1 00:01:51,029 --> 00:01:54,115 The Serra-Pelada, Brazil's gold mine... 2 00:01:54,199 --> 00:01:55,700 there before me! 3 00:01:57,702 --> 00:02:01,623 When I reached the edge of that enormous hole... 4 00:02:02,707 --> 00:02:05,001 every hair on my body stood on end. 5 00:02:05,084 --> 00:02:09,214 I'd never seen anything like it. 6 00:02:10,715 --> 00:02:14,761 Here, in a split second, I saw unfolding before me... 7 00:02:14,886 --> 00:02:16,846 the history of mankind... 8 00:02:16,930 --> 00:02:20,099 The building of the pyramids... 9 00:02:20,183 --> 00:02:21,976 the Tower of Babel... 10 00:02:22,060 --> 00:02:23,937 the mines of King Solomon... 11 00:02:24,562 --> 00:02:28,316 Not the sound of a single machine could be heard. 12 00:02:29,400 --> 00:02:31,110 All you could hear... 13 00:02:31,820 --> 00:02:36,783 was the babble of 50,000 people in one huge hole. 14 00:02:39,244 --> 00:02:41,663 Conversations, noises, human sounds... 15 00:02:41,746 --> 00:02:44,624 mingled with the sounds of manual labor... 16 00:02:46,084 --> 00:02:48,670 I had returned to the dawn of time. 17 00:02:50,296 --> 00:02:54,425 I could almost hear the gold whispering in the souls of these men. 18 00:03:08,439 --> 00:03:10,775 All this earth had to be removed. 19 00:03:10,859 --> 00:03:12,443 It's not all gold. 20 00:03:12,527 --> 00:03:16,698 The guys had to climb small ladders... 21 00:03:16,781 --> 00:03:19,075 leading to bigger ones... 22 00:03:19,158 --> 00:03:20,785 to emerge at the top. 23 00:03:32,171 --> 00:03:34,674 You wouldn't want to fall down there! 24 00:03:37,343 --> 00:03:41,139 If you fell from the top you'd risk taking others with you. 25 00:03:44,142 --> 00:03:46,978 I'd climb up several times a day... 26 00:03:47,061 --> 00:03:49,397 but I never thought I'd fall. 27 00:03:49,480 --> 00:03:51,816 Nobody else fell. 28 00:03:51,983 --> 00:03:56,654 You were there to carry sacks, not to fall. And in my case, to take photos. 29 00:04:02,869 --> 00:04:06,664 These guys climbed it 50 or 60 times a day. 30 00:04:09,709 --> 00:04:13,504 The only way to get down such a slope... 31 00:04:13,588 --> 00:04:15,214 is by running. 32 00:04:15,298 --> 00:04:18,092 If you stop, you fall. 33 00:04:27,101 --> 00:04:31,522 All these men together formed an extremely organized world... 34 00:04:31,606 --> 00:04:34,067 but in complete madness. 35 00:04:47,538 --> 00:04:50,917 You get the impression they're slaves... 36 00:04:51,042 --> 00:04:53,378 but there wasn't a single slave. 37 00:04:53,461 --> 00:04:57,757 They were only slaves to the idea of getting rich. 38 00:04:58,383 --> 00:05:00,259 Everybody wanted to get rich. 39 00:05:02,053 --> 00:05:07,725 There were all sorts: intellectuals, university graduates... 40 00:05:07,809 --> 00:05:10,561 farm employees... 41 00:05:10,728 --> 00:05:13,356 urban workers... 42 00:05:13,439 --> 00:05:16,776 People from all walks of life were trying their luck. 43 00:05:18,903 --> 00:05:22,949 Because when you'd hit a vein of gold... 44 00:05:23,574 --> 00:05:28,371 everyone working that little section of the mine... 45 00:05:28,454 --> 00:05:31,332 had the right to choose one sack. 46 00:05:31,958 --> 00:05:34,627 And in that sack that they chose... 47 00:05:34,752 --> 00:05:36,921 - and this is the slavery aspect- 48 00:05:37,005 --> 00:05:41,092 there might be nothing or a kilo of gold! 49 00:05:42,051 --> 00:05:45,304 At that very moment one's freedom was at stake. 50 00:05:47,724 --> 00:05:51,227 Men who come into contact with gold... 51 00:05:51,310 --> 00:05:52,937 can never leave it. 52 00:07:48,886 --> 00:07:53,891 If you put too many photographers in one place... 53 00:07:53,975 --> 00:07:56,978 they'll all take very different pictures. 54 00:07:58,062 --> 00:08:01,607 Because they necessarily come... 55 00:08:02,275 --> 00:08:05,653 from very diverse places. 56 00:08:06,362 --> 00:08:09,532 Each one forms their way of seeing... 57 00:08:10,867 --> 00:08:13,995 according to their history. 58 00:08:15,872 --> 00:08:18,040 I feel that in my case... 59 00:08:18,124 --> 00:08:23,004 I learned to shape my way of seeing here, in this place. 60 00:08:24,213 --> 00:08:27,091 Here I have an idea of the planet. 61 00:08:28,342 --> 00:08:31,679 I'd go for long walks with my father... 62 00:08:31,804 --> 00:08:33,598 across this farm. 63 00:08:33,681 --> 00:08:35,933 We'd come here to look. 64 00:08:40,021 --> 00:08:45,318 Behind each mountain there's a story, there's something to see. 65 00:08:53,618 --> 00:08:55,494 I'd dream a lot here. 66 00:08:56,954 --> 00:09:00,124 I wanted to go beyond the mountains, I wanted to know. 67 00:13:27,183 --> 00:13:29,643 Sebastião was such a rascal! 68 00:13:29,727 --> 00:13:32,062 He was always traveling... 69 00:13:32,188 --> 00:13:34,273 like no one I'd ever seen. 70 00:13:34,356 --> 00:13:38,486 My dad was the same, he never stopped. 71 00:13:38,569 --> 00:13:41,405 Back and forth, like a shuttle. 72 00:13:42,156 --> 00:13:43,616 Just like Sebastião. 73 00:13:43,741 --> 00:13:47,036 You'd think he was in Vitória, but he'd already be here... 74 00:13:47,119 --> 00:13:50,581 or up north doing politics. 75 00:13:51,332 --> 00:13:56,170 Without his fellow students he wouldn't have finished his studies. 76 00:13:58,422 --> 00:14:01,091 Tiao was a scamp when it came to studying. 77 00:14:01,175 --> 00:14:04,970 He was a handful, but he managed to get his economics degree. 78 00:14:07,097 --> 00:14:10,059 I wanted him to be a lawyer. 79 00:14:10,142 --> 00:14:11,352 He did one year... 80 00:14:11,435 --> 00:14:15,523 then switched to economics, which was good for him. 81 00:16:09,970 --> 00:16:14,224 - Wim, I have a nice shot of you. - And I got one of you! 82 00:16:14,433 --> 00:16:15,726 I bet you did! 83 00:16:19,188 --> 00:16:20,189 Look... 84 00:20:10,377 --> 00:20:12,379 These were my first photographs. 85 00:20:12,588 --> 00:20:15,382 We were in the city of Tahoua. 86 00:20:16,133 --> 00:20:19,344 Young mothers were standing in line... 87 00:20:19,428 --> 00:20:22,472 to get some food... 88 00:20:22,556 --> 00:20:27,686 as there'd been a severe drought in Niger in '73. 89 00:20:28,312 --> 00:20:32,858 For Lélia it was tough, because she was pregnant. 90 00:20:32,983 --> 00:20:36,653 I remember, we were in that very place... 91 00:20:36,820 --> 00:20:40,157 living at a friend's home at Niamey... 92 00:20:40,824 --> 00:20:43,702 when the local Marabout came by. 93 00:20:43,827 --> 00:20:47,789 Lélia was wearing shorts, she was really pretty. 94 00:20:49,041 --> 00:20:52,461 And the Marabout sat down... 95 00:20:52,544 --> 00:20:54,546 and said to her... 96 00:20:54,630 --> 00:20:57,007 "Come sit on my lap!" 97 00:20:57,883 --> 00:20:59,801 "Oh," I said... 98 00:20:59,885 --> 00:21:03,847 "Mr. Marabout, there's a slight problem... 99 00:21:03,972 --> 00:21:07,684 This woman is pregnant... 100 00:21:08,185 --> 00:21:10,062 with our first child. 101 00:21:10,145 --> 00:21:13,357 So it's best she stays put." 102 00:21:13,482 --> 00:21:17,194 So he understood that... 103 00:21:19,363 --> 00:21:22,950 it wasn't the right synchronicity. 104 00:21:23,033 --> 00:21:26,453 So we talked it over and he left with a kilo of sugar... 105 00:21:26,578 --> 00:21:29,206 as happy as if it'd been Lélia. 106 00:22:29,266 --> 00:22:33,270 Ever since we'd left Brazil in 1969... 107 00:22:33,437 --> 00:22:37,649 I'd deeply missed South America. 108 00:22:37,774 --> 00:22:40,277 So I decided to travel... 109 00:22:40,360 --> 00:22:42,696 around Brazil's neighboring countries: 110 00:22:42,779 --> 00:22:46,283 Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia... 111 00:22:46,950 --> 00:22:51,872 I dreamt of seeing the mountains of South America... 112 00:22:51,955 --> 00:22:53,290 the Andes. 113 00:22:54,624 --> 00:22:56,376 At the time, in South America... 114 00:22:56,460 --> 00:23:00,213 there was a profound social movement... 115 00:23:00,297 --> 00:23:02,966 the "Liberation Theology". 116 00:23:04,176 --> 00:23:09,056 And on this journey I met a young priest, in Ecuador... 117 00:23:09,139 --> 00:23:10,974 called Gabicho. 118 00:23:11,058 --> 00:23:15,604 We were both young, I a photographer, he a priest. 119 00:23:15,687 --> 00:23:18,482 He brought them the word of God... 120 00:23:18,607 --> 00:23:24,488 he organized the farmers into cooperatives, introduced solidarity. 121 00:23:24,613 --> 00:23:28,450 And since he had access to all these communities... 122 00:23:28,575 --> 00:23:31,870 those journeys I made were extraordinary. 123 00:23:36,458 --> 00:23:39,086 There we were, over 3,000 meters up. 124 00:23:39,169 --> 00:23:44,257 We'd climb 600 or 700 meters in a day. 125 00:23:45,133 --> 00:23:49,262 It was a sheer delight to live in this landscape... 126 00:23:49,346 --> 00:23:51,014 among these communities. 127 00:23:54,101 --> 00:23:58,688 These are the Saraguros, a tribe of Indians in the south of Ecuador. 128 00:23:58,772 --> 00:24:03,860 Very religious, but also great drinkers. 129 00:24:04,528 --> 00:24:09,199 Over half of them, at the weekend, men and women... 130 00:24:09,282 --> 00:24:11,451 would get totally drunk. 131 00:24:14,579 --> 00:24:16,581 The villager on the left... 132 00:24:17,249 --> 00:24:20,127 his name is Lupe, Guadalupe... 133 00:24:20,210 --> 00:24:23,880 Lupe and I became very close. 134 00:24:24,548 --> 00:24:27,717 At the time I had very long hair... 135 00:24:27,801 --> 00:24:29,719 long blond hair... 136 00:24:29,803 --> 00:24:33,014 with a big, reddish blond beard. 137 00:24:35,517 --> 00:24:38,186 Walking with him through the mountains... 138 00:24:38,270 --> 00:24:41,940 one day he said to me, "Listen, Sebastião. 139 00:24:42,023 --> 00:24:45,026 I know that you were sent from heaven." 140 00:24:45,110 --> 00:24:48,989 According to the Saraguros' legends... 141 00:24:49,114 --> 00:24:52,909 God, in the image of Christ... 142 00:24:52,993 --> 00:24:57,497 was to return to Earth to observe them... 143 00:24:57,581 --> 00:25:00,208 to decide who'd go to heaven. 144 00:25:00,292 --> 00:25:05,964 As we walked in the mountains, he told me about his life. 145 00:25:07,924 --> 00:25:13,054 He seriously believed that I'd come as a special observer... 146 00:25:13,138 --> 00:25:16,892 to report "up there" about their behavior. 147 00:25:20,770 --> 00:25:25,901 Never in my life had I met a people... 148 00:25:25,984 --> 00:25:29,487 with such a different sense of time. 149 00:25:31,364 --> 00:25:36,369 The time I spent with the Saraguros felt like an entire century... 150 00:25:36,453 --> 00:25:38,705 everything felt so slow. 151 00:25:39,331 --> 00:25:42,792 It was another way of thinking, a different rhythm. 152 00:25:45,462 --> 00:25:48,298 There was a fatalism on their faces. 153 00:25:51,801 --> 00:25:54,888 This is in the state of Oaxaca, in Mexico. 154 00:25:54,971 --> 00:25:58,475 A group of farmers called the Mixe. 155 00:26:00,685 --> 00:26:05,106 It's all medieval, the yoke, the plow... 156 00:26:07,901 --> 00:26:10,779 This is deepest South America. 157 00:26:12,489 --> 00:26:15,242 They were a country people... 158 00:26:16,159 --> 00:26:19,412 but what mattered most to them... 159 00:26:19,496 --> 00:26:20,872 was music. 160 00:26:20,956 --> 00:26:24,251 They were people who adored music. 161 00:26:25,168 --> 00:26:30,465 Every member of the community able to play an instrument... 162 00:26:31,091 --> 00:26:33,468 didn't have to do any work... 163 00:26:33,551 --> 00:26:35,679 they worked as musicians. 164 00:26:40,517 --> 00:26:43,645 They had me sleep for several days... 165 00:26:43,728 --> 00:26:47,732 in a very cold cement room... 166 00:26:47,816 --> 00:26:51,945 to see if I could bear it, if I really wanted to stay... 167 00:26:52,112 --> 00:26:54,948 As I held out for quite a while... 168 00:26:55,031 --> 00:26:58,076 they finally put me up in a house... 169 00:26:58,201 --> 00:27:01,162 and I grew much closer to the community. 170 00:27:01,246 --> 00:27:02,872 It was a pleasure for me. 171 00:27:03,039 --> 00:27:06,710 We became close friends, I felt good there. 172 00:27:14,592 --> 00:27:18,805 This is in the north of Mexico. The Tarahumara. 173 00:27:19,472 --> 00:27:23,852 These people are great runners, long-distance runners. 174 00:27:23,935 --> 00:27:25,729 They don't walk, they run. 175 00:27:26,313 --> 00:27:29,232 God, it was hell trying to keep up. 176 00:27:29,357 --> 00:27:32,068 They didn't walk, they flew! 177 00:27:40,618 --> 00:27:42,245 That's a Tarahumara... 178 00:27:42,370 --> 00:27:46,708 his face deeply marked by life. 179 00:27:49,836 --> 00:27:52,756 Beautiful hair, fantastic hair. 180 00:27:55,508 --> 00:27:58,595 People would approach my camera... 181 00:27:58,678 --> 00:28:02,932 and I had the impression I was more a sound recorder. 182 00:28:04,267 --> 00:28:08,646 They'd tell me things as if I was recording their stories. 183 00:28:14,277 --> 00:28:19,282 The power of a portrait lies in that fraction of a second... 184 00:28:19,949 --> 00:28:24,329 when you catch a glimpse of that person's life. 185 00:28:24,454 --> 00:28:28,249 The eyes say a lot, the expression on the face... 186 00:28:30,919 --> 00:28:34,297 When you take a portrait, the shot is not yours alone. 187 00:28:34,381 --> 00:28:36,716 The person offers it to you. 188 00:28:41,346 --> 00:28:44,182 Those journeys meant so much to me. 189 00:28:46,142 --> 00:28:51,523 To come here after all those years, unable to set foot in my own country. 190 00:28:51,606 --> 00:28:55,985 The essence was the same. It was my continent, we were so close. 191 00:31:37,230 --> 00:31:39,232 Goddamn bear! 192 00:31:39,315 --> 00:31:40,858 He tricked us. 193 00:31:40,984 --> 00:31:44,821 He drove them all into the water. Incredible! 194 00:32:23,651 --> 00:32:25,361 What do you think? 195 00:32:26,195 --> 00:32:28,323 What do you think, Dad? 196 00:32:28,406 --> 00:32:32,201 I think it'll be complicated to get this story. 197 00:32:35,747 --> 00:32:37,624 If this is all we've got... 198 00:32:53,222 --> 00:32:59,145 It's not just a matter of getting close to a bear and taking a picture. 199 00:32:59,228 --> 00:33:01,898 If the framing is poor... 200 00:33:01,981 --> 00:33:05,902 you'll just show the bear, but it won't be a photo. 201 00:33:06,611 --> 00:33:09,447 This spot is no good. 202 00:33:09,572 --> 00:33:12,241 There's nothing in the background... 203 00:33:12,325 --> 00:33:15,620 nothing to compose a well-framed picture. 204 00:33:21,000 --> 00:33:23,461 No action, nothing. 205 00:36:58,551 --> 00:37:00,052 Stunning! 206 00:37:00,136 --> 00:37:03,556 All I could see was the shape of their tusks. 207 00:37:03,639 --> 00:37:07,018 Impossible to make out the outline of their heads. 208 00:37:07,101 --> 00:37:09,854 It was like being in Dante's Inferno... 209 00:37:09,979 --> 00:37:12,064 with those tusks protruding... 210 00:37:12,189 --> 00:37:14,483 All those shapes... Incredible! 211 00:37:35,630 --> 00:37:39,258 Dad, what happened in 1979? 212 00:37:42,678 --> 00:37:46,515 In '79, Lélia was pregnant with our second son. 213 00:37:46,641 --> 00:37:48,851 We knew it was a boy. 214 00:37:50,686 --> 00:37:52,980 When Rodrigo was born... 215 00:37:53,064 --> 00:37:57,568 he had all the signs of Down's syndrome. 216 00:37:58,653 --> 00:38:02,281 He was so cute with his slanted eyes... 217 00:38:02,365 --> 00:38:06,327 I felt he was completely normal. 218 00:38:06,410 --> 00:38:08,204 So did Lélia. 219 00:38:08,788 --> 00:38:15,127 The doctor did a lot of tests. It was three weeks before we knew. 220 00:38:15,211 --> 00:38:17,380 On the day he called... 221 00:38:18,631 --> 00:38:21,467 the tension was such... 222 00:38:21,550 --> 00:38:24,136 that when I heard the results, I cried. 223 00:38:24,220 --> 00:38:26,263 I couldn't stop crying. 224 00:39:56,812 --> 00:40:00,608 It was December 31, I'd returned to Brazil! 225 00:40:00,691 --> 00:40:03,694 It was great to be home... 226 00:40:04,403 --> 00:40:07,490 after ten and a half years abroad. 227 00:40:08,199 --> 00:40:13,037 It was a shock. Lélia's hometown wasn't the same. 228 00:40:13,746 --> 00:40:17,458 Vitória had changed a lot. Everything was different. 229 00:40:18,667 --> 00:40:21,170 My region had changed a lot too. 230 00:40:21,253 --> 00:40:26,759 When I left my parents, they were young and strong. 231 00:40:26,842 --> 00:40:31,263 Upon returning, I found an old man. My father had aged a lot. 232 00:40:32,264 --> 00:40:33,516 But at that time... 233 00:40:33,599 --> 00:40:37,019 I wanted to explore Brazil more deeply. 234 00:40:37,561 --> 00:40:40,064 My sister lent me a car... 235 00:40:41,315 --> 00:40:44,693 and I made a six-month journey in the North-East of Brazil. 236 00:40:44,819 --> 00:40:46,862 I didn't know the North-East. 237 00:40:46,946 --> 00:40:50,282 I'd always dreamt of that part of Brazil. 238 00:41:13,013 --> 00:41:15,850 These people were going to a funeral. 239 00:41:16,559 --> 00:41:20,729 I stopped by the roadside and went with them. 240 00:41:22,523 --> 00:41:28,070 Infant mortality was very high in the North-East of Brazil. 241 00:41:28,154 --> 00:41:31,073 These children died before they were baptized. 242 00:41:33,742 --> 00:41:37,037 They believe that children who are not baptized... 243 00:41:37,913 --> 00:41:40,833 don't have the right to go to heaven. 244 00:41:41,417 --> 00:41:44,003 They stay in an in-between realm... 245 00:41:44,086 --> 00:41:45,588 called limbo. 246 00:41:47,339 --> 00:41:52,094 If a child dies with its eyes closed it's because it was baptized. 247 00:41:52,219 --> 00:41:53,888 If its eyes are open... 248 00:41:53,971 --> 00:41:57,433 they leave them open so it can find its way. 249 00:41:57,558 --> 00:42:01,562 Otherwise it will wander for eternity. 250 00:42:10,654 --> 00:42:14,950 Back then, there was a service for renting coffins at the church. 251 00:42:15,075 --> 00:42:17,453 You could rent a coffin cheaply. 252 00:42:18,370 --> 00:42:21,207 It'd be used dozens of times. 253 00:42:28,339 --> 00:42:31,800 There you can see such a coffin rental service. 254 00:42:35,221 --> 00:42:37,348 And yes, those are shoes. 255 00:42:37,431 --> 00:42:41,977 They sold everything: shoes, coffins, bananas, vegetables... 256 00:42:42,061 --> 00:42:44,688 ice-cream, everything... 257 00:42:46,106 --> 00:42:50,736 It's a region where life and death are very close. 258 00:42:55,157 --> 00:42:59,286 Here's a group saying prayers... 259 00:42:59,370 --> 00:43:02,623 and learning about politics at the same time. 260 00:43:04,124 --> 00:43:07,211 In Brazil there was, and still is... 261 00:43:07,294 --> 00:43:10,464 a big movement called the "Landless Workers". 262 00:43:10,547 --> 00:43:15,177 Many of them came from here... 263 00:43:16,095 --> 00:43:18,555 from the North-East of Brazil. 264 00:43:25,521 --> 00:43:26,522 These people... 265 00:43:26,647 --> 00:43:29,525 have a moral strength... 266 00:43:29,608 --> 00:43:32,486 a physical force... 267 00:43:32,569 --> 00:43:36,490 even though they're frail and eat poorly. 268 00:43:37,950 --> 00:43:41,370 Look how arid this region is. 269 00:43:42,788 --> 00:43:46,166 It's like a piece of the Sahel in Brazil. 270 00:43:49,628 --> 00:43:51,630 Here, on the road... 271 00:43:51,714 --> 00:43:54,550 people are leaving, never to return. 272 00:43:55,342 --> 00:43:58,137 Sometimes it's so dry, so difficult here... 273 00:43:58,220 --> 00:44:00,973 that people migrate to the southern cities. 274 00:44:01,056 --> 00:44:04,184 For them it's over, they abandon the land. 275 00:44:31,837 --> 00:44:33,505 For many years now... 276 00:44:33,589 --> 00:44:37,968 we've been suffering from a lack of rain. 277 00:44:47,978 --> 00:44:53,150 There were a lot of cattle here before... 278 00:44:53,233 --> 00:44:55,486 but they're all gone now. 279 00:44:56,528 --> 00:44:58,447 There have been severe droughts. 280 00:44:58,530 --> 00:45:02,242 The pastures are gone, it doesn't pay anymore. 281 00:45:02,910 --> 00:45:05,120 Why has it gone, Grandfather? 282 00:45:05,204 --> 00:45:07,498 Because of the drought. 283 00:45:09,750 --> 00:45:14,129 We replanted, but there's not a blade of grass left. 284 00:45:14,254 --> 00:45:16,256 It wasn't that long ago. 285 00:45:16,965 --> 00:45:19,218 Your dad and I... 286 00:45:19,301 --> 00:45:22,304 we spent more than 20,000. 287 00:45:22,805 --> 00:45:23,931 Where did it go? 288 00:45:25,891 --> 00:45:27,976 This land was so plentiful. 289 00:45:28,644 --> 00:45:33,315 There were lots of birds... 290 00:45:33,399 --> 00:45:36,652 canaries and ticoticos... 291 00:45:37,778 --> 00:45:39,279 blackbirds... 292 00:45:40,739 --> 00:45:44,535 There used to be a great forest on that hill... 293 00:45:44,618 --> 00:45:48,330 and another forest over that hill. 294 00:45:49,415 --> 00:45:52,209 There has been a lot of erosion. 295 00:45:52,292 --> 00:45:54,169 The hills are now barren. 296 00:45:54,253 --> 00:45:56,797 When it rains... 297 00:45:56,880 --> 00:46:00,551 there's nothing to hold back the water. 298 00:46:00,676 --> 00:46:02,678 It's a disaster. 299 00:46:03,554 --> 00:46:05,639 I have no idea... 300 00:46:06,223 --> 00:46:09,143 how to stop it. 301 00:46:17,609 --> 00:46:20,946 Grandpa, were you happy on this farm? 302 00:46:21,029 --> 00:46:22,030 Sorry? 303 00:46:22,114 --> 00:46:24,700 Were you happy here? 304 00:46:27,035 --> 00:46:28,328 Was I happy? 305 00:46:28,412 --> 00:46:31,373 I was, because I was able to provide an education... 306 00:46:31,457 --> 00:46:34,626 for my seven daughters... 307 00:46:34,710 --> 00:46:37,087 and Sebastião. 308 00:46:37,212 --> 00:46:40,382 I raised my children, it was tough... 309 00:46:40,466 --> 00:46:42,050 but I'm happy I did it. 310 00:46:45,304 --> 00:46:49,391 I earned 100,000 from the woods alone... 311 00:46:49,475 --> 00:46:51,727 to put the children through school. 312 00:46:51,810 --> 00:46:53,562 They were all brought up well... 313 00:46:53,645 --> 00:46:57,065 well fed, properly dressed... 314 00:48:08,095 --> 00:48:11,265 I worked in Ethiopia in 1984... 315 00:48:12,266 --> 00:48:17,062 and continued across the Sahel in '85 and '86. 316 00:48:17,145 --> 00:48:20,983 I spent almost two years in that region... 317 00:48:21,108 --> 00:48:24,528 reporting on the famine. 318 00:48:27,823 --> 00:48:30,075 There were refugee camps... 319 00:48:30,158 --> 00:48:33,287 the largest ever seen in human history. 320 00:48:33,829 --> 00:48:36,748 And I really wanted to show that. 321 00:48:36,832 --> 00:48:41,003 To show that a large part of humanity... 322 00:48:41,128 --> 00:48:44,089 was suffering from great distress... 323 00:48:44,172 --> 00:48:47,843 due to a problem of sharing... 324 00:48:48,427 --> 00:48:51,805 and not just a natural disaster. 325 00:48:54,683 --> 00:48:57,394 This was a Coptic region. 326 00:48:57,519 --> 00:49:01,648 They are very strict Christians, the Northern Ethiopians. 327 00:49:01,732 --> 00:49:04,401 They have great humility. 328 00:49:04,484 --> 00:49:07,195 Even with a dying child... 329 00:49:07,321 --> 00:49:09,990 they wouldn't get in front of others. 330 00:49:10,073 --> 00:49:11,450 They'd rather wait. 331 00:49:18,540 --> 00:49:20,667 Look at the state of the people. 332 00:49:23,337 --> 00:49:26,214 At that stage, they've no strength left. 333 00:49:27,382 --> 00:49:30,886 They say people die of famine. 334 00:49:30,969 --> 00:49:34,556 Famine weakens the body... 335 00:49:34,681 --> 00:49:37,559 but it's the parallel diseases that kill. 336 00:49:39,728 --> 00:49:44,149 When you catch cholera, the dehydration is so fast... 337 00:49:44,232 --> 00:49:48,820 that you lose 12 liters of water a day from diarrhea. 338 00:49:49,529 --> 00:49:51,573 You die in two or three days. 339 00:49:56,787 --> 00:49:58,747 Such young faces... 340 00:49:59,831 --> 00:50:03,502 aged from so much suffering. 341 00:50:04,252 --> 00:50:07,589 If you look at his forehead, he's not an old man. 342 00:50:07,673 --> 00:50:10,801 What's old about him is the emptiness in his eyes. 343 00:50:11,593 --> 00:50:14,888 Look how young she is, look at their baby! 344 00:50:15,472 --> 00:50:16,973 He's her husband. 345 00:50:21,812 --> 00:50:23,980 Most deaths were at night... 346 00:50:24,064 --> 00:50:25,440 from the cold. 347 00:50:29,027 --> 00:50:33,031 Dying here was really a continuation of life. 348 00:50:33,115 --> 00:50:34,950 The people were used to dying. 349 00:50:37,786 --> 00:50:40,288 A husband is washing his wife to bury her. 350 00:50:44,209 --> 00:50:48,130 In his mountain clothes, his goat skin... 351 00:50:52,467 --> 00:50:53,885 A very young woman. 352 00:50:59,850 --> 00:51:01,893 In the Coptic ritual... 353 00:51:01,977 --> 00:51:05,981 the body has to be clean when it comes before God. 354 00:51:06,106 --> 00:51:09,192 You have to wash it all over... 355 00:51:10,110 --> 00:51:12,279 even if there's very little water. 356 00:51:16,074 --> 00:51:19,703 With each dying person a piece of everyone else dies. 357 00:51:28,879 --> 00:51:31,673 A father is preparing his son for burial... 358 00:51:31,757 --> 00:51:34,176 saying his last goodbye. 359 00:51:37,429 --> 00:51:40,348 Family members usually prepare their dead. 360 00:51:48,607 --> 00:51:50,150 Knowing that a government... 361 00:51:50,233 --> 00:51:55,113 is withholding food from its people... 362 00:51:55,197 --> 00:51:58,200 as was the actual case here... 363 00:51:58,283 --> 00:52:01,161 in this camp in Northern Ethiopia... 364 00:52:01,244 --> 00:52:05,624 That was brutal political dishonesty. 365 00:52:20,806 --> 00:52:25,185 I returned to Ethiopia at the end of 1984. 366 00:52:25,727 --> 00:52:30,273 The guerillas knew the government was about to drive these people out... 367 00:52:30,398 --> 00:52:33,568 so they started evacuating people towards Sudan. 368 00:52:34,319 --> 00:52:36,988 They left from all over Tigray. 369 00:52:41,034 --> 00:52:43,620 We were attacked by two helicopters. 370 00:52:43,745 --> 00:52:47,499 Mi-24s. Very fast combat helicopters. 371 00:52:47,582 --> 00:52:50,085 They shot at the people with machine-guns. 372 00:52:51,545 --> 00:52:53,964 I took a photo and then I ran. 373 00:52:58,093 --> 00:53:00,345 There were many pregnant women... 374 00:53:00,428 --> 00:53:05,976 hoping that when they'd arrive they'd find food and water. 375 00:53:06,059 --> 00:53:08,812 That they'd finally reach the promised land. 376 00:53:13,358 --> 00:53:15,318 I must have spent... 377 00:53:16,570 --> 00:53:18,488 at least two months there. 378 00:53:19,447 --> 00:53:21,366 And when I arrived in Sudan... 379 00:53:21,449 --> 00:53:24,786 I did a lot of work on the arrival of these people. 380 00:53:29,291 --> 00:53:31,585 This man had come from Ethiopia. 381 00:53:31,668 --> 00:53:34,963 His camel had reached its limit. Maybe it was dead. 382 00:53:35,046 --> 00:53:37,632 But the man was holding on and on... 383 00:53:37,716 --> 00:53:40,760 Yet when he reached the doctors, his child was dead. 384 00:53:43,096 --> 00:53:44,723 After such a long march. 385 00:53:53,273 --> 00:53:56,484 Doctors Without Borders had to give up this camp. 386 00:53:57,110 --> 00:53:59,946 Water is essential in these camps... 387 00:54:00,030 --> 00:54:01,865 and it had become a huge problem. 388 00:54:01,948 --> 00:54:05,160 So they had to move the camp as fast as possible. 389 00:54:09,497 --> 00:54:13,877 People were crammed into UN trucks... 390 00:54:13,960 --> 00:54:17,339 to take them to a new camp... 391 00:54:17,422 --> 00:54:20,884 on a beautiful and fertile piece of land... 392 00:54:20,967 --> 00:54:23,511 on the banks of the Blue Nile. 393 00:54:24,512 --> 00:54:28,016 I rode on this truck for at least 300 or 400 kilometers. 394 00:54:32,312 --> 00:54:34,773 These are two friends... 395 00:54:34,856 --> 00:54:39,069 pretending it was a normal Sunday afternoon... 396 00:54:39,152 --> 00:54:42,197 sitting under a tree, telling stories... 397 00:54:46,451 --> 00:54:51,498 There's lots of water by the Nile, but that's where the people died... 398 00:54:52,207 --> 00:54:53,500 because... 399 00:54:54,042 --> 00:54:56,086 There was nothing to eat. 400 00:54:56,169 --> 00:54:59,047 They were in the final stages of their distress. 401 00:55:02,842 --> 00:55:07,138 They'd forgotten to bring food, or hadn't been able to. 402 00:55:07,222 --> 00:55:10,100 The food distribution had gone wrong. 403 00:55:10,183 --> 00:55:12,435 These people had held on so long... 404 00:55:12,519 --> 00:55:15,355 but when they got there, they could no more. 405 00:55:27,200 --> 00:55:28,910 I went to Mali. 406 00:55:30,120 --> 00:55:32,580 There was a severe drought there too. 407 00:55:34,666 --> 00:55:37,502 The skin becomes like tree bark... 408 00:55:38,253 --> 00:55:41,548 like a tree marked by the desert wind... 409 00:55:42,465 --> 00:55:45,301 by sandstorm after sandstorm... 410 00:55:55,603 --> 00:55:57,647 There were only women and kids. 411 00:55:57,731 --> 00:56:00,442 The men had left to work in Libya... 412 00:56:00,525 --> 00:56:05,613 or headed for the Ivory Coast, looking for work... 413 00:56:05,739 --> 00:56:09,659 promising to return and bring food for the family. 414 00:56:09,743 --> 00:56:11,995 But very few came back. 415 00:56:22,589 --> 00:56:24,549 They were all saved... 416 00:56:24,632 --> 00:56:27,552 because Doctors Without Borders did great work. 417 00:56:27,635 --> 00:56:30,972 They brought assistance to this whole area. 418 00:56:33,558 --> 00:56:37,145 This is a friend, Luc, a Belgian doctor. 419 00:56:38,146 --> 00:56:42,776 Measuring a kid, weighing him. 420 00:56:45,278 --> 00:56:48,907 In two or three weeks these children completely recover. 421 00:56:48,990 --> 00:56:51,534 They're marked by it, all their lives... 422 00:56:51,618 --> 00:56:55,497 having experienced such deprivation while growing up. 423 00:57:01,294 --> 00:57:03,588 This boy was alone... 424 00:57:03,671 --> 00:57:06,925 with his instrument, his little guitar, in his hand... 425 00:57:07,008 --> 00:57:10,762 With his rag of a shirt still hanging on him. 426 00:57:10,845 --> 00:57:12,680 No trousers, nothing. 427 00:57:14,015 --> 00:57:17,936 Look at his determination, his posture. 428 00:57:18,019 --> 00:57:21,523 He knew where he was going. 429 00:57:21,606 --> 00:57:25,652 Looking for other groups, looking for a village... 430 00:57:26,986 --> 00:57:28,279 with his dog... 431 00:57:28,363 --> 00:57:30,865 A boy of eight or nine. 432 00:58:18,830 --> 00:58:22,417 I wanted to pay homage... 433 00:58:23,001 --> 00:58:27,088 to all the men and women who built the world around us. 434 00:58:27,922 --> 00:58:30,258 An archeology of the industrial era. 435 00:59:59,639 --> 01:00:03,309 As soon as I saw the first images on 436 01:00:04,018 --> 01:00:06,437 I felt the urge to cover this story. 437 01:00:08,690 --> 01:00:11,859 It was like working in a huge theater. 438 01:00:12,568 --> 01:00:15,029 500 oil wells burning. 439 01:00:15,113 --> 01:00:18,324 A giant stage, the size of the planet. 440 01:00:20,034 --> 01:00:23,162 No restrictions, you could go where you wanted. 441 01:00:25,707 --> 01:00:29,877 There was a discharge of heavy oil smoke. 442 01:00:30,420 --> 01:00:34,716 The smoke was so dense, the sun couldn't cut through. 443 01:00:35,925 --> 01:00:42,056 There were days when it was dark for 24 hours straight. 444 01:00:48,730 --> 01:00:50,481 Once a fire was put out... 445 01:00:50,565 --> 01:00:53,526 the earth was still very hot. 446 01:00:53,609 --> 01:00:57,739 They had to pour a huge amount of water on to cool it. 447 01:00:57,822 --> 01:01:02,035 If not, the oil would just re-ignite. 448 01:01:04,078 --> 01:01:05,663 But despite that... 449 01:01:05,747 --> 01:01:09,083 there'd sometimes be an explosion, like a cannon shot. 450 01:01:11,085 --> 01:01:13,338 The noise was so deafening... 451 01:01:13,421 --> 01:01:16,424 it was like working next to a jet engine. 452 01:01:18,092 --> 01:01:20,094 Now I'm a little deaf. 453 01:01:20,595 --> 01:01:22,597 That's where my deafness began. 454 01:01:39,489 --> 01:01:40,948 These are Canadians... 455 01:01:41,032 --> 01:01:43,451 a unit of firefighters from Calgary. 456 01:01:45,286 --> 01:01:47,872 They'd brought a beautiful red truck. 457 01:01:47,955 --> 01:01:51,459 And it was their rule, once they'd put out a fire... 458 01:01:51,542 --> 01:01:54,712 to wash the truck every evening. 459 01:01:54,796 --> 01:01:58,174 And in the morning it'd be covered in oil again. 460 01:02:04,138 --> 01:02:05,973 A hellish job! 461 01:02:09,310 --> 01:02:12,730 I put off my departure at least 2 or 3 times... 462 01:02:12,814 --> 01:02:15,108 until I really had to leave. 463 01:02:15,191 --> 01:02:18,486 But it broke my heart... 464 01:02:18,569 --> 01:02:22,240 to abandon this vast spectacle. 465 01:02:24,325 --> 01:02:26,244 I roamed around. 466 01:02:26,327 --> 01:02:29,080 And very close to the end... 467 01:02:29,163 --> 01:02:33,084 we were driving by this long wall... 468 01:02:33,167 --> 01:02:37,004 - That day I was with a journalist from The New York Times - 469 01:02:37,088 --> 01:02:42,093 Since it was a no-man's-land, ruined by war... 470 01:02:42,176 --> 01:02:44,095 we broke down the gate. 471 01:02:44,178 --> 01:02:45,555 And inside... 472 01:02:46,347 --> 01:02:48,933 we found a sort of... 473 01:02:49,016 --> 01:02:50,518 paradise... 474 01:02:50,601 --> 01:02:52,687 that had turned into hell. 475 01:02:53,354 --> 01:02:57,358 It was a garden belonging to the Kuwaiti royal family... 476 01:02:58,776 --> 01:03:01,821 with horses, thoroughbreds... 477 01:03:01,904 --> 01:03:05,533 that had gone completely, desperately insane. 478 01:03:06,742 --> 01:03:10,455 Animals are the first to flee from a catastrophe... 479 01:03:10,538 --> 01:03:12,582 when they're free to leave. 480 01:03:13,416 --> 01:03:15,251 But here, they weren't. 481 01:03:16,711 --> 01:03:19,672 There were birds there too, it was an oasis... 482 01:03:19,755 --> 01:03:21,924 very well irrigated. 483 01:03:22,717 --> 01:03:27,388 Birds who couldn't fly anymore as their feathers were stuck together. 484 01:03:30,600 --> 01:03:34,395 The Kuwaitis fled when they felt the disaster approaching... 485 01:03:35,229 --> 01:03:38,316 leaving behind the imprisoned animals... 486 01:03:38,399 --> 01:03:42,028 and the Bedouins whom they didn't really consider as humans. 487 01:05:17,164 --> 01:05:20,334 I was doing my project on the displacement of peoples... 488 01:05:20,418 --> 01:05:22,420 in 1994... 489 01:05:23,004 --> 01:05:26,340 when the president of Rwanda... 490 01:05:26,882 --> 01:05:28,884 his plane was shot down. 491 01:05:29,677 --> 01:05:32,972 That started a huge exodus towards Tanzania... 492 01:05:33,055 --> 01:05:37,184 due to the brutal repression of the Tutsis in Rwanda. 493 01:05:39,729 --> 01:05:42,690 I was one of the first to arrive there. 494 01:05:43,566 --> 01:05:45,943 The catastrophe was everywhere. 495 01:05:46,027 --> 01:05:48,571 People were fleeing to Burundi... 496 01:05:48,654 --> 01:05:51,032 to the Congo, to Uganda... 497 01:05:51,115 --> 01:05:53,367 They were leaving in all directions. 498 01:05:57,204 --> 01:06:01,083 The roads were already full of people... 499 01:06:04,420 --> 01:06:06,631 People sleeping by the roadsides... 500 01:06:06,714 --> 01:06:10,551 carrying all their belongings on bicycles... 501 01:06:10,676 --> 01:06:13,596 fleeing with whatever they could take. 502 01:06:15,222 --> 01:06:18,184 We headed in the opposite direction... 503 01:06:18,267 --> 01:06:21,520 towards the border. 504 01:06:21,604 --> 01:06:24,398 There was no border control whatsoever. 505 01:06:24,482 --> 01:06:28,277 I entered Rwanda, and it was terrifying. 506 01:06:28,903 --> 01:06:32,698 The number of dead bodies I saw on that road... 507 01:06:35,910 --> 01:06:37,912 Here, a grenade had exploded. 508 01:06:38,704 --> 01:06:42,291 Those not killed by the grenade were killed with machetes. 509 01:06:43,918 --> 01:06:47,421 There, I began to sense... 510 01:06:47,505 --> 01:06:51,092 the sheer scale of the disaster I was witnessing. 511 01:06:52,093 --> 01:06:54,470 A genocide was in progress here. 512 01:06:57,932 --> 01:07:02,853 It was 150 kilometers by road to Kigali... 513 01:07:02,937 --> 01:07:05,398 150 kilometers of dead bodies... 514 01:07:14,115 --> 01:07:17,493 I turned back, because my story was about people. 515 01:07:17,618 --> 01:07:21,747 I was doing my book on refugees, I was working on Exodus. 516 01:07:21,831 --> 01:07:24,542 I started going into the camps... 517 01:07:24,625 --> 01:07:26,293 and I began to see... 518 01:07:26,419 --> 01:07:30,172 the sheer number of people leaving Rwanda. 519 01:07:32,133 --> 01:07:35,219 Hell was taking the place of paradise. 520 01:07:36,470 --> 01:07:38,723 It was frightening... 521 01:07:38,806 --> 01:07:42,435 to see, on such a beautiful savanna... 522 01:07:42,518 --> 01:07:45,646 this mega city springing up. 523 01:07:48,065 --> 01:07:51,652 Within days, there were almost a million people here. 524 01:07:58,826 --> 01:08:02,872 Among all this distress, one thing that really moved me... 525 01:08:02,997 --> 01:08:06,417 was the relationship between this mother and her child... 526 01:08:06,500 --> 01:08:10,171 and the child's trust in its mother. 527 01:08:23,559 --> 01:08:25,144 Violence... 528 01:08:25,853 --> 01:08:27,521 and brutality... 529 01:08:27,605 --> 01:08:30,983 are not the monopoly... 530 01:08:31,066 --> 01:08:33,110 of remote countries. 531 01:08:33,194 --> 01:08:36,447 It happened right here, in Europe, in ex-Yugoslavia. 532 01:08:36,530 --> 01:08:38,699 It was very shocking. 533 01:08:41,202 --> 01:08:45,206 A bus coming from Krajina through Croatia... 534 01:08:46,415 --> 01:08:48,834 a person was killed through that hole. 535 01:08:48,918 --> 01:08:52,922 The Croats killed lots of people too as they left Krajina. 536 01:08:53,672 --> 01:08:55,466 Violence was everywhere. 537 01:08:55,549 --> 01:08:59,011 But what disgusted me most... 538 01:08:59,094 --> 01:09:02,932 was to see how contagious hatred was. 539 01:09:03,724 --> 01:09:06,560 These people too saw violence. 540 01:09:06,644 --> 01:09:07,978 Entire families... 541 01:09:08,062 --> 01:09:11,524 the whole Serbian population of Krajina was expelled. 542 01:09:14,235 --> 01:09:17,112 And overnight, they found themselves... 543 01:09:17,196 --> 01:09:21,283 evicted from their homes, looking for a place to go... 544 01:09:21,367 --> 01:09:24,912 having their next-door neighbors shooting at them. 545 01:09:40,761 --> 01:09:43,639 These were refugee camps not far from Tuzla... 546 01:09:44,306 --> 01:09:47,351 in central Bosnia. 547 01:09:47,434 --> 01:09:50,521 These families had left the enclave of Zepa... 548 01:09:50,604 --> 01:09:54,567 where Serbs murdered thousands of young men. 549 01:09:55,568 --> 01:10:00,281 We were there at the very moment when the families were arriving... 550 01:10:01,323 --> 01:10:03,951 in a state of great distress. 551 01:10:15,296 --> 01:10:18,007 There were only women, old men... 552 01:10:18,966 --> 01:10:20,217 and children. 553 01:10:20,301 --> 01:10:24,430 The younger men had all been held and murdered. 554 01:10:30,895 --> 01:10:33,939 It was strange that this was happening in Europe... 555 01:10:34,023 --> 01:10:36,984 at the end of the 20th century. 556 01:10:37,526 --> 01:10:39,028 From the cars alone... 557 01:10:39,111 --> 01:10:43,073 you can see these people had a standard of living... 558 01:10:43,157 --> 01:10:45,451 a European standard of living... 559 01:10:45,534 --> 01:10:48,412 a European intellectual level... 560 01:10:48,495 --> 01:10:50,789 a European infrastructure. 561 01:10:50,873 --> 01:10:52,750 And they lost everything. 562 01:10:56,837 --> 01:11:00,716 Hundreds of kilometers, crowded with people and cars. 563 01:11:05,012 --> 01:11:06,764 We are a ferocious animal. 564 01:11:06,847 --> 01:11:09,683 We humans are terrible animals. 565 01:11:11,185 --> 01:11:14,980 Here in Europe, in Africa, in South America, everywhere... 566 01:11:15,064 --> 01:11:17,733 we are extremely violent. 567 01:11:24,657 --> 01:11:26,825 Our history is a history of wars. 568 01:11:34,041 --> 01:11:35,626 It's an endless story... 569 01:11:35,709 --> 01:11:37,836 a story of repression... 570 01:11:37,920 --> 01:11:39,588 a tale of madness. 571 01:11:48,555 --> 01:11:51,433 The situation in Rwanda kept changing. 572 01:11:51,517 --> 01:11:55,646 The Hutu army, which was ruling the country, was defeated... 573 01:11:55,729 --> 01:12:00,734 and retreated into the Congo, to the Goma region. 574 01:12:02,111 --> 01:12:06,699 First, the Tutsis had fled the Hutu barbarity. 575 01:12:06,782 --> 01:12:08,701 And then, the Hutus... 576 01:12:08,784 --> 01:12:11,370 fled the Tutsi occupation. 577 01:12:11,453 --> 01:12:13,580 So everybody fled, in turn. 578 01:12:16,750 --> 01:12:18,627 In just a few days... 579 01:12:18,711 --> 01:12:21,714 in July 1994... 580 01:12:21,797 --> 01:12:23,173 the Goma region... 581 01:12:23,257 --> 01:12:26,260 received more than 2 million people. 582 01:12:27,845 --> 01:12:30,431 It was a disaster in the making. 583 01:12:33,434 --> 01:12:36,353 Diseases such as cholera started spreading... 584 01:12:36,437 --> 01:12:40,649 and the people began to die like ants. 585 01:12:40,733 --> 01:12:43,777 12 to 15 thousand died every day. 586 01:12:47,948 --> 01:12:50,826 I was taking photos of these piles of corpses... 587 01:12:51,452 --> 01:12:54,455 when I saw the dad coming with his kid. 588 01:12:54,538 --> 01:12:56,040 He threw him on the pile... 589 01:12:56,123 --> 01:13:00,461 and left with his friend, chatting as if nothing had happened. 590 01:13:07,176 --> 01:13:10,304 They couldn't bury all the people. 591 01:13:11,305 --> 01:13:14,391 So a bulldozer came from the French army... 592 01:13:14,475 --> 01:13:18,395 which took dozens at a time... 593 01:13:18,479 --> 01:13:20,564 laid them out on the ground... 594 01:13:20,647 --> 01:13:23,358 and covered them with earth. 595 01:13:40,709 --> 01:13:43,504 Everybody should see these images... 596 01:13:43,587 --> 01:13:46,507 to see how terrible our species is. 597 01:13:53,180 --> 01:13:56,475 Orphan kids, who were on the road. 598 01:13:58,435 --> 01:13:59,895 Three children... 599 01:14:00,020 --> 01:14:03,607 the two with the livelier eyes would live. 600 01:14:03,690 --> 01:14:07,694 The one whose eyes are clouded was dying. 601 01:14:10,364 --> 01:14:13,367 When I got out of there, I was ill... 602 01:14:13,450 --> 01:14:15,994 my body was very sick. 603 01:14:16,078 --> 01:14:19,790 I didn't have any infectious diseases... 604 01:14:19,873 --> 01:14:21,834 but my soul was sick. 605 01:14:26,713 --> 01:14:30,801 I went back to Rwanda one year after the disaster... 606 01:14:30,884 --> 01:14:36,140 to cover the return of the Hutus who'd been in the Congo... 607 01:14:36,223 --> 01:14:37,808 and had nowhere to go. 608 01:14:37,891 --> 01:14:42,396 The United Nations started forcing them to return. 609 01:14:53,407 --> 01:14:57,578 You felt the whole planet was covered with refugee tents. 610 01:15:10,757 --> 01:15:12,843 After working there... 611 01:15:12,926 --> 01:15:17,514 the Tutsi authorities suggested that I should see... 612 01:15:17,598 --> 01:15:21,518 a few of the places where the massacres had occurred. 613 01:15:28,233 --> 01:15:33,113 People had fled to a church, believing they'd be safe. 614 01:15:33,906 --> 01:15:36,325 All murdered! 615 01:15:42,956 --> 01:15:45,459 Here, it happened in a school. 616 01:15:45,584 --> 01:15:50,380 You can still see what was written on the blackboard that clay. 617 01:15:50,464 --> 01:15:52,507 It was terrifying. 618 01:16:06,480 --> 01:16:10,734 The people who had left Rwanda, about 2 million refugees... 619 01:16:10,817 --> 01:16:13,487 some went back to Rwanda... 620 01:16:13,570 --> 01:16:16,281 but others were afraid of the repression. 621 01:16:16,365 --> 01:16:21,495 So a column of about 250,000 people left the city of Goma... 622 01:16:21,578 --> 01:16:23,830 and entered the Congo forest. 623 01:16:26,959 --> 01:16:28,252 We lost track of them. 624 01:16:28,335 --> 01:16:32,339 Everybody knew there were 250,000 lost people. 625 01:16:32,422 --> 01:16:34,341 Nobody knew where they were. 626 01:16:37,010 --> 01:16:38,971 Six months later... 627 01:16:39,513 --> 01:16:44,142 they started appearing near Kisangani, in the center of the Congo. 628 01:16:46,561 --> 01:16:50,232 They'd lived in the forest for 6 months. 629 01:16:51,358 --> 01:16:56,530 So the UN took me there. 630 01:16:57,781 --> 01:17:00,867 There was a train and I took it. 631 01:17:02,035 --> 01:17:05,414 It was dropping off food, then heading back. 632 01:17:05,497 --> 01:17:07,416 But I said, "I'm staying." 633 01:17:13,046 --> 01:17:18,093 I spent three days with these people, who kept arriving. 634 01:17:18,218 --> 01:17:20,762 Columns and columns of them... 635 01:17:23,223 --> 01:17:26,643 To think that when they left they were 250,000... 636 01:17:26,727 --> 01:17:29,771 and only 40,000 made it here! 637 01:17:29,855 --> 01:17:33,567 210,000 people were missing! 638 01:17:43,744 --> 01:17:46,330 Yet at the same time, life went on. 639 01:17:46,413 --> 01:17:50,584 A guy cutting hair... 640 01:17:51,835 --> 01:17:54,338 Or even this Congolese guy... 641 01:17:54,421 --> 01:17:56,256 with his calculator... 642 01:17:57,257 --> 01:18:00,302 who was trying to collect... 643 01:18:00,427 --> 01:18:04,431 the few dollars he was sure people had on them... 644 01:18:04,514 --> 01:18:08,310 which he was trying to exchange, in the middle of nowhere! 645 01:18:08,393 --> 01:18:11,438 In the middle of a remote forest. 646 01:18:18,612 --> 01:18:19,780 At that time... 647 01:18:20,447 --> 01:18:24,993 the pro-Tutsi guerilla movement that had seized Kisangani... 648 01:18:25,077 --> 01:18:27,746 began to expel these people again... 649 01:18:27,829 --> 01:18:29,373 to send them back. 650 01:18:29,456 --> 01:18:33,877 Six months to get there, and now back to Rwanda! 651 01:18:33,960 --> 01:18:36,171 They began to kill some of them. 652 01:18:37,172 --> 01:18:41,468 There, I met people who just couldn't take any more. 653 01:18:42,344 --> 01:18:45,180 Who started to be delirious... 654 01:18:45,263 --> 01:18:47,224 losing their minds... 655 01:18:47,307 --> 01:18:48,850 They were driven mad. 656 01:18:54,147 --> 01:18:57,818 In fact, those people who were expelled... 657 01:18:57,943 --> 01:19:00,320 were never heard from again. 658 01:19:01,696 --> 01:19:04,157 I believe they were all murdered. 659 01:19:11,915 --> 01:19:17,295 That was my last trip, that disastrous time in Rwanda. 660 01:19:20,882 --> 01:19:22,884 When I left there... 661 01:19:24,511 --> 01:19:29,307 I no longer believed in anything, in any salvation for the human species. 662 01:19:29,391 --> 01:19:32,102 You couldn't survive such a thing. 663 01:19:32,185 --> 01:19:34,020 We didn't deserve to live. 664 01:19:34,104 --> 01:19:36,022 No one deserved to live. 665 01:19:46,241 --> 01:19:51,204 How many times did I lay my cameras down to cry over what I'd seen? 666 01:21:42,607 --> 01:21:45,860 I remember, during the first plantation... 667 01:21:45,986 --> 01:21:49,906 I sometimes dreamt that everything had died. 668 01:21:51,533 --> 01:21:55,745 Because the soil was so bad here, so damaged... 669 01:21:55,829 --> 01:21:58,873 that I asked myself, "Will it ever grow?" 670 01:21:59,583 --> 01:22:03,753 The Mata Atlântica has 400 different species. 671 01:22:03,837 --> 01:22:06,756 Of course, we don't have all 400 of them... 672 01:22:06,840 --> 01:22:09,175 but each time, we plant... 673 01:22:09,301 --> 01:22:10,302 it's 100 species... 674 01:22:10,385 --> 01:22:11,761 150 species... 675 01:22:11,845 --> 01:22:15,974 After the first planting we lost 60%. 676 01:22:16,933 --> 01:22:19,853 After the second, we lost 40%. 677 01:22:19,936 --> 01:22:23,231 We had no book to teach us how to replant... 678 01:22:23,315 --> 01:22:24,899 a Mata Atlântica. 679 01:22:44,044 --> 01:22:45,962 I love coming up here... 680 01:22:46,630 --> 01:22:49,466 to see all these trees together... 681 01:22:49,549 --> 01:22:51,885 this mass of green forest. 682 01:22:52,886 --> 01:22:57,098 You can imagine what it took to plant all these trees. 683 01:23:00,894 --> 01:23:02,812 When I was a kid... 684 01:23:02,896 --> 01:23:05,440 we had a little waterfall. 685 01:23:06,399 --> 01:23:09,361 All year long, it cascaded down there. 686 01:23:09,444 --> 01:23:13,907 My sisters and I would walk here to the waterfall, for picnics. 687 01:23:15,075 --> 01:23:17,869 There was still an enormous forest. 688 01:23:17,952 --> 01:23:18,995 Later... 689 01:23:19,579 --> 01:23:23,041 the forest was cut down and the water vanished. 690 01:23:24,125 --> 01:23:27,462 Our forest is still young, it needs a lot of water. 691 01:23:29,422 --> 01:23:33,802 But in 10, 15 years, when this growth has stabilized... 692 01:23:33,885 --> 01:23:37,931 I'm sure we'll have a beautiful waterfall once more. 693 01:23:59,953 --> 01:24:01,121 You can see... 694 01:24:02,122 --> 01:24:04,332 lots of little paths... 695 01:24:04,416 --> 01:24:06,626 hundreds of them... 696 01:24:07,544 --> 01:24:09,421 That's where the cows walk. 697 01:24:10,296 --> 01:24:14,718 Each cow's hoof, as it touches the ground... 698 01:24:14,801 --> 01:24:18,221 presses down with 200 or 250 kilos on one small space. 699 01:24:18,304 --> 01:24:21,808 The soil flattens, it dries out... 700 01:24:21,891 --> 01:24:23,977 and nothing grows on it anymore. 701 01:24:24,060 --> 01:24:27,147 It's interesting to see the difference... 702 01:24:27,897 --> 01:24:32,569 between what the Instituto Terra was before, meadows like that... 703 01:24:32,652 --> 01:24:36,239 and what it is today, a completely rebuilt eco-system... 704 01:24:36,322 --> 01:24:38,491 with our 2 million trees. 705 01:25:00,513 --> 01:25:01,931 Here you can see... 706 01:25:02,015 --> 01:25:06,186 a cicada that sang until it died. 707 01:25:07,353 --> 01:25:10,940 I'm sure its body wasn't enclosed in the tree like that. 708 01:25:11,024 --> 01:25:14,778 The termites have built around it, assimilated it. 709 01:25:14,861 --> 01:25:16,863 It'll be buried in there. 710 01:25:26,122 --> 01:25:30,877 You look at a tree and you think only of its verticality, its beauty... 711 01:25:30,960 --> 01:25:36,299 But everything depends on the tree, our water, our oxygen... 712 01:25:36,382 --> 01:25:38,468 It's everyone's home. 713 01:25:38,551 --> 01:25:41,763 Ants, small insects, cicadas... 714 01:25:41,846 --> 01:25:43,389 they're all in there. 715 01:25:44,557 --> 01:25:49,270 It feels good to hold a tree you've helped to plant. 716 01:25:49,354 --> 01:25:52,982 It's already deeply rooted, firm in the ground... 717 01:25:53,066 --> 01:25:56,569 Thirty years from now, it'll be like this. 718 01:25:56,653 --> 01:25:59,656 It's still quite young, still growing. 719 01:26:00,824 --> 01:26:03,993 These are even younger ones, tiny ones. 720 01:26:04,077 --> 01:26:06,037 Maybe they sprouted last night... 721 01:26:06,788 --> 01:26:10,166 like Alice entering Wonderland. 722 01:26:10,250 --> 01:26:15,755 It's incredible that they'll become trees 40 meters or so high... 723 01:26:15,839 --> 01:26:18,758 and will live for 400 or 500 years. 724 01:26:19,551 --> 01:26:21,219 What power! 725 01:26:26,015 --> 01:26:30,353 To think that these three-month-old trees... 726 01:26:30,436 --> 01:26:32,939 will reach their apex in 400 years. 727 01:26:34,107 --> 01:26:38,778 Perhaps from there we could try to grasp... 728 01:26:38,862 --> 01:26:41,114 the concept of eternity. 729 01:26:41,197 --> 01:26:43,533 Maybe eternity is measurable. 730 01:26:46,578 --> 01:26:49,414 When I first said, "Let's plant a forest"... 731 01:26:49,497 --> 01:26:54,502 I thought that from a seed I'd grow a small tree, a small plant... 732 01:26:54,627 --> 01:26:57,797 Well, this isn't one small plant, it's a million! 733 01:26:59,299 --> 01:27:00,884 And it's not only for here. 734 01:27:00,967 --> 01:27:04,804 It's for the whole region, and further each time. 735 01:27:04,929 --> 01:27:08,182 What's wonderful is that an idea... 736 01:27:10,268 --> 01:27:12,520 can develop and grow. 737 01:27:12,645 --> 01:27:16,024 And it's no longer one person's idea, it's everyone's. 738 01:27:17,734 --> 01:27:21,487 Our technology can be reproduced almost everywhere. 739 01:27:21,571 --> 01:27:23,907 Of course, species differ. 740 01:27:23,990 --> 01:27:26,701 But the know-how is the same... 741 01:27:27,327 --> 01:27:29,245 for every tropical forest. 742 01:28:02,236 --> 01:28:03,947 We came to the conclusion... 743 01:28:04,030 --> 01:28:07,867 that I could do a new project related to the environment. 744 01:28:07,992 --> 01:28:11,204 Of course, I first thought... 745 01:28:11,287 --> 01:28:14,123 of denouncing the destruction of the forests... 746 01:28:14,207 --> 01:28:16,793 or the pollution of the oceans... 747 01:28:16,876 --> 01:28:17,877 whatever. 748 01:28:17,961 --> 01:28:21,714 Then we thought we'd do a different sort of project. 749 01:28:22,423 --> 01:28:24,717 We'd pay a tribute to the planet. 750 01:28:24,801 --> 01:28:27,512 And we were very surprised to discover... 751 01:28:27,595 --> 01:28:30,598 that almost half of the planet is still... 752 01:28:30,682 --> 01:28:33,142 like at the time of creation. 753 01:28:35,895 --> 01:28:40,400 Many of my friends said, "No, you shouldn't take that route. 754 01:28:40,566 --> 01:28:44,195 "It's risky. You're known as a social photographer... 755 01:28:44,278 --> 01:28:48,116 "And you're venturing into the field... 756 01:28:48,199 --> 01:28:52,161 "of landscape, or wildlife photography." 757 01:28:52,245 --> 01:28:54,622 I said, "I don't care, let's do it! 758 01:28:54,706 --> 01:28:58,292 "I have to learn to photograph that as well." 759 01:28:58,376 --> 01:29:00,420 And I started my first story. 760 01:29:00,503 --> 01:29:03,506 I wanted it to be Galapagos. 761 01:29:03,589 --> 01:29:07,927 I wanted to understand what Darwin had understood. 762 01:29:09,178 --> 01:29:11,014 The same species... 763 01:29:11,097 --> 01:29:14,308 in very different ecosystems... 764 01:29:14,434 --> 01:29:16,853 will evolve very differently. 765 01:29:19,272 --> 01:29:22,442 Looking at this detail of an iguana's paw... 766 01:29:22,525 --> 01:29:25,945 I can't help thinking... 767 01:29:26,029 --> 01:29:29,198 of the hand of a medieval knight... 768 01:29:29,282 --> 01:29:32,910 with those metallic scales to protect him. 769 01:29:36,372 --> 01:29:38,291 Looking at the paw's bone structure... 770 01:29:38,374 --> 01:29:41,961 I see that the iguana is also my cousin. 771 01:29:42,670 --> 01:29:45,381 That we came from the same cell. 772 01:29:48,843 --> 01:29:52,930 When you're in front of a creature of that age... 773 01:29:53,014 --> 01:29:55,016 you're facing a real authority... 774 01:29:55,099 --> 01:29:57,769 with all those wrinkles, all that knowledge. 775 01:29:58,644 --> 01:30:00,188 When Darwin came here... 776 01:30:00,271 --> 01:30:04,650 that turtle would already have been an adult. 777 01:30:04,734 --> 01:30:06,903 Maybe it saw Darwin. Who knows? 778 01:30:09,197 --> 01:30:11,908 One day I was very tired... 779 01:30:11,991 --> 01:30:17,413 as we'd been walking a long time across some lava fields. 780 01:30:17,497 --> 01:30:19,499 I lay down on the beach to rest... 781 01:30:20,416 --> 01:30:23,461 and I felt something touch my leg. 782 01:30:23,544 --> 01:30:26,589 I looked and it was a sea lion. 783 01:30:26,672 --> 01:30:28,674 Another one came up beside us. 784 01:30:28,758 --> 01:30:31,135 We were three sea lions! 785 01:30:31,844 --> 01:30:35,807 They didn't see man as a predator, nor as a threat. 786 01:30:38,184 --> 01:30:41,187 That was my first nature report... 787 01:30:41,354 --> 01:30:44,482 the first time I photographed other animals. 788 01:30:48,027 --> 01:30:51,823 For eight years, I took my time observing. 789 01:30:53,491 --> 01:30:55,618 The main thing was to understand... 790 01:30:55,701 --> 01:30:59,664 that I'm as much a part of nature as a turtle, or a tree... 791 01:30:59,747 --> 01:31:01,249 or a pebble. 792 01:32:18,284 --> 01:32:20,286 Amazing how he looks at us... 793 01:32:20,369 --> 01:32:22,121 Indeed... 794 01:32:23,456 --> 01:32:25,541 There's depth in there! 795 01:32:25,625 --> 01:32:28,628 He was coming closer, I was photographing him... 796 01:32:28,711 --> 01:32:30,254 his hand in his mouth... 797 01:32:30,796 --> 01:32:34,425 He was seeing himself in a mirror for the first time... 798 01:32:34,508 --> 01:32:36,219 the front of the lens. 799 01:32:36,302 --> 01:32:39,263 He was taking his finger out, putting it back... 800 01:32:39,347 --> 01:32:41,057 realizing that it was him. 801 01:32:41,140 --> 01:32:46,312 He was becoming aware of his image, and I sensed total identification. 802 01:33:01,035 --> 01:33:03,120 They are families like ours... 803 01:33:03,204 --> 01:33:06,249 with grandfathers, fathers, grandchildren. 804 01:33:08,834 --> 01:33:12,255 They respect each other. 805 01:33:12,338 --> 01:33:17,051 And when you visit them, you have to be polite... 806 01:33:17,176 --> 01:33:19,762 to stand in a certain way... 807 01:33:19,845 --> 01:33:22,640 you have to respect their territory. 808 01:33:22,723 --> 01:33:25,101 And then you're welcomed. 809 01:33:26,811 --> 01:33:30,314 I also befriended a whale. 810 01:33:34,402 --> 01:33:36,696 These are whales... 811 01:33:38,281 --> 01:33:39,657 in Argentina. 812 01:33:42,285 --> 01:33:45,871 An adult like this is 35 meters long, weighs about 40 tons. 813 01:33:47,081 --> 01:33:49,458 She came so close to the boat... 814 01:33:49,542 --> 01:33:51,711 I could touch her. 815 01:33:51,794 --> 01:33:54,505 And it was incredible. Such sensitive skin! 816 01:33:54,588 --> 01:33:56,215 As I was caressing her... 817 01:33:56,299 --> 01:34:00,720 I could see her tail, 35 meters away, trembling. 818 01:34:00,803 --> 01:34:02,388 Incredible sensitivity. 819 01:34:03,055 --> 01:34:07,351 We had a small boat, just 7> meters long. 820 01:34:07,893 --> 01:34:10,604 She knew she could have sunk us. 821 01:34:10,688 --> 01:34:13,524 But she never once hit the boat. Not once! 822 01:34:13,607 --> 01:34:16,736 As we left, she began tapping her tail... 823 01:35:00,571 --> 01:35:02,865 That's like another planet! 824 01:35:02,948 --> 01:35:05,284 It's quite incredible. 825 01:35:05,368 --> 01:35:10,039 Let me see if I have another photo of the Nenets. 826 01:35:11,332 --> 01:35:15,252 See, everything a Nenet owns is here. 827 01:35:16,670 --> 01:35:18,005 That's their house. 828 01:35:22,551 --> 01:35:26,263 I'd been planning this work on the Nenets for a long time. 829 01:35:27,306 --> 01:35:31,560 About eighteen people, with six thousand reindeer... 830 01:35:31,644 --> 01:35:33,813 constantly migrating. 831 01:35:35,981 --> 01:35:39,068 This must be about seven in the evening. 832 01:35:39,151 --> 01:35:42,279 At about eight in the evening they'd light a fire... 833 01:35:42,363 --> 01:35:45,116 and cook the only hot meal of the day. 834 01:35:46,033 --> 01:35:49,495 After the meal, we'd chat a bit. Everybody talked. 835 01:35:49,578 --> 01:35:51,080 They'd put out the fire. 836 01:35:51,163 --> 01:35:57,169 While the fire was burning, it was 15 to 20 degrees, quite nice. 837 01:35:57,294 --> 01:35:59,797 Two hours later, it was minus thirty. 838 01:36:03,050 --> 01:36:06,429 They're the real cowboys of Siberia. 839 01:36:06,512 --> 01:36:09,223 They always have their lasso... 840 01:36:09,306 --> 01:36:12,435 made of reindeer skin, around their necks. 841 01:36:13,352 --> 01:36:18,190 They have boots made of silver-fox skin. 842 01:36:19,024 --> 01:36:22,528 They sleep with them. Those boots last a lifetime. 843 01:36:37,793 --> 01:36:41,130 The Ob is a very special river... 844 01:36:41,213 --> 01:36:43,048 a huge Siberian river. 845 01:36:44,049 --> 01:36:47,678 At this spot, it's about 47 kilometers wide. 846 01:36:50,723 --> 01:36:54,852 Once past the Ob, you're in the Arctic Circle. 847 01:36:56,896 --> 01:36:59,482 There's no horizon, there's nothing. 848 01:36:59,565 --> 01:37:04,069 You are on a white plate, as wide as the universe. 849 01:37:57,790 --> 01:38:03,337 There were accounts of the Zo'é in 16th-century Jesuit writings. 850 01:38:03,420 --> 01:38:06,882 They went to Amazonia and spoke about these people... 851 01:38:06,966 --> 01:38:10,052 who wore a tube of wood inside their lower lip. 852 01:38:10,135 --> 01:38:13,430 These Indians were never seen again. 853 01:38:13,514 --> 01:38:15,975 It was believed to be a fairytale... 854 01:38:16,058 --> 01:38:18,394 or an invention by the Jesuits... 855 01:38:18,477 --> 01:38:20,980 until the end of the eighties... 856 01:38:21,063 --> 01:38:23,732 when these Indians were contacted again. 857 01:39:53,405 --> 01:39:55,741 These Indians really live in a paradise. 858 01:39:56,909 --> 01:39:59,244 It's the only place I've found... 859 01:39:59,328 --> 01:40:02,498 where the women have 3 or 4 or 5 husbands... 860 01:40:03,082 --> 01:40:05,626 and the husbands have as many wives. 861 01:40:06,919 --> 01:40:08,921 Each woman has a hunting husband... 862 01:40:09,588 --> 01:40:11,548 a fishing husband... 863 01:40:11,632 --> 01:40:14,677 a farming husband... 864 01:40:15,302 --> 01:40:19,598 one who's a handyman, who helps around the house... 865 01:40:19,765 --> 01:40:22,101 The women have enormous power. 866 01:40:22,184 --> 01:40:26,021 They have an influence over some of the men... 867 01:40:26,105 --> 01:40:27,773 that's quite considerable. 868 01:41:00,514 --> 01:41:04,893 One thing I always found interesting about all these peoples... 869 01:41:04,977 --> 01:41:08,689 was their perfect consciousness of their appearance. 870 01:41:09,356 --> 01:41:11,775 When I was about to take a photo... 871 01:41:11,859 --> 01:41:15,821 they'd know I was going to make a representation of their image. 872 01:41:16,822 --> 01:41:20,159 At first they'd be eager, then, they'd lose interest. 873 01:41:21,660 --> 01:41:23,829 It wasn't their world. 874 01:41:23,912 --> 01:41:27,458 On the other hand, they were very interested in my knife. 875 01:41:27,541 --> 01:41:32,254 My friend Ypô made me swear to give him my knife. 876 01:41:32,337 --> 01:41:35,007 But the National Indian Foundation... 877 01:41:35,090 --> 01:41:38,677 made me promise not to give any of my objects to the Indians... 878 01:41:38,761 --> 01:41:42,014 to protect their purity. 879 01:41:42,681 --> 01:41:45,100 So he said, "Let's make a deal. 880 01:41:45,184 --> 01:41:47,144 "They day you leave... 881 01:41:47,227 --> 01:41:49,897 "throw your knife out of the airplane window. 882 01:41:49,980 --> 01:41:52,441 "I'll follow the plane's path... 883 01:41:52,524 --> 01:41:54,401 "and I'll find your knife!" 884 01:42:12,753 --> 01:42:15,297 These plants are very old. 885 01:42:15,380 --> 01:42:18,091 They've been here for 40 or 50 years. 886 01:42:22,554 --> 01:42:24,765 They're wonderful plants... 887 01:42:25,891 --> 01:42:27,392 samambaia. 888 01:42:27,476 --> 01:42:31,772 A plant of the shade, from the heart of our forest... 889 01:42:31,855 --> 01:42:34,066 from the highest parts. 890 01:42:35,484 --> 01:42:37,736 It reminds me of my mother's hair. 891 01:42:37,820 --> 01:42:40,572 My mother was very beautiful. 892 01:42:43,242 --> 01:42:45,953 These were her plants, and after she died... 893 01:42:47,037 --> 01:42:49,957 Dad took care of them until he passed away. 894 01:42:50,040 --> 01:42:51,917 Then, we brought them here. 895 01:42:58,173 --> 01:43:00,175 Look, it's raining. 896 01:43:00,259 --> 01:43:01,510 Beautiful rain. 897 01:43:19,820 --> 01:43:23,282 This land is extremely important to us. 898 01:43:24,157 --> 01:43:27,452 We're completing a cycle with this land. 899 01:43:28,203 --> 01:43:31,915 Within this cycle, we have spent our lives. 900 01:43:31,999 --> 01:43:33,834 The lives of my parents... 901 01:43:33,917 --> 01:43:37,045 the lives of my sisters... 902 01:43:37,129 --> 01:43:39,798 a large part of my life... 903 01:43:40,465 --> 01:43:45,429 And today, we're living our lives here again... 904 01:43:45,512 --> 01:43:47,139 Lélia and I. 905 01:43:48,181 --> 01:43:50,559 This land continues to tell our story. 906 01:43:50,642 --> 01:43:54,688 It formed my childhood and accompanies my old age. 907 01:43:54,771 --> 01:43:57,399 And when I die... 908 01:43:57,482 --> 01:44:02,237 this forest will once again be like when I was born. 909 01:44:02,321 --> 01:44:04,865 And the cycle will be complete. 910 01:44:05,574 --> 01:44:07,659 It's the story of my life.