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♪♪

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Egypt... the richest source

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of archaeological treasures
on the planet.

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Oh, that's a fabulous one!

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♪♪

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Beneath this desert landscape...

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lies the secrets
of this ancient civilization.

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Wow, you can see why
the pharaohs chose this place.

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Now, for a full season of excavations,

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our cameras have been given
unprecedented access

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to follow teams on
the front line of archaeology...

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I'm driving so fast
because I'm so excited!

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It's an entrance. We can see an entrance.

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Revealing buried secrets...

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I have just been told
that they have found something.

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Oh my gosh.

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A sphinx!

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And making discoveries
that could rewrite ancient history.

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♪♪

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This time: the hunt for
the lost tomb of Queen Cleopatra.

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Colleen searches for clues
in the hieroglyphs...

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Here we see Cleopatra as the goddess Isis.

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Alejandro scans ancient mummies
in an Egyptian hospital...

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We have amulets.

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And Kathleen makes a startling discovery

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deep underground.

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Oh God.

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It goes in the direction of the temple.

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♪♪

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Ancient Egypt,

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a kingdom of great pharaohs
and a cradle of civilization.

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But after 3,000 years

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this rule came to an end
with the last pharaoh:

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Queen Cleopatra.

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For centuries,
this enigmatic woman

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has captured
the imagination of the world.

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But the location of
her tomb is still a mystery.

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Today archaeologists across Egypt
are on the hunt for clues.

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Renowned Egyptologists
Colleen and John Darnell

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are experts in decoding hieroglyphs.

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They're on their way
to the Valley of the Kings.

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We're headed to the location

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of the burials nearly every pharaoh
of the New Kingdom.

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The Valley
is a rabbit warren of 65 hidden tombs.

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They form one of the greatest
royal cemeteries in the world,

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but not all of them are finished.

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This morning we're going to

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the unfinished tomb of Ramses XI.

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It's the last tomb begun
in the Valley of the Kings,

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and many times
unfinished things in Egypt

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can actually tell you a little bit more
than the completed product.

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Ramses XI reigned
over 1,000 years before Cleopatra.

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But when he died,
his tomb was never used.

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So here you could see

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just the initial phases
of the tomb decoration,

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but it's already a beautiful
depiction of Ramses XI.

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We know exactly
who we're looking at

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because of his cartouches,
his name rings,

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in front of his face.

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Looks like they've laid out

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what would've been
remarkable illustrations and,

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and texts early in
the initial part of the tomb.

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The tomb of Ramses XI

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is located in the east
of the Valley of the Kings.

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Its cavernous chambers
and pillared halls

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reveal how the pharaoh
should have been buried.

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But the back of
the tomb is unfinished.

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After 500 years of Egypt's kings
and queens being buried in the Valley,

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Ramses' tomb marks the end of an era.

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Ramses XI abandoned
the Valley of the Kings,

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and no more pharaohs were buried here.

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This is very much the end of a legacy.

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This is the end of kings being
buried in the Valley of the Kings,

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but it's also the start of something new,

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of continued royal burial
that really ends with Cleopatra.

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Historians believe this royal burial site

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was abandoned because of looting.

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But no one has found the cemetery
for the last pharaohs of Egypt,

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Cleopatra and her family line.

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So where could it be?

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After the Valley fell out of use,

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eventually Egypt's seat of power
shifted north to Alexandria.

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♪♪

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The last great dynasty of pharaohs
established their capital here

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to exploit trade across
the Mediterranean Sea.

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Archaeologist Dr. Ross Thomas
from the British Museum

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is here exploring the ancient capital
for evidence that could lead to Cleopatra.

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The ancient city
housed about half a million people

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during the first century BC

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and it was one of the most
important ancient ports

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and ancient cities
of the Mediterranean.

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The port city of Alexandria

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was founded
by Alexander the Great

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who conquered Egypt 2,300 years ago.

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It was famed for its palaces,
statues, its library,

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and a colossal lighthouse
standing over 350 feet tall,

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one of the seven wonders
of the ancient world.

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During this time, Egypt was ruled
by the successors of Alexander,

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the Greek pharaohs called the Ptolemies.

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But this family line ended

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when the country was eventually
conquered by Rome,

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leaving the last pharaoh of Egypt...
Queen Cleopatra.

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♪♪

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Many archaeologists think Cleopatra
will be found in a royal cemetery

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somewhere in Alexandria,
the capital built by her own family.

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But searching here is difficult.

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The ancient city was hit
by a series of earthquakes

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and much of it now
lies beneath the waves.

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So do we have weights here?

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Yes.

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Atim, can we get my gear ready?

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Professor Emad Khalil
from Alexandria University

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began exploring the sunken city
over 20 years ago,

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keeping an eagle eye out
for Cleopatra's tomb.

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This has not been found
obviously in Alexandria yet,

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but as we always say, beneath Alexandria
there are other Alexandrias.

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Okay.

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The evidence
of Cleopatra's ancient capital

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is strewn across the seabed.

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Shards of pottery...

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huge columns...

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fallen obelisks...

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and what they believe is one of
the doorways to the famous lighthouse.

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♪♪

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There was scores
of columns and column bases,

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hundreds of blocks,

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really large structural blocks.

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I think we
managed to see a part of an obelisk,

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and part of a doorway of the lighthouse,

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so it is, it's really, really something.

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Yeah.

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Every dive provides new data
for Emad and Ross to research,

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but there's no sign of Cleopatra
or her family's graves.

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Well you'd assume

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that they'd want to be
buried in their own city.

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Normally what you have
is a royal cemetery

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with all the burials
for the kings and queens.

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But what if Cleopatra
wasn't buried in Alexandria at all?

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One woman thinks everyone has been
looking in the wrong place.

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♪♪

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Thirty miles west of Alexandria

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in an ancient city
called Taposiris Magna,

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there is a little-known temple.

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Here Kathleen Martinez,
a qualified lawyer

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turned archaeologist,
is on a quest.

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So this is one of
the exciting moments of an excavation.

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For the past decade,

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she has been building a case
that Queen Cleopatra is buried

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beneath this temple.

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I want to be an archaeologist

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since I was a child.

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But my parents
convinced me to study law,

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and I became a lawyer.

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But all this knowledge and this
information that I had as a lawyer,

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I combine with archaeology,

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and this is how I follow
Cleopatra's steps to Taposiris Magna.

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Kathleen is from
the Dominican Republic in the Caribbean,

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but 13 years ago,
she gave up her law work

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and started
excavating here at the temple.

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We have uncovered
so many important structures

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that prove this temple
functioned as a temple

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during the time of Queen Cleopatra
and the Greek pharaohs.

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So this could be the perfect place
for Cleopatra's lost tomb.

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At the age of 18,
Cleopatra became pharaoh

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when her father Ptolemy XII died.

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She went on to rule for 21 years.

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Faced with the threat
of a Roman invasion,

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she formed alliances with the enemy,

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first wooing Julius Caesar
and bearing his child,

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followed by a relationship
with Mark Antony.

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But in 31 BC, the Roman navy,
led by Octavian, attacked Egypt.

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To avoid capture, legend has it
that Cleopatra committed suicide

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with the bite of a venomous snake.

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♪♪

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She threatened Rome
and Romans were afraid of her.

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She thought she could conquer the world,
even though she was a woman.

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She was a warrior,
and she achieved the impossible,

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and this is why she is my heroine

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and I will try to do everything I can
to find her tomb.

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Kathleen believes Cleopatra
could be buried somewhere around the site.

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This season, she has a promising lead
300 feet outside the temple walls:

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a strange hollow in the ground.

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We found a cut.

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It's a cut in the bedrock.
It's a shaft.

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And we are trying to find out what...
Where it lead us.

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Kathleen believes the shaft
could lead to Cleopatra's lost tomb,

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hidden deep underground,

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but trying to excavate
this site is a dangerous process.

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Come on, mate.

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Don’t mess with those ropes.

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It's dangerous
because if the bucket turned around,

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it could hit the guys
which are down there.

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With the potential to break through

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into an underground cavity,

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they're worried the floor of the shaft
could suddenly collapse.

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Any second, it could go down.

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It's an entrance.
We can see an entrance.

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It's a huge discovery.

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The shaft leads to an underground tunnel.

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It's so exciting.

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I need to see what is in there.

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It has been hidden for 2,000 years.

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Across Egypt,
the hunt for lost tombs continues.

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Five hundred miles south from Alexandria
is the ancient city of Aswan.

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It's here that Spanish archaeologist
Alejandro Jiménez-Serrano

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leads a large mission working
at the ancient necropolis

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of Qubbet el-Hawa.

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The site is home to one of the largest
sets of intact tombs in Egypt.

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Alejandro is searching for
unmarked graves and lost tombs.

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This sprawling site is even older
than the Valley of the Kings,

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and is thought to be the burial site
of many wealthy nobles.

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Today he's working in
one of the ancient tombs,

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trying to identify
who was buried there.

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Unfortunately, it has no inscriptions

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so we don't the owner or the family
who occupy this tomb.

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We can only say which period,
when it was built,

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because of the style.

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But deep inside this tomb,

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the team has just unearthed
two buried mummies.

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As they clear the sand away,
Alejandro makes a startling discovery:

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it's the edge of a beautiful
golden death mask.

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Wow!

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Death masks are often made

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of layers of linen
or recycled papyrus

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and then soaked in plaster.

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This forms a tough material a bit like
paper mache, called cartonnage.

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While still wet,
the cartonnage is molded

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to resemble the face of the deceased,
and then painted.

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Often the name of the person
was written on the mask,

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along with inscriptions to help
transport the deceased into the afterlife.

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This ancient funeral practice
continued for over 2,000 years,

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right up to the time of Cleopatra.

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And
the quality of the cartonnage is amazing,

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the colors and it has text

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and it seems that it will be possible
to read the name of the original owner.

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But before Alejandro can
try to put a name to this ancient body,

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his team will need
to extract the fragile mask.

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They use soft paintbrushes
to remove the sand grain by grain,

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and then strengthen the mask
with paper coated with resin

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to stop it from breaking.

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It's a privilege and it's amazing to...

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To, to have the opportunity to,

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to work with untouched material.

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Back at Taposiris Magna...

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They take such good care of me.

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They are not used to women
going down the shaft.

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Kathleen Martinez is descending

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into a 2,000-year-old shaft.

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Yes. Going down.

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She believes it could lead her

251
00:16:41,480 --> 00:16:43,920
to the lost tomb of Queen Cleopatra.

252
00:16:48,080 --> 00:16:50,000
But there's a problem.

253
00:16:50,080 --> 00:16:54,840
God! The tunnels are full of water.

254
00:16:55,800 --> 00:16:58,960
The vertical shaft descends 20 feet down

255
00:16:59,040 --> 00:17:01,000
and leads to two narrow tunnels.

256
00:17:01,680 --> 00:17:07,520
We have tunnel
which is perfectly cut in the bedrock.

257
00:17:07,600 --> 00:17:11,400
One it seems to lead to the north,

258
00:17:12,520 --> 00:17:15,280
and the other goes to the south.

259
00:17:21,080 --> 00:17:23,240
The fact the tunnels are flooded

260
00:17:23,320 --> 00:17:25,920
makes any further exploration
very difficult,

261
00:17:26,000 --> 00:17:28,160
but Kathleen is keen to push on.

262
00:17:29,040 --> 00:17:30,560
Okay, look.

263
00:17:30,640 --> 00:17:33,160
Oh God, so creepy, look!

264
00:17:36,760 --> 00:17:40,200
At the end of
the tunnel there is a door.

265
00:17:40,800 --> 00:17:43,960
But it's almost completely
covered with water.

266
00:17:44,840 --> 00:17:47,560
Now she can see
the quality of the stonework

267
00:17:47,640 --> 00:17:50,480
and how much effort it would've taken
to create these tunnels.

268
00:17:51,240 --> 00:17:54,360
Kathleen is sure they must
lead to somewhere important.

269
00:17:55,280 --> 00:17:56,960
I tried to go inside but then

270
00:17:57,040 --> 00:18:02,160
the level is deeper
and I almost fall down,

271
00:18:02,240 --> 00:18:06,560
so... I need to pump up the water.

272
00:18:07,800 --> 00:18:10,920
I have to, I have to explore this door.

273
00:18:18,920 --> 00:18:22,080
♪♪

274
00:18:31,520 --> 00:18:33,800
Kathleen will need to find a water pump

275
00:18:33,880 --> 00:18:36,880
before she can explore
the flooded tunnels any further.

276
00:18:38,760 --> 00:18:40,960
You cannot walk there, or crawl,

277
00:18:41,040 --> 00:18:43,000
because of the water, it's, it's unsafe.

278
00:18:44,040 --> 00:18:47,960
It will one of the greatest adventures
in the excavation now

279
00:18:48,040 --> 00:18:50,120
because we need to know
what is in there.

280
00:18:52,080 --> 00:18:55,080
Kathleen
is convinced Cleopatra's lost tomb

281
00:18:55,160 --> 00:18:57,520
is hidden somewhere around this site.

282
00:18:58,600 --> 00:19:02,600
She has evidence the temple is linked
to the Egyptian goddess Isis.

283
00:19:03,760 --> 00:19:07,120
Kathleen thinks this is
her biggest clue so far.

284
00:19:07,760 --> 00:19:09,600
We have archaeological evidence

285
00:19:09,680 --> 00:19:12,160
that the temple was maybe the most

286
00:19:12,240 --> 00:19:15,240
important religious center
for Isis in the north,

287
00:19:15,320 --> 00:19:19,960
and the thing we know
about Queen Cleopatra

288
00:19:20,040 --> 00:19:23,240
is that she was buried
in a temple of Isis.

289
00:19:23,320 --> 00:19:27,800
So it could be a perfect place
for Cleopatra's lost tomb.

290
00:19:31,160 --> 00:19:32,960
But who was Isis,

291
00:19:33,040 --> 00:19:35,480
and how is she
connected to Cleopatra?

292
00:19:38,960 --> 00:19:42,360
Three hundred and eighty miles
south of Taposiris Magna,

293
00:19:42,440 --> 00:19:44,080
on the banks of the river Nile,

294
00:19:44,160 --> 00:19:46,360
is the temple complex
of Dendera.

295
00:19:48,760 --> 00:19:52,520
Parts of this vast temple site
are dedicated to Isis,

296
00:19:53,360 --> 00:19:56,680
who was a well-loved Egyptian goddess
in Cleopatra's time.

297
00:20:02,240 --> 00:20:06,480
It's here that Dr. Colleen Darnell
continues her own search

298
00:20:06,560 --> 00:20:10,160
for clues to Cleopatra's life,
written in the hieroglyphs.

299
00:20:11,160 --> 00:20:13,760
We're walking to the temple at Dendera,

300
00:20:13,840 --> 00:20:18,280
and one of the most significant scenes
here is a depiction of Cleopatra.

301
00:20:26,840 --> 00:20:30,200
The temple
was first built 2,000 years ago

302
00:20:30,280 --> 00:20:33,640
and became a major place of worship
for ordinary Egyptians.

303
00:20:35,760 --> 00:20:37,400
Through the centuries,

304
00:20:37,480 --> 00:20:40,880
a succession of pharaohs carved
their names and images here

305
00:20:40,960 --> 00:20:43,840
so they could be worshipped,
including Cleopatra.

306
00:20:48,880 --> 00:20:52,120
So the title here is lord of the two lands

307
00:20:52,200 --> 00:20:57,000
referring to Upper and Lower Egypt,
Cleo-pat-ra.

308
00:20:58,960 --> 00:21:01,880
Cleopatra made a shrewd decision...

309
00:21:01,960 --> 00:21:05,560
On the temple she wears
the symbolic headdress of Isis.

310
00:21:05,640 --> 00:21:08,160
Here we see the famous representation

311
00:21:08,240 --> 00:21:11,040
of Cleopatra as Goddess Isis.

312
00:21:12,200 --> 00:21:15,440
Here we have Cleopatra
and her son Caesarion.

313
00:21:15,520 --> 00:21:18,760
So Cleopatra has a long wig,

314
00:21:18,840 --> 00:21:22,880
the horns and sun disk,
and ostrich feathers behind that.

315
00:21:24,560 --> 00:21:27,600
Cleopatra
wanted to be seen by her subjects

316
00:21:27,680 --> 00:21:30,160
as the earthly incarnation of Isis.

317
00:21:31,840 --> 00:21:34,040
She was making a profound connection

318
00:21:34,120 --> 00:21:36,720
with one of the most popular
goddesses of the time.

319
00:21:39,520 --> 00:21:42,760
Isis was famed for her powers
of healing and protection

320
00:21:42,840 --> 00:21:45,720
and was adored by both
Egyptians and Greeks.

321
00:21:49,200 --> 00:21:53,000
By immortalizing herself
as Isis on the temple wall,

322
00:21:53,080 --> 00:21:57,360
Cleopatra hoped to keep the full
support and love of her people.

323
00:21:58,520 --> 00:21:59,760
And it worked.

324
00:22:02,720 --> 00:22:06,160
For Cleopatra
to step into the role of Isis

325
00:22:06,240 --> 00:22:09,440
really proclaimed her identity
as divine ruler.

326
00:22:15,640 --> 00:22:17,840
At Taposiris Magna,

327
00:22:17,920 --> 00:22:20,920
Kathleen thinks Cleopatra's
Isis connection could mean

328
00:22:21,000 --> 00:22:23,280
she's buried somewhere
beneath the temple.

329
00:22:24,400 --> 00:22:29,120
Now, the team is pumping out the water
from the flooded underground tunnels,

330
00:22:29,200 --> 00:22:32,360
but it's going to take
a while before she can explore.

331
00:22:33,240 --> 00:22:35,320
It's working. Oh!

332
00:22:36,320 --> 00:22:38,120
Alhamdulillah.

333
00:22:38,200 --> 00:22:40,760
It's a big relief to see it working.

334
00:22:40,840 --> 00:22:45,400
Imagine, today or tomorrow we,
we're going to be able to, to explore.

335
00:22:45,480 --> 00:22:47,000
It's so exciting!

336
00:22:47,720 --> 00:22:50,200
Kathleen
believes Cleopatra could be buried

337
00:22:50,280 --> 00:22:51,960
in an underground chamber,

338
00:22:52,040 --> 00:22:54,480
and the tunnels could lead her to it.

339
00:22:54,560 --> 00:22:58,640
She originally found the location
of the shaft using radar technology,

340
00:22:58,720 --> 00:23:02,000
but with the potential for
a huge discovery just feet away,

341
00:23:02,720 --> 00:23:05,960
she has brought in more sensitive
military-grade equipment

342
00:23:06,040 --> 00:23:07,800
to look deeper into the rock.

343
00:23:08,200 --> 00:23:11,000
For me the future of the excavation

344
00:23:11,080 --> 00:23:12,720
is ground-penetrating radar.

345
00:23:12,800 --> 00:23:16,320
It's a technology that was
used for military purposes,

346
00:23:16,400 --> 00:23:18,760
searching for tunnels
and searching for cavities,

347
00:23:18,840 --> 00:23:22,560
and this technology is perfect
for what I am looking for.

348
00:23:24,440 --> 00:23:27,200
So we, we can work here,
make a profile here?

349
00:23:28,880 --> 00:23:31,520
As they move the radar scanner along,

350
00:23:31,600 --> 00:23:34,800
it fires radio wave pulses
into the ground.

351
00:23:39,600 --> 00:23:43,080
So here we are
going about 15 meter depth.

352
00:23:43,840 --> 00:23:47,520
The data from the scan
will have to be sent away for analysis.

353
00:23:48,880 --> 00:23:52,840
It should reveal any hollow
cavities hidden underground,

354
00:23:52,920 --> 00:23:57,400
and possibly even the location
of Cleopatra's burial chamber.

355
00:23:57,480 --> 00:24:01,560
I always,
you know, so excited about this.

356
00:24:03,560 --> 00:24:05,920
Back at the excavation site,

357
00:24:06,000 --> 00:24:08,280
everything is resting on
the team pumping the water

358
00:24:08,360 --> 00:24:10,840
from the underground tunnels.

359
00:24:17,680 --> 00:24:20,040
Whilst work continues at the dig,

360
00:24:20,120 --> 00:24:23,880
in Cairo, Kathleen is attending
an important event.

361
00:24:26,080 --> 00:24:27,120
It's nice.

362
00:24:27,200 --> 00:24:28,720
It... What do you think?

363
00:24:28,800 --> 00:24:30,440
It's nice. Oh my God!

364
00:24:30,520 --> 00:24:32,720
At the Egyptian Museum,

365
00:24:32,800 --> 00:24:35,280
hundreds of Kathleen's finds
have been chosen

366
00:24:35,360 --> 00:24:38,080
to go on display
for the very first time.

367
00:24:38,920 --> 00:24:42,080
They all come from her site
at Taposiris Magna,

368
00:24:42,160 --> 00:24:44,840
unearthed over
10 years of excavation.

369
00:24:45,640 --> 00:24:49,600
Kathleen believes each piece
adds further weight to her theory

370
00:24:49,680 --> 00:24:51,920
that Cleopatra could be buried there.

371
00:24:53,240 --> 00:24:56,280
We, we discover around 200 coins.

372
00:24:57,240 --> 00:25:03,200
For example, this is a coin
of Queen Cleopatra.

373
00:25:03,920 --> 00:25:07,160
Can you imagine that I've been
searching for Queen Cleopatra

374
00:25:07,240 --> 00:25:10,760
and this is the first time
I was face-to-face with my heroine.

375
00:25:10,840 --> 00:25:13,520
It was a moment
so exciting in excavation.

376
00:25:14,600 --> 00:25:17,120
Yes, we are going
to change this one.

377
00:25:17,200 --> 00:25:18,600
This one? I get it.

378
00:25:18,680 --> 00:25:20,400
For this one, yes.

379
00:25:20,480 --> 00:25:24,560
I was thinking now, when I was a kid
in the Dominican Republic

380
00:25:24,640 --> 00:25:30,360
and I dream one day to
make discoveries in Egypt,

381
00:25:30,440 --> 00:25:32,840
and everybody in Dominican,

382
00:25:32,920 --> 00:25:36,600
my teachers, my parents,
told me this will never happen,

383
00:25:36,680 --> 00:25:41,400
and now we are
presenting 350 objects.

384
00:25:42,200 --> 00:25:44,200
♪♪

385
00:25:51,280 --> 00:25:54,200
For someone who started
as an amateur archaeologist,

386
00:25:54,280 --> 00:25:57,680
Kathleen now has the eyes of
the world looking at her finds.

387
00:25:57,760 --> 00:26:01,960
We had a desire to change history.

388
00:26:03,800 --> 00:26:08,440
It's one of the greatest
moments in my life.

389
00:26:08,960 --> 00:26:13,440
Of course, the exhibition,
it's only a presentation of work

390
00:26:13,520 --> 00:26:16,520
but the real work,
the one we're really excited about,

391
00:26:16,600 --> 00:26:19,560
is to be onsite and,
and continue searching.

392
00:26:24,840 --> 00:26:27,120
Back at the dig site,

393
00:26:27,200 --> 00:26:28,880
there's a problem
with the water pump.

394
00:26:30,720 --> 00:26:33,160
Straighten it.

395
00:26:34,000 --> 00:26:35,760
Mohamed, what happened?

396
00:26:36,720 --> 00:26:39,760
I don't know,
maybe the electricity was not working.

397
00:26:39,840 --> 00:26:41,440
- Cut?
- MOHAMED Cut, yeah.

398
00:26:41,520 --> 00:26:42,680
It's not working now?

399
00:26:42,760 --> 00:26:44,120
No, it's stopped.

400
00:26:45,440 --> 00:26:47,040
Can you imagine after all this effort

401
00:26:47,120 --> 00:26:49,120
now there's no electricity
in the area.

402
00:26:50,160 --> 00:26:54,200
And only a few hours
left today and next,

403
00:26:54,280 --> 00:26:56,400
and tomorrow, that's it.

404
00:26:56,480 --> 00:26:59,680
Kathleen's
government permit to dig at the site

405
00:26:59,760 --> 00:27:02,000
only lasts for one more day.

406
00:27:02,080 --> 00:27:06,120
She's now racing against the clock
to explore the underground tunnels.

407
00:27:07,960 --> 00:27:10,200
We face so many challenges.

408
00:27:11,840 --> 00:27:14,400
But we don't,
we, we never give up.

409
00:27:17,960 --> 00:27:19,960
♪♪

410
00:27:24,040 --> 00:27:27,640
At the 4,000-year-old necropolis
of Qubbet el-Hawa...

411
00:27:29,720 --> 00:27:32,800
Alejandro's team have
unearthed a very rare death mask

412
00:27:32,880 --> 00:27:35,360
made of a material called cartonnage.

413
00:27:36,240 --> 00:27:40,520
He hopes the mask will tell him the name
of the person buried in the tomb,

414
00:27:40,600 --> 00:27:44,360
but decoding the hieroglyphs
painted across the golden surface

415
00:27:44,440 --> 00:27:45,880
is proving difficult.

416
00:27:46,480 --> 00:27:49,760
I cannot
read properly the, the, all the signs.

417
00:27:50,600 --> 00:27:55,400
It will be better to do it after
the consolidation and cleaning.

418
00:27:57,240 --> 00:28:00,760
Alejandro's team
has started the painstaking process

419
00:28:00,840 --> 00:28:02,600
of extracting the mask.

420
00:28:04,320 --> 00:28:07,320
Their job is made even harder
as it's embedded

421
00:28:07,400 --> 00:28:09,600
under the bones of its owner.

422
00:28:09,680 --> 00:28:13,000
It's quite a delicate moment

423
00:28:13,080 --> 00:28:16,880
because we have
human remains that are touching

424
00:28:16,960 --> 00:28:19,400
and we don't want
to destroy the cartonnage.

425
00:28:22,200 --> 00:28:24,520
They are taking off the cartonnage.

426
00:28:26,440 --> 00:28:27,760
Genius.

427
00:28:27,840 --> 00:28:30,280
The ancient mask is carefully removed,

428
00:28:30,360 --> 00:28:34,760
but comes out in several parts,
held together with resin and paper

429
00:28:34,840 --> 00:28:36,680
to prevent any further damage.

430
00:28:36,760 --> 00:28:38,400
It is really amazing.

431
00:28:42,840 --> 00:28:44,740
And I'm simply now checking
if there was name or not.

432
00:28:44,760 --> 00:28:47,000
Yes, there are more hieroglyphs.

433
00:28:49,000 --> 00:28:50,280
Here is the name.

434
00:28:50,360 --> 00:28:55,960
It's for the soul
of Seti Hacaib a Inet.

435
00:28:57,040 --> 00:29:00,120
Alejandro can now
put a name to the unknown body.

436
00:29:01,200 --> 00:29:04,560
But he still doesn't know their job,
or role in society.

437
00:29:06,040 --> 00:29:08,880
We have now to look in the publications

438
00:29:08,960 --> 00:29:12,440
if we have any reference
in the neighborhood

439
00:29:12,520 --> 00:29:13,920
or in other documents.

440
00:29:14,560 --> 00:29:17,960
And, um, but it, it's amazing.

441
00:29:18,920 --> 00:29:21,880
The death mask
is now taken to their on-site lab

442
00:29:21,960 --> 00:29:23,400
for further analysis.

443
00:29:23,720 --> 00:29:27,120
The team will try to piece it
back together like a jigsaw puzzle.

444
00:29:27,760 --> 00:29:31,640
There could still be more secrets to be
revealed about this mysterious man.

445
00:29:33,760 --> 00:29:35,760
♪♪

446
00:29:38,000 --> 00:29:41,040
In Aswan,
on the other side of the site,

447
00:29:41,120 --> 00:29:44,520
Alejandro has unearthed
several mummies still intact.

448
00:29:45,800 --> 00:29:49,320
He's searching for clues to their identity
which may lie hidden

449
00:29:49,400 --> 00:29:51,560
within the ancient bandages.

450
00:29:51,640 --> 00:29:53,640
But to keep them intact,

451
00:29:53,720 --> 00:29:56,960
archaeologists are no longer
allowed to open up the wrappings.

452
00:29:57,880 --> 00:30:00,320
One hundred years ago

453
00:30:00,400 --> 00:30:02,520
it was common
just to cut the wrappings.

454
00:30:02,600 --> 00:30:08,880
Today we are lucky to
have non-invasive techniques,

455
00:30:08,960 --> 00:30:14,760
and the idea is that we are going to take
to the university hospital in Aswan

456
00:30:14,840 --> 00:30:17,840
where they have very good CT scans.

457
00:30:19,560 --> 00:30:21,280
By scanning the bodies,

458
00:30:21,360 --> 00:30:24,040
Alejandro hopes to
examine how they died,

459
00:30:24,120 --> 00:30:28,040
also to see if there are any
funerary objects hidden inside.

460
00:30:29,320 --> 00:30:32,040
We have
the possibility that he could have

461
00:30:32,120 --> 00:30:34,880
a dagger or a metal object inside.

462
00:30:34,960 --> 00:30:40,920
We could confirm the age of death,
if he suffer any kind of disease.

463
00:30:41,000 --> 00:30:44,760
Definitely the CT scan
will tell us a lot of information.

464
00:30:51,320 --> 00:30:53,000
In the Valley of the Kings,

465
00:30:53,080 --> 00:30:55,840
John and Colleen Darnell
continue their search

466
00:30:55,920 --> 00:30:59,320
for clues to Cleopatra's life
and untimely death.

467
00:31:02,200 --> 00:31:05,560
Deep in the tomb of
Pharaoh Seti the first,

468
00:31:05,640 --> 00:31:08,000
they're examining inscriptions
that could shed light

469
00:31:08,080 --> 00:31:10,840
on how Cleopatra
chose to commit suicide.

470
00:31:14,440 --> 00:31:16,440
♪♪

471
00:31:21,240 --> 00:31:23,440
The tombs of
the Valley of the Kings

472
00:31:23,520 --> 00:31:26,680
were built during a golden age
in Egyptian civilization.

473
00:31:28,760 --> 00:31:31,600
Treasures and decorations
reveal the symbolism

474
00:31:31,680 --> 00:31:34,360
that played a key role
in their belief system.

475
00:31:35,880 --> 00:31:40,080
The tomb of Pharaoh Seti the first
lies in the southeast of the Valley.

476
00:31:41,040 --> 00:31:43,920
It's the deepest
and most widely decorated.

477
00:31:45,000 --> 00:31:48,200
Painted on its walls are
images of gods and goddesses

478
00:31:48,280 --> 00:31:50,600
that lay at the heart of Egyptian society.

479
00:31:51,640 --> 00:31:55,560
Forming a belief system which
continued until Cleopatra's time.

480
00:31:59,440 --> 00:32:01,320
Here deep in the tomb of Seti I,

481
00:32:01,400 --> 00:32:05,600
we see a fantastic depiction
of the goddess Wadjet.

482
00:32:05,680 --> 00:32:07,560
She's labelled
here in the hieroglyphs

483
00:32:07,640 --> 00:32:10,880
and she is the cobra
who sits on the brow of the king.

484
00:32:11,680 --> 00:32:14,880
Wadjet was the protector
of Egypt and of its pharaohs.

485
00:32:15,640 --> 00:32:19,840
She often took the form of a snake,
usually an Egyptian cobra.

486
00:32:20,440 --> 00:32:25,040
Legend has it that Cleopatra killed
herself with the bite of a poisonous snake

487
00:32:25,400 --> 00:32:27,880
when trapped by
the invading Roman army.

488
00:32:29,120 --> 00:32:31,880
This depiction is over 1,000 years

489
00:32:31,960 --> 00:32:33,800
before the suicide of Cleopatra,

490
00:32:33,880 --> 00:32:37,720
and fact that she chooses
this ancient symbol of the pharaohs...

491
00:32:37,800 --> 00:32:40,360
The asp, the cobra,
to commit suicide...

492
00:32:40,440 --> 00:32:43,880
She's taking
the ultimate royal symbol.

493
00:32:43,960 --> 00:32:49,880
She wants to be linked in to the earlier,
the deep, ancient past of Egypt.

494
00:32:51,480 --> 00:32:54,280
Cleopatra, through her life and death,

495
00:32:54,360 --> 00:32:57,560
was obsessed with
the traditions of ancient Egypt.

496
00:33:01,720 --> 00:33:06,200
At Taposiris Magna, Kathleen
believes she's getting ever closer

497
00:33:06,280 --> 00:33:08,400
to finding Cleopatra's lost tomb.

498
00:33:09,960 --> 00:33:12,720
As the dig season
is coming to an end,

499
00:33:12,800 --> 00:33:16,560
she's desperate to see if the underground
tunnels lead to a burial chamber.

500
00:33:18,560 --> 00:33:19,560
Is it working?

501
00:33:19,640 --> 00:33:22,520
Yes, because
electricity today is good, you see.

502
00:33:22,600 --> 00:33:26,120
Her team have now been
pumping out water for two days,

503
00:33:26,200 --> 00:33:28,920
but power cuts have
severely hindered progress.

504
00:33:30,720 --> 00:33:32,240
Water.

505
00:33:33,000 --> 00:33:35,800
Maybe we, we can... I can go down

506
00:33:35,880 --> 00:33:39,080
and try to see and I will explore.

507
00:33:42,520 --> 00:33:44,040
Shall we start?

508
00:33:44,120 --> 00:33:46,200
Uh-huh. I am ready.

509
00:33:51,440 --> 00:33:53,560
- Okay.
- Bye-bye.

510
00:34:00,560 --> 00:34:01,560
Oh!

511
00:34:02,680 --> 00:34:05,040
So, let's see this door.

512
00:34:09,120 --> 00:34:12,720
This is the first time Kathleen
has been able to explore the tunnels.

513
00:34:12,800 --> 00:34:14,600
Oh God.

514
00:34:18,160 --> 00:34:21,480
She starts with the one
leading away from the temple.

515
00:34:24,760 --> 00:34:26,000
The tunnel

516
00:34:26,800 --> 00:34:27,840
still...

517
00:34:27,920 --> 00:34:29,040
You see?

518
00:34:30,200 --> 00:34:33,080
You can see it still continues.

519
00:34:38,480 --> 00:34:39,680
It continues...

520
00:34:42,800 --> 00:34:44,280
There is still water here.

521
00:34:45,880 --> 00:34:48,080
We will go in another direction now.

522
00:34:48,920 --> 00:34:51,440
With the way forward still flooded,

523
00:34:51,520 --> 00:34:52,920
Kathleen has to turn back.

524
00:34:53,600 --> 00:34:56,160
She now explores the second tunnel.

525
00:35:02,000 --> 00:35:03,320
Oh, it turns.

526
00:35:04,280 --> 00:35:06,760
I will go a little bit more then.

527
00:35:11,880 --> 00:35:13,320
Oh, oh, oh, oh.

528
00:35:17,720 --> 00:35:18,840
Oh!

529
00:35:20,960 --> 00:35:22,240
It continues.

530
00:35:22,720 --> 00:35:25,320
It goes in the direction
of the temple.

531
00:35:26,960 --> 00:35:31,640
You see, it's a huge cut, they made
in the bedrock here, to turn.

532
00:35:33,920 --> 00:35:35,640
This is a great discovery.

533
00:35:36,960 --> 00:35:41,280
Definitely something very important
is happening down here.

534
00:35:42,840 --> 00:35:45,640
These tunnels
would have taken months or even years

535
00:35:45,720 --> 00:35:47,320
to carve out by hand.

536
00:35:47,920 --> 00:35:50,480
Ah! Alhamdulillah.

537
00:35:51,560 --> 00:35:54,720
Kathleen believes
they must lead somewhere important.

538
00:35:55,240 --> 00:35:58,360
It was incredible.

539
00:35:59,280 --> 00:36:02,880
Now we know a lot
about this shaft.

540
00:36:02,960 --> 00:36:07,440
Unfortunately, we could not see
the end of this tunnel.

541
00:36:07,520 --> 00:36:09,520
There was a lot of water.

542
00:36:10,120 --> 00:36:12,400
With her permit about to expire,

543
00:36:12,480 --> 00:36:15,480
Kathleen's excavation
must come to an end,

544
00:36:15,560 --> 00:36:17,640
But there is still
a chance that the data

545
00:36:17,720 --> 00:36:22,720
from the ground-penetrating radar might
reveal if the tunnels lead to a tomb.

546
00:36:22,800 --> 00:36:26,400
Now we are waiting for the GPR results,

547
00:36:26,480 --> 00:36:30,320
so I have to be patient and, and wait.

548
00:36:41,040 --> 00:36:45,320
In Aswan, Alejandro
is preparing for a night-time mission.

549
00:36:45,400 --> 00:36:48,280
He's about to transport
six ancient mummies

550
00:36:48,360 --> 00:36:50,720
across the city to a local hospital.

551
00:36:52,240 --> 00:36:55,880
He's arranged to use
their medical scanner out of hours

552
00:36:55,960 --> 00:36:59,800
to see what may lie hidden
inside these ancient bodies.

553
00:36:59,880 --> 00:37:03,880
Mahmut, can you and Osama go inside?

554
00:37:05,000 --> 00:37:08,240
For security,
a police escort joins the convoy.

555
00:37:12,000 --> 00:37:15,680
Tonight we are going to do the CT scan.

556
00:37:16,320 --> 00:37:18,920
The idea is to use
a non-invasive technology.

557
00:37:19,400 --> 00:37:24,920
To try to know something
about how they were buried,

558
00:37:25,000 --> 00:37:29,320
the pathologies, the possible
diseases that they suffer,

559
00:37:29,400 --> 00:37:31,920
the cause of death, gender, age.

560
00:37:32,600 --> 00:37:34,560
The CT scanner should be able

561
00:37:34,640 --> 00:37:37,240
to see through the wrappings
to the bones below,

562
00:37:37,320 --> 00:37:41,560
but Alejandro is still worried
about damaging the fragile remains.

563
00:37:41,640 --> 00:37:44,240
Mummies are very delicate,

564
00:37:44,320 --> 00:37:47,920
so you have to think that they,
they have been wrapped

565
00:37:48,000 --> 00:37:50,560
more than 2,000 years ago,

566
00:37:50,640 --> 00:37:52,920
so they might suffer damages.

567
00:37:53,880 --> 00:37:55,840
Well, let's go.

568
00:37:59,000 --> 00:38:00,560
Hello?

569
00:38:00,640 --> 00:38:02,400
Inshallah.
We, yeah, yeah, yeah...

570
00:38:02,480 --> 00:38:05,840
We, we will arrive in five,
ten minutes maximum, okay?

571
00:38:06,320 --> 00:38:07,640
Ooph.

572
00:38:09,840 --> 00:38:14,160
We have to, to take this opportunity
to get as much information as possible.

573
00:38:15,520 --> 00:38:17,720
So we will see.

574
00:38:21,160 --> 00:38:23,560
Alejandro's night-time activities

575
00:38:23,640 --> 00:38:26,040
have attracted the attention
of the local press.

576
00:38:27,960 --> 00:38:31,240
I will ask to the journalists please

577
00:38:31,320 --> 00:38:34,480
to leave to the specialists
to make their work.

578
00:38:34,560 --> 00:38:36,920
Please, which one
we will start now, which one?

579
00:38:37,000 --> 00:38:38,680
Yeah, this one.

580
00:38:38,760 --> 00:38:40,720
Thank you, okay.

581
00:38:41,760 --> 00:38:44,000
- You're ready?
- Yes.

582
00:38:45,240 --> 00:38:47,160
The mummies are wrapped in cloth

583
00:38:47,240 --> 00:38:49,360
for added protection
inside the scanner.

584
00:38:50,760 --> 00:38:54,480
It works by taking a series of x-rays
at different angles

585
00:38:54,560 --> 00:38:57,160
to create a three-dimensional
image of the body.

586
00:39:01,080 --> 00:39:05,040
We are
just checking if the scan was done right.

587
00:39:05,720 --> 00:39:08,480
So far, very little
is known about these mummies,

588
00:39:08,560 --> 00:39:11,640
like how they died,
and whether they were old or young.

589
00:39:12,400 --> 00:39:15,560
Alejandro is trying to piece
together their identities,

590
00:39:15,640 --> 00:39:18,920
hoping to discover any new clues
to make sense of their lives,

591
00:39:19,000 --> 00:39:20,880
and ultimately, their deaths.

592
00:39:20,960 --> 00:39:22,960
Was he old?

593
00:39:24,440 --> 00:39:29,000
The first analysis of the body shows
that he was over 60 when he died.

594
00:39:30,640 --> 00:39:33,280
So now I have to choose
who is going to be the next.

595
00:39:35,320 --> 00:39:37,760
Okay? Let's go.

596
00:39:42,080 --> 00:39:45,840
Well, now we have
something very interesting.

597
00:39:46,440 --> 00:39:49,840
Interpreted that the mummy
was going to be a man,

598
00:39:49,920 --> 00:39:52,400
but it seems that it is a woman.

599
00:39:52,480 --> 00:39:54,560
We didn't, we didn't expect that.

600
00:39:59,520 --> 00:40:01,800
As the final body enters the scanner,

601
00:40:01,880 --> 00:40:04,480
the archaeologists
spot something amazing.

602
00:40:05,800 --> 00:40:07,360
It has amulets.

603
00:40:07,440 --> 00:40:09,720
Si.

604
00:40:10,280 --> 00:40:12,040
We have amulets.

605
00:40:12,120 --> 00:40:15,200
Together with the scarab,
a wing, winged scarab.

606
00:40:15,560 --> 00:40:16,880
Sign of Horus.

607
00:40:16,960 --> 00:40:18,440
Ah-ha.

608
00:40:21,760 --> 00:40:25,040
The scan reveals
an elaborate carved amulet

609
00:40:25,120 --> 00:40:26,920
in the shape of a scarab beetle.

610
00:40:28,240 --> 00:40:33,360
Funerary amulets were often used by the
elite to protect the soul of the deceased.

611
00:40:34,520 --> 00:40:37,280
And the scarab beetle
symbolized rebirth.

612
00:40:39,600 --> 00:40:43,200
The scarab was placed
over the position of the heart

613
00:40:43,280 --> 00:40:45,400
and often had spells written on it.

614
00:40:46,840 --> 00:40:50,080
These spells gave instructions
to the person's heart

615
00:40:50,160 --> 00:40:52,560
to help them during
the judgment of their soul.

616
00:40:57,520 --> 00:41:00,280
It's the first time that I can see them

617
00:41:00,360 --> 00:41:02,600
in the, in the position in,

618
00:41:02,680 --> 00:41:05,960
in its position in the body, so, exciting.

619
00:41:06,720 --> 00:41:10,440
Out of the nine mummies
Alejandro's team have scanned,

620
00:41:10,520 --> 00:41:14,440
this is the only one to have
an amulet still in its original position.

621
00:41:15,920 --> 00:41:20,960
With such a precious find,
Alejandro can wrap up his night on a high.

622
00:41:22,160 --> 00:41:27,840
Now it's 12:00 and,
hmm, I'm completely exhausted.

623
00:41:32,080 --> 00:41:33,840
Thank you.

624
00:41:37,000 --> 00:41:38,840
At Taposiris Magna,

625
00:41:38,920 --> 00:41:43,000
Kathleen has received news about
her radar search for Cleopatra's tomb.

626
00:41:44,040 --> 00:41:48,120
Today is the last day
and the people which are doing the radar,

627
00:41:48,200 --> 00:41:51,640
they're bringing the result
and they just told me,

628
00:41:51,720 --> 00:41:53,760
"We have great news for you."

629
00:42:00,400 --> 00:42:04,080
So tell me what is
the good news we have?

630
00:42:08,960 --> 00:42:09,960
We've found...

631
00:42:10,720 --> 00:42:12,480
It's like a cavity, a big cavity.

632
00:42:12,560 --> 00:42:14,000
Possible chamber?

633
00:42:14,080 --> 00:42:15,240
Yes.

634
00:42:16,520 --> 00:42:19,560
Wow. I'm going to cry.

635
00:42:20,480 --> 00:42:24,240
Really, I'm trying to... I'm so happy.

636
00:42:25,440 --> 00:42:30,320
It could be anything buried there
but I feel it's what I'm looking for.

637
00:42:33,120 --> 00:42:36,800
Kathleen's scans
reveal a 30-foot-wide cavity

638
00:42:36,880 --> 00:42:39,160
directly beneath
the entrance to the temple.

639
00:42:41,640 --> 00:42:45,400
It would have taken ancient workers
a monumental effort to build/

640
00:42:46,920 --> 00:42:51,000
And if it's a tomb, it must be the tomb
of someone important.

641
00:42:53,920 --> 00:42:59,200
This could be the perfect hiding place
for the last queen of Egypt, Cleopatra.

642
00:43:00,520 --> 00:43:05,000
The tomb could hold her
royal treasures, and its discovery

643
00:43:05,080 --> 00:43:08,480
would be one of the greatest finds
in the history of archaeology.

644
00:43:10,560 --> 00:43:13,000
So the room is big, and this...

645
00:43:13,080 --> 00:43:14,440
Ten meters.

646
00:43:14,520 --> 00:43:17,320
Ten meters long? Wow.

647
00:43:18,400 --> 00:43:23,120
For Kathleen, Cleopatra's
lost tomb could now be within her grasp.

648
00:43:24,960 --> 00:43:27,800
I'm just really
excited and I'm touched.

649
00:43:28,160 --> 00:43:31,080
This is something that is
really important, precious,

650
00:43:31,160 --> 00:43:33,520
something very precious
they tried to hide there.

651
00:43:34,480 --> 00:43:38,440
So I think this is
the final stage of my search.

652
00:43:40,520 --> 00:43:44,360
It's been an incredible season
for Kathleen and her workers.

653
00:43:44,920 --> 00:43:47,040
But with her permit now expired,

654
00:43:47,120 --> 00:43:52,080
she must secure the site and continue
her search for the chamber next year.

655
00:43:52,560 --> 00:43:54,520
Next season I will come back.

656
00:43:54,600 --> 00:43:58,920
This is the moment
that I was waiting for.

657
00:43:59,560 --> 00:44:02,560
Now I know exactly
where to continue.

658
00:44:04,600 --> 00:44:06,600
Captioned by Point.360