1 00:00:01,000 --> 00:00:04,000 ♪ ♪ 2 00:00:04,080 --> 00:00:05,360 Egypt, 3 00:00:05,440 --> 00:00:09,120 the richest source of archaeological treasures on the planet. 4 00:00:09,200 --> 00:00:12,000 Oh, that's a fabulous one. 5 00:00:14,120 --> 00:00:16,200 Beneath this desert landscape 6 00:00:17,960 --> 00:00:21,600 lies the secrets of this ancient civilization. 7 00:00:21,920 --> 00:00:25,920 Wow. You can see why the Pharaohs chose this place. 8 00:00:26,360 --> 00:00:29,240 Now, for a full season of excavations, 9 00:00:30,720 --> 00:00:33,440 our cameras have been given unprecedented access 10 00:00:34,240 --> 00:00:37,600 to follow teams on the front line of archeology. 11 00:00:37,960 --> 00:00:40,640 I'm driving so fast because I'm so excited! 12 00:00:41,720 --> 00:00:44,120 It's an entrance. We can see an entrance. 13 00:00:45,280 --> 00:00:47,280 Revealing buried secrets... 14 00:00:48,080 --> 00:00:50,200 I have just been told that they have found something. 15 00:00:51,080 --> 00:00:52,560 Oh my gosh. 16 00:00:55,160 --> 00:00:56,920 A sphinx! 17 00:00:58,120 --> 00:01:02,320 And making discoveries that could rewrite ancient history. 18 00:01:06,840 --> 00:01:08,560 ♪ ♪ 19 00:01:08,640 --> 00:01:10,360 This time, 20 00:01:10,440 --> 00:01:13,480 the pyramids reveal startling new secrets. 21 00:01:15,200 --> 00:01:18,000 Ashraf makes an incredible discovery 22 00:01:18,080 --> 00:01:21,160 in a 4,500-year-old tomb. 23 00:01:21,240 --> 00:01:23,120 I feel there is something down there. 24 00:01:23,200 --> 00:01:24,880 Something is waiting for us. 25 00:01:28,480 --> 00:01:31,360 Iwona is on the hunt for human remains. 26 00:01:31,440 --> 00:01:35,160 This is a lovely left foot, so we've got a pair. 27 00:01:35,240 --> 00:01:37,480 And John unlocks the secrets of 28 00:01:37,560 --> 00:01:40,280 the oldest known tomb in the Valley of the Kings. 29 00:01:41,080 --> 00:01:44,440 I'm truly in the final resting place of a Pharaoh. 30 00:01:44,520 --> 00:01:47,520 ♪♪ 31 00:01:52,880 --> 00:01:55,600 ♪ ♪ 32 00:01:55,680 --> 00:01:58,240 Rising out of the Egyptian desert 33 00:01:59,400 --> 00:02:01,960 stand some of the most magnificent monuments 34 00:02:02,040 --> 00:02:04,120 in human history... 35 00:02:05,120 --> 00:02:07,480 the Giza Pyramids. 36 00:02:08,960 --> 00:02:12,640 Constructed from around five million stone blocks, 37 00:02:12,720 --> 00:02:15,720 and standing up to 480 feet tall, 38 00:02:17,480 --> 00:02:20,280 these are where the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt entombed 39 00:02:20,360 --> 00:02:23,720 their mummified bodies and priceless treasures. 40 00:02:26,160 --> 00:02:29,680 Each giant pyramid is a grand tomb 41 00:02:29,760 --> 00:02:32,720 and place of worship, built to ensure 42 00:02:32,800 --> 00:02:36,080 the Pharaohs Khufu, 43 00:02:36,160 --> 00:02:37,680 Khafre, 44 00:02:37,760 --> 00:02:39,440 and Menkaure 45 00:02:39,520 --> 00:02:41,920 would never be forgotten. 46 00:02:42,600 --> 00:02:46,160 Stop here, Hamid, and we wanna... 47 00:02:46,240 --> 00:02:48,320 get our drone on the pyramid. 48 00:02:48,960 --> 00:02:51,440 In charge of this ancient site 49 00:02:51,520 --> 00:02:53,280 is Director of the Giza Pyramids, 50 00:02:53,360 --> 00:02:54,960 Ashraf Mohie. 51 00:02:56,760 --> 00:02:58,760 You see, this is my office. 52 00:03:01,320 --> 00:03:04,320 I work as an Egyptologist more than 20 years. 53 00:03:05,360 --> 00:03:08,080 I envy myself to be working here, 54 00:03:08,160 --> 00:03:10,360 you know, nearby the pyramid. 55 00:03:10,440 --> 00:03:13,920 Ashraf has recently made a remarkable discovery 56 00:03:14,000 --> 00:03:16,480 in the shadow of the Menkaure pyramid, 57 00:03:16,560 --> 00:03:19,320 the last to be built by the Pharaohs in Giza, 58 00:03:19,920 --> 00:03:23,440 and is taking to the skies to survey his excavation site. 59 00:03:23,520 --> 00:03:26,520 ♪ ♪ 60 00:03:27,400 --> 00:03:29,880 So, I can see the pyramid from the top over here. 61 00:03:30,240 --> 00:03:32,520 Can we get closer to the temple? 62 00:03:33,760 --> 00:03:36,480 Next to the entrance of Menkaure's pyramid 63 00:03:36,560 --> 00:03:40,280 are the remains of a grand temple and a cluster of tombs. 64 00:03:42,080 --> 00:03:45,320 It has been surrounded by tombs for high officials. 65 00:03:46,000 --> 00:03:47,400 Everybody want to have 66 00:03:47,480 --> 00:03:50,840 an honor to have his tomb nearby Menkaure. 67 00:03:53,160 --> 00:03:56,160 Ashraf is excavating one of these tombs. 68 00:03:56,240 --> 00:03:58,240 Its location was first documented 69 00:03:58,320 --> 00:04:00,800 by the American archaeologist George Reisner 70 00:04:00,880 --> 00:04:03,160 over a century ago. 71 00:04:03,240 --> 00:04:07,040 Reisner, he started to work here in 1907, 72 00:04:07,120 --> 00:04:08,960 but he didn't go inside. 73 00:04:09,040 --> 00:04:10,160 He didn't find the entrance. 74 00:04:10,200 --> 00:04:13,480 Just dig for few days, that's it. 75 00:04:13,960 --> 00:04:16,960 So, we continued the work. We found the entrance. 76 00:04:17,040 --> 00:04:20,040 ♪ ♪ 77 00:04:20,520 --> 00:04:23,520 We are working now in the shafts. 78 00:04:23,600 --> 00:04:26,120 We started with the first one over there. 79 00:04:26,200 --> 00:04:28,720 We got the edges, and the workers, 80 00:04:28,800 --> 00:04:30,520 they are working down there. 81 00:04:30,600 --> 00:04:33,240 Reisner did not excavate this tomb. 82 00:04:33,320 --> 00:04:36,200 Ashraf and his team will be the first archaeologists 83 00:04:36,280 --> 00:04:39,840 to enter it in over 4,500 years. 84 00:04:40,400 --> 00:04:42,760 We're going to work down step by step 85 00:04:42,840 --> 00:04:45,880 to see if there is something in the sands or not there. 86 00:04:46,520 --> 00:04:50,120 I'm so honored to be here between the pyramids. 87 00:04:50,200 --> 00:04:53,240 It's my lifetime dream to dig. 88 00:04:54,840 --> 00:04:57,360 It's gonna be something 89 00:04:57,440 --> 00:05:00,560 very important for every Egyptologist 90 00:05:00,640 --> 00:05:02,000 at the pyramids area. 91 00:05:03,760 --> 00:05:07,200 Menkaure ruled Egypt for over two decades, 92 00:05:08,360 --> 00:05:10,200 And like his father and grandfather, 93 00:05:10,280 --> 00:05:13,280 he built a pyramid as his final resting place. 94 00:05:14,280 --> 00:05:17,840 His stands at the center of a grand cemetery 95 00:05:17,920 --> 00:05:20,920 where only those closest to him could be buried. 96 00:05:21,640 --> 00:05:23,800 So, the tomb Ashraf has unearthed 97 00:05:23,880 --> 00:05:26,320 must be for someone important. 98 00:05:28,080 --> 00:05:31,560 It appears to be a flat-roofed structure called a Mastaba. 99 00:05:32,360 --> 00:05:35,120 On top, two shaft openings suggest 100 00:05:35,200 --> 00:05:37,880 it could hide more than one burial chamber. 101 00:05:38,520 --> 00:05:43,280 But, any bodies won't be found inside the Mastaba. 102 00:05:43,360 --> 00:05:46,960 They'll be deep beneath it, in solid bedrock. 103 00:05:48,080 --> 00:05:51,720 I wanna go deeper to see what it will gonna be inside the shaft. 104 00:05:51,800 --> 00:05:54,480 But we'll see at the bottom if there is a chamber 105 00:05:54,560 --> 00:05:55,760 and a sarcophagus down there. 106 00:06:00,000 --> 00:06:02,240 Menkaure would be the last Pharaoh 107 00:06:02,320 --> 00:06:04,320 to build a pyramid at Giza. 108 00:06:05,440 --> 00:06:07,200 4000 years ago, 109 00:06:07,280 --> 00:06:09,720 they were suddenly abandoned. 110 00:06:09,800 --> 00:06:11,520 ♪ ♪ 111 00:06:11,600 --> 00:06:14,640 The answer to why the Pharaohs deserted the pyramids 112 00:06:14,720 --> 00:06:17,480 may lie 300 miles south, 113 00:06:17,560 --> 00:06:18,800 in the Valley of the Kings. 114 00:06:22,160 --> 00:06:24,400 Hidden within these remote cliffs 115 00:06:25,320 --> 00:06:29,000 is the final resting place of some of Egypt's greatest 116 00:06:29,080 --> 00:06:31,920 and most famous Pharaohs. 117 00:06:37,000 --> 00:06:41,160 - Mr. Mahmood? - Hi, yes. 118 00:06:41,240 --> 00:06:42,120 You've got the keys? 119 00:06:42,200 --> 00:06:43,640 Yes, everything. 120 00:06:44,360 --> 00:06:47,480 Here, British archaeologist John Ward, 121 00:06:47,560 --> 00:06:51,840 is investigating why the Pharaohs stopped building pyramids 122 00:06:51,920 --> 00:06:54,920 and decided to be buried in this secret location. 123 00:06:55,760 --> 00:06:59,320 We're on the way to one of the oldest tombs here in the Valley. 124 00:06:59,400 --> 00:07:01,200 It's where it all began. 125 00:07:01,280 --> 00:07:02,720 You lead the way. 126 00:07:04,000 --> 00:07:05,840 Dangerous and unstable, 127 00:07:05,920 --> 00:07:09,320 tomb KV20 is closed to the public 128 00:07:09,400 --> 00:07:12,760 and has not been excavated since 1904. 129 00:07:12,840 --> 00:07:14,000 Give me the pliers. 130 00:07:14,480 --> 00:07:15,720 There we go, sir. 131 00:07:15,800 --> 00:07:17,240 Despite the risks, 132 00:07:17,320 --> 00:07:19,400 John has been granted special permission 133 00:07:19,480 --> 00:07:21,840 to investigate inside... 134 00:07:21,920 --> 00:07:23,960 Open Sesame as they say! 135 00:07:24,040 --> 00:07:27,120 And will attempt to navigate the dark and crumbling corridors 136 00:07:27,200 --> 00:07:29,800 to reach the burial chamber, 137 00:07:29,880 --> 00:07:33,080 hidden over 320 feet below ground. 138 00:07:34,200 --> 00:07:38,040 Beneath our feet lies an intricate warren 139 00:07:38,120 --> 00:07:41,200 of engineering masterpieces, where tunnels, 140 00:07:41,280 --> 00:07:43,160 chambers, and pits 141 00:07:43,240 --> 00:07:45,360 all designed to create 142 00:07:45,440 --> 00:07:49,040 a space in which Pharaoh can achieve immortality. 143 00:07:50,320 --> 00:07:52,400 ♪ ♪ 144 00:07:52,480 --> 00:07:56,120 The Valley of the Kings is a remote limestone gorge... 145 00:07:58,560 --> 00:08:00,920 and in a secluded corner 146 00:08:01,000 --> 00:08:03,880 was one of the first tombs to be carved into the Valley. 147 00:08:05,960 --> 00:08:08,920 Built for the powerful Pharaoh Thutmose I, 148 00:08:09,000 --> 00:08:11,880 3,500 years ago, 149 00:08:11,960 --> 00:08:15,440 ancient engineers chiseled a long and narrow corridor 150 00:08:16,280 --> 00:08:20,200 that plunges over 320 feet underground 151 00:08:20,280 --> 00:08:23,200 to a secret burial chamber. 152 00:08:23,280 --> 00:08:25,640 Here, the body of the Pharaoh was placed 153 00:08:25,720 --> 00:08:27,880 in a giant sarcophagus, 154 00:08:27,960 --> 00:08:30,360 so that, hidden from sight, the King, 155 00:08:30,440 --> 00:08:34,040 with his treasures, could hope to rest in peace for eternity. 156 00:08:36,840 --> 00:08:39,480 One of the things, Mahmood, 157 00:08:39,560 --> 00:08:41,520 that I'm feeling as we're walking down, 158 00:08:41,600 --> 00:08:43,760 you really get that sense that you're... 159 00:08:43,840 --> 00:08:46,920 climbing down into the underworld! 160 00:08:47,960 --> 00:08:50,520 Building a tomb could take years 161 00:08:50,600 --> 00:08:53,000 and required a village of workers. 162 00:08:53,080 --> 00:08:55,600 Look at that. Okay. 163 00:08:55,680 --> 00:08:58,480 It must have been awful down here. To have carried up 164 00:08:59,120 --> 00:09:01,400 all of this chiseled, 165 00:09:01,480 --> 00:09:03,840 flaky limestone, and the dust. I mean, 166 00:09:03,920 --> 00:09:06,920 we're just walking here, and I'm breathing the dust in. 167 00:09:07,720 --> 00:09:10,000 It must have been hell! 168 00:09:10,080 --> 00:09:12,880 John has been descending into the darkness 169 00:09:12,960 --> 00:09:15,440 for over 45 minutes, 170 00:09:19,080 --> 00:09:21,840 but he still hasn't reached the burial chamber. 171 00:09:22,200 --> 00:09:23,680 Wow! 172 00:09:24,960 --> 00:09:27,600 This shaft just continues! 173 00:09:27,680 --> 00:09:30,680 ♪ ♪ 174 00:09:36,480 --> 00:09:37,960 Above ground, 175 00:09:38,040 --> 00:09:40,960 a team of over 170 workers 176 00:09:41,040 --> 00:09:42,800 are excavating an area known as 177 00:09:42,880 --> 00:09:45,160 the Valley of the Nobles. 178 00:09:47,880 --> 00:09:51,400 It contains the tombs of ancient Egypt's social elite... 179 00:09:54,360 --> 00:09:57,360 important enough to be buried close to the Pharaohs. 180 00:09:58,200 --> 00:10:00,960 So, I will lead you up the excavation site right now. 181 00:10:03,520 --> 00:10:08,080 Egyptologist Andrea Loprieno-Gnirs from Basel University, 182 00:10:08,160 --> 00:10:11,680 has been investigating this site for 16 years. 183 00:10:11,760 --> 00:10:13,720 We really feel very privileged 184 00:10:13,800 --> 00:10:16,400 to have the opportunity to work here. 185 00:10:16,480 --> 00:10:18,120 We want to learn more about 186 00:10:18,200 --> 00:10:20,520 who used this tomb, who entered the tomb, 187 00:10:20,600 --> 00:10:22,160 who maybe planned the tomb, 188 00:10:22,240 --> 00:10:24,220 who used them for burials and who used them for living, 189 00:10:24,240 --> 00:10:25,840 over the long time span. 190 00:10:28,080 --> 00:10:30,800 This season, Andrea and her team 191 00:10:30,880 --> 00:10:33,560 are clearing tons of earth and rubble from the tombs. 192 00:10:37,000 --> 00:10:40,280 In one tomb, called TT95, 193 00:10:40,360 --> 00:10:42,760 they've made an exciting discovery. 194 00:10:42,840 --> 00:10:44,440 ♪ ♪ 195 00:10:44,520 --> 00:10:46,720 It's quite a huge coffin chamber, 196 00:10:46,800 --> 00:10:48,800 cut into the bedrock. 197 00:10:48,880 --> 00:10:52,800 Among the material that was still left by the tomb robbers, 198 00:10:52,880 --> 00:10:56,240 we came upon painted pottery vessels 199 00:10:56,320 --> 00:10:59,760 that bear the name and the title of Hunai. 200 00:11:00,520 --> 00:11:03,040 Inscriptions on the pottery suggest 201 00:11:03,120 --> 00:11:06,560 a noble woman called Hunai was buried here. 202 00:11:06,640 --> 00:11:10,400 But, who was she, and what was her connection to the Pharaohs? 203 00:11:11,400 --> 00:11:15,000 To answer this, the team is searching for Hunai's remains. 204 00:11:16,640 --> 00:11:19,240 But, she's not the only one here. 205 00:11:19,720 --> 00:11:23,440 This tomb was re-used by others to bury their dead 206 00:11:23,520 --> 00:11:26,120 and contains hundreds of body parts. 207 00:11:28,200 --> 00:11:31,040 Robbers ripped the bodies apart in search of 208 00:11:31,120 --> 00:11:33,520 gold and amulets wrapped in the mummies. 209 00:11:34,880 --> 00:11:38,480 Finding Hunai will take a forensic investigation. 210 00:11:39,520 --> 00:11:41,400 One ear preserved. 211 00:11:41,480 --> 00:11:44,120 There's no jaw, just a fragment. 212 00:11:44,200 --> 00:11:47,200 In charge of analyzing these human remains, 213 00:11:47,280 --> 00:11:49,240 is British bio-archeologist, 214 00:11:49,320 --> 00:11:51,800 Iwona Kozieradzka-Ogunmakin. 215 00:11:53,080 --> 00:11:56,480 I've worked in Egypt 13 years, I think, 216 00:11:57,200 --> 00:12:01,080 so I've got substantial experience with this kind of material. 217 00:12:02,200 --> 00:12:04,600 This is a lovely left foot. 218 00:12:05,440 --> 00:12:07,560 When I'm sometimes asked what I do, 219 00:12:07,640 --> 00:12:10,120 I'm kind of hesitant to say 220 00:12:10,200 --> 00:12:13,360 because there's usually two types of reaction I get. 221 00:12:13,440 --> 00:12:17,360 One is "ew!" And the other is, "oh, really!" 222 00:12:17,440 --> 00:12:19,920 I suppose it's not for everybody. 223 00:12:20,880 --> 00:12:22,680 ♪ ♪ 224 00:12:22,760 --> 00:12:24,680 Finding Hunai's remains 225 00:12:24,760 --> 00:12:27,160 is like looking for a needle in a haystack. 226 00:12:27,800 --> 00:12:30,880 There you go. That's the left arm. 227 00:12:30,960 --> 00:12:34,400 We estimate the minimum number of individuals 228 00:12:34,480 --> 00:12:37,360 to be... just over 80. 229 00:12:38,240 --> 00:12:40,000 That's quite a big number, really, 230 00:12:40,080 --> 00:12:43,280 when you think about an adult individual having 231 00:12:43,360 --> 00:12:45,360 206 bones, 232 00:12:45,440 --> 00:12:48,080 and imagine the skeleton is dispersed. 233 00:12:49,520 --> 00:12:51,320 Every site has different challenges, 234 00:12:51,400 --> 00:12:53,320 and this one is definitely challenging. 235 00:12:54,760 --> 00:12:58,240 So, we've got torsos with no arms or no legs, or heads. 236 00:13:00,160 --> 00:13:02,800 ♪ ♪ 237 00:13:02,880 --> 00:13:06,320 300 miles North, at the pyramids... 238 00:13:12,640 --> 00:13:15,360 This is the last of the sands that's coming out from the shaft. 239 00:13:15,880 --> 00:13:18,720 Ashraf and his team have been digging for two days 240 00:13:18,800 --> 00:13:20,760 to locate the burial chamber 241 00:13:20,840 --> 00:13:23,280 in this unexcavated tomb. 242 00:13:23,360 --> 00:13:24,840 It should be there is something here. 243 00:13:24,880 --> 00:13:28,600 Finally, the workers reach the bottom of one of the shafts. 244 00:13:29,840 --> 00:13:31,920 We are so close to the burial chamber. 245 00:13:32,000 --> 00:13:34,000 ♪ ♪ 246 00:13:37,520 --> 00:13:39,120 ♪ ♪ 247 00:13:39,200 --> 00:13:40,520 This ancient shaft 248 00:13:40,600 --> 00:13:44,240 should lead to the entrance of a 4,500 year-old burial chamber, 249 00:13:46,840 --> 00:13:48,320 but something is wrong... 250 00:13:55,960 --> 00:13:58,960 I can hear, you know, the sound of the rock. 251 00:13:59,760 --> 00:14:02,240 The axe is hitting the rock. 252 00:14:02,320 --> 00:14:06,120 This is not a good sign. It mean the shaft is unfinished! 253 00:14:07,720 --> 00:14:10,600 Ashraf thinks they have found a false shaft, 254 00:14:10,680 --> 00:14:12,720 deliberately made by the tomb builders 255 00:14:12,800 --> 00:14:15,760 to fool thieves trying to find the burial chamber. 256 00:14:15,840 --> 00:14:17,760 ♪ ♪ 257 00:14:17,840 --> 00:14:20,680 And it's an anti-theft technique he's seen before, 258 00:14:20,760 --> 00:14:23,200 in Menkaure's Pyramid. 259 00:14:23,760 --> 00:14:26,320 Something very smart and amazing 260 00:14:26,400 --> 00:14:27,960 was done inside this Pyramid here. 261 00:14:28,840 --> 00:14:32,160 Menkaure was afraid about his treasures. 262 00:14:33,280 --> 00:14:37,440 So, after the main passage, he put some blocks, 263 00:14:37,520 --> 00:14:42,360 like a portcullis, to seal the entrance of the shaft 264 00:14:43,040 --> 00:14:45,600 to not to be easy for robbers to rob it. 265 00:14:50,320 --> 00:14:52,320 Menkaure constructed the pyramid 266 00:14:52,400 --> 00:14:55,280 to protect his body and treasures, 267 00:14:55,360 --> 00:14:58,360 but the giant pyramid also attracted thieves. 268 00:14:59,480 --> 00:15:03,080 Inside, engineers tried to protect the burial chamber 269 00:15:03,160 --> 00:15:05,520 with a series of heavy stone slabs... 270 00:15:07,000 --> 00:15:09,920 But these barriers of solid rock weren't enough 271 00:15:10,000 --> 00:15:11,680 to keep out tomb robbers, 272 00:15:11,760 --> 00:15:15,320 and the Pharaoh's body and treasures were looted. 273 00:15:15,400 --> 00:15:17,680 ♪ ♪ 274 00:15:17,760 --> 00:15:21,520 Like the place we are standing here now, this is the place, 275 00:15:21,600 --> 00:15:24,840 where they had the blocks to seal this passage. 276 00:15:24,920 --> 00:15:27,680 We found many small fragments of the blocks 277 00:15:27,760 --> 00:15:29,960 because it was broken to pieces. 278 00:15:30,040 --> 00:15:33,520 Some blocks about three tons or four tons there. 279 00:15:34,280 --> 00:15:37,240 With these huge stone walls destroyed, 280 00:15:37,320 --> 00:15:40,320 the robbers could finally enter the pharaoh's burial chamber. 281 00:15:43,040 --> 00:15:46,880 So, we are here inside the King chamber. 282 00:15:48,280 --> 00:15:50,040 And this is the place where 283 00:15:50,120 --> 00:15:52,160 the sarcophagus should be here. 284 00:15:53,000 --> 00:15:55,040 But the sarcophagus has been taken, 285 00:15:55,120 --> 00:15:58,920 and we lost the coffin of Menkaure. 286 00:16:00,800 --> 00:16:04,320 Nothing remains of Menkaure's mummy or his treasures. 287 00:16:05,800 --> 00:16:09,240 Ashraf believes the threat of tomb robbers was the reason 288 00:16:09,320 --> 00:16:12,680 the Pharaohs stopped building these giant pyramids. 289 00:16:13,640 --> 00:16:15,920 The Pharaohs started to think about something more secure 290 00:16:16,000 --> 00:16:17,440 and instead to have a big pyramid 291 00:16:17,520 --> 00:16:20,120 that would be easy for robbers to go inside to rob it, 292 00:16:21,320 --> 00:16:23,640 the Pharaohs learned the lesson from the Pyramid. 293 00:16:24,160 --> 00:16:26,560 They moved from here to the Valley of the Kings 294 00:16:26,640 --> 00:16:29,520 to have tombs that were cut inside the rocks 295 00:16:30,240 --> 00:16:31,440 to deceive the robbers. 296 00:16:34,560 --> 00:16:37,640 ♪ ♪ 297 00:16:37,720 --> 00:16:40,120 To keep their bodies hidden from looters, 298 00:16:40,640 --> 00:16:43,640 the great pharaohs chose a secluded location. 299 00:16:45,280 --> 00:16:47,640 The Valley of the Kings. 300 00:16:47,720 --> 00:16:49,080 How much further, Mahmood? 301 00:16:49,160 --> 00:16:51,000 - We are close! - We're close? 302 00:16:51,080 --> 00:16:55,200 John Ward is in one of the first tombs to be built in the Valley, 303 00:16:55,280 --> 00:16:58,800 and is descending over 320 feet below ground 304 00:16:58,880 --> 00:17:01,840 into the sacred burial chamber. 305 00:17:01,920 --> 00:17:05,080 We're coming towards the end of this tomb! 306 00:17:06,160 --> 00:17:07,840 The final steps. 307 00:17:14,560 --> 00:17:16,040 Wow! 308 00:17:16,120 --> 00:17:18,520 ♪ ♪ 309 00:17:19,240 --> 00:17:20,400 I'm in the belly 310 00:17:20,480 --> 00:17:23,640 of the final resting place 311 00:17:24,760 --> 00:17:25,840 of a Pharaoh. 312 00:17:27,040 --> 00:17:29,240 I can't even begin to imagine 313 00:17:29,320 --> 00:17:33,000 what it must have been like to be digging this out. 314 00:17:34,840 --> 00:17:36,800 Truly, an amazing feat. 315 00:17:38,520 --> 00:17:40,480 Although crudely completed, 316 00:17:40,560 --> 00:17:43,560 KV20 was a successful experiment, 317 00:17:44,760 --> 00:17:46,400 and in this chamber, 318 00:17:46,480 --> 00:17:49,800 archaeologists found two stone coffins, 319 00:17:49,880 --> 00:17:53,160 one inscribed with the name of Pharaoh Thutmose I. 320 00:17:54,080 --> 00:17:57,480 The other, for the Pharaoh Hatshepsut, his daughter, 321 00:17:57,560 --> 00:18:01,400 and one of Egypt's most powerful female rulers. 322 00:18:01,480 --> 00:18:04,080 ♪ ♪ 323 00:18:04,160 --> 00:18:06,560 For the next 500 years, 324 00:18:07,920 --> 00:18:11,280 The pharaohs built their tombs deep underground. 325 00:18:12,960 --> 00:18:16,240 So far, 65 have been found, 326 00:18:16,320 --> 00:18:18,720 but experts suspect there could be at least 327 00:18:18,800 --> 00:18:22,080 two great pharaoh's tombs yet to be discovered. 328 00:18:24,600 --> 00:18:28,240 With their tomb entrances hidden from sight, 329 00:18:28,320 --> 00:18:31,280 the pharaohs believed their mummified bodies and treasures 330 00:18:31,360 --> 00:18:33,720 would be protected from grave robbers. 331 00:18:34,880 --> 00:18:37,280 They had solved one problem, 332 00:18:37,360 --> 00:18:40,120 but they still needed to find a way to be worshiped 333 00:18:40,200 --> 00:18:43,200 and for their legacy to be remembered for eternity. 334 00:18:49,520 --> 00:18:51,840 Whereas the pyramid contains everything, 335 00:18:51,920 --> 00:18:54,680 the burial, the place of worship. 336 00:18:54,760 --> 00:18:56,680 Here, that's all separated. 337 00:18:56,760 --> 00:19:00,600 Here, we have the tomb, the last resting place of Pharaoh, 338 00:19:00,680 --> 00:19:04,400 but he still requires that place to be worshiped. 339 00:19:04,480 --> 00:19:06,720 ♪ ♪ 340 00:19:06,800 --> 00:19:10,000 The Pharaohs wanted to be remembered forever, 341 00:19:10,080 --> 00:19:12,640 but with their bodies hidden in the Valley, 342 00:19:12,720 --> 00:19:15,480 their followers would need somewhere to worship. 343 00:19:16,560 --> 00:19:18,360 John wants to investigate 344 00:19:18,440 --> 00:19:21,440 how they ensured their legacy would never be forgotten. 345 00:19:22,880 --> 00:19:25,880 ♪ ♪ 346 00:19:29,760 --> 00:19:32,040 In the Valley of the Nobles, 347 00:19:33,560 --> 00:19:36,480 Andrea and her team are on the hunt for clues 348 00:19:36,560 --> 00:19:40,240 that can shed light on the life of a noble woman called Hunai. 349 00:19:42,200 --> 00:19:44,480 They've found pictures on a tomb wall 350 00:19:44,560 --> 00:19:47,480 which suggest she shared an unusual bond 351 00:19:47,560 --> 00:19:50,560 with the Pharaoh Amenhotep II. 352 00:19:51,440 --> 00:19:53,840 It's really unusual. You will not find another tomb 353 00:19:53,920 --> 00:19:57,600 showing this very personal relationship with the King. 354 00:19:58,960 --> 00:20:02,040 In this case, you can really recognize that 355 00:20:02,120 --> 00:20:04,320 she is giving him her breast. 356 00:20:05,080 --> 00:20:06,760 ♪ ♪ 357 00:20:06,840 --> 00:20:10,600 The wall paintings reveal Hunai was a royal wet-nurse 358 00:20:11,280 --> 00:20:14,560 who breastfed the future Pharaoh when he was a child, 359 00:20:16,440 --> 00:20:18,160 and this intimate relationship 360 00:20:18,240 --> 00:20:21,200 explains why Hunai was buried so close 361 00:20:21,280 --> 00:20:23,720 to the Valley of the Kings. 362 00:20:26,080 --> 00:20:29,320 This was originally the burial place of Hunai, 363 00:20:29,680 --> 00:20:33,120 and this is also where we found more individuals. 364 00:20:34,160 --> 00:20:36,360 In search of Hunai's remains, 365 00:20:36,440 --> 00:20:39,120 Iwona is sifting through thousands of bones 366 00:20:39,200 --> 00:20:41,000 found in her tomb. 367 00:20:41,080 --> 00:20:45,160 That's super-orbital ridges, that are usually... 368 00:20:45,240 --> 00:20:47,000 pronounced in males. 369 00:20:47,080 --> 00:20:50,640 Looking at the sutures, cranial sutures, and the teeth, 370 00:20:50,720 --> 00:20:53,240 this person was definitely over 35. 371 00:20:54,840 --> 00:20:56,880 The wall inscriptions also reveal 372 00:20:56,960 --> 00:20:58,760 Hunai had a grown-up son, 373 00:20:58,840 --> 00:21:01,120 who was a high official. 374 00:21:01,200 --> 00:21:02,400 So, Iwona believes 375 00:21:02,480 --> 00:21:05,480 Hunai was a middle-aged woman when she died. 376 00:21:06,240 --> 00:21:09,040 You can see some depressions here. 377 00:21:09,120 --> 00:21:11,000 Could be menopause. 378 00:21:11,760 --> 00:21:13,320 This person seemed to have 379 00:21:13,400 --> 00:21:16,080 quite a pronounced nose. 380 00:21:17,640 --> 00:21:20,880 I've got confident one female, question mark female, 381 00:21:20,960 --> 00:21:22,840 so that's two, 382 00:21:22,920 --> 00:21:25,600 and the other four 383 00:21:25,680 --> 00:21:28,600 most likely male individuals. 384 00:21:28,680 --> 00:21:30,640 ♪ ♪ 385 00:21:30,720 --> 00:21:34,160 To find out if either of the female skulls belongs to Hunai, 386 00:21:35,000 --> 00:21:39,280 Iwona needs to look for signs of a gruesome mummification procedure 387 00:21:39,360 --> 00:21:42,120 only performed on the wealthy elite. 388 00:21:42,680 --> 00:21:45,520 The lady we're looking for definitely had her brain 389 00:21:45,600 --> 00:21:46,880 pulled out in pieces. 390 00:21:50,240 --> 00:21:53,480 ♪ ♪ 391 00:21:54,360 --> 00:21:56,760 In Giza, 392 00:21:56,840 --> 00:22:00,720 Ashraf and his team have been working hard to clear the second shaft 393 00:22:00,800 --> 00:22:04,920 of the unexcavated tomb at the foot of the Menkaure Pyramid. 394 00:22:10,600 --> 00:22:12,880 And their hard work has paid off. 395 00:22:15,480 --> 00:22:17,600 It's in a small hole and there's no light there, 396 00:22:17,680 --> 00:22:19,520 so we need a torch to see what over there. 397 00:22:19,600 --> 00:22:22,960 So, I'm going to send Mohamed to tell us what will be there. 398 00:22:23,560 --> 00:22:25,880 The workers think they have found an entrance 399 00:22:25,960 --> 00:22:29,640 to a burial chamber carved into the bedrock, 400 00:22:29,720 --> 00:22:32,040 and Egyptologist Mohammad Ahmed 401 00:22:32,120 --> 00:22:34,520 will be the first to venture inside. 402 00:22:35,360 --> 00:22:38,000 Wow! 403 00:22:38,080 --> 00:22:41,160 Can you see if there is a coffin, a sarcophagus? 404 00:22:41,240 --> 00:22:42,720 ♪ ♪ 405 00:22:47,040 --> 00:22:50,440 ♪ ♪ 406 00:22:56,360 --> 00:22:58,440 This is the opening 407 00:22:58,520 --> 00:23:01,560 which lead to the burial chamber. 408 00:23:01,640 --> 00:23:03,040 Very excited. 409 00:23:03,120 --> 00:23:06,920 Sealed with rocks and hidden at the bottom of the 30-foot shaft, 410 00:23:08,000 --> 00:23:10,080 this burial chamber could contain 411 00:23:10,160 --> 00:23:13,200 the 4,500 year-old remains 412 00:23:13,280 --> 00:23:15,760 of the tomb owner and their treasure. 413 00:23:16,520 --> 00:23:17,760 Mr. Ashraf? 414 00:23:19,680 --> 00:23:22,240 I see darkness. 415 00:23:22,320 --> 00:23:24,600 - Put your head in the hole! - Okay. 416 00:23:24,680 --> 00:23:27,320 You think I'm gonna wait after you found a hole? 417 00:23:27,400 --> 00:23:28,880 You are kidding me! 418 00:23:31,200 --> 00:23:34,200 Now, I will get inside. 419 00:23:37,040 --> 00:23:38,520 Okay. 420 00:23:42,920 --> 00:23:43,920 Done. 421 00:23:45,280 --> 00:23:46,520 Wow. 422 00:23:46,600 --> 00:23:49,440 ♪ ♪ 423 00:23:50,400 --> 00:23:52,960 This slab, it was blocking 424 00:23:53,040 --> 00:23:56,720 the doorway to this burial chamber. 425 00:23:57,640 --> 00:24:01,240 When I see the sloping gravels and stones, 426 00:24:02,120 --> 00:24:05,240 I feel that someone gets inside before me. 427 00:24:05,320 --> 00:24:07,560 The tomb has been looted by grave robbers, 428 00:24:07,880 --> 00:24:10,840 but Mohamed finds bones that have been left behind. 429 00:24:10,920 --> 00:24:14,760 This bone is from the chest. 430 00:24:15,200 --> 00:24:17,720 This is from the pelvis, 431 00:24:17,800 --> 00:24:19,360 and I think 432 00:24:19,440 --> 00:24:22,440 this big long bone is the thigh. 433 00:24:23,720 --> 00:24:27,320 The treasures may have been taken, but these ancient bones 434 00:24:27,400 --> 00:24:30,120 inside a burial chamber by the pyramid 435 00:24:30,200 --> 00:24:31,920 is an incredible discovery, 436 00:24:32,000 --> 00:24:35,280 and the remains will be collected and analyzed by the team. 437 00:24:37,040 --> 00:24:38,640 Mohamed, 438 00:24:38,720 --> 00:24:41,680 why you didn't get out to tell me and show me the footage? 439 00:24:41,760 --> 00:24:44,760 - Okay, sir! - You have to get out now! 440 00:24:44,840 --> 00:24:47,840 ♪ ♪ 441 00:24:50,160 --> 00:24:52,160 So, it has been looted. 442 00:24:52,960 --> 00:24:56,080 Few bones only and remains of... 443 00:24:56,160 --> 00:24:57,240 - wood. - Yeah. 444 00:24:58,160 --> 00:24:59,960 I'm a little bit disappointed 445 00:25:00,040 --> 00:25:02,600 because I was expecting to find a coffin with a mummy. 446 00:25:03,160 --> 00:25:05,040 But, I'm still happy 447 00:25:05,120 --> 00:25:06,960 because we have the discovery. 448 00:25:08,360 --> 00:25:09,520 The fragments of bone 449 00:25:09,600 --> 00:25:12,360 found in this burial chamber won't be enough 450 00:25:12,440 --> 00:25:14,840 for Ashraf to identify who was buried in the tomb, 451 00:25:17,200 --> 00:25:20,760 But he's convinced there is another burial chamber here, 452 00:25:20,840 --> 00:25:23,320 so excavations will continue. 453 00:25:23,400 --> 00:25:25,120 I feel there is something down there, 454 00:25:25,200 --> 00:25:26,880 so I hope there's something waiting for us. 455 00:25:31,400 --> 00:25:33,840 Just a mile from the Valley of the Kings 456 00:25:33,920 --> 00:25:35,720 on Luxor's West Bank, 457 00:25:35,800 --> 00:25:37,280 ♪ ♪ 458 00:25:37,360 --> 00:25:39,680 stands the vast mortuary temple, 459 00:25:39,760 --> 00:25:41,760 Medinet Habu. 460 00:25:48,000 --> 00:25:49,400 So, here it is. Medinet Habu. 461 00:25:52,360 --> 00:25:54,360 They call it the Mortuary Temple, 462 00:25:55,560 --> 00:25:57,040 the house of millions of years. 463 00:25:58,360 --> 00:26:00,160 To safeguard from robbers, 464 00:26:00,240 --> 00:26:02,480 the pharaohs kept their tombs hidden, 465 00:26:03,600 --> 00:26:06,600 but they also needed to be worshiped and remembered. 466 00:26:07,480 --> 00:26:10,800 They chose this temple to honor their legacy. 467 00:26:11,520 --> 00:26:14,560 Whereas today we would go to the graveyard or the cemetery, 468 00:26:14,640 --> 00:26:17,920 we'd lay a flower at our gravestone, 469 00:26:19,920 --> 00:26:22,920 this is a gravestone. 470 00:26:23,000 --> 00:26:24,600 This is the legacy of Pharaoh. 471 00:26:24,680 --> 00:26:28,440 Ramses, Amenhotep III, Hatshepsut. 472 00:26:28,840 --> 00:26:31,200 They've all put their mark here. 473 00:26:31,280 --> 00:26:33,400 ♪ ♪ 474 00:26:33,480 --> 00:26:37,200 The pharaohs built mortuary temples like Medinet Habu 475 00:26:37,280 --> 00:26:39,480 as vast palaces, 476 00:26:39,560 --> 00:26:42,680 dedicated to preserving their memory for eternity. 477 00:26:44,880 --> 00:26:48,000 Each temple had a loyal staff of priests, 478 00:26:48,080 --> 00:26:50,160 devoted to maintaining a cult 479 00:26:50,240 --> 00:26:53,240 that would continue worshiping the king forever. 480 00:26:55,160 --> 00:26:57,320 The pharaohs had their royal names, 481 00:26:57,400 --> 00:27:00,520 written as special symbols called cartouches, 482 00:27:00,600 --> 00:27:02,800 carved all over the temples. 483 00:27:05,200 --> 00:27:08,400 Their names were important because these ancient pharaohs 484 00:27:08,480 --> 00:27:11,040 believed that to achieve immortality, 485 00:27:11,120 --> 00:27:14,320 their names must be spoken for eternity. 486 00:27:17,600 --> 00:27:19,560 We have this whole development 487 00:27:19,640 --> 00:27:23,120 from pharaoh being buried in the pyramid, 488 00:27:24,480 --> 00:27:27,080 to being buried over there, in the Valley of the Kings, 489 00:27:28,840 --> 00:27:30,840 and this, his mortuary temple, 490 00:27:33,080 --> 00:27:35,080 and they are immortalized here. 491 00:27:36,080 --> 00:27:39,040 ♪ ♪ 492 00:27:39,120 --> 00:27:41,920 But for some pharaohs, simply having their name 493 00:27:42,000 --> 00:27:45,120 inscribed on a palace wall was not enough. 494 00:27:47,840 --> 00:27:49,280 On the Banks of the River Nile 495 00:27:50,960 --> 00:27:53,440 stands the vast Luxor Temple. 496 00:28:00,400 --> 00:28:02,640 Here, an elite team of engineers 497 00:28:02,720 --> 00:28:05,880 are working to restore a giant statue dedicated 498 00:28:05,960 --> 00:28:08,720 to one of Egypt's greatest pharaohs. 499 00:28:13,280 --> 00:28:15,000 This is the statue for Ramses II, 500 00:28:15,720 --> 00:28:17,320 the most important king in Egypt. 501 00:28:18,520 --> 00:28:19,920 ♪ ♪ 502 00:28:20,000 --> 00:28:23,320 Mahmood Farouk has a daunting challenge. 503 00:28:23,400 --> 00:28:26,960 He needs to rebuild the giant statue of Ramses II 504 00:28:27,040 --> 00:28:29,040 that stands over 30-foot tall. 505 00:28:31,600 --> 00:28:34,040 It was destroyed by an earthquake. 506 00:28:34,120 --> 00:28:37,120 Now, it's time to put the King back where he belongs. 507 00:28:38,960 --> 00:28:40,840 Today, I will lift the statue from here 508 00:28:41,760 --> 00:28:43,160 to the real place on the top. 509 00:28:44,960 --> 00:28:47,440 If you look here, you can see the two feet. 510 00:28:48,040 --> 00:28:49,280 We will put the face here. 511 00:28:50,040 --> 00:28:51,520 It will look nice after if we do it. 512 00:28:52,000 --> 00:28:53,880 If we make it perfect one time, it will be nice. 513 00:28:56,600 --> 00:29:00,120 Mahmood and his team are using modern steel girders to hold 514 00:29:00,200 --> 00:29:02,880 the pieces of statue together, 515 00:29:02,960 --> 00:29:05,280 and they must line up perfectly with the legs 516 00:29:05,360 --> 00:29:08,040 standing at the entrance to the Temple. 517 00:29:12,720 --> 00:29:16,400 One wrong move could send the 3000-year-old statue 518 00:29:16,480 --> 00:29:18,960 crashing into the temple wall. 519 00:29:25,280 --> 00:29:27,280 ♪ ♪ 520 00:29:29,680 --> 00:29:31,920 Moving the heavy statue into place 521 00:29:32,000 --> 00:29:34,400 is an intricate challenge for the team. 522 00:29:38,080 --> 00:29:40,960 The metal girders fixed to the body and the legs 523 00:29:41,040 --> 00:29:43,440 must fit perfectly together. 524 00:29:46,440 --> 00:29:48,280 Now, I'll go to the top to check everything. 525 00:29:49,120 --> 00:29:51,000 ♪ ♪ 526 00:29:51,080 --> 00:29:52,320 It might look finished, 527 00:29:52,400 --> 00:29:54,440 but Mahmood needs to check the alignment 528 00:29:54,520 --> 00:29:56,640 of the statue's eyes. 529 00:29:57,440 --> 00:29:59,400 According to Egyptian custom, 530 00:29:59,480 --> 00:30:02,760 they must look straight ahead to reflect the King's power. 531 00:30:06,880 --> 00:30:09,640 We have to take it down again to move it to the front. 532 00:30:10,560 --> 00:30:13,360 The measurements show the eyes are pointing down. 533 00:30:14,000 --> 00:30:16,000 The team will have to start again. 534 00:30:18,960 --> 00:30:21,960 ♪ ♪ 535 00:30:23,120 --> 00:30:25,120 In the Valley of the Nobles, 536 00:30:26,640 --> 00:30:30,400 Iwona is continuing her forensic analysis of human remains. 537 00:30:33,920 --> 00:30:36,640 To identify Hunai, she's looking for evidence 538 00:30:36,720 --> 00:30:39,080 of a rare burial practice. 539 00:30:39,680 --> 00:30:42,160 The traditional way of mummifying 540 00:30:42,240 --> 00:30:44,720 the body would be to remove the brain. 541 00:30:45,600 --> 00:30:48,080 The tool would have been inserted through a nostril, 542 00:30:48,160 --> 00:30:50,440 and then the ethmoid bone would be broken through 543 00:30:50,520 --> 00:30:53,360 to get access to the brain cavity. 544 00:30:54,800 --> 00:30:56,840 Only high-status individuals 545 00:30:56,920 --> 00:30:59,400 underwent this mummification ritual. 546 00:31:00,520 --> 00:31:02,440 So, as a nurse to the pharaohs, 547 00:31:02,520 --> 00:31:04,920 it would have been performed on Hunai. 548 00:31:07,240 --> 00:31:09,600 So, here we have 549 00:31:09,680 --> 00:31:13,240 a complete skull, and it's quite interesting. 550 00:31:13,320 --> 00:31:16,520 The person lost all the upper teeth, 551 00:31:16,600 --> 00:31:18,080 except one! 552 00:31:18,880 --> 00:31:22,560 I think there is a small... opening here. 553 00:31:24,680 --> 00:31:26,680 This skull seemed to be... 554 00:31:28,400 --> 00:31:31,040 seems to be fitting the description so far. 555 00:31:32,960 --> 00:31:36,400 The small hole is strong evidence that the brain was scraped out... 556 00:31:37,680 --> 00:31:39,240 but to prove her theory, 557 00:31:39,320 --> 00:31:41,240 Iwona will use digital technology 558 00:31:41,320 --> 00:31:43,320 to take a closer look inside. 559 00:31:45,200 --> 00:31:47,920 ♪ ♪ 560 00:31:51,840 --> 00:31:52,920 At the pyramids, 561 00:31:53,800 --> 00:31:56,480 Ashraf has received some exciting news. 562 00:31:57,480 --> 00:31:59,320 You know, I just got a phone call from Mohamed. 563 00:31:59,360 --> 00:32:01,360 He's telling me he found a shaft. 564 00:32:03,520 --> 00:32:06,520 The team have found a third shaft above the tomb... 565 00:32:08,440 --> 00:32:09,440 Morning. 566 00:32:10,160 --> 00:32:13,320 Which could lead to another burial chamber. 567 00:32:13,400 --> 00:32:17,040 The site is get more exciting. We are get more excited 568 00:32:17,640 --> 00:32:21,440 to see, to know more information about the situations here. 569 00:32:21,520 --> 00:32:24,000 ♪ ♪ 570 00:32:26,480 --> 00:32:28,560 To help speed up the dig, 571 00:32:29,000 --> 00:32:31,560 the team have built a pulley system. 572 00:32:36,640 --> 00:32:39,480 It's a little bit windy, but still good. 573 00:32:39,960 --> 00:32:42,200 This kind of good weather for workers to work. 574 00:32:48,920 --> 00:32:51,920 But suddenly, Ashraf's team is in trouble. 575 00:32:54,320 --> 00:32:57,320 The heavy metal frame has collapsed into the shaft... 576 00:32:58,600 --> 00:33:01,280 and the workers inside are not responding. 577 00:33:11,960 --> 00:33:14,120 It wasn't stable enough. 578 00:33:14,200 --> 00:33:15,760 Thanks to God everything was okay now. 579 00:33:15,840 --> 00:33:17,840 So, we are using this rope ladder now. 580 00:33:19,240 --> 00:33:21,240 So, you see the workers are okay? 581 00:33:21,320 --> 00:33:23,800 ♪ ♪ 582 00:33:39,480 --> 00:33:42,840 The workers have escaped relatively unharmed. 583 00:33:44,400 --> 00:33:47,080 Ashraf can press ahead with his excavations. 584 00:33:51,520 --> 00:33:52,960 We are so close. 585 00:33:54,600 --> 00:33:55,880 The right-hand side, 586 00:33:56,720 --> 00:33:59,640 I believe this is the opening of the burial chamber. 587 00:34:01,880 --> 00:34:04,880 But, a giant rock slab is blocking their way. 588 00:34:05,720 --> 00:34:08,400 They are going to drop some ropes to tie 589 00:34:08,480 --> 00:34:10,760 this stone to take it out there. 590 00:34:16,440 --> 00:34:19,680 Ashraf has opened the entrance to the burial chamber. 591 00:34:21,560 --> 00:34:23,800 Now, he's ready to find out who, 592 00:34:23,880 --> 00:34:25,840 or what, is inside. 593 00:34:25,920 --> 00:34:26,920 ♪ ♪ 594 00:34:30,240 --> 00:34:32,640 ♪ ♪ 595 00:34:32,720 --> 00:34:34,760 At the Luxor Temple, 596 00:34:35,240 --> 00:34:37,040 engineer Mahmoud is trying 597 00:34:37,120 --> 00:34:39,880 to position the 65-ton statue 598 00:34:39,960 --> 00:34:43,480 of Ramses the second at the entrance to the Temple. 599 00:34:44,600 --> 00:34:46,640 But, his first attempt failed. 600 00:34:47,880 --> 00:34:49,400 It's difficult for me and my workers. 601 00:34:49,960 --> 00:34:52,640 Now, we will change a little bit, and it will be better. 602 00:34:54,000 --> 00:34:57,480 His team have just a few hours to cut and reshape the girders. 603 00:34:59,000 --> 00:35:01,080 They must ensure the statue's eyes 604 00:35:01,160 --> 00:35:03,280 point straight ahead to the horizon, 605 00:35:04,200 --> 00:35:06,280 a symbol of power. 606 00:35:06,360 --> 00:35:08,280 Only then will they have restored 607 00:35:08,360 --> 00:35:10,360 this great pharaoh's legacy. 608 00:35:10,920 --> 00:35:13,120 It's heavy stone and it's not easy. 609 00:35:13,680 --> 00:35:16,160 I don't know know, in ancient times, how they did this work. 610 00:35:28,800 --> 00:35:31,720 Slowly and carefully, they winch it into position... 611 00:35:37,320 --> 00:35:39,640 ♪ ♪ 612 00:35:44,200 --> 00:35:45,560 I hope this... 613 00:35:50,600 --> 00:35:52,200 Success, yeah. 614 00:35:52,280 --> 00:35:55,680 And this time, everything lines up perfectly. 615 00:35:56,360 --> 00:35:58,840 The giant statue of Ramses II 616 00:35:58,920 --> 00:36:02,760 now stands exactly as it did 3,000 years ago, 617 00:36:04,040 --> 00:36:05,640 restoring his legacy 618 00:36:05,720 --> 00:36:08,720 as one of the greatest Pharaohs to rule Egypt. 619 00:36:09,720 --> 00:36:12,080 And now, if you come to the temple of Luxor, 620 00:36:12,400 --> 00:36:14,400 you will see Ramses saying welcome to you. 621 00:36:15,160 --> 00:36:16,240 Welcome to Luxor. 622 00:36:19,720 --> 00:36:21,720 ♪ ♪ 623 00:36:21,800 --> 00:36:23,040 Across the Nile... 624 00:36:24,880 --> 00:36:28,000 Iwona and her team have turned to digital technology 625 00:36:28,080 --> 00:36:31,480 in their hunt for the royal nurse, Hunai. 626 00:36:33,200 --> 00:36:36,280 We actually have the X-ray of that particular skull 627 00:36:36,360 --> 00:36:39,360 that we think could potentially 628 00:36:39,440 --> 00:36:40,560 belong to Hunai. 629 00:36:41,160 --> 00:36:43,960 Her being a woman of high social status, 630 00:36:44,040 --> 00:36:46,600 we would expect her body to have been 631 00:36:46,680 --> 00:36:48,920 prepared accordingly for the burial. 632 00:36:51,440 --> 00:36:53,720 Ancient Egyptians believed the brain 633 00:36:53,800 --> 00:36:55,360 had no value in the afterlife, 634 00:36:57,280 --> 00:37:01,040 so they pulled it out in pieces through the nose during mummification. 635 00:37:03,080 --> 00:37:06,160 We can't see any brain residue inside the skull. 636 00:37:06,240 --> 00:37:08,200 The brain was removed. 637 00:37:08,280 --> 00:37:09,960 ♪ ♪ 638 00:37:10,040 --> 00:37:12,520 The X-ray confirms Iwona's theory. 639 00:37:14,200 --> 00:37:17,480 All the evidence suggests this is the skull of Hunai. 640 00:37:18,840 --> 00:37:21,800 It's a huge discovery for the team. 641 00:37:21,880 --> 00:37:23,200 Hello. So, 642 00:37:23,760 --> 00:37:26,160 may I present 643 00:37:26,240 --> 00:37:27,640 a female, 644 00:37:27,720 --> 00:37:29,120 an older female. 645 00:37:30,240 --> 00:37:31,480 Her brain was removed. 646 00:37:32,360 --> 00:37:36,200 If we are looking the best candidate 647 00:37:36,280 --> 00:37:37,360 for Hunai, 648 00:37:37,440 --> 00:37:39,760 this would be the skull. 649 00:37:39,840 --> 00:37:42,480 This is really amazing results. 650 00:37:42,560 --> 00:37:44,800 - That's exciting news. - Yeah. 651 00:37:46,000 --> 00:37:48,600 3,000 years after her death, 652 00:37:48,680 --> 00:37:51,560 Hunai's memory has now been restored. 653 00:37:52,720 --> 00:37:55,400 It was her unique role as a royal nurse 654 00:37:55,480 --> 00:37:56,880 that earned her a tomb 655 00:37:56,960 --> 00:37:58,960 next to the Valley of the Kings 656 00:37:59,840 --> 00:38:02,720 so that she could join the Pharaohs for eternity 657 00:38:02,800 --> 00:38:04,400 in the afterlife. 658 00:38:08,000 --> 00:38:10,800 We were able to uncover 659 00:38:10,880 --> 00:38:12,280 a great royal nurse 660 00:38:12,360 --> 00:38:15,760 of Amenhotep II when he was a prince. 661 00:38:15,840 --> 00:38:18,640 So, I think we are very lucky. 662 00:38:18,720 --> 00:38:21,400 I'm very happy about this. 663 00:38:25,720 --> 00:38:27,720 ♪ ♪ 664 00:38:27,800 --> 00:38:29,840 At the pyramids, 665 00:38:29,920 --> 00:38:32,960 Ashraf's team are preparing to enter the newly-discovered 666 00:38:33,040 --> 00:38:36,160 4,500 year-old burial chamber. 667 00:38:37,360 --> 00:38:39,920 I'm so excited that we found the bottom of the shaft, 668 00:38:40,000 --> 00:38:42,960 but I'm a big guy, and the shaft down there is so small. 669 00:38:43,040 --> 00:38:46,280 That's why I'm sending my colleagues to go down there. 670 00:38:46,360 --> 00:38:49,680 I'm talking about 33 feet. It's deep! 671 00:38:49,760 --> 00:38:52,080 And to have your people down there, 672 00:38:52,160 --> 00:38:54,200 it's not easy, but these people have the passion 673 00:38:54,280 --> 00:38:56,600 to find something new. 674 00:38:57,040 --> 00:38:59,320 It's adventure to be Egyptologist, 675 00:38:59,400 --> 00:39:01,280 to find something new. 676 00:39:01,360 --> 00:39:03,360 ♪ ♪ 677 00:39:08,200 --> 00:39:11,200 ♪ ♪ 678 00:39:12,240 --> 00:39:14,320 Ashraf has brought in specialists 679 00:39:14,400 --> 00:39:16,240 to investigate the chamber. 680 00:39:16,560 --> 00:39:19,240 Senior Archaeologist Wael Fathi 681 00:39:19,320 --> 00:39:21,560 and anthropologist, Sara Saber. 682 00:39:25,960 --> 00:39:28,600 I'm so excited to tell me what you're going to see. 683 00:39:31,920 --> 00:39:34,640 We make sure that everything is okay first... 684 00:39:36,480 --> 00:39:38,840 And after this, we'll let Sara to get down there. 685 00:39:41,400 --> 00:39:43,120 Good. Sara, your turn. 686 00:39:46,680 --> 00:39:48,400 She's getting down now. 687 00:39:50,880 --> 00:39:52,880 You're doing a good job, Sara. 688 00:39:54,680 --> 00:39:56,680 It's one of your adventures! 689 00:40:02,040 --> 00:40:05,680 I think they are ready to go inside the burial chamber. 690 00:40:26,080 --> 00:40:27,280 ♪ ♪ 691 00:40:27,360 --> 00:40:29,320 It's strange here. 692 00:40:30,720 --> 00:40:33,080 You see, its bones... 693 00:40:33,160 --> 00:40:35,160 here, everywhere. 694 00:40:37,000 --> 00:40:38,800 Once again, grave robbers 695 00:40:38,880 --> 00:40:40,880 have ransacked the burial chamber. 696 00:40:43,040 --> 00:40:44,520 This is the remains of a skull. 697 00:40:44,600 --> 00:40:45,600 Yes. 698 00:40:45,640 --> 00:40:48,280 But this time, they left more evidence behind. 699 00:40:50,480 --> 00:40:51,840 This is the sacrum. 700 00:40:51,920 --> 00:40:53,760 It is very important to know, 701 00:40:53,840 --> 00:40:56,560 sometimes, the age or the sex. 702 00:40:57,680 --> 00:41:00,280 We must collect all the bones. 703 00:41:06,160 --> 00:41:07,320 A seal? 704 00:41:08,080 --> 00:41:09,160 A seal?! 705 00:41:09,800 --> 00:41:11,480 Wow! 706 00:41:11,560 --> 00:41:14,560 - What is it? - It's a sealing stamp. 707 00:41:14,640 --> 00:41:16,560 ♪ ♪ 708 00:41:16,640 --> 00:41:19,480 It's an astonishing find. 709 00:41:19,560 --> 00:41:21,840 These stamps were used to seal offering jars 710 00:41:21,920 --> 00:41:24,440 left with the owner of the tomb during their burial. 711 00:41:25,520 --> 00:41:28,800 It's rare to have survived over 4,000 years. 712 00:41:29,800 --> 00:41:32,800 It's inscribed here with hieroglyphic signs. 713 00:41:33,200 --> 00:41:34,200 I can see glyphs. 714 00:41:38,000 --> 00:41:39,680 This person to stamp his name, 715 00:41:39,760 --> 00:41:42,520 or her name, or his title, something like that. 716 00:41:42,880 --> 00:41:45,200 So, this is a big discovery. 717 00:41:45,640 --> 00:41:47,400 This is the first day for Sara here, 718 00:41:47,480 --> 00:41:50,160 you know, and we found such a discovery. 719 00:41:50,240 --> 00:41:51,720 It's a great day. 720 00:42:02,120 --> 00:42:05,560 This discovery could hold vital information about 721 00:42:05,640 --> 00:42:08,640 who was buried so close to Menkaure's pyramid 722 00:42:08,720 --> 00:42:10,720 and why. 723 00:42:11,240 --> 00:42:13,200 We found from the skull, 724 00:42:13,280 --> 00:42:15,400 this part is the mastoid process... 725 00:42:15,480 --> 00:42:17,880 - Yes. - So, it's very, very small. 726 00:42:18,200 --> 00:42:19,320 Also, we found 727 00:42:19,680 --> 00:42:21,920 this section of the vertebrae. 728 00:42:22,000 --> 00:42:24,120 It's very spongy. 729 00:42:24,560 --> 00:42:26,440 This refers to a woman, 730 00:42:26,520 --> 00:42:29,240 maybe for plus 50 years old. 731 00:42:29,320 --> 00:42:30,480 ♪ ♪ 732 00:42:30,560 --> 00:42:33,560 The bones reveal the tomb belongs to a woman. 733 00:42:34,440 --> 00:42:36,440 - We have another evidence. - Okay. 734 00:42:37,200 --> 00:42:40,560 But, can the inscriptions on the seal provide a name? 735 00:42:41,280 --> 00:42:42,520 Amazing. 736 00:42:42,600 --> 00:42:45,720 You can see that the two arms up, this is Ca. 737 00:42:46,600 --> 00:42:48,120 - It means Kawu! - Shepset Kawu, yeah. 738 00:42:48,200 --> 00:42:50,960 Shepset Kawu! So, this is for Shepset Kawu! 739 00:42:52,120 --> 00:42:55,000 You brought good luck for us! 740 00:42:55,080 --> 00:42:57,840 You know, because I was happy and satisfied with bones, 741 00:42:57,920 --> 00:42:59,680 with a skeleton, but you came, 742 00:42:59,760 --> 00:43:01,240 and you brought luck for us, 743 00:43:01,320 --> 00:43:02,920 and we found the stamp! 744 00:43:03,000 --> 00:43:04,600 ♪ ♪ 745 00:43:04,680 --> 00:43:07,160 What a big day for our mission. 746 00:43:08,880 --> 00:43:11,240 Robbers didn't care about bones. 747 00:43:11,320 --> 00:43:14,160 So, thanks to the God because they didn't care about them. 748 00:43:14,240 --> 00:43:16,880 We found them. We found the bones and we found the stamps 749 00:43:16,960 --> 00:43:20,080 that tell us about the lady, the owner of the tomb, 750 00:43:20,160 --> 00:43:21,840 Shepset Kawu! 751 00:43:21,920 --> 00:43:24,120 To have her tomb nearby Menkaure, 752 00:43:24,200 --> 00:43:26,840 it means she was very important lady. 753 00:43:28,800 --> 00:43:32,080 For us as Egyptologists, to find an inscription, 754 00:43:32,160 --> 00:43:34,720 like a name for an unknown tomb, 755 00:43:34,800 --> 00:43:36,400 is a great discovery. 756 00:43:40,400 --> 00:43:42,600 What the grave robbers left behind 757 00:43:42,680 --> 00:43:45,960 has helped Ashraf and his team restore the name 758 00:43:46,040 --> 00:43:49,320 and memory of Shepset Kawu. 759 00:43:50,640 --> 00:43:54,000 And now, like the pharaohs who built the giant pyramids, 760 00:43:56,200 --> 00:43:59,040 the vast mortuary temples, 761 00:43:59,120 --> 00:44:02,160 and the hidden tombs in the Valley of the Kings, 762 00:44:02,920 --> 00:44:05,920 her memory will live on. 763 00:44:07,560 --> 00:44:09,560 Captioned by Point.360