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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:18,019 --> 00:00:23,022 The decline of the Roman Empire begins at 15,000 feet, 2 00:00:24,425 --> 00:00:27,993 on some of the world's most unforgiving terrain. 3 00:00:32,733 --> 00:00:34,933 Fifty-thousand barbarian warriors from across the ancient world 4 00:00:35,002 --> 00:00:39,905 have united against a single enemy. 5 00:00:40,841 --> 00:00:43,342 Leading them is a general, bound by blood, 6 00:00:43,444 --> 00:00:46,578 to avenge his family honor, 7 00:00:46,647 --> 00:00:49,782 and destroy Rome 8 00:00:49,850 --> 00:00:53,685 before it consumes everything in its path. 9 00:01:03,397 --> 00:01:05,764 History may regard the Roman Empire as inevitable, 10 00:01:09,403 --> 00:01:12,938 but its rise was neither swift, nor guaranteed. 11 00:01:14,675 --> 00:01:16,075 To achieve its goals, 12 00:01:17,211 --> 00:01:19,945 Rome blankets the continent in blood and tyranny.ets the t 13 00:01:23,951 --> 00:01:28,320 Pillaging resources from the land and the people who live there, 14 00:01:31,292 --> 00:01:33,492 dividing the ancient world in two, 15 00:01:34,762 --> 00:01:37,029 Roman and barbarian. 16 00:01:42,570 --> 00:01:46,105 From the hordes, emerge the unlikely leaders 17 00:01:46,207 --> 00:01:48,574 who will challenge Rome's domination. 18 00:01:49,610 --> 00:01:50,909 Bandits, 19 00:01:51,312 --> 00:01:52,411 slaves, 20 00:01:53,114 --> 00:01:56,315 warriors, rebels. 21 00:01:57,985 --> 00:02:01,153 This is the story of their rise. 22 00:02:49,803 --> 00:02:52,204 In the 3rd century B.C., 23 00:02:52,273 --> 00:02:55,440 Carthage is the most powerful state in the Western world. 24 00:02:56,810 --> 00:02:58,744 It builds its wealth through trade, 25 00:02:58,812 --> 00:03:03,982 and uses its advanced naval force to dominate the Mediterranean. 26 00:03:05,352 --> 00:03:07,986 Carthage really was Rome's only competitor as an empire 27 00:03:08,088 --> 00:03:09,922 in the central and western Mediterranean. 28 00:03:09,990 --> 00:03:12,691 There were no other great states that could compete with it. 29 00:03:14,428 --> 00:03:19,331 Rome is a small but growing republic with outsized ambition. 30 00:03:19,433 --> 00:03:23,635 It knows that to defeat Carthage is to control the ancient world. 31 00:03:24,805 --> 00:03:26,605 The conflict between Rome and Carthage 32 00:03:26,707 --> 00:03:29,508 escalated into a life-and-death struggle 33 00:03:29,610 --> 00:03:34,446 between the two principle powers in the western Mediterranean. 34 00:03:35,849 --> 00:03:38,584 When the two sides clash over Sicily, 35 00:03:38,652 --> 00:03:41,186 Rome is the rising power. 36 00:03:41,288 --> 00:03:44,790 And it's also adaptable, building a navy from the ground up 37 00:03:44,892 --> 00:03:47,926 that deals Carthage a shocking defeat. 38 00:03:51,198 --> 00:03:54,866 Rome forces Carthage to sign a crippling peace treaty 39 00:03:54,935 --> 00:03:57,302 in an attempt to break its enemy. 40 00:03:59,640 --> 00:04:01,273 It's implications for Carthage are pretty stark. 41 00:04:01,375 --> 00:04:05,510 Uh, among other things, Carthage is effectively de-militarized 42 00:04:05,579 --> 00:04:07,112 or de-navalized. 43 00:04:07,214 --> 00:04:10,749 Uh, it is also subject to paying a substantial indemnity. 44 00:04:11,919 --> 00:04:14,620 The defeat is a personal humiliation 45 00:04:14,722 --> 00:04:18,890 for the Carthaginian General in Command, Hamilcar Barca. 46 00:04:19,760 --> 00:04:23,996 His oldest son, Hannibal, is only nine years old. 47 00:04:24,865 --> 00:04:28,734 Hamilcar forced his young son, essentially, 48 00:04:28,836 --> 00:04:33,005 to dedicate his entire life to one purpose, 49 00:04:34,008 --> 00:04:35,774 the destruction of Rome. 50 00:05:20,487 --> 00:05:21,887 The oath, Hannibal. 51 00:05:23,057 --> 00:05:25,490 I swear by the deathless Gods 52 00:05:25,592 --> 00:05:27,659 that I shall not rest until the heart of Rome 53 00:05:27,761 --> 00:05:29,594 bleeds dry on the sword of Carthage. 54 00:05:30,431 --> 00:05:31,463 Again! 55 00:05:32,166 --> 00:05:34,700 I swear by the deathless Gods 56 00:05:34,802 --> 00:05:37,536 that I shall not rest until the heart of Rome bleeds... 57 00:05:37,638 --> 00:05:38,637 Again! 58 00:05:39,239 --> 00:05:41,540 I swear by the deathless Gods 59 00:05:41,642 --> 00:05:44,643 that I shall not rest until the heart of Rome bleeds dry 60 00:05:44,712 --> 00:05:45,911 on the sword of Carthage! 61 00:05:55,089 --> 00:05:58,957 Hannibal waits nearly two decades for a chance at revenge. 62 00:06:09,970 --> 00:06:15,741 In 219 B.C., Rome makes an alliance with Saguntum, 63 00:06:15,843 --> 00:06:19,444 a fortified city on Carthage's northern border. 64 00:06:19,546 --> 00:06:22,447 Hannibal sees the move as an act of war. 65 00:06:34,661 --> 00:06:36,428 Our neighbor has been turned. 66 00:06:37,197 --> 00:06:38,797 Saguntum is on our side of the border. 67 00:06:39,099 --> 00:06:42,367 Forget borders. They're for politicians. 68 00:06:45,038 --> 00:06:48,607 Rome's alliance with Saguntum was designed as a deliberate insult. 69 00:06:48,709 --> 00:06:49,808 And if we don't respond? 70 00:06:49,910 --> 00:06:52,244 Who are we? Cowards? 71 00:06:52,346 --> 00:06:53,578 You know the answer to that. 72 00:06:53,680 --> 00:06:55,680 Then we fight! 73 00:06:55,749 --> 00:06:58,083 And avenge the vow we made to our father. 74 00:07:02,723 --> 00:07:04,089 We take the city. 75 00:07:05,492 --> 00:07:06,792 Rome will have no choice 76 00:07:06,860 --> 00:07:08,727 but to fight for its new ally. 77 00:07:11,131 --> 00:07:12,931 We call her out. 78 00:07:14,234 --> 00:07:16,668 Draw her here, to Hispania. 79 00:07:26,013 --> 00:07:29,314 Hannibal besieges Saguntum for eight months. 80 00:07:30,551 --> 00:07:33,952 When the city falls, he launches his master plan, 81 00:07:34,788 --> 00:07:39,057 to unite the barbarians of the ancient world against Rome. 82 00:07:41,495 --> 00:07:43,228 Outside of the great empires, 83 00:07:43,330 --> 00:07:48,600 the people of Europe are organized into small tribal groups, essentially. 84 00:07:48,702 --> 00:07:52,971 They don't really have an overarching national or ethnic identity. 85 00:07:53,073 --> 00:07:54,773 They are tribal societies, 86 00:07:54,875 --> 00:07:57,542 and often spend a lot of time fighting amongst each other. 87 00:07:58,212 --> 00:08:02,747 Hannibal faced an enormously difficult challenge. 88 00:08:02,850 --> 00:08:06,485 How to build an alliance with disparate groups of barbarian tribes, 89 00:08:06,587 --> 00:08:08,153 who spoke different languages. 90 00:08:08,255 --> 00:08:12,057 And they really saw no distinction between Rome or Carthage. 91 00:08:12,159 --> 00:08:15,160 It's safe to say they hated both of them equally. 92 00:08:17,431 --> 00:08:18,930 He had to give them a good reason 93 00:08:19,032 --> 00:08:21,266 why they should fight with him. 94 00:08:21,335 --> 00:08:22,968 And the good reason was, 95 00:08:23,070 --> 00:08:25,971 if we win, then you will be free. 96 00:08:26,073 --> 00:08:28,306 If we lose, then you will be slaves. 97 00:08:32,246 --> 00:08:35,413 Hannibal g calls to arms tribes 98 00:08:35,516 --> 00:08:38,817 from Iberia, to Gaul, to North Africa, 99 00:08:38,886 --> 00:08:41,653 and the Lusitanians of western Hispania. 100 00:08:42,155 --> 00:08:44,456 The Lusitanians were great warriors. 101 00:08:44,525 --> 00:08:47,058 They were fantastic fighters. 102 00:08:47,160 --> 00:08:52,330 And, um, they were used to independence 103 00:08:52,432 --> 00:09:03,308 for centuries and centuries, so they would never give up. 104 00:09:03,377 --> 00:09:05,911 The Lusitanians will complete our army. 105 00:09:07,814 --> 00:09:11,249 It is said they have no word for truce. 106 00:09:11,919 --> 00:09:13,285 They've never needed one. 107 00:09:14,888 --> 00:09:18,290 Well, they'll either listen to us or kill us. 108 00:09:49,489 --> 00:09:51,656 The last time your people were foolish enough to come here, 109 00:09:51,758 --> 00:09:53,892 they tried to conquer us. 110 00:09:54,394 --> 00:09:55,927 They failed. 111 00:09:58,398 --> 00:10:01,566 So, why have you come back now? 112 00:10:13,680 --> 00:10:15,447 We face the same great enemy. 113 00:10:16,650 --> 00:10:17,649 Rome. 114 00:10:18,485 --> 00:10:20,952 And it will not rest until it's consumed us all. 115 00:10:21,288 --> 00:10:23,054 Rome is your enemy, not ours. 116 00:10:23,123 --> 00:10:26,157 And even if it were, we fear no one. 117 00:10:27,027 --> 00:10:29,494 A good warrior never underestimates the might of its enemy. 118 00:10:29,596 --> 00:10:31,496 Or himself. 119 00:10:36,603 --> 00:10:39,871 Carthage cannot defeat Rome by itself. 120 00:10:39,973 --> 00:10:43,842 So if we fall to her legions, you will be next. 121 00:10:44,745 --> 00:10:47,679 It already has eyes on Hispania and Lusitania. 122 00:10:48,148 --> 00:10:51,149 But Rome can be stopped if we fight together. 123 00:10:51,685 --> 00:10:55,320 Then perhaps we should fight with Rome against you and Carthage. 124 00:10:56,390 --> 00:10:57,489 Go ahead. 125 00:10:58,225 --> 00:11:01,126 And see what happens, when it uses you to destroy us, 126 00:11:01,228 --> 00:11:03,428 and then turns on you and Lusitania. 127 00:11:03,530 --> 00:11:05,030 And you? 128 00:11:05,132 --> 00:11:06,431 And Carthage? 129 00:11:07,434 --> 00:11:08,967 Would reward you. 130 00:11:11,805 --> 00:11:13,772 With, uh... 131 00:11:15,075 --> 00:11:16,041 The riches of a republic 132 00:11:16,143 --> 00:11:18,877 whose wealth is beyond imagining. 133 00:11:20,614 --> 00:11:22,814 When you pay tribute to our honor, 134 00:11:22,883 --> 00:11:24,482 understand this, 135 00:11:25,152 --> 00:11:27,585 you are not buying it. 136 00:11:29,089 --> 00:11:30,588 Then it is settled? 137 00:12:10,063 --> 00:12:11,963 You are their creature now. 138 00:12:13,734 --> 00:12:15,166 And soon, they will be ours. 139 00:12:15,902 --> 00:12:17,001 Let us hope. 140 00:12:17,104 --> 00:12:18,369 They will join us. 141 00:12:18,638 --> 00:12:20,105 If they do not, 142 00:12:21,842 --> 00:12:22,907 they'll all be dead. 143 00:12:25,178 --> 00:12:28,446 As Hannibal waits for allies to respond, 144 00:12:28,548 --> 00:12:30,715 Rome gathers an army of its own. 145 00:12:32,285 --> 00:12:36,521 The senate calls on the most feared military family in the republic. 146 00:12:37,991 --> 00:12:41,459 Wealthy, powerful and ruthless, 147 00:12:41,561 --> 00:12:46,865 Publius Cornelius Scipio commands a vast army of highly-disciplined soldiers. 148 00:12:47,367 --> 00:12:49,534 Scipio is the greatest general of the Romans, 149 00:12:49,636 --> 00:12:52,070 and has the full support of the Roman Senate 150 00:12:52,172 --> 00:12:56,141 to take on and destroy the army of Hannibal. 151 00:12:56,209 --> 00:12:57,976 The Roman fighting machine was, um, 152 00:12:58,078 --> 00:13:01,579 an incredibly disciplined and organized body. 153 00:13:01,681 --> 00:13:03,448 People were trained systematically, 154 00:13:03,550 --> 00:13:05,683 they were formed up in cohorts. 155 00:13:05,752 --> 00:13:08,419 Um, they knew how to fight by system. 156 00:13:08,488 --> 00:13:11,923 They practiced their weapons. These were professionals. 157 00:13:17,864 --> 00:13:19,564 Within seven months, 158 00:13:19,666 --> 00:13:23,668 Hannibal's barbarian army grows to 30,000 men. 159 00:13:24,404 --> 00:13:27,472 But still, he waits on the Lusitanians. 160 00:13:27,574 --> 00:13:30,408 Without them, Hannibal's favorite kind of war is mobile war. 161 00:13:30,510 --> 00:13:33,211 He's not much given to static warfare. 162 00:13:33,313 --> 00:13:36,481 And the Lusitanian's epitomize mobile warfare. 163 00:13:36,583 --> 00:13:39,884 They're fast, they have light cavalry, 164 00:13:39,953 --> 00:13:41,553 they're good at ambushes. 165 00:13:41,955 --> 00:13:48,159 So Hannibal and the Lusitanians are made for each other. 166 00:13:56,870 --> 00:13:58,870 If you're right, 167 00:13:59,539 --> 00:14:01,906 and Rome is the greatest fighting force the world has ever seen... 168 00:14:02,309 --> 00:14:03,842 I am right. 169 00:14:04,244 --> 00:14:06,778 Then you'd better have something they don't. 170 00:14:06,880 --> 00:14:07,879 I do. 171 00:14:08,348 --> 00:14:09,714 And his name is Cumelios. 172 00:14:20,043 --> 00:14:23,478 The empire that will one day rule the ancient world 173 00:14:23,580 --> 00:14:26,615 begins as a small but ambitious republic, 174 00:14:26,683 --> 00:14:30,018 with designs on absolute power. 175 00:14:30,754 --> 00:14:32,954 Power can either be good or bad. 176 00:14:33,523 --> 00:14:37,759 Uh, what really matters is who is wielding that power, 177 00:14:37,861 --> 00:14:40,695 what motivates them and how they use it. 178 00:14:41,431 --> 00:14:44,933 But as Rome spreads its culture by force, 179 00:14:45,035 --> 00:14:46,735 some rise up to fight back. 180 00:14:48,272 --> 00:14:51,673 Among them is Hannibal Barca of Carthage. 181 00:14:53,343 --> 00:14:55,110 To challenge the Republic, 182 00:14:55,212 --> 00:14:57,879 he unites an army of disparate barbarian tribes under one banner. 183 00:14:59,082 --> 00:15:05,253 And gambles on a bold strategy that has never been attempted before. 184 00:15:05,355 --> 00:15:08,390 Military leaders who have become great captains in history, 185 00:15:08,625 --> 00:15:11,493 have done so because they had the ability 186 00:15:11,561 --> 00:15:14,663 to visualize several moves ahead 187 00:15:15,232 --> 00:15:16,598 and plan for them. 188 00:15:18,101 --> 00:15:19,734 Each move is like a separate game of chess. 189 00:15:23,140 --> 00:15:24,439 Rome will cower 190 00:15:24,541 --> 00:15:25,573 when they dock at Saguntum 191 00:15:25,676 --> 00:15:27,475 and see thousands of us waiting. 192 00:15:27,711 --> 00:15:28,777 They won't. 193 00:15:29,479 --> 00:15:31,012 They won't come ashore at Saguntum? 194 00:15:31,114 --> 00:15:32,981 They won't see thousands. 195 00:15:35,152 --> 00:15:36,952 We're not fighting in Saguntum? 196 00:15:37,054 --> 00:15:39,754 We're going to destroy them on their own soil. 197 00:15:39,856 --> 00:15:41,389 I don't understand. 198 00:15:42,059 --> 00:15:43,625 We're going to march on Rome. 199 00:15:44,261 --> 00:15:45,260 Impossible. 200 00:15:46,697 --> 00:15:48,863 You only say that because it's never been done. 201 00:15:51,034 --> 00:15:55,236 You're going to march an army more than 2,000 miles? 202 00:15:56,073 --> 00:15:57,439 Have faith. 203 00:16:04,715 --> 00:16:07,449 Hannibal's force sets out for Rome. 204 00:16:08,652 --> 00:16:10,618 But 700 miles into the journey, 205 00:16:12,322 --> 00:16:13,822 his plan is disrupted 206 00:16:13,924 --> 00:16:16,091 when Scipio decides to resupply 207 00:16:16,193 --> 00:16:20,095 on his way to intercept the barbarians in Hispania. 208 00:16:45,022 --> 00:16:46,054 Hey! 209 00:16:48,692 --> 00:16:49,891 Romans! 210 00:16:50,594 --> 00:16:51,593 Half a day to the south. 211 00:16:53,797 --> 00:16:55,296 They have discovered our scouts. 212 00:16:57,300 --> 00:16:58,933 They've smelled their prey, 213 00:16:59,903 --> 00:17:01,836 now they want to hunt us down. 214 00:17:02,973 --> 00:17:05,040 We can face them now. 215 00:17:05,442 --> 00:17:07,409 Tell the lookouts downriver and call out the men. 216 00:17:08,078 --> 00:17:10,812 Prepare the cavalry and get provisions. We must leave tonight! 217 00:17:11,515 --> 00:17:12,547 No. 218 00:17:15,452 --> 00:17:17,085 We must strike camp 219 00:17:17,187 --> 00:17:18,720 and head east into the mountains. 220 00:17:18,822 --> 00:17:20,221 But, Han... Now! 221 00:17:20,323 --> 00:17:21,890 Strike the camp! 222 00:17:28,065 --> 00:17:29,230 Leadership is about confidence, 223 00:17:29,533 --> 00:17:32,233 sometimes, self-delusional confidence. 224 00:17:32,335 --> 00:17:35,003 I always think that you've got to believe 225 00:17:35,105 --> 00:17:38,039 with such an unshakeable amount of confidence 226 00:17:38,141 --> 00:17:40,241 that others might think you're crazy. 227 00:17:40,343 --> 00:17:41,876 If you insist on sticking to the plan... 228 00:17:41,978 --> 00:17:44,079 We'll look like cowards! 229 00:17:44,181 --> 00:17:47,215 If we stay and fight Scipio's army, 230 00:17:47,918 --> 00:17:49,350 we'd win a great and glorious victory. 231 00:17:49,453 --> 00:17:52,053 Exactly! But it would mean nothing. 232 00:17:52,122 --> 00:17:53,822 We'd win the battle but not the war. 233 00:17:53,924 --> 00:17:55,924 They'd come at us again and again. 234 00:17:56,026 --> 00:17:58,493 But, brother... We strike at the heart of Rome. 235 00:17:58,595 --> 00:18:00,929 We scale the walls of the Republic. 236 00:18:08,305 --> 00:18:11,940 Rome believes the mountains are an impenetrable fortress, 237 00:18:12,042 --> 00:18:15,276 a natural barrier protecting it from attack. 238 00:18:16,113 --> 00:18:20,248 Hannibal's plan to invade by land is a blind side. 239 00:18:20,350 --> 00:18:25,520 And crossing through the Alps is a move calculated to intimidate the enemy. 240 00:18:25,622 --> 00:18:29,157 The crossing of the Alps is spectacular because it's unique 241 00:18:29,259 --> 00:18:30,325 in the ancient time. 242 00:18:30,427 --> 00:18:33,361 Nobody before him had ever dared, 243 00:18:33,463 --> 00:18:36,097 not even to imagine to do something like that. 244 00:18:36,633 --> 00:18:38,833 Hannibal's willingness to take on this challenge 245 00:18:38,935 --> 00:18:41,736 to cross the Alps, to go into the unknown, 246 00:18:41,838 --> 00:18:44,906 tells us volumes about him as a leader. 247 00:18:44,975 --> 00:18:49,310 It's why he's recognized as one of the greatest military leaders 248 00:18:49,379 --> 00:18:50,945 in all of human history. 249 00:19:26,383 --> 00:19:29,584 Hannibal seems to have completely outthought Scipio at this point 250 00:19:29,653 --> 00:19:32,053 by the speed of his advance. 251 00:19:32,155 --> 00:19:34,055 The fact of the matter is that Hannibal alludes him. 252 00:19:34,157 --> 00:19:37,525 Um, and had he not alluded him, uh, the dream of invading Italy 253 00:19:37,627 --> 00:19:39,627 uh, might have been prematurely halted. 254 00:19:41,998 --> 00:19:44,399 The mighty Alps. 255 00:19:45,068 --> 00:19:48,736 carved out of the landscape more than two million years earlier, 256 00:19:48,838 --> 00:19:51,673 are the gateway to Rome. 257 00:19:51,775 --> 00:19:56,277 To this day, the Alps stand as a synonym, as a shorthand if you will, 258 00:19:56,346 --> 00:19:57,378 for an impenetrable barrier. 259 00:19:59,683 --> 00:20:05,553 Hannibal's force begins its ascent in October, 218 B.C. 260 00:20:07,624 --> 00:20:11,059 Thirty-eight thousand barbarian warriors, 261 00:20:11,161 --> 00:20:14,963 twelve thousand African cavalry and their horses 262 00:20:15,065 --> 00:20:16,364 and 36 war elephants, 263 00:20:16,466 --> 00:20:19,434 prized as Hannibal's signature attack weapons. 264 00:20:21,905 --> 00:20:24,672 It's apparently insane. 265 00:20:24,774 --> 00:20:25,974 And strange enough, 266 00:20:26,076 --> 00:20:28,176 he didn't wait for spring. 267 00:20:28,278 --> 00:20:30,979 He started the enterprise in the fall. 268 00:20:31,715 --> 00:20:33,781 So he got ready to cross the Alps 269 00:20:34,117 --> 00:20:36,417 in the worst conditions possible. 270 00:20:40,190 --> 00:20:44,125 What begins as a grand and glorious campaign, 271 00:20:44,227 --> 00:20:46,694 quickly becomes a nightmare. 272 00:20:51,401 --> 00:20:53,635 When Hannibal gets to the high passes of the Alps, 273 00:20:54,004 --> 00:20:55,069 he's dealing with an environment 274 00:20:55,171 --> 00:20:57,205 such as he's never faced before. 275 00:20:57,307 --> 00:20:59,107 It's winter in all its fury. 276 00:21:02,412 --> 00:21:05,079 It's ice, it's snow, it's wind, 277 00:21:05,181 --> 00:21:07,682 It's avalanches, it's ravines, 278 00:21:07,784 --> 00:21:17,759 it's frostbite. It's just terrible. 279 00:21:17,861 --> 00:21:20,628 How many more men have to die 280 00:21:20,730 --> 00:21:22,664 before you admit your mistake? 281 00:21:23,733 --> 00:21:25,266 You and your arrogance. 282 00:21:26,469 --> 00:21:27,969 Your visions of glory. 283 00:21:28,638 --> 00:21:30,705 You can't eat glory, Hannibal. 284 00:21:32,175 --> 00:21:33,374 We've not lost yet. 285 00:21:35,679 --> 00:21:38,179 They'll sing songs about us. 286 00:21:38,281 --> 00:21:39,447 I promise. 287 00:21:39,549 --> 00:21:40,915 And what if we're dead? 288 00:21:42,052 --> 00:21:44,319 Especially if we're dead. 289 00:21:54,998 --> 00:21:56,030 For Hannibal, 290 00:21:56,533 --> 00:21:58,299 the darkest time of his career, 291 00:21:58,401 --> 00:22:01,936 without a doubt, had to be when they were bogged down in the Alps. 292 00:22:03,540 --> 00:22:05,039 Even when you have doubts, 293 00:22:05,842 --> 00:22:06,908 you cannot reveal them 294 00:22:06,976 --> 00:22:09,143 because doubt could become contagious. 295 00:22:09,646 --> 00:22:12,013 The leaders must use a light of hope 296 00:22:13,116 --> 00:22:15,650 in the darkness of despair. 297 00:22:15,752 --> 00:22:20,621 It looked like he had led his army into unmitigated disaster. 298 00:22:27,046 --> 00:22:29,446 Two titans of the ancient world 299 00:22:29,515 --> 00:22:30,948 are battling for supremacy. 300 00:22:31,517 --> 00:22:33,150 By 218 B.C., 301 00:22:33,252 --> 00:22:36,487 Rome has set out to conquer the continent, 302 00:22:36,589 --> 00:22:39,256 but Carthage is determined to stop its advance. 303 00:22:40,960 --> 00:22:44,094 Hannibal recruits a massive barbarian army 304 00:22:44,163 --> 00:22:47,097 to execute an audacious strategy, 305 00:22:47,166 --> 00:22:50,434 an over-land attack through the Alps. 306 00:22:54,140 --> 00:22:57,207 Caught in the high passes of the mountains, 307 00:22:57,309 --> 00:23:00,210 Hannibal's bold gambit is becoming a disaster. 308 00:23:01,614 --> 00:23:05,616 He loses 25,000 men in a single month. 309 00:23:06,986 --> 00:23:10,621 When you look at these, um, examples of strong leadership, 310 00:23:11,056 --> 00:23:15,259 it's not about them, it's about the people who they are leading. 311 00:23:15,728 --> 00:23:17,961 It's bigger, um, than any one of them as individuals. 312 00:23:20,800 --> 00:23:22,132 Mago was right. 313 00:23:23,068 --> 00:23:24,601 Who was I to think I could 314 00:23:26,539 --> 00:23:27,871 do the impossible? 315 00:23:30,009 --> 00:23:33,277 You won't find the courage to lead in yourself, 316 00:23:35,781 --> 00:23:38,782 you'll find it in the belief of those who follow you. 317 00:23:42,054 --> 00:23:44,555 The great leader is able 318 00:23:44,657 --> 00:23:49,193 at the worst of conditions, at the worst of times to continue on. 319 00:23:52,364 --> 00:23:55,432 The man who can conquer his own feelings, thoughts and emotions, 320 00:23:55,534 --> 00:23:56,567 can conquer the world. 321 00:24:14,253 --> 00:24:15,385 Mago! 322 00:24:16,655 --> 00:24:17,855 Cumelios! 323 00:24:40,412 --> 00:24:42,880 Seven months after leaving Hispania, 324 00:24:42,948 --> 00:24:45,382 Hannibal escapes the Alps. 325 00:24:45,484 --> 00:24:47,718 But he arrives in Italy with half of the army 326 00:24:47,820 --> 00:24:49,920 that marched into the mountains. 327 00:24:50,022 --> 00:24:55,359 Only four of his 36 mighty war elephants survive. 328 00:24:55,594 --> 00:24:58,328 Once Hannibal arrives into the Italian Peninsula, 329 00:24:58,397 --> 00:25:00,130 uh, he's in a bit of a bind. 330 00:25:00,232 --> 00:25:02,399 Because on the one hand, his forces are depleted 331 00:25:02,468 --> 00:25:07,971 and he needs to recruit new allies to supplement his forces. 332 00:25:08,040 --> 00:25:10,774 But in order to do this, in order to build up his rep, 333 00:25:10,876 --> 00:25:13,176 he actually has to start beating the Romans on the battlefield. 334 00:25:13,279 --> 00:25:16,413 The crossing of the Alps had an amazing effect on the Roman psyche. 335 00:25:16,515 --> 00:25:17,648 They didn't see this coming. 336 00:25:17,750 --> 00:25:20,250 He's taken them completely by surprise. 337 00:25:20,319 --> 00:25:23,220 So now, they have to face, unexpectedly, 338 00:25:23,322 --> 00:25:25,155 a hostile army in northern Italy. 339 00:25:27,426 --> 00:25:30,560 Hannibal sets out to conquer Rome. 340 00:25:30,663 --> 00:25:33,764 His barbarian army leaves a trail of death 341 00:25:33,866 --> 00:25:35,832 as they head for the capital city. 342 00:25:37,303 --> 00:25:40,437 They rout the Romans in battle after battle. 343 00:25:41,140 --> 00:25:42,506 At Ticino, 344 00:25:43,475 --> 00:25:46,443 Trebbia, Lake Trasimene. 345 00:25:46,512 --> 00:25:51,515 With every victory, Hannibal is one step closer to Rome. 346 00:25:54,887 --> 00:25:57,220 Determined to press his advantage, 347 00:25:57,323 --> 00:26:00,457 Hannibal seizes a critical grain supply at Cannae, 348 00:26:00,526 --> 00:26:03,627 to starve the Republic into submission. 349 00:26:04,363 --> 00:26:07,597 The move forces a showdown. 350 00:26:10,436 --> 00:26:12,736 On the plains outside the city, 351 00:26:12,805 --> 00:26:28,919 the armies meet for an apocalyptic clash. 352 00:26:28,988 --> 00:26:32,089 I swear by the deathless Gods 353 00:26:32,191 --> 00:26:33,857 that I shall not rest 354 00:26:34,460 --> 00:26:37,761 until the heart of Rome bleeds dry 355 00:26:37,830 --> 00:26:39,997 on the sword of Carthage. 356 00:26:45,104 --> 00:26:46,436 Sixteen legions. 357 00:26:46,872 --> 00:26:48,271 Eighty-five thousand men. 358 00:26:49,708 --> 00:26:51,875 We're outnumbered almost two-to-one. 359 00:26:52,811 --> 00:26:53,877 Good. 360 00:26:55,014 --> 00:26:57,748 Let them bring their remaining men to this field. 361 00:27:00,819 --> 00:27:04,287 They'll fall right into our trap. 362 00:27:04,356 --> 00:27:09,026 It was the barbarians who sought to protect their own freedom. 363 00:27:09,361 --> 00:27:12,162 It was the barbarians, so called, 364 00:27:12,264 --> 00:27:13,930 who opposed slavery. 365 00:27:14,299 --> 00:27:18,301 It was the barbarians who refused to succumb 366 00:27:18,404 --> 00:27:21,271 to the efforts of Rome to make them slaves. 367 00:27:22,674 --> 00:27:24,474 They were the earliest freedom fighters. 368 00:27:27,746 --> 00:27:29,279 Two thousand miles ago, 369 00:27:31,083 --> 00:27:35,152 we could have stayed and fought Rome in Hispania. 370 00:27:36,221 --> 00:27:39,990 But we didn't want to fight just an arm of Rome. 371 00:27:42,394 --> 00:27:43,994 We wanted to wrap 372 00:27:44,096 --> 00:27:47,931 our jaws around her neck and bite off her head. 373 00:27:48,867 --> 00:27:52,135 A thousand miles ago, we could have fought Rome again, 374 00:27:52,237 --> 00:27:54,504 but we fought the mountains instead. 375 00:27:56,141 --> 00:27:58,775 And the thousands who stand here today, 376 00:27:59,945 --> 00:28:01,745 won that battle. 377 00:28:02,948 --> 00:28:04,114 Here, 378 00:28:04,950 --> 00:28:06,917 on Roman soil, 379 00:28:08,554 --> 00:28:10,654 we are finally ready to fight! 380 00:28:10,923 --> 00:28:14,057 No more waiting. No more walking. 381 00:28:14,393 --> 00:28:15,892 No more dreaming. 382 00:28:15,961 --> 00:28:19,996 Today, we will be victorious! 383 00:28:22,401 --> 00:28:25,502 Today, we will take our revenge! 384 00:28:32,762 --> 00:28:35,396 Rome's power is on the rise. 385 00:28:35,498 --> 00:28:39,700 But it has one formidable rival for control of the ancient world, 386 00:28:40,236 --> 00:28:44,138 Carthage and its great general, Hannibal. 387 00:28:44,941 --> 00:28:47,107 His barbarian force scaled the Alps 388 00:28:47,210 --> 00:28:50,077 to strike directly at Rome's heart. 389 00:28:50,146 --> 00:28:55,216 Now, two ancient armies stand ready for an epic clash. 390 00:28:58,287 --> 00:28:59,553 On one side, 391 00:28:59,655 --> 00:29:02,389 eighty-five thousand Roman soldiers. 392 00:29:03,392 --> 00:29:06,894 On the other, 50,000 barbarian warriors 393 00:29:06,963 --> 00:29:10,664 determined to stop Rome's advance across the continent. 394 00:29:11,234 --> 00:29:14,768 Scipio imagines a glorious victory, 395 00:29:14,871 --> 00:29:17,705 but he's underestimated the barbarian commander. 396 00:29:19,141 --> 00:29:21,342 Hannibal has set a trap. 397 00:29:22,144 --> 00:29:27,314 Hannibal's plan for the Battle of Cannae is absolutely brilliant. 398 00:29:27,984 --> 00:29:31,218 Strategists, tacticians, ever since, 399 00:29:31,320 --> 00:29:34,021 have striven to copy what he achieved 400 00:29:34,590 --> 00:29:38,692 because it represents tactical perfection. 401 00:29:41,163 --> 00:29:42,730 Hannibal's battle plan hinges 402 00:29:42,798 --> 00:29:44,532 on three key moves. 403 00:29:45,067 --> 00:29:48,235 First, he concentrates his infantry in the center, 404 00:29:48,337 --> 00:29:50,437 to attract the Roman advance 405 00:29:50,540 --> 00:29:52,907 and pull them inside the barbarian line. 406 00:29:53,342 --> 00:29:54,642 It's extremely important 407 00:29:54,710 --> 00:29:55,910 to Hannibal's plan 408 00:29:55,978 --> 00:29:57,811 that the frontline holds. 409 00:29:58,714 --> 00:30:01,282 If they break, if the cohesion is lost, 410 00:30:01,350 --> 00:30:05,352 the entire plan is undone, and the Carthaginians will be defeated. 411 00:30:06,155 --> 00:30:08,556 Then, two bands of elite troops 412 00:30:08,624 --> 00:30:10,257 advance from the flanks, 413 00:30:10,359 --> 00:30:12,126 boxing the Romans inside. 414 00:30:13,195 --> 00:30:16,830 Finally, a surprise cavalry attack from the rear 415 00:30:16,899 --> 00:30:21,135 surrounds them on all sides, cutting off their escape. 416 00:30:21,437 --> 00:30:25,539 If Hannibal succeeds, Rome will have nowhere to run. 417 00:31:12,488 --> 00:31:13,854 Hold the line! 418 00:31:16,993 --> 00:31:17,958 Hold! 419 00:31:20,296 --> 00:31:21,295 Hold! 420 00:31:28,671 --> 00:31:29,670 Now! 421 00:32:18,888 --> 00:32:22,389 The Roman Army is designed to steamroll forward. 422 00:32:22,491 --> 00:32:24,091 That's what it does best. 423 00:32:24,160 --> 00:32:25,426 And that's going to work fine, 424 00:32:25,528 --> 00:32:28,929 unless, you deal with an enemy who practices jujitsu. 425 00:32:29,031 --> 00:32:32,232 Who knows how to turn your strength against you, and turn it into a weakness. 426 00:32:32,334 --> 00:32:34,435 And that's what Hannibal can do. 427 00:32:37,540 --> 00:32:41,108 The result is slaughter on an unprecedented scale. 428 00:32:41,777 --> 00:32:45,813 While only 6,000 barbarians fall in battle, 429 00:32:45,881 --> 00:32:48,982 Rome loses a staggering 70,000 men, 430 00:32:49,985 --> 00:32:54,955 more than 80% of its troops in a single day. 431 00:32:55,057 --> 00:32:57,958 The Battle of Cannae was a bloodbath. 432 00:32:58,060 --> 00:33:00,728 And there were more people killed in one battle, 433 00:33:00,796 --> 00:33:03,430 than all the Americans killed in the Vietnam War. 434 00:33:06,702 --> 00:33:08,268 Such a defeat on the battlefield, 435 00:33:08,370 --> 00:33:10,871 should lead to the Romans seeking terms 436 00:33:10,973 --> 00:33:12,906 and the Carthaginians imposing them. 437 00:33:14,877 --> 00:33:20,447 The Senate sends word to Hannibal, seeking to negotiate. 438 00:33:22,518 --> 00:33:24,318 But Scipio has other plans. 439 00:33:24,820 --> 00:33:26,353 Why are we talking of peace? 440 00:33:26,922 --> 00:33:28,622 We lost. 441 00:33:28,691 --> 00:33:30,691 Now we await their terms to... You dare... 442 00:33:30,793 --> 00:33:32,893 Dare speak of surrendering to Hannibal 443 00:33:32,995 --> 00:33:35,696 and his army of animals, of barbarians? 444 00:33:36,265 --> 00:33:37,664 It need not be over yet. 445 00:33:38,100 --> 00:33:41,869 A negotiated treaty is very different from unconditional surrender. 446 00:33:41,971 --> 00:33:43,704 We agree to neither. 447 00:33:44,974 --> 00:33:48,976 Hannibal is waiting for us to bow our heads in obedience. 448 00:33:49,078 --> 00:33:50,477 Well, we let him wait 449 00:33:50,846 --> 00:33:53,814 while we beat this great general at his own game, 450 00:33:54,350 --> 00:33:56,483 by taking the fight to Carthage. 451 00:33:57,620 --> 00:33:59,453 For the next 15 years, 452 00:33:59,555 --> 00:34:02,389 Hannibal and Scipio battle for control of Italy. 453 00:34:03,459 --> 00:34:07,227 The rival powers fight themselves into a stalemate. 454 00:34:07,296 --> 00:34:09,363 Hannibal never reaches the capital city, 455 00:34:09,465 --> 00:34:13,734 and Scipio must constantly keep the barbarians at bay. 456 00:34:14,937 --> 00:34:17,471 The Romans are very fast learners when it comes to their military. 457 00:34:17,540 --> 00:34:22,042 They are very adept at taking the best bits from their enemies, 458 00:34:22,111 --> 00:34:26,680 of analyzing their tactics and their formations and their troops, 459 00:34:26,749 --> 00:34:30,517 and assimilating those into their own tactics, 460 00:34:30,586 --> 00:34:33,153 and to turn the enemy's strengths 461 00:34:33,222 --> 00:34:35,389 into Roman strengths as well. 462 00:34:36,959 --> 00:34:41,094 Scipio breaks the standoff in 204 B.C. 463 00:34:41,197 --> 00:34:43,330 He invades North Africa, 464 00:34:43,399 --> 00:34:44,965 forcing Hannibal to chase him 465 00:34:45,034 --> 00:34:47,968 across the Mediterranean to defend Carthage. 466 00:34:48,037 --> 00:34:51,371 Their final showdown takes place at Zama, 467 00:34:51,473 --> 00:34:54,441 where Scipio defeats his nemesis, 468 00:34:54,510 --> 00:34:57,077 using the maneuver Hannibal unleashed on him, 469 00:34:57,146 --> 00:34:59,847 at Cannae, 14 years earlier. 470 00:35:00,950 --> 00:35:03,617 One of the sad ironies of Hannibal is that in the end, 471 00:35:03,686 --> 00:35:06,486 he ends up being Rome's military schoolmaster. 472 00:35:06,589 --> 00:35:10,724 It must have been incredibly distressing and frustrating for Hannibal 473 00:35:10,793 --> 00:35:13,827 to see that Scipio had been able to use 474 00:35:13,929 --> 00:35:18,298 his own tactics against him in this final conflict. 475 00:35:19,768 --> 00:35:22,769 It is Hannibal's first and only defeat. 476 00:35:23,706 --> 00:35:26,073 If you look at the record of great captains, 477 00:35:26,442 --> 00:35:29,877 um, they may win two times, three times, four times, 478 00:35:29,979 --> 00:35:34,648 but they don't necessarily always dominate forever. 479 00:35:34,717 --> 00:35:37,451 They have their day. Someone else comes along 480 00:35:37,519 --> 00:35:41,088 and can do the same thing, with more resources, 481 00:35:41,156 --> 00:35:44,491 better troops, new technology, and their day's over. 482 00:35:45,427 --> 00:35:48,328 After his loss, the great general retires. 483 00:35:50,132 --> 00:35:52,733 But Rome continues to see him as a threat, 484 00:35:52,801 --> 00:35:55,168 long after he lays down his sword. 485 00:35:56,772 --> 00:36:00,274 Hannibal is one of the few figures 486 00:36:00,342 --> 00:36:02,643 who actually knocked the Romans down. 487 00:36:02,711 --> 00:36:05,846 And he is the one that comes closest to winning. 488 00:36:05,915 --> 00:36:09,249 He shows the world that it's possible to take down this empire. 489 00:36:10,719 --> 00:36:13,086 In 195 B.C., 490 00:36:13,188 --> 00:36:16,823 the Republic demands that Carthage hand over their old enemy, 491 00:36:18,360 --> 00:36:21,561 but Hannibal refuses to surrender. 492 00:36:21,630 --> 00:36:24,064 He volunteers to be exiled. 493 00:36:27,269 --> 00:36:29,469 Now in his early 60s, 494 00:36:29,538 --> 00:36:33,907 the man who is perhaps the greatest soldier the world has ever known 495 00:36:34,009 --> 00:36:37,978 deals his mortal enemy one final defeat. 496 00:37:30,499 --> 00:37:33,000 Hannibal's united army won some battles, 497 00:37:33,102 --> 00:37:35,535 but not the war. 498 00:37:35,637 --> 00:37:39,239 And the next time the barbarians stand against Rome, 499 00:37:39,308 --> 00:37:42,909 they'll need a new tactic to defeat an enemy 500 00:37:43,012 --> 00:37:46,046 that's becoming unstoppable. 501 00:37:46,148 --> 00:37:47,681 With Carthage defeated, 502 00:37:47,783 --> 00:37:51,051 the Republic is free to conquer the Mediterranean. 503 00:37:51,153 --> 00:37:53,086 By 150 B.C., 504 00:37:53,188 --> 00:37:55,589 its borders stretch from Greece in the east 505 00:37:55,691 --> 00:37:57,491 to Hispania in the west. 506 00:37:59,862 --> 00:38:03,797 But as the barbarians continue to resist the Roman way of life, 507 00:38:03,866 --> 00:38:07,467 they learn the consequences of rebellion against the Republic. 508 00:38:09,104 --> 00:38:12,406 Those barbarians that had aligned themselves with the Carthaginians 509 00:38:12,474 --> 00:38:15,108 have to pay a price, and they're gonna pay a terrible price. 510 00:38:15,778 --> 00:38:18,545 Tribes that allied with Hannibal against Rome 511 00:38:18,614 --> 00:38:21,114 are the first to come under the sword. 512 00:38:21,617 --> 00:38:22,783 The Lusitanians, 513 00:38:23,419 --> 00:38:28,055 Celtic warriors of western Hispania are Rome's next target. 514 00:38:28,357 --> 00:38:31,358 The Roman action had to be so terrible, 515 00:38:31,427 --> 00:38:34,428 so cruel to dissuade, uh, 516 00:38:34,530 --> 00:38:38,665 the rest of the Spanish nation from resisting. 517 00:38:39,701 --> 00:38:42,402 Twenty-eight years after Hannibal's death, 518 00:38:42,504 --> 00:38:44,671 Rome invades western Hispania. 519 00:38:45,507 --> 00:38:48,008 Governor Servius Galba is granted authority 520 00:38:48,077 --> 00:38:51,078 to use force against the Lusitanians. 521 00:38:51,346 --> 00:38:53,380 But he does far more. 522 00:38:53,615 --> 00:38:57,284 Galba summons the tribes to hear the terms of a peace treaty. 523 00:38:57,352 --> 00:39:00,987 A deal that promises to resettle them to new lands. 524 00:39:01,457 --> 00:39:06,226 What follows is a brutal lesson in Roman diplomacy. 525 00:39:29,017 --> 00:39:30,083 Father! 526 00:39:30,185 --> 00:39:32,018 Viriathus! 527 00:41:05,331 --> 00:41:08,332 The barbarians of western Hispania are under siege 528 00:41:08,401 --> 00:41:11,435 as Rome invades their homeland 529 00:41:11,504 --> 00:41:13,504 seeking revenge for their part in Hannibal's war. 530 00:41:15,307 --> 00:41:17,808 Lured by the promise of peace, 531 00:41:17,877 --> 00:41:22,813 the Lusitanians instead become the latest victims of Roman treachery. 532 00:41:22,882 --> 00:41:25,015 He gathers them together and massacres them. 533 00:41:25,418 --> 00:41:27,351 Uh, it's an act of great brutality. 534 00:41:27,420 --> 00:41:29,153 It's an act of betrayal. 535 00:41:29,255 --> 00:41:32,790 And it shows how little respect he has for them. 536 00:41:32,892 --> 00:41:34,992 Thousands lie dead. 537 00:41:35,060 --> 00:41:36,860 The survivors are running for their lives. 538 00:41:49,308 --> 00:41:52,242 Among them is a shepherd named Viriathus. 539 00:42:08,794 --> 00:42:12,429 Thirty thousand are butchered or enslaved in Galba's massacre. 540 00:42:16,969 --> 00:42:19,102 The few Lusitanians who survive 541 00:42:19,171 --> 00:42:22,005 are hunted by Roman death squads. 542 00:42:22,074 --> 00:42:24,775 When a military force rounds up the women and children 543 00:42:24,877 --> 00:42:27,511 and eliminates the population 544 00:42:27,613 --> 00:42:30,447 or attempts to do so, that's genocide. 545 00:42:31,083 --> 00:42:35,385 Genocide can never be 100% effective. 546 00:42:35,454 --> 00:42:37,855 And if it isn't 100% effective, 547 00:42:37,923 --> 00:42:40,724 it will simply generate the desire for revenge. 548 00:42:42,194 --> 00:42:45,829 The overreaction of the oppressor to the oppressed, 549 00:42:45,931 --> 00:42:48,031 removes fear. 550 00:42:48,467 --> 00:42:50,133 When their back's against a wall, 551 00:42:50,536 --> 00:42:53,170 the oppressor removes all options. 552 00:42:53,472 --> 00:42:56,540 Then the poor lash out and they rebel. 553 00:43:08,187 --> 00:43:10,120 They promised new lands. 554 00:43:11,891 --> 00:43:13,824 Said the soil was rich. 555 00:43:16,095 --> 00:43:17,995 Yeah, it is... 556 00:43:19,565 --> 00:43:21,398 with Lusitanian blood. 557 00:43:25,404 --> 00:43:27,204 You cannot stay here. 558 00:43:28,741 --> 00:43:30,974 Galba's murder squads will return. 559 00:43:31,043 --> 00:43:34,645 But the children need food, water. 560 00:43:37,049 --> 00:43:39,082 Scavenge what you can from here. 561 00:43:41,587 --> 00:43:43,487 Use the cover of night. 562 00:43:44,490 --> 00:43:46,390 Keep to the low lands. 563 00:43:46,659 --> 00:43:48,392 You're coming with us? 564 00:43:52,765 --> 00:43:55,299 But we need you. You're a fighter. 565 00:44:00,873 --> 00:44:02,139 I am a shepherd. 566 00:44:06,245 --> 00:44:07,778 I'm no fighter. 567 00:44:09,381 --> 00:44:10,914 Yet you fight? 568 00:44:13,385 --> 00:44:15,552 Do as he says, Reburrus, go. 569 00:44:16,155 --> 00:44:17,154 Go! 570 00:44:26,699 --> 00:44:30,067 If you leave, these people will die. 571 00:44:31,437 --> 00:44:33,236 We all die, old man. 572 00:44:53,626 --> 00:44:55,425 We all die, shepherd, 573 00:44:56,395 --> 00:44:57,861 but not today, 574 00:44:58,697 --> 00:44:59,963 not here. 575 00:45:31,263 --> 00:45:32,996 Will he live, Tagus? 576 00:45:33,732 --> 00:45:34,898 He will. 577 00:45:35,901 --> 00:45:37,434 Only wish he hadn't. 578 00:45:43,375 --> 00:45:44,908 The Republic now occupies 579 00:45:45,010 --> 00:45:47,144 more than 100,000 square miles 580 00:45:47,246 --> 00:45:50,280 of barbarian territory in Hispania. 581 00:45:50,382 --> 00:45:53,316 Roman roads begin to cut across the landscape, 582 00:45:53,385 --> 00:45:55,085 part of the transportation network 583 00:45:55,187 --> 00:45:58,088 that ferries plundered resources back to Rome 584 00:45:58,190 --> 00:46:02,192 and carries death squads to put down any resistance. 585 00:46:03,462 --> 00:46:06,063 The Romans built forts, encampments. 586 00:46:06,165 --> 00:46:08,632 Establishing roads, lines of communications, 587 00:46:08,734 --> 00:46:12,602 buying supplies from the local population. 588 00:46:12,705 --> 00:46:16,306 That's what enables the transformation 589 00:46:16,375 --> 00:46:20,210 of a wilderness into a territory 590 00:46:40,499 --> 00:46:41,865 Isn't much. 591 00:46:49,775 --> 00:46:51,775 You need it more than me. 592 00:46:58,684 --> 00:47:01,184 Galba has these territories surrounded. 593 00:47:01,854 --> 00:47:03,820 We are prisoners in our own land. 594 00:47:05,657 --> 00:47:07,057 His men will return. 595 00:47:07,459 --> 00:47:08,859 They will not stop hunting us. 596 00:47:09,595 --> 00:47:12,863 We strike camp, move forward again today. 597 00:47:13,565 --> 00:47:14,865 Head for the mountains. 598 00:47:14,967 --> 00:47:16,933 We took what we could from the village. 599 00:47:17,035 --> 00:47:18,835 No food, no blankets. 600 00:47:18,937 --> 00:47:21,138 No tools, weapons. Nothing of use. 601 00:47:22,775 --> 00:47:24,541 These people will die, too, 602 00:47:25,043 --> 00:47:27,144 if we don't find food and shelter for them. 603 00:47:28,680 --> 00:47:29,913 Then don't go forward. 604 00:47:29,982 --> 00:47:33,049 Go back to Galba's killing field. 605 00:47:34,887 --> 00:47:37,154 Take what you can from the bodies. 606 00:47:37,256 --> 00:47:38,522 We can't! 607 00:47:41,693 --> 00:47:43,026 You must. 608 00:47:45,063 --> 00:47:46,329 We must. 609 00:48:29,708 --> 00:48:32,776 Did you find your wife and boy? 610 00:48:50,829 --> 00:48:52,929 Soldiers on the new road. 611 00:48:54,366 --> 00:48:57,834 Get them to the lowlands. Follow the river west. 612 00:48:57,936 --> 00:48:59,536 I will find you. 613 00:49:02,374 --> 00:49:03,540 Where are you going? 614 00:49:04,743 --> 00:49:05,842 Hunting. 615 00:49:20,241 --> 00:49:21,808 Barbarian tribes 616 00:49:21,910 --> 00:49:24,444 living on the borders of the Republic are thrown into chaos 617 00:49:24,546 --> 00:49:27,580 as the Roman killing machine descends on their lands. 618 00:49:28,350 --> 00:49:33,553 But Viriathus, a shepherd, decides to make a stand. 619 00:50:20,568 --> 00:50:23,202 Lusitania has a message for Galba. 620 00:50:37,719 --> 00:50:40,486 Viriathus' message to Rome is clear. 621 00:50:41,489 --> 00:50:43,723 Lusitania won't surrender without a fight. 622 00:51:02,010 --> 00:51:05,645 Get that bound again, and get some rest. 623 00:51:06,381 --> 00:51:07,547 We move on at first light. 624 00:51:07,649 --> 00:51:09,315 Is this what we've become? 625 00:51:10,552 --> 00:51:12,418 A nation of refugees? 626 00:51:12,921 --> 00:51:14,387 We must fight. 627 00:51:15,590 --> 00:51:19,659 If Rome wants this land, then let us bury them in it. 628 00:51:28,403 --> 00:51:31,604 The sources tell us that Viriathus was a shepherd. 629 00:51:32,507 --> 00:51:34,707 To survive as a shepherd, you had to be a bit of a bandit. 630 00:51:34,776 --> 00:51:37,210 You were out there in the mountains, you had to deal with wolves, 631 00:51:37,312 --> 00:51:40,646 uh, and other predators, and you often had to deal with real bandits. 632 00:51:41,883 --> 00:51:45,184 So I think that Viriathus has exactly the skills 633 00:51:45,253 --> 00:51:47,320 that the surviving Lusitanians desperately need 634 00:51:47,422 --> 00:51:49,789 in order to continue the resistance against Rome. 635 00:51:50,892 --> 00:51:54,160 Viriathus begins to transform his band of survivors 636 00:51:54,262 --> 00:51:57,096 into an organized resistance. 637 00:51:57,165 --> 00:51:59,098 They use the forest as cover 638 00:51:59,167 --> 00:52:02,602 to launch small-scale raids and escape undetected. 639 00:52:04,239 --> 00:52:07,807 Viriathus knew very well how to attack and retreat. 640 00:52:08,243 --> 00:52:09,742 And run away. 641 00:52:09,811 --> 00:52:12,812 This can be converted very easily 642 00:52:12,881 --> 00:52:16,749 into a very effective military action. 643 00:52:16,851 --> 00:52:19,819 This is what we call today guerilla warfare. 644 00:52:21,623 --> 00:52:24,757 It's perhaps the most ancient form of warfare, 645 00:52:24,859 --> 00:52:27,326 revived and rebooted to play to the strengths 646 00:52:27,428 --> 00:52:29,729 of the outnumbered and under-equipped tribes 647 00:52:29,797 --> 00:52:31,697 fighting for their freedom. 648 00:52:37,906 --> 00:52:39,505 The enemy was invisible. 649 00:52:39,607 --> 00:52:41,741 It would attack and disappear. 650 00:52:41,809 --> 00:52:43,276 Hit and run. 651 00:52:45,547 --> 00:52:47,880 He's going to their very psyche. 652 00:52:48,716 --> 00:52:50,082 He wants to create the impression 653 00:52:50,184 --> 00:52:52,919 that the Romans are not operating in friendly territory. 654 00:52:54,155 --> 00:52:57,590 This will become the signature weapon of the barbarian resistance 655 00:52:57,692 --> 00:52:59,525 in the battles to come. 656 00:52:59,627 --> 00:53:04,463 And in Lusitania, it's a strategy that catches the Romans off guard. 657 00:53:05,633 --> 00:53:08,367 Viriathus starts to build a name for himself, 658 00:53:08,469 --> 00:53:10,603 and Rome takes notice. 659 00:53:11,439 --> 00:53:13,139 A rebellion is like a virus. 660 00:53:13,241 --> 00:53:15,207 You know, if you can get it right when it starts, 661 00:53:15,276 --> 00:53:16,709 when it's in its infancy, 662 00:53:16,811 --> 00:53:18,744 you have a good chance of eradicating it. 663 00:53:18,846 --> 00:53:20,980 But if you ignore it or you allow it to grow, 664 00:53:21,082 --> 00:53:22,615 it's gonna continue to spread 665 00:53:22,717 --> 00:53:26,118 until it reaches a point where you can't handle it. 666 00:53:36,631 --> 00:53:38,030 Who is this Viriathus? 667 00:53:39,367 --> 00:53:40,666 This ghost? 668 00:53:45,907 --> 00:53:48,941 And still the sound of silence is deafening. 669 00:54:05,660 --> 00:54:08,127 Three years into Viriathus' rebellion, 670 00:54:08,229 --> 00:54:10,663 Rome appoints a new commander. 671 00:54:13,001 --> 00:54:16,202 Gaius Vitellius is Galba's former enforcer. 672 00:54:17,472 --> 00:54:22,041 He's handed control of Lusitania with one simple mission, 673 00:54:22,143 --> 00:54:24,043 end the barbarian uprising. 674 00:54:32,320 --> 00:54:34,420 You're the last of your people. 675 00:54:35,390 --> 00:54:37,456 Tell me where I can find Viriathus, 676 00:54:37,558 --> 00:54:38,958 and I will let you go. 677 00:54:51,706 --> 00:54:55,608 We take their weapons, we take their land, 678 00:54:55,710 --> 00:54:59,145 we take their lives, and still they fight back. 679 00:54:59,881 --> 00:55:01,480 They are a proud people. 680 00:55:01,716 --> 00:55:04,016 Then we will take their pride. 681 00:55:04,085 --> 00:55:05,851 Let the men have him. 682 00:55:05,953 --> 00:55:08,521 When they've finished, cut off his sword-hand and let him go. 683 00:55:08,990 --> 00:55:11,023 If Viriathus unites the tribes? 684 00:55:11,125 --> 00:55:13,325 I cannot go back to Rome without the head of Viriathus. 685 00:55:13,428 --> 00:55:14,727 The head of your ghost, sir? 686 00:55:15,129 --> 00:55:16,662 We don't even know who he is. 687 00:55:16,764 --> 00:55:18,264 Someone does, Marcus. 688 00:55:18,766 --> 00:55:22,601 And I will find him, and hunt that bastard to the edge of the earth. 689 00:56:02,276 --> 00:56:03,743 You do not need to fear us. 690 00:56:04,378 --> 00:56:05,644 We're not bandits. 691 00:56:10,985 --> 00:56:12,451 It's what they've made us become. 692 00:56:12,987 --> 00:56:14,186 Scavengers? 693 00:56:14,789 --> 00:56:15,788 Survivors. 694 00:56:17,725 --> 00:56:21,026 My name is... Viriathus, the shepherd. 695 00:56:22,563 --> 00:56:24,363 And you are? 696 00:56:24,632 --> 00:56:26,799 Ditalicus, last of the Igeditani. 697 00:56:28,369 --> 00:56:29,568 The others? 698 00:56:30,071 --> 00:56:31,670 There are no others. 699 00:56:32,473 --> 00:56:36,542 Gaius Vitellius, there were repercussions. 700 00:56:38,746 --> 00:56:40,079 From what? 701 00:56:41,449 --> 00:56:45,017 From your so-called rebellion. 702 00:56:45,119 --> 00:56:46,986 Something we see again and again in Roman history 703 00:56:47,088 --> 00:56:49,889 is the tremendous dilemma that faces rebels. 704 00:56:49,991 --> 00:56:52,558 Every success against the Romans will lead to a reprisal. 705 00:56:52,660 --> 00:56:56,095 Every victory will lead to bloodshed on the part of the innocents. 706 00:56:56,197 --> 00:57:07,306 So, those fighting against Rome face a paradox. 707 00:57:07,408 --> 00:57:11,143 I am responsible for the massacre of his tribe. 708 00:57:13,848 --> 00:57:16,315 Vitellius has murdered his people, not you. 709 00:57:17,685 --> 00:57:19,018 My actions. 710 00:57:19,487 --> 00:57:21,687 How many more people has your rebellion saved? 711 00:57:22,957 --> 00:57:24,223 It is a path that Rome 712 00:57:24,325 --> 00:57:26,425 has forced you to walk, Viriathus. 713 00:57:27,328 --> 00:57:31,664 And there will be more Lusitanian blood on your hands before this is over. 714 00:57:39,140 --> 00:57:40,706 Despite the danger, 715 00:57:40,775 --> 00:57:43,742 Viriathus must convince new allies to join him 716 00:57:43,845 --> 00:57:44,877 to keep the fight going. 717 00:57:47,381 --> 00:57:52,585 The oppressed must never surrender to suppression. 718 00:57:53,054 --> 00:57:54,720 They must resist. 719 00:57:55,223 --> 00:57:56,622 And that becomes a great temptation 720 00:57:56,691 --> 00:57:59,225 when you become weary and tired. 721 00:57:59,327 --> 00:58:01,260 "Maybe we can't win." 722 00:58:01,329 --> 00:58:02,361 And that's where leadership 723 00:58:02,430 --> 00:58:04,263 has to merge against all these odds. 724 00:58:05,066 --> 00:58:07,233 "Yes we can, we will, we must." 725 00:58:10,171 --> 00:58:12,538 I know what many of you think of this fight. 726 00:58:12,607 --> 00:58:13,939 This war. 727 00:58:14,242 --> 00:58:18,344 I do not want war. I do not crave it, but we need war. 728 00:58:19,146 --> 00:58:20,880 We cannot stop what is coming. 729 00:58:21,716 --> 00:58:23,148 We cannot hide any longer. 730 00:58:23,784 --> 00:58:28,654 We cannot run or watch as our people starve at the hands of Rome. 731 00:58:28,723 --> 00:58:33,626 Do nothing as our children die, as Lusitania dies. 732 00:58:35,329 --> 00:58:37,897 So I stand here asking you to fight, 733 00:58:37,999 --> 00:58:39,999 not for me, but with me. 734 00:58:40,902 --> 00:58:42,268 Look at us. 735 00:58:44,171 --> 00:58:46,272 We are an army of refugees. 736 00:58:46,741 --> 00:58:49,375 How are we supposed to take on the entire Roman Army 737 00:58:49,443 --> 00:58:51,911 with a handful of weapons between us? 738 00:58:52,880 --> 00:58:56,448 If we fight Romans like Romans, we will fail, 739 00:58:56,550 --> 00:58:58,918 so we must fight them as Lusitanians. 740 00:58:59,921 --> 00:59:02,187 Without our fathers' swords? 741 00:59:03,291 --> 00:59:06,191 Yes, they took our fathers' swords, 742 00:59:07,094 --> 00:59:09,261 but we still have their weapons. 743 00:59:09,830 --> 00:59:12,932 The weapons our fathers left us are here 744 00:59:14,201 --> 00:59:15,501 and here. 745 00:59:15,836 --> 00:59:17,436 We know this land. 746 00:59:17,838 --> 00:59:20,205 This terrain, it is in our blood. 747 00:59:22,009 --> 00:59:23,742 Rome took our blades, 748 00:59:24,378 --> 00:59:27,179 but we still have the most precious weapon of all. 749 00:59:29,800 --> 00:59:31,166 The barbarians of ancient Hispania 750 00:59:31,268 --> 00:59:32,434 have defended their homeland 751 00:59:32,536 --> 00:59:35,070 against invasion for hundreds of years. 752 00:59:36,974 --> 00:59:40,409 But Rome is unlike any enemy they have faced before. 753 00:59:41,979 --> 00:59:45,714 In Lusitania, Vitellius cracks down on the population 754 00:59:45,816 --> 00:59:47,549 in order to crush their rebellion 755 00:59:47,651 --> 00:59:51,887 and flush out its leader, Viriathus. 756 00:59:51,989 --> 00:59:53,889 He intensifies weapons collections, 757 00:59:54,358 --> 00:59:55,791 tortures captives 758 00:59:55,893 --> 00:59:59,328 and hunts down refugees in hiding. 759 01:00:00,431 --> 01:00:03,465 For Vitellius, the pressure is enormous. 760 01:00:04,535 --> 01:00:06,168 He has no alternative. 761 01:00:06,270 --> 01:00:09,071 There is only one acceptable outcome. 762 01:00:09,173 --> 01:00:13,208 And that is, he returns with the head of Viriathus. 763 01:00:14,578 --> 01:00:19,014 But despite the danger, survivors flock to the rebel cause. 764 01:00:20,484 --> 01:00:23,352 The Romans expected that the Lusitanians would give up, terrified. 765 01:00:23,454 --> 01:00:25,554 Instead, it was the opposite. 766 01:00:25,656 --> 01:00:27,389 They were eager for revenge. 767 01:00:28,359 --> 01:00:30,793 With followers now numbering 10,000, 768 01:00:30,895 --> 01:00:34,897 Viriathus escalates his guerrilla raids on the Roman occupiers. 769 01:00:37,201 --> 01:00:39,067 Viriathus seems always to be 770 01:00:39,170 --> 01:00:41,970 one step ahead of Vitellius, one step ahead of the Romans. 771 01:00:42,573 --> 01:00:43,605 He's a natural at this. 772 01:00:43,674 --> 01:00:44,973 He's been trained 773 01:00:45,042 --> 01:00:46,108 in dealing with the countryside 774 01:00:46,210 --> 01:00:48,043 and living off the land his whole life. 775 01:00:49,213 --> 01:00:51,313 Viriathus is putting in motion a plan 776 01:00:51,415 --> 01:00:53,615 to deliver Rome a death blow. 777 01:00:53,951 --> 01:00:57,853 But success depends on his ability to evade Vitellius, 778 01:00:57,955 --> 01:01:00,489 who has now launched a full-scale manhunt 779 01:01:00,591 --> 01:01:02,191 to find the rebel leader. 780 01:01:19,410 --> 01:01:20,876 And he calls us barbarians. 781 01:01:23,514 --> 01:01:25,147 Is what we've done any better? 782 01:01:38,963 --> 01:01:41,530 There are more hidden throughout the village. 783 01:01:52,309 --> 01:01:54,910 Vitellius chases Viriathus for months, 784 01:01:54,979 --> 01:01:57,713 but is outsmarted at every turn. 785 01:01:58,949 --> 01:02:00,182 When they're chasing a fugitive or an escapee 786 01:02:00,251 --> 01:02:01,817 and they're in their own backyard, 787 01:02:01,886 --> 01:02:03,986 you know, from our perspective, it's like chasing a ghost, 788 01:02:04,088 --> 01:02:05,787 I mean, these guys, they disappear, 789 01:02:05,890 --> 01:02:07,789 they get help from people on the outside, 790 01:02:07,892 --> 01:02:09,091 they know the environment, 791 01:02:09,159 --> 01:02:11,426 they certainly know, you know, their own backyards 792 01:02:11,529 --> 01:02:13,161 and where they feel comfortable in hiding. 793 01:02:15,065 --> 01:02:18,634 Bribes of food and shelter fail to entice the barbarians 794 01:02:18,702 --> 01:02:21,136 to betray their leader. 795 01:02:21,238 --> 01:02:23,138 Brutality also fails. 796 01:02:24,508 --> 01:02:29,278 Vitellius changes tactics and offers the refugees a chance at peace. 797 01:02:30,447 --> 01:02:32,681 He travels from camp to camp to spread the word. 798 01:03:02,079 --> 01:03:03,111 And you are? 799 01:03:12,890 --> 01:03:17,726 Gaius Vitellius, Praetor of Hispania Ulterior. 800 01:03:17,828 --> 01:03:19,928 Supreme authority in these lands. 801 01:03:21,098 --> 01:03:22,364 And you? 802 01:03:26,854 --> 01:03:29,555 Rome's aggressive expansion provokes an uprising 803 01:03:29,657 --> 01:03:31,290 in the Lusitanians' homeland. 804 01:03:32,660 --> 01:03:34,293 Deep in the forest, 805 01:03:34,395 --> 01:03:37,129 Viriathus comes face to face with the man 806 01:03:37,198 --> 01:03:39,165 who has been chasing him for four years. 807 01:03:40,735 --> 01:03:45,504 If he's identified, it will mean the end of the barbarian rebellion 808 01:03:45,573 --> 01:03:47,773 and of the Lusitanian people. 809 01:03:48,309 --> 01:03:49,375 And you are? 810 01:03:53,815 --> 01:03:58,317 Gaius Vitellius, Praetor of Hispania Ulterior. 811 01:03:58,853 --> 01:04:00,553 Supreme authority in these lands. 812 01:04:02,223 --> 01:04:03,489 And you? 813 01:04:07,562 --> 01:04:08,928 A shepherd. 814 01:04:09,764 --> 01:04:11,197 A Lusitanian. 815 01:04:12,100 --> 01:04:13,332 And a poacher? 816 01:04:14,035 --> 01:04:15,601 A free man. 817 01:04:17,672 --> 01:04:19,038 A shepherd? 818 01:04:19,941 --> 01:04:20,940 And yet... 819 01:04:22,844 --> 01:04:24,477 You lead these people? 820 01:04:28,416 --> 01:04:30,216 I do not lead these people. 821 01:04:31,886 --> 01:04:33,986 You may need to tell them that, shepherd. 822 01:04:37,959 --> 01:04:39,692 What do you want, Roman? 823 01:04:41,295 --> 01:04:43,662 I can grant these people, 824 01:04:43,764 --> 01:04:44,763 your people, 825 01:04:45,133 --> 01:04:46,599 lands in our territories. 826 01:04:47,802 --> 01:04:49,735 They are not your lands to give. 827 01:04:50,071 --> 01:04:54,106 Galba murdered our families, he stole the land from us. 828 01:04:54,208 --> 01:04:57,176 Praetor Galba is no longer in charge. 829 01:04:58,045 --> 01:04:59,178 I am. 830 01:05:00,214 --> 01:05:02,214 And now I'm offering the lands back. 831 01:05:02,316 --> 01:05:03,349 At what cost? 832 01:05:03,985 --> 01:05:05,151 Silver. 833 01:05:06,154 --> 01:05:07,253 Iron. 834 01:05:09,056 --> 01:05:11,457 Whatever these lands can provide. 835 01:05:13,961 --> 01:05:16,695 The Republic is expanding. It needs grain. 836 01:05:17,431 --> 01:05:19,732 To feed the army that comes to kill us. 837 01:05:19,800 --> 01:05:21,534 War is an expensive business. 838 01:05:22,236 --> 01:05:25,938 We require your people to farm the lands again. 839 01:05:26,007 --> 01:05:27,673 And the Republic will take a small tax. 840 01:05:28,009 --> 01:05:29,074 These are our lands. 841 01:05:29,177 --> 01:05:30,809 These are Rome's lands now. 842 01:05:31,612 --> 01:05:32,611 You have a choice. 843 01:05:34,282 --> 01:05:38,450 Stay in these camps and watch your nation 844 01:05:39,153 --> 01:05:40,920 and your people die. 845 01:05:42,890 --> 01:05:47,092 Or take my offer and live again. 846 01:05:48,062 --> 01:05:49,895 Speak with the other tribes, 847 01:05:50,831 --> 01:05:52,998 many of them have already agreed the terms. 848 01:05:54,635 --> 01:05:56,435 You have until dawn to decide. 849 01:06:00,007 --> 01:06:01,540 And if we do not? 850 01:06:06,847 --> 01:06:08,480 You have until dawn. 851 01:06:25,166 --> 01:06:26,565 Ditalicus led them here. 852 01:06:27,201 --> 01:06:28,200 I saw him. 853 01:06:46,120 --> 01:06:48,654 You've endangered us all bringing them here. 854 01:06:48,756 --> 01:06:50,956 No more than you do attacking them. 855 01:06:51,025 --> 01:06:52,758 You've heard them, Viriathus, they offer... 856 01:06:52,860 --> 01:06:53,993 They offer death! 857 01:06:54,095 --> 01:06:55,327 We are already dying. 858 01:06:55,596 --> 01:06:56,996 They offer life. 859 01:06:57,098 --> 01:06:59,598 They bring more food than can be said for your... 860 01:07:00,601 --> 01:07:01,834 My what? 861 01:07:03,004 --> 01:07:04,336 ...rebellion. 862 01:07:04,772 --> 01:07:06,171 I fight for these people. 863 01:07:06,240 --> 01:07:10,342 These people follow you because they are lost! 864 01:07:10,411 --> 01:07:13,012 They are not soldiers. 865 01:07:13,114 --> 01:07:15,681 We cannot win this war. You cannot win this fight! 866 01:07:17,518 --> 01:07:20,219 Are you going to kill me for speaking the truth? 867 01:07:21,222 --> 01:07:22,955 You are more Roman than they are. 868 01:07:26,327 --> 01:07:28,360 I know Gaius Vitellius cannot be trusted. 869 01:07:28,429 --> 01:07:32,064 But what they offer us is survival for our people. 870 01:07:32,166 --> 01:07:33,799 They offer us nothing. 871 01:07:34,702 --> 01:07:37,036 These lands are our birthright, 872 01:07:37,138 --> 01:07:38,704 yet Rome takes them. 873 01:07:38,806 --> 01:07:42,141 They murder our people, our traditions, our culture. 874 01:07:43,711 --> 01:07:47,246 This fight is a fight for our freedom. 875 01:07:48,783 --> 01:07:50,616 You say you don't believe in this rebellion, 876 01:07:51,886 --> 01:07:54,353 yet you did not tell Gaius Vitellius my name? 877 01:07:56,157 --> 01:07:58,691 He would have slaughtered us all. 878 01:08:03,798 --> 01:08:05,264 You do as you must, 879 01:08:06,967 --> 01:08:09,001 but I will make no deal with Rome. 880 01:08:20,981 --> 01:08:23,048 Gaius Vitellius wants an answer by dawn, 881 01:08:23,551 --> 01:08:25,217 we will give him one. 882 01:08:44,372 --> 01:08:46,638 I have a message for Vitellius. 883 01:08:47,241 --> 01:08:50,008 This was my father's. 884 01:08:50,378 --> 01:08:52,444 As long as that bastard lives or breathes, 885 01:08:53,114 --> 01:08:56,815 this is the last silver he will take from these lands. 886 01:08:58,185 --> 01:09:00,119 There is a fire coming. 887 01:09:05,926 --> 01:09:06,925 Who are you? 888 01:09:10,297 --> 01:09:12,931 Viriathus, the shepherd. 889 01:09:16,953 --> 01:09:19,654 The barbarians' battle for control of the ancient world 890 01:09:19,756 --> 01:09:20,889 rages on in western Hispania. 891 01:09:22,459 --> 01:09:25,326 Where after four years of fighting in the shadows, 892 01:09:25,429 --> 01:09:27,262 the rebel leader Viriathus, 893 01:09:27,364 --> 01:09:31,499 has finally revealed himself to the Roman who is out for his head. 894 01:09:35,972 --> 01:09:37,505 Crude, isn't it? 895 01:09:40,844 --> 01:09:43,478 The shepherd is my ghost. 896 01:09:46,383 --> 01:09:48,049 And you allowed him to escape. 897 01:09:49,419 --> 01:09:50,952 We will hit their camp at first light. 898 01:09:51,054 --> 01:09:52,754 That camp is already gone. 899 01:09:53,557 --> 01:09:55,190 I want you to double my guard. 900 01:09:55,559 --> 01:09:57,125 Burn every refugee camp... 901 01:09:57,227 --> 01:09:59,094 But many will be camps we've made deals with. We can't just... 902 01:10:00,664 --> 01:10:03,565 I'm renegotiating our terms! 903 01:10:03,667 --> 01:10:04,699 We will burn them anyway. 904 01:10:05,635 --> 01:10:07,135 Send word to Rome. 905 01:10:12,075 --> 01:10:13,541 If Viriathus wants a war of fire... 906 01:10:16,413 --> 01:10:17,979 I shall give him one. 907 01:10:21,218 --> 01:10:24,686 With the elusive barbarian leader finally revealed, 908 01:10:24,788 --> 01:10:29,958 Vitellius raises two legions, as many as 10,000 men, to hunt him down. 909 01:10:31,795 --> 01:10:34,729 The Romans are playing right into Viriathus' hands. 910 01:10:35,832 --> 01:10:37,899 He's planned a full-scale assault 911 01:10:38,001 --> 01:10:39,734 designed to give his fighters the advantage 912 01:10:39,836 --> 01:10:41,736 against Rome's superior numbers. 913 01:10:42,739 --> 01:10:46,274 It's an evolution of the barbarian's guerilla war. 914 01:10:46,376 --> 01:10:48,376 The campaign's reached a crucial point now, 915 01:10:48,478 --> 01:10:50,645 and Viriathus wants to end this. 916 01:10:50,747 --> 01:10:53,181 To annihilate his enemy is basically the way that he thinks 917 01:10:53,283 --> 01:10:54,315 is the best to go forward. 918 01:10:55,018 --> 01:10:56,651 The paradox of guerilla warfare 919 01:10:56,753 --> 01:10:58,520 is that you can cause the enemy great pain, 920 01:10:59,322 --> 01:11:02,123 but you can't win a war with simply guerilla tactics. 921 01:11:02,225 --> 01:11:04,058 At a certain point, you have to switch over, 922 01:11:04,161 --> 01:11:05,560 and put everything on the line 923 01:11:05,662 --> 01:11:07,395 and risk everything in a big engagement. 924 01:11:09,432 --> 01:11:13,301 The Lusitanians won't face Rome on an open battlefield 925 01:11:13,403 --> 01:11:15,270 or in small lightning raids. 926 01:11:15,372 --> 01:11:20,608 Instead, Viriathus engineers a series of coordinated guerilla attacks, 927 01:11:20,710 --> 01:11:22,911 using the natural terrain as a gauntlet 928 01:11:23,013 --> 01:11:25,713 that will give Rome no escape. 929 01:12:02,052 --> 01:12:04,419 This is the third camp. Nothing. 930 01:12:04,754 --> 01:12:06,921 Tracks lead off in every direction. 931 01:12:08,892 --> 01:12:10,858 The shepherd gathers his flock. 932 01:12:10,961 --> 01:12:13,194 There has been another Viriathus ambush. 933 01:12:14,030 --> 01:12:17,465 Only one guard dead, the rest, they maimed. 934 01:12:20,270 --> 01:12:21,936 He pushes me, Marcus. 935 01:12:22,772 --> 01:12:25,106 He's evaded us for all these years and now he shows himself. 936 01:12:25,842 --> 01:12:26,908 Why? 937 01:12:28,278 --> 01:12:29,877 He's trying to distract me. 938 01:12:31,181 --> 01:12:33,214 What is it he doesn't want me to see? 939 01:12:37,220 --> 01:12:39,320 The warrior shepherd and his guerrilla army 940 01:12:39,422 --> 01:12:44,659 draws Vitellius and his force of 10,000 legionaries deeper into the forest. 941 01:12:47,864 --> 01:12:50,498 He aims to spread the Roman line thin, 942 01:12:50,600 --> 01:12:54,335 like a snake winding through the ravines and gullies. 943 01:12:54,437 --> 01:12:56,704 Viriathus will target the head. 944 01:12:57,707 --> 01:13:02,577 And 9,000 barbarian allies will push the tail towards a deadfall, 945 01:13:02,679 --> 01:13:04,912 over the edge of a high cliff. 946 01:13:05,782 --> 01:13:08,916 The plan depends on Vitellius taking the bait 947 01:13:09,019 --> 01:13:12,920 and chasing Viriathus without let up. 948 01:13:29,973 --> 01:13:31,906 Viriathus let you live? 949 01:13:32,976 --> 01:13:34,075 Why? 950 01:13:35,211 --> 01:13:36,778 I do not fear death. 951 01:13:38,014 --> 01:13:39,547 Perhaps you should. 952 01:13:41,651 --> 01:13:43,117 Where is my ghost? 953 01:13:45,155 --> 01:13:46,554 Where is Viriathus? 954 01:13:47,724 --> 01:13:49,457 He runs for Tribola. 955 01:13:50,460 --> 01:13:51,959 The mountains. 956 01:13:52,762 --> 01:13:53,761 Where? 957 01:13:54,397 --> 01:13:58,599 I don't know, but he knows you will follow. 958 01:14:00,904 --> 01:14:02,737 If this is true. If... 959 01:14:03,640 --> 01:14:07,909 If this is true, Viriathus will be forced into the open. 960 01:14:09,279 --> 01:14:11,145 We will lead both legions on Tribola. 961 01:14:11,948 --> 01:14:15,450 Crush the insurgence before he can unite any remaining tribes. 962 01:14:15,719 --> 01:14:17,318 Viriathus is no fool. 963 01:14:17,821 --> 01:14:20,922 Even he would not lead his men against an army of 10,000. 964 01:14:21,758 --> 01:14:25,026 You will lead the advance party, lure him out. 965 01:14:25,862 --> 01:14:27,795 The legions will back up our rear. 966 01:14:28,465 --> 01:14:29,497 And Ditalicus, 967 01:14:31,134 --> 01:14:32,533 shall I kill him? 968 01:14:35,672 --> 01:14:36,704 No, 969 01:14:38,475 --> 01:14:39,707 he may be of some use. 970 01:14:41,044 --> 01:14:43,277 Set him free. 971 01:14:43,613 --> 01:14:44,679 Forward! 972 01:14:58,895 --> 01:14:59,961 Formations! 973 01:15:00,697 --> 01:15:01,729 Formations! 974 01:15:04,467 --> 01:15:05,733 We cannot wait for the legion. 975 01:15:05,835 --> 01:15:06,834 We must take the auxillia! 976 01:15:07,404 --> 01:15:08,970 Hunt that bastard down! 977 01:16:00,657 --> 01:16:02,423 Stay together! 978 01:16:15,271 --> 01:16:19,407 Vitellius leads his men directly into a narrow gully... 979 01:16:19,509 --> 01:16:22,410 The Roman forces are stretched into a thin line, 980 01:16:22,512 --> 01:16:27,448 two miles long, on the edge of a deadly ravine. 981 01:16:27,550 --> 01:16:29,550 Nine thousand barbarian warriors 982 01:16:29,652 --> 01:16:31,552 are poised to descend from the forest 983 01:16:31,654 --> 01:16:41,496 and push the Roman line into the abyss. 984 01:16:41,598 --> 01:16:42,980 Formations! 985 01:16:45,685 --> 01:16:47,152 In western Hispania, 986 01:16:47,220 --> 01:16:49,220 Viriathus and his barbarian rebels 987 01:16:49,322 --> 01:16:52,424 launch a coordinated guerrilla attack against the Roman legions 988 01:16:52,492 --> 01:16:54,759 that have brutalized them for four long years. 989 01:16:56,196 --> 01:17:00,365 It is the most ambitious battle plan they've ever attempted. 990 01:17:03,303 --> 01:17:04,402 Formations! 991 01:17:04,504 --> 01:17:05,770 Testudo! Testudo! 992 01:17:06,006 --> 01:17:08,239 The barbarian attack descends from the hills, 993 01:17:09,142 --> 01:17:12,777 pushing the Roman legions back towards the edge of a deadly cliff. 994 01:18:39,900 --> 01:18:41,199 Have you come for this? 995 01:18:42,836 --> 01:18:43,902 No. 996 01:18:44,104 --> 01:18:45,336 Keep it. 997 01:18:45,438 --> 01:18:47,372 My father took that from a dead Roman at Zama. 998 01:19:25,178 --> 01:19:27,078 Rome will pour men onto this land 999 01:19:28,281 --> 01:19:31,416 until ever corner of every field 1000 01:19:31,651 --> 01:19:33,718 is ripped from your hands. 1001 01:19:34,821 --> 01:19:35,920 Let them come. 1002 01:19:36,556 --> 01:19:40,658 For it is Rome who have united us, and we will not be defeated. 1003 01:19:42,495 --> 01:19:44,095 Rome will never fear you... 1004 01:19:45,498 --> 01:19:47,031 shepherd! 1005 01:19:51,938 --> 01:19:54,439 It is not I they should fear, 1006 01:19:54,541 --> 01:19:56,007 but the generations to come. 1007 01:20:34,981 --> 01:20:37,015 Viriathus and his guerilla army 1008 01:20:37,117 --> 01:20:39,684 slaughter 4,000 Romans in the Battle of Tribola. 1009 01:20:40,687 --> 01:20:42,687 Thousands more are wounded. 1010 01:20:44,257 --> 01:20:48,626 Viriathus' ambush at Tribola is a great shock to the Romans 1011 01:20:48,695 --> 01:20:50,962 and it's a great achievement for him and his army. 1012 01:20:52,332 --> 01:20:54,732 Lusitania became 1013 01:20:54,801 --> 01:20:55,867 the Roman Empire's Vietnam. 1014 01:20:55,969 --> 01:20:58,002 Formations! Testudo! Testudo! 1015 01:20:58,405 --> 01:21:01,372 They were on an unknown environment, 1016 01:21:01,441 --> 01:21:03,441 unknown landscape, 1017 01:21:03,543 --> 01:21:06,077 unknown way of fighting. 1018 01:21:06,179 --> 01:21:07,712 This defeat of the Romans 1019 01:21:07,814 --> 01:21:11,883 at the hands of what were effectively a small bandit nation, 1020 01:21:11,985 --> 01:21:13,785 sends a message to the rest of the communities there 1021 01:21:13,887 --> 01:21:15,620 that they can make it on their own. 1022 01:21:17,357 --> 01:21:21,059 The barbarians hold the upper hand for the next eight years. 1023 01:21:21,628 --> 01:21:24,962 Being a successful guerilla warrior is like walking a tightrope. 1024 01:21:25,065 --> 01:21:27,665 You know that it's very difficult to keep your balance, 1025 01:21:27,734 --> 01:21:29,667 and you know how easy it is for the enemy 1026 01:21:29,736 --> 01:21:31,502 to get to you and how vulnerable you are. 1027 01:21:33,506 --> 01:21:37,041 Viriathus understood that he couldn't keep fighting against Rome forever, 1028 01:21:37,143 --> 01:21:39,344 and that's why he eventually decides to seek peace terms. 1029 01:21:40,513 --> 01:21:43,147 But Viriathus makes a fatal error. 1030 01:21:43,249 --> 01:21:46,317 The Republic cannot be trusted to make peace deals. 1031 01:21:46,419 --> 01:21:50,021 Using gold plundered from Lusitania, 1032 01:21:50,090 --> 01:21:54,058 Rome bribes Viriathus' own men to betray their leader. 1033 01:21:55,362 --> 01:21:57,161 Eight years after his victory at Tribola, 1034 01:21:58,698 --> 01:22:00,064 he's assassinated. 1035 01:22:03,336 --> 01:22:08,639 Lusitania falls to Rome less than a year after his death. 1036 01:22:08,742 --> 01:22:10,475 The Republic seizes control 1037 01:22:10,577 --> 01:22:13,578 of all of the trade routes across the Mediterranean. 1038 01:22:13,646 --> 01:22:16,981 It's now the unrivalled superpower of the ancient world. 1039 01:22:19,819 --> 01:22:23,187 Rome uses the riches it plunders from across the continent 1040 01:22:23,289 --> 01:22:25,356 to build its wealth and influence, 1041 01:22:25,458 --> 01:22:27,792 while it slaughters and enslaves 1042 01:22:27,894 --> 01:22:29,660 the barbarians in its path. 1043 01:22:32,198 --> 01:22:35,833 The tactics that Viriathus used to defeat the Romans, 1044 01:22:35,935 --> 01:22:39,904 these guerrilla tactics, this mobile nature, the hit and run, 1045 01:22:40,006 --> 01:22:42,573 is something that will become part of the way 1046 01:22:42,642 --> 01:22:45,943 that the barbarians take on the Romans in the future. 1047 01:22:47,680 --> 01:22:50,415 But every time the barbarians rise, 1048 01:22:50,483 --> 01:22:52,683 it chips away at Roman power. 1049 01:22:53,420 --> 01:22:55,319 Freedom is inevitable. 1050 01:22:56,489 --> 01:22:58,656 The arc is long, the journey's long, 1051 01:22:58,758 --> 01:23:00,458 but it bends towards freedom. 1052 01:23:03,763 --> 01:23:06,564 Next time on Barbarians Rising... 1053 01:23:10,937 --> 01:23:12,069 You will regret making enemies of us! 1054 01:23:15,508 --> 01:23:18,843 From today, we cease to do Rome's bidding. 1055 01:23:19,479 --> 01:23:23,147 From today, we go to war with Rome. 1056 01:23:24,584 --> 01:23:27,752 I have something you have never known, freedom. 1057 01:23:31,791 --> 01:23:32,890 They don't need to respect me, 1058 01:23:33,860 --> 01:23:35,059 they need to fear me. 1059 01:23:37,397 --> 01:23:38,763 We're no longer the underdogs. 1060 01:23:40,166 --> 01:23:41,232 We're the rising power. 1061 01:23:47,807 --> 01:23:49,707 Nothing can save you now. 1062 01:23:49,809 --> 01:23:50,775 OO C1 83637

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