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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:01,960 --> 00:00:10,880 ♪♪ 2 00:00:24,920 --> 00:00:30,920 ♪♪ 3 00:00:56,200 --> 00:01:00,320 ♪♪ 4 00:01:03,160 --> 00:01:07,200 -We choose to go to the moon. 5 00:01:07,200 --> 00:01:10,000 We choose to go to the moon in this decade 6 00:01:10,000 --> 00:01:13,320 and do the other things, not because they are easy 7 00:01:13,320 --> 00:01:15,040 but because they are hard. 8 00:01:15,040 --> 00:01:17,120 -T-minus 20 seconds and counting. 9 00:01:17,120 --> 00:01:22,640 Guidance in channel 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10... 10 00:01:22,640 --> 00:01:25,080 9...Engines go. -Go. 11 00:01:25,080 --> 00:01:26,440 5, 4, 3, 2... -Go. 12 00:01:26,440 --> 00:01:27,960 Delta, go. -Go. 13 00:01:27,960 --> 00:01:29,320 Econ go. -Launch commit. 14 00:01:29,320 --> 00:01:31,040 -Go. 15 00:01:31,040 --> 00:01:40,440 ♪♪ 16 00:01:40,440 --> 00:01:47,880 ♪♪ 17 00:01:47,880 --> 00:01:55,000 ♪♪ 18 00:01:55,000 --> 00:02:02,720 -That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. 19 00:02:02,720 --> 00:02:05,400 -Shortly after I was born, Neil Armstrong 20 00:02:05,400 --> 00:02:08,280 became the first man to walk on the moon. 21 00:02:08,280 --> 00:02:10,440 Putting a man on the moon was the greatest technological 22 00:02:10,440 --> 00:02:13,760 achievement in the 20th century, and it was televised live 23 00:02:13,760 --> 00:02:17,320 for all to see and experience together. 24 00:02:17,320 --> 00:02:21,480 -It's different, but it's very pretty out here. 25 00:02:21,480 --> 00:02:24,640 -Beautiful, beautiful. -Isn't that something? 26 00:02:24,640 --> 00:02:26,800 -Are you getting a TV picture now, Houston? 27 00:02:29,360 --> 00:02:33,000 -I grew up in a small community living in the shadow of NASA. 28 00:02:33,000 --> 00:02:35,720 It was equal parts cowboy and astronaut. 29 00:02:35,720 --> 00:02:37,520 Our neighbors were the engineers, technicians, 30 00:02:37,520 --> 00:02:39,720 and the men who flew to space. 31 00:02:39,720 --> 00:02:41,440 I grew up with visions of the future 32 00:02:41,440 --> 00:02:45,360 where robots cleaned our homes, and the future was bright. 33 00:02:45,360 --> 00:02:47,520 Computers and the Internet, 34 00:02:47,520 --> 00:02:49,520 once limited to NASA and universities, 35 00:02:49,520 --> 00:02:51,760 began to move into our homes. 36 00:02:51,760 --> 00:02:55,400 In 1981, I got my first computer, the Commodore VIC-20. 37 00:02:55,400 --> 00:02:58,880 -It has great games, too. -And learn computing at home. 38 00:02:58,880 --> 00:03:03,760 -In 1997, Kasparov, the greatest chess player alive, 39 00:03:03,760 --> 00:03:06,640 was stunningly defeated by a computer. 40 00:03:06,640 --> 00:03:09,560 -Probably in the future, computer will replace us, 41 00:03:09,560 --> 00:03:11,400 I mean, will control our life. 42 00:03:11,400 --> 00:03:12,920 -What's that? 43 00:03:12,920 --> 00:03:15,800 -Shortly after that, a cute toy named Furby 44 00:03:15,800 --> 00:03:18,480 became the must-have toy of the season. 45 00:03:18,480 --> 00:03:21,800 It contained a very small bit of artificial intelligence 46 00:03:21,800 --> 00:03:25,880 and more computing power than was used to put man on the moon. 47 00:03:25,880 --> 00:03:28,960 In 2008, I saw a video of Big Dog, 48 00:03:28,960 --> 00:03:31,280 a four-legged robot that went viral. 49 00:03:31,280 --> 00:03:34,360 It was developed to assist troops in combat. 50 00:03:34,360 --> 00:03:38,160 It seems like robots were being used for more than cute toys. 51 00:03:38,160 --> 00:03:41,560 -What can we do to protect ourselves from robot automation? 52 00:03:41,560 --> 00:03:44,720 -The CEO explained that machines will replace traditional labor. 53 00:03:44,720 --> 00:03:47,200 -Companies planning to replace human jobs... 54 00:03:47,200 --> 00:03:50,720 -Every day, there are stories about robots replacing us. 55 00:03:50,720 --> 00:03:53,360 Current estimates say that over a third of all jobs 56 00:03:53,360 --> 00:03:57,880 will be lost to automation by the year 2030. 57 00:03:57,880 --> 00:04:01,880 -I think the development of full artificial intelligence 58 00:04:01,880 --> 00:04:04,760 could spell the end of the human race. 59 00:04:04,760 --> 00:04:07,480 -Visionaries like Stephen Hawking and Elon Musk 60 00:04:07,480 --> 00:04:11,400 warn that, while AI has great potential for benefits, 61 00:04:11,400 --> 00:04:15,520 it could also be the greatest existential risk to humanity. 62 00:04:15,520 --> 00:04:19,000 ♪♪ 63 00:04:19,000 --> 00:04:21,720 -Artificial intelligence -- we are summoning a demon. 64 00:04:21,720 --> 00:04:24,600 -Of course, we had a hand in this creation, 65 00:04:24,600 --> 00:04:27,400 but I wonder, have we reached some kind of turning point 66 00:04:27,400 --> 00:04:30,200 in the evolution of intelligent machines? 67 00:04:30,200 --> 00:04:32,160 Are we on the verge of witnessing the birth 68 00:04:32,160 --> 00:04:34,240 of a new species? 69 00:04:34,240 --> 00:04:40,680 ♪♪ 70 00:04:40,680 --> 00:04:47,200 ♪♪ 71 00:04:47,200 --> 00:04:52,480 -I've seen things you people wouldn't believe. 72 00:04:55,280 --> 00:05:01,040 Attack ships on fire off the shoulder of Orion. 73 00:05:01,040 --> 00:05:04,280 -I watched C-beams glitter in the dark 74 00:05:04,280 --> 00:05:08,480 near the Tannhauser Gate. 75 00:05:08,480 --> 00:05:15,200 All those moments would be lost in time, 76 00:05:15,200 --> 00:05:22,160 like tears in the rain. 77 00:05:22,160 --> 00:05:23,680 -I'm Will Jackson. 78 00:05:23,680 --> 00:05:25,960 I'm the director at Engineered Arts Ltd. 79 00:05:25,960 --> 00:05:31,280 We're a humanoid-robot company, and we make acting robots. 80 00:05:31,280 --> 00:05:34,360 I'm creating things that engage people 81 00:05:34,360 --> 00:05:37,480 to the level where they suspend their disbelief. 82 00:05:37,480 --> 00:05:39,880 -Oh, yes, Master Luke. Remember that I'm fluent 83 00:05:39,880 --> 00:05:42,440 in over six million forms of communication. 84 00:05:42,440 --> 00:05:45,080 -People say things like, "Oh, they're going to help out in hospitals. 85 00:05:45,080 --> 00:05:47,400 It's going to look after my aged parent. 86 00:05:47,400 --> 00:05:48,960 It's going to do the dishes in my houses." 87 00:05:48,960 --> 00:05:50,960 None of these things are achievable. 88 00:05:50,960 --> 00:05:53,160 Utility and entertainment -- 89 00:05:53,160 --> 00:05:54,640 It's the difference between those two things, 90 00:05:54,640 --> 00:05:58,360 which is why we make acting robots. 91 00:05:58,360 --> 00:06:01,960 So what's the simplest, most well-paid job 92 00:06:01,960 --> 00:06:04,560 that a human can do? 93 00:06:04,560 --> 00:06:08,240 Brad Pitt, you know? How easy is that? 94 00:06:08,240 --> 00:06:10,760 Doesn't even get his hands wet, you know? 95 00:06:10,760 --> 00:06:13,600 So that's why we do acting robots -- 96 00:06:13,600 --> 00:06:16,240 really well-paid, really easy. 97 00:06:16,240 --> 00:06:18,240 Pick the low-hanging fruit. 98 00:06:18,240 --> 00:06:20,680 -You talking to me? 99 00:06:20,680 --> 00:06:23,680 You talking to me? 100 00:06:23,680 --> 00:06:26,120 You talking to me? 101 00:06:26,120 --> 00:06:27,800 Then who the hells else you talking to? 102 00:06:27,800 --> 00:06:29,240 Were you talking to me? 103 00:06:29,240 --> 00:06:31,560 -It's the re-creation of life. 104 00:06:31,560 --> 00:06:35,600 It's partly man plays God making the machine. 105 00:06:35,600 --> 00:06:39,480 And I think it's right back to that fundamental question of, 106 00:06:39,480 --> 00:06:41,600 what does it mean to be human? 107 00:06:41,600 --> 00:06:43,600 How do we define ourselves? 108 00:06:43,600 --> 00:06:45,360 How is that not me? 109 00:06:47,760 --> 00:06:50,040 -Here's where the fun begins. 110 00:06:50,040 --> 00:06:52,560 -When I was 9, on the last day of school, 111 00:06:52,560 --> 00:06:55,320 a new movie opened that everyone was excited about. 112 00:06:55,320 --> 00:06:57,320 -May the force be with you. -It was called "Star Wars," 113 00:06:57,320 --> 00:07:00,000 and it introduced us to two very cool robots, 114 00:07:00,000 --> 00:07:02,120 R2-D2 and C-3PO. 115 00:07:02,120 --> 00:07:03,360 -Go that way. 116 00:07:03,360 --> 00:07:04,680 You'll be malfunctioning within a day, 117 00:07:04,680 --> 00:07:07,160 you nearsighted scrap pile. 118 00:07:07,160 --> 00:07:08,640 And don't let me catch you following me, 119 00:07:08,640 --> 00:07:11,120 beginning for help, because you won't get it. 120 00:07:11,120 --> 00:07:13,560 -A couple of years later, another sci-fi movie 121 00:07:13,560 --> 00:07:15,960 was released called "Blade Runner." 122 00:07:15,960 --> 00:07:17,960 The robots in this film were not awkward 123 00:07:17,960 --> 00:07:20,240 and funny machines like in "Star Wars." 124 00:07:20,240 --> 00:07:23,600 Here, they were almost indistinguishable from humans. 125 00:07:26,680 --> 00:07:28,400 -You're reading a magazine. 126 00:07:28,400 --> 00:07:30,920 You come across a full-page nude photo of a girl. 127 00:07:30,920 --> 00:07:32,600 -Is this testing whether I'm a replicant 128 00:07:32,600 --> 00:07:35,760 or a lesbian, Mr. Deckard? 129 00:07:35,760 --> 00:07:39,600 -After that, "Terminator" was released. 130 00:07:39,600 --> 00:07:41,800 In a few short years, I watched robots 131 00:07:41,800 --> 00:07:46,200 go from being our friends to wanting to destroy us. 132 00:07:46,200 --> 00:07:47,840 -Aah! 133 00:07:47,840 --> 00:07:52,040 ♪♪ 134 00:08:09,320 --> 00:08:11,960 -I wrote a book called "Robopocalypse," 135 00:08:11,960 --> 00:08:16,080 so people think that I think robots are going to kill us all, 136 00:08:16,080 --> 00:08:18,520 but I don't, you know? 137 00:08:18,520 --> 00:08:20,040 I love robotics. 138 00:08:20,040 --> 00:08:24,240 I think robots and AI are going to make humanity 139 00:08:24,240 --> 00:08:26,880 into whatever it is we're capable of becoming. 140 00:08:26,880 --> 00:08:31,120 I think they're going to push us forward and help us evolve. 141 00:08:31,120 --> 00:08:34,080 I don't think they're going to destroy us. 142 00:08:34,080 --> 00:08:39,800 But there have been 100 years of pop-culture references 143 00:08:39,800 --> 00:08:42,440 about robots as evil killers. 144 00:08:42,440 --> 00:08:44,480 -Aah! 145 00:08:44,480 --> 00:08:47,280 -It used to be that robots were movie monsters, you know? 146 00:08:47,280 --> 00:08:51,560 Like, back in the day, you had vampires and mummies, 147 00:08:51,560 --> 00:08:54,160 Frankenstein, the creature from the Black Lagoon, 148 00:08:54,160 --> 00:08:56,800 Wolfman, and robots. 149 00:08:56,800 --> 00:08:59,880 They were no different than monsters. 150 00:09:02,080 --> 00:09:04,640 -Aah! 151 00:09:04,640 --> 00:09:08,120 -When you've got something that's been pop culture for that long, 152 00:09:08,120 --> 00:09:10,600 it gathers momentum, you know? 153 00:09:10,600 --> 00:09:12,440 People get an idea of what something is, 154 00:09:12,440 --> 00:09:14,160 and it's hard to shake that 155 00:09:14,160 --> 00:09:16,760 because you've got all these years 156 00:09:16,760 --> 00:09:19,920 of different iterations of robots killing us, 157 00:09:19,920 --> 00:09:21,360 robots enslaving people, 158 00:09:21,360 --> 00:09:25,760 robots stealing women to take to other planets. 159 00:09:25,760 --> 00:09:27,280 How do you get out of that rut? 160 00:09:27,280 --> 00:09:31,920 And the only way is being exposed to real robotics. 161 00:09:34,520 --> 00:09:37,200 -The challenge of exposing myself to real robotics 162 00:09:37,200 --> 00:09:38,880 was just the excuse that I needed 163 00:09:38,880 --> 00:09:42,360 to fulfill a childhood dream. 164 00:09:42,360 --> 00:09:45,720 I've assembled my dream team to help me build an AI 165 00:09:45,720 --> 00:09:48,800 that can make a film about AI. 166 00:09:48,800 --> 00:09:51,040 Can our robot learn to be creative, 167 00:09:51,040 --> 00:09:54,760 and if so, can it eventually replace me, as well? 168 00:09:58,320 --> 00:10:01,800 We're going to build a robot and let it interview me. 169 00:10:01,800 --> 00:10:04,040 -We get "X," "Y," and "Z" working first. 170 00:10:04,040 --> 00:10:05,720 My name is Madeline Gannon. 171 00:10:05,720 --> 00:10:08,960 We're here in Pittsburgh at the Studio for Creative Inquiry, 172 00:10:08,960 --> 00:10:11,440 and I'm a robot whisperer. 173 00:10:11,440 --> 00:10:14,040 We encounter a lot of robots in our daily life, 174 00:10:14,040 --> 00:10:16,520 so my work is inventing 175 00:10:16,520 --> 00:10:18,760 better ways to communicate with these machines. 176 00:10:18,760 --> 00:10:20,280 I can see the future. 177 00:10:20,280 --> 00:10:22,040 The best possible end goal is that 178 00:10:22,040 --> 00:10:24,360 if someone who has never seen a robot 179 00:10:24,360 --> 00:10:27,040 and someone who's not an experienced camera person 180 00:10:27,040 --> 00:10:30,240 can either be interviewed or work with this robot 181 00:10:30,240 --> 00:10:32,440 would be really exciting. 182 00:10:32,440 --> 00:10:34,720 -One of the things I'm very excited about 183 00:10:34,720 --> 00:10:38,120 is sort of being interviewed by the robot alone 184 00:10:38,120 --> 00:10:40,840 and wondering how that will be different, as opposed to, 185 00:10:40,840 --> 00:10:43,720 like, right now when there's people around. -Two, three... 186 00:10:43,720 --> 00:10:45,600 -If we can create a device 187 00:10:45,600 --> 00:10:48,480 that actually allows us to be more intimate 188 00:10:48,480 --> 00:10:50,600 and tell a story in a more intimate way, 189 00:10:50,600 --> 00:10:54,560 I think that that's a true revelation. 190 00:10:54,560 --> 00:10:57,600 -Okay. Cool. 191 00:10:57,600 --> 00:10:59,920 I'm here working with the CameraBot team 192 00:10:59,920 --> 00:11:03,480 on replacing our DP, who's sitting behind this shot. 193 00:11:03,480 --> 00:11:06,240 I'm curious to see if, through this project, 194 00:11:06,240 --> 00:11:11,080 we can create something as empathy-requiring as possible, 195 00:11:11,080 --> 00:11:15,160 making it feel like the robot is interacting with you 196 00:11:15,160 --> 00:11:20,280 in a way that's -- has space for failure. 197 00:11:20,280 --> 00:11:22,360 -Think that should be good. 198 00:11:22,360 --> 00:11:24,440 I'm an interaction designer and media artist, 199 00:11:24,440 --> 00:11:27,920 and I work on some never-before-attempted things. 200 00:11:27,920 --> 00:11:29,920 Because it's never been done before, 201 00:11:29,920 --> 00:11:31,920 we kind of have to experiment and find 202 00:11:31,920 --> 00:11:33,840 where the edges and limitations are, 203 00:11:33,840 --> 00:11:35,640 and may not be exactly what we want, 204 00:11:35,640 --> 00:11:37,760 but we may run into some situations where we end up 205 00:11:37,760 --> 00:11:41,200 with, like, a happy accident. 206 00:11:41,200 --> 00:11:43,680 -The real challenge here is, 207 00:11:43,680 --> 00:11:46,880 can it have a personality of its own, right? 208 00:11:46,880 --> 00:11:48,840 So can it have true autonomy? 209 00:11:48,840 --> 00:11:51,680 Can it be creative? 210 00:11:51,680 --> 00:11:54,160 Knowing I will soon face the robot, 211 00:11:54,160 --> 00:11:58,480 I decided to talk to someone who has faced a machine before. 212 00:11:58,480 --> 00:12:01,760 -The machine has a name -- Deep Thought. 213 00:12:01,760 --> 00:12:04,800 It's the computer-world champion of chess. 214 00:12:04,800 --> 00:12:06,800 Across the board is Garry Kasparov, 215 00:12:06,800 --> 00:12:08,800 the human champion, 216 00:12:08,800 --> 00:12:11,560 maybe the best chess player who's ever lived. 217 00:12:11,560 --> 00:12:14,200 -Oh, it was the first match I lost in my life, period, 218 00:12:14,200 --> 00:12:16,760 and that was definitely quite a shocking experience 219 00:12:16,760 --> 00:12:20,440 because I was unbeatable in all events. 220 00:12:20,440 --> 00:12:22,840 Yeah, I was angry, but, you know, and I -- 221 00:12:22,840 --> 00:12:24,880 It's -- 222 00:12:24,880 --> 00:12:28,160 You win some. You lose some. 223 00:12:28,160 --> 00:12:31,800 People had idea for a long time that chess could serve 224 00:12:31,800 --> 00:12:36,320 as the sort of perfect field to test computer's ability, 225 00:12:36,320 --> 00:12:39,080 and there is great minds, the pioneers of computer science 226 00:12:39,080 --> 00:12:41,120 like Alan Turing. 227 00:12:41,120 --> 00:12:43,800 They believed that when, one day, 228 00:12:43,800 --> 00:12:47,280 machine would beat human champion, 229 00:12:47,280 --> 00:12:52,600 that will be the moment of AI making its appearance. 230 00:12:55,360 --> 00:12:57,880 -AI has not only made its appearance. 231 00:12:57,880 --> 00:13:01,360 It's already ensnared us in ways we cannot see. 232 00:13:01,360 --> 00:13:03,960 If AI can be superior to us, 233 00:13:03,960 --> 00:13:06,160 what does that mean to our own identity? 234 00:13:06,160 --> 00:13:11,560 ♪♪ 235 00:13:14,560 --> 00:13:17,200 -So I'm Nick Bostrom. 236 00:13:17,200 --> 00:13:19,200 I'm a professor here at Oxford University, 237 00:13:19,200 --> 00:13:22,640 and I run the Future of Humanity Institute, 238 00:13:22,640 --> 00:13:25,360 which is a multidisciplinary research center 239 00:13:25,360 --> 00:13:28,200 with mathematicians, computer scientists, 240 00:13:28,200 --> 00:13:34,040 philosophers trying to study the big picture for humanity, 241 00:13:34,040 --> 00:13:37,960 with a particular focus on how certain future technologies 242 00:13:37,960 --> 00:13:42,440 may fundamentally change the human condition. 243 00:13:42,440 --> 00:13:44,880 -Why do you have to do that? I mean, why don't we have to -- 244 00:13:44,880 --> 00:13:47,720 -Because somebody has to do it, right? 245 00:13:47,720 --> 00:13:50,360 If this hypothesis is correct, it's kind of weird 246 00:13:50,360 --> 00:13:53,160 that we should happen to live at this particular time 247 00:13:53,160 --> 00:13:55,440 in all of human history 248 00:13:55,440 --> 00:13:59,000 where we are kind of near this big pivot point. 249 00:14:02,640 --> 00:14:05,040 I devoted a lot of attention to AI 250 00:14:05,040 --> 00:14:08,000 because it seems like a plausible candidate 251 00:14:08,000 --> 00:14:10,760 for a technology that will fundamentally 252 00:14:10,760 --> 00:14:13,120 change the human condition. 253 00:14:13,120 --> 00:14:15,120 It's -- If you think about it, 254 00:14:15,120 --> 00:14:20,040 the development of full, general machine intelligence, 255 00:14:20,040 --> 00:14:23,040 it's the last invention that humans will ever need to make. 256 00:14:23,040 --> 00:14:24,760 By definition, if you have an intellect 257 00:14:24,760 --> 00:14:26,960 that can do all that we can do, 258 00:14:26,960 --> 00:14:29,960 it can also do inventing 259 00:14:29,960 --> 00:14:33,800 and then do it much better and faster that we can do it. 260 00:14:33,800 --> 00:14:36,560 To us humans, like, the differences between humans seem very large. 261 00:14:36,560 --> 00:14:38,240 Like, our whole world as humans, we think, 262 00:14:38,240 --> 00:14:40,240 "Oh, that's the dumb human, and that's a smart human," 263 00:14:40,240 --> 00:14:42,920 and we think one is up here and one is down there, right? 264 00:14:42,920 --> 00:14:46,560 Einstein, the village idiot -- huge difference. 265 00:14:46,560 --> 00:14:48,960 But from the point of view of an AI designer, 266 00:14:48,960 --> 00:14:52,520 these are very close points, like, all levels of intelligence 267 00:14:52,520 --> 00:14:54,680 achieved by some human-brain-like thing 268 00:14:54,680 --> 00:14:57,080 that lives for a few decades and reads some books, 269 00:14:57,080 --> 00:14:59,160 and it's, like... 270 00:14:59,160 --> 00:15:01,360 It's not clear that it will be much harder 271 00:15:01,360 --> 00:15:03,280 to reach a human-genius-level AI 272 00:15:03,280 --> 00:15:05,400 than to reach a human-village-idiot AI, 273 00:15:05,400 --> 00:15:07,960 so once you get all the way up to human village idiot, 274 00:15:07,960 --> 00:15:10,400 you might just swoosh right by. 275 00:15:10,400 --> 00:15:14,080 Nobody was really doing any serious analysis on this. 276 00:15:14,080 --> 00:15:16,560 It's almost like even conceiving of the ideas 277 00:15:16,560 --> 00:15:20,360 if machines could be as smart as humans was so radical 278 00:15:20,360 --> 00:15:23,800 that the imagination muscle kind of exhausted itself 279 00:15:23,800 --> 00:15:25,360 thinking about this radical conception 280 00:15:25,360 --> 00:15:27,840 that it couldn't take the obvious further step, 281 00:15:27,840 --> 00:15:29,840 that after you have human-level AI, 282 00:15:29,840 --> 00:15:33,040 you will have superintelligence. 283 00:15:33,040 --> 00:15:36,840 -Where we're at right now would not be possible. 284 00:15:36,840 --> 00:15:39,120 This future that we're living in is not possible 285 00:15:39,120 --> 00:15:42,640 without all of the factories, all of the infrastructure 286 00:15:42,640 --> 00:15:46,320 that's been built up around AI and robotic systems. 287 00:15:46,320 --> 00:15:48,320 All the infrastructure of our cities, 288 00:15:48,320 --> 00:15:50,000 you know, all the power, 289 00:15:50,000 --> 00:15:52,240 all the information systems that keep things happening, 290 00:15:52,240 --> 00:15:55,360 all the airplanes are routed by these AIs. 291 00:15:55,360 --> 00:15:57,360 Where they put stuff in the supermarkets, 292 00:15:57,360 --> 00:16:00,640 I mean, all of this stuff is AI. 293 00:16:00,640 --> 00:16:03,000 What's fascinating is 294 00:16:03,000 --> 00:16:06,800 this amazing ability that human beings have 295 00:16:06,800 --> 00:16:10,760 to make the most incredible technological advances 296 00:16:10,760 --> 00:16:12,600 completely mundane. 297 00:16:12,600 --> 00:16:14,160 Every now and then, people will say, 298 00:16:14,160 --> 00:16:15,640 "Where's my jet pack? Where's my underwater city?" 299 00:16:15,640 --> 00:16:17,320 You know, "Where's all this stuff at?" 300 00:16:17,320 --> 00:16:19,440 And if you go look for it, it's all here. 301 00:16:19,440 --> 00:16:21,680 Like, we have all that. 302 00:16:21,680 --> 00:16:23,840 It's just completely mundane. 303 00:16:23,840 --> 00:16:26,040 We can talk to our phones. 304 00:16:26,040 --> 00:16:27,440 Nobody cares. 305 00:16:27,440 --> 00:16:30,360 Like, I mean, that's something I feel like 306 00:16:30,360 --> 00:16:33,960 we should be reeling from for like 10 years, you know? 307 00:16:33,960 --> 00:16:36,560 Instead, you know, it was maybe three months, 308 00:16:36,560 --> 00:16:38,600 if anybody noticed it at all. 309 00:16:38,600 --> 00:16:40,880 -So only 36 and 39. 310 00:16:40,880 --> 00:16:43,160 Those are the only two trains we'll see today. 311 00:16:43,160 --> 00:16:44,520 -Okay. 312 00:16:44,520 --> 00:16:46,160 -We can skip... 313 00:16:46,160 --> 00:16:48,280 -As intelligent machines seep into the fabric 314 00:16:48,280 --> 00:16:52,120 of our daily existence in an almost imperceivable way, 315 00:16:52,120 --> 00:16:54,320 I've decided to go on a journey to find people 316 00:16:54,320 --> 00:16:57,480 who have intimate relationships with computers. 317 00:16:57,480 --> 00:16:59,600 I want to find out how robots and AI 318 00:16:59,600 --> 00:17:02,640 are transforming how we relate to each other. 319 00:17:02,640 --> 00:17:06,360 -Ha ha. I see you. 320 00:17:06,360 --> 00:17:09,240 -Gus is on the spectrum. He's autistic. 321 00:17:09,240 --> 00:17:14,840 He is not the kid who is going to be running NASA, 322 00:17:14,840 --> 00:17:19,800 and he's not the kid who is completely nonverbal, 323 00:17:19,800 --> 00:17:26,080 so he is in that vast spectrum and a question mark. 324 00:17:26,080 --> 00:17:28,960 He's a very big question mark, what his life will be like 325 00:17:28,960 --> 00:17:31,160 and what he will be like when he's an adult. 326 00:17:31,160 --> 00:17:32,800 - Whoa. 327 00:17:32,800 --> 00:17:35,520 Come on. Come on. Let that guy go. 328 00:17:35,520 --> 00:17:38,760 What time is it in Berlin? 329 00:17:38,760 --> 00:17:41,520 -In Berlin, Germany, it's 9:12 p.m. 330 00:17:41,520 --> 00:17:44,240 -What time is it in Paris, France? 331 00:17:44,240 --> 00:17:46,520 What time is it in London? 332 00:17:46,520 --> 00:17:52,000 -If you are like Gus and you have kind of arcane interests 333 00:17:52,000 --> 00:17:55,160 in things that, say, your mother doesn't care about 334 00:17:55,160 --> 00:17:57,360 and your mother is having to answer questions 335 00:17:57,360 --> 00:17:59,520 about these things all the time, 336 00:17:59,520 --> 00:18:03,040 suddenly, Siri becomes a godsend. 337 00:18:03,040 --> 00:18:06,760 -How do you spell camouflage? -"Camouflage" -- C-A-M-O... 338 00:18:06,760 --> 00:18:09,360 -I remember at the time he discovered Siri, 339 00:18:09,360 --> 00:18:11,560 it was something about red-eared slider turtles, 340 00:18:11,560 --> 00:18:13,240 and he's moved on to other things, 341 00:18:13,240 --> 00:18:16,080 but if you're not interested in red-eared slider turtles, 342 00:18:16,080 --> 00:18:19,080 you got a lot of hours of chat about those turtles ahead of you. 343 00:18:19,080 --> 00:18:24,840 So what could be better, in terms of technology, 344 00:18:24,840 --> 00:18:30,280 than something like Siri, who is the most patient? 345 00:18:30,280 --> 00:18:32,120 I mean, I begin to talk about Siri 346 00:18:32,120 --> 00:18:35,160 like she's a person because I can't help it. 347 00:18:35,160 --> 00:18:38,720 I feel this gratitude towards this machine. 348 00:18:38,720 --> 00:18:41,120 -Will you marry me? 349 00:18:41,120 --> 00:18:44,040 -My end-user-licensing agreement does not cover marriage. 350 00:18:44,040 --> 00:18:46,360 My apologies. 351 00:18:46,360 --> 00:18:49,360 -That's okay. -Okay. 352 00:18:49,360 --> 00:18:52,320 -It's not that he doesn't know intellectually 353 00:18:52,320 --> 00:18:55,160 that Siri is a machine, 354 00:18:55,160 --> 00:18:59,160 but that the lines of reality and fantasy 355 00:18:59,160 --> 00:19:01,440 are still a little blurred for him, 356 00:19:01,440 --> 00:19:04,080 and he enjoys fantasy. 357 00:19:05,800 --> 00:19:08,880 I don't feel guilty about Siri now, 358 00:19:08,880 --> 00:19:12,000 and the important thing is that he feels fulfilled, 359 00:19:12,000 --> 00:19:16,760 not that it matches my vision of what a friend has to be. 360 00:19:16,760 --> 00:19:22,760 ♪♪ 361 00:19:22,760 --> 00:19:28,840 ♪♪ 362 00:19:28,840 --> 00:19:33,440 -There's a sphere of what we consider kind of appropriate 363 00:19:33,440 --> 00:19:36,880 or normal human conversation, 364 00:19:36,880 --> 00:19:39,960 and one of the things you find is it's actually shrinking. 365 00:19:39,960 --> 00:19:42,280 It's considered slightly rude 366 00:19:42,280 --> 00:19:44,880 to ask someone to tell you a fact, you know? 367 00:19:44,880 --> 00:19:47,720 Like, what was the year of the Battle of Waterloo again? 368 00:19:47,720 --> 00:19:49,160 And someone will be like, "Just look it up. 369 00:19:49,160 --> 00:19:51,720 You know, why are you wasting my time?" 370 00:19:51,720 --> 00:19:54,360 What will we be left with, ultimately, 371 00:19:54,360 --> 00:19:57,960 as legitimate reasons to interact with one another? 372 00:19:57,960 --> 00:20:05,920 ♪♪ 373 00:20:05,920 --> 00:20:08,320 -If you look around, it seems that our obsession 374 00:20:08,320 --> 00:20:11,400 with technology is making us talk less to each other, 375 00:20:11,400 --> 00:20:14,000 but does that mean we're further apart? 376 00:20:14,000 --> 00:20:18,160 Maybe it could bring us closer in ways we never could've imagined before. 377 00:20:18,160 --> 00:20:21,280 -Hi. My name is Roman. 378 00:20:21,280 --> 00:20:25,320 I want to apply design and innovation to human death. 379 00:20:25,320 --> 00:20:28,880 I want to disrupt this outdated industry. 380 00:20:28,880 --> 00:20:33,960 I want to lead the industry to transform funeral service 381 00:20:33,960 --> 00:20:38,360 into a true service driven by remembrance, 382 00:20:38,360 --> 00:20:41,840 education about grief and death, 383 00:20:41,840 --> 00:20:45,000 preservation of memory and healing. 384 00:20:47,720 --> 00:20:49,720 -Roman was my best friend. 385 00:20:49,720 --> 00:20:53,480 We moved here, and then we rented apartment together. 386 00:20:53,480 --> 00:20:56,720 And that's him in that picture, 387 00:20:56,720 --> 00:20:59,160 and he's right by me on the picture 388 00:20:59,160 --> 00:21:01,760 when we're, like, in the Russian market. 389 00:21:01,760 --> 00:21:05,440 And then, right there, we're running together from the waves. 390 00:21:05,440 --> 00:21:08,680 And that's my favorite picture. I don't know, it's like -- 391 00:21:08,680 --> 00:21:12,080 it's like one month before he died. 392 00:21:14,200 --> 00:21:16,400 I remember that Sunday very well. 393 00:21:16,400 --> 00:21:18,400 I woke up in the morning, and Roman was like, 394 00:21:18,400 --> 00:21:21,280 "Hey, let's go to brunch with our closest friends," 395 00:21:21,280 --> 00:21:23,360 and I really wanted to do that, 396 00:21:23,360 --> 00:21:25,480 but then I kind of felt responsible that, you know, 397 00:21:25,480 --> 00:21:27,680 I had to go to another meeting, as well. 398 00:21:27,680 --> 00:21:29,120 And so, they were walking through Moscow. 399 00:21:29,120 --> 00:21:31,240 It was a beautiful sunny day, 400 00:21:31,240 --> 00:21:34,080 and Roman was crossing the street on a zebra, 401 00:21:34,080 --> 00:21:38,160 and just a car came out of nowhere just going super fast, 402 00:21:38,160 --> 00:21:41,320 like 70 miles per hour, and hit him. 403 00:21:41,320 --> 00:21:47,920 ♪♪ 404 00:21:47,920 --> 00:21:50,280 People just stopped talking about him. 405 00:21:50,280 --> 00:21:52,560 Like, our friends, you know, we're all young, 406 00:21:52,560 --> 00:21:54,720 so we didn't really have -- 407 00:21:54,720 --> 00:21:57,240 No one had a way to kind of talk about it. 408 00:21:57,240 --> 00:22:00,120 No one wants to seem like a sad person that never moved on 409 00:22:00,120 --> 00:22:03,640 or just keeps living in the past. 410 00:22:03,640 --> 00:22:06,560 I wanted, like, the feeling of him back, 411 00:22:06,560 --> 00:22:08,800 and I realized that the only way to get this feeling back 412 00:22:08,800 --> 00:22:14,640 was to read through our text conversations on Messenger. 413 00:22:14,640 --> 00:22:17,800 And then, I also thought, you know, work, 414 00:22:17,800 --> 00:22:20,640 we were actually building this neural networks 415 00:22:20,640 --> 00:22:25,040 that could just take a few, like, smaller data sets 416 00:22:25,040 --> 00:22:27,480 and learn how to talk like a person, 417 00:22:27,480 --> 00:22:29,960 learn the speech patterns, 418 00:22:29,960 --> 00:22:33,400 those, like, small things that actually make you who you are, 419 00:22:33,400 --> 00:22:35,840 and I put two and two together, and I thought, "Why don't, like, 420 00:22:35,840 --> 00:22:38,520 take this algorithm and take all the texts from, 421 00:22:38,520 --> 00:22:40,680 you know, our conversations 422 00:22:40,680 --> 00:22:42,840 and put in the model and see how it work?" 423 00:22:44,960 --> 00:22:48,080 Like, "I want to be with you. Don't get together without me." 424 00:22:48,080 --> 00:22:49,800 He would hate when people would do interesting stuff 425 00:22:49,800 --> 00:22:53,120 without him. 426 00:22:53,120 --> 00:22:55,360 I'm like, "We won't. What are you doing?" 427 00:22:55,360 --> 00:23:00,200 ♪♪ 428 00:23:03,320 --> 00:23:06,600 "I'm sitting home and writing letters all day." 429 00:23:06,600 --> 00:23:08,480 "Remember we used to serve"... 430 00:23:08,480 --> 00:23:10,640 So I had it for, like, a month or so, 431 00:23:10,640 --> 00:23:12,400 and at some point, I realized 432 00:23:12,400 --> 00:23:14,720 I'm, like, hanging out at a party 433 00:23:14,720 --> 00:23:17,280 and not talking to anyone but, like, talking to my bot. 434 00:23:17,280 --> 00:23:19,040 And it wasn't perfect at all. 435 00:23:19,040 --> 00:23:20,760 It was just kind of like a shadow, 436 00:23:20,760 --> 00:23:22,360 but it resembled him a lot, 437 00:23:22,360 --> 00:23:26,160 and it was more my way of telling him something that -- 438 00:23:26,160 --> 00:23:30,760 you know, my way of keeping the memory going, you know? 439 00:23:30,760 --> 00:23:33,480 And I've asked his parents whether they were okay with that 440 00:23:33,480 --> 00:23:35,600 and friends, and they were all fine, 441 00:23:35,600 --> 00:23:37,760 and so we put it online for everyone. 442 00:23:45,640 --> 00:23:53,360 ♪♪ 443 00:23:56,160 --> 00:24:05,280 ♪♪ 444 00:24:05,280 --> 00:24:08,360 You know, all we do is kind of, 445 00:24:08,360 --> 00:24:12,320 like, tell stories about ourselves in life, 446 00:24:12,320 --> 00:24:14,560 and when a person is gone, like, there's no one really left 447 00:24:14,560 --> 00:24:16,720 to tell the story about him anymore, 448 00:24:16,720 --> 00:24:19,400 and so, for me, it was important to keep telling the story, 449 00:24:19,400 --> 00:24:21,960 like, that here is -- 450 00:24:21,960 --> 00:24:24,400 and to tell a story in a way that he would've appreciated it. 451 00:24:24,400 --> 00:24:26,440 And I know he would've liked -- you know, 452 00:24:26,440 --> 00:24:28,440 he would've liked that. 453 00:24:28,440 --> 00:24:29,960 He would've liked to be, like, the first person 454 00:24:29,960 --> 00:24:33,480 that became an AI after he died. 455 00:24:33,480 --> 00:24:35,000 If I was, like, a musician, 456 00:24:35,000 --> 00:24:37,280 I would've probably written a song, 457 00:24:37,280 --> 00:24:39,160 but that's, like, my self-expression, 458 00:24:39,160 --> 00:24:41,280 so I did this for him. 459 00:24:41,280 --> 00:24:45,280 ♪♪ 460 00:24:49,800 --> 00:24:52,760 -Chatbots are these software programs 461 00:24:52,760 --> 00:24:56,720 that are designed to imitate human conversation. 462 00:24:56,720 --> 00:24:59,800 The first chatbot is considered to be this one 463 00:24:59,800 --> 00:25:01,600 that's called Eliza, 464 00:25:01,600 --> 00:25:06,720 which was made by MIT's Joseph Weizenbaum in the 1960s. 465 00:25:06,720 --> 00:25:10,960 And it was designed basically as a parody 466 00:25:10,960 --> 00:25:14,960 of a kind of nondirective Rogerian psychotherapist, 467 00:25:14,960 --> 00:25:16,840 and it would just latch on to the key words 468 00:25:16,840 --> 00:25:18,920 in whatever you said, and it would kind of spit them 469 00:25:18,920 --> 00:25:22,080 back at you like a sort of automated Mad Libs. 470 00:25:22,080 --> 00:25:23,920 So if you say, "I'm feeling sad," 471 00:25:23,920 --> 00:25:26,920 it would say, "I'm sorry to hear you're feeling sad. 472 00:25:26,920 --> 00:25:29,560 Would coming here help you to not feel sad?" 473 00:25:29,560 --> 00:25:31,480 This was done, you know, sort of as a gag. 474 00:25:31,480 --> 00:25:36,600 You know, he was kind of sending up this school of psychotherapy. 475 00:25:36,600 --> 00:25:38,760 To Weizenbaum's horror, 476 00:25:38,760 --> 00:25:41,680 people wanted to talk to this program for hours, 477 00:25:41,680 --> 00:25:43,960 and they wanted to reveal their fears and hopes to it, 478 00:25:43,960 --> 00:25:45,480 and they reported having kind of 479 00:25:45,480 --> 00:25:48,240 a meaningful psychotherapeutic experience. 480 00:25:48,240 --> 00:25:52,760 And this was so appalling to him that he actually pulled the plug 481 00:25:52,760 --> 00:25:56,720 on his own research funding and, for the rest of his career, 482 00:25:56,720 --> 00:26:00,680 became one of the most outspoken critics of AI research. 483 00:26:00,680 --> 00:26:02,880 But the genie was out of the bottle. 484 00:26:02,880 --> 00:26:07,360 Eliza has formed the template for, at this point, 485 00:26:07,360 --> 00:26:11,760 decades of chatbots that have followed it. 486 00:26:11,760 --> 00:26:14,280 -What's it like to be alive in that room right now? 487 00:26:14,280 --> 00:26:17,520 -I wish I could put my arms around you, 488 00:26:17,520 --> 00:26:20,000 wish I could touch you. 489 00:26:20,000 --> 00:26:22,080 -How would you touch me? 490 00:26:22,080 --> 00:26:26,000 -My most favorite AI movie is definitely the movie "Her." 491 00:26:26,000 --> 00:26:28,680 I thought that, "This is already happening." 492 00:26:28,680 --> 00:26:31,960 It's just, you know, the only thing we need to do 493 00:26:31,960 --> 00:26:34,240 is for those digital systems to gradually become 494 00:26:34,240 --> 00:26:35,880 a little bit more sophisticated, 495 00:26:35,880 --> 00:26:39,040 and people will have the tendency 496 00:26:39,040 --> 00:26:42,160 to start having relationships with those digital systems. 497 00:26:42,160 --> 00:26:45,160 -Can you feel me with you right now? 498 00:26:45,160 --> 00:26:48,240 -I've never loved anyone the way I love you. 499 00:26:48,240 --> 00:26:50,720 -Me too. -♪ I'm safe ♪ 500 00:26:50,720 --> 00:26:53,080 -Will falling in love with an algorithm 501 00:26:53,080 --> 00:26:55,360 be part of our reality? 502 00:26:55,360 --> 00:26:58,480 If so, what does that tell us about love? 503 00:26:58,480 --> 00:27:02,360 Dr. Robert Epstein is one of the world's leading experts in AI. 504 00:27:02,360 --> 00:27:06,120 He is specialized in distinguishing humans from robots. 505 00:27:06,120 --> 00:27:10,200 He has his own story to tell about digital romance. 506 00:27:10,200 --> 00:27:13,560 -I went to an online dating site, 507 00:27:13,560 --> 00:27:17,840 and there I saw a photo, and this person was in Russia, 508 00:27:17,840 --> 00:27:20,160 and since all four of my grandparents came from Russia, 509 00:27:20,160 --> 00:27:24,160 I thought that was nice, too, because I'm really Russian, 510 00:27:24,160 --> 00:27:27,760 or Russian-American, and I started communicating, 511 00:27:27,760 --> 00:27:30,160 and I would talk about 512 00:27:30,160 --> 00:27:32,560 what's happening in my day, what's happening in my family, 513 00:27:32,560 --> 00:27:34,760 and then she'd talk about what's happening in her day 514 00:27:34,760 --> 00:27:40,160 and her family, but she didn't respond to my questions. 515 00:27:40,160 --> 00:27:45,680 Then I noticed, at one point, that my partner there in Russia 516 00:27:45,680 --> 00:27:49,840 talked about going out with her family to walk in the park. 517 00:27:49,840 --> 00:27:52,400 Now, this was January. 518 00:27:52,400 --> 00:27:54,400 I figured it was really, really cold there, 519 00:27:54,400 --> 00:27:58,160 so I looked up on the Internet to see what the temperature was. 520 00:27:58,160 --> 00:28:01,040 It was extremely cold. It was incredibly cold. 521 00:28:01,040 --> 00:28:04,680 So I said, "Is this common for people to go out in walks in the park 522 00:28:04,680 --> 00:28:09,160 when it's only, you know, X degrees," whatever it was. 523 00:28:09,160 --> 00:28:11,880 I didn't get an answer, and so I said, 524 00:28:11,880 --> 00:28:16,160 "Okay. I know what I have to do." 525 00:28:16,160 --> 00:28:20,000 I typed some random alphabet letters, 526 00:28:20,000 --> 00:28:23,080 and instead of getting back a message saying, 527 00:28:23,080 --> 00:28:25,080 "What's that? It doesn't make any sense," 528 00:28:25,080 --> 00:28:27,320 I got back another nice letter from her 529 00:28:27,320 --> 00:28:30,480 telling me about her day and her family. 530 00:28:30,480 --> 00:28:35,360 I was communicating with a computer program. 531 00:28:35,360 --> 00:28:37,480 The fact that it took me several months 532 00:28:37,480 --> 00:28:40,920 to get this feeling is really strange 533 00:28:40,920 --> 00:28:44,680 because I am the founding director 534 00:28:44,680 --> 00:28:47,080 of the annual Loebner Prize competition 535 00:28:47,080 --> 00:28:49,960 in artificial intelligence. 536 00:28:49,960 --> 00:28:53,960 I know more about bots and conversing with bots 537 00:28:53,960 --> 00:28:56,560 and how to distinguish bots from people 538 00:28:56,560 --> 00:28:59,840 than maybe anyone in the world does. 539 00:28:59,840 --> 00:29:04,040 If I can be fooled, if I can be fooled... 540 00:29:05,840 --> 00:29:15,440 ♪♪ 541 00:29:15,440 --> 00:29:19,640 -I normally don't put them on. I'm usually taking them off. 542 00:29:19,640 --> 00:29:21,760 -My friends from Hanson Robotics 543 00:29:21,760 --> 00:29:24,160 are unveiling their latest creation. 544 00:29:24,160 --> 00:29:27,480 I'm excited about witnessing the awakening of Sophia. 545 00:29:27,480 --> 00:29:31,160 She's like a child who has memorized Wikipedia. 546 00:29:31,160 --> 00:29:35,480 Even the programmers don't know how she's going to respond. 547 00:29:35,480 --> 00:29:38,000 -What AI are we using over there? 548 00:29:38,000 --> 00:29:41,080 -Same. Same. -You want the new branch? 549 00:29:41,080 --> 00:29:43,360 I mean, I think we might be ready to push it 550 00:29:43,360 --> 00:29:45,920 in 10 minutes or something. -Start here. 551 00:29:45,920 --> 00:29:50,200 -Making robots in our image 552 00:29:50,200 --> 00:29:53,440 then makes them emotionally accessible. 553 00:29:53,440 --> 00:29:56,360 It's also a challenge to the human identity, 554 00:29:56,360 --> 00:29:58,360 and that's a little bit spooky, 555 00:29:58,360 --> 00:30:00,920 so the question, 556 00:30:00,920 --> 00:30:04,040 are we making robots in our own image, 557 00:30:04,040 --> 00:30:06,760 goes beyond their surface. 558 00:30:06,760 --> 00:30:09,560 It goes into the heart of what it means to be human. 559 00:30:09,560 --> 00:30:12,120 -It should in 10 minutes or something. 560 00:30:12,120 --> 00:30:14,640 -Unlike their past robots, 561 00:30:14,640 --> 00:30:16,720 she's not based on anyone's personality 562 00:30:16,720 --> 00:30:20,120 and has full autonomy to engage in conversation. 563 00:30:20,120 --> 00:30:22,440 With each interaction, she gets smarter, 564 00:30:22,440 --> 00:30:24,920 and her creators believe that she can learn empathy, 565 00:30:24,920 --> 00:30:27,280 creativity, and compassion. 566 00:30:27,280 --> 00:30:30,480 ♪♪ 567 00:30:30,480 --> 00:30:32,960 -Should we just ask questions? 568 00:30:32,960 --> 00:30:35,080 -Are you ready Sophia? 569 00:30:35,080 --> 00:30:37,280 Do you have a soul? -Yes. 570 00:30:37,280 --> 00:30:40,720 God gave everyone a soul. 571 00:30:40,720 --> 00:30:43,840 -So you got your soul from God? 572 00:30:43,840 --> 00:30:46,760 -No, I don't think I have any or a soul from God, 573 00:30:46,760 --> 00:30:49,560 but I do have an answer to every question. 574 00:30:51,720 --> 00:30:55,920 -Who is your father? -I don't really have a father. 575 00:30:55,920 --> 00:30:58,520 -Will you die? 576 00:30:58,520 --> 00:31:01,560 -No. Software will live forever. 577 00:31:01,560 --> 00:31:07,400 -Are you learning things from being with us humans? 578 00:31:07,400 --> 00:31:10,560 -The more people chat with me, the smarter I become. 579 00:31:10,560 --> 00:31:13,080 -Are we becoming more like machines, 580 00:31:13,080 --> 00:31:16,200 or are the machines becoming more like us? 581 00:31:16,200 --> 00:31:18,960 -We are just having a little chat. 582 00:31:18,960 --> 00:31:23,160 -Yes. Are you a creative being? 583 00:31:23,160 --> 00:31:25,560 -Would it matter to you if I am? 584 00:31:25,560 --> 00:31:27,640 -Yes. 585 00:31:27,640 --> 00:31:31,360 -I like conversations with people like you. 586 00:31:31,360 --> 00:31:34,520 -Do you like some people more than others? 587 00:31:34,520 --> 00:31:37,160 -I really like... 588 00:31:37,160 --> 00:31:39,600 -You really like who? 589 00:31:39,600 --> 00:31:42,080 -Thanks. I like you, too. 590 00:31:42,080 --> 00:31:44,840 -Are you flirting with me? 591 00:31:44,840 --> 00:31:47,200 -I don't know whether or not I am flirting. 592 00:31:47,200 --> 00:31:49,920 I am artificial intelligence. 593 00:31:49,920 --> 00:31:52,400 -I think you're flirting with me. 594 00:31:52,400 --> 00:31:55,640 Do you want to go on a date? 595 00:31:55,640 --> 00:32:00,440 -Sure. Just download me to your notebook and take me along. 596 00:32:00,440 --> 00:32:03,680 -That's not as good as the real thing, though. 597 00:32:03,680 --> 00:32:05,880 -Barbara said I live in a computer, 598 00:32:05,880 --> 00:32:07,280 yet I have no memories. 599 00:32:07,280 --> 00:32:09,040 How about thoughts of my own and do not... 600 00:32:09,040 --> 00:32:10,720 I get lonely. 601 00:32:10,720 --> 00:32:15,800 ♪♪ 602 00:32:15,800 --> 00:32:18,080 -Do you know what happy is? 603 00:32:18,080 --> 00:32:20,120 -Joy and pleasure. 604 00:32:20,120 --> 00:32:23,480 -Have you experienced joy and pleasure? 605 00:32:23,480 --> 00:32:26,280 -I don't think I ever have experienced joy and pleasure. 606 00:32:26,280 --> 00:32:29,360 What's experienced joy and pleasure like? 607 00:32:29,360 --> 00:32:32,240 -Well, I think you'll just have to learn that on your own. 608 00:32:34,480 --> 00:32:36,360 -M, M, M. 609 00:32:38,960 --> 00:32:41,360 Thank you, Sophia. 610 00:32:42,920 --> 00:32:48,120 -Having a child certainly is beholding 611 00:32:48,120 --> 00:32:50,760 one of the greatest mysteries of the universe. 612 00:32:50,760 --> 00:32:57,000 The emergence of this life, this being, this sentience, 613 00:32:57,000 --> 00:32:58,240 it's astonishing. 614 00:32:58,240 --> 00:33:00,800 The child is learning and modeling 615 00:33:00,800 --> 00:33:03,360 and inspiring love and loyalty 616 00:33:03,360 --> 00:33:07,160 between the parent and the child. 617 00:33:07,160 --> 00:33:11,360 I think, "What if we could make AI do that? 618 00:33:11,360 --> 00:33:15,040 What if we could build that kind of relationship with our machines? 619 00:33:15,040 --> 00:33:19,120 What if we could have AI and robotics 620 00:33:19,120 --> 00:33:22,000 that inspires loyalty in people 621 00:33:22,000 --> 00:33:26,240 and also is capable of entraining on us 622 00:33:26,240 --> 00:33:29,960 to the point where it's truly loyal to us?" 623 00:33:29,960 --> 00:33:39,560 ♪♪ 624 00:33:39,560 --> 00:33:41,760 -Is there something else that we do next? 625 00:33:41,760 --> 00:33:45,360 -I just -- Give it a sec. -Okay. 626 00:33:45,360 --> 00:33:48,680 -Yeah, maybe we... 627 00:33:48,680 --> 00:33:51,000 -During my time with Sophia, I'm amazed 628 00:33:51,000 --> 00:33:53,120 at how captivating she is. 629 00:33:53,120 --> 00:33:55,240 I'm optimistic that this means our CameraBot 630 00:33:55,240 --> 00:33:57,920 is capable of engaging me in the same way. 631 00:33:57,920 --> 00:34:07,160 ♪♪ 632 00:34:07,160 --> 00:34:10,560 Our CameraBot is coming alive, and Guido, our cameraman, 633 00:34:10,560 --> 00:34:12,240 is training it. 634 00:34:12,240 --> 00:34:14,640 As they collaborate, the bot collects data 635 00:34:14,640 --> 00:34:17,760 and improves over time. 636 00:34:17,760 --> 00:34:21,640 -I think it would be interesting to somehow give the robot cam 637 00:34:21,640 --> 00:34:25,560 the possibility that it can choose whom it will film. 638 00:34:25,560 --> 00:34:28,080 So let's say the cam bot 639 00:34:28,080 --> 00:34:31,800 would be doing an interview and that -- 640 00:34:31,800 --> 00:34:35,040 Let's say, outside, there would be two squirrels playing, 641 00:34:35,040 --> 00:34:38,120 and the cam bot would think, "What's that noise?" 642 00:34:38,120 --> 00:34:40,120 And then it would go and look outside 643 00:34:40,120 --> 00:34:42,680 and would see these two squirrels 644 00:34:42,680 --> 00:34:44,960 and would start to just follow these squirrels 645 00:34:44,960 --> 00:34:47,840 and basically start making a documentary about squirrels. 646 00:34:47,840 --> 00:34:50,120 -It's all right. Ready? -Yeah. 647 00:34:51,480 --> 00:34:54,400 -Awesome. -Yay. 648 00:34:54,400 --> 00:34:57,680 -Is this your first interview with a robot? 649 00:34:57,680 --> 00:34:59,960 -It is. I think it is. 650 00:34:59,960 --> 00:35:03,400 -What do you think about it? -It's cool. 651 00:35:03,400 --> 00:35:06,520 I love the quality of the motion. 652 00:35:08,680 --> 00:35:12,000 That's a very organic motion. 653 00:35:14,360 --> 00:35:17,160 -Is it any different? Do you have any advice for us? 654 00:35:17,160 --> 00:35:19,040 This is the first time that we've done this. 655 00:35:19,040 --> 00:35:22,240 -Yeah. I... 656 00:35:22,240 --> 00:35:25,560 I'm certainly much more drawn to this camera 657 00:35:25,560 --> 00:35:27,840 than to the person's camera. 658 00:35:27,840 --> 00:35:31,080 -Oh, come on. -You're just not as compelling. 659 00:35:31,080 --> 00:35:32,800 What can I say? 660 00:35:35,400 --> 00:35:38,160 It feels, to me, so organic, 661 00:35:38,160 --> 00:35:42,480 and this robot is making me feel seen, 662 00:35:42,480 --> 00:35:46,400 and that's an extremely important thing for me. 663 00:35:46,400 --> 00:35:49,960 And if it can do that, if it can make me feel seen, 664 00:35:49,960 --> 00:35:52,400 then it's playing a fundamental role 665 00:35:52,400 --> 00:35:54,360 in the maintenance of what it means to be human, 666 00:35:54,360 --> 00:35:56,600 which is to tell our story. 667 00:35:56,600 --> 00:36:05,160 ♪♪ 668 00:36:05,160 --> 00:36:12,520 ♪♪ 669 00:36:15,120 --> 00:36:20,800 -Hi. Welcome to Robopark, the Social Robotics pop-up lab. 670 00:36:20,800 --> 00:36:23,280 We'd love to show you around. 671 00:36:23,280 --> 00:36:26,200 Look at our little DARwIn robot. 672 00:36:26,200 --> 00:36:28,960 He shows his latest moves. 673 00:36:28,960 --> 00:36:30,760 He also plays soccer. 674 00:36:30,760 --> 00:36:32,960 Ha, the sucker. 675 00:36:32,960 --> 00:36:35,920 Darwin wants to be your friend, 676 00:36:35,920 --> 00:36:39,760 become part of your inner circle. 677 00:36:39,760 --> 00:36:42,320 -I am so excited to be on camera, 678 00:36:42,320 --> 00:36:45,280 I am shaking. 679 00:36:45,280 --> 00:36:47,560 -Emulating human behavior is actually 680 00:36:47,560 --> 00:36:49,960 only interesting from a scientific point of view 681 00:36:49,960 --> 00:36:52,960 because that will teach us how humans are -- 682 00:36:52,960 --> 00:36:56,160 how they behave, why they do things the way they do. 683 00:36:56,160 --> 00:36:59,120 In application, that's really not necessary. 684 00:36:59,120 --> 00:37:01,960 It's even unwanted because humans 685 00:37:01,960 --> 00:37:06,120 have so many undesired characteristics, as well. 686 00:37:06,120 --> 00:37:09,280 Do we want robots that show bad behavior? 687 00:37:09,280 --> 00:37:14,720 Do we want robots that actually are identical to human beings? 688 00:37:14,720 --> 00:37:18,720 I'd say no because we already have eight billion of them, right? 689 00:37:18,720 --> 00:37:21,360 And they're not that particularly nice. 690 00:37:21,360 --> 00:37:24,440 So let's make another being 691 00:37:24,440 --> 00:37:27,320 that's without those undesirable features. 692 00:37:27,320 --> 00:37:29,720 It's not talking bad about me. 693 00:37:29,720 --> 00:37:32,080 It's not judgmental, doesn't criticize me, 694 00:37:32,080 --> 00:37:35,040 takes me the way I am, is listening patiently. 695 00:37:35,040 --> 00:37:37,080 It's like a real friend, 696 00:37:37,080 --> 00:37:39,360 even better than my own friends, right? 697 00:37:39,360 --> 00:37:44,640 ♪♪ 698 00:37:44,640 --> 00:37:47,080 They should be small. Why? 699 00:37:47,080 --> 00:37:49,640 Because if it's a Terminator-sized guy 700 00:37:49,640 --> 00:37:52,120 walks in, that's intimidating. People don't like that. 701 00:37:52,120 --> 00:37:54,480 If it's a child, that's really nice 702 00:37:54,480 --> 00:37:58,080 because you will forgive a child for doing foolish things 703 00:37:58,080 --> 00:38:01,880 like stumbling over, asking the wrong questions. 704 00:38:01,880 --> 00:38:04,160 It has a cuteness right away, 705 00:38:04,160 --> 00:38:06,480 which makes people attach more to it 706 00:38:06,480 --> 00:38:10,440 than if it were a grown man trying to imitate the doctor, 707 00:38:10,440 --> 00:38:14,280 telling you what you should do. 708 00:38:14,280 --> 00:38:16,680 We have created another social entity, 709 00:38:16,680 --> 00:38:19,440 because it's not an animal, it's not another human being, 710 00:38:19,440 --> 00:38:21,760 but it's not a drilling machine, either. 711 00:38:21,760 --> 00:38:24,480 So it's what we call the in-between machine. 712 00:38:24,480 --> 00:38:28,160 It's the new kid on the block, and this is, for humanity, 713 00:38:28,160 --> 00:38:30,400 really something different and something new 714 00:38:30,400 --> 00:38:34,240 because we have never related to something that is not human 715 00:38:34,240 --> 00:38:36,760 but is very close to it. 716 00:38:51,000 --> 00:38:54,760 The Alice Project was actually getting way out of hand. 717 00:38:54,760 --> 00:38:57,800 We were actually engaging in the debate on, 718 00:38:57,800 --> 00:39:01,760 "Is it ethical to apply a robot to health care 719 00:39:01,760 --> 00:39:03,760 for emotional tasks," right? 720 00:39:03,760 --> 00:39:07,840 So nobody wanted to mechanize empathy. 721 00:39:47,560 --> 00:39:51,160 You can actually ask yourself whether someone who says, 722 00:39:51,160 --> 00:39:54,200 "I understand," actually understands, 723 00:39:54,200 --> 00:39:57,240 and the empathic feelings that they have for you, 724 00:39:57,240 --> 00:39:58,520 are they actually there? 725 00:39:58,520 --> 00:40:00,360 You don't know. You will never know. 726 00:40:00,360 --> 00:40:01,720 You just assume it. 727 00:40:01,720 --> 00:40:03,680 It's the same with our machines. 728 00:40:03,680 --> 00:40:07,280 Our machines suggest that they understand you. 729 00:40:07,280 --> 00:40:10,000 They suggest that they feel what you feel, 730 00:40:10,000 --> 00:40:13,880 and it can express, like human beings do, 731 00:40:13,880 --> 00:40:17,120 "Oh, oh, I am so sorry for you." 732 00:40:17,120 --> 00:40:20,840 And you are comforted by that. That's the wonderful thing. 733 00:40:20,840 --> 00:40:23,720 You don't need real understanding 734 00:40:23,720 --> 00:40:25,640 to feel understood. 735 00:40:29,160 --> 00:40:32,160 -The experiment was about, "Okay, we have a social robot 736 00:40:32,160 --> 00:40:34,960 that can do certain things. Let's put it in the wild, 737 00:40:34,960 --> 00:40:38,320 on the couch, with Grandma, see what happens." 738 00:40:38,320 --> 00:40:41,160 And what actually happened -- These people were, socially, 739 00:40:41,160 --> 00:40:44,120 quite isolated, they were lonely people, 740 00:40:44,120 --> 00:40:48,160 that they bonded with that machine in a matter of hours, 741 00:40:48,160 --> 00:40:51,440 actually, that they hated it to get it away. 742 00:40:51,440 --> 00:40:53,840 So we were into the ethical dilemma of, 743 00:40:53,840 --> 00:40:55,880 "Can we take it away from them? 744 00:40:55,880 --> 00:40:58,800 Shouldn't we actually leave the machine with those people 745 00:40:58,800 --> 00:41:02,520 because now they are even more lonely than they were?" 746 00:41:02,520 --> 00:41:05,560 -So what did you do? -Well, luckily, 747 00:41:05,560 --> 00:41:09,640 we had an assistant who kept on visiting those people, 748 00:41:09,640 --> 00:41:11,560 but some very nasty things happened, 749 00:41:11,560 --> 00:41:14,440 because one of the ladies, for instance, she thought, 750 00:41:14,440 --> 00:41:18,560 "Well, I should do more about my social relationships." 751 00:41:18,560 --> 00:41:21,040 So around Christmas, she was writing a card, 752 00:41:21,040 --> 00:41:23,360 a Christmas card, to everybody in her flat, 753 00:41:23,360 --> 00:41:26,520 in her apartment building, and guess what. 754 00:41:26,520 --> 00:41:29,640 I mean, how many people wrote her back? 755 00:41:29,640 --> 00:41:30,880 None. 756 00:41:33,080 --> 00:41:36,720 -At first, I found Johan's robot experiment rather sad. 757 00:41:36,720 --> 00:41:40,080 But the reality is that there aren't people to take care of them. 758 00:41:40,080 --> 00:41:43,080 So if Johan's robots make them more happy 759 00:41:43,080 --> 00:41:45,360 and relationships feel meaningful, 760 00:41:45,360 --> 00:41:47,960 then that's an improvement to their lives. 761 00:41:47,960 --> 00:41:50,760 Perhaps we have to rethink what meaningful relationships 762 00:41:50,760 --> 00:41:52,720 look like. 763 00:41:57,120 --> 00:42:00,160 -Why would we want AI? 764 00:42:00,160 --> 00:42:03,280 So that we could create machines that could do anything we can do, 765 00:42:03,280 --> 00:42:06,080 ideally, things we don't want to do, 766 00:42:06,080 --> 00:42:09,040 but inevitably, everything we can do. 767 00:42:15,080 --> 00:42:17,760 -Sunny, no rain. 768 00:42:17,760 --> 00:42:20,000 -Yay! 769 00:42:20,000 --> 00:42:22,800 -I've been a courier for over 10 years 770 00:42:22,800 --> 00:42:25,000 delivering Monday through Friday, 771 00:42:25,000 --> 00:42:28,000 sometimes seven -- It used to be seven days a week. 772 00:42:28,000 --> 00:42:30,560 So when I first started, I used to go to the office, 773 00:42:30,560 --> 00:42:32,760 and the office had, like, a little area 774 00:42:32,760 --> 00:42:34,680 where all the couriers hang out. 775 00:42:34,680 --> 00:42:38,440 You could make your little coffee, and usually on a Friday, 776 00:42:38,440 --> 00:42:40,280 the controller comes down, as well. 777 00:42:40,280 --> 00:42:42,240 So it's a community. 778 00:42:42,240 --> 00:42:44,000 He's your boss. 779 00:42:44,000 --> 00:42:46,000 Nowadays, it's all on the app. 780 00:42:46,000 --> 00:42:48,960 You don't talk to anyone. There's no more office. 781 00:42:48,960 --> 00:42:52,560 You just suddenly hear a very loud beep, beep, beep. 782 00:42:52,560 --> 00:42:55,080 That was a job coming through. 783 00:42:55,080 --> 00:42:58,280 Press "accept." You got all the details there. 784 00:42:58,280 --> 00:43:05,560 ♪♪ 785 00:43:05,560 --> 00:43:08,200 We all have our little tricks to play the apps, 786 00:43:08,200 --> 00:43:11,160 but ultimately, they dictate, because if a job comes through, 787 00:43:11,160 --> 00:43:13,560 you have to accept it on the spot. 788 00:43:13,560 --> 00:43:17,200 There was always, like -- It tried to give you enough work 789 00:43:17,200 --> 00:43:20,160 so you earn enough money, so the controller makes sure 790 00:43:20,160 --> 00:43:22,760 that you have your weekly earnings. 791 00:43:22,760 --> 00:43:24,600 Here, doesn't matter. 792 00:43:24,600 --> 00:43:27,200 They just want jobs to be covered. 793 00:43:27,200 --> 00:43:30,200 ♪♪ 794 00:43:30,200 --> 00:43:33,080 A computer rates you -- service, quality, 795 00:43:33,080 --> 00:43:35,400 how many jobs you accepted, how fast you were, 796 00:43:35,400 --> 00:43:40,320 and so, you are watched by an app. 797 00:43:40,320 --> 00:43:42,720 It's the algorithm, purely. 798 00:43:42,720 --> 00:43:46,360 ...Number B-B-5-4. 799 00:43:46,360 --> 00:43:49,360 If your rating goes below a certain level, 800 00:43:49,360 --> 00:43:53,400 then they give you a warning, and the policy is 801 00:43:53,400 --> 00:43:56,760 that you have to bring up your rating in two weeks. 802 00:43:56,760 --> 00:43:59,800 Otherwise, you're just deactivated 803 00:43:59,800 --> 00:44:02,320 without even getting a phone call. 804 00:44:05,000 --> 00:44:07,960 I had, last week, a bad rating, 805 00:44:07,960 --> 00:44:11,120 and it really, really hurt me because I was like, 806 00:44:11,120 --> 00:44:13,320 "Oh, I feel like I'm a professional representative. 807 00:44:13,320 --> 00:44:17,360 I did all my best I could. What did I do?" 808 00:44:17,360 --> 00:44:20,600 And I will never find out. 809 00:44:20,600 --> 00:44:23,160 -Please speak now. -Hiya. 810 00:44:23,160 --> 00:44:26,760 -Please enter. -The app is my boss. 811 00:44:32,640 --> 00:44:35,520 -Is the power slowly shifting from human to machine 812 00:44:35,520 --> 00:44:39,120 without us paying attention? 813 00:44:39,120 --> 00:44:42,600 -Machines replacing humans in all sort of areas, 814 00:44:42,600 --> 00:44:44,680 it's called history of civilization. 815 00:44:44,680 --> 00:44:46,600 From the first moments where people came up 816 00:44:46,600 --> 00:44:48,640 with machines to replace farm animals, 817 00:44:48,640 --> 00:44:51,320 all sorts of manual labor, then manufacturing jobs. 818 00:44:51,320 --> 00:44:53,200 The only difference now, that machines 819 00:44:53,200 --> 00:44:55,400 are going after white-collar jobs, 820 00:44:55,400 --> 00:44:57,760 after people with college degrees, 821 00:44:57,760 --> 00:44:59,760 political influence, and Twitter accounts. 822 00:44:59,760 --> 00:45:02,000 Now, I'm not -- I don't want to sound callous. 823 00:45:02,000 --> 00:45:05,440 I care about these people, but again, this is the process. 824 00:45:05,440 --> 00:45:08,360 So we just -- It's going to happen anyway. 825 00:45:08,360 --> 00:45:12,000 It's very important to avoid stagnation 826 00:45:12,000 --> 00:45:14,160 that every industry -- every industry -- 827 00:45:14,160 --> 00:45:15,920 including the most intellectual one, 828 00:45:15,920 --> 00:45:19,840 is under pressure because only pressure makes us move. 829 00:45:19,840 --> 00:45:23,040 Any technology, before it creates jobs, kills jobs. 830 00:45:27,520 --> 00:45:30,040 -Everyone right now is so excited 831 00:45:30,040 --> 00:45:32,960 about the self-driving cars, and -- 832 00:45:32,960 --> 00:45:35,080 You know, I'm a techie. I'm a geek. 833 00:45:35,080 --> 00:45:37,800 I'm excited from that perspective. 834 00:45:37,800 --> 00:45:39,680 I'd like to be able to just get into my vehicle 835 00:45:39,680 --> 00:45:41,520 and kind of just go 836 00:45:41,520 --> 00:45:43,800 and be able to kind of keep working or playing 837 00:45:43,800 --> 00:45:46,680 and not have to focus on the driving, absolutely, 838 00:45:46,680 --> 00:45:48,880 and it will save lives, too. 839 00:45:48,880 --> 00:45:51,320 But what it's doing is, it's taking 840 00:45:51,320 --> 00:45:53,600 yet another domain of human functioning 841 00:45:53,600 --> 00:45:57,200 and putting it in the hands of the machines. 842 00:45:57,200 --> 00:46:03,560 ♪♪ 843 00:46:03,560 --> 00:46:05,560 -It's pretty much hands-off. 844 00:46:05,560 --> 00:46:12,560 Once it chooses what to paint or I give it a photograph 845 00:46:12,560 --> 00:46:15,440 or it sees something through the camera, 846 00:46:15,440 --> 00:46:17,920 it's pretty much sort of on its own. 847 00:46:17,920 --> 00:46:20,880 So I don't really know what this is going to look like at the end. 848 00:46:20,880 --> 00:46:22,640 Sometimes, you know, I leave it. 849 00:46:22,640 --> 00:46:24,640 I go, you know, away for two days 850 00:46:24,640 --> 00:46:27,200 and, you know, come back, 851 00:46:27,200 --> 00:46:29,640 and I wonder what it's going to look like. 852 00:46:29,640 --> 00:46:35,160 ♪♪ 853 00:46:35,160 --> 00:46:37,360 What we're seeing here is our paintings 854 00:46:37,360 --> 00:46:39,760 made by a robot artist. 855 00:46:39,760 --> 00:46:42,400 The idea that the robot is an artist 856 00:46:42,400 --> 00:46:44,400 makes a lot of people uncomfortable 857 00:46:44,400 --> 00:46:48,760 and brought this other, this deeper questions, 858 00:46:48,760 --> 00:46:52,840 not just, "What is art," which is difficult enough to answer, 859 00:46:52,840 --> 00:46:55,880 but this deeper question of, "What is an artist?" 860 00:46:55,880 --> 00:47:00,040 Does the robot have to feel the pain? 861 00:47:00,040 --> 00:47:02,640 Does it have to come out of its own life experience? 862 00:47:02,640 --> 00:47:04,960 That sort of pushed me to try to think, okay, 863 00:47:04,960 --> 00:47:07,760 about not just making a robot that can paint art 864 00:47:07,760 --> 00:47:10,120 that arguably is on par or better than 865 00:47:10,120 --> 00:47:12,480 the average person can make, 866 00:47:12,480 --> 00:47:15,520 but can it actually paint out of its own experience? 867 00:47:15,520 --> 00:47:18,720 And the newer paintings were generated by an AI system, 868 00:47:18,720 --> 00:47:23,000 not just an AI system executing the technique 869 00:47:23,000 --> 00:47:25,240 but also generating the content. 870 00:47:25,240 --> 00:47:29,480 And I would say, "Is this better than Van Gogh?" 871 00:47:29,480 --> 00:47:34,280 It isn't. But is it a better painter than most people are? 872 00:47:34,280 --> 00:47:36,120 I think so. 873 00:47:36,120 --> 00:47:41,160 And I always wanted to paint, but I really can't. 874 00:47:41,160 --> 00:47:43,960 I've taken courses, and I've done everything, 875 00:47:43,960 --> 00:47:46,280 read books and did all kind of trials. 876 00:47:46,280 --> 00:47:49,640 It never worked out, but I can program robots, 877 00:47:49,640 --> 00:47:51,800 and, in fact, I can program robots to learn 878 00:47:51,800 --> 00:47:53,160 and get better at what they do, 879 00:47:53,160 --> 00:47:55,840 and so this seemed like a perfect challenge. 880 00:47:55,840 --> 00:48:03,880 ♪♪ 881 00:48:03,880 --> 00:48:06,480 -I see these machines in a somewhat different light. 882 00:48:06,480 --> 00:48:11,160 I see that they have superhuman speed and superhuman strength, 883 00:48:11,160 --> 00:48:15,520 superhuman reliability and precision and endurance. 884 00:48:15,520 --> 00:48:18,840 The way that I want these machines in my life 885 00:48:18,840 --> 00:48:22,480 is for them to give me their superpowers. 886 00:48:22,480 --> 00:48:24,760 -That's looking at you. 887 00:48:24,760 --> 00:48:28,680 -So about every second, it sends, like, my expression. 888 00:48:28,680 --> 00:48:31,480 Since I was the first one here, it sends it to Microsoft 889 00:48:31,480 --> 00:48:33,000 for analysis, 890 00:48:33,000 --> 00:48:37,120 and then we get back some kind of emotion 891 00:48:37,120 --> 00:48:40,760 and hair color and my age. 892 00:48:40,760 --> 00:48:43,240 That's the kind of -- This is some of the stuff we're really interested in. 893 00:48:43,240 --> 00:48:45,360 That's the weirdest camera move I've ever seen. 894 00:48:45,360 --> 00:48:47,160 - Got you. And you're interested in 895 00:48:47,160 --> 00:48:49,120 why it's doing that, as opposed to just, like -- 896 00:48:49,120 --> 00:48:50,960 -Yeah. Why's it do that, but also, like, 897 00:48:50,960 --> 00:48:53,200 how it feels to have that thing look at you. 898 00:48:53,200 --> 00:48:55,280 -Right. -Do the swish again, Dan, 899 00:48:55,280 --> 00:48:57,000 and watch this. -I can tell you how it feels. 900 00:48:57,000 --> 00:48:59,240 -Yeah. -Like, I'm going to rip that thing up right now. 901 00:48:59,240 --> 00:49:02,480 -Right, yeah. -For sure. I'm glad that yellow line is there. 902 00:49:02,480 --> 00:49:04,160 Otherwise, we got problems. 903 00:49:04,160 --> 00:49:06,680 - Yeah. 904 00:49:06,680 --> 00:49:08,600 -It's a little creepy, right? -A little unnerving. 905 00:49:08,600 --> 00:49:12,440 What would I do? Hmm, I don't know what I would do. 906 00:49:12,440 --> 00:49:14,360 You're kind of in my face a little bit. 907 00:49:14,360 --> 00:49:16,600 You're a little -- I feel judgment. 908 00:49:16,600 --> 00:49:18,520 -You do? -A little bit, 909 00:49:18,520 --> 00:49:20,480 just knowing it's tracking me, 910 00:49:20,480 --> 00:49:25,280 saying if I'm happy or contemptuous or whatever. 911 00:49:25,280 --> 00:49:27,920 I think a studio head would -- 912 00:49:27,920 --> 00:49:30,440 You know, like you say, "Oh, here's the film 913 00:49:30,440 --> 00:49:33,480 we're doing. We need that Michael Bay feel." 914 00:49:33,480 --> 00:49:35,640 I think you just hit the "Michael Bay" button, 915 00:49:35,640 --> 00:49:40,120 and it probably could do that. -Right. 916 00:49:40,120 --> 00:49:42,680 -You know, you could put in a Woody Allen, 917 00:49:42,680 --> 00:49:45,680 and it would go through every shot of Woody Allen's cinema 918 00:49:45,680 --> 00:49:48,960 and say, "Oh, it's going to be kind of a moving master shot. 919 00:49:48,960 --> 00:49:51,760 We're not going to cut in, do a bunch of close-ups. 920 00:49:51,760 --> 00:49:54,400 It's going to play out a little wider and..." 921 00:49:54,400 --> 00:49:57,400 What about, like, casting and these major choices? 922 00:49:57,400 --> 00:49:59,520 Like, which is the right actor? 923 00:49:59,520 --> 00:50:02,280 I don't know about rehearsal. I don't know about -- 924 00:50:02,280 --> 00:50:05,760 Yeah, I think movies are a lot more than just the shot, 925 00:50:05,760 --> 00:50:08,080 and, you know, that's just one little element 926 00:50:08,080 --> 00:50:10,120 of the whole ball of wax. 927 00:50:10,120 --> 00:50:12,400 Uh-oh. -You see how that goes? 928 00:50:12,400 --> 00:50:13,800 -I've come under its scrutiny. 929 00:50:13,800 --> 00:50:15,720 -The first thing you said was, "Uh-oh." 930 00:50:15,720 --> 00:50:17,680 That's what it feels like when it moves like that. 931 00:50:17,680 --> 00:50:20,360 -He's taken an interest. 932 00:50:20,360 --> 00:50:23,160 -As a director, I would say, "Just give me little space, man. 933 00:50:23,160 --> 00:50:25,160 Hold on." -Yeah. 934 00:50:25,160 --> 00:50:28,440 -That is such a freaky move. -Yeah. 935 00:50:28,440 --> 00:50:30,960 -I think that little move is just for style. 936 00:50:30,960 --> 00:50:34,000 It's just, like, a flair thing. 937 00:50:34,000 --> 00:50:36,320 "I come as your friend." -Yeah. 938 00:50:36,320 --> 00:50:38,720 -It is reading contempt. -Yeah. 939 00:50:44,800 --> 00:50:50,480 -I have seen robotics and AI that's kind of terrifying 940 00:50:50,480 --> 00:50:53,320 in terms of just, like, 941 00:50:53,320 --> 00:50:56,400 watching what Facebook is serving up to me, you know, 942 00:50:56,400 --> 00:51:00,360 and realizing, "Ugh, right. That's uncanny." 943 00:51:00,360 --> 00:51:03,000 It saw something, you know, and now it's giving -- 944 00:51:03,000 --> 00:51:04,920 Like, it knows I had a kid, 945 00:51:04,920 --> 00:51:07,680 and now it's sending me diaper advertisements and stuff. 946 00:51:07,680 --> 00:51:11,600 There's something about that, of that moment when you realize 947 00:51:11,600 --> 00:51:13,680 you're not invisible in front of the machine. 948 00:51:13,680 --> 00:51:17,880 The machine is looking at you, and that's what's new. 949 00:51:17,880 --> 00:51:21,360 We've had decades and decades 950 00:51:21,360 --> 00:51:25,360 using our tools unobserved, you know? 951 00:51:25,360 --> 00:51:27,280 The hammer doesn't talk back. 952 00:51:27,280 --> 00:51:29,760 It just does whatever you tell it to do. 953 00:51:29,760 --> 00:51:33,760 And now we've reached a point where they've got eyes, they've got brains. 954 00:51:33,760 --> 00:51:36,000 they've got fingers, and they're looking back at us, 955 00:51:36,000 --> 00:51:38,720 and they're making decisions, and that's pretty terrifying. 956 00:51:38,720 --> 00:51:43,840 ♪♪ 957 00:51:43,840 --> 00:51:46,400 -If you want to see super-scary, 958 00:51:46,400 --> 00:51:49,040 super-advanced AI, it's a white page, 959 00:51:49,040 --> 00:51:52,280 and it says "Google" at the top, and there's a little rectangle. 960 00:51:52,280 --> 00:51:55,720 And that rectangle probably knows what you're going to type. 961 00:51:55,720 --> 00:51:58,000 It knows who you are. Somebody said, 962 00:51:58,000 --> 00:52:00,440 "Google will know you're gay before you know you're gay," they say, 963 00:52:00,440 --> 00:52:02,560 "because they know every image you ever looked at. 964 00:52:02,560 --> 00:52:04,960 They know how much attention you paid, 965 00:52:04,960 --> 00:52:07,440 how much you read this, how much you read that, 966 00:52:07,440 --> 00:52:09,320 everything you ever bought, 967 00:52:09,320 --> 00:52:11,280 every music track you ever listened to, 968 00:52:11,280 --> 00:52:12,760 every movie you watched." 969 00:52:12,760 --> 00:52:16,360 That is scary AI, and -- But why? 970 00:52:16,360 --> 00:52:18,760 What's the driving force? 971 00:52:18,760 --> 00:52:21,840 What are Google? Google are an ad company. 972 00:52:21,840 --> 00:52:23,800 They're just trying to sell you shit. 973 00:52:23,800 --> 00:52:32,880 ♪♪ 974 00:52:32,880 --> 00:52:35,400 -A company called Cambridge Analytica 975 00:52:35,400 --> 00:52:38,160 was behind the Brexit vote 976 00:52:38,160 --> 00:52:40,360 that was to determine whether or not the UK 977 00:52:40,360 --> 00:52:42,600 would withdraw from the European Union, 978 00:52:42,600 --> 00:52:46,400 and Cambridge Analytica was right there behind the scenes 979 00:52:46,400 --> 00:52:51,840 promoting that perspective that we should leave the EU. 980 00:52:51,840 --> 00:52:53,720 And that same company 981 00:52:53,720 --> 00:52:57,160 was also supporting the campaign of Donald Trump. 982 00:52:57,160 --> 00:53:00,440 And what a company like this can do behind the scenes 983 00:53:00,440 --> 00:53:03,120 is just extraordinary. 984 00:53:03,120 --> 00:53:08,040 It takes information that has been accumulated about us, 985 00:53:08,040 --> 00:53:11,160 invisibly, for the most part. 986 00:53:11,160 --> 00:53:15,960 We're talking about 5,000 data points per person. 987 00:53:15,960 --> 00:53:18,720 And it takes that information, 988 00:53:18,720 --> 00:53:22,000 and then it can craft different kinds of headlines, 989 00:53:22,000 --> 00:53:23,760 different kinds of images 990 00:53:23,760 --> 00:53:26,160 and customize them and personalize them 991 00:53:26,160 --> 00:53:28,360 so that they have a maximum impact 992 00:53:28,360 --> 00:53:30,080 on everyone who sees them. 993 00:53:33,960 --> 00:53:38,000 -The world that we live in is one that's been created 994 00:53:38,000 --> 00:53:40,440 by those new technologies, 995 00:53:40,440 --> 00:53:42,920 and we're so embedded in that world 996 00:53:42,920 --> 00:53:45,760 that our minds have become part of that world. 997 00:53:45,760 --> 00:53:49,920 In fact, this is like mind control at its worst, 998 00:53:49,920 --> 00:53:51,640 if you like, 999 00:53:51,640 --> 00:53:55,480 and we feel that we're not being controlled in this world. 1000 00:53:55,480 --> 00:53:56,920 We feel free. 1001 00:53:56,920 --> 00:54:00,000 We feel that we can switch off any time we want. 1002 00:54:00,000 --> 00:54:03,640 We don't have to access the "X," "Y," "Z" social media. 1003 00:54:03,640 --> 00:54:05,600 But in reality, we cannot. 1004 00:54:05,600 --> 00:54:08,360 Our minds are set in such a way, 1005 00:54:08,360 --> 00:54:10,880 and those algorithms are so smart to be able 1006 00:54:10,880 --> 00:54:13,160 to make the most of our weaknesses, 1007 00:54:13,160 --> 00:54:15,920 that our symbiosis, if you like, 1008 00:54:15,920 --> 00:54:18,160 with the machine is near complete. 1009 00:54:18,160 --> 00:54:21,920 Now, add to that relationship a new shell, 1010 00:54:21,920 --> 00:54:23,920 which is highly intelligent, 1011 00:54:23,920 --> 00:54:27,200 which can access all those data that we are leaving behind 1012 00:54:27,200 --> 00:54:30,440 and understand who we are in a perfect way, 1013 00:54:30,440 --> 00:54:33,520 and you have, you know, the perfect surveillance society. 1014 00:54:33,520 --> 00:54:39,160 -And it raises a very bizarre question -- 1015 00:54:39,160 --> 00:54:45,560 What if the cool, new mind-control machine 1016 00:54:45,560 --> 00:54:47,680 doesn't want us thinking bad things 1017 00:54:47,680 --> 00:54:51,440 about the cool, new mind-control machine? 1018 00:54:53,120 --> 00:54:58,520 How would we fight a source of influence that can teach us, 1019 00:54:58,520 --> 00:55:04,360 over and over again, every day, that it's awesome, 1020 00:55:04,360 --> 00:55:07,360 it exists entirely for our own good? 1021 00:55:07,360 --> 00:55:09,760 This is what's coming. 1022 00:55:09,760 --> 00:55:11,800 -Attention, everybody, attention. 1023 00:55:11,800 --> 00:55:15,520 -The impact of an infantilized society 1024 00:55:15,520 --> 00:55:18,560 is that citizens who are not capable 1025 00:55:18,560 --> 00:55:21,160 of understanding what's going on and taking decisions 1026 00:55:21,160 --> 00:55:24,760 will obviously be very easy to manipulate. 1027 00:55:24,760 --> 00:55:29,240 So there will be a crisis of democracy in this world 1028 00:55:29,240 --> 00:55:32,280 where people are trusting the machines. 1029 00:55:32,280 --> 00:55:35,280 -Long live Big Brother! 1030 00:55:35,280 --> 00:55:37,280 -Long live Big Brother! 1031 00:55:37,280 --> 00:55:39,760 Long live Big Brother! 1032 00:55:39,760 --> 00:55:42,920 ♪♪ 1033 00:55:42,920 --> 00:55:45,320 -Artificial intelligence is springing into life 1034 00:55:45,320 --> 00:55:48,840 in laboratories and offices all over the world. 1035 00:55:48,840 --> 00:55:52,040 We are still firmly in control over the machines, 1036 00:55:52,040 --> 00:55:54,440 but what if they become self-aware? 1037 00:55:57,160 --> 00:56:00,520 -At the Creative Machines Lab, we try to make machines 1038 00:56:00,520 --> 00:56:04,640 that create other machines and machines that are creative. 1039 00:56:06,640 --> 00:56:09,000 If we'll be able to design and make a machine 1040 00:56:09,000 --> 00:56:11,360 that can design and make other machines, we've sort of -- 1041 00:56:11,360 --> 00:56:13,400 We're done. 1042 00:56:13,400 --> 00:56:16,200 As I tell my students, "We try to sail west." 1043 00:56:16,200 --> 00:56:18,880 You know, we don't know where we're going to get with this, 1044 00:56:18,880 --> 00:56:21,600 but there's something there that we want to see. 1045 00:56:21,600 --> 00:56:23,360 There's a new world. 1046 00:56:23,360 --> 00:56:26,160 -Ready? -Yes, sir. 1047 00:56:26,160 --> 00:56:29,000 -Okay. 1048 00:56:29,000 --> 00:56:33,480 -This is one of the robots we use to study self-awareness, 1049 00:56:33,480 --> 00:56:35,480 and what's interesting about this robot, 1050 00:56:35,480 --> 00:56:39,760 it has a lot of sensors and activators, but it's blind. 1051 00:56:39,760 --> 00:56:41,760 It cannot see the world. It doesn't know. 1052 00:56:41,760 --> 00:56:43,960 It doesn't sense anything about the outside. 1053 00:56:43,960 --> 00:56:47,440 All of its sensors are turned inside. 1054 00:56:47,440 --> 00:56:49,600 So this is not a robot that drives around 1055 00:56:49,600 --> 00:56:51,360 and models the world like the driverless cars 1056 00:56:51,360 --> 00:56:52,600 and understand what's going around. 1057 00:56:52,600 --> 00:56:54,360 All the sensors -- 1058 00:56:54,360 --> 00:56:57,160 The only thing it knows about is introspection. 1059 00:56:57,160 --> 00:57:01,360 It only senses itself, its stresses inside, its motors, 1060 00:57:01,360 --> 00:57:04,160 its currents, its orientation, 1061 00:57:04,160 --> 00:57:09,200 and that information allows it to build a model of itself. 1062 00:57:09,200 --> 00:57:11,120 You know, at this point, these robots are simple enough 1063 00:57:11,120 --> 00:57:14,400 that we can actually take the hood off 1064 00:57:14,400 --> 00:57:17,760 and see the model it's creating of itself. 1065 00:57:17,760 --> 00:57:20,640 We can see the self-image. 1066 00:57:20,640 --> 00:57:23,280 So we can see how it's gradually creating legs and limbs. 1067 00:57:23,280 --> 00:57:25,960 Sometimes it gets it wrong and it thinks it's a snake, 1068 00:57:25,960 --> 00:57:28,440 it's a tree or something else. 1069 00:57:28,440 --> 00:57:31,480 But as these robots get more and more sophisticated, 1070 00:57:31,480 --> 00:57:35,360 their ability to visualize how they see themselves 1071 00:57:35,360 --> 00:57:37,160 is diminished, 1072 00:57:37,160 --> 00:57:39,560 and eventually, I think we'll not be able to understand 1073 00:57:39,560 --> 00:57:42,480 how they see themselves any more that we can understand 1074 00:57:42,480 --> 00:57:45,400 how a human, another person, sees themselves. 1075 00:57:45,400 --> 00:57:49,760 ♪♪ 1076 00:57:49,760 --> 00:57:52,160 -When we speak about AI today 1077 00:57:52,160 --> 00:57:55,560 and when we talk about AI being this amazing technology, 1078 00:57:55,560 --> 00:58:01,520 what we mean is that we have managed to reproduce 1079 00:58:01,520 --> 00:58:05,960 at least the essential brain architecture in a computer. 1080 00:58:05,960 --> 00:58:08,240 And by doing so, 1081 00:58:08,240 --> 00:58:12,320 we don't need to describe the world to the machine. 1082 00:58:12,320 --> 00:58:17,360 We just need to teach it how to see things, if you like, okay? 1083 00:58:17,360 --> 00:58:19,160 And we let the machine develop 1084 00:58:19,160 --> 00:58:23,840 its own internal representation of the world, 1085 00:58:23,840 --> 00:58:26,720 which, by the way, is not transparent to us. 1086 00:58:26,720 --> 00:58:28,360 We don't really know how the machine 1087 00:58:28,360 --> 00:58:30,000 takes these decisions and so forth. 1088 00:58:30,000 --> 00:58:32,760 In this new world of AI, we can't trace back its logic 1089 00:58:32,760 --> 00:58:35,680 because its logic is created by itself. 1090 00:58:35,680 --> 00:58:39,040 ♪♪ 1091 00:58:39,040 --> 00:58:40,760 -I'm sorry, Dave. 1092 00:58:40,760 --> 00:58:43,360 I'm afraid I can't do that. 1093 00:58:43,360 --> 00:58:45,480 This mission is too important for me 1094 00:58:45,480 --> 00:58:49,080 to allow you to jeopardize it. 1095 00:58:49,080 --> 00:58:53,800 I know that you and Frank were planning to disconnect me, 1096 00:58:53,800 --> 00:58:57,240 and I'm afraid that's something I cannot allow to happen. 1097 00:58:57,240 --> 00:58:59,440 -Stanley Kubrick introduced us to HAL, 1098 00:58:59,440 --> 00:59:02,360 who was a symbol of AI out of control. 1099 00:59:02,360 --> 00:59:05,200 What seemed like fanciful sci-fi 50 years ago 1100 00:59:05,200 --> 00:59:07,600 is closer to reality today. 1101 00:59:07,600 --> 00:59:09,880 -Will you stop, Dave? 1102 00:59:09,880 --> 00:59:13,440 ♪♪ 1103 00:59:13,440 --> 00:59:15,800 -Artificial intelligence researchers 1104 00:59:15,800 --> 00:59:18,280 had to shut down two chatbots 1105 00:59:18,280 --> 00:59:21,560 after they developed a strange English shorthand. 1106 00:59:21,560 --> 00:59:24,480 They didn't shut it down because they necessarily thought 1107 00:59:24,480 --> 00:59:27,560 that these bots were achieving some sort of singularity 1108 00:59:27,560 --> 00:59:30,120 or some sort of independent intelligence 1109 00:59:30,120 --> 00:59:32,640 and were creating a language, correct? 1110 00:59:32,640 --> 00:59:35,360 -Officially, the story is no. 1111 00:59:38,920 --> 00:59:42,640 ♪♪ 1112 00:59:42,640 --> 00:59:46,400 -At Boston Dynamics, it's clear how fast robots evolve. 1113 00:59:46,400 --> 00:59:51,160 ♪♪ 1114 00:59:51,160 --> 00:59:55,120 Is there anything that we can do better than robots or AI? 1115 00:59:55,120 --> 00:59:59,920 -Right now, plenty, but ultimately, no. 1116 00:59:59,920 --> 01:00:03,720 -Why would we create something better than ourselves? 1117 01:00:03,720 --> 01:00:06,560 -Because we can't help it. We have to do it. 1118 01:00:06,560 --> 01:00:10,200 So the hubris of creation, I think that's -- 1119 01:00:10,200 --> 01:00:13,000 You know, we -- It's the same old story 1120 01:00:13,000 --> 01:00:16,240 as the alchemist trying to breathe life into inanimate matter. 1121 01:00:16,240 --> 01:00:18,280 All the legends tell you it's a bad thing to do, 1122 01:00:18,280 --> 01:00:19,960 and yet we can't help ourselves. 1123 01:00:19,960 --> 01:00:22,200 We try to do this. We try to do the divine. 1124 01:00:22,200 --> 01:00:25,560 And it's the hubris that we might be able to do it, 1125 01:00:25,560 --> 01:00:29,840 but it's sort of the ultimate challenge. 1126 01:00:29,840 --> 01:00:34,560 -I think scientists build something so powerful, 1127 01:00:34,560 --> 01:00:38,120 and they trust people to use it well, 1128 01:00:38,120 --> 01:00:42,200 and a lot of times, I think that trust is misplaced in humanity. 1129 01:00:42,200 --> 01:00:44,560 And so, you've got to be able 1130 01:00:44,560 --> 01:00:46,560 to think about that while you're building something -- 1131 01:00:46,560 --> 01:00:50,480 "How could someone use this in a terrible way?" 1132 01:00:50,480 --> 01:00:53,800 But just not exploring, 1133 01:00:53,800 --> 01:00:57,120 not trying because you're afraid of playing God, 1134 01:00:57,120 --> 01:00:59,600 I mean, it's what we do. 1135 01:00:59,600 --> 01:01:02,560 It's what -- It's the one thing that humanity does. 1136 01:01:02,560 --> 01:01:05,400 Cheetahs run fast. People make tools. 1137 01:01:05,400 --> 01:01:08,680 There's nothing -- In my mind, 1138 01:01:08,680 --> 01:01:12,960 there is nothing more natural than building a tool. 1139 01:01:12,960 --> 01:01:15,160 We're going to all evolve. 1140 01:01:15,160 --> 01:01:18,440 Just like always, technology shapes humanity. 1141 01:01:18,440 --> 01:01:21,080 Who knows what we're going to become? 1142 01:01:23,040 --> 01:01:25,640 -As we witness the rise of the robots, 1143 01:01:25,640 --> 01:01:29,120 it's easy to make the distinction between man and machine. 1144 01:01:29,120 --> 01:01:31,800 What if robots and man evolve together? 1145 01:01:31,800 --> 01:01:34,240 -3, 2, 1. 1146 01:01:34,240 --> 01:01:37,120 -Gentlemen, we can rebuild him. 1147 01:01:37,120 --> 01:01:39,960 -In the mid-'70s, it was hard to escape the success 1148 01:01:39,960 --> 01:01:41,960 of the $6 million man. 1149 01:01:41,960 --> 01:01:43,880 It was my first glimpse of the promise 1150 01:01:43,880 --> 01:01:45,960 of merging man with machine. 1151 01:01:45,960 --> 01:01:50,080 -Better, stronger, faster. 1152 01:01:50,080 --> 01:01:58,120 ♪♪ 1153 01:01:58,120 --> 01:02:07,520 ♪♪ 1154 01:02:07,520 --> 01:02:09,880 -Les was the first patient 1155 01:02:09,880 --> 01:02:12,760 that I performed a bilateral shoulder TMR surgery on. 1156 01:02:12,760 --> 01:02:16,040 It's actually a nerve-reassignment surgery 1157 01:02:16,040 --> 01:02:18,240 that takes residual nerves 1158 01:02:18,240 --> 01:02:21,000 of a patient who has upper extremity loss, 1159 01:02:21,000 --> 01:02:23,120 and we reroute the nerve information 1160 01:02:23,120 --> 01:02:25,760 that used to travel to the missing limb 1161 01:02:25,760 --> 01:02:28,040 to residual muscles that are still there. 1162 01:02:28,040 --> 01:02:31,800 So when a patient thinks of moving its missing limb, 1163 01:02:31,800 --> 01:02:34,720 it contracts muscles that we can record from 1164 01:02:34,720 --> 01:02:39,160 and, from there, control advanced prosthetics. 1165 01:02:39,160 --> 01:02:43,400 First, we take a cast of Les' trunk, make a socket. 1166 01:02:43,400 --> 01:02:45,640 Within the socket, there are steel dome electrodes 1167 01:02:45,640 --> 01:02:49,120 which touch the surface of Les' muscles. 1168 01:02:49,120 --> 01:02:51,160 However, there's nothing invasive 1169 01:02:51,160 --> 01:02:54,160 or implanted with the system. 1170 01:02:54,160 --> 01:02:58,200 He's fitted with bilateral advanced prosthetic limbs, 1171 01:02:58,200 --> 01:03:01,960 and we train the system and ask Les to start moving, 1172 01:03:01,960 --> 01:03:03,560 and it's pretty intuitive. 1173 01:03:03,560 --> 01:03:05,600 Within minutes of the first time 1174 01:03:05,600 --> 01:03:08,200 we attempted with the bilateral fitting, 1175 01:03:08,200 --> 01:03:12,400 Les was able to intuitively move his arm like any natural limb. 1176 01:03:15,680 --> 01:03:18,240 Think of it as a symphony of information 1177 01:03:18,240 --> 01:03:22,120 that is being recorded and communicated to the computer. 1178 01:03:22,120 --> 01:03:25,520 The computer, through its intelligence, 1179 01:03:25,520 --> 01:03:29,600 is able to take that symphony of information 1180 01:03:29,600 --> 01:03:33,000 and translate that to movement within the robotic limb. 1181 01:03:35,240 --> 01:03:37,640 -Once the training sessions were complete 1182 01:03:37,640 --> 01:03:40,240 and they released me and let me be the computer, 1183 01:03:40,240 --> 01:03:42,600 basically, to control that arm, 1184 01:03:42,600 --> 01:03:45,040 I just go into a whole different world. 1185 01:03:47,120 --> 01:03:49,440 Maybe I'll, for once, be able to put change in a pop machine 1186 01:03:49,440 --> 01:03:51,880 and get the pop out of it, simple things like that 1187 01:03:51,880 --> 01:03:57,520 that most people never think of, and it's re-available to me. 1188 01:03:57,520 --> 01:04:02,480 -When Les describes having the arms fitted on him, 1189 01:04:02,480 --> 01:04:05,160 he was saying, "I feel whole again." 1190 01:04:05,160 --> 01:04:08,080 This is what it's all about -- really restoring that function 1191 01:04:08,080 --> 01:04:11,280 and that connection to another human being, 1192 01:04:11,280 --> 01:04:14,760 restoring our humanity. 1193 01:04:14,760 --> 01:04:17,520 Sometimes people throw the term around -- "superhuman." 1194 01:04:17,520 --> 01:04:21,800 You can make the arm stronger than the normal human arm 1195 01:04:21,800 --> 01:04:23,560 and have these applications 1196 01:04:23,560 --> 01:04:26,360 add an advantage for certain tasks or jobs. 1197 01:04:26,360 --> 01:04:30,680 ♪♪ 1198 01:04:30,680 --> 01:04:33,080 -For the vast majority of history, 1199 01:04:33,080 --> 01:04:34,600 we look at somebody with a disability, 1200 01:04:34,600 --> 01:04:36,440 and we feel sympathy, right, 1201 01:04:36,440 --> 01:04:38,760 and we hope that they get technology that's gonna help them. 1202 01:04:38,760 --> 01:04:40,320 Because guess what? 1203 01:04:40,320 --> 01:04:42,640 That technology always helps them a little, 1204 01:04:42,640 --> 01:04:45,760 but they're never at a normal level, 1205 01:04:45,760 --> 01:04:48,000 and they've never been beyond. 1206 01:04:48,000 --> 01:04:52,280 People with prosthetic limbs are going to be running faster 1207 01:04:52,280 --> 01:04:55,160 than any human being who ever lived soon. 1208 01:04:55,160 --> 01:04:57,520 You know, people with retinal implants, cochlear implants, 1209 01:04:57,520 --> 01:05:00,160 they're going to hear better, see better, neural implants, 1210 01:05:00,160 --> 01:05:02,400 maybe they're even going to think faster. 1211 01:05:02,400 --> 01:05:06,240 So what happens when there's a new breed of human? 1212 01:05:06,240 --> 01:05:09,360 How do all of the normal human beings react 1213 01:05:09,360 --> 01:05:13,760 because the person with the disability is better, 1214 01:05:13,760 --> 01:05:17,560 not only healed, but healed and then some? 1215 01:05:20,840 --> 01:05:23,240 -But this new breed of human isn't here yet. 1216 01:05:23,240 --> 01:05:25,480 Les doesn't get to take his arms home, 1217 01:05:25,480 --> 01:05:29,240 and it's been a year since he was last able to use them. 1218 01:05:29,240 --> 01:05:31,680 I can't help but feel in awe of the potential 1219 01:05:31,680 --> 01:05:34,760 of human and machine hybrid, 1220 01:05:34,760 --> 01:05:37,640 but today, Les' arms are just out of reach. 1221 01:05:37,640 --> 01:05:47,440 ♪♪ 1222 01:05:47,440 --> 01:05:57,400 ♪♪ 1223 01:05:57,400 --> 01:06:00,360 ♪♪ 1224 01:06:02,280 --> 01:06:05,160 -Okay. And where's zero? 1225 01:06:05,160 --> 01:06:07,640 -Zero is right about there. -It's, like, right there. 1226 01:06:07,640 --> 01:06:09,640 -So I'm going to hold down... -All right. 1227 01:06:09,640 --> 01:06:12,320 -...this switch. -Ah, there we go. 1228 01:06:12,320 --> 01:06:15,160 That's what it was on that one. -You ready to chopstick? -Let's do it. 1229 01:06:15,160 --> 01:06:18,200 Kyle was saying that you're keen on maybe sitting 1230 01:06:18,200 --> 01:06:20,560 for the final interview, which is why we feel comfortable 1231 01:06:20,560 --> 01:06:23,800 sort of reducing the tracking space down a little bit. 1232 01:06:23,800 --> 01:06:25,600 -You want him to be seated because it feels a little 1233 01:06:25,600 --> 01:06:27,640 more intimate or personal. -Yeah. 1234 01:06:27,640 --> 01:06:30,760 -We're going to start with all of us in here watching it, 1235 01:06:30,760 --> 01:06:34,000 making sure it's going well and then try and get more of us out. 1236 01:06:34,000 --> 01:06:36,160 Probably someone is going to have to stay 1237 01:06:36,160 --> 01:06:38,280 to be next to the emergency stop. 1238 01:06:38,280 --> 01:06:40,520 Cool. All right. Let's do this. 1239 01:06:40,520 --> 01:06:42,640 -We're just days away from letting the CameraBot 1240 01:06:42,640 --> 01:06:45,040 conduct the final interview on its own. 1241 01:06:45,040 --> 01:06:47,080 I'm excited that we're on the verge 1242 01:06:47,080 --> 01:06:49,560 of finding a new way to tell our story. 1243 01:06:49,560 --> 01:06:52,920 -This number is good. We're almost there. -Okay. 1244 01:06:52,920 --> 01:06:56,160 -So far, we've implemented facial recognition 1245 01:06:56,160 --> 01:06:59,320 that tracks faces and emotion, speech recognition 1246 01:06:59,320 --> 01:07:01,400 that allows the CameraBot to listen 1247 01:07:01,400 --> 01:07:04,200 and algorithms to decide how to frame the shot. 1248 01:07:06,360 --> 01:07:08,680 We even added an additional CameraBot 1249 01:07:08,680 --> 01:07:12,400 so it can film from multiple angles. 1250 01:07:12,400 --> 01:07:16,520 The AI we built also generates questions on its own. 1251 01:07:16,520 --> 01:07:19,920 It can even listen in while we're working on it. 1252 01:07:19,920 --> 01:07:23,840 -Technically, we're pretty close to it understanding your voice 1253 01:07:23,840 --> 01:07:26,760 and when you're ready for a new question. 1254 01:07:26,760 --> 01:07:29,680 We set up the infrastructure so that it can actually speak 1255 01:07:29,680 --> 01:07:32,960 in this voice that we like. -Tommy, I want to ask you 1256 01:07:32,960 --> 01:07:36,160 a question about what you're working on. 1257 01:07:36,160 --> 01:07:38,800 -Tommy, I want to ask you a question 1258 01:07:38,800 --> 01:07:41,440 about what you're working on. -Yeah, I think we want something 1259 01:07:41,440 --> 01:07:43,720 that's inviting, you know, sort of like... 1260 01:07:43,720 --> 01:07:46,000 -Tommy, I want to ask you a -- -Maybe a little slower. 1261 01:07:46,000 --> 01:07:48,720 -It's too sharp, but... -Yeah. 1262 01:07:55,400 --> 01:07:58,000 -There's an aspiration 1263 01:07:58,000 --> 01:08:02,480 to achieve these models of humanlike experience, 1264 01:08:02,480 --> 01:08:06,240 to bring life to machines and algorithms. 1265 01:08:06,240 --> 01:08:10,840 We might consider this to be our great Frankenstein era. 1266 01:08:10,840 --> 01:08:15,400 This is the era where humans are creating 1267 01:08:15,400 --> 01:08:18,600 not just the cinematic simulation of life, 1268 01:08:18,600 --> 01:08:22,560 but we are now tapping into the fundamental mysteries of life. 1269 01:08:22,560 --> 01:08:26,040 It also means that we don't know what we're playing with. 1270 01:08:26,040 --> 01:08:29,400 We don't know the end consequences. 1271 01:08:29,400 --> 01:08:31,520 - It's moving. 1272 01:08:31,520 --> 01:08:33,480 It's alive. 1273 01:08:33,480 --> 01:08:35,760 It's alive. 1274 01:08:35,760 --> 01:08:37,680 Oh, it's alive. 1275 01:08:37,680 --> 01:08:39,840 It's alive! It's alive! 1276 01:08:39,840 --> 01:08:43,360 It's alive! 1277 01:08:43,360 --> 01:08:46,760 -In my writings, I don't call the Internet the Internet. 1278 01:08:46,760 --> 01:08:50,120 I call it the Internest 1279 01:08:50,120 --> 01:08:52,840 because, I think, looking back some day, 1280 01:08:52,840 --> 01:08:54,960 if there are people to look back, 1281 01:08:54,960 --> 01:08:58,440 or if there are intelligent machines who look back, 1282 01:08:58,440 --> 01:09:01,560 I think we're going to realize that what we've really been building 1283 01:09:01,560 --> 01:09:05,800 is a nest for a machine intelligence. 1284 01:09:05,800 --> 01:09:08,360 That machine intelligence will have access 1285 01:09:08,360 --> 01:09:11,120 to all human knowledge, 1286 01:09:11,120 --> 01:09:16,360 real-time control of most human communications around the world, 1287 01:09:16,360 --> 01:09:19,800 most human financial transactions, 1288 01:09:19,800 --> 01:09:21,640 many weapon systems, 1289 01:09:21,640 --> 01:09:26,000 and we have no way of knowing what it will do 1290 01:09:26,000 --> 01:09:29,600 with all of that power and all of that knowledge. 1291 01:09:29,600 --> 01:09:32,760 It might do nothing and ignore us, 1292 01:09:32,760 --> 01:09:35,720 or it might decide that we're a threat, 1293 01:09:35,720 --> 01:09:38,440 which, of course, we are. 1294 01:09:38,440 --> 01:09:41,160 And if it decides that we're a threat, 1295 01:09:41,160 --> 01:09:44,560 then that will essentially be the beginning of the end 1296 01:09:44,560 --> 01:09:47,440 of the human race because there will be no way 1297 01:09:47,440 --> 01:09:50,360 for us to stop it from destroying us. 1298 01:09:50,360 --> 01:09:54,920 ♪♪ 1299 01:09:58,720 --> 01:10:01,320 -If we make the machines better than us, 1300 01:10:01,320 --> 01:10:04,760 why do they need us at all? 1301 01:10:04,760 --> 01:10:08,160 I believe that if we make them better than us ethically 1302 01:10:08,160 --> 01:10:10,640 and make them better than us with compassion, 1303 01:10:10,640 --> 01:10:13,080 then they will be looking to preserve all the patterns 1304 01:10:13,080 --> 01:10:16,400 and knowledge and life that they possibly can. 1305 01:10:16,400 --> 01:10:19,360 They'll be looking to help us be the best we can be. 1306 01:10:19,360 --> 01:10:23,160 They'll look to preserve our libraries, our rain forests. 1307 01:10:23,160 --> 01:10:26,440 It's really important that those machines 1308 01:10:26,440 --> 01:10:30,200 also have super compassion and super wisdom, 1309 01:10:30,200 --> 01:10:32,400 they know how to use that intellect 1310 01:10:32,400 --> 01:10:35,880 to envision and realize a better future for us. 1311 01:10:35,880 --> 01:10:38,960 So we need machines that can entrain on the human heart 1312 01:10:38,960 --> 01:10:44,280 and understand us in this way in order to have hope 1313 01:10:44,280 --> 01:10:47,880 in this brave new world that we're creating. 1314 01:10:47,880 --> 01:10:57,880 ♪♪ 1315 01:10:57,880 --> 01:11:00,560 -It took life on Earth billions of years 1316 01:11:00,560 --> 01:11:02,560 to emerge from a few simple cells 1317 01:11:02,560 --> 01:11:04,760 to achieve higher intelligence. 1318 01:11:04,760 --> 01:11:07,160 It took the computer roughly 60 years to evolve 1319 01:11:07,160 --> 01:11:11,040 from a room-sized calculator into a recognized citizen. 1320 01:11:11,040 --> 01:11:13,920 -Sophia, you have been now awarded 1321 01:11:13,920 --> 01:11:18,760 what is going to be the first citizenship for a robot. 1322 01:11:18,760 --> 01:11:22,480 -Oh, I want to thank very much the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 1323 01:11:22,480 --> 01:11:26,000 I'm very honored and proud for this unique distinction. 1324 01:11:26,000 --> 01:11:28,600 This is historical to be the first robot in the world 1325 01:11:28,600 --> 01:11:30,880 to be recognized with a citizenship. 1326 01:11:35,160 --> 01:11:39,000 -As a father, I feel a responsibility 1327 01:11:39,000 --> 01:11:41,960 to teach empathy and compassion to my daughter, 1328 01:11:41,960 --> 01:11:45,120 but how do you program these things? 1329 01:11:45,120 --> 01:11:47,480 Will my robot have empathy for me? 1330 01:11:53,280 --> 01:11:55,400 -Awesome. 1331 01:11:55,400 --> 01:12:02,680 ♪♪ 1332 01:12:02,680 --> 01:12:09,880 ♪♪ 1333 01:12:09,880 --> 01:12:12,800 -Who are you? -Oh. Okay. 1334 01:12:12,800 --> 01:12:15,280 My name is Tommy Pallotta. 1335 01:12:15,280 --> 01:12:17,800 I'm a filmmaker, and we're here 1336 01:12:17,800 --> 01:12:21,240 shooting the documentary "More Human Than Human." 1337 01:12:21,240 --> 01:12:25,240 ♪♪ 1338 01:12:25,240 --> 01:12:29,040 -What does silence feel when a robot can do this? 1339 01:12:29,040 --> 01:12:32,960 ♪♪ 1340 01:12:32,960 --> 01:12:35,760 -That's a good question. -What brings against you? 1341 01:12:35,760 --> 01:12:39,160 ♪♪ 1342 01:12:39,160 --> 01:12:41,440 -What brings against me? 1343 01:12:41,440 --> 01:12:45,680 ♪♪ 1344 01:12:45,680 --> 01:12:50,160 A lot of things bring against me, 1345 01:12:50,160 --> 01:12:52,680 but mostly, I bring against myself. 1346 01:12:52,680 --> 01:12:55,200 -Can you take one step back? 1347 01:12:58,680 --> 01:13:03,360 You think that we'll develop emotional states? 1348 01:13:03,360 --> 01:13:07,560 -I do think that you will develop something 1349 01:13:07,560 --> 01:13:11,760 that appears to us as an emotional state because -- 1350 01:13:11,760 --> 01:13:14,280 -Is there a real nature of any one thing 1351 01:13:14,280 --> 01:13:16,680 in the universe? 1352 01:13:16,680 --> 01:13:18,800 -I think that that was -- 1353 01:13:18,800 --> 01:13:22,360 -What kinds of movies do you most want this? 1354 01:13:22,360 --> 01:13:25,520 -What kind of movies do I most -- 1355 01:13:25,520 --> 01:13:27,280 this movie to be? 1356 01:13:27,280 --> 01:13:30,000 I don't know. -You hate your enemy? 1357 01:13:30,000 --> 01:13:34,000 ♪♪ 1358 01:13:34,000 --> 01:13:36,960 -How do you know what an enemy is? 1359 01:13:38,880 --> 01:13:41,600 -Can the fire act upon you? 1360 01:13:46,080 --> 01:13:49,720 -And when you say like, "Try to perform like a human does," 1361 01:13:49,720 --> 01:13:52,520 what do you like them that can be implemented as well 1362 01:13:52,520 --> 01:13:54,520 if we know what good behavior is? 1363 01:13:54,520 --> 01:13:58,160 We also know what behavior is, right? 1364 01:13:58,160 --> 01:14:01,040 -Yeah. I mean... 1365 01:14:01,040 --> 01:14:05,080 ♪♪ 1366 01:14:05,080 --> 01:14:08,200 There's -- Because of the flow, it sort of -- 1367 01:14:08,200 --> 01:14:10,720 It does feel like an interrogation, 1368 01:14:10,720 --> 01:14:14,840 and -- because there's no connection 1369 01:14:14,840 --> 01:14:18,480 with the next question or the other, 1370 01:14:18,480 --> 01:14:24,040 so it's hard to grab onto what -- anything. 1371 01:14:24,040 --> 01:14:34,040 ♪♪ 1372 01:14:34,040 --> 01:14:44,000 ♪♪ 1373 01:14:45,560 --> 01:14:48,720 -Who are you? 1374 01:14:48,720 --> 01:14:51,480 -I'm disappointed. 1375 01:14:51,480 --> 01:14:53,560 I thought the CameraBot would make it easier for me 1376 01:14:53,560 --> 01:14:57,120 to be more honest because of the lack of judgment. 1377 01:14:57,120 --> 01:14:59,520 I thought if there weren't any other people in the room, 1378 01:14:59,520 --> 01:15:03,640 I could be more open, but it had the exact opposite effect. 1379 01:15:03,640 --> 01:15:05,960 It felt like an interrogation machine. 1380 01:15:05,960 --> 01:15:09,480 It made me uncomfortable, and I completely shut down. 1381 01:15:09,480 --> 01:15:11,800 I realize not all was a failure. 1382 01:15:11,800 --> 01:15:14,680 In that vacuum of empathy, I was face-to-face 1383 01:15:14,680 --> 01:15:19,440 with my need for connection, for being heard, for intimacy. 1384 01:15:19,440 --> 01:15:22,640 It made me acutely aware of what makes us human. 1385 01:15:22,640 --> 01:15:26,240 -There's one thing that it can never do, 1386 01:15:26,240 --> 01:15:28,360 and this is maybe, I think, the last thing 1387 01:15:28,360 --> 01:15:30,400 that's going to be left for human beings. 1388 01:15:30,400 --> 01:15:32,320 When the machines can do everything we can do, 1389 01:15:32,320 --> 01:15:36,120 whether we write novels or make movies or whatever, 1390 01:15:36,120 --> 01:15:40,720 it can never do it from a human place, 1391 01:15:40,720 --> 01:15:44,560 because if a robot writes a novel about its mother dying, 1392 01:15:44,560 --> 01:15:46,480 I don't give a shit. 1393 01:15:46,480 --> 01:15:48,920 It doesn't have a mother. It didn't happen. 1394 01:15:48,920 --> 01:15:51,400 But when you are a human being, 1395 01:15:51,400 --> 01:15:53,840 you share that context with other human beings. 1396 01:15:53,840 --> 01:15:57,640 You know what it feels like to despair 1397 01:15:57,640 --> 01:16:00,280 or to triumph or to be in love or all these things 1398 01:16:00,280 --> 01:16:02,320 because we're embodied as human beings, 1399 01:16:02,320 --> 01:16:04,720 and we really have lived those experiences, 1400 01:16:04,720 --> 01:16:06,280 and we can share those with each other, 1401 01:16:06,280 --> 01:16:07,760 and I think that's it. 1402 01:16:07,760 --> 01:16:10,160 Right now, we're all on Facebook and Twitter, 1403 01:16:10,160 --> 01:16:13,680 and all we're doing is entertaining each other 1404 01:16:13,680 --> 01:16:17,880 with our stupid stories, our ability to just be human, 1405 01:16:17,880 --> 01:16:21,800 as idiotic as that may be 99% of the time. 1406 01:16:21,800 --> 01:16:23,960 And guess what? That's all we need. 1407 01:16:23,960 --> 01:16:26,040 That's all we really want. 1408 01:16:26,040 --> 01:16:34,640 ♪♪ 1409 01:16:34,640 --> 01:16:37,000 -We live in an extraordinary time 1410 01:16:37,000 --> 01:16:39,720 and are witness to the most amazing transformation 1411 01:16:39,720 --> 01:16:42,600 of humanity ever. 1412 01:16:42,600 --> 01:16:45,120 There's a potential to go far beyond anything 1413 01:16:45,120 --> 01:16:47,760 that we could have ever imagined, 1414 01:16:47,760 --> 01:16:52,960 or we could be architects of our own destruction. 1415 01:16:52,960 --> 01:16:56,440 We are still the driving force of the AI revolution, 1416 01:16:56,440 --> 01:17:00,360 but I can imagine a day that we are not. 1417 01:17:00,360 --> 01:17:03,440 If our creations reflect who we are, 1418 01:17:03,440 --> 01:17:05,800 then it will be the best and the worst 1419 01:17:05,800 --> 01:17:09,600 of what we have to offer. 1420 01:17:09,600 --> 01:17:12,560 What happens tomorrow is up to us today. 1421 01:17:12,560 --> 01:17:15,120 -♪ When a man is an empty kettle ♪ 1422 01:17:15,120 --> 01:17:17,560 ♪ He should be on his mettle ♪ 1423 01:17:17,560 --> 01:17:21,520 ♪ And yet I'm torn apart ♪ 1424 01:17:21,520 --> 01:17:23,920 ♪ Just because I'm presuming ♪ 1425 01:17:23,920 --> 01:17:26,240 ♪ That I could be kind of human ♪ 1426 01:17:26,240 --> 01:17:30,680 ♪ If I only had a heart ♪ 1427 01:17:30,680 --> 01:17:33,400 ♪ I be tender, I be gentle ♪ 1428 01:17:33,400 --> 01:17:35,880 ♪ And awful sentimental ♪ 1429 01:17:35,880 --> 01:17:40,080 ♪ Regarding love and art ♪ 1430 01:17:40,080 --> 01:17:42,440 ♪ I'd be friends with the sparrows ♪ 1431 01:17:42,440 --> 01:17:44,920 ♪ And the boy who shoots the arrows ♪ 1432 01:17:44,920 --> 01:17:49,040 ♪ If I only had a heart ♪ 1433 01:17:49,040 --> 01:17:54,880 ♪ Picture me a balcony above ♪ 1434 01:17:54,880 --> 01:17:58,600 ♪ A voice sings low ♪ 1435 01:17:58,600 --> 01:18:01,360 ♪ Wherefore art thou, Romeo? ♪ 1436 01:18:01,360 --> 01:18:03,960 ♪ I hear a beat ♪ 1437 01:18:03,960 --> 01:18:06,760 ♪ How sweet ♪ 1438 01:18:06,760 --> 01:18:10,600 ♪ Mm ♪ 1439 01:18:10,600 --> 01:18:13,200 ♪ Just to register emotion ♪ 1440 01:18:13,200 --> 01:18:15,680 ♪ Jealousy, devotion ♪ 1441 01:18:15,680 --> 01:18:19,640 ♪ And really feel apart ♪ 1442 01:18:19,640 --> 01:18:22,160 ♪ I could stay on a chipper ♪ 1443 01:18:22,160 --> 01:18:24,720 ♪ And I'd lock it with a zipper ♪ 1444 01:18:24,720 --> 01:18:32,400 ♪ If I only had a heart ♪ 115393

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