it.

725
00:50:51,649 --> 00:50:54,948
I'm edgy. Too much work.

726
00:50:54,985 --> 00:50:56,612
Sure.

727
00:50:57,588 --> 00:50:59,385
Want a preliminary?

728
00:50:59,423 --> 00:51:01,152
Yeah.

729
00:51:08,599 --> 00:51:10,430
Here you go.

730
00:51:10,467 --> 00:51:12,628
— (Popping)
— Oh. There we are.

731
00:51:14,305 --> 00:51:16,296
Happy New Year.

732
00:51:19,043 --> 00:51:21,034
It's been a good year for you.

733
00:51:22,279 --> 00:51:24,270
Kitty.

734
00:51:24,315 --> 00:51:26,340
You ever see jean these days?

735
00:51:26,383 --> 00:51:30,444
Jean? Once in a while.

736
00:51:30,487 --> 00:51:33,354
— How is she?
— Sad.

737
00:51:39,663 --> 00:51:41,631
— Robert?
— Yeah.

738
00:51:42,633 --> 00:51:45,397
— I'd better not.
— What is it?

739
00:51:46,136 --> 00:51:49,071
It's just that Russian news. It really...

740
00:51:49,106 --> 00:51:51,574
— I'll shut up.
— It bothers me too.

741
00:51:51,609 --> 00:51:54,476
— Really?
— What do you think I am nowadays?

742
00:51:54,511 --> 00:51:56,979
Sure it does.

743
00:51:57,081 --> 00:52:00,016
They're having a rough time, poor bastards

744
00:52:01,285 --> 00:52:03,446
If they break in Stalingrad...

745
00:52:05,255 --> 00:52:07,553
How much are you able to do for them?

746
00:52:08,459 --> 00:52:11,986
Well, all that stuff
you're working on up at the radiation lab.

747
00:52:12,029 --> 00:52:15,157
Robert, it's common knowledge it's pretty big.

748
00:52:15,199 --> 00:52:18,566
— Are you able to share it with the Soviets?
— No.

749
00:52:18,602 --> 00:52:20,593
That's crazy.

750
00:52:20,638 --> 00:52:22,629
— Sure it is.
— You think so?

751
00:52:22,673 --> 00:52:25,141
Yeah. They're our allies.

752
00:52:26,210 --> 00:52:30,670
We should be giving them our research
and getting theirs in return, no question.

753
00:52:35,452 --> 00:52:38,944
— You know, it could be done.
— What?

754
00:52:38,989 --> 00:52:43,085
There's a guy I know,
an Englishman called George Eltenton.

755
00:52:43,127 --> 00:52:46,119
He has contacts with the Soviet Embassy.

756
00:52:46,163 --> 00:52:49,826
If you felt there was
something the Soviets should have.

757
00:52:49,867 --> 00:52:52,358
Do you know what you're saying?

758
00:52:53,637 --> 00:52:57,630
(Laughs) Right.
What's keeping those two lovebirds?

759
00:52:57,741 --> 00:53:02,479
— I bet they're well into the champagne by now.
— They would too, those sons of bitches.

760
00:53:02,479 --> 00:53:05,812
— Oh, are you all right?
— Kitty.

761
00:53:05,849 --> 00:53:08,181
— Let Bob do it.
— Yes, please, let me do it.

762
00:53:08,218 --> 00:53:10,015
— Right.
— Stay here.

763
00:53:10,054 --> 00:53:12,045
(Both whispering)

764
00:53:13,057 --> 00:53:15,218
Sony It's one minute to, uh?

765
00:53:15,259 --> 00:53:17,420
— Right.
— Help me bring the bottles.

766
00:53:17,461 --> 00:53:19,554
And my glass.

767
00:53:19,596 --> 00:53:21,564
Look at this!

768
00:53:21,598 --> 00:53:24,726
One for you and for me.
Careful, don't get wet.

769
00:53:24,768 --> 00:53:27,396
— Any minute now.
— (Chiming)

770
00:53:27,438 --> 00:53:31,340
(All) Happy New Year!

771
00:53:33,077 --> 00:53:35,102
The radio, wait a minute. Wait.

772
00:53:35,145 --> 00:53:37,136
— We gotta sing.
— (All) Yes.

773
00:53:37,181 --> 00:53:39,479
(Radio blares and all talk at once)

774
00:53:47,157 --> 00:53:52,060


775
00:53:52,096 --> 00:53:56,192


776
00:53:56,233 --> 00:54:00,294


777
00:54:00,337 --> 00:54:04,239


778
00:54:04,274 --> 00:54:07,334


779
00:54:07,377 --> 00:54:09,038
(Laughter and chattering)

780
00:54:09,079 --> 00:54:12,014


781
00:54:12,049 --> 00:54:15,985


782
00:54:16,019 --> 00:54:19,853


783
00:54:24,962 --> 00:54:26,953
Happy New Year.

784
00:54:28,532 --> 00:54:31,467
— Anything happened?
— Are you kidding me?

785
00:54:36,473 --> 00:54:38,964
You know this is crazy.

786
00:54:39,009 --> 00:54:43,503
We sit here. How the hell
do we know what's going on inside?

787
00:54:44,882 --> 00:54:46,679
Relax, will you?

788
00:54:47,684 --> 00:54:51,677
We got a new directive
from Washington this morning.

789
00:54:51,722 --> 00:54:56,250
Tomorrow a couple of the technical boys
are gonna go inside,

790
00:54:56,293 --> 00:55:00,059
leave 'em a few New Year's presents
scattered around.

791
00:55:00,097 --> 00:55:03,498
In the phones, behind the pictures.

792
00:55:07,538 --> 00:55:10,632
(Distant chattering and laughter)

793
00:55:10,674 --> 00:55:12,665


794
00:55:12,709 --> 00:55:17,043