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The images you will see in this film
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were brought back by the Apollo astronauts
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from their journeys to the moon.
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Between 1961 and 1972,
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some 400,000 people worked on
NASA's moon landing program.
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The moon landing remains mankind's
greatest technological achievement to this day.
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This is the story of the daring moon pioneers
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from Apollo 1 to Apollo 17.
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The official numbering of
the Apollo missions began with Apollo 4.
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Unmanned launch of
the booster rocket in 1967.
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A year later, the launches of Apollo 5
and Apollo 6 into a low earth orbit followed.
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Both were further technical trials
of the Apollo Hardware.
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In 1967, a routine exercise led to a deadly mishap
on the launching pad in Cape Kennedy.
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The fatal mission was dubbed Apollo 1
to honor the memory of the 3 deceased astronauts.
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Apollo 7 was the first manned Apollo mission.
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The mission proved
the ability of the spacecraft and crew
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to function well during a longer operation.
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The main goal was to prove
that the command module
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was able to link up again with
the third stage of the rocket in orbit.
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Docking maneuvers are the most
important element of the Apollo program.
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The Apollo spacecraft consists of
2 modules and the docked lunar module.
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The service module.
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This is where among
other things the life-support systems,
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the reaction control thrusters,
and the main propulsion unit are located.
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The command module.
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This is where the astronauts live
and navigate the spacecraft.
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Before re-entering the earth's atmosphere,
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the command module
separates from the service module
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and becomes the landing capsule
with a heat shield.
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The navigation is carried out using
a sextant which focuses on fixed stars.
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Water particles discharged by
the spacecraft's own refuel system
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make visibility more difficult.
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The crew soon coins a name
for the new star constellation.
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Constellation Urion.
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Space veteran Walter Schirra developed
a bad cold on the very first day in space.
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His experience from the earlier
Mercury and Gemini missions was no help.
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In no time at all, the commander
had passed it onto his crew as well.
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The astronauts have to
keep blowing their noses.
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Under the weightless conditions in space,
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the orange juice and nasal discharge
don't automatically flow downwards
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when the crew has a cold.
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Apollo 7 orbited close to the earth
at a distance of about 260 kilometers.
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The crew had the opportunity
to take hundreds of photos of
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the earth's thin atmosphere
and the earth's surface.
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Many of the places they photographed
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had never had a camera lens focused on them
until the Apollo 7 flight in 1968.
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After 10 days, they had proved beyond doubt
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that the Apollo Hardware was safe enough
for the long flight to the moon.
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Apollo 8 was able to
be launched just 2 months later.
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Apollo 8 marked the fulfillment of
one of mankind's oldest dreams.
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The first human beings
set off to fly to the moon.
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On December 24th, 1968,
3 days after launching,
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the Apollo spacecraft braked
before swinging into orbit around the moon.
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While it was behind the moon,
the spacecraft rotated on its own axis.
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As it rose above the moon,
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the earth came into
the astronauts' field of vision.
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Oh my God! Look at that picture over there!
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There's the earth comin' up.
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Wow, is that pretty!
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The photo of our blue planet
became an iconic picture.
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For the first time, people became
aware of how fragile the earth is.
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This portrait of our home planet is regarded
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as the mainspring of
the environmental protection movement.
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While orbiting the moon,
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the astronauts read the first lines of
the story of creation from the Bible.
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Their Christmas message
was heard by over a billion people.
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For all the people back on earth,
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we, the crew of Apollo 8
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has a message that
we would like to send to you.
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In the beginning,
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God created the heaven and the earth.
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And the earth was without form and void.
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And the darkness was upon
the face of the deep.
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And the Spirit of God moved upon
the face of the waters.
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And God said, "Let there be light."
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And there was light.
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And God saw the light, that it was good.
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And God divided the light from the darkness.
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And God called the light Day,
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and the darkness he called Night.
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And the evening and
the morning were the first day.
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And God said, "Let there be a firmament
in the midst of the waters,"
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"and let it divide the waters from the waters."
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And God made the firmament,
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and divided the waters
which were under the firmament
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from the waters
which were above the firmament.
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And it was so.
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And God called the firmament Heaven.
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And the evening and the morning
were the second day.
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And God said, "Let the waters under the heaven
be gathered together unto one place,"
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"and let the dry land appear." And it was so.
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And God called the dry land earth.
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And the gathering together
of the waters called he Seas.
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God saw that it was good.
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And from the crew of Apollo 8,
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we close with good night, good luck,
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a Merry Christmas
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and God bless all of you,
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all of you on the good earth.
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The task of the Apollo 9 crew
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was to test the lunar module
for the first time in the vacuum of space.
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The petals of the cladding around
the third stage of the rocket were blown off.
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And the lunar module was exposed
in the upper section of the third stage of the rocket.
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The Apollo spacecraft turned through 180 degrees
to dock with the lunar module.
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After docking, the lunar module was extracted from
the third stage of the rocket.
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The astronauts could start to
clamor into the docked lunar module.
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The first solo flight of
the lunar module in the vacuum of space
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after it had been undocked
went without a hitch.
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Secured only by a nylon cable,
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Russell Schweickart left the lunar module.
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He took a photo of his colleague, David Scott
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who was just opening the hatch
of the command module.
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The astronauts spacesuits
also passed the space test.
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00:07:54,886 --> 00:07:58,969
The goal of Apollo 10 was to test
the lunar module in lunar orbit.
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The astronauts tested all the maneuvers
necessary for a landing
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except for the landing itself.
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On their flight to the moon,
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the astronauts had no idea that
they would have a brush with death during the mission.
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The command module approached to
within 110 kilometers of the moon's surface.
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The lunar module had undocked
from the command module
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and swept down towards the earth's moon.
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The moon appeared close enough to touch
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only 15 kilometers separated
the lunar module from its surface.
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But disaster struck
during the ascent back to the spacecraft.
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The separation of the descent stage
succeeded only after repeated attempts.
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Then the reaction control engines
and the reaction control thrusters failed.
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Commander Tom Stafford
assumed manual control.
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At the very last moment,
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they were able to prevent the module
from crashing into the moon's surface.
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An American bald eagle,
the symbol of the United States
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held an olive branch in its beak.
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00:09:12,152 --> 00:09:18,032
Illustrating that the crew of Apollo 11's intention
was to land peacefully on the moon.
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The launch rocket,
Saturn V was 110 meters high.
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Here it can be seen
leaving the construction hole.
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00:09:24,961 --> 00:09:28,990
The Vertical Assembly Building
is over 160 meters high,
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so high that crowds even formed inside it.
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A tracked vehicle carried the 300 ton Saturn V
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to the launching pad some
five and a half kilometers away.
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Neil Armstrong reported back
when he received the good wishes.
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Thank you very much.
We know it will be a good flight.
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Good luck and Godspeed.
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Astronauts reported, "Feels good."
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T-15 seconds. Guidance is internal.
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12, 11, 10, 9,
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00:10:01,110 --> 00:10:04,453
Ignition sequence starts. 6,
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5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.
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All engines running.
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00:10:12,146 --> 00:10:14,379
Liftoff! We have a liftoff.
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00:10:14,380 --> 00:10:19,129
32 minutes past the hour. Liftoff on Apollo 11.
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00:10:43,305 --> 00:10:50,105
Apollo 11 started on July 16th, 1969
at 9:32 local time.
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The start of Saturn V can be heard further away
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than any other man-made noise
except for that of an electronic bomb.
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More than 2,000 kilometers away,
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seismic measuring stations
registered the shockwaves.
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The journey to the moon is carried out
in several stages by space vehicles,
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which are jettisoned as soon as
they have fulfilled their function.
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This enables the spacecraft to get by
with less starting ballast and fuel.
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After 12 minutes, the Apollo spacecraft
reached its cruising orbit,
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180 kilometers above the earth.
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00:12:01,149 --> 00:12:02,751
Following a system check,
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the Go for Translunar Injection Command
was issued.
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00:12:06,166 --> 00:12:09,487
After the command,
the third stage was reignited,
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putting the spacecraft into
lunar transfer orbit trajectory.
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The flight to the moon could begin.
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00:12:17,948 --> 00:12:20,330
During Apollo 11's three-day journey,
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live television pictures were broadcast.
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The pilot of the lunar module demonstrated
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how to put ham spread on a slice of
bread under weightless conditions.
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In the command module,
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the display on the navigation computer
shines brightly.
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There was no keyboard with letters.
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The astronauts have to
enter pairs of commands
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consisting of a letter-based abbreviation
and a number combination.
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A complete moon mission
requires over 10,500 keystrokes.
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In addition to the sextant
and the navigation computer,
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maps of the stars are also used
for orientation in space.
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They permit the astronauts to determine
their position accurately at any time.
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After a three-day journey of
over 380,000 kilometers,
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Apollo 11 reached its lunar orbit.
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00:13:13,726 --> 00:13:16,514
Neil Armstrong who was born in 1930
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and who was fascinated by
flying even as a child
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and Buzz Aldrin, son of an army pilot
and the same age as Armstrong
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prepared to climb into the lunar module.
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Then, the lunar module known as Eagle
undocked from the command module.
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OK, all flight controllers
go-no-go for powered descent.
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- Retro?
- Go.
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00:13:37,054 --> 00:13:37,827
- FIDO?
- Go.
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00:13:37,927 --> 00:13:38,536
- Guidance?
- Go.
189
00:13:38,636 --> 00:13:39,479
- Control?
- Go.
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00:13:39,579 --> 00:13:40,305
- TELCOM?
- Go.
191
00:13:40,405 --> 00:13:41,172
- GNC?
- Go.
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00:13:41,272 --> 00:13:42,062
- EECOM?
- Go.
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00:13:42,162 --> 00:13:43,250
- Surgeon?
- Go.
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00:13:43,251 --> 00:13:46,771
CAPCOM, we're go for powered descent.
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00:13:50,215 --> 00:13:53,020
Michael Collins remained
in the command module
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00:13:53,021 --> 00:13:57,760
and watched his comrades hover away
towards the surface of the moon.
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Soon the approach towards
the Sea of Tranquility
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00:14:00,476 --> 00:14:03,039
would become a balancing act.
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00:14:03,333 --> 00:14:08,373
From time to time, the radio contact
between Houston and the lunar module broke down.
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Completely overloaded,
the computer on board module
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00:14:11,318 --> 00:14:16,019
homed in on a location 4.5 kilometers
short of the planned landing area.
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00:14:16,020 --> 00:14:18,713
Commander Neil Armstrong kept his cool
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00:14:18,714 --> 00:14:21,877
and navigated a lunar module
using the hand controls,
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00:14:21,878 --> 00:14:26,118
preventing a crash landing
in a field covered with the scree.
205
00:14:26,119 --> 00:14:30,890
The flight controllers at Mission Control
in Houston held their breath.
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00:14:32,764 --> 00:14:34,608
Down 2 and a half.
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00:14:36,662 --> 00:14:39,243
Forward. Forward.
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00:14:40,522 --> 00:14:41,438
Good.
209
00:14:42,070 --> 00:14:43,876
40 feet, down 2 and a half.
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00:14:43,877 --> 00:14:45,700
Kicking up some dust.
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30 feet, 2 and a half down.
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00:14:48,029 --> 00:14:48,789
Faint shadow.
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00:14:48,790 --> 00:14:52,448
Michael Collins still orbiting the moon
reported via radio
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00:14:52,449 --> 00:14:56,112
the fuel levels still available
for the Eagle to land.
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00:14:56,113 --> 00:14:57,450
30 seconds.
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00:14:57,451 --> 00:14:59,900
With just 20 seconds of fuel in reserve,
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00:14:59,901 --> 00:15:05,160
the lunar module landed on the surface
of the moon on July 20th, 1969.
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00:15:05,161 --> 00:15:06,404
Contact light.
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00:15:08,645 --> 00:15:12,567
Okay. Engine stop. ACA out of detent.
220
00:15:12,568 --> 00:15:16,046
Mode control, both auto.
Descent engine command override off.
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00:15:16,047 --> 00:15:17,921
Engine arm off.
222
00:15:17,922 --> 00:15:20,728
413 is in.
223
00:15:22,476 --> 00:15:24,873
We copy you down, Eagle.
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00:15:24,874 --> 00:15:26,802
Houston...
225
00:15:28,304 --> 00:15:29,968
Tranquility Base here.
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00:15:29,969 --> 00:15:31,990
The Eagle has landed.
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00:15:31,991 --> 00:15:33,615
6 and a half hours later.
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00:15:33,616 --> 00:15:37,082
Neil Armstrong's words
went into the annals of history.
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00:15:37,083 --> 00:15:40,075
I'm now I'm going to step off the LM.
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That's one small step for man,
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00:15:45,354 --> 00:15:49,033
one giant leap for mankind.
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00:15:55,145 --> 00:15:59,249
The astronauts documented their two and
a half hour extravehicular activity
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00:15:59,250 --> 00:16:03,283
with photos and sixteen millimeter films.
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00:16:07,076 --> 00:16:11,464
Buzz Aldrin carried a scientific
platform across the moon's surface
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00:16:11,465 --> 00:16:15,451
that later activated the long term experiments.
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00:16:15,937 --> 00:16:20,054
One special feature was the stereo camera
with which was possible
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00:16:20,055 --> 00:16:23,505
to take 3D photos of the surface of the moon.
238
00:16:23,576 --> 00:16:28,386
The 3D camera made by Eastman Kodak
took stereoscopic flash pictures
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00:16:28,387 --> 00:16:31,457
and provided information about
the state of the moon's surface
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00:16:31,458 --> 00:16:35,144
and dust from two different perspectives.
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00:16:35,145 --> 00:16:39,114
The shots of the fine lunar sand
can only be made on the spot
242
00:16:39,115 --> 00:16:43,255
because it would become detached
from the lunar rock during the journey back to earth,
243
00:16:43,256 --> 00:16:48,547
or a formation made purely of sand
would lose its original shape.
244
00:16:49,385 --> 00:16:52,548
A memorial plaque attached to
the latter of the lunar module
245
00:16:52,549 --> 00:16:55,627
was dedicated before the return to earth.
246
00:16:55,628 --> 00:17:00,395
Here men from the planet earth
first set foot upon the moon.
247
00:17:00,396 --> 00:17:04,494
July 1969, A.D.
248
00:17:04,642 --> 00:17:07,468
We came in peace for all mankind.
249
00:17:12,396 --> 00:17:15,725
A heat shield protects
the landing capsule from overheating
250
00:17:15,726 --> 00:17:20,901
at temperatures exceeding
4,800 degrees Fahrenheit.
251
00:17:24,697 --> 00:17:28,890
The 3 parachutes open in time and 4 days
after leaving the moon,
252
00:17:28,891 --> 00:17:33,257
the Apollo 11 crew landed in a Pacific Ocean.
253
00:17:39,081 --> 00:17:43,199
The recovery of the astronauts took place
under strict quarantine procedures.
254
00:17:43,200 --> 00:17:47,286
The space travelers looked like
aliens from another world.
255
00:17:47,287 --> 00:17:49,860
They wore biological isolation suits
256
00:17:49,861 --> 00:17:50,967
since there were fears
257
00:17:50,968 --> 00:17:55,985
that the astronauts might have brought germs back
with them from the moon.
258
00:17:56,253 --> 00:17:58,223
Initially, they were transferred to
259
00:17:58,224 --> 00:18:02,311
the mobile quarantine facility on board
the recovery ship USS Hornet,
260
00:18:02,312 --> 00:18:05,585
where their 21 days in quarantine began.
261
00:18:05,586 --> 00:18:09,206
Not even their wives were allowed to access.
262
00:18:10,215 --> 00:18:14,390
The mobile quarantine facility was carried
in a military transport aircraft
263
00:18:14,391 --> 00:18:17,474
to the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston.
264
00:18:17,475 --> 00:18:21,806
The quarantine continued
in the lunar receiving laboratory.
265
00:18:21,807 --> 00:18:24,957
There, samples from Apollo 11 were examined
266
00:18:24,958 --> 00:18:30,132
including almost 22 kilograms
of rock and moon dust.
267
00:18:30,133 --> 00:18:34,363
For 2 weeks, the astronauts were subjected to
a series of medical tests
268
00:18:34,364 --> 00:18:38,764
and interviews about
their experiences on the moon.
269
00:18:40,033 --> 00:18:46,859
Parades honoring the astronauts were held in
New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles.
270
00:19:02,760 --> 00:19:07,502
Armstrong, Aldrin, and Collins won
the US's race against the Soviet Union
271
00:19:07,503 --> 00:19:10,429
to stage the first landing on the moon.
272
00:19:10,430 --> 00:19:14,170
They became indispensable
evidence of western supremacy.
273
00:19:14,171 --> 00:19:17,361
The tragedy was that
their indispensability meant
274
00:19:17,362 --> 00:19:20,045
that they would not
experience another spaceflight.
275
00:19:20,046 --> 00:19:24,679
No one was prepared to
risk the death of a space hero.
276
00:19:36,798 --> 00:19:40,553
The destination of Apollo 12
was the ocean of storms.
277
00:19:40,554 --> 00:19:45,446
And the start of the trip to the moon
was indeed a stormy one for the crew.
278
00:19:47,956 --> 00:19:50,820
November 14th, 1969.
279
00:19:50,821 --> 00:19:53,285
While the crew was on its way
to the launching pad,
280
00:19:53,286 --> 00:19:57,683
a violent thunderstorm
raised above Cape Kennedy.
281
00:19:57,684 --> 00:20:00,624
President Nixon and his entourage
didn't suspect
282
00:20:00,625 --> 00:20:05,072
that they were about to
witness a near catastrophe.
283
00:20:05,569 --> 00:20:11,194
In the firing room, over 400 engineers
were monitoring the start of Saturn V.
284
00:20:11,195 --> 00:20:15,663
The firing room is part of
the Kennedy Space Center Complex in Florida.
285
00:20:15,664 --> 00:20:17,819
Once the rocket leaves the launching pad,
286
00:20:17,820 --> 00:20:24,005
the flight controllers over 1,400 kilometers away
in the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston Texas
287
00:20:24,006 --> 00:20:27,846
assume responsibility for
the continuation of the flight.
288
00:20:27,847 --> 00:20:29,978
There in the Mission Control Center,
289
00:20:29,979 --> 00:20:34,023
they monitored the entire mission
around the clock until splashdown.
290
00:20:34,024 --> 00:20:37,695
Their radio call sign is Houston.
291
00:20:37,976 --> 00:20:40,552
Flight controller, John Aaron at Mission Control
292
00:20:40,553 --> 00:20:44,454
was responsible for the electrical
systems onboard Apollo 12.
293
00:20:44,455 --> 00:20:48,700
During the starting phase,
lightning struck the Saturn V twice.
294
00:20:48,701 --> 00:20:53,980
Only Aaron was able to interpret
the confusing signals on the display correctly.
295
00:20:53,981 --> 00:20:57,268
Neither flight director,
Jerry Griffin admission control
296
00:20:57,269 --> 00:20:59,564
nor the crew of Apollo 12,
297
00:20:59,565 --> 00:21:01,645
nor the technicians in the firing room
298
00:21:01,646 --> 00:21:03,420
knew the life-saving solution
299
00:21:03,421 --> 00:21:06,358
when all the electronics in the spacecraft failed
300
00:21:06,359 --> 00:21:09,982
and a mission threatened to abort.
301
00:21:09,983 --> 00:21:14,178
10, 9, 8. Ignition sequence start.
302
00:21:14,179 --> 00:21:20,240
6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.
303
00:21:20,241 --> 00:21:24,190
All engines running. Commit.
Liftoff! We have a liftoff.
304
00:21:24,191 --> 00:21:28,132
11:22 a.m. Eastern Standard Time.
305
00:21:33,025 --> 00:21:34,127
Roger. Clear the tower.
306
00:21:34,128 --> 00:21:37,638
I got a pitch and a roll program,
and this baby's really going.
307
00:21:37,639 --> 00:21:38,548
Roger, Pete.
308
00:21:40,842 --> 00:21:43,691
It's a lovely lift-off. It's not bad at all.
309
00:21:44,110 --> 00:21:45,258
Roll's complete.
310
00:21:45,259 --> 00:21:46,225
Roger, Pete.
311
00:21:46,226 --> 00:21:50,984
The first lightning strike occurred
36 seconds after launch.
312
00:21:51,186 --> 00:21:52,332
What the hell was that?
313
00:21:52,333 --> 00:21:54,342
Then the second strike.
314
00:21:55,788 --> 00:21:58,206
The firing room was in an uproar.
315
00:21:58,207 --> 00:22:02,021
The telemetry data from the Saturn V went mad.
316
00:22:02,482 --> 00:22:06,095
And back at Mission Control,
no one knew what had happened.
317
00:22:06,096 --> 00:22:10,517
The displays on the monitors were indiscernible.
318
00:22:12,313 --> 00:22:15,247
Commander Conrad reported a power failure.
319
00:22:15,248 --> 00:22:17,385
Okay, we just lost the platform, gang.
320
00:22:17,386 --> 00:22:18,458
I don’t know what happened here.
321
00:22:18,459 --> 00:22:20,802
We had everything in the world drop out.
322
00:22:20,803 --> 00:22:22,080
Roger.
323
00:22:25,230 --> 00:22:28,229
I got three fuel cell lights, an AC bus light,
324
00:22:28,230 --> 00:22:31,186
a fuel cell disconnet, AC bus overload 1 and 2,
325
00:22:31,187 --> 00:22:33,424
Main bus A and B out.
326
00:22:33,425 --> 00:22:37,439
John Aaron remembered a simulation
which had taken place one year previously.
327
00:22:37,440 --> 00:22:40,575
An obscure switch command SCE to AUX.
328
00:22:40,576 --> 00:22:44,600
Apollo 12, Houston, try SCE to Auxiliary, over.
329
00:22:44,760 --> 00:22:47,974
FCE to Auxiliary. What the hell's that?
330
00:22:47,975 --> 00:22:50,990
SCE, SCE to Auxiliary.
331
00:22:50,991 --> 00:22:53,549
Astronaut Alan Bean flicked the switch,
332
00:22:53,550 --> 00:22:57,255
which then resulted in
the instrument displays onboard Apollo 12
333
00:22:57,256 --> 00:22:59,857
once more being connected
to the power system.
334
00:22:59,858 --> 00:23:01,559
Comm reports the reading is back.
335
00:23:01,560 --> 00:23:03,267
Okay. I have a good GDC,
336
00:23:03,268 --> 00:23:05,560
and Al has got the fuel cells back on,
337
00:23:05,561 --> 00:23:08,378
and we'll be working on our AC buses.
338
00:23:08,662 --> 00:23:11,538
Right, Pete.
Your fuel cells look good down here.
339
00:23:11,743 --> 00:23:13,117
Now we'll straighten out our problems here.
340
00:23:13,118 --> 00:23:14,844
I don't know what happened...
341
00:23:14,845 --> 00:23:17,097
I'm not sure we didn't get hit by lightning.
342
00:23:17,225 --> 00:23:19,187
Apollo 12 reached the orbit.
343
00:23:19,188 --> 00:23:22,147
Think we need to do
a little more all-weather testing.
344
00:23:22,330 --> 00:23:23,638
Amen.
345
00:23:24,213 --> 00:23:26,144
We have reset all the fuel cells.
346
00:23:26,145 --> 00:23:28,023
We have all the buses back on the line,
347
00:23:28,024 --> 00:23:31,350
and we'll just square up the platform
when we get into orbit.
348
00:23:31,902 --> 00:23:34,471
Roger, Pete. That sounds good.
349
00:23:35,287 --> 00:23:38,296
Hey, that's one of the better sims, believe me.
350
00:23:38,799 --> 00:23:42,025
We've had a couple of
cardiac arrests down here too, Pete.
351
00:23:47,512 --> 00:23:50,115
Well, I tell you. I think I forgot it
during that boost phase.
352
00:23:50,116 --> 00:23:53,099
We ought to talk to you
about all that good happening.
353
00:23:55,195 --> 00:24:00,366
That's a terrible way to break
Al Bean into space flight, I'll tell you.
354
00:24:01,560 --> 00:24:06,158
The highlight of Apollo 12 was a precise
landing in the ocean of storms.
355
00:24:06,159 --> 00:24:10,890
Just 163 meters away
from a lunar probe Surveyor 3,
356
00:24:10,891 --> 00:24:13,435
which had landed on the moon in 1967.
357
00:24:13,436 --> 00:24:17,514
2 years before the landing of Apollo 12.
358
00:24:17,515 --> 00:24:21,453
Commander Charles Pete Conrad
dismantled parts of Surveyor 3.
359
00:24:21,454 --> 00:24:25,528
Later, they would be examined on earth
for remains of terrestrial bacteria,
360
00:24:25,529 --> 00:24:28,793
which might have survived
the harsh conditions on the moon.
361
00:24:28,794 --> 00:24:33,326
The results remain the subject
of controversy to this day.
362
00:24:34,032 --> 00:24:37,291
Okay, Houston.
I'm going to move the TV camera now.
363
00:24:37,526 --> 00:24:39,664
The pilot of the lunar module, Alan Bean
364
00:24:39,665 --> 00:24:42,378
carried a television camera to a new location.
365
00:24:42,379 --> 00:24:47,261
For a brief moment, the camera tube
was exposed to direct sunlight.
366
00:24:47,262 --> 00:24:50,393
The camera was destroyed immediately.
367
00:24:50,394 --> 00:24:53,665
So from the very start of
the extravehicular activity,
368
00:24:53,666 --> 00:24:57,207
television broadcasts were no longer possible.
369
00:24:58,916 --> 00:25:01,807
The US television stations may do with actors
370
00:25:01,808 --> 00:25:05,397
who imitated the actions of
the astronauts like marionettes.
371
00:25:05,398 --> 00:25:09,754
The sound transmissions
were used as stage directions.
372
00:25:09,755 --> 00:25:13,735
Look at the rock.
Let's take some of that bedrock.
373
00:25:13,914 --> 00:25:16,053
Despite the TV camera's failure,
374
00:25:16,054 --> 00:25:20,484
the astronauts succeeded in taking
fascinating shots of the moon's surface.
375
00:25:20,485 --> 00:25:22,347
Designed by Hasselblad,
376
00:25:22,348 --> 00:25:26,465
the camera documented
a 360 degree pan around the spot
377
00:25:26,466 --> 00:25:30,670
where the lunar module Intrepid had landed.
378
00:27:28,636 --> 00:27:30,682
During their return flight to earth,
379
00:27:30,683 --> 00:27:32,888
the crew witnessed a solar eclipse.
380
00:27:32,889 --> 00:27:36,888
The difference was that unlike
an eclipse of the sun on earth,
381
00:27:36,889 --> 00:27:39,211
it was not the moon that obscured the sun,
382
00:27:39,212 --> 00:27:43,876
but rather the earth that passed
in front of our home star.
383
00:27:45,282 --> 00:27:49,795
Apollo 13 is regarded as NASA's
most successful failure.
384
00:27:49,796 --> 00:27:55,006
Jim Lovell, John Swigert, and Fred Haise
had to fight for their lives.
385
00:27:55,298 --> 00:27:57,697
Okay, Houston, we've had a problem here.
386
00:28:00,232 --> 00:28:01,979
John, say again, please.
387
00:28:05,498 --> 00:28:07,264
Ah, Houston, we've had a problem.
388
00:28:08,808 --> 00:28:10,933
Main B bus undervolt.
389
00:28:11,832 --> 00:28:13,258
Roger. Main B bus undervolt.
390
00:28:14,773 --> 00:28:16,946
Stand by, 13. We're looking at it.
391
00:28:17,647 --> 00:28:22,675
We had a pretty large bang associated with
the CAUTION AND WARNING there.
392
00:28:23,119 --> 00:28:28,229
After almost 56 hours of flight and
300,000 kilometers away from the earth,
393
00:28:28,230 --> 00:28:30,966
oxygen tank number 2 exploded.
394
00:28:30,967 --> 00:28:34,427
The reason was a short
circuit in the thermostat.
395
00:28:34,428 --> 00:28:38,049
The adjacent oxygen tank number 1
was also affected.
396
00:28:38,050 --> 00:28:43,937
Its contents emptied entirely into
space within 130 minutes.
397
00:28:44,543 --> 00:28:46,113
The flight controllers calculated
398
00:28:46,114 --> 00:28:49,650
that the 3 fuel cells that were fed with
oxygen from the two tanks
399
00:28:49,651 --> 00:28:52,808
would only continue to
work for a few more hours.
400
00:28:52,809 --> 00:28:57,049
The water and power supply to
the spacecraft threatened to break down.
401
00:28:57,050 --> 00:29:00,656
The Apollo 13 mission had to be aborted.
402
00:29:00,657 --> 00:29:04,110
The lunar module Aquarius
now became a lifeboat.
403
00:29:04,111 --> 00:29:08,199
The problem was that the Aquarius
was only designed for two people.
404
00:29:08,200 --> 00:29:12,054
The carbon dioxide level in the air
rose to a dangerous level.
405
00:29:12,055 --> 00:29:15,228
The astronauts risked suffocation.
406
00:29:15,229 --> 00:29:17,148
NASA had to improvise.
407
00:29:17,149 --> 00:29:20,461
Using items on board like bags, sticky tapes,
408
00:29:20,462 --> 00:29:22,844
flight plans and the commander's sock,
409
00:29:22,845 --> 00:29:27,193
they made an adapter
for the air purification system.
410
00:29:27,194 --> 00:29:30,877
It wasn't possible for the spacecraft
to return directly to earth.
411
00:29:30,878 --> 00:29:35,444
The return journey began with
a Swing-By maneuver around the moon.
412
00:29:35,445 --> 00:29:41,725
The temperature in the lunar module sank
to 32 degrees Fahrenheit in order to save power.
413
00:29:41,726 --> 00:29:46,174
On April 17th, 1970, 6 days after the launch,
414
00:29:46,175 --> 00:29:50,080
Apollo 13 swung into orbit around the earth.
415
00:29:50,081 --> 00:29:52,203
The lunar module was separated.
416
00:29:52,204 --> 00:29:55,699
It would burn up over the South Pacific Ocean.
417
00:29:55,700 --> 00:29:58,882
On board was a radionuclide battery.
418
00:29:58,883 --> 00:30:04,119
This nuclear battery was in a protective casing
that would survive re-entry intact.
419
00:30:04,120 --> 00:30:07,937
And that had been specially
constructed for just such a situation.
420
00:30:07,938 --> 00:30:10,391
To this day, the radionuclide battery
421
00:30:10,392 --> 00:30:19,466
containing 3.9 kilograms of plutonium-238 lies
at a depth of 6,000 meters on the seabed.
422
00:30:20,025 --> 00:30:25,453
The radio silence caused by ionization
lasted longer than expected.
423
00:30:25,454 --> 00:30:29,320
The cause was that the angle of re-entry
was flatter than had been calculated
424
00:30:29,321 --> 00:30:34,374
because the scientists forgot to allow for the fact
that there was no moonrock on board.
425
00:30:34,375 --> 00:30:36,502
This would have increased
the weight of the capsule,
426
00:30:36,503 --> 00:30:40,326
thereby making the trajectory steeper.
427
00:30:40,520 --> 00:30:44,337
Had the astronauts on board
burned to death during re-entry?
428
00:30:44,338 --> 00:30:46,932
The agonizing radio silence continued.
429
00:30:46,933 --> 00:30:49,570
Odyssey, Houston is standing by. Over.
430
00:31:01,603 --> 00:31:05,349
Apollo 13 should be not a blackout at this time.
431
00:31:05,350 --> 00:31:09,797
We're standing by for
any reports of ARIA acquisition.
432
00:31:11,647 --> 00:31:13,516
Okay, Joe.
433
00:31:13,789 --> 00:31:15,269
Okay. We read you, Jack.
434
00:31:15,457 --> 00:31:17,792
After over 4 minutes of radio blackout,
435
00:31:17,793 --> 00:31:20,246
there were sighs of relief all around.
436
00:31:20,247 --> 00:31:24,353
The lives of the three men
on board had been saved.
437
00:31:25,588 --> 00:31:30,217
Apollo 13 showed how the men
at Mission Control and the astronauts on board
438
00:31:30,218 --> 00:31:33,677
were able to master
an apparently impossible task.
439
00:31:33,678 --> 00:31:36,625
New space heroes were born.
440
00:31:46,477 --> 00:31:51,075
The landing area of Apollo 14
was the Fra Mauro highlands,
441
00:31:51,076 --> 00:31:54,368
which had originally been the goal of Apollo 13.
442
00:31:54,369 --> 00:32:00,246
The lunar module Antares was to
be extracted from the third stage of the rockets.
443
00:32:00,247 --> 00:32:03,540
The attempts to link up
the command module and the lunar module
444
00:32:03,541 --> 00:32:07,268
dragged on for over 2 hours without success.
445
00:32:09,153 --> 00:32:13,362
3 times in succession,
the docking maneuver failed.
446
00:32:13,744 --> 00:32:16,425
Moreover, a peeling layer of paint designed
447
00:32:16,426 --> 00:32:19,312
to reduce heating up of
the command module by the sun
448
00:32:19,313 --> 00:32:21,333
impaired their sight.
449
00:32:21,334 --> 00:32:26,542
The reason for the failed attempts at docking
lay in the clasps of the docking mechanism.
450
00:32:26,543 --> 00:32:29,400
After the command module
has docked with the lunar module,
451
00:32:29,401 --> 00:32:32,656
the clasps are supposed to
ensure a stable connection
452
00:32:32,657 --> 00:32:37,089
with the self locking clasps
refused to snap shut.
453
00:32:37,090 --> 00:32:40,718
The linkup only succeeded
after 6 docking attempts.
454
00:32:40,719 --> 00:32:42,546
The solution was brute force.
455
00:32:42,547 --> 00:32:45,024
The reaction control thrusters
of the command module
456
00:32:45,025 --> 00:32:50,125
provided an extra thrust
during the docking with the lunar module.
457
00:32:51,151 --> 00:32:55,131
The lunar module Antares separated from
the mothership in lunar orbit
458
00:32:55,132 --> 00:32:56,966
and the landing could start.
459
00:32:56,967 --> 00:32:59,613
But soon an unexpected problem occurred.
460
00:32:59,614 --> 00:33:03,523
The computer in the lunar module
received a signal to abort.
461
00:33:03,524 --> 00:33:07,635
If the command abort is received
during the descent to the moon's surface,
462
00:33:07,636 --> 00:33:13,435
the module automatically begins
an emergency ascent back up into orbit.
463
00:33:13,650 --> 00:33:18,724
It was the onerous task of a computer programmer,
Don Eyles to solve the problem.
464
00:33:18,725 --> 00:33:21,180
A speck of dust had got caught up
in the switch
465
00:33:21,181 --> 00:33:23,481
and had prompted the command abort.
466
00:33:23,482 --> 00:33:25,752
Eyles had to reprogram the lunar module
467
00:33:25,753 --> 00:33:28,581
so that it would ignore the faulty signal.
468
00:33:28,582 --> 00:33:32,915
The software was tested successfully
in a simulator in Cape Kennedy.
469
00:33:32,916 --> 00:33:35,115
And then another problem occurred.
470
00:33:35,116 --> 00:33:37,950
The landing radar was not transmitting any data.
471
00:33:37,951 --> 00:33:41,321
Just 5,500 meters above the landing area,
472
00:33:41,322 --> 00:33:46,587
the astronauts succeeded in getting
the equipment to function again.
473
00:33:47,445 --> 00:33:49,782
During their extravehicular activities,
474
00:33:49,783 --> 00:33:52,829
the astronauts used an unpowered handcart.
475
00:33:52,830 --> 00:33:56,459
The Modular Equipment Transporter,
or MET for short.
476
00:33:56,460 --> 00:34:00,849
At this point in time, the lunar rover
hadn't yet been constructed.
477
00:34:00,850 --> 00:34:05,034
The radionuclide batteries supplied
the Central Station with power.
478
00:34:05,035 --> 00:34:08,710
The Central Station was
the heart of the installation.
479
00:34:08,711 --> 00:34:15,204
It distributed power to the measuring equipment
and transmitted data back to earth.
480
00:34:16,354 --> 00:34:19,584
Apollo 14 was packed full of experiments.
481
00:34:19,585 --> 00:34:22,178
The Apollo lunar surface experiments package
482
00:34:22,179 --> 00:34:26,587
was an instrument cluster used to
conduct long-term lunar experiments.
483
00:34:26,588 --> 00:34:30,780
The lifespan of the instruments
was generally about 1 to 2 years.
484
00:34:30,781 --> 00:34:33,987
They primarily measured seismic activities,
485
00:34:33,988 --> 00:34:36,024
the composition of the solar wind,
486
00:34:36,025 --> 00:34:40,335
the gravitation and the moon's magnetic field.
487
00:34:43,181 --> 00:34:44,540
At Mission Control,
488
00:34:44,541 --> 00:34:49,649
the data were analyzed by
scientists from different fields.
489
00:34:50,792 --> 00:34:52,457
On their second day on the moon,
490
00:34:52,458 --> 00:34:56,306
commander Alan Shepard and
the pilot of the lunar module, Edgar Mitchell
491
00:34:56,307 --> 00:35:00,593
planned to reach the upper edge
of the Cone moon crater.
492
00:35:00,594 --> 00:35:02,498
Orientation is difficult.
493
00:35:02,499 --> 00:35:08,821
In almost 4 and a half hours,
the astronauts only travel about 3 kilometers.
494
00:35:08,822 --> 00:35:11,876
They deviate from their route
and lose variable time.
495
00:35:11,877 --> 00:35:15,390
Their oxygen consumption
is higher than planned.
496
00:35:15,391 --> 00:35:17,473
The astronauts are sweating profusely
497
00:35:17,474 --> 00:35:21,410
because they have to drag the heavy MET
through the deep moon dust.
498
00:35:21,411 --> 00:35:24,496
They are running out of time.
499
00:35:27,757 --> 00:35:30,360
The oxygen supply from the life support system
500
00:35:30,361 --> 00:35:33,571
the astronauts are carrying on their backs
is running out.
501
00:35:33,572 --> 00:35:39,225
Frustrated, the moon scientists
have to abandon their mission of exploration.
502
00:35:39,365 --> 00:35:43,652
On the high-resolution picture of
the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter from 2009,
503
00:35:43,653 --> 00:35:50,345
we can see that the astronauts had missed
the edge of the Cone crater by just 30 meters.
504
00:35:50,820 --> 00:35:52,971
Apollo 12 astronauts, Alan Bean,
505
00:35:52,972 --> 00:35:56,672
who became a successful painter
after his active time at NASA
506
00:35:56,673 --> 00:36:01,076
recorded in a painting something
that has gone down in the annals of sport.
507
00:36:01,077 --> 00:36:03,848
The first game of golf on the moon.
508
00:36:03,849 --> 00:36:10,400
For this, commander Alan Shepard smuggled
an iron head of a golf club and two golf balls on board.
509
00:36:10,401 --> 00:36:14,443
He used a sample extraction tool as a shaft.
510
00:36:15,175 --> 00:36:18,314
Straight as a die! One more!
511
00:36:28,813 --> 00:36:31,431
Miles and miles and miles.
512
00:36:41,574 --> 00:36:45,601
Apollo 15 was a mission
with a main focus on geology.
513
00:36:45,602 --> 00:36:51,054
For commander Scott, it was the third space flight
after Gemini 8 and Apollo 9.
514
00:36:51,055 --> 00:36:55,571
The landing area was the Hadley Rille
in the Apennine mountains of the moon.
515
00:36:55,572 --> 00:36:57,676
One of the highest Lunar Rangers.
516
00:36:57,677 --> 00:36:59,675
On July 30th, 1971,
517
00:36:59,676 --> 00:37:05,451
the lunar module Falcon headed towards
the curve of the Hadley Rille, the so-called Elbow.
518
00:37:05,452 --> 00:37:07,331
In spite of the mountainous terrain,
519
00:37:07,332 --> 00:37:12,867
the lunar module lands
safely on the moon's surface.
520
00:37:24,050 --> 00:37:29,076
The astronauts gazed down into
the 370 meter deep Hadley Gorge.
521
00:37:29,077 --> 00:37:35,640
Extinct lever froze and collapsed lever veins
formed a fantastic landscape.
522
00:37:40,606 --> 00:37:44,329
The panorama photo shows
the overwhelming Hadley Massif,
523
00:37:44,330 --> 00:37:50,476
which is 4.6 kilometers high
and 25 kilometers wide.
524
00:38:42,676 --> 00:38:46,376
The astronauts were able to use
the lunar rover for the first time.
525
00:38:46,377 --> 00:38:48,537
In spite of the defective front steering,
526
00:38:48,538 --> 00:38:51,771
the vehicle which could
travel at up to 12km/h
527
00:38:51,772 --> 00:38:57,562
proved ideal for lunar exploration
across greater distances.
528
00:39:14,917 --> 00:39:17,929
Thanks to the lunar vehicle
and improved spacesuits,
529
00:39:17,930 --> 00:39:22,934
the astronauts were able to spend a total of
over 18 hours outside the lunar module
530
00:39:22,935 --> 00:39:28,025
and collect some 77 kilograms of lunar rock.
531
00:39:31,659 --> 00:39:36,663
Among the astronauts' tasks was also
the franking of stamps in the vacuum of the moon.
532
00:39:36,664 --> 00:39:40,513
This marked the start of
the stamp affair of Apollo 15.
533
00:39:40,514 --> 00:39:42,779
In addition to the approved envelopes,
534
00:39:42,780 --> 00:39:47,333
the astronauts also took envelopes that
had not been approved with them on board,
535
00:39:47,334 --> 00:39:51,870
which they then sold to a German collector
for a considerable sum of money.
536
00:39:51,871 --> 00:39:54,548
When NASA learned later what had happened,
537
00:39:54,549 --> 00:39:58,425
a formal investigation against
the Apollo 15 crew was initiated.
538
00:39:58,426 --> 00:40:00,772
NASA reprimanded the astronauts.
539
00:40:00,773 --> 00:40:05,690
And this marked the end of
the active space careers of Scott, Worden, and Irwin.
540
00:40:05,691 --> 00:40:07,675
First day of issue.
541
00:40:08,418 --> 00:40:14,116
What could be a better place to cancel
this stamp than right here at Hadley Rille?
542
00:40:14,503 --> 00:40:19,243
After franking the stamps, commander Scott
aimed to prove before a live camera
543
00:40:19,244 --> 00:40:22,985
that the law of falling bodies
also applied on the moon.
544
00:40:22,986 --> 00:40:26,854
He proposed dropping a hammer
and a feather at the same time.
545
00:40:26,855 --> 00:40:28,653
Despite their different weights,
546
00:40:28,654 --> 00:40:31,412
both objects should hit
the ground at the same time
547
00:40:31,413 --> 00:40:35,784
because there was no air resistance
in the vacuum prevailing on the moon.
548
00:40:35,785 --> 00:40:41,975
Would Galileo Galilei's law of falling bodies
be equally valid on the moon?
549
00:40:42,016 --> 00:40:45,252
Well, in my left hand, I have a feather.
550
00:40:45,253 --> 00:40:47,254
In my right hand a hammer.
551
00:40:47,255 --> 00:40:49,945
I guess one of the reasons we got here today
552
00:40:49,946 --> 00:40:53,095
was because of the gentleman
named Galileo a long time ago
553
00:40:53,096 --> 00:40:58,136
who made a rather significant discovery
about falling objects in gravity fields.
554
00:40:58,137 --> 00:41:05,814
and we thought 'Where would be a better place
to confirm his findings than on the moon?'
555
00:41:05,815 --> 00:41:08,735
And so, we thought we'd try it here for you.
556
00:41:08,736 --> 00:41:14,385
The feather happens to be, appropriately,
a falcon feather for our Falcon.
557
00:41:14,386 --> 00:41:17,192
And I'll drop the two of them
here and, hopefully,
558
00:41:17,193 --> 00:41:20,032
they'll hit the ground at the same time.
559
00:41:20,859 --> 00:41:22,681
How about that?
560
00:41:22,871 --> 00:41:24,344
How about that?
561
00:41:24,345 --> 00:41:28,217
This proves that Mr. Galileo
was correct in his findings.
562
00:41:30,410 --> 00:41:35,581
In honor of the astronauts and cosmonauts
who had died during the exploration of space,
563
00:41:35,582 --> 00:41:40,350
Scott placed his statuette,
the fallen astronaut on the moon's surface.
564
00:41:40,351 --> 00:41:46,490
The names of the members of the Apollo 1 crew
were also listed on the aluminum plaque.
565
00:41:54,069 --> 00:41:57,207
On a cold January day in 1967,
566
00:41:57,208 --> 00:42:02,847
Gus Grissom, Ed White, and Roger Chaffee
had been on their way to a routine exercise.
567
00:42:02,848 --> 00:42:05,610
It was known as the plugs-out test
568
00:42:05,611 --> 00:42:07,729
and involved the cutting off of all connections
569
00:42:07,730 --> 00:42:12,294
between the rocket and the spacecraft
and the service center.
570
00:42:12,295 --> 00:42:14,459
The test was considered quite safe.
571
00:42:14,460 --> 00:42:19,420
Neither a fire brigade nor the tower team
for the capsule was in attendance.
572
00:42:19,421 --> 00:42:21,038
As he climbed into the capsule,
573
00:42:21,039 --> 00:42:24,172
Grissom noticed an
unpleasant smell of sour milk.
574
00:42:24,173 --> 00:42:27,329
The radio contact kept cutting out.
575
00:42:29,066 --> 00:42:30,799
Then a fire broke out.
576
00:42:30,800 --> 00:42:33,811
Fed by the pure oxygen
in the command capsule,
577
00:42:33,812 --> 00:42:35,557
the exit hatch could not be opened
578
00:42:35,558 --> 00:42:38,405
because the pressure inside was too high.
579
00:42:38,406 --> 00:42:43,165
30 seconds after the fire broke out,
the astronauts had suffocated.
580
00:42:43,166 --> 00:42:47,471
Their bodies became fused with
the nylon suits and seats.
581
00:42:47,472 --> 00:42:50,537
The accident was a grave setback
for the Apollo program,
582
00:42:50,538 --> 00:42:52,736
which was still in its infancy.
583
00:42:52,737 --> 00:42:57,624
Numerous changes were made to
the Apollo modules and at the spacesuits.
584
00:42:57,625 --> 00:42:59,812
The exit hatch could be
opened in an emergency
585
00:42:59,813 --> 00:43:02,693
even when the pressure inside
was much higher.
586
00:43:02,694 --> 00:43:06,016
The cables and insulation materials
were made fireproof.
587
00:43:06,017 --> 00:43:11,991
The atmosphere on board was replaced by
an oxygen-nitrogen mixture in the starting phase.
588
00:43:11,992 --> 00:43:14,865
It was not until over one and a half years later
589
00:43:14,866 --> 00:43:17,929
that the first manned Apollo space flight
could take place.
590
00:43:17,930 --> 00:43:19,824
Apollo 7
591
00:43:21,340 --> 00:43:22,715
Before returning to earth,
592
00:43:22,716 --> 00:43:28,129
Apollo 15 released a subsatellite to
measure the gravity and magnetic fields.
593
00:43:28,130 --> 00:43:33,361
The subsatellite discovered a magnetism anomaly
around the Reiner Gamma Region.
594
00:43:33,362 --> 00:43:37,192
The magnetic field is strong enough
to deflect the solar wind.
595
00:43:37,193 --> 00:43:40,261
There was a moment of
anxiety during splashdown.
596
00:43:40,262 --> 00:43:43,120
One of the braking parachutes failed to open.
597
00:43:43,121 --> 00:43:47,918
Two parachutes were just adequate
to ensure a safe landing.
598
00:44:01,199 --> 00:44:05,047
The goals of Apollo 16 with a lunar highlands
and the rocky material
599
00:44:05,048 --> 00:44:09,507
thought to be there from the earliest days
of the moon's existence.
600
00:44:09,508 --> 00:44:13,589
While the lunar module Orion was located
on the backside of the moon,
601
00:44:13,590 --> 00:44:17,815
the main propulsion unit of
the Apollo spacecraft was to be ignited.
602
00:44:17,816 --> 00:44:22,176
But the reserve system gave rise to
uncontrollable vibrations.
603
00:44:22,177 --> 00:44:24,243
According to the rules of the mission,
604
00:44:24,244 --> 00:44:27,253
the pilot of the command module,
Thomas Mattingly
605
00:44:27,254 --> 00:44:29,395
did not carry out the ignition.
606
00:44:29,396 --> 00:44:34,553
The spacecraft was thus unable to
swing into an orbit around the moon.
607
00:44:34,554 --> 00:44:38,927
Together, the flight controllers of
the Manned Spacecraft Center in Texas,
608
00:44:38,928 --> 00:44:42,515
the mathematicians at
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
609
00:44:42,516 --> 00:44:46,794
and the engineers at North American Rockwell
in South California
610
00:44:46,795 --> 00:44:49,256
were able to isolate the problem.
611
00:44:49,257 --> 00:44:52,855
This was followed by
simulations that soon paid off.
612
00:44:52,856 --> 00:44:55,974
As soon as the main propulsion unit
was switched on,
613
00:44:55,975 --> 00:45:00,296
the vibrations of the reserve propulsion unit
were no longer dangerous.
614
00:45:00,297 --> 00:45:04,431
Commander John Young and
lunar module pilot Charles Duke
615
00:45:04,432 --> 00:45:09,101
landed in the Descartes Highlands,
just six hours behind schedule.
616
00:45:09,102 --> 00:45:11,256
That's a pretty
outstanding picture here, I tell you.
617
00:45:11,257 --> 00:45:12,865
Come on, a little bit closer.
618
00:45:12,866 --> 00:45:15,068
Okay, here we go. Big one.
619
00:45:15,745 --> 00:45:18,088
Off the ground. Once more.
620
00:45:19,354 --> 00:45:21,878
- There we go.
- Good.
621
00:45:32,015 --> 00:45:33,777
I'd like to see an Air Force salute.
622
00:45:33,778 --> 00:45:35,910
Charlie, but I don't think
they salute in the Air Force.
623
00:45:35,911 --> 00:45:37,300
Yes, sir. We do.
624
00:45:37,301 --> 00:45:40,670
And fly high and straight and land soft.
625
00:45:40,751 --> 00:45:43,058
- Okay, Charlie, say when.
- Here we go.
626
00:45:43,631 --> 00:45:44,464
Do it again.
627
00:45:44,465 --> 00:45:45,368
One for you.
628
00:45:45,369 --> 00:45:47,030
Okay, wait a minute, one more.
629
00:45:47,031 --> 00:45:49,459
- This looks like a good time for
some good news here the House passed
- Okay.
630
00:45:49,460 --> 00:45:50,656
- This looks like a good time for
some good news here the House passed
- Got it?
631
00:45:50,657 --> 00:45:53,608
the space budget yesterday, 277 to 60,
632
00:45:53,609 --> 00:45:55,843
which includes the vote for the Shuttle.
633
00:45:58,257 --> 00:45:59,187
Beautiful.
634
00:45:59,188 --> 00:46:00,722
Wonderful.
635
00:46:00,723 --> 00:46:03,517
Tony, again I'll say it, with that salute,
636
00:46:03,518 --> 00:46:05,543
I'm proud to be an American, I'll tell you.
637
00:46:05,544 --> 00:46:06,911
What a program
638
00:46:06,912 --> 00:46:08,991
and what a place and what an experience.
639
00:46:08,992 --> 00:46:10,569
And I'll say it too.
640
00:46:10,570 --> 00:46:11,128
So am I.
641
00:46:11,129 --> 00:46:13,830
The country needs that Shuttle mighty bad.
642
00:46:14,545 --> 00:46:18,743
NASA used a spectrograph
for the distant ultraviolet light.
643
00:46:18,744 --> 00:46:20,723
The camera had to be kept cool
644
00:46:20,724 --> 00:46:25,339
and was therefore positioned
in the shadow of the lunar module.
645
00:46:25,340 --> 00:46:28,956
The astronauts aimed at
the astronomical targets by hand.
646
00:46:28,957 --> 00:46:29,978
Okay.
647
00:46:32,493 --> 00:46:35,395
Thus the camera showed
the earth's geocorona,
648
00:46:35,396 --> 00:46:36,921
which is made of hydrogen
649
00:46:36,922 --> 00:46:41,558
and which extends across up to
fifteen and a half times the earth's radius.
650
00:46:41,559 --> 00:46:44,524
Multiple lighting makes the earth's polar lights.
651
00:46:44,525 --> 00:46:48,954
It's the sun that atmosphere and
the stars in the background clearly visible.
652
00:46:48,955 --> 00:46:51,978
The moon traveler's undertaken
a number of excursions.
653
00:46:51,979 --> 00:46:56,394
They travel a total of over
26 kilometers with the lunar rover.
654
00:46:56,395 --> 00:47:01,710
The intensive geological training on the earth
pays off on the moon.
655
00:47:02,730 --> 00:47:08,176
Over 96 kilograms of rock and soil samples
are carried back to earth.
656
00:47:08,177 --> 00:47:09,577
Where are you going to wreck it, John?
657
00:47:09,578 --> 00:47:12,844
Charlie, your sample collection bag is open.
Rock might come out.
658
00:47:15,453 --> 00:47:16,979
Okay.
659
00:47:24,652 --> 00:47:26,827
Really friable, right?
660
00:47:27,525 --> 00:47:29,670
Man, you found a real rock.
661
00:47:31,747 --> 00:47:34,635
Look at that piece! Let me get it, John.
662
00:47:34,825 --> 00:47:38,726
It is a very friable rock,
and it's the most shocked rock I've ever seen.
663
00:47:38,727 --> 00:47:40,253
It's just pure white.
664
00:47:45,934 --> 00:47:47,528
Good show!
665
00:47:54,533 --> 00:47:55,992
Okay.
666
00:47:56,968 --> 00:47:59,274
We see that one went all the way in.
667
00:48:01,433 --> 00:48:03,171
Not quite.
668
00:48:14,055 --> 00:48:16,359
The heat flow experiment is designed
669
00:48:16,360 --> 00:48:19,899
to measure tectonic and
volcanic activity on the moon.
670
00:48:19,900 --> 00:48:22,297
An unfortunate error by commander Young
671
00:48:22,298 --> 00:48:27,206
makes this the biggest disappointment
on the Apollo 16 mission.
672
00:48:27,639 --> 00:48:31,505
The probe is out of the ground up to B-8.
673
00:48:31,506 --> 00:48:34,557
Right on the line between B-7 and B-8.
674
00:48:34,558 --> 00:48:36,416
Okay. Baker 7 and 8.
675
00:48:36,875 --> 00:48:38,002
We copy, Flight.
676
00:48:38,003 --> 00:48:38,919
Roger.
677
00:48:41,894 --> 00:48:43,569
- Charlie
- What?
678
00:48:43,570 --> 00:48:44,678
Something happened here.
679
00:48:44,679 --> 00:48:45,622
What happened?
680
00:48:45,623 --> 00:48:46,801
I don't know.
681
00:48:47,475 --> 00:48:50,011
Here's a line that pulled loose.
682
00:48:54,601 --> 00:48:55,560
Uh-oh.
683
00:48:55,894 --> 00:48:57,459
What is that?
684
00:48:57,862 --> 00:48:58,990
What line is it?
685
00:48:58,991 --> 00:49:01,922
That's the heat flow. You've pulled it off.
686
00:49:02,086 --> 00:49:04,375
I don't know how it happened.
687
00:49:06,499 --> 00:49:09,112
The simulated attempts of repairs on earth
688
00:49:09,113 --> 00:49:11,425
turn out to be too time consuming.
689
00:49:11,426 --> 00:49:15,138
The heat flow experiment
can no longer be carried out.
690
00:49:15,773 --> 00:49:17,244
During the return to earth,
691
00:49:17,245 --> 00:49:21,341
at a distance of 310,000 kilometers
from his home planet,
692
00:49:21,342 --> 00:49:26,800
the pilot of the command module undertakes
a spacewalk for almost an hour and a half.
693
00:49:26,801 --> 00:49:31,682
He retrieves film cassettes
from the scientific instrument module.
694
00:49:43,244 --> 00:49:48,520
At the beginning of December 1972,
Apollo 17 set off for the moon.
695
00:49:48,521 --> 00:49:54,259
For the first time, there is a scientist on board,
the geologist Harrison Schmitt.
696
00:49:54,609 --> 00:49:57,403
It is the first night launch for the Saturn V,
697
00:49:57,404 --> 00:50:02,989
and at the same time, the last mission of
the Apollo moon landing program.
698
00:50:21,096 --> 00:50:24,421
17, Houston.
You're in Go for orbit. Go for orbit.
699
00:50:25,087 --> 00:50:28,020
Those are kind words, Robert.
We'll go for orbit here.
700
00:50:29,519 --> 00:50:34,011
On the way to the moon, the crew
took the first picture of the entire earth.
701
00:50:34,012 --> 00:50:36,296
The picture of the Blue Marble was possible
702
00:50:36,297 --> 00:50:40,412
because the launch took place
shortly after the new moon.
703
00:50:41,156 --> 00:50:44,413
The crew of Apollo 17
broke a number of records.
704
00:50:44,414 --> 00:50:46,926
Their mission lasted for over 12 days.
705
00:50:46,927 --> 00:50:51,815
The astronauts spent almost 23 hours
on missions outside the spacecraft
706
00:50:51,816 --> 00:50:57,241
and they brought over 110 kilograms
of rock samples back to earth.
707
00:50:57,242 --> 00:51:02,982
They landed in the Taurus-Littrow valley
on the southeastern part of the Sea of Serenity.
708
00:51:02,983 --> 00:51:07,513
The Mare Serenitatis was
formed some 3.9 billion years ago,
709
00:51:07,514 --> 00:51:12,415
following the impact of
a massive celestial body.
710
00:52:21,042 --> 00:52:23,398
A talent for improvisation was called for
711
00:52:23,399 --> 00:52:26,502
when the right rear wing of
the lunar rover broke off.
712
00:52:26,503 --> 00:52:29,661
With the help of adhesive tape,
staples and a lunar map,
713
00:52:29,662 --> 00:52:32,348
The damage to the vehicle was repaired.
714
00:52:32,349 --> 00:52:35,678
Without the wheel cover,
moon dust flew around the pilots.
715
00:52:35,679 --> 00:52:38,731
And it became impossible to drive by sight.
716
00:52:38,732 --> 00:52:41,359
The powder-like moon dust
presented a huge problem.
717
00:52:41,360 --> 00:52:43,286
It was as rough as sandpaper
718
00:52:43,287 --> 00:52:46,161
and crept into the connecting
elements of the spacesuits,
719
00:52:46,162 --> 00:52:48,739
making them extremely difficult to close,
720
00:52:48,740 --> 00:52:50,668
so that they were airtight.
721
00:52:50,669 --> 00:52:53,330
It therefore became essential for survival
722
00:52:53,331 --> 00:52:55,293
that the fine powder was carefully brushed off
723
00:52:55,294 --> 00:52:58,882
before clamoring back into the lunar module.
724
00:52:59,425 --> 00:53:02,479
Oh, thank you, Geno. It looks much better.
725
00:53:02,807 --> 00:53:06,696
The television camera also
needed constant cleaning.
726
00:53:06,697 --> 00:53:10,698
The fine powder caused the spacesuits
to become statically loaded.
727
00:53:10,699 --> 00:53:14,581
Inside the lunar module, the moon dust
smelled like burnt gunpowder
728
00:53:14,582 --> 00:53:18,294
because it reacted
with the oxygen present there.
729
00:53:18,295 --> 00:53:24,178
The space travelers in Apollo 17
had finally become mine workers.
730
00:53:25,056 --> 00:53:26,894
Orange colored glass beads
731
00:53:26,895 --> 00:53:31,828
were scattered around
the 110-meter crater known as Shorty.
732
00:53:31,829 --> 00:53:36,020
The glass fragments are 3.64 billion years old
733
00:53:36,021 --> 00:53:38,837
and are the remains of a volcanic eruption.
734
00:53:38,838 --> 00:53:43,695
For the geologist Schmitt,
the discovery was the find of a lifetime.
735
00:53:43,696 --> 00:53:45,206
Oh, hey!
736
00:53:46,111 --> 00:53:47,872
- Wait a minute.
- What?
737
00:53:47,873 --> 00:53:50,073
Where are the reflections? I've been fooled.
738
00:53:50,074 --> 00:53:52,888
There is orange soil!
739
00:53:52,889 --> 00:53:55,185
Well, don't move it until I see it.
740
00:53:55,978 --> 00:53:58,102
It's all over!
741
00:53:58,103 --> 00:53:59,270
Orange!
742
00:53:59,271 --> 00:54:01,115
Don't move it until I see it.
743
00:54:01,116 --> 00:54:02,959
I stirred it up with my feet.
744
00:54:02,960 --> 00:54:06,859
Hey, it is! I can see it from here! It's orange!
745
00:54:06,860 --> 00:54:08,942
Wait a minute, let me put my visor up.
746
00:54:09,235 --> 00:54:10,586
It's still orange!
747
00:54:10,587 --> 00:54:11,696
Sure it is!
748
00:54:12,301 --> 00:54:13,717
Crazy!
749
00:54:14,318 --> 00:54:15,492
Orange!
750
00:54:16,253 --> 00:54:19,799
An improvised variation on the song,
The Fountain in the Park
751
00:54:19,800 --> 00:54:25,679
made the Apollo 17 astronauts Cernan and Schmitt
a world-famous singing duo.
752
00:54:27,739 --> 00:54:31,182
I was strolling on the moon one day...
753
00:54:31,900 --> 00:54:34,827
in a merry, merry month of December
754
00:54:34,828 --> 00:54:35,999
No. May.
755
00:54:36,000 --> 00:54:37,518
May. May's the month.
756
00:54:37,519 --> 00:54:38,315
That's right.
757
00:54:38,905 --> 00:54:40,514
May is the month.
758
00:54:41,145 --> 00:54:43,869
When much to my surprise,
759
00:54:43,870 --> 00:54:46,110
a pair of funny eyes...
760
00:54:48,078 --> 00:54:52,477
Shortly before a lunar module took off
for the last time from the moon,
761
00:54:52,478 --> 00:54:54,907
the astronauts left behind a memorial plaque
762
00:54:54,908 --> 00:54:57,972
with a message of peace for all mankind.
763
00:54:57,973 --> 00:55:04,293
Here man completed
his first exploration of the moon,
764
00:55:04,294 --> 00:55:08,380
December 1972, A.D.
765
00:55:09,210 --> 00:55:12,180
May the spirit of peace
766
00:55:12,181 --> 00:55:14,487
in which we came
767
00:55:14,488 --> 00:55:19,111
be reflected in the lives of all mankind.
768
00:55:21,331 --> 00:55:23,361
This is our commemoration
769
00:55:23,362 --> 00:55:25,239
that will be here
770
00:55:25,240 --> 00:55:27,475
until someone like us
771
00:55:27,476 --> 00:55:31,185
'til some of you who are out there
who are the promise of the future
772
00:55:31,186 --> 00:55:33,202
come back to read it again
773
00:55:33,203 --> 00:55:36,732
and to further the exploration
and the meaning of Apollo.
774
00:55:38,180 --> 00:55:43,437
99 Proceeded. 3, 2, 1. Ignition.
775
00:55:43,690 --> 00:55:45,240
We're on our way, Houston.
776
00:55:45,241 --> 00:55:46,282
Rates are good.
777
00:55:47,116 --> 00:55:52,246
The departure of the astronauts Cernan
and Schmitt on December 14th, 1972
778
00:55:52,247 --> 00:55:55,527
marked the end of
the Apollo missions to the moon.
779
00:55:55,528 --> 00:56:00,340
Since then, no human beings
have returned to the moon.
780
00:56:07,160 --> 00:56:10,616
Between 1969 and 1972,
781
00:56:10,617 --> 00:56:15,389
12 space travelers set foot
on the moon's surface.
782
00:56:15,939 --> 00:56:18,707
The pioneering deeds of the Apollo astronauts
783
00:56:18,708 --> 00:56:24,144
continue to inspire us right up to this day.
784
00:56:27,000 --> 00:56:30,499
Thanks for watching.
I've been practicing English listening.
785
00:56:30,500 --> 00:56:33,999
If you find any errors in this English subtitle,
please let me know. Thanks.
786
00:56:34,000 --> 00:56:37,500
2018.05.22.
English Dictation & Sync :
hillandtoe2@hotmail.com (Byung-wu Park)
69042
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