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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:20,020 --> 00:00:28,000 2,500 years ago, the Greek philosopher Plato wrote of an island he called Atlantis... 2 00:00:30,040 --> 00:00:34,060 ..that was swallowed up by the sea in a single day and night. 3 00:00:36,088 --> 00:00:39,028 Vanishing without a trace. 4 00:00:41,052 --> 00:00:47,028 Ever since, people have wondered where this mysterious island might have been, 5 00:00:47,028 --> 00:00:50,032 or whether it was all just a myth. 6 00:00:53,008 --> 00:00:55,048 New research suggests that 7 00:00:55,048 --> 00:00:58,052 Plato's story was based on real events. 8 00:00:58,052 --> 00:01:02,080 Recent underwater explorations off the Greek island of Santorini 9 00:01:02,080 --> 00:01:07,052 have revealed deposits from a massive volcanic eruption. 10 00:01:07,052 --> 00:01:09,096 One of the greatest in human history. 11 00:01:11,048 --> 00:01:16,096 And on Santorini itself, archaeologists have uncovered an ancient city. 12 00:01:16,096 --> 00:01:20,084 A lost world buried by the catastrophe. 13 00:01:25,052 --> 00:01:27,096 Based on the latest scientific research, 14 00:01:27,096 --> 00:01:30,076 this is the story 15 00:01:30,076 --> 00:01:32,072 of an incredible island, 16 00:01:32,072 --> 00:01:34,088 the people that lived there... 17 00:01:36,052 --> 00:01:43,024 ..and the extraordinary last days that inspired the legend of Atlantis. 18 00:01:55,084 --> 00:02:03,056 3,500 years ago, the Greek islands were home to a powerful and advanced Bronze Age civilisation... 19 00:02:05,052 --> 00:02:09,052 ..one that rivalled the Egypt of the Pharaohs. 20 00:02:09,052 --> 00:02:11,028 These were the Minoans. 21 00:02:11,028 --> 00:02:12,092 CHEERING 22 00:02:12,092 --> 00:02:14,000 BULL SNORTS 23 00:02:14,000 --> 00:02:15,096 CHEERING 24 00:02:21,000 --> 00:02:22,004 BULL SNORTS 25 00:02:23,068 --> 00:02:24,084 CHEERING 26 00:02:24,084 --> 00:02:27,060 BULL ROARS 27 00:02:32,000 --> 00:02:33,044 BULL ROARS 28 00:02:42,092 --> 00:02:43,096 CHEERING 29 00:02:53,060 --> 00:02:55,096 CHEERING 30 00:03:04,056 --> 00:03:08,092 WOMAN SINGS A HAUNTING MELODY 31 00:03:12,036 --> 00:03:19,040 In this world, powerful priestesses presided over strange and dangerous rituals. 32 00:03:28,048 --> 00:03:30,000 He's handsome, isn't he? 33 00:03:30,000 --> 00:03:33,076 Did you choose him for you mother, or for me? 34 00:03:33,076 --> 00:03:36,028 My son is the finest athlete in the whole of Thera. 35 00:03:36,028 --> 00:03:38,076 We're all terribly impressed, Rusa. 36 00:03:40,084 --> 00:03:42,092 CHEERING 37 00:03:44,036 --> 00:03:49,080 Plato wrote of great bulls roaming the temples of Atlantis. 38 00:03:49,080 --> 00:03:53,084 And the bull was certainly central to Minoan culture. 39 00:03:53,084 --> 00:03:58,032 Hear me great Poseidon, creator of the earth and sea. Lend me the courage 40 00:03:58,032 --> 00:04:01,052 of our forefathers and accept this wine as an offering. 41 00:04:01,052 --> 00:04:04,024 EARTH RUMBLES 42 00:04:04,024 --> 00:04:10,020 So important was the bull that it gave birth to the legend of the man-killing minotaur. 43 00:04:12,004 --> 00:04:14,068 Half human, half beast. 44 00:04:22,080 --> 00:04:24,040 BULL ROARS 45 00:05:41,036 --> 00:05:43,000 Yishharu, you OK? 46 00:05:44,048 --> 00:05:45,076 JEERING 47 00:05:47,004 --> 00:05:49,008 You've shamed us all! 48 00:05:49,008 --> 00:05:50,080 Go home! 49 00:05:53,016 --> 00:05:59,068 Bull leaping is thought to have been an important initiation rite for young Minoan men. 50 00:05:59,068 --> 00:06:02,008 And possibly even women. 51 00:06:03,036 --> 00:06:10,052 A spectacle performed all over Crete in temple palaces like this one at Knossos, 52 00:06:10,052 --> 00:06:15,040 a massive complex of over 1,300 rooms. 53 00:06:15,040 --> 00:06:19,080 This was the cradle of Western civilisation. 54 00:06:23,040 --> 00:06:24,092 Where's Yishharu? 55 00:06:24,092 --> 00:06:26,080 I was thinking I might leave him here. 56 00:06:26,080 --> 00:06:29,096 Save us all the embarrassment.He's a boy. 57 00:06:29,096 --> 00:06:33,044 The wife creates the man. 58 00:06:33,044 --> 00:06:35,004 Come on. 59 00:06:40,000 --> 00:06:42,096 Men, pull. Pull. 60 00:06:42,096 --> 00:06:49,020 The Minoans dominated the Mediterranean for over 1,000 years. 61 00:06:49,020 --> 00:06:55,056 Until an island 70 miles north of Crete blew itself apart. 62 00:06:55,056 --> 00:07:00,036 The island of Thera, known today as Santorini. 63 00:07:02,004 --> 00:07:06,012 Reconstructions of Thera show it consisted of 64 00:07:06,012 --> 00:07:12,016 circular belts of sea and land, just as Plato described Atlantis. 65 00:07:12,016 --> 00:07:16,056 Because the island was the top of a gigantic volcano 66 00:07:16,056 --> 00:07:21,092 that erupts on a cataclysmic scale roughly every 17,000 years. 67 00:07:26,024 --> 00:07:29,000 By 1620 BC, 68 00:07:29,000 --> 00:07:33,084 a pool of molten rock, large enough to bury a city the size of London 69 00:07:33,084 --> 00:07:38,028 had filled the magma chamber seven miles beneath the island. 70 00:07:42,052 --> 00:07:45,012 When did this start?Two days ago, master. 71 00:07:45,012 --> 00:07:48,004 Two days? 72 00:07:48,004 --> 00:07:51,076 You, pass me some fish. Can I have two? 73 00:07:51,076 --> 00:07:53,052 Where are you going with those? 74 00:07:53,052 --> 00:07:55,080 Poseidon's island. 75 00:07:55,080 --> 00:08:00,032 I've got an offering to make.You have a feast to attend.I won't be late. 76 00:08:08,040 --> 00:08:11,084 Thera's wealth was built on its mastery of the sea. 77 00:08:13,036 --> 00:08:18,052 Its fleet dominated the trade network of the Bronze Age world. 78 00:08:18,052 --> 00:08:26,036 The islanders grew rich, buying and selling goods from Africa and Asia and other parts of Europe. 79 00:08:26,036 --> 00:08:35,044 Their streets were lined with multi-storey houses, decorated with elaborate wall paintings. 80 00:08:35,044 --> 00:08:39,060 They built the world's first indoor toilets, connected 81 00:08:39,060 --> 00:08:47,008 to an underground sewage system - a luxury most Europeans would not enjoy for another 2,000 years. 82 00:08:51,064 --> 00:08:57,072 Presiding over this prosperous society was the priesthood. 83 00:08:57,072 --> 00:09:00,056 My son's wife, Pinaruti. 84 00:09:00,056 --> 00:09:02,020 Welcome. 85 00:09:02,020 --> 00:09:05,072 I've brought you oil, to honour your island goddess. 86 00:09:05,072 --> 00:09:09,004 That's for the high priestess, not for me. 87 00:09:09,004 --> 00:09:12,016 Come, I'll take you to her. 88 00:09:24,012 --> 00:09:26,088 High priestess? Yishharu's wife. 89 00:09:30,024 --> 00:09:35,008 Oil from the fields of sacred Mount Juktas to honour your island goddess. 90 00:09:39,044 --> 00:09:41,032 Come with me. 91 00:09:47,076 --> 00:09:51,068 Minoan women were remarkably independent and influential. 92 00:09:54,048 --> 00:09:57,084 The most influential of all were the priestesses. 93 00:10:00,000 --> 00:10:02,084 Their role was to communicate with the gods, 94 00:10:02,084 --> 00:10:06,012 often through elaborate rituals, 95 00:10:06,012 --> 00:10:09,088 in which saffron seems to have been used as a hallucinogenic. 96 00:10:09,088 --> 00:10:13,004 Querasia welcomes you to Thera, Pinaruti. 97 00:10:13,004 --> 00:10:15,080 And we welcome you in her name. 98 00:10:15,080 --> 00:10:18,044 Join us to give thanks for your safe arrival here. 99 00:10:28,000 --> 00:10:29,004 Don't forget your offering. 100 00:10:31,060 --> 00:10:38,008 Like other ancient civilisations, the Minoans believed that all things were inhabited by gods. 101 00:10:41,032 --> 00:10:46,024 There were gods for every natural phenomenon, from childbirth 102 00:10:46,024 --> 00:10:51,040 to earthquakes, to stormy seas, to mountain peaks. 103 00:10:56,088 --> 00:11:04,028 These gods weren't all seen as benign and merciful, but as temperamental and sometimes vindictive. 104 00:11:23,096 --> 00:11:27,064 Offerings were made by those seeking favour from the gods. 105 00:11:35,092 --> 00:11:43,048 And it was through ritual ceremonies that the priesthood sought clarity on the gods' desires. 106 00:12:02,004 --> 00:12:08,016 But in 1620 BC, the Minoans' complex belief system was 107 00:12:08,016 --> 00:12:12,076 about to be blown apart by geological forces beyond their understanding. 108 00:12:29,028 --> 00:12:31,088 PINARUTI GROANS 109 00:12:35,000 --> 00:12:36,088 It's OK, Pinaruti. 110 00:12:36,088 --> 00:12:41,056 One of the first signs that the volcano was stirring would have been 111 00:12:41,056 --> 00:12:46,048 hydrothermal explosions triggered by superheated ground water. 112 00:12:50,036 --> 00:12:51,048 You saw something. 113 00:12:52,068 --> 00:12:56,072 What was it? It was Yishharu. 114 00:12:56,072 --> 00:13:00,056 He was in danger. 115 00:13:00,056 --> 00:13:02,048 What kind of danger? 116 00:13:09,040 --> 00:13:12,008 The sacrificial axe was dripping in blood. 117 00:13:14,024 --> 00:13:16,012 His blood. 118 00:13:17,092 --> 00:13:20,012 Why would I see something like that? 119 00:13:23,004 --> 00:13:28,096 Sometimes our visions don't come from the gods, but from our own fears. 120 00:13:31,024 --> 00:13:33,024 This place is strange to you. 121 00:13:35,068 --> 00:13:38,056 And perhaps you're unsure of your husband. 122 00:13:44,004 --> 00:13:46,004 Come. 123 00:13:46,004 --> 00:13:48,096 We have a celebration to prepare for. 124 00:13:56,044 --> 00:14:01,024 We're here to welcome my son's new wife, Pinaruti. 125 00:14:01,024 --> 00:14:05,012 She's the daughter of my loyal business companion, Piteri. 126 00:14:05,012 --> 00:14:10,012 She is a Cretan, but let's not hold that against her. 127 00:14:10,012 --> 00:14:14,080 Ah, good of you to join us, Yishharu. 128 00:14:19,024 --> 00:14:21,056 Welcome. 129 00:14:21,056 --> 00:14:23,044 ALL: Welcome. Welcome. 130 00:14:25,096 --> 00:14:29,012 Now, I've seen many things in this world. 131 00:14:29,012 --> 00:14:32,020 Dolphins in the Straits of Hazim. 132 00:14:32,020 --> 00:14:35,004 I've chased dolphins across the Straits of Hazim. 133 00:14:36,084 --> 00:14:40,096 I've loaded my ships with treasures from Egypt. 134 00:14:40,096 --> 00:14:43,060 I've fought pirates off the shores of Elias. 135 00:14:43,060 --> 00:14:48,024 But none of it compares to the magnificence of this beautiful island. 136 00:14:48,024 --> 00:14:53,044 But none of it, none it compares to the magnificence of this island. 137 00:14:53,044 --> 00:14:57,072 An island I like to believe I've played a small part in making great. 138 00:14:57,072 --> 00:14:59,060 Sorry I was late. 139 00:14:59,060 --> 00:15:01,076 Without Cretan middlemen... 140 00:15:01,076 --> 00:15:03,040 Did you make your offering? 141 00:15:06,020 --> 00:15:08,008 Something happened at the sanctuary. 142 00:15:09,060 --> 00:15:11,056 The ground cracked. There was this fountain of boiling water. 143 00:15:11,056 --> 00:15:13,056 I don't know where it came from. 144 00:15:13,056 --> 00:15:18,012 It was as if the whole island was... Was being torn apart. 145 00:15:19,056 --> 00:15:22,080 At the bull leaping, you said that the ground shook. 146 00:15:22,080 --> 00:15:24,092 You should tell your father. 147 00:15:24,092 --> 00:15:30,072 I had hoped that my only son would follow in my wake and take to the seas. 148 00:15:30,072 --> 00:15:37,040 Until now he's put his blood and sweat into bulls, and temple priestesses. 149 00:15:37,040 --> 00:15:39,092 CHUCKLING 150 00:15:39,092 --> 00:15:43,076 Here's hoping that his wife can make a better man of him. 151 00:15:46,092 --> 00:15:49,024 He's drunk, let's go. 152 00:15:49,024 --> 00:15:53,012 We can't. This is in our honour.You think this is for us? 153 00:16:15,016 --> 00:16:19,068 My advice to anyone who marries is this. 154 00:16:23,008 --> 00:16:25,096 Enjoy every day, 155 00:16:25,096 --> 00:16:29,092 because you never know when the gods will decide to take away what is most precious to you. 156 00:16:29,092 --> 00:16:32,084 They've blessed you, Rusa. 157 00:16:32,084 --> 00:16:36,056 You tell us that they want us to do this, do that. 158 00:16:36,056 --> 00:16:40,068 We do it because you say so. This is intolerable. 159 00:16:42,036 --> 00:16:44,076 They don't speak to you. 160 00:16:44,076 --> 00:16:46,064 DOG BARKS 161 00:16:54,044 --> 00:16:56,016 SCREAMING 162 00:17:04,036 --> 00:17:06,008 Yishharu! 163 00:17:06,008 --> 00:17:08,020 Yishharu! 164 00:17:25,072 --> 00:17:27,040 Get down! 165 00:17:37,004 --> 00:17:39,008 Where's Yishharu? I don't know. 166 00:17:49,008 --> 00:17:54,084 One of the Minoans' most powerful gods was the Earth Shaker. 167 00:17:54,084 --> 00:17:57,032 And for good reason. 168 00:17:58,084 --> 00:18:04,020 Structural damage uncovered on Thera shows that around 1620 BC 169 00:18:04,020 --> 00:18:08,008 they were exposed to an enormous earthquake. 170 00:18:08,008 --> 00:18:12,008 Measuring more than seven on the Richter scale. 171 00:18:12,008 --> 00:18:18,016 Their buildings were designed to withstand minor tremors and quakes. 172 00:18:18,016 --> 00:18:23,036 Thick timber frames had been used to give them extra strength. 173 00:18:23,036 --> 00:18:30,028 Until finally, this quake, strong enough to shatter these stone steps, 174 00:18:30,028 --> 00:18:37,000 set in motion an irreversible chain of events for the people of Thera. 175 00:18:40,060 --> 00:18:43,060 Stay still. 176 00:18:50,016 --> 00:18:53,056 Hey, little lady. 177 00:18:53,056 --> 00:18:55,064 Has your husband left you already? 178 00:18:57,020 --> 00:19:00,008 You should try the temple. 179 00:19:00,008 --> 00:19:02,048 He used to find his peace there. 180 00:19:16,000 --> 00:19:18,020 HE GRUNTS 181 00:19:21,004 --> 00:19:24,008 Quick - over here. 182 00:19:29,028 --> 00:19:30,068 Is he all right? 183 00:19:30,068 --> 00:19:34,072 Looks like he's alive. 184 00:19:39,080 --> 00:19:41,068 Hold on, there's someone else. 185 00:20:49,096 --> 00:20:52,096 Look, I only went to the temple to get away from my father. 186 00:20:52,096 --> 00:20:54,080 I didn't know she'd be there. 187 00:20:54,080 --> 00:20:59,056 I don't want your excuses. Everyone knows what you've been doing with that woman. 188 00:20:59,056 --> 00:21:02,088 Even your father jokes about it. 189 00:21:02,088 --> 00:21:05,036 You've humiliated me, Yishharu. 190 00:21:05,036 --> 00:21:07,040 I won't stand for it. 191 00:21:07,040 --> 00:21:09,068 As soon as I knew she was there, I told her... 192 00:21:09,068 --> 00:21:11,024 You told her it was over. 193 00:21:12,076 --> 00:21:15,016 I told her that... It was a goodbye. 194 00:21:21,012 --> 00:21:22,076 Yeah, it was goodbye. 195 00:21:29,060 --> 00:21:33,036 We need to restore normality as soon as possible. 196 00:21:33,036 --> 00:21:36,032 Get them back into their homes.It's too soon. 197 00:21:38,088 --> 00:21:40,088 Their homes aren't safe yet. 198 00:21:40,088 --> 00:21:43,084 The houses may be damaged, but most of them are still standing. 199 00:21:43,084 --> 00:21:48,020 The houses have been weakened. We need to make them safe before the people return. 200 00:21:48,020 --> 00:21:53,000 And expect people to leave everything behind for thieves to steal? 201 00:21:53,000 --> 00:21:54,096 Anything of value can be safely stored. 202 00:21:54,096 --> 00:21:58,060 In the basements or under the door frames where the buildings are strongest. 203 00:21:58,060 --> 00:21:59,080 Then we seal up the doors. 204 00:22:03,040 --> 00:22:06,004 And the people go where? 205 00:22:06,004 --> 00:22:08,076 You expect them to camp in the streets? 206 00:22:10,096 --> 00:22:13,080 I move them out of the city while we repair the buildings. 207 00:22:13,080 --> 00:22:16,080 Priestess? 208 00:22:18,056 --> 00:22:21,032 Enough lives have been lost. 209 00:22:21,032 --> 00:22:23,084 We set up camps until the houses can be made safe. 210 00:22:25,088 --> 00:22:27,076 And, Rusa, 211 00:22:27,076 --> 00:22:30,064 the buildings are not all we have to repair. 212 00:22:30,064 --> 00:22:32,052 You take care of the gods, priestess. 213 00:22:32,052 --> 00:22:34,044 I'll get the town up and running. 214 00:22:40,040 --> 00:22:45,052 Archaeological evidence reveals that the earthquake damage was so severe 215 00:22:45,052 --> 00:22:48,032 that the Therans had to leave their homes. 216 00:22:51,084 --> 00:22:54,028 Their precious possessions were discovered stored 217 00:22:54,028 --> 00:22:59,000 beneath solid structures like wooden doorways and under beds. 218 00:22:59,000 --> 00:23:03,076 And the entrances to their houses were found sealed. 219 00:23:06,032 --> 00:23:12,040 Unlike Pompeii, no human remains have been found in the town, 220 00:23:12,040 --> 00:23:18,044 suggesting the islanders moved to temporary camps, imagining they'd be coming home soon. 221 00:23:47,048 --> 00:23:51,080 You're as pious as a priestess, Pinaruti. 222 00:23:51,080 --> 00:23:56,068 There are others on this island who could learn from your example. 223 00:23:57,052 --> 00:23:59,020 Rusa? 224 00:24:01,028 --> 00:24:03,020 He lost a wife. 225 00:24:04,072 --> 00:24:09,012 And he blames the priestess for failing to placate the Goddess Eileithyia. 226 00:24:09,012 --> 00:24:12,048 She died during childbirth? 227 00:24:12,048 --> 00:24:15,060 They were only newly married. 228 00:24:15,060 --> 00:24:20,068 Ever since, he's found it difficult to put his trust in us. 229 00:24:22,092 --> 00:24:26,000 If we can't trust you, who can we trust? 230 00:24:36,004 --> 00:24:41,056 For over 17,000 years, the magma chamber under Thera had been sealed. 231 00:24:43,032 --> 00:24:47,012 But the earthquake had fractured the chamber... 232 00:24:50,052 --> 00:24:56,060 Allowing magma to escape through vents, releasing sulphur and other poisonous gases. 233 00:25:00,004 --> 00:25:03,088 Are you sure it's safeto be this close? It's fine. 234 00:25:08,044 --> 00:25:10,000 But what's that smell? 235 00:25:10,000 --> 00:25:11,088 It's like rotten eggs. 236 00:25:11,088 --> 00:25:13,068 That's the smell of the water. 237 00:25:13,068 --> 00:25:15,060 I believe it drives the bad spirits away. 238 00:25:17,016 --> 00:25:20,036 We don't know why it smells. 239 00:25:20,036 --> 00:25:22,024 Or why it's so lovely and hot. 240 00:25:26,016 --> 00:25:27,064 Come in, it's great! 241 00:25:35,056 --> 00:25:36,064 What's wrong? 242 00:25:36,064 --> 00:25:38,016 Yishharu. 243 00:25:38,016 --> 00:25:40,016 Yishharu, quick, get back. 244 00:25:50,076 --> 00:25:53,044 The ocean... The ocean is turning! 245 00:26:06,060 --> 00:26:08,044 My father won't believe it was a sign. 246 00:26:10,016 --> 00:26:12,052 I just wish I was better at understanding the gods. 247 00:26:12,052 --> 00:26:18,020 They're trying to tell us something. Your father's a powerfuland sensible man, Yishharu. 248 00:26:18,020 --> 00:26:20,000 When he talks, everyone listens to him. 249 00:26:20,000 --> 00:26:24,020 If you can just convince him that this is a warning from the gods. 250 00:26:24,020 --> 00:26:26,092 My father's faith in the gods ended when they stole my mother. 251 00:26:39,016 --> 00:26:41,060 Where are you going? To the temple. 252 00:26:41,060 --> 00:26:44,000 Bansabira will know what the gods want. 253 00:26:44,000 --> 00:26:45,096 EXPLOSION 254 00:26:56,020 --> 00:26:59,072 Finally, pressure from rising magma 255 00:26:59,072 --> 00:27:05,084 blasted out a plug of rock that had blocked the mouth of the volcano for thousands of years. 256 00:27:16,064 --> 00:27:19,060 This was a pre-eruption. 257 00:27:19,060 --> 00:27:22,072 Simply the volcano clearing its throat. 258 00:27:27,056 --> 00:27:33,016 Previous generations would have witnessed small eruptions like this, 259 00:27:33,016 --> 00:27:37,040 and seen them as signs from the gods. 260 00:27:37,040 --> 00:27:41,060 Signs that the priesthood was expected to understand. 261 00:27:46,020 --> 00:27:47,076 What do we do? 262 00:27:50,060 --> 00:27:53,088 The Earth Shaker is speaking to us. 263 00:27:53,088 --> 00:27:56,040 Just as he spoke to our forefathers. 264 00:27:58,060 --> 00:28:00,088 We must respond as they did. 265 00:28:15,056 --> 00:28:20,064 For the Minoans, there was no better way to appease unpredictable 266 00:28:20,064 --> 00:28:24,068 and violent gods than to make an offering. 267 00:28:27,064 --> 00:28:31,000 Preferably of blood. 268 00:28:35,048 --> 00:28:39,024 Your father didn't seefit to join us. He's busy. 269 00:28:39,024 --> 00:28:41,036 Is that so? 270 00:28:41,036 --> 00:28:44,092 Our mayor is too busy to honour the gods! 271 00:28:44,092 --> 00:28:46,056 MUTTERING 272 00:28:52,076 --> 00:28:57,024 Their peak sanctuaries have been found littered with animal bones. 273 00:28:59,048 --> 00:29:02,088 Goats, sheep, pigs, 274 00:29:02,088 --> 00:29:04,040 even bulls. 275 00:29:32,096 --> 00:29:35,096 ALL: Hail, Poseidon. 276 00:29:35,096 --> 00:29:40,056 Poseidon, raging lord of the deep, 277 00:29:42,012 --> 00:29:46,040 we offer you the sacred blood of bulls. 278 00:29:46,040 --> 00:29:50,072 May it drown your anger, mighty dark-haired lord. 279 00:29:51,080 --> 00:29:57,000 Let us live in stillness and peace once more. 280 00:29:57,000 --> 00:30:01,064 Hail, Poseidon, ruler of the earth and seven seas. 281 00:30:35,060 --> 00:30:41,044 The priesthood's power hinged on its ability to keep the gods in check. 282 00:30:56,068 --> 00:31:01,080 But the forces unleashed beneath Thera were now unstoppable. 283 00:31:01,080 --> 00:31:05,008 RUMBLING AND SCREAMING 284 00:31:19,060 --> 00:31:23,060 From volcanic deposits, we know that the early stages of the eruption 285 00:31:23,060 --> 00:31:27,044 covered the island with a sprinkling of light ash. 286 00:31:27,044 --> 00:31:31,060 Enough to contaminate the water supply. 287 00:31:31,060 --> 00:31:35,032 What are you doing? Are you trying to poison me?! 288 00:31:38,036 --> 00:31:40,076 They're taking against Pinaruti. 289 00:31:42,028 --> 00:31:45,004 I'm sure she means no harm. 290 00:31:45,004 --> 00:31:48,092 This trouble began when SHE arrived here. You know that. 291 00:31:50,044 --> 00:31:54,040 Rusa brought her here and we know the gods don't favour him. 292 00:31:54,040 --> 00:31:58,036 Perhaps they're providing a way for both of us to get what we want. 293 00:32:20,096 --> 00:32:23,040 Forgive me, priestess. 294 00:32:24,092 --> 00:32:27,036 I think I know what Poseidon's asking for. 295 00:32:32,012 --> 00:32:34,012 Speak. 296 00:32:37,044 --> 00:32:40,076 I should have shared it earlier. 297 00:32:40,076 --> 00:32:43,060 When Pinaruti told me about her vision... 298 00:32:43,060 --> 00:32:47,016 Go on. She saw a sacrifice. 299 00:32:49,000 --> 00:32:50,040 But it was not a bull. 300 00:32:53,028 --> 00:32:54,060 It was a person. 301 00:33:07,048 --> 00:33:09,004 Who? 302 00:33:13,056 --> 00:33:16,028 It was her own blood that was spilt. 303 00:33:19,044 --> 00:33:21,072 She was the sacrifice. 304 00:33:24,020 --> 00:33:28,008 Perhaps her vision 305 00:33:28,008 --> 00:33:31,068 is the gods' way of telling us that she's not welcome. 306 00:33:33,076 --> 00:33:35,072 She's cursed. 307 00:33:40,004 --> 00:33:42,088 Tell Yidini to gather the people. 308 00:33:42,088 --> 00:33:45,036 I will speak to them and restore order. 309 00:33:47,052 --> 00:33:50,088 What would make this eruption different from any other 310 00:33:50,088 --> 00:33:56,064 the Therans had experienced was the interaction of two kinds of magma, 311 00:33:56,064 --> 00:34:00,028 triggering a catastrophic chemical reaction. 312 00:34:08,080 --> 00:34:11,096 This chemical reaction would thrust 313 00:34:11,096 --> 00:34:17,064 an estimated 150 billion tons of magma to the surface. 314 00:34:17,064 --> 00:34:19,072 Hail, priestess. Hail, priestess. 315 00:34:27,020 --> 00:34:33,008 And transform this eruption into the greatest disaster the ancient world had ever seen. 316 00:34:47,036 --> 00:34:50,076 High priestess, the people wait to hear you. 317 00:34:56,028 --> 00:34:58,004 < People of Thera. 318 00:34:58,004 --> 00:35:01,048 Everyone. 319 00:35:01,048 --> 00:35:04,060 Friends and colleagues. 320 00:35:04,060 --> 00:35:06,044 You must listen to me. 321 00:35:06,044 --> 00:35:08,032 This is preposterous. 322 00:35:10,008 --> 00:35:13,016 The blood of bulls is not enough. 323 00:35:13,016 --> 00:35:15,040 There is nothing more we can offer. 324 00:35:15,040 --> 00:35:18,056 The gods have given us enough warning. 325 00:35:18,056 --> 00:35:22,080 My fleet will sail at sunset. We will leave the island 326 00:35:22,080 --> 00:35:25,072 till it is safe to return. 327 00:35:25,072 --> 00:35:30,048 There is only one authority we can trust on this island. The truth. 328 00:35:34,092 --> 00:35:37,088 People of Thera, 329 00:35:37,088 --> 00:35:41,068 in order to restore peace on our island, 330 00:35:41,068 --> 00:35:45,024 Poseidon has asked for something more. 331 00:35:45,024 --> 00:35:48,088 What are you going to offer him now? Lions? Elephants? 332 00:35:50,064 --> 00:35:55,024 Until peace and calm can be restored, 333 00:35:55,024 --> 00:36:00,040 those that want to leave the island may do so. 334 00:36:00,040 --> 00:36:05,060 - You cannot stay here, surely? - You have to do your duty, Rusa. 335 00:36:05,060 --> 00:36:07,084 And I have to do mine. 336 00:36:12,088 --> 00:36:16,016 There will be another sacrifice. 337 00:36:16,016 --> 00:36:18,096 This time I... 338 00:36:18,096 --> 00:36:22,044 will undertake it on behalf of all of us. 339 00:36:24,032 --> 00:36:27,092 RUMBLING 340 00:37:17,012 --> 00:37:20,052 The sound of the eruption was heard as far away as Egypt. 341 00:37:22,004 --> 00:37:29,008 A superheated column of gas, ash and rock blasted six miles into the stratosphere... 342 00:37:31,000 --> 00:37:35,044 ..forming a mushroom cloud similar to an atomic bomb. 343 00:37:40,032 --> 00:37:47,088 This was a Plinian eruption, the most deadly of all volcanic events. 344 00:37:47,088 --> 00:37:52,072 Everyone! We need to leave the island now. 345 00:37:52,072 --> 00:37:54,076 To stay here is madness. 346 00:37:54,076 --> 00:37:57,084 Everyone, follow me. To the ships. 347 00:38:04,040 --> 00:38:06,084 Get your things and meet me at the harbour. 348 00:38:08,024 --> 00:38:09,084 What now? 349 00:38:11,064 --> 00:38:14,016 We do as we planned. 350 00:38:14,016 --> 00:38:16,096 Bring me Pinaruti. 351 00:38:26,036 --> 00:38:28,048 We need every inch of every ship. 352 00:38:28,048 --> 00:38:32,048 OK, everybody. Cargo overboard. 353 00:38:38,020 --> 00:38:40,028 Make space, come on. 354 00:38:40,028 --> 00:38:42,064 Come on, move, move. 355 00:38:46,064 --> 00:38:50,012 We're leaving the city with my father. You're free to go, Yishharu. 356 00:38:50,012 --> 00:38:52,000 We're BOTH leaving. No! 357 00:38:52,000 --> 00:38:55,020 Pinaruti must fulfil her destiny. The gods have demanded it. 358 00:38:55,020 --> 00:38:57,076 Her destiny is with me. 359 00:38:59,044 --> 00:39:03,096 Your vision, Pinaruti, spelled out your destiny. 360 00:39:03,096 --> 00:39:09,016 We do not choose these things. The gods decide for us. 361 00:39:09,016 --> 00:39:11,016 We must ensure it is fulfilled. 362 00:39:11,016 --> 00:39:14,052 What vision? 363 00:39:15,092 --> 00:39:19,020 What vision?!You said it wasn't clear. 364 00:39:21,000 --> 00:39:26,048 That it wasn't the gods speaking, it was my own fears. And it wasn't me! 365 00:39:31,076 --> 00:39:34,040 It's not what I saw. 366 00:39:37,068 --> 00:39:41,052 What did you see? 367 00:39:47,008 --> 00:39:49,024 Who did you see? 368 00:39:52,012 --> 00:39:54,084 Who did you see?! 369 00:40:05,056 --> 00:40:07,088 After them! 370 00:40:20,092 --> 00:40:24,052 Just move up. There's enough room. We can get you all on board. 371 00:40:26,008 --> 00:40:28,020 Yishharu, where are you? 372 00:40:34,076 --> 00:40:38,064 It was Yishharu's blood she saw sacrificed. 373 00:40:39,056 --> 00:40:45,004 May the gods forgive your deception, Ariad. I'm not sure I can. 374 00:40:53,060 --> 00:40:58,044 We know what the gods have asked for. The vision must be fulfilled. 375 00:40:58,044 --> 00:41:02,016 It wasn't clear enough.I don't think... Start thinking. 376 00:41:02,016 --> 00:41:04,076 The gods are tearing Thera apart. 377 00:41:04,076 --> 00:41:07,064 If you can't tell us why, if you can't stop it, 378 00:41:07,064 --> 00:41:09,084 then what must the people think? 379 00:41:11,008 --> 00:41:15,088 Where is your power, Bansabira, if you can't appease the gods? 380 00:41:15,088 --> 00:41:23,020 They've demanded a life and have shown us who it must be. 381 00:41:28,000 --> 00:41:30,096 Find him. 382 00:41:38,004 --> 00:41:43,052 Keep going, come on.I'm slowing you down. 383 00:41:55,040 --> 00:41:59,032 What are you doing?If they catch you, they'll kill you. 384 00:41:59,032 --> 00:42:02,024 I'll get rid of them and comeback for you. What if you don't? 385 00:42:03,092 --> 00:42:07,028 Then you must find my father and tell him what's happened? 386 00:42:07,028 --> 00:42:12,004 I'm scared, Yishharu. I'm scared of losing you. 387 00:42:19,028 --> 00:42:23,016 SHE SOBS 388 00:43:15,032 --> 00:43:18,004 You think killing me will stop this, Bansabira? 389 00:43:18,004 --> 00:43:20,060 The gods want us all dead! 390 00:43:22,084 --> 00:43:25,048 In the first hours of the eruption, 391 00:43:25,048 --> 00:43:28,088 the volcano would have ejected billions of tons 392 00:43:28,088 --> 00:43:32,020 of magma into the sky. 393 00:43:35,008 --> 00:43:37,068 Rapidly cooling, it fell as pumice. 394 00:43:37,068 --> 00:43:40,044 THUDDING AND RATTLING 395 00:43:42,052 --> 00:43:44,052 These small stones and rocks 396 00:43:44,052 --> 00:43:49,032 filled with tiny bubbles of air, began to bury the island. 397 00:43:49,032 --> 00:43:51,052 SCREAMING AND SHOUTING 398 00:43:51,052 --> 00:43:57,056 One at a time! Don't push! Master, we've got to set sail! 399 00:44:00,072 --> 00:44:04,076 We need to make for the ships. We should go now. 400 00:44:08,060 --> 00:44:10,052 Look at him, Bansabira. 401 00:44:10,052 --> 00:44:13,032 Even your own people don't believe in this. 402 00:44:15,016 --> 00:44:16,084 Silence him. 403 00:44:19,088 --> 00:44:21,008 Forgive me. 404 00:44:24,072 --> 00:44:27,020 But it was ash, not pumice, 405 00:44:27,020 --> 00:44:32,020 that posed the more immediate threat. Help! Help me! 406 00:44:32,020 --> 00:44:37,096 Volcanic ash isn't like ordinary ash. It contains silicone. 407 00:44:37,096 --> 00:44:40,000 Once inhaled, 408 00:44:40,000 --> 00:44:45,068 it mixes with the moisture in the lungs to form a liquid cement. 409 00:44:45,068 --> 00:44:48,068 Somebody, please help me. 410 00:44:48,068 --> 00:44:51,016 Please help! 411 00:44:51,016 --> 00:44:53,052 Help me, please! 412 00:44:56,048 --> 00:44:59,000 It makes breathing difficult. 413 00:44:59,000 --> 00:45:00,064 THEY GASP AND COUGH 414 00:45:00,064 --> 00:45:04,020 Then impossible. 415 00:45:36,072 --> 00:45:41,008 Rusa! Pinaruti! 416 00:45:42,036 --> 00:45:45,040 Where's Yishharu? The priests came after us. 417 00:45:45,040 --> 00:45:51,036 They wanted me as a sacrifice.He said he'd be back.SHE SOBS 418 00:45:51,036 --> 00:45:56,072 Rusa, we've got to go! Take her to her father in Crete. No. No! 419 00:45:56,072 --> 00:46:02,056 No, I don't want to go without him. Tie her up if you have to. No. No! 420 00:46:02,056 --> 00:46:07,092 Rusa! Rusa! Let me go! 421 00:46:09,000 --> 00:46:11,028 Let me go! 422 00:46:23,000 --> 00:46:25,000 EXPLOSION 423 00:46:38,088 --> 00:46:41,032 Halt! Out of my way! 424 00:46:50,064 --> 00:46:53,060 As the crater widened, sea water poured into it. 425 00:46:53,060 --> 00:46:58,004 On contact with the magma, the water exploded as steam, 426 00:46:58,004 --> 00:47:02,040 triggering the next volcanic phase. 427 00:47:08,012 --> 00:47:10,096 The violent reaction between water and magma 428 00:47:10,096 --> 00:47:14,044 created a phreatomagmatic eruption. 429 00:47:28,080 --> 00:47:31,072 It's estimated the sound pressure from this explosion 430 00:47:31,072 --> 00:47:33,092 would have reached 300 decibels. 431 00:47:45,072 --> 00:47:49,064 The sheer force ripped rocks from inside the crater, 432 00:47:49,064 --> 00:47:53,044 catapulting them into the air like deadly missiles. 433 00:47:55,016 --> 00:47:57,060 Lava bombs. 434 00:48:02,036 --> 00:48:06,024 These burning chunks of magma can be the size of a small truck 435 00:48:06,024 --> 00:48:09,012 and weigh up to eight tons. 436 00:48:53,032 --> 00:48:55,008 HE GROANS 437 00:48:55,008 --> 00:48:59,096 Turn back! Turn back! 438 00:49:01,076 --> 00:49:04,084 Turn back.SHE SOBS 439 00:49:04,084 --> 00:49:07,032 There's nothing to go back to. 440 00:49:09,084 --> 00:49:16,008 Please, turn back. Please.SHE SOBS 441 00:49:33,000 --> 00:49:35,096 With the crater widening, 442 00:49:35,096 --> 00:49:39,036 the pressure forcing the column upwards started to drop. 443 00:49:45,004 --> 00:49:49,052 Gas and rock spilled from the sides of the collapsing column. 444 00:49:59,036 --> 00:50:01,028 Known as pyroclastic flows, 445 00:50:01,028 --> 00:50:05,012 these superheated waves of gas and rock reached speeds 446 00:50:05,012 --> 00:50:07,012 of up to 180 miles an hour, 447 00:50:07,012 --> 00:50:12,028 and temperatures of 700 degrees Celsius. 448 00:50:47,052 --> 00:50:53,020 You've taken all that's precious to me. Is this all you have left?! 449 00:51:31,080 --> 00:51:35,024 As the pyroclastic flows hit the sea, 450 00:51:35,024 --> 00:51:38,016 hot ash caused the water surface to boil, 451 00:51:38,016 --> 00:51:40,072 propelling them along 452 00:51:40,072 --> 00:51:46,000 at an even faster speed on superheated beds of steam. 453 00:51:54,092 --> 00:51:57,028 Come on, come on, row! 454 00:52:16,000 --> 00:52:19,044 Row, row, row, come on! 455 00:52:22,044 --> 00:52:24,012 Come on, row! 456 00:52:48,096 --> 00:52:52,012 The deadly impact of the eruption 457 00:52:52,012 --> 00:52:54,088 extended far beyond the island of Thera. 458 00:52:56,052 --> 00:53:00,056 Pyroclastic flows pushed volcanic debris out into the sea, 459 00:53:00,056 --> 00:53:03,064 generating huge waves. 460 00:53:05,036 --> 00:53:07,028 Tsunamis. 461 00:53:18,072 --> 00:53:24,020 People on the nearby island of Crete might have seen the warning signs. 462 00:53:24,020 --> 00:53:27,016 But had little time to react. 463 00:53:30,016 --> 00:53:33,048 Travelling at 200 miles an hour, it would have taken 464 00:53:33,048 --> 00:53:37,080 only 20 minutes for the first tsunami to reach Crete. 465 00:53:45,012 --> 00:53:48,056 Experts estimate that by the time the waves hit the coastline, 466 00:53:48,056 --> 00:53:51,060 they would have been over 60 feet high. 467 00:53:53,000 --> 00:53:54,004 Run! 468 00:54:54,004 --> 00:54:59,096 New research has revealed that a series of tsunamis ravaged towns 469 00:54:59,096 --> 00:55:03,000 all along Crete's northern coastline for hours, 470 00:55:03,000 --> 00:55:05,048 if not days after the eruption. 471 00:55:10,004 --> 00:55:14,088 Killing an estimated 30,000 people. 472 00:55:22,044 --> 00:55:26,080 It was a disaster on an unimaginable scale. 473 00:55:31,036 --> 00:55:35,088 Three times larger than Krakatoa. 474 00:55:35,088 --> 00:55:39,084 100 times larger than Mount St Helens. 475 00:55:39,084 --> 00:55:44,036 And 40,000 times more powerful than the Hiroshima bomb. 476 00:55:50,032 --> 00:55:53,064 The ash from the eruption plunged the Mediterranean 477 00:55:53,064 --> 00:55:55,028 into weeks of darkness. 478 00:55:56,080 --> 00:56:02,032 Global temperatures dipped, stunting plant growth as far away as Britain. 479 00:56:11,060 --> 00:56:14,040 Minoan society was shaken to the core. 480 00:56:19,032 --> 00:56:25,000 Archaeological evidence reveals that there was deep social unrest. 481 00:56:25,000 --> 00:56:30,020 Towns and temple palaces were sacked and burnt. 482 00:56:30,020 --> 00:56:31,076 Humans sacrificed. 483 00:56:34,040 --> 00:56:39,068 Finally, a civilisation that had lasted for over 1300 years 484 00:56:39,068 --> 00:56:41,088 was invaded and absorbed 485 00:56:41,088 --> 00:56:46,000 by a warring Greek tribe called the Mycenaeans. 486 00:56:51,020 --> 00:56:57,052 Stories of the disaster, however, were passed on, retold, embellished. 487 00:57:01,012 --> 00:57:04,052 Many experts now believe that accounts of Thera's destruction 488 00:57:04,052 --> 00:57:09,064 inspired Plato to write a morality tale about the rise 489 00:57:09,064 --> 00:57:14,032 and fall of a great civilisation he called Atlantis. 490 00:57:16,080 --> 00:57:20,036 He wrote, "The island consists of circular belts of sea 491 00:57:20,036 --> 00:57:25,048 "and land enclosing one another. 492 00:57:25,048 --> 00:57:28,060 "A seaway and harbour filled with vessels 493 00:57:28,060 --> 00:57:31,012 "and merchants from all quarters. 494 00:57:31,012 --> 00:57:33,064 "And the wealth they possessed 495 00:57:33,064 --> 00:57:37,040 "was so immense, that the like had never been seen before. 496 00:57:41,004 --> 00:57:45,012 "In the sacred precincts of Poseidon there were bulls at large, 497 00:57:45,012 --> 00:57:50,008 "and the ten princes hunted after the bulls with staves and nooses. 498 00:57:53,056 --> 00:57:57,060 "Then there occurred portentous earthquakes and floods, 499 00:57:57,060 --> 00:58:00,044 "and one grievous day and night 500 00:58:00,044 --> 00:58:03,040 "the island of Atlantis was swallowed up by the sea... 501 00:58:05,080 --> 00:58:07,052 "..and vanished." 502 00:58:18,028 --> 00:58:22,080 And so a great and wonderful world, 503 00:58:22,080 --> 00:58:26,080 cut off in its prime by a disaster of cataclysmic proportions, 504 00:58:26,080 --> 00:58:30,084 became the birthplace of one of the greatest legends of all time... 505 00:58:33,060 --> 00:58:35,044 ..Atlantis. 506 00:58:42,056 --> 00:58:45,056 Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd 507 00:58:45,056 --> 00:58:48,044 E-mail subtitling@bbc.co.uk 40684

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