Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:00,868 --> 00:00:03,202
Hard today
to imagine a world without
2
00:00:03,270 --> 00:00:06,805
smartphones
or jet planes or...
3
00:00:06,874 --> 00:00:08,507
fidget spinners.
4
00:00:08,576 --> 00:00:11,276
Yet the change and innovation at
the turn of the last century
5
00:00:11,345 --> 00:00:14,213
set the stage for
the marvels of the modern era.
6
00:00:14,281 --> 00:00:16,482
One of the most important
technological achievements
7
00:00:16,550 --> 00:00:19,651
of the early 1900s
was the Panama Canal,
8
00:00:19,720 --> 00:00:22,755
whose construction was driven by
the peerless will of
9
00:00:22,823 --> 00:00:24,623
President Theodore Roosevelt.
10
00:00:24,692 --> 00:00:26,925
I shall build
a spectacular waterway
11
00:00:26,994 --> 00:00:28,994
through impenetrable mountains
and jungle!
12
00:00:30,398 --> 00:00:34,566
We shall join
two great oceans into one!
13
00:00:34,635 --> 00:00:38,203
A man, a plan,
a canal, Panama.
14
00:00:38,272 --> 00:00:39,204
(Adam)
Ooh!
15
00:00:39,273 --> 00:00:40,472
I love palindromes!
16
00:00:40,541 --> 00:00:41,640
Who said that?
17
00:00:41,709 --> 00:00:43,609
Madam, I'm Adam!
18
00:00:43,677 --> 00:00:44,710
(sighing)
19
00:00:44,779 --> 00:00:46,145
Yes, I remember you.
20
00:00:46,213 --> 00:00:47,613
Please don't call me "madam."
21
00:00:47,681 --> 00:00:49,281
Sorry, I stand corrected!
22
00:00:49,350 --> 00:00:51,216
And speaking of
corrections...
23
00:00:51,285 --> 00:00:52,351
(groaning)
24
00:00:52,420 --> 00:00:54,319
The real story of
the Panama Canal
25
00:00:54,388 --> 00:00:56,588
is way more
complicated and messed up
26
00:00:56,657 --> 00:00:58,457
than this reversible rhyme!
27
00:00:58,526 --> 00:01:00,259
I'd say
I'm surprised but...
28
00:01:00,327 --> 00:01:01,260
You're not!
29
00:01:01,328 --> 00:01:02,594
Because I'm Adam Conover
30
00:01:02,663 --> 00:01:06,632
and this is
"Reanimated History"!
31
00:01:06,700 --> 00:01:09,101
Closed Captions Provided by
truTV
32
00:01:09,170 --> 00:01:10,102
(screaming)
33
00:01:11,172 --> 00:01:12,104
(neighing)
34
00:01:12,173 --> 00:01:14,740
?
35
00:01:17,278 --> 00:01:18,944
?
36
00:01:19,013 --> 00:01:21,814
(narrator)
By building the Panama Canal, Teddy Roosevelt connected
37
00:01:21,882 --> 00:01:23,782
the two greatest
oceans on the globe
38
00:01:23,851 --> 00:01:26,652
and set the stage for a century
of progress and commerce.
39
00:01:28,389 --> 00:01:29,455
(gasping)
40
00:01:29,523 --> 00:01:31,757
Sorry, but it's not
that simple at all.
41
00:01:31,826 --> 00:01:33,859
The true story of
the Panama Canal
42
00:01:33,928 --> 00:01:37,129
is totally
insane and rarely told.
43
00:01:37,198 --> 00:01:40,699
In 1902, Teddy Roosevelt
wanted to build the canal
44
00:01:40,768 --> 00:01:43,769
to show off America's
power and strength.
45
00:01:43,838 --> 00:01:45,938
Joining the Atlantic
and the Pacific will be
46
00:01:46,006 --> 00:01:48,006
the most impressive thing
I've ever done!
47
00:01:48,075 --> 00:01:49,108
Except, of course,
48
00:01:49,176 --> 00:01:51,243
for that time I engaged
in hand-to-hand combat
49
00:01:51,312 --> 00:01:52,511
with a great white.
50
00:01:55,082 --> 00:01:58,050
But where to build
my magnificent canal?
51
00:01:58,119 --> 00:01:59,051
Easy!
52
00:01:59,120 --> 00:02:00,719
He built it in Panama.
53
00:02:00,788 --> 00:02:03,055
Actually, not so easy.
54
00:02:03,124 --> 00:02:04,990
Because at the time,
the country of Panama
55
00:02:05,059 --> 00:02:06,291
didn't even exist.
56
00:02:06,360 --> 00:02:07,426
Wait what?
57
00:02:07,495 --> 00:02:09,928
The truth is, the US
actually created
58
00:02:09,997 --> 00:02:12,731
the country of Panama
in order to build the Canal.
59
00:02:12,800 --> 00:02:14,900
And it all started
with this guy:
60
00:02:14,969 --> 00:02:16,602
a wealthy French
businessman named
61
00:02:16,670 --> 00:02:18,637
Phillipe-Jean Bunau-Varilla.
62
00:02:18,706 --> 00:02:20,405
Monsieur President,
have you considered
63
00:02:20,474 --> 00:02:23,475
the lovely Colombian province
of Panama as a location?
64
00:02:23,544 --> 00:02:24,476
No go.
65
00:02:24,545 --> 00:02:26,278
I tried to rent
the land from Colombia
66
00:02:26,347 --> 00:02:28,013
and they rejected
my offer!
67
00:02:28,082 --> 00:02:29,815
Then we'll
get rid of Colombia!
68
00:02:29,884 --> 00:02:31,183
I'll pay for a revolution,
69
00:02:31,252 --> 00:02:32,651
get you the land
for cheap
70
00:02:32,720 --> 00:02:33,919
and you build the canal!
71
00:02:33,988 --> 00:02:34,920
Voila!
72
00:02:34,989 --> 00:02:35,988
Wait a minute.
73
00:02:36,056 --> 00:02:38,457
Are you seriously
proposing that I help you
74
00:02:38,526 --> 00:02:40,092
overthrow a sovereign nation
75
00:02:40,161 --> 00:02:41,627
just so I can
build a canal
76
00:02:41,695 --> 00:02:43,028
and make myself
look great?
77
00:02:43,097 --> 00:02:44,429
Er... uh...
78
00:02:44,498 --> 00:02:45,764
yes?
79
00:02:45,833 --> 00:02:46,798
"Bully!"
80
00:02:46,867 --> 00:02:49,535
is what I say
when I love something!
81
00:02:49,603 --> 00:02:51,203
Let's do it!
82
00:02:51,272 --> 00:02:54,106
(Adam)
Bunau-Varilla quickly put his plan into action!
83
00:02:54,175 --> 00:02:55,607
If you allow me
to act as your
84
00:02:55,676 --> 00:02:57,943
diplomatic representative
in Washington,
85
00:02:58,012 --> 00:02:59,811
I'll cover the cost
of your revolution.
86
00:02:59,880 --> 00:03:00,946
Sounds great!
87
00:03:01,015 --> 00:03:02,814
How could that
go wrong?!
88
00:03:02,883 --> 00:03:05,717
And Roosevelt sent US warships
89
00:03:05,786 --> 00:03:08,820
to sit off the coast of Panama
to deter the Colombians
90
00:03:08,889 --> 00:03:10,956
from fighting back.
91
00:03:11,025 --> 00:03:13,091
(President Roosevelt)
Ho there, Colombians!
92
00:03:13,160 --> 00:03:14,426
Get a load of this!
93
00:03:14,495 --> 00:03:16,361
(fog horn blowing)
94
00:03:16,430 --> 00:03:19,164
Those US Naval reinforcements
did the trick
95
00:03:19,233 --> 00:03:22,768
and Panama became a new
country in less than a day!
96
00:03:22,836 --> 00:03:24,870
(narrator)
Well, sounds like everything turned out okay!
97
00:03:24,939 --> 00:03:26,538
No one got hurt
and the Panamanians
98
00:03:26,607 --> 00:03:28,941
got to form a newly
independent country!
99
00:03:29,009 --> 00:03:30,175
(Adam)
Nope!
100
00:03:30,244 --> 00:03:32,377
Because the US immediately
screwed over that
101
00:03:32,446 --> 00:03:34,179
newly independent country.
102
00:03:34,248 --> 00:03:35,747
(narrator)
Of course they did.
103
00:03:35,816 --> 00:03:38,483
As Panama's
diplomatic representative,
104
00:03:38,552 --> 00:03:40,986
my first official
act is to...
105
00:03:41,055 --> 00:03:42,821
give away the land for
the canal to the Americans.
106
00:03:44,525 --> 00:03:45,891
Are you kidding?!
107
00:03:45,960 --> 00:03:48,560
We won't stand for
such a raw deal!
108
00:03:48,629 --> 00:03:50,596
Viva Panama!
109
00:03:50,664 --> 00:03:51,997
(Adam)
When the Panamanians balked,
110
00:03:52,066 --> 00:03:55,500
Roosevelt landed 2,000 Marines
in their new country
111
00:03:55,569 --> 00:03:58,070
and threatened them
with "grave consequences"
112
00:03:58,138 --> 00:04:00,372
unless they changed
their minds.
113
00:04:00,441 --> 00:04:02,274
Viva Panama...
114
00:04:02,343 --> 00:04:04,209
and its
American overlords.
115
00:04:04,278 --> 00:04:06,678
(laughing)
116
00:04:06,747 --> 00:04:08,347
So, in order to
build the canal,
117
00:04:08,415 --> 00:04:10,449
the United States funded
a revolution,
118
00:04:10,517 --> 00:04:11,917
created a new country,
119
00:04:11,986 --> 00:04:15,387
and then effectively stole
the land from that new country.
120
00:04:15,456 --> 00:04:17,189
(narrator)
Come on, are you seriously trying to tell me that
121
00:04:17,258 --> 00:04:20,359
the Panama Canal was nothing but
an imperialist monstrosity?
122
00:04:20,427 --> 00:04:21,860
Oh, no, not at all!
123
00:04:21,929 --> 00:04:25,831
It was also a groundbreaking
marvel of engineering!
124
00:04:25,899 --> 00:04:27,532
Wow, that's quite a pivot.
125
00:04:27,601 --> 00:04:30,002
Before construction
even started... ahh...
126
00:04:30,070 --> 00:04:32,671
Workers had to cut through
nearly 50 miles of... ugh...
127
00:04:32,740 --> 00:04:36,141
Dense jungles
and... oh... steep mountains.
128
00:04:36,210 --> 00:04:37,142
Oh boy!
129
00:04:38,579 --> 00:04:40,178
Once built,
the canal contained
130
00:04:40,247 --> 00:04:42,681
seven million tons of concrete
131
00:04:42,750 --> 00:04:44,883
and featured
incredibly powerful motors
132
00:04:44,952 --> 00:04:47,619
that moved millions of
gallons of water,
133
00:04:47,688 --> 00:04:50,455
propelling ships
weighing up to 80,000 tons
134
00:04:50,524 --> 00:04:52,491
from one ocean to another.
135
00:04:52,559 --> 00:04:54,793
This colossal
engineering marvel
136
00:04:54,862 --> 00:04:59,131
reduced a trip of 8,000 miles
to just 48.
137
00:04:59,199 --> 00:05:02,034
Look, now I'm in the Atlantic
and now I'm in the Pacific!
138
00:05:02,102 --> 00:05:03,101
Atlantic, Pacific!
139
00:05:03,170 --> 00:05:04,202
Atlantic, Pacific!
140
00:05:04,271 --> 00:05:05,203
(laughing)
141
00:05:05,272 --> 00:05:06,305
Just havin' some fun.
142
00:05:06,373 --> 00:05:07,639
(narrator)
At least one of us is.
143
00:05:07,708 --> 00:05:09,875
Well, you have redeemed
the canal in my eyes!
144
00:05:09,943 --> 00:05:11,109
It may have had a sad history
145
00:05:11,178 --> 00:05:13,045
but it was an incredible
feat of engineering.
146
00:05:13,113 --> 00:05:14,179
Yes!
147
00:05:14,248 --> 00:05:17,282
And it was also an
incredibly deadly one.
148
00:05:17,351 --> 00:05:18,817
Another pivot?
149
00:05:18,886 --> 00:05:21,153
Are you trying to
give me whiplash?
150
00:05:21,221 --> 00:05:24,289
The work of constructing
the canal was so brutal
151
00:05:24,358 --> 00:05:27,526
that over 5,000 workers died!
152
00:05:27,594 --> 00:05:29,561
(man)
Hey, buddy, just carry these
153
00:05:29,630 --> 00:05:32,698
highly volatile explosives
over there, will ya?
154
00:05:32,766 --> 00:05:35,834
(Adam)
The work was so dangerous that they actually ran
155
00:05:35,903 --> 00:05:39,037
a special train
just to transport the dead.
156
00:05:42,242 --> 00:05:44,810
Hey, at least
the ride back is free.
157
00:05:44,878 --> 00:05:46,645
Workers who were brought in to
do the dangerous jobs
158
00:05:46,714 --> 00:05:49,081
were from the Caribbean
and were mostly black.
159
00:05:49,149 --> 00:05:51,483
But workers who were brought in
to do the relatively safe jobs
160
00:05:51,552 --> 00:05:54,252
were from the US
and were mostly white.
161
00:05:54,321 --> 00:05:56,154
(man screaming)
162
00:05:56,223 --> 00:05:57,689
You guys are lucky.
163
00:05:57,758 --> 00:06:00,325
I am buried in
paperwork.
164
00:06:00,394 --> 00:06:03,528
And it wasn't just the division
of labor that was unfair.
165
00:06:03,597 --> 00:06:06,264
Caribbean workers
were forced to live in cramped,
166
00:06:06,333 --> 00:06:08,433
unsanitary boarding houses,
167
00:06:08,502 --> 00:06:11,403
while US workers
lived in nice neighborhoods
168
00:06:11,472 --> 00:06:14,973
with theaters, ballparks,
schools and libraries.
169
00:06:15,042 --> 00:06:17,943
Worse still,
white workers were paid in gold,
170
00:06:18,011 --> 00:06:19,845
while black workers were
paid in silver
171
00:06:19,913 --> 00:06:21,713
that could only
be used at separate,
172
00:06:21,782 --> 00:06:24,015
but definitely unequal, stores.
173
00:06:24,084 --> 00:06:25,350
(narrator)
My God.
174
00:06:25,419 --> 00:06:27,018
What you're describing
sounds a lot like...
175
00:06:27,087 --> 00:06:28,387
(Adam)
Segregation?
176
00:06:28,455 --> 00:06:30,422
That's exactly what it was!
177
00:06:30,491 --> 00:06:31,957
While constructing
the canal,
178
00:06:32,025 --> 00:06:33,492
the United States imported
179
00:06:33,560 --> 00:06:36,695
a brutal system of
Jim Crow-style segregation...
180
00:06:36,764 --> 00:06:38,130
The ultimate result of which
181
00:06:38,198 --> 00:06:41,199
was that black workers were
four times more likely to die
182
00:06:41,268 --> 00:06:42,801
than their white
counterparts.
183
00:06:46,507 --> 00:06:47,639
This is horrible!
184
00:06:47,708 --> 00:06:49,207
I didn't want to know
any of this!
185
00:06:49,276 --> 00:06:51,143
I liked it better when
it was just Teddy Roosevelt
186
00:06:51,211 --> 00:06:52,711
and his fun palindrome!
187
00:06:52,780 --> 00:06:53,812
Ha-ha!
188
00:06:53,881 --> 00:06:54,946
I know you did.
189
00:06:55,015 --> 00:06:56,248
But the truth is,
190
00:06:56,316 --> 00:06:58,016
the real history of
the Panama Canal
191
00:06:58,085 --> 00:06:59,951
just isn't
that simple.
192
00:07:00,020 --> 00:07:01,920
It was an imperialist
land grab,
193
00:07:01,989 --> 00:07:03,688
and it was
an engineering wonder,
194
00:07:03,757 --> 00:07:06,358
and it was a death trap
195
00:07:06,427 --> 00:07:08,160
for thousands of
workers of color.
196
00:07:08,228 --> 00:07:09,728
You don't get to ignore
any of that
197
00:07:09,797 --> 00:07:12,531
just because it doesn't read
the same backwards and forwards.
198
00:07:12,599 --> 00:07:13,665
(sighing)
199
00:07:13,767 --> 00:07:15,567
You know, it would be nice,
just once,
200
00:07:15,636 --> 00:07:17,769
to hear a story
we can feel good about.
201
00:07:17,838 --> 00:07:20,605
Oh, then I have a story
you are gonna love!
202
00:07:20,674 --> 00:07:22,207
It's about Harvey Wiley,
203
00:07:22,276 --> 00:07:25,744
who prevented supermarkets from
becoming modern-day death traps.
204
00:07:26,947 --> 00:07:28,146
Uh-oh...
205
00:07:28,348 --> 00:07:30,449
I'll be right back to tell you
all about hiiiii..
206
00:07:34,087 --> 00:07:35,086
(Adam)
Say what you will about
207
00:07:35,155 --> 00:07:36,855
the healthiness of our
modern food,
208
00:07:36,924 --> 00:07:38,890
at least we know
that when we buy it
209
00:07:38,959 --> 00:07:39,958
it isn't rotten
210
00:07:40,027 --> 00:07:41,993
or full of
literal poison.
211
00:07:42,062 --> 00:07:43,428
But until the turn of
the last century,
212
00:07:43,497 --> 00:07:44,896
that wasn't
always the case.
213
00:07:46,800 --> 00:07:48,200
And that only
changed thanks to
214
00:07:48,268 --> 00:07:51,536
a food safety pioneer
named Harvey Wiley.
215
00:07:51,605 --> 00:07:54,105
He's today's
Unsung Badass of History!
216
00:07:57,377 --> 00:08:00,078
I did that...
for emphasis.
217
00:08:00,147 --> 00:08:01,513
(narrator)
Sure you did.
218
00:08:01,582 --> 00:08:03,281
(Adam)
While working as a professor of chemistry
219
00:08:03,350 --> 00:08:05,417
at Purdue University
in the 1870s,
220
00:08:05,486 --> 00:08:07,519
Wiley began studying
the chemical makeup of
221
00:08:07,588 --> 00:08:08,820
store-bought honey
222
00:08:08,889 --> 00:08:10,589
and was alarmed to
discover...
223
00:08:10,657 --> 00:08:11,990
This isn't honey at all!
224
00:08:12,059 --> 00:08:14,159
It's just
factory-made glucose!
225
00:08:14,228 --> 00:08:15,494
Gross!
226
00:08:15,562 --> 00:08:18,230
Pure honey should contain
nothing but bee barf!
227
00:08:20,367 --> 00:08:22,467
At the time,
there were no federal laws
228
00:08:22,536 --> 00:08:23,802
about food labeling,
229
00:08:23,871 --> 00:08:25,470
so companies could call
a product
230
00:08:25,539 --> 00:08:27,706
whatever they wanted
no matter what was in it.
231
00:08:27,774 --> 00:08:29,007
(sniffing)
232
00:08:29,076 --> 00:08:32,944
This "jam" is rotten apples,
glucose and tar dye!
233
00:08:33,013 --> 00:08:35,814
This "chicken"
is spoiled pork!
234
00:08:38,118 --> 00:08:40,318
Ugh, I hate IPAs.
235
00:08:40,387 --> 00:08:42,454
Also, I think there's
strychnine in here.
236
00:08:42,523 --> 00:08:45,524
Ah, a little strychnine
never hurt anyone.
237
00:08:45,592 --> 00:08:46,758
(Adam clearing throat)
238
00:08:46,827 --> 00:08:49,661
Actually, food adulteration
and contamination
239
00:08:49,730 --> 00:08:53,798
were killing tens of thousands
of Americans every year!
240
00:08:53,867 --> 00:08:55,066
(groaning)
241
00:08:57,437 --> 00:09:00,405
Okayyyy...
242
00:09:01,708 --> 00:09:02,641
That's it!
243
00:09:02,709 --> 00:09:04,175
I shall make protecting
consumers from
244
00:09:04,244 --> 00:09:07,279
dangerous food
my life's work!
245
00:09:07,347 --> 00:09:09,614
(Adam)
Wiley soon rose through the ranks to become
246
00:09:09,683 --> 00:09:12,617
chief chemist for the
US Department of Agriculture.
247
00:09:12,686 --> 00:09:16,154
Making food safe will be
a piece of poison-free cake!
248
00:09:16,223 --> 00:09:18,023
Yeah, it wasn't!
249
00:09:18,091 --> 00:09:20,358
Wiley spent decades trying to
convince Congress
250
00:09:20,427 --> 00:09:22,394
to pass food-safety bills.
251
00:09:22,462 --> 00:09:25,497
This rotten egg has been
deodorized with chemicals!
252
00:09:25,566 --> 00:09:26,932
These pickles are
bright green
253
00:09:27,000 --> 00:09:29,467
because they're full of
poisonous copper sulfate!
254
00:09:29,536 --> 00:09:33,872
This milk came from a cow
with tuberculosis!
255
00:09:33,941 --> 00:09:36,474
This entire
lunch is lethal!
256
00:09:36,543 --> 00:09:39,010
(Adam)
But his appeals fell on deaf ears.
257
00:09:39,079 --> 00:09:40,845
Listen here,
you rabble-rouser,
258
00:09:40,914 --> 00:09:42,447
regulating food
is a threat
259
00:09:42,516 --> 00:09:44,349
to American capitalism!
260
00:09:44,418 --> 00:09:46,284
How dare you infringe
on the public's right
261
00:09:46,353 --> 00:09:49,054
to eat candy-dyed
red by lead?
262
00:09:49,122 --> 00:09:51,856
You misunderstand me, sir.
263
00:09:51,925 --> 00:09:53,725
I am a devoted
capitalist!
264
00:09:53,794 --> 00:09:55,927
I believe that
if consumers aren't worried
265
00:09:55,996 --> 00:09:57,862
that their food
might kill them,
266
00:09:57,931 --> 00:10:00,031
they'll buy much
more of it!
267
00:10:00,100 --> 00:10:03,401
But food industry lobbyists
worked tirelessly to crush
268
00:10:03,470 --> 00:10:05,270
Wiley's
legislative efforts!
269
00:10:05,339 --> 00:10:06,404
Ah-ha!
270
00:10:06,473 --> 00:10:09,407
A little lead
never hurt anyone.
271
00:10:09,476 --> 00:10:11,876
Americans don't believe
or even realize
272
00:10:11,945 --> 00:10:14,379
that their food
is killing them!
273
00:10:14,448 --> 00:10:15,947
I guess I'll just
have to prove it...
274
00:10:16,016 --> 00:10:19,017
by poisoning people myself!
275
00:10:19,086 --> 00:10:20,819
(Adam)
Wiley concocted an experiment.
276
00:10:20,887 --> 00:10:22,988
He dosed meals with
controlled amounts
277
00:10:23,056 --> 00:10:24,522
of the dangerous chemicals
278
00:10:24,591 --> 00:10:26,291
commonly used in
food at the time,
279
00:10:26,360 --> 00:10:28,927
and he fed them to
healthy young men.
280
00:10:28,996 --> 00:10:30,428
Thus was born...
281
00:10:30,497 --> 00:10:32,230
The Poison Squad!
282
00:10:34,067 --> 00:10:37,969
Okay, today we got borax beef,
sulfuric salad,
283
00:10:38,038 --> 00:10:41,406
salicylic stroganoff,
formaldehyde fricassee
284
00:10:41,475 --> 00:10:44,409
aaaand
ice cream for dessert!
285
00:10:44,478 --> 00:10:46,144
Ho-hooooh!
286
00:10:46,213 --> 00:10:48,680
(whispering)
The ice cream is also made of borax.
287
00:10:48,749 --> 00:10:51,049
(Adam)
Wiley carefully monitored their poison intake
288
00:10:51,118 --> 00:10:52,851
and recorded the effects.
289
00:10:52,919 --> 00:10:54,753
(gagging)
290
00:10:54,821 --> 00:10:55,754
Perfect!
291
00:10:55,822 --> 00:10:56,755
Keep eating!
292
00:11:01,261 --> 00:11:03,161
(retching)
(man) Make it stop!
293
00:11:05,065 --> 00:11:06,665
I've had so much
formaldehyde
294
00:11:06,733 --> 00:11:08,099
that I'm embalmed.
295
00:11:08,168 --> 00:11:09,100
Yet alive!
296
00:11:10,337 --> 00:11:11,503
Keep eating!
297
00:11:11,571 --> 00:11:12,804
(Adam)
The project was so crazy
298
00:11:12,873 --> 00:11:15,140
that newspapers began reporting
on it daily!
299
00:11:15,208 --> 00:11:16,341
Ha-ha!
300
00:11:16,410 --> 00:11:18,576
Daring lads eat poison
so you don't have to!
301
00:11:18,645 --> 00:11:20,311
Read all about it!
302
00:11:20,380 --> 00:11:22,047
(Adam)
The public was so captivated
303
00:11:22,115 --> 00:11:25,116
that Poison Squad members
became celebrities.
304
00:11:25,185 --> 00:11:26,885
Wiley's plan worked so well
305
00:11:26,953 --> 00:11:29,621
that not only did he raise
public awareness of food safety,
306
00:11:29,690 --> 00:11:31,890
he also attracted the attention
of our old friend
307
00:11:31,958 --> 00:11:33,692
President Teddy Roosevelt.
308
00:11:33,760 --> 00:11:36,795
I too had a terrible experience
with rotten food.
309
00:11:36,863 --> 00:11:38,196
(bell tolling)
310
00:11:38,265 --> 00:11:40,498
As a cavalry commander during
the Spanish-American War,
311
00:11:40,567 --> 00:11:42,167
Roosevelt had watched helplessly
312
00:11:42,235 --> 00:11:44,936
as hundreds of soldiers
got sick and died
313
00:11:45,005 --> 00:11:47,372
from eating
rotten canned meat.
314
00:11:47,441 --> 00:11:49,607
(groaning)
315
00:11:53,313 --> 00:11:54,713
I must make amends.
316
00:11:54,781 --> 00:11:56,481
Ha-ha!
317
00:11:56,550 --> 00:11:59,217
I will see to it that this bill
passes faster
318
00:11:59,286 --> 00:12:01,319
than you can say
"poisoned pancakes"!
319
00:12:01,388 --> 00:12:02,320
(narrator)
A-hah!
320
00:12:02,389 --> 00:12:04,055
I knew Teddy wasn't all bad!
321
00:12:04,124 --> 00:12:07,192
Of course not, he did
plenty of great things!
322
00:12:07,260 --> 00:12:09,561
Among them: the federal law
he signed
323
00:12:09,629 --> 00:12:12,564
was the first to protect
consumers from adulterated,
324
00:12:12,632 --> 00:12:13,898
harmful food.
325
00:12:13,967 --> 00:12:15,800
It also lead to
mandatory food labeling
326
00:12:15,869 --> 00:12:17,969
and the establishment
of the FDA!
327
00:12:18,038 --> 00:12:19,070
Oh, oh!
328
00:12:19,139 --> 00:12:22,307
I also killed
a lot of exotic animals.
329
00:12:22,375 --> 00:12:24,442
(Adam)
And Wiley's prediction that safer food
330
00:12:24,511 --> 00:12:26,911
would be good for
business came true.
331
00:12:26,980 --> 00:12:29,314
Over the next century,
the American food industry
332
00:12:29,382 --> 00:12:31,483
grew to be the largest
in the world.
333
00:12:31,551 --> 00:12:34,052
In part because consumers
were willing to buy more food
334
00:12:34,121 --> 00:12:35,186
if they knew it was safe.
335
00:12:36,556 --> 00:12:38,256
Guaranteed poison-free?
336
00:12:38,325 --> 00:12:39,324
Woo!
337
00:12:39,392 --> 00:12:41,860
Ronnie's eating
canned clams tonight!
338
00:12:41,928 --> 00:12:43,094
But even more importantly,
339
00:12:43,163 --> 00:12:45,096
the Food and Drug Administration
estimates that
340
00:12:45,165 --> 00:12:46,564
food safety regulations
341
00:12:46,633 --> 00:12:49,234
have saved hundreds
of millions of lives!
342
00:12:50,537 --> 00:12:51,469
(dinging)
343
00:12:51,538 --> 00:12:52,570
With a record like that,
344
00:12:52,639 --> 00:12:54,172
it's no wonder that
Harvey Wiley
345
00:12:54,241 --> 00:12:57,175
is buried at
Arlington National Cemetery.
346
00:12:57,244 --> 00:13:00,345
And that's why he's
an Unsung Badass of History.
347
00:13:00,413 --> 00:13:01,479
(narrator)
Wow!
348
00:13:01,548 --> 00:13:03,948
Right next to the heroes
of World War One.
349
00:13:04,017 --> 00:13:05,884
Which happens
to be the deadliest event
350
00:13:05,952 --> 00:13:07,485
of the turn of the century,
351
00:13:07,554 --> 00:13:10,522
and the subject of our
next segment.
352
00:13:10,590 --> 00:13:14,392
Oh, actually, there was an even
deadlier event back then
353
00:13:14,461 --> 00:13:17,162
but strangely,
few people remember it.
354
00:13:17,230 --> 00:13:18,696
And I'll tell you
all about it...
355
00:13:20,500 --> 00:13:22,367
Do you smell
burning wool?
356
00:13:24,504 --> 00:13:26,037
Quick, climb into that
pile of dry leaves! (shouting)
357
00:13:30,176 --> 00:13:42,921
TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST
TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST
358
00:13:42,923 --> 00:13:46,090
TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST
TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST
359
00:13:46,092 --> 00:13:50,762
TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST
TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST
360
00:13:50,764 --> 00:14:02,073
TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST
TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST
361
00:14:02,075 --> 00:14:03,041
TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST
TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST
362
00:14:03,043 --> 00:14:04,209
TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST
TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST IT IS
363
00:14:04,211 --> 00:14:05,210
TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST IT IS
TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST
364
00:14:05,212 --> 00:14:06,244
TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST
TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST
365
00:14:06,246 --> 00:14:07,378
TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST
TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST
366
00:14:07,380 --> 00:14:08,246
TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST
TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST
367
00:14:08,248 --> 00:14:09,347
TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST
TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST
368
00:14:09,349 --> 00:14:13,084
TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST
TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST
369
00:14:13,086 --> 00:14:16,521
TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST
TEST TEST TEST
370
00:14:17,224 --> 00:14:18,356
at tha
371
00:14:18,425 --> 00:14:23,161
the Spanish flu killed
100 million people.
372
00:14:23,230 --> 00:14:24,796
Holy shit.
373
00:14:24,865 --> 00:14:27,532
The flu was so much deadlier
than the war
374
00:14:27,601 --> 00:14:31,002
that the German Army
even blamed it for their loss.
375
00:14:31,071 --> 00:14:32,370
At a key point in the war,
376
00:14:32,439 --> 00:14:35,273
the flu hit the Germans
much harder than the allies,
377
00:14:35,342 --> 00:14:37,675
which gave the allies
the advantage.
378
00:14:37,744 --> 00:14:39,410
(shouting)
379
00:14:39,479 --> 00:14:41,813
Whoa, you guys
don't look so good.
380
00:14:41,882 --> 00:14:44,082
Uh... feel better?
381
00:14:44,150 --> 00:14:46,417
Well, that's a...
silver lining, I guess?
382
00:14:46,486 --> 00:14:48,253
(coughing)
383
00:14:48,321 --> 00:14:49,587
Definitely not.
384
00:14:49,656 --> 00:14:52,523
The United States
military took a wallop too.
385
00:14:52,592 --> 00:14:54,092
But we've all had the flu.
386
00:14:54,160 --> 00:14:55,493
It's not that
big a deal!
387
00:14:55,562 --> 00:14:57,262
Actually,
even the modern flu
388
00:14:57,330 --> 00:15:00,365
kills tens of thousands
of Americans every year!
389
00:15:00,433 --> 00:15:01,699
But the Spanish flu
390
00:15:01,768 --> 00:15:04,369
was a particularly
terrible strain.
391
00:15:04,437 --> 00:15:06,204
Normal flu
symptoms like a cough...
392
00:15:06,273 --> 00:15:08,206
(coughing)
393
00:15:08,275 --> 00:15:09,440
...and stomach
distress...
394
00:15:09,509 --> 00:15:10,708
(groaning)
395
00:15:10,777 --> 00:15:12,877
...were just the tip
of the iceberg.
396
00:15:12,946 --> 00:15:14,312
It was the blood
and liquid that
397
00:15:14,381 --> 00:15:16,447
would fill up your lungs
and drown you that...
398
00:15:16,516 --> 00:15:17,649
(chocking)
399
00:15:17,717 --> 00:15:18,783
Okay, that's enough!
400
00:15:18,852 --> 00:15:19,884
We don't need
all the gory details.
401
00:15:19,953 --> 00:15:21,119
Sorry!
402
00:15:21,187 --> 00:15:23,021
Yeah, that was a little
gross, even for me.
403
00:15:23,089 --> 00:15:26,524
In the end, more than
half of US war casualties
404
00:15:26,593 --> 00:15:27,892
weren't shot by Germans...
405
00:15:27,961 --> 00:15:30,295
They were killed by
the flu.
406
00:15:30,363 --> 00:15:33,398
Being shot sounds...
nice.
407
00:15:33,466 --> 00:15:34,499
(coughing)
408
00:15:34,567 --> 00:15:35,900
This is insane!
409
00:15:35,969 --> 00:15:38,703
Why isn't this a bigger part of
the story of World War One?
410
00:15:38,772 --> 00:15:42,006
Because the war actually kept
most people from knowing
411
00:15:42,075 --> 00:15:44,776
just how bad
the flu really was!
412
00:15:44,844 --> 00:15:48,379
Countries at war restricted
reporting on the flu
413
00:15:48,448 --> 00:15:50,281
so that morale
wouldn't weaken on the front
414
00:15:50,350 --> 00:15:51,649
or back home.
415
00:15:51,718 --> 00:15:54,319
Our boys are dying
left and right of the flu!
416
00:15:54,387 --> 00:15:56,020
I've gotta report
on this story!
417
00:15:56,089 --> 00:15:57,855
You'll do
no such thing!
418
00:15:57,924 --> 00:16:00,591
Write that these men
died like heroes,
419
00:16:00,660 --> 00:16:02,593
riddled with
Kraut bullets.
420
00:16:02,662 --> 00:16:04,362
(Adam)
But one country that didn't restrict
421
00:16:04,431 --> 00:16:06,831
reporting on the flu
was Spain!
422
00:16:06,900 --> 00:16:09,600
Of course,
the Spanish flu!
423
00:16:09,669 --> 00:16:11,869
Oh, it must have been worse
there than anywhere else.
424
00:16:11,938 --> 00:16:12,904
(Adam)
Nope.
425
00:16:12,973 --> 00:16:14,605
But everyone
thought it was.
426
00:16:14,674 --> 00:16:17,041
Because Spain wasn't
fighting in the war,
427
00:16:17,110 --> 00:16:18,676
their press
was one of the few
428
00:16:18,745 --> 00:16:21,546
to report accurately
on the flu.
429
00:16:21,614 --> 00:16:22,680
Our people are dying
430
00:16:22,749 --> 00:16:24,115
left and right
of the flu!
431
00:16:24,184 --> 00:16:25,683
Should I report
on the story?
432
00:16:25,752 --> 00:16:26,851
Yes, of course!
433
00:16:26,920 --> 00:16:28,553
We're not at war
or anything.
434
00:16:28,621 --> 00:16:30,855
Have it on my desk
before you die of the flu.
435
00:16:30,924 --> 00:16:32,657
That's why we call it
the Spanish flu?
436
00:16:32,726 --> 00:16:33,658
Yeah!
437
00:16:33,727 --> 00:16:34,659
Bull...
438
00:16:34,728 --> 00:16:35,893
No, it's true!
439
00:16:35,962 --> 00:16:38,262
No, I mean
a literal bull.
440
00:16:38,331 --> 00:16:40,932
(sneezing)
441
00:16:41,001 --> 00:16:42,834
Oh, poor guy.
442
00:16:42,902 --> 00:16:45,136
(Adam)
The truth is, the "Spanish" flu
443
00:16:45,205 --> 00:16:47,772
killed more Americans
than Spaniards.
444
00:16:47,841 --> 00:16:51,676
As many as
675,000 Americans died...
445
00:16:51,745 --> 00:16:54,645
That's more than the total
US casualties in all
446
00:16:54,714 --> 00:16:57,148
20th-century wars combined.
447
00:16:57,217 --> 00:16:58,816
Towns throughout
the country
448
00:16:58,885 --> 00:17:01,919
lost as many
as 90% of their citizens.
449
00:17:01,988 --> 00:17:04,655
So many people were dying
that, in Chicago,
450
00:17:04,724 --> 00:17:07,492
authorities actually
banned public funerals.
451
00:17:07,560 --> 00:17:09,360
This is a nightmare!
452
00:17:09,429 --> 00:17:12,697
The scope of the tragedy
was massive.
453
00:17:12,766 --> 00:17:14,732
But the people
in charge of stopping the flu
454
00:17:14,801 --> 00:17:17,635
were so worried about preventing
a national panic
455
00:17:17,704 --> 00:17:20,438
that they downplayed
the flu's spread.
456
00:17:20,507 --> 00:17:22,473
You'll be fine!
457
00:17:22,542 --> 00:17:25,610
Just avoid tight clothes
and, uhhh, chew your food well!
458
00:17:25,678 --> 00:17:27,845
(vomiting)
459
00:17:27,914 --> 00:17:29,614
Uh, tough crowd.
460
00:17:29,682 --> 00:17:31,282
That was their actual advice?
461
00:17:31,351 --> 00:17:32,683
Yep!
462
00:17:32,752 --> 00:17:35,887
All told, some historians
believe that the Spanish flu
463
00:17:35,955 --> 00:17:39,057
was the deadliest event
in human history,
464
00:17:39,125 --> 00:17:42,927
and modern civilization
was powerless to stop it.
465
00:17:42,996 --> 00:17:45,363
But it did stop
eventually, right?
466
00:17:45,432 --> 00:17:46,364
Yes.
467
00:17:46,433 --> 00:17:48,499
But not because of
anything we did.
468
00:17:48,568 --> 00:17:51,302
Some scientists
believe that everyone on earth
469
00:17:51,371 --> 00:17:54,138
who was predisposed to
die from it, did.
470
00:17:54,207 --> 00:17:55,606
The Spanish flu only went away
471
00:17:55,675 --> 00:17:58,443
because it killed
everyone it could.
472
00:17:58,511 --> 00:18:00,378
Maybe that's why most people
know so little about it.
473
00:18:00,447 --> 00:18:02,747
It's... it's almost
too painful to imagine.
474
00:18:02,816 --> 00:18:03,948
Exactly.
475
00:18:04,017 --> 00:18:06,250
And that is the worst
part of this story.
476
00:18:06,319 --> 00:18:08,820
Because we don't
remember what happened,
477
00:18:08,888 --> 00:18:12,457
we're totally unprepared for
when it happens again.
478
00:18:12,525 --> 00:18:14,092
When it happens again?
479
00:18:14,160 --> 00:18:15,526
Yes.
480
00:18:15,595 --> 00:18:18,863
The Center for Disease Control
warns that another flu pandemic
481
00:18:18,932 --> 00:18:20,998
is only a matter of time.
482
00:18:21,067 --> 00:18:24,168
And what's worse: our government
keeps cutting their budget
483
00:18:24,237 --> 00:18:26,704
even though one of
the CDC's primary missions
484
00:18:26,773 --> 00:18:28,673
is pandemic preparedness!
485
00:18:28,741 --> 00:18:29,674
Sorry, Sue.
486
00:18:29,742 --> 00:18:30,775
Funding cuts.
487
00:18:30,844 --> 00:18:32,710
I'm gonna need your
petri dish and lab coat.
488
00:18:32,779 --> 00:18:34,912
(crying)
489
00:18:34,981 --> 00:18:37,582
(Adam)
And it currently takes us seven months to develop
490
00:18:37,650 --> 00:18:39,083
a new flu vaccine.
491
00:18:39,152 --> 00:18:41,619
According to researchers,
that's more than enough time
492
00:18:41,688 --> 00:18:44,722
for the flu to kill tens
of millions of people!
493
00:18:44,791 --> 00:18:46,524
(narrator)
This is starting to make my head spin.
494
00:18:46,593 --> 00:18:47,525
Or is it the flu?
495
00:18:47,594 --> 00:18:48,759
Oh!
What do I do?
496
00:18:48,828 --> 00:18:51,295
Well, there is one
small thing everyone can do
497
00:18:51,364 --> 00:18:54,298
that could possibly help curb
the impact of another flu:
498
00:18:54,367 --> 00:18:56,267
get your
yearly flu shot.
499
00:18:56,336 --> 00:18:59,137
I... didn't
do that this year.
500
00:18:59,205 --> 00:19:01,005
I don't feel so hot.
501
00:19:01,074 --> 00:19:02,440
No, I cannot
get sick.
502
00:19:02,509 --> 00:19:03,875
I gotta go
to my clean room!
503
00:19:03,943 --> 00:19:04,976
Clean room?
504
00:19:05,044 --> 00:19:05,977
Wait!
505
00:19:06,045 --> 00:19:07,078
Whoa!
506
00:19:07,147 --> 00:19:08,079
Whoa!
507
00:19:08,148 --> 00:19:11,849
(alarm blaring)
508
00:19:11,918 --> 00:19:12,383
I was just about
to tell you...
509
00:19:13,086 --> 00:19:14,385
(coughing)
510
00:19:14,454 --> 00:19:16,554
...how we can learn
from all of this!
511
00:19:18,224 --> 00:19:20,291
(Rator)
Welcome to my clean space.
512
00:19:20,360 --> 00:19:21,893
It's perfectly sterile.
513
00:19:21,961 --> 00:19:24,695
It's locked
and no one can get in or out.
514
00:19:24,764 --> 00:19:27,031
Here there are no scary stories,
515
00:19:27,100 --> 00:19:30,334
no germs, no once-heroic
leaders betraying us,
516
00:19:30,403 --> 00:19:31,569
no poisoned food.
517
00:19:31,638 --> 00:19:33,004
Just nothingness.
518
00:19:33,072 --> 00:19:34,272
Oh, I found you!
519
00:19:34,340 --> 00:19:35,306
No!
How?
520
00:19:35,375 --> 00:19:36,574
Get out!
521
00:19:36,643 --> 00:19:37,975
I can't take anymore!
522
00:19:38,044 --> 00:19:40,411
History is too upsetting
and I am done with it!
523
00:19:40,480 --> 00:19:41,579
I get it.
524
00:19:41,648 --> 00:19:42,914
History isn't pretty.
525
00:19:42,982 --> 00:19:44,582
In fact, it's brutal.
526
00:19:44,651 --> 00:19:46,017
People die,
527
00:19:46,085 --> 00:19:47,985
they kill each other,
they suffer.
528
00:19:48,054 --> 00:19:49,220
Exactly!
529
00:19:49,289 --> 00:19:52,490
And that's why
I... am... done.
530
00:19:52,559 --> 00:19:53,524
No.
531
00:19:53,593 --> 00:19:54,692
You can't turn away.
532
00:19:54,761 --> 00:19:56,260
You must face it!
533
00:19:56,329 --> 00:19:58,262
We have to learn from
the mistakes of the past
534
00:19:58,331 --> 00:20:00,631
so we can have
a better future.
535
00:20:00,700 --> 00:20:02,133
History happened.
536
00:20:02,202 --> 00:20:03,801
It can't be undone.
537
00:20:03,870 --> 00:20:06,170
And the fact is, everything
that came before us,
538
00:20:06,239 --> 00:20:09,640
good and bad, created
the world we live in today.
539
00:20:09,709 --> 00:20:12,977
There's just no such thing as
a vacuum with no history.
540
00:20:13,046 --> 00:20:14,579
I see your point.
541
00:20:14,647 --> 00:20:17,582
It's just been...
a hard few chapters.
542
00:20:17,650 --> 00:20:21,118
True, but much of history
is still really inspiring!
543
00:20:21,187 --> 00:20:24,555
Think of all the people who have
done so much with so little,
544
00:20:24,624 --> 00:20:27,191
discovered amazing
new truths about the universe,
545
00:20:27,260 --> 00:20:29,627
and fought to make
a better world!
546
00:20:29,696 --> 00:20:31,529
We can learn
from them, too!
547
00:20:31,598 --> 00:20:33,331
You know, I like that.
548
00:20:33,399 --> 00:20:34,432
Thanks, Adam.
549
00:20:34,500 --> 00:20:35,666
You've inspired me
so much
550
00:20:35,735 --> 00:20:37,168
I think I'm gonna
go to the library
551
00:20:37,237 --> 00:20:41,072
and maybe find another book
that I can narrate alone.
552
00:20:41,140 --> 00:20:42,406
Wait!
Really?!
553
00:20:42,475 --> 00:20:44,075
But we were just
becoming friends!
554
00:20:44,143 --> 00:20:45,710
I have a lot of
reading to do.
555
00:20:45,778 --> 00:20:46,911
We could start a book group!
556
00:20:46,980 --> 00:20:48,779
Oh, that sounds like
a nightmare.
557
00:20:48,848 --> 00:20:50,014
Yeah, sure,
I'll text you.
558
00:20:50,083 --> 00:20:51,015
Sounds cool.
559
00:20:51,084 --> 00:20:52,283
See ya later!
Ha-ha!
560
00:20:52,352 --> 00:20:54,552
Well, at least he
didn't close the book this time!
561
00:20:54,621 --> 00:20:55,720
(groaning)
562
00:20:55,788 --> 00:20:56,954
Guess that happens
automatically.
563
00:21:00,460 --> 00:21:02,093
Hi, I'm Emily Axford
564
00:21:02,161 --> 00:21:04,362
and this is
Same Time, Different Place.
565
00:21:07,033 --> 00:21:08,432
(Emily)
Many Westerners view the Middle East
566
00:21:08,501 --> 00:21:10,901
as a place of constant turmoil.
567
00:21:10,970 --> 00:21:13,004
But after World War One,
the French and British
568
00:21:13,072 --> 00:21:16,307
actually had an opportunity
to help stabilize the region.
569
00:21:16,376 --> 00:21:17,608
All they had to do
570
00:21:17,677 --> 00:21:21,412
was keep a promise to one man
named King Hussein.
571
00:21:21,481 --> 00:21:24,815
The year was 1916,
572
00:21:24,884 --> 00:21:27,385
and King Hussein of Hejaz
was leading a revolt
573
00:21:27,453 --> 00:21:29,487
against the Ottoman Turks.
574
00:21:29,555 --> 00:21:33,157
Your Ottoman Empire is
going down, you Turkish Jerks!
575
00:21:33,226 --> 00:21:34,158
Ha!
576
00:21:34,227 --> 00:21:35,259
Turk jerks!
577
00:21:35,328 --> 00:21:36,494
But he was not alone.
578
00:21:36,562 --> 00:21:38,829
He also had
help from...
579
00:21:38,898 --> 00:21:41,098
Lawrence of Arabia!
580
00:21:41,167 --> 00:21:43,134
You know, the dude that's
in the movie
581
00:21:43,202 --> 00:21:44,769
that's been sitting
in your Netflix queue
582
00:21:44,837 --> 00:21:46,304
for, like, three years.
583
00:21:46,372 --> 00:21:49,874
That heroic pose left me
a little too exposed.
584
00:21:49,942 --> 00:21:51,709
Hi, I'm Lawrence...
585
00:21:51,778 --> 00:21:53,611
of Arabiaaaaa!!
586
00:21:53,680 --> 00:21:55,746
You're not of Arabia.
587
00:21:55,815 --> 00:21:57,682
You're a white guy
in a cloak.
588
00:21:57,750 --> 00:22:00,217
Well, yeah,
I'm British.
589
00:22:00,286 --> 00:22:01,719
So, if you visited Spain,
590
00:22:01,788 --> 00:22:03,888
would you be
Lawrence of Spain?
591
00:22:03,956 --> 00:22:06,991
When you pee, are you
Lawrence of the bathroom?
592
00:22:07,060 --> 00:22:08,192
It doesn't matter.
593
00:22:08,261 --> 00:22:10,461
Point is,
my people are at war
594
00:22:10,530 --> 00:22:12,296
with those Turk
jerks too!
595
00:22:12,365 --> 00:22:14,265
And if you help us...
596
00:22:14,334 --> 00:22:17,134
England promises to
give you a United Arab State
597
00:22:17,203 --> 00:22:19,937
spanning from Jerusalem
to Damascus.
598
00:22:20,006 --> 00:22:22,373
That's my dream!
599
00:22:22,442 --> 00:22:23,841
You've got a deal.
600
00:22:23,910 --> 00:22:25,076
With Hussein's help,
601
00:22:25,144 --> 00:22:27,278
the Ottoman Empire
was destroyed.
602
00:22:27,347 --> 00:22:28,779
But the promise...
603
00:22:28,848 --> 00:22:30,114
yeah, they didn't keep it.
604
00:22:30,183 --> 00:22:32,116
Excellent work,
Major Lawrence.
605
00:22:32,185 --> 00:22:34,151
They should write
a movie about you!
606
00:22:34,220 --> 00:22:35,419
Yes!
607
00:22:35,488 --> 00:22:38,089
A movie everyone
should've seen by now.
608
00:22:38,157 --> 00:22:40,524
But what about the promise
we made to King Hussein?
609
00:22:40,593 --> 00:22:42,493
Yes, about that...
610
00:22:42,562 --> 00:22:45,129
I actually made another
secret promise to France
611
00:22:45,198 --> 00:22:47,832
saying that we wouldn't
keep that promise.
612
00:22:47,900 --> 00:22:49,900
It's called
the Sykes-Picot Agreement.
613
00:22:51,904 --> 00:22:54,171
But his men fought
and died for us!
614
00:22:54,240 --> 00:22:56,006
Yes, well,
I guess...
615
00:22:56,075 --> 00:22:59,477
Sykes-Picot Agreement.
616
00:22:59,545 --> 00:23:01,879
Sykes-Picot
was a secret agreement
617
00:23:01,948 --> 00:23:05,216
splitting up the region in favor
of European interests,
618
00:23:05,284 --> 00:23:07,551
ignoring the promise
made to the king.
619
00:23:07,620 --> 00:23:08,586
This can't be.
620
00:23:08,654 --> 00:23:10,020
They promised!
621
00:23:10,089 --> 00:23:12,923
The Sykes-Picot Agreement set
the stage for post-war deals
622
00:23:12,992 --> 00:23:14,625
that chopped up the Middle East,
623
00:23:14,694 --> 00:23:16,660
with little consideration for
the cultural
624
00:23:16,729 --> 00:23:19,029
and historical
makeup of the land.
625
00:23:19,098 --> 00:23:20,431
That arbitrary border
626
00:23:20,500 --> 00:23:21,966
just cut that
village in half!
627
00:23:22,034 --> 00:23:24,034
(screaming)
628
00:23:26,539 --> 00:23:29,607
The French created the countries
of Syria and Lebanon.
629
00:23:29,675 --> 00:23:32,143
Meanwhile, the British
mandated that Palestine
630
00:23:32,211 --> 00:23:33,778
would become a Jewish state.
631
00:23:33,846 --> 00:23:37,181
One of Hussein's sons got Iraq,
the other got Transjordan,
632
00:23:37,250 --> 00:23:40,384
a Saudi family got all
of what is now Saudi Arabia,
633
00:23:40,453 --> 00:23:43,053
and tribal allies like
the Kurds got nothing.
634
00:23:43,122 --> 00:23:44,188
Stop!
635
00:23:44,257 --> 00:23:46,490
You're splitting
ethnic groups willy-nilly!
636
00:23:46,559 --> 00:23:50,528
And if that sounds kind of
confusing, it's because it was.
637
00:23:50,596 --> 00:23:54,298
It would be kinda like if China
combined Indiana, Texas,
638
00:23:54,367 --> 00:23:56,467
and Oklahoma into a single state
639
00:23:56,536 --> 00:24:00,738
and then made Yao Ming
the governor of IndTexahoma.
640
00:24:00,807 --> 00:24:03,541
These random borders resulted in
a century of
641
00:24:03,609 --> 00:24:06,410
territorial conflicts
between different groups
642
00:24:06,479 --> 00:24:08,646
who suddenly found themselves
on what they felt
643
00:24:08,714 --> 00:24:11,182
was the wrong side of a border.
644
00:24:11,250 --> 00:24:13,984
And while a lot of other events
contributed to creating
645
00:24:14,053 --> 00:24:15,553
the world we have today,
646
00:24:15,621 --> 00:24:18,989
those conflicts led to
the formation of groups like
647
00:24:19,058 --> 00:24:22,059
al-Qaeda, Hamas and ISIS.
648
00:24:22,128 --> 00:24:24,595
Who knows where we would be if
that one promise was kept?
649
00:24:24,645 --> 00:24:29,195
Repair and Synchronization by
Easy Subtitles Synchronizer 1.0.0.0
47071
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.
Afrikaans
Albanian
Amharic
Armenian
Azerbaijani
Basque
Belarusian
Bengali
Bosnian
Bulgarian
Catalan
Cebuano
Chichewa
Chinese (Simplified)
Chinese (Traditional)
Corsican
Croatian
Czech
Danish
Esperanto
Estonian
Finnish
French
Frisian
Galician
Georgian
German
Greek
Gujarati
Haitian Creole
Hawaiian
Hungarian
Icelandic
Indonesian
Irish
Italian
Japanese
Kazakh
Khmer
Korean
Kurdish (Kurmanji)
Kyrgyz
Lao
Latvian
Lithuanian
Luxembourgish
Macedonian
Malagasy
Malay
Maltese
Maori
Mongolian
Myanmar (Burmese)
Nepali
Norwegian
Pashto
Polish
Portuguese
Romanian
Russian
Samoan
Serbian
Sesotho
Shona
Sinhala
Slovak
Slovenian
Somali
Spanish
Swahili
Swedish
Tajik
Thai
Turkish
Ukrainian
Urdu
Uzbek
Vietnamese
