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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:07,266 --> 00:00:08,567 [classical music plays] 2 00:01:10,066 --> 00:01:12,066 [narrator] As of 2013, 3 00:01:12,100 --> 00:01:14,066 the Pet Food industry was dominated 4 00:01:14,100 --> 00:01:16,300 by only five multi-conglomerate companies. 5 00:01:17,467 --> 00:01:19,600 Yet when a consumer walks into a store, 6 00:01:19,633 --> 00:01:23,767 it's easy to assume that there is a vast array of choices for their dog or cat, 7 00:01:23,800 --> 00:01:27,600 and the ability to choose that one perfect food. 8 00:01:28,767 --> 00:01:31,233 But just how different are these choices, 9 00:01:31,266 --> 00:01:34,233 and what's really going on inside of those bags? 10 00:01:34,266 --> 00:01:36,967 Is what's inside really as healthy 11 00:01:37,000 --> 00:01:39,834 as the shiny outside labeling would have you believe? 12 00:01:48,800 --> 00:01:49,800 [woman] Come inside. 13 00:01:54,633 --> 00:01:56,033 [patting rapidly] 14 00:01:56,066 --> 00:01:58,433 Come on. Come on. 15 00:01:58,467 --> 00:01:59,800 Good job. 16 00:01:59,834 --> 00:02:01,533 [Karen Becker] My name is Karen Becker, 17 00:02:01,567 --> 00:02:03,367 and I'm an integrative veterinarian 18 00:02:03,400 --> 00:02:04,767 here in Bourbonnais, Illinois. 19 00:02:11,433 --> 00:02:13,700 This is a commercially-available raw rood diet. 20 00:02:13,734 --> 00:02:14,734 This is lamb. 21 00:02:14,767 --> 00:02:17,734 I'm also going to give the boys an egg. 22 00:02:18,934 --> 00:02:20,734 -Great source of protein. -[bird chirps] 23 00:02:24,133 --> 00:02:25,200 [Karen laughs] 24 00:02:25,233 --> 00:02:28,233 -Is it feeding time, Bernard? -[cat meows] 25 00:02:28,266 --> 00:02:29,467 And that's dinner. 26 00:02:38,266 --> 00:02:39,367 [bird chirps] 27 00:02:42,200 --> 00:02:44,533 Oh, Mike, what time is it? 28 00:02:44,567 --> 00:02:46,233 -[panting] -[high-pitch] What time is it? 29 00:02:46,266 --> 00:02:47,567 [barking] 30 00:02:49,200 --> 00:02:50,600 It's very exciting. 31 00:02:50,633 --> 00:02:53,600 Okay, Aida, what time is it? 32 00:03:01,533 --> 00:03:03,834 So there's a problem in the pet food industry 33 00:03:03,867 --> 00:03:05,767 and most pet owners aren't aware that there's a problem. 34 00:03:05,800 --> 00:03:08,734 And unless you have an interest in digging deeper 35 00:03:08,767 --> 00:03:10,100 and finding out what those issues are, 36 00:03:10,133 --> 00:03:11,266 you can go through your whole life 37 00:03:11,300 --> 00:03:12,400 feeding the exact same food, 38 00:03:12,433 --> 00:03:14,633 assuming what you're doing is healthful for your pet. 39 00:03:14,667 --> 00:03:17,333 And once you start digging, 40 00:03:17,367 --> 00:03:19,867 the evidence becomes overwhelming 41 00:03:19,900 --> 00:03:23,700 that the industry has significant issues. 42 00:03:26,467 --> 00:03:28,500 [narrator] The human-animal relationship 43 00:03:28,533 --> 00:03:30,567 is deeply embedded in our society. 44 00:03:34,433 --> 00:03:37,700 It is estimated that 80 million dogs are in the United States, 45 00:03:37,734 --> 00:03:39,633 with 96 million cats. 46 00:03:43,500 --> 00:03:47,033 Americans alone spend an estimated $60 billion 47 00:03:47,066 --> 00:03:49,367 on pet expenses every year, 48 00:03:49,400 --> 00:03:51,533 and that number is growing exponentially. 49 00:03:53,033 --> 00:03:54,033 It's always a first thought 50 00:03:54,066 --> 00:03:56,400 to buy something your pet will like, 51 00:03:56,433 --> 00:03:58,967 something that will make them happy and live a healthy life. 52 00:03:59,000 --> 00:04:03,166 We give them exercise, clean water, and lots of love. 53 00:04:04,233 --> 00:04:05,467 We've always purchased food from 54 00:04:05,500 --> 00:04:07,734 a grocery store or a pet food store 55 00:04:07,767 --> 00:04:10,667 that provided convenience, the promise of nutrition, 56 00:04:10,700 --> 00:04:12,633 and familiarity with the brand. 57 00:04:12,667 --> 00:04:16,100 A very important part of this champion's diet is meat. 58 00:04:16,133 --> 00:04:17,600 That's why we feed him Friskies. 59 00:04:17,633 --> 00:04:20,367 It's a complete diet in just the right amount. 60 00:04:20,400 --> 00:04:21,700 [female cat] Very convenient. 61 00:04:21,734 --> 00:04:24,300 [narrator] The industry at large 62 00:04:24,333 --> 00:04:26,000 survived for nearly a hundred years 63 00:04:26,033 --> 00:04:28,166 without a single thought from consumers 64 00:04:28,200 --> 00:04:30,433 as to what was going into the pet food. 65 00:04:32,900 --> 00:04:34,567 That all changed in 2007, 66 00:04:34,600 --> 00:04:37,967 when a toxic ingredient made its way into pet foods, 67 00:04:38,000 --> 00:04:40,467 killing thousands of pets nationwide. 68 00:04:40,500 --> 00:04:43,467 Melamine is used as a fertilizer in Asia, 69 00:04:43,500 --> 00:04:47,200 and also has several industrial-- commercial uses, 70 00:04:47,233 --> 00:04:51,734 including a component of kitchen utensils and plates. 71 00:04:51,767 --> 00:04:53,633 The association between melamine 72 00:04:53,667 --> 00:04:56,467 in the kidneys and urine of cats that died 73 00:04:56,500 --> 00:04:59,800 and the melamine that was in the food they consumed 74 00:04:59,834 --> 00:05:01,166 is undeniable. 75 00:05:01,200 --> 00:05:03,900 Additionally, melamine is an ingredient 76 00:05:03,934 --> 00:05:06,734 that should not be in pet food at any level. 77 00:05:07,734 --> 00:05:09,734 [narrator] Following the 2007 recall 78 00:05:09,767 --> 00:05:14,100 one central question began to resonate amongst consumers: 79 00:05:14,133 --> 00:05:17,633 what are dogs and cats actually supposed to eat? 80 00:05:17,667 --> 00:05:20,300 It's confusing because the pet food industry 81 00:05:20,333 --> 00:05:22,934 is telling us what to feed our pets, 82 00:05:22,967 --> 00:05:25,967 really, more based on what they want to sell us 83 00:05:26,000 --> 00:05:27,900 than what's necessarily good for the pet. 84 00:05:27,934 --> 00:05:31,500 [talk-show host] She is Oprah Winfrey's veterinarian and now an author, 85 00:05:31,533 --> 00:05:34,467 and her new book is called "The Royal Treatment." 86 00:05:34,500 --> 00:05:36,734 Please welcome Dr. Barbara Royal. Good morning. 87 00:05:36,767 --> 00:05:38,233 -[Barbara] Good morning. -[audience cheers] 88 00:05:38,266 --> 00:05:39,734 [host] Thank you so much for being here. 89 00:05:39,767 --> 00:05:41,100 So let me ask you this, 90 00:05:41,133 --> 00:05:43,600 what are the things that we're giving them that we shouldn't, 91 00:05:43,633 --> 00:05:46,333 and then what should we be giving them that we aren't? 92 00:05:46,367 --> 00:05:49,734 So no corn, no wheat, no soy... 93 00:05:49,767 --> 00:05:51,500 After many years of R&D, 94 00:05:51,533 --> 00:05:54,033 we have found that corn is still the best available 95 00:05:54,066 --> 00:05:57,700 source of carbohydrates when processed and refined properly. 96 00:05:57,734 --> 00:06:01,467 Those are the things that cause overweight, diabetes, 97 00:06:01,500 --> 00:06:05,100 arthritis, chronic skin infections, allergies-- things like that. 98 00:06:05,133 --> 00:06:07,000 That's the precursor for a lot of that. 99 00:06:07,033 --> 00:06:08,133 If you're feeding poor nutrition-- 100 00:06:08,166 --> 00:06:09,467 and they're eating a lot of those things 101 00:06:09,500 --> 00:06:11,400 that mess with the body, they just don't stay healthy. 102 00:06:11,433 --> 00:06:13,066 Let me ask you this, Doctor, are those the things 103 00:06:13,100 --> 00:06:15,834 that you find in dog food or are you talking to people who are giving table food? 104 00:06:15,867 --> 00:06:17,000 [Barbara] No, no, it's in dog food. 105 00:06:29,166 --> 00:06:30,467 [Barbara] During the war, 106 00:06:30,500 --> 00:06:33,567 there was a moratorium on using the metal cans 107 00:06:33,600 --> 00:06:36,000 for canned foods. 108 00:06:36,033 --> 00:06:38,533 So they said you can't use metal cans for dog food anymore. 109 00:06:38,567 --> 00:06:39,967 You have to use that for ammunition. 110 00:06:42,900 --> 00:06:44,834 So somebody said we need to make the dog food 111 00:06:44,867 --> 00:06:47,266 something we could put in a paper bag. 112 00:06:47,300 --> 00:06:48,700 And that's how they did it. 113 00:06:48,734 --> 00:06:50,100 And nobody thought at that time 114 00:06:50,133 --> 00:06:52,300 that making a kibble-- 115 00:06:52,333 --> 00:06:54,767 and eventually the way that we process it now-- 116 00:06:54,800 --> 00:06:56,867 could ever be a health detriment to the dog. 117 00:06:59,266 --> 00:07:01,867 Now because of the way that the world is, 118 00:07:01,900 --> 00:07:05,633 corn and wheat have become so subsidized and so cheap, 119 00:07:05,667 --> 00:07:08,834 it's a super cheap way to make a food 120 00:07:08,867 --> 00:07:10,667 for somebody who can't say no. 121 00:07:10,700 --> 00:07:12,967 That is just too snug. 122 00:07:13,000 --> 00:07:14,700 She needs to get on her diet, 123 00:07:14,734 --> 00:07:16,967 change her food, 124 00:07:17,000 --> 00:07:18,500 and then she can do it. 125 00:07:18,533 --> 00:07:21,667 [Barbara] There's definitely an epidemic of problems now 126 00:07:21,700 --> 00:07:25,867 in animals that I don't think we've seen anything like it 127 00:07:25,900 --> 00:07:27,567 in history. 128 00:07:27,600 --> 00:07:29,533 Every animal that comes in to see me, 129 00:07:29,567 --> 00:07:31,200 they'll say, oh, they're basically healthy, 130 00:07:31,233 --> 00:07:33,734 but the list of problems is immense. 131 00:07:33,767 --> 00:07:35,500 So it's not that they're healthy. 132 00:07:35,533 --> 00:07:38,333 They're actually suffering from many, many maladies, 133 00:07:38,367 --> 00:07:40,600 a lot of the same maladies that we see in people. 134 00:07:40,633 --> 00:07:44,300 We have animals that have, you know, diabetes and arthritis. 135 00:07:44,333 --> 00:07:47,266 They have auto-immune disorders. They've got allergies, 136 00:07:47,300 --> 00:07:48,934 and part of the reason for that 137 00:07:48,967 --> 00:07:53,266 is because we are actually creating these problems. 138 00:07:53,300 --> 00:07:55,367 It's a huge epidemic of problems, 139 00:07:55,400 --> 00:07:57,300 all of them, I believe, can be linked 140 00:07:57,333 --> 00:08:01,133 to a very simple problem of diet. 141 00:08:04,533 --> 00:08:09,467 I would say... I rarely get home before 8:00. 142 00:08:10,734 --> 00:08:15,600 Um, there are days when I stop appointments at 3:00, 143 00:08:15,633 --> 00:08:18,066 just so I might make it home by 6:00. 144 00:08:18,100 --> 00:08:20,600 I would like to not work this late. 145 00:08:20,633 --> 00:08:22,300 I would like to not work this hard. 146 00:08:22,333 --> 00:08:23,734 Um... 147 00:08:26,000 --> 00:08:28,100 I don't see any way around it right now. 148 00:08:29,266 --> 00:08:31,867 I know my family would like me home more. 149 00:08:31,900 --> 00:08:34,467 My daughter said to me, 150 00:08:34,500 --> 00:08:36,233 "Mommy, when you're done writing this book and... 151 00:08:37,767 --> 00:08:39,567 and doing this conference, 152 00:08:39,600 --> 00:08:41,500 could you not do another one?" 153 00:08:44,200 --> 00:08:45,567 [soft tune] 154 00:08:45,600 --> 00:08:47,100 [Barbara chatters] 155 00:08:51,533 --> 00:08:53,100 They do not hurt each other ever. 156 00:08:53,133 --> 00:08:54,567 They've been doing this for twelve years. 157 00:08:57,834 --> 00:08:59,166 Do you look 12 years old? 158 00:08:59,200 --> 00:09:00,133 No, you don't look 12 years old. 159 00:09:00,166 --> 00:09:01,800 Do you know why you don't look 12 years old? 160 00:09:01,834 --> 00:09:05,667 Because your parents feed you excellent food. 161 00:09:05,700 --> 00:09:07,333 -[man] Where's Tibbs'? -Up next. 162 00:09:07,367 --> 00:09:09,900 [Barbara gasps] Yes, it's your dinnertime! 163 00:09:09,934 --> 00:09:11,533 It's suppertime? 164 00:09:11,567 --> 00:09:14,400 And eventually I figure out my own dinner. 165 00:09:14,433 --> 00:09:17,533 [Barbara quietly chatters] 166 00:09:20,467 --> 00:09:24,266 You put this down and they're just like-- like arrows just right on it, 167 00:09:24,300 --> 00:09:26,300 absolutely the best thing they can imagine, 168 00:09:26,333 --> 00:09:27,967 and they're so excited about eating. 169 00:09:28,000 --> 00:09:29,300 And it's gone. 170 00:09:30,734 --> 00:09:31,900 [sniffing] 171 00:09:34,533 --> 00:09:36,667 There's nothing better than making your animals happy. 172 00:09:36,700 --> 00:09:38,734 I got to say-- I mean, look how happy they are. 173 00:09:38,767 --> 00:09:42,133 They're both like, "Yes! Thank you, you're feeding me the thing I love," 174 00:09:42,166 --> 00:09:43,100 and they're so happy. 175 00:09:45,100 --> 00:09:46,700 Do I worry about them eating raw food 176 00:09:46,734 --> 00:09:47,934 and then licking me? 177 00:09:47,967 --> 00:09:50,133 No, I do not. [laughs] 178 00:09:51,400 --> 00:09:53,066 Because the fact is... 179 00:09:53,100 --> 00:09:55,667 there aren't any pathogens in that raw food 180 00:09:55,700 --> 00:09:57,367 because we're careful with it. 181 00:09:59,934 --> 00:10:02,200 I think raw food is weird to a lot of people. 182 00:10:02,233 --> 00:10:03,633 When I first mention it to people, 183 00:10:03,667 --> 00:10:05,500 they sort of say, "Raw food? 184 00:10:05,533 --> 00:10:08,367 Do I have to feed raw food to make my dog healthy? 185 00:10:08,400 --> 00:10:09,667 Like, are you crazy?" 186 00:10:09,700 --> 00:10:11,700 I'm like, well, you know, no, you don't have to. 187 00:10:11,734 --> 00:10:14,600 It-- it'll make a difference. It'll make a huge difference. 188 00:10:14,633 --> 00:10:18,200 Yeah, well, we had so much crazy processed food, 189 00:10:18,233 --> 00:10:19,934 and then all of a sudden Whole Foods came around 190 00:10:19,967 --> 00:10:22,700 and said, "We're gonna... offer fresh food. 191 00:10:22,734 --> 00:10:24,633 It's gonna cost a little more, but you're gonna like it." 192 00:10:24,667 --> 00:10:26,433 And everyone said, "No one's ever gonna do that. 193 00:10:26,467 --> 00:10:28,767 No one's gonna spend so much more money on food than--" 194 00:10:28,800 --> 00:10:31,400 You know, it's like, guess what? Yes, they will. 195 00:10:31,433 --> 00:10:34,500 Yes we will because we know. We can feel it. I can feel it. 196 00:10:34,533 --> 00:10:36,834 And now I think we've come to the point of saying, 197 00:10:36,867 --> 00:10:39,233 "Okay, we know..." [laughs] 198 00:10:39,266 --> 00:10:41,033 We know they do care. It does make a difference, 199 00:10:41,066 --> 00:10:43,333 and, uh... the species-appropriate diet 200 00:10:43,367 --> 00:10:45,300 is getting back to what it was 201 00:10:45,333 --> 00:10:48,533 before we started leaving the canned foods and stuff. 202 00:10:53,567 --> 00:10:55,800 [Karen] Dogs and cats have, at least hopefully, 203 00:10:55,834 --> 00:10:57,100 a wonderful, loving, caring owner, 204 00:10:57,133 --> 00:10:58,800 but mother nature doesn't. 205 00:10:58,834 --> 00:11:01,333 And so when animals become injured, they're on their own. 206 00:11:01,367 --> 00:11:04,333 They usually starve or die of secondary infection, 207 00:11:04,367 --> 00:11:06,967 unless they happen to meet up with a wildlife rehabilitator. 208 00:11:07,000 --> 00:11:08,433 So this is a red-tail hawk. 209 00:11:08,467 --> 00:11:11,433 He was hit by a car and has a broken, um, wing. 210 00:11:13,967 --> 00:11:17,200 One of my hobbies and passions is wildlife rehabilitation. 211 00:11:22,900 --> 00:11:24,734 This is Cordelia's pouch. 212 00:11:26,433 --> 00:11:27,900 [whispering] Cordelia. 213 00:11:28,934 --> 00:11:30,600 Are you a sleepy girl? 214 00:11:32,967 --> 00:11:33,900 [bird chirps] 215 00:11:35,567 --> 00:11:38,967 I have been fascinated with nature and life since I can remember. 216 00:11:42,000 --> 00:11:45,567 I became a licensed wildlife rehabilitator when I was 14, 217 00:11:45,600 --> 00:11:47,433 and I knew that I would have 218 00:11:47,467 --> 00:11:49,667 a lifelong career helping animals. 219 00:11:49,700 --> 00:11:52,066 So when I was 14, I heard about a woman 220 00:11:52,100 --> 00:11:55,333 that had tremendous success with wildlife rehabilitation. 221 00:11:55,367 --> 00:11:57,233 Her name was Barbara Harvey 222 00:11:57,266 --> 00:11:59,667 and she was in Horicon, Wisconsin, and I called her. 223 00:11:59,700 --> 00:12:01,600 And I said, "Barbara, my name is Karen Becker, 224 00:12:01,633 --> 00:12:03,166 and I'm 14 years old, 225 00:12:03,200 --> 00:12:05,100 and I want to know how you became so successful." 226 00:12:05,133 --> 00:12:10,333 So long-story short, she invited me to her home in Horicon, Wisconsin. 227 00:12:10,367 --> 00:12:11,967 She lives in a beautiful log cabin 228 00:12:12,000 --> 00:12:13,133 during the winter months, 229 00:12:13,166 --> 00:12:15,033 and she lives in a tepee on 13 acres 230 00:12:15,066 --> 00:12:16,066 during the summer months. 231 00:12:16,100 --> 00:12:17,633 She invited me to live in her tepee 232 00:12:17,667 --> 00:12:21,500 on her 13 acres and see how she rehabilitates 233 00:12:21,533 --> 00:12:24,467 hawks, eagles, owls, and falcons. 234 00:12:24,500 --> 00:12:28,100 Barbara has the best success rate in the country with raptors. 235 00:12:28,133 --> 00:12:30,834 And the reason she has such success, 236 00:12:30,867 --> 00:12:34,066 she feeds biologically appropriate, 237 00:12:34,100 --> 00:12:37,367 all-raw, living... 238 00:12:37,400 --> 00:12:39,400 mice, rabbits, rodents 239 00:12:39,433 --> 00:12:44,734 to those animals to be able to help the body recover from injury. 240 00:12:44,767 --> 00:12:46,900 So when I went to veterinary school years later, 241 00:12:46,934 --> 00:12:50,066 and I sat through these nutrition courses-- 242 00:12:50,100 --> 00:12:51,934 and when they gave me the laminated chart 243 00:12:51,967 --> 00:12:55,400 that told me what food I should feed with what disease process, 244 00:12:55,433 --> 00:12:57,000 things did not add up. 245 00:13:00,633 --> 00:13:02,100 [Barbara] Before I went to vet school, 246 00:13:02,133 --> 00:13:04,500 I worked for years in zoo medicine. 247 00:13:06,934 --> 00:13:08,800 The most important thing I think I learned from that 248 00:13:08,834 --> 00:13:12,233 is every species has its own requirement. 249 00:13:12,266 --> 00:13:15,066 Each species must eat what it is supposed to eat. 250 00:13:15,100 --> 00:13:19,300 It's developed, evolved, to have a specific diet that keeps it healthy. 251 00:13:20,934 --> 00:13:24,133 [Karen] Each animal has its own biologic requirement for certain nutrients. 252 00:13:24,166 --> 00:13:27,734 A species-appropriate diet for worms is dirt. 253 00:13:27,767 --> 00:13:31,133 A species-appropriate diet, let's say, for hummingbirds would be nectar. 254 00:13:31,166 --> 00:13:33,633 You can't feed earthworms nectar, 255 00:13:33,667 --> 00:13:35,800 and you can't feed hummingbirds dirt. 256 00:13:35,834 --> 00:13:37,700 Both of those animals would simply die. 257 00:13:37,734 --> 00:13:41,500 Some species, when you offer them not-biologically appropriate foods, 258 00:13:41,533 --> 00:13:42,934 they simply won't consume them. 259 00:13:42,967 --> 00:13:45,834 When you offer a snake-- another obligate carnivore-- 260 00:13:45,867 --> 00:13:48,467 a salad, they will simply starve to death. 261 00:13:48,500 --> 00:13:50,000 They will not consume 262 00:13:50,033 --> 00:13:52,967 a non-biologically appropriate food in light of sustaining life. 263 00:13:53,000 --> 00:13:54,367 They simply die. 264 00:13:54,400 --> 00:13:56,333 It gets pretty confusing with dogs and cats, 265 00:13:56,367 --> 00:13:57,633 however, because dogs and cats 266 00:13:57,667 --> 00:14:00,867 are nutritionally much more resilient than other species. 267 00:14:00,900 --> 00:14:03,867 What that means is that we can nutritionally abuse them-- 268 00:14:03,900 --> 00:14:06,934 for lack of a better term-- and they don't die immediately. 269 00:14:06,967 --> 00:14:10,233 They just have overall vitality decline, 270 00:14:10,266 --> 00:14:13,734 and overall degenerative changes take place in their bodies 271 00:14:13,767 --> 00:14:14,967 from feeding them foods 272 00:14:15,000 --> 00:14:16,633 that are not biologically appropriate. 273 00:14:25,233 --> 00:14:28,433 Cats, being obligate carnivores, have to consume meat 274 00:14:28,467 --> 00:14:30,300 to be able to thrive. 275 00:14:30,333 --> 00:14:33,400 They do not have a biologic requirement for any type of carbohydrate. 276 00:14:33,433 --> 00:14:35,633 They have a very high protein requirement, 277 00:14:35,667 --> 00:14:37,867 a very high moisture requirement, 278 00:14:37,900 --> 00:14:40,000 and a moderate fat requirement. 279 00:14:40,033 --> 00:14:42,533 Cats, originally, we thought, were domesticated 280 00:14:42,567 --> 00:14:45,700 to guard the granaries because cats don't consume grain. 281 00:14:45,734 --> 00:14:48,166 Cats consume mice that consume the grain. 282 00:14:48,200 --> 00:14:50,600 And so by domesticating cats, 283 00:14:50,633 --> 00:14:53,200 we assumed that there was a mutually- beneficial relationship. 284 00:14:54,066 --> 00:14:55,734 We do know, in the last hundred years, 285 00:14:55,767 --> 00:14:58,367 since we have produced cat foods on the market, 286 00:14:58,400 --> 00:15:00,166 that cats have experienced 287 00:15:00,200 --> 00:15:02,233 significantly more kidney disease 288 00:15:02,266 --> 00:15:05,467 and we know that they have experienced obesity, 289 00:15:05,500 --> 00:15:10,100 organ failure, and diabetes at a much higher rate. 290 00:15:10,133 --> 00:15:12,033 And certainly we need to begin evaluating 291 00:15:12,066 --> 00:15:15,700 what role nutrition has in some of those degenerative diseases. 292 00:15:15,734 --> 00:15:18,700 Kidney disease is the number one killer of cats. 293 00:15:18,734 --> 00:15:22,800 And we know that asking cats to process an entirely dehydrated food, 294 00:15:22,834 --> 00:15:25,433 such as kibble, can be very detrimental to kidney health. 295 00:15:26,567 --> 00:15:29,133 Dogs evolved from the gray wolf. 296 00:15:29,166 --> 00:15:33,633 And we know that dogs came phylogenetically out of the order "carnivora," 297 00:15:33,667 --> 00:15:35,333 which means they're carnivores. 298 00:15:35,367 --> 00:15:39,834 In 1993, the International Society of Zoologic Nomenclature 299 00:15:39,867 --> 00:15:43,133 redefined "Canis lupus familiaris" 300 00:15:43,166 --> 00:15:44,800 as just "Canis lupus." 301 00:15:44,834 --> 00:15:48,400 These are the people that define what category-- 302 00:15:48,433 --> 00:15:52,000 what taxonomy-- animals fit into and why. 303 00:15:52,033 --> 00:15:55,734 This society concluded that dogs 304 00:15:55,767 --> 00:15:57,533 were genetically identical to wolves. 305 00:15:57,567 --> 00:16:01,033 They shared 99.9 percent of the DNA. 306 00:16:01,066 --> 00:16:04,100 We know that genotypically-- the genotype-- 307 00:16:04,133 --> 00:16:05,533 the DNA is identical. 308 00:16:05,567 --> 00:16:07,800 What has changed over the last... 309 00:16:07,834 --> 00:16:10,166 200 to 300, 400 years is the phenotype. 310 00:16:10,200 --> 00:16:12,800 Phenotype is the jacket, which is what pets look like. 311 00:16:12,834 --> 00:16:15,033 We have bald dogs, dogs with white fluffy hair, 312 00:16:15,066 --> 00:16:17,734 blue eyes, dogs with crazy tufts of hair on their body, 313 00:16:17,767 --> 00:16:18,934 and no hair anywhere else, 314 00:16:18,967 --> 00:16:21,734 speckled dogs, short-legged dogs, double-coated dogs. 315 00:16:21,767 --> 00:16:25,633 We've created these fantastic varieties of breeds 316 00:16:25,667 --> 00:16:28,200 because we like diversity in what we see. 317 00:16:28,233 --> 00:16:31,934 Despite the fact that we have bred dogs to have certain characteristics, 318 00:16:31,967 --> 00:16:34,867 we have not bred out of them 319 00:16:34,900 --> 00:16:36,934 their Canis lupus DNA. 320 00:16:36,967 --> 00:16:38,000 So yes... 321 00:16:38,033 --> 00:16:40,367 Just as you can have brown hair, blond hair, 322 00:16:40,400 --> 00:16:42,567 or you could have blue eyes, green eyes, brown eyes, 323 00:16:42,600 --> 00:16:45,367 your nutritional requirements 324 00:16:45,400 --> 00:16:47,400 as a human being remain the same, 325 00:16:47,433 --> 00:16:49,767 despite the fact that you look vastly different 326 00:16:49,800 --> 00:16:52,834 depending on what your DNA dictates. 327 00:16:52,867 --> 00:16:55,066 One of the biggest problems with the pet food industry 328 00:16:55,100 --> 00:16:58,066 is there has been very poor research done into 329 00:16:58,100 --> 00:17:00,567 what actually is appropriate and isn't appropriate. 330 00:17:00,600 --> 00:17:02,967 There isn't anybody that's really minding the store 331 00:17:03,000 --> 00:17:05,834 and saying, "Here, we really know that this is needed for pet food." 332 00:17:08,166 --> 00:17:10,900 [narrator] The major companies criticize raw diets, 333 00:17:10,934 --> 00:17:12,233 warning consumers against 334 00:17:12,266 --> 00:17:14,667 the hazards of feeding raw meat to pets, 335 00:17:14,700 --> 00:17:17,367 claiming it can make your animal sick. 336 00:17:17,400 --> 00:17:19,533 However, those companies 337 00:17:19,567 --> 00:17:21,967 who repeatedly criticize feeding a raw diet 338 00:17:22,000 --> 00:17:24,133 have yet to produce a single study 339 00:17:24,166 --> 00:17:28,100 to provide any substantial evidence to support their claims. 340 00:17:28,133 --> 00:17:31,767 The problem with the types of research studies 341 00:17:31,800 --> 00:17:33,200 that you are describing, 342 00:17:33,233 --> 00:17:37,567 they would go at least 7 to 8 to 10 years in length 343 00:17:37,600 --> 00:17:40,633 before you would get a definitive answer. 344 00:17:40,667 --> 00:17:45,400 Within our, um, legal requirements and frameworks, 345 00:17:45,433 --> 00:17:49,266 it's not FDA's responsibility to do such studies. 346 00:17:49,300 --> 00:17:51,600 The research has not been done on raw foods, 347 00:17:51,633 --> 00:17:52,934 not because there isn't an interest 348 00:17:52,967 --> 00:17:54,400 but because the million dollars it takes 349 00:17:54,433 --> 00:17:57,100 to fund that particular research simply isn't there. 350 00:17:57,133 --> 00:18:00,133 Now, integrative veterinarians are working on that, 351 00:18:00,166 --> 00:18:02,800 but traditional veterinarians will say, 352 00:18:02,834 --> 00:18:04,033 "Until we see the research, 353 00:18:04,066 --> 00:18:05,900 we're not interested in recommending 354 00:18:05,934 --> 00:18:08,367 this particular food for dog and cat owners. 355 00:18:08,400 --> 00:18:10,400 We just don't believe it's safe and healthy." 356 00:18:10,433 --> 00:18:14,600 The frustration is is that we don't have clinically-proven research 357 00:18:14,633 --> 00:18:16,767 demonstrating that dry and canned foods 358 00:18:16,800 --> 00:18:19,166 are wildly healthful for pets as well. 359 00:18:20,633 --> 00:18:22,700 [Barbara] The larger corporations are not very interested 360 00:18:22,734 --> 00:18:26,000 in proving or disproving the value of their food 361 00:18:26,033 --> 00:18:27,900 because they're already making a gabillion dollars on it, 362 00:18:27,934 --> 00:18:29,934 and there's no reason to do that research. 363 00:18:29,967 --> 00:18:32,767 [narrator] Since major pet food companies are involved with 364 00:18:32,800 --> 00:18:35,233 and have influence over vet students, 365 00:18:35,266 --> 00:18:37,567 lack of education surrounding raw diets 366 00:18:37,600 --> 00:18:39,934 exist heavily among traditional vets. 367 00:18:39,967 --> 00:18:42,700 When clients come to veterinarians 368 00:18:42,734 --> 00:18:44,900 who have not been educated about raw foods at all 369 00:18:44,934 --> 00:18:47,200 and say, "I'm considering feeding my pets raw meat," 370 00:18:47,233 --> 00:18:50,700 of course the logical conclusion is... "Why?" 371 00:18:50,734 --> 00:18:53,567 There's a lot of bacteria in the raw diets, 372 00:18:53,600 --> 00:18:56,066 and it's kind of a ticking time clock. 373 00:18:56,100 --> 00:18:59,066 "You could harm them," or "Why would you do that?" or "It's risky." 374 00:18:59,100 --> 00:19:03,600 I think raw food has too much of a potential for negative side affects 375 00:19:03,633 --> 00:19:04,967 that it's just not worth it. 376 00:19:05,000 --> 00:19:09,000 People's biggest question is there could be... 377 00:19:09,033 --> 00:19:11,967 pathogens or bacteria, parasites within the food 378 00:19:12,033 --> 00:19:14,200 that could cause illness to pets. 379 00:19:14,233 --> 00:19:16,633 When dogs eat raw diets, 380 00:19:16,667 --> 00:19:20,667 their feces, their poop has a lot of bacteria. 381 00:19:20,700 --> 00:19:23,767 Um, let's talk about eating shit. 382 00:19:27,200 --> 00:19:29,133 Dogs-- if given the opportunity-- 383 00:19:29,166 --> 00:19:31,000 will eat poop. 384 00:19:34,934 --> 00:19:36,934 We tend to look the other way when dogs do this. 385 00:19:36,967 --> 00:19:38,934 Dogs lick their butts. 386 00:19:38,967 --> 00:19:42,100 Dogs do a variety of behaviors that if humans or other animals 387 00:19:42,133 --> 00:19:43,400 were to do it, we would die. 388 00:19:45,533 --> 00:19:47,700 Dogs and cats, being carnivores, 389 00:19:47,734 --> 00:19:50,367 are... equipped to be able to process 390 00:19:50,400 --> 00:19:53,200 their evolutionary food source, which is raw meat. 391 00:19:54,233 --> 00:19:56,367 All of their digestion has acclimated 392 00:19:56,400 --> 00:19:58,767 and has evolved to be able to process 393 00:19:58,800 --> 00:20:02,033 whole, living, unadulterated protein. 394 00:20:02,066 --> 00:20:04,166 So from ripping and tearing, 395 00:20:04,200 --> 00:20:07,033 their dentition is set up to be able to process meat. 396 00:20:07,066 --> 00:20:09,800 Their stomach acid is very acidic, 397 00:20:09,834 --> 00:20:12,533 in fact, a pH of 1, which is highly acidic. 398 00:20:12,567 --> 00:20:14,200 That stomach acid is in place 399 00:20:14,233 --> 00:20:16,667 to be able to neutralize pathogens 400 00:20:16,700 --> 00:20:20,567 or potential harmful bacteria that could be present in the food. 401 00:20:20,600 --> 00:20:22,200 [Barbara] From the outside, the pet food industry 402 00:20:22,233 --> 00:20:24,233 looks like the perfect industry. 403 00:20:24,266 --> 00:20:26,734 There are beautiful packages. 404 00:20:26,767 --> 00:20:30,300 There are diets for every disease and disorder. 405 00:20:30,333 --> 00:20:33,600 There's all kinds of different colors and beautiful pictures. 406 00:20:33,633 --> 00:20:35,400 And if you look a little deeper, 407 00:20:35,433 --> 00:20:38,767 unfortunately that isn't what the pet food industry is all about. 408 00:20:41,867 --> 00:20:43,734 [narrator] It's more difficult than you would imagine. 409 00:20:43,767 --> 00:20:46,066 At first you think, "I'll just stop by the store, 410 00:20:46,100 --> 00:20:48,433 waltz right in, and buy my pet some food." 411 00:20:49,734 --> 00:20:51,834 You walk in, you browse. 412 00:20:53,233 --> 00:20:54,567 The lighting persuades you. 413 00:20:55,567 --> 00:20:57,166 The music speeds you up. 414 00:20:57,200 --> 00:20:59,033 The pretty pictures slow you down. 415 00:20:59,066 --> 00:21:01,800 In this moment, you officially surrender 416 00:21:01,834 --> 00:21:03,567 to the overwhelming realization 417 00:21:03,600 --> 00:21:05,567 that you have no idea what the real difference 418 00:21:05,600 --> 00:21:07,867 is between all these bags. 419 00:21:09,133 --> 00:21:10,834 And if you're being totally honest with yourself, 420 00:21:10,867 --> 00:21:13,500 you've probably never even read the ingredients 421 00:21:13,533 --> 00:21:15,433 of a pet food label in your life. 422 00:21:15,467 --> 00:21:18,133 So it becomes very difficult to go into any store 423 00:21:18,166 --> 00:21:19,967 and discern a great product from a terrible product. 424 00:21:20,000 --> 00:21:22,000 It becomes confusing for a lot of people. 425 00:21:22,033 --> 00:21:24,533 The labeling is beautiful, the packaging is great. 426 00:21:24,567 --> 00:21:26,166 There's some key words that look pretty good 427 00:21:26,200 --> 00:21:27,066 and sound pretty good, 428 00:21:27,100 --> 00:21:28,633 so it becomes nearly impossible-- 429 00:21:28,667 --> 00:21:30,533 if you don't have background experience or some training-- 430 00:21:30,567 --> 00:21:33,033 to be able to know what would be a good choice 431 00:21:33,066 --> 00:21:34,700 and what would be a bad choice. 432 00:21:34,734 --> 00:21:36,967 I've collected a few examples here, 433 00:21:37,000 --> 00:21:38,367 and we're gonna go over some labels. 434 00:21:38,400 --> 00:21:41,066 My first example is a food 435 00:21:41,100 --> 00:21:43,300 that on the front says... 436 00:21:43,333 --> 00:21:46,767 "It's thoughtfully prepared, bursting with flavor." 437 00:21:46,800 --> 00:21:48,100 Who doesn't want that in a pet food? 438 00:21:48,133 --> 00:21:49,800 The first ingredient is... 439 00:21:49,834 --> 00:21:51,667 Second ingredient is... 440 00:21:51,700 --> 00:21:53,867 Third ingredient is... 441 00:21:53,900 --> 00:21:55,533 Fourth ingredient is... 442 00:21:55,567 --> 00:21:58,033 followed by... 443 00:21:58,066 --> 00:21:59,900 We can stop there. 444 00:21:59,934 --> 00:22:02,767 B.H.A. is a toxic preservative 445 00:22:02,800 --> 00:22:05,133 that should not be found in any human or pet foods, 446 00:22:05,166 --> 00:22:06,834 despite the fact that it is. 447 00:22:06,867 --> 00:22:07,967 The first three ingredients 448 00:22:08,000 --> 00:22:10,467 are carbohydrates that are totally unnecessary, 449 00:22:10,500 --> 00:22:12,500 followed by a totally toxic preservative. 450 00:22:12,533 --> 00:22:15,333 So cute bag, not up to par. 451 00:22:15,367 --> 00:22:17,000 [stutters] Next we have a food 452 00:22:17,033 --> 00:22:19,133 that has won, actually, several packaging awards 453 00:22:19,166 --> 00:22:20,600 because it's so beautiful. 454 00:22:20,633 --> 00:22:23,033 There are chunks of meat falling from the sky 455 00:22:23,066 --> 00:22:25,233 and a beautiful ear of corn. 456 00:22:25,266 --> 00:22:28,700 Here we have a nice array of radioactive colors 457 00:22:28,734 --> 00:22:30,900 that have been added in for you the consumer. 458 00:22:30,934 --> 00:22:33,300 Dogs and cats cannot see all these different colors. 459 00:22:33,333 --> 00:22:34,567 This is added in because you think, 460 00:22:34,600 --> 00:22:36,166 "My gosh, it looks beautiful. 461 00:22:36,200 --> 00:22:37,533 My pet would love it." 462 00:22:37,567 --> 00:22:40,867 But the amazing buzz words like "playful life"-- 463 00:22:40,900 --> 00:22:42,467 What pet owner 464 00:22:42,500 --> 00:22:44,400 doesn't want their pet to have a playful life? 465 00:22:44,433 --> 00:22:46,333 This is just entirely marketing. 466 00:22:46,367 --> 00:22:48,967 First ingredient... 467 00:22:49,000 --> 00:22:51,300 Totally biologically unnecessary. 468 00:22:51,333 --> 00:22:53,166 Second ingredient... 469 00:22:53,200 --> 00:22:55,033 Totally rendered and inappropriate 470 00:22:55,066 --> 00:22:56,467 in terms of quality 471 00:22:56,500 --> 00:22:57,900 to be nourishing your dog with. 472 00:22:57,934 --> 00:22:59,834 Third ingredient... 473 00:22:59,867 --> 00:23:02,567 Very allergenic, totally unnecessary. 474 00:23:02,600 --> 00:23:05,500 Fourth ingredient... 475 00:23:05,533 --> 00:23:06,767 and then "animal fat." 476 00:23:06,800 --> 00:23:09,700 Although this food really looks to be beautiful 477 00:23:09,734 --> 00:23:11,834 and something to be interested in nourishing your pet with, 478 00:23:11,867 --> 00:23:13,433 my recommendation is to avoid it. 479 00:23:13,467 --> 00:23:16,233 Over here they have a special little tag line: 480 00:23:16,266 --> 00:23:19,266 "OptiHealth with prebiotic fiber." 481 00:23:19,300 --> 00:23:21,233 There's a lot of these patented words, 482 00:23:21,266 --> 00:23:23,300 or trademarked words that companies will use 483 00:23:23,333 --> 00:23:25,233 to help kind of discern their product 484 00:23:25,266 --> 00:23:26,900 having something special included 485 00:23:26,934 --> 00:23:29,400 as a means of you coming back and buying it 486 00:23:29,433 --> 00:23:31,500 because other brands that you're comparing it to 487 00:23:31,533 --> 00:23:33,567 doesn't have the OptiHealth included. 488 00:23:33,600 --> 00:23:36,033 So, uh, good marketing on that behalf. 489 00:23:36,066 --> 00:23:40,033 This particular food is fabulous quality... 490 00:23:40,066 --> 00:23:41,900 if you were a goat. 491 00:23:41,934 --> 00:23:43,200 [bleats] 492 00:23:43,233 --> 00:23:46,667 When you add up "organic brown rice, organic oats, 493 00:23:46,700 --> 00:23:51,233 organic millet, organic barley, organic grain sorghum, 494 00:23:51,266 --> 00:23:53,867 organic peas, organic potatoes"-- 495 00:23:53,900 --> 00:23:57,934 that portion of the ingredients in this particular food 496 00:23:57,967 --> 00:24:01,333 doesn't outweigh the organic chicken or the chicken meal. 497 00:24:01,367 --> 00:24:04,300 "Healthy." Um, really? What are you supposed to say? 498 00:24:04,333 --> 00:24:05,433 Unhealthy? 499 00:24:05,467 --> 00:24:07,433 The worst possible food in my opinion 500 00:24:07,467 --> 00:24:08,767 you could ever feed your dog 501 00:24:08,800 --> 00:24:11,467 because... the number one ingredient: 502 00:24:11,500 --> 00:24:15,633 "beef by-product, soy grits, high fructose corn syrup." 503 00:24:15,667 --> 00:24:17,600 [narrator] What is by-product? 504 00:24:17,633 --> 00:24:19,400 By-product is what's left over 505 00:24:19,433 --> 00:24:21,100 after an animal has been slaughtered 506 00:24:21,133 --> 00:24:23,400 and all the edible parts have been removed. 507 00:24:23,433 --> 00:24:28,000 The criticism lies in the mystery of the meats being used. 508 00:24:28,033 --> 00:24:29,500 What is quality? 509 00:24:29,533 --> 00:24:32,967 Quality is a term used when discussing how good or bad 510 00:24:33,000 --> 00:24:35,700 the raw material that goes into the food actually is. 511 00:24:35,734 --> 00:24:38,700 Whether this protein comes from diseased animals, 512 00:24:38,734 --> 00:24:40,567 euthanized animals, roadkill, 513 00:24:40,600 --> 00:24:43,000 human food waste or processing, 514 00:24:43,033 --> 00:24:46,934 the industry doesn't have to disclose the source of the ingredient. 515 00:24:48,533 --> 00:24:51,133 That doesn't prevent them from easily proclaiming 516 00:24:51,166 --> 00:24:53,367 that every ounce of their pet food 517 00:24:53,400 --> 00:24:54,567 is of the highest quality. 518 00:24:55,834 --> 00:24:58,400 The issue is-- on the back of the dog and cat food bag, 519 00:24:58,433 --> 00:25:01,100 it doesn't say rendered terrible quality protein. 520 00:25:01,133 --> 00:25:02,633 It doesn't say that. It also-- 521 00:25:02,667 --> 00:25:07,266 We also can't list, legally, grade-A, USDA-inspected meat. 522 00:25:07,300 --> 00:25:09,667 So this leaves this giant gap for the consumer 523 00:25:09,700 --> 00:25:10,767 to have to fill in that void, 524 00:25:10,800 --> 00:25:12,333 and it's wildly confusing. 525 00:25:12,367 --> 00:25:14,734 [narrator] The controversy with kibble exists 526 00:25:14,767 --> 00:25:16,867 because dry food is void of moisture. 527 00:25:18,400 --> 00:25:20,166 When your animal eats dry food, 528 00:25:20,200 --> 00:25:24,033 they're put in a permanent state of dehydration. 529 00:25:24,066 --> 00:25:25,266 The quality and sourcing 530 00:25:25,300 --> 00:25:28,000 of where the ingredients came from is kept secret. 531 00:25:28,033 --> 00:25:30,533 And even if the ingredients were perfect, 532 00:25:30,567 --> 00:25:32,300 the manufacturing process 533 00:25:32,333 --> 00:25:35,600 to make a meat product shelf- stable for extended periods 534 00:25:35,633 --> 00:25:38,200 is performed at extremely high temperatures. 535 00:25:41,266 --> 00:25:43,367 This creates two potent carcinogens: 536 00:25:43,400 --> 00:25:46,433 heterocyclic amines and acrylamides. 537 00:25:46,467 --> 00:25:50,667 However, most companies do not disclose to the consumer 538 00:25:50,700 --> 00:25:52,633 what temperature their foods are cooked at. 539 00:25:52,667 --> 00:25:56,166 And they act as if the trace amounts of carcinogens 540 00:25:56,200 --> 00:25:57,767 pose no threat. 541 00:25:57,800 --> 00:26:00,633 It was around 1948 when veterinarian Mark Morris 542 00:26:00,667 --> 00:26:03,800 decided to create the first prescription pet food, 543 00:26:03,834 --> 00:26:06,166 still recognizable today. 544 00:26:06,200 --> 00:26:11,233 At the time, Mark Morris was critical of pet foods lacking quality ingredients 545 00:26:11,266 --> 00:26:16,000 and he wanted to make a superior product backed by scientific research. 546 00:26:16,033 --> 00:26:20,734 He teamed up with canning manufacturer Burton Hill to fulfill his vision. 547 00:26:20,767 --> 00:26:23,834 The result became what we know today as Science Diet, 548 00:26:23,867 --> 00:26:27,433 sold in veterinarian offices all across the country. 549 00:26:27,467 --> 00:26:31,100 But in 2013, The Wall Street Journal reported 550 00:26:31,133 --> 00:26:33,500 Hill's was starting to see its profits decline 551 00:26:33,533 --> 00:26:37,233 because consumers no longer identified with their ingredients. 552 00:26:37,266 --> 00:26:41,266 Science Diet has since refocused on re-branding their image 553 00:26:41,300 --> 00:26:44,266 as more natural, creating new product lines 554 00:26:44,300 --> 00:26:47,400 and shying away from controversial and rendered ingredients. 555 00:26:49,533 --> 00:26:51,200 The National Renders Association 556 00:26:51,233 --> 00:26:53,800 argues that they're providing a necessary role 557 00:26:53,834 --> 00:26:56,333 when it comes to the recycling of animal carcasses. 558 00:26:57,433 --> 00:26:59,400 If there wasn't anywhere to put the animal waste 559 00:26:59,433 --> 00:27:01,033 from the human food industry, 560 00:27:01,066 --> 00:27:02,734 where would it go? 561 00:27:02,767 --> 00:27:03,734 In the Earth? 562 00:27:03,767 --> 00:27:05,000 In the air? 563 00:27:06,100 --> 00:27:07,133 In the ocean? 564 00:27:08,433 --> 00:27:10,033 It all has to go somewhere. 565 00:27:14,900 --> 00:27:17,433 [Karen] We have a huge quality control problem. 566 00:27:17,467 --> 00:27:19,233 Meaning the quality of the ingredients 567 00:27:19,266 --> 00:27:20,867 coming into the industry-- 568 00:27:20,900 --> 00:27:23,433 anything from potentially fabulous 569 00:27:23,467 --> 00:27:25,433 USDA-inspected human grade, 570 00:27:25,467 --> 00:27:28,633 all the way down to entirely rendered, 571 00:27:28,667 --> 00:27:31,467 which is every piece and part you could ever imagine, 572 00:27:31,500 --> 00:27:34,400 and actually probably don't even want to think about. 573 00:27:34,433 --> 00:27:36,500 [man] The final result is used manufacture 574 00:27:36,533 --> 00:27:38,033 hundreds of products, 575 00:27:38,066 --> 00:27:40,400 everything from soap to candles 576 00:27:40,433 --> 00:27:42,567 to pet food to cosmetics. 577 00:27:42,600 --> 00:27:45,433 [Karen] Pet food manufacturers get their raw ingredients 578 00:27:45,467 --> 00:27:47,066 from a variety of sources. 579 00:27:47,100 --> 00:27:48,967 Ingredients can be leftovers 580 00:27:49,000 --> 00:27:51,633 from the human food processing plants, 581 00:27:51,667 --> 00:27:53,133 leftovers from slaughterhouses, 582 00:27:53,166 --> 00:27:56,467 or ranchers and farmers that have had animals die. 583 00:27:56,500 --> 00:27:59,233 Those industry leftovers and dead animals 584 00:27:59,266 --> 00:28:02,333 are collected by rendering facilities. 585 00:28:02,367 --> 00:28:05,533 Pet food companies blend these recycled ingredients together 586 00:28:05,567 --> 00:28:07,133 with synthetic vitamins and minerals 587 00:28:07,166 --> 00:28:10,834 to create a profitable, "complete and balanced diet" 588 00:28:10,867 --> 00:28:13,867 that is then marketed to pet lovers. 589 00:28:13,900 --> 00:28:17,300 [on TV] ♪ I'll tell you a story you'll never forget ♪ 590 00:28:17,333 --> 00:28:20,533 ♪ A story about you and your cigarette ♪ 591 00:28:20,567 --> 00:28:22,400 ♪ Enjoy smoother smoking ♪ 592 00:28:22,433 --> 00:28:24,033 ♪ Choose wisely, choose well ♪ 593 00:28:24,066 --> 00:28:26,967 ♪ Smoke longer and finer, and milder Pall Mall ♪ 594 00:28:27,000 --> 00:28:28,266 [singing trails off] 595 00:28:28,300 --> 00:28:30,266 [Karen] So the pet food industry today is similar 596 00:28:30,300 --> 00:28:33,233 similar to the tobacco industry in the '40s and '50s 597 00:28:33,266 --> 00:28:35,066 when you had medical doctors 598 00:28:35,100 --> 00:28:37,000 recommend the use of tobacco, 599 00:28:37,033 --> 00:28:38,400 not because it was a conspiracy 600 00:28:38,433 --> 00:28:40,367 or because they believed that they were in any way harming, 601 00:28:40,400 --> 00:28:41,767 they just didn't know. 602 00:28:41,800 --> 00:28:43,500 [announcer] Tens of thousands of doctors, 603 00:28:43,533 --> 00:28:46,533 general practitioners, surgeons, specialists, 604 00:28:46,567 --> 00:28:49,133 doctors in every branch of medicine were included. 605 00:28:49,166 --> 00:28:50,900 [Karen] Very similar, in my opinion, 606 00:28:50,934 --> 00:28:52,767 to what's happening in the pet food industry. 607 00:28:52,800 --> 00:28:55,000 You have well-meaning, lovely veterinarians 608 00:28:55,033 --> 00:28:56,133 recommending foods-- 609 00:28:56,166 --> 00:28:58,233 not because they have sound nutritional background, 610 00:28:58,266 --> 00:29:00,300 but because that's all that they know. 611 00:29:00,333 --> 00:29:02,633 And in 100 years time 612 00:29:02,667 --> 00:29:06,667 we have successfully convinced an entire generation of pet lovers that, 613 00:29:06,700 --> 00:29:10,300 "Why would you feed anything but dog food or cat food?" 614 00:29:10,333 --> 00:29:12,700 [narrator] Looking at the rules that guide the pet food industry, 615 00:29:12,734 --> 00:29:14,600 it's easy to see how they are set up 616 00:29:14,633 --> 00:29:17,433 to benefit the corporations over the consumer. 617 00:29:18,400 --> 00:29:19,633 The regulators have created 618 00:29:19,667 --> 00:29:21,967 special terminology for packages, 619 00:29:22,000 --> 00:29:24,667 assuming that consumers would be able to guess what they mean. 620 00:29:24,700 --> 00:29:27,600 Any product containing the words "dinner," 621 00:29:27,633 --> 00:29:29,367 "nugget," or "formula" 622 00:29:29,400 --> 00:29:32,400 only have to contain 25% actual meat. 623 00:29:32,433 --> 00:29:34,300 Any product labeled "with" 624 00:29:34,333 --> 00:29:36,567 only has to contain 3% meat. 625 00:29:37,667 --> 00:29:40,300 Furthermore, the so-called flavor rule 626 00:29:40,333 --> 00:29:43,367 allows for any protein to be listed on the back. 627 00:29:43,400 --> 00:29:46,667 It may be flavored as meat, but in reality 628 00:29:46,700 --> 00:29:48,934 a bag that contains the word "flavor" 629 00:29:48,967 --> 00:29:51,500 may contain little to no meat. 630 00:29:51,533 --> 00:29:53,934 By using the key word "flavor" on the package, 631 00:29:53,967 --> 00:29:57,967 the pet food could, but does not have to contain any meat at all. 632 00:29:58,000 --> 00:30:01,433 But it's acceptable for the package to contain an image of a fresh steak. 633 00:30:01,467 --> 00:30:05,300 Ingredient panels do display protein percentages, 634 00:30:05,333 --> 00:30:09,700 But protein percentages do not represent actual meat content in the product, 635 00:30:09,734 --> 00:30:12,900 as protein can come from a multitude of sources. 636 00:30:12,934 --> 00:30:15,867 his raises the question if the average consumer knows 637 00:30:15,900 --> 00:30:21,266 that the terminology used on packages reveal the exact amounts of meats used in foods. 638 00:30:21,300 --> 00:30:24,066 Trying to understand who exactly makes these rules 639 00:30:24,100 --> 00:30:26,333 and what their actual legal authority is, 640 00:30:26,367 --> 00:30:28,533 leads to many different organizations. 641 00:30:28,567 --> 00:30:31,533 [Vince Field] The Association of American Feed Control Officials 642 00:30:31,567 --> 00:30:35,033 is a non-governmental organization. 643 00:30:35,066 --> 00:30:37,033 They have a model bill that sets the standards 644 00:30:37,066 --> 00:30:39,767 in terms of ingredients, nutrient levels, 645 00:30:39,800 --> 00:30:42,066 package labeling in terms of ingredients as well 646 00:30:42,100 --> 00:30:45,567 for pet food companies to abide by. 647 00:30:45,600 --> 00:30:47,367 [narrator] Each year members of AAFCO 648 00:30:47,400 --> 00:30:49,834 come together to update their official publication, 649 00:30:49,867 --> 00:30:51,500 which defines each ingredient 650 00:30:51,533 --> 00:30:53,300 that's allowed to go into pet food. 651 00:30:54,633 --> 00:30:56,500 Members of the major pet food companies 652 00:30:56,533 --> 00:30:57,734 attend the meetings as well, 653 00:30:57,767 --> 00:30:59,533 allowing their voice to be heard 654 00:30:59,567 --> 00:31:01,834 when it comes to what goes into pet foods. 655 00:31:03,500 --> 00:31:05,000 So who is AAFCO? 656 00:31:05,033 --> 00:31:07,066 [Robert Waltz] I think if you looked at our websites, 657 00:31:07,100 --> 00:31:10,166 we have some very clear statements about the fact 658 00:31:10,200 --> 00:31:12,700 that AAFCO is not a regulatory organization 659 00:31:12,734 --> 00:31:13,633 in itself. 660 00:31:13,667 --> 00:31:15,133 That's one thing important. 661 00:31:15,166 --> 00:31:18,533 Second is that-- that AAFCO doesn't approve products. 662 00:31:18,567 --> 00:31:20,600 What we do is we deal with the ingredients, 663 00:31:20,633 --> 00:31:24,900 and the scientific validation, if you will, of the ingredients 664 00:31:24,934 --> 00:31:26,500 that go into the food. 665 00:31:26,533 --> 00:31:31,000 And then the actual claim that a manufacturer makes that it's AAFCO approved 666 00:31:31,033 --> 00:31:35,367 is probably not representing what AAFCO itself would say. 667 00:31:40,600 --> 00:31:42,433 It's a gathering of sheriffs. 668 00:31:42,467 --> 00:31:45,166 They're there just to get agreement 669 00:31:45,200 --> 00:31:49,033 on the best level of nutrition that can be required. 670 00:31:49,066 --> 00:31:51,400 The FDA has worked closely with AAFCO 671 00:31:51,433 --> 00:31:53,467 on the regulation of all animal feeds, 672 00:31:53,500 --> 00:31:54,667 not just pet food. 673 00:31:54,700 --> 00:31:56,967 I think the important thing to remember 674 00:31:57,000 --> 00:31:59,400 is FDA is a true regulatory authority, 675 00:31:59,433 --> 00:32:01,567 where AAFCO is an association 676 00:32:01,600 --> 00:32:03,734 of state feed control officials. 677 00:32:03,767 --> 00:32:06,734 As such, AAFCO has no regulatory authority. 678 00:32:06,767 --> 00:32:08,767 If you meet the nutrient level for protein, 679 00:32:08,800 --> 00:32:10,433 it makes no difference whether that protein 680 00:32:10,467 --> 00:32:13,767 comes from a healthy protein source like chicken 681 00:32:13,800 --> 00:32:16,133 or whether it comes from a base protein source 682 00:32:16,166 --> 00:32:17,867 like wheat flour or wheat gluten 683 00:32:17,900 --> 00:32:21,066 that's been, um, fortified with protein of some kind. 684 00:32:21,100 --> 00:32:22,767 As long as you meet the nutrient levels 685 00:32:22,800 --> 00:32:26,700 that they've set, the food is approved as AAFCO approved. 686 00:32:26,734 --> 00:32:31,066 When you look at the AAFCO manual, I think you really begin to see 687 00:32:31,100 --> 00:32:34,667 how the interests of AAFCO and the pet food industry align. 688 00:32:34,700 --> 00:32:37,633 Actually putting together a list of ingredients that you would want to see 689 00:32:37,667 --> 00:32:39,567 and pet foods that you would want your pets to eat. 690 00:32:39,600 --> 00:32:42,700 And then forcing that on the industry, they've done it in reverse, 691 00:32:42,734 --> 00:32:46,934 and basically just accepted the standards that the industry has been using for years. 692 00:32:46,967 --> 00:32:49,300 I'm quoting now. "Use of the term or claim, 693 00:32:49,333 --> 00:32:52,066 'natural' on pet food labels." 694 00:32:52,100 --> 00:32:53,934 So if I want to use the word "natural" 695 00:32:53,967 --> 00:32:56,567 on my dog food label, 696 00:32:56,600 --> 00:33:00,433 here are the rules, and I am quoting this verbatim. 697 00:33:00,467 --> 00:33:03,300 "A feed or ingredient derived solely 698 00:33:03,333 --> 00:33:06,166 from plant, animal, or mined sources, 699 00:33:06,200 --> 00:33:09,033 either in its unprocessed state 700 00:33:09,066 --> 00:33:12,633 or having been subject to physical processing, 701 00:33:12,667 --> 00:33:14,767 heat processing, rendering, 702 00:33:14,800 --> 00:33:18,367 purification, extraction," et cetera. 703 00:33:18,400 --> 00:33:22,300 It goes on and essentially these are all definitions 704 00:33:22,333 --> 00:33:26,900 of the antithesis of "natural." 705 00:33:26,934 --> 00:33:29,367 All consumers would assume 706 00:33:29,400 --> 00:33:34,467 that if their dog food said the word "natural" on it, 707 00:33:34,500 --> 00:33:37,266 uh, that what's in it 708 00:33:37,300 --> 00:33:39,567 would not be a rendered product. 709 00:33:39,600 --> 00:33:42,600 They're meeting the industry standards 710 00:33:42,633 --> 00:33:45,734 and the industry regulations that they've promulgated themselves. 711 00:33:45,767 --> 00:33:48,734 So it's a vicious circle of they meet their own-- 712 00:33:48,767 --> 00:33:50,834 they create their own regulations, 713 00:33:50,867 --> 00:33:52,367 they meet their own regulations, 714 00:33:52,400 --> 00:33:55,166 and then they can claim that they're providing you 715 00:33:55,200 --> 00:33:58,100 organic and all-natural foods when in fact, it doesn't meet 716 00:33:58,133 --> 00:34:01,800 what consumers believe those terms actually mean, 717 00:34:01,834 --> 00:34:05,066 but it does meet what the industry has defined them as. 718 00:34:05,100 --> 00:34:08,033 The definition of the word 719 00:34:08,066 --> 00:34:10,100 and the use of the term "organic," 720 00:34:10,133 --> 00:34:13,066 "must have 3% organic chicken 721 00:34:13,100 --> 00:34:17,700 and at least 67% other organic ingredients." 722 00:34:17,734 --> 00:34:21,166 "Could contain non-organic chicken meal 723 00:34:21,200 --> 00:34:23,834 or non-organic chicken fat." 724 00:34:23,867 --> 00:34:26,266 This is not an independent organization 725 00:34:26,300 --> 00:34:29,066 that is regulated by the FDA or the USDA. 726 00:34:29,100 --> 00:34:31,133 This is not the government overseeing 727 00:34:31,166 --> 00:34:34,600 safe and adequate food sources for dogs and cats. 728 00:34:34,633 --> 00:34:37,200 This is a self-regulated industry 729 00:34:37,233 --> 00:34:39,066 setting their own requirements 730 00:34:39,100 --> 00:34:42,867 and then letting dog and cat food manufacturers know 731 00:34:42,900 --> 00:34:45,100 that if they're interested in having the food 732 00:34:45,133 --> 00:34:47,400 be labeled as "nutritionally adequate," 733 00:34:47,433 --> 00:34:49,266 they need to adhere to their standards 734 00:34:49,300 --> 00:34:51,100 that they have put in place themselves. 735 00:34:51,133 --> 00:34:53,233 So the FDA's primary role 736 00:34:53,266 --> 00:34:56,734 is in regulation of what the label says is in there 737 00:34:56,767 --> 00:34:57,767 is actually in there. 738 00:34:57,800 --> 00:34:59,734 So the FDA is not regulating quality, 739 00:34:59,767 --> 00:35:02,533 production, um, sourcing, any of those things. 740 00:35:02,567 --> 00:35:06,000 They're regulating that what you say is on the label is actually on the label. 741 00:35:06,033 --> 00:35:08,867 The most shocking thing about the pet food industry 742 00:35:08,900 --> 00:35:12,700 that has remained since basically I started doing this work 743 00:35:12,734 --> 00:35:15,000 is the FDA compliance policies. 744 00:35:15,033 --> 00:35:20,000 I still cannot understand how an industry 745 00:35:20,033 --> 00:35:22,633 is provided, by a federal 746 00:35:22,667 --> 00:35:26,100 tax-supported organization, 747 00:35:26,133 --> 00:35:29,633 loopholes to avoid federal law. 748 00:35:29,667 --> 00:35:31,367 If you go to the FDA website 749 00:35:31,400 --> 00:35:34,233 and just type in "compliance policies," 750 00:35:34,266 --> 00:35:37,567 and then scroll down the page to "animal feed." 751 00:35:37,600 --> 00:35:40,700 And there's one after another-- 752 00:35:40,734 --> 00:35:44,166 they allow "contamination by pesticides, 753 00:35:44,200 --> 00:35:47,133 contamination by industrial chemicals, 754 00:35:47,166 --> 00:35:50,233 contamination by natural toxins, 755 00:35:50,266 --> 00:35:52,767 contamination by filth, 756 00:35:52,800 --> 00:35:55,300 microbiological contamination, 757 00:35:55,333 --> 00:35:59,467 over-tolerance or unpermitted drug residues." 758 00:36:00,900 --> 00:36:02,166 It's incredible. 759 00:36:03,433 --> 00:36:05,767 The law says that can't be, 760 00:36:05,800 --> 00:36:10,133 but the compliance policy says, "Don't worry, go ahead. 761 00:36:10,166 --> 00:36:12,767 We won't enforce the law." 762 00:36:12,800 --> 00:36:17,233 The reforms that need to be done in the pet food industry are not done. 763 00:36:17,266 --> 00:36:22,633 There are some steps that I've seen, people seem to be interested, 764 00:36:22,667 --> 00:36:25,834 I've had a lot of FDA-- 765 00:36:25,867 --> 00:36:29,266 You know, you talk to the FDA and they're like, "We really want to fix this." 766 00:36:29,300 --> 00:36:33,767 But the fact is, it's pet food, and who has the time? 767 00:36:33,800 --> 00:36:35,433 And who has the money, really? 768 00:36:35,467 --> 00:36:37,667 I mean, you know, we've got bigger fish to fire right now. 769 00:36:37,700 --> 00:36:40,100 For all practical purposes, 770 00:36:40,133 --> 00:36:43,734 there's nobody looking out for the average dog. 771 00:36:43,767 --> 00:36:46,000 [narrator] In 2006, a mystery illness 772 00:36:46,033 --> 00:36:47,767 began to sicken thousands of pets 773 00:36:47,800 --> 00:36:49,567 across the United States and Canada, 774 00:36:49,600 --> 00:36:51,934 thrusting the industry into the spotlight 775 00:36:51,967 --> 00:36:54,700 like never before. 776 00:36:54,734 --> 00:36:57,033 [newscaster] Okay, everyone is so freaked out about this recall. 777 00:36:57,066 --> 00:36:59,300 Tell us, what do people need to know about this recall? 778 00:36:59,333 --> 00:37:00,967 Well, so it's Menu Foods. 779 00:37:01,000 --> 00:37:02,800 -[newscaster 2] Menu Foods. -[newscaster 3] Menu Foods. 780 00:37:02,834 --> 00:37:04,233 -[man] Menu Foods. -[woman] No, Menu Foods. 781 00:37:04,266 --> 00:37:06,500 [narrator] On March 16, 2007, 782 00:37:06,533 --> 00:37:08,500 Menu Foods began recalling dog foods 783 00:37:08,533 --> 00:37:11,967 produced in their facilities in Kansas and New Jersey. 784 00:37:12,000 --> 00:37:13,667 What disturbs me about this incident 785 00:37:13,700 --> 00:37:15,567 is that it confirms yet again that pet food 786 00:37:15,600 --> 00:37:17,266 as well as human food is at risk. 787 00:37:17,300 --> 00:37:18,934 More than 60 million packages 788 00:37:18,967 --> 00:37:20,867 were taken off store shelves last month 789 00:37:20,900 --> 00:37:22,734 because they apparently contained wheat gluten 790 00:37:22,767 --> 00:37:24,567 that was tainted with the chemical melamine. 791 00:37:24,600 --> 00:37:25,934 When the recall was announced, 792 00:37:25,967 --> 00:37:27,967 nobody knew what the problem was. 793 00:37:28,000 --> 00:37:29,633 [newscaster] Veterinary offices are getting flooded 794 00:37:29,667 --> 00:37:31,400 with phone calls from concerned pet owners. 795 00:37:31,433 --> 00:37:34,200 [reporter] Did the people on the other end of the phone sound worried? 796 00:37:34,233 --> 00:37:35,934 Yes, very worried, yes. 797 00:37:35,967 --> 00:37:37,867 [newscaster] No official estimates on exactly 798 00:37:37,900 --> 00:37:39,734 how many have died so far, 799 00:37:39,767 --> 00:37:41,467 but hundreds of pets have suffered. 800 00:37:41,500 --> 00:37:43,467 My strong belief is... 801 00:37:43,500 --> 00:37:45,200 that they were intentionally delaying. 802 00:37:45,233 --> 00:37:46,600 The recall happened 803 00:37:46,633 --> 00:37:48,700 because they thought they were purchasing 804 00:37:48,734 --> 00:37:51,800 a certain protein product called wheat gluten 805 00:37:51,834 --> 00:37:54,700 that has actually a pretty high protein count, 806 00:37:54,734 --> 00:37:56,900 when in fact they were buying 807 00:37:56,934 --> 00:38:01,700 wheat flour that had been laced with cyanuric acid and melamine 808 00:38:01,734 --> 00:38:04,000 in order to pass it off as wheat gluten. 809 00:38:04,033 --> 00:38:06,066 The way they test protein sources 810 00:38:06,100 --> 00:38:09,333 is to do this-- to check the level of hydrogen in it. 811 00:38:09,367 --> 00:38:13,233 And both cyanuric acid and, uh, melamine 812 00:38:13,266 --> 00:38:14,667 have high levels of hydrogen, 813 00:38:14,700 --> 00:38:19,300 so they just would inject the wheat flour with this-- these poisons 814 00:38:19,333 --> 00:38:21,700 and then pass it off as wheat gluten. 815 00:38:21,734 --> 00:38:23,033 And the reason they were doing that 816 00:38:23,066 --> 00:38:25,633 is that wheat gluten costs a lot more 817 00:38:25,667 --> 00:38:29,533 per protein count, per ton than wheat flour. 818 00:38:29,567 --> 00:38:32,967 When the wheat gluten got into Menu Foods system, 819 00:38:33,000 --> 00:38:37,100 it infiltrated all this other pet food. 820 00:38:37,133 --> 00:38:39,800 [newscaster] That's when hundreds of pets got sick or died 821 00:38:39,834 --> 00:38:42,467 from eating the food made by Menu Foods. 822 00:38:42,500 --> 00:38:44,500 That company makes dog and cat food 823 00:38:44,533 --> 00:38:46,500 under 90 brand names. 824 00:38:46,533 --> 00:38:51,133 In 2007, pet owners didn't have any idea 825 00:38:51,166 --> 00:38:55,633 that one manufacturer, Menu Foods, made hundreds 826 00:38:55,667 --> 00:38:57,233 of different varieties of foods. 827 00:38:57,266 --> 00:38:59,834 That was a betrayal of trust 828 00:38:59,867 --> 00:39:01,567 to so many pet owners. 829 00:39:01,600 --> 00:39:03,734 [newscaster] This is leading people to wonder at this point 830 00:39:03,767 --> 00:39:06,233 what can we safely feed our pets? 831 00:39:06,266 --> 00:39:08,734 Do we need more-- I hate to say this-- 832 00:39:08,767 --> 00:39:11,400 [laughs] regulation of pet food, 833 00:39:11,433 --> 00:39:14,600 more inspection or some way to get to the bottom of this? 834 00:39:14,633 --> 00:39:16,200 Purina tonight is recalling a batch 835 00:39:16,233 --> 00:39:18,433 of its Purina One dog food. 836 00:39:18,467 --> 00:39:20,967 A warning tonight to check the food 837 00:39:21,000 --> 00:39:22,333 you are feeding your pet. 838 00:39:22,367 --> 00:39:23,533 Many vets are reporting 839 00:39:23,567 --> 00:39:25,166 that they are seeing pets getting sick 840 00:39:25,200 --> 00:39:26,800 from recalled dog food. 841 00:39:26,834 --> 00:39:27,800 Food that should have been 842 00:39:27,834 --> 00:39:30,066 taken off store shelves months ago. 843 00:39:31,033 --> 00:39:32,033 [Jay] I remember it vividly. 844 00:39:32,066 --> 00:39:33,934 I was sitting in my little office. 845 00:39:33,967 --> 00:39:36,000 I got a call out of the blue 846 00:39:36,033 --> 00:39:38,867 from a woman named Dawn Majerczyk, 847 00:39:38,900 --> 00:39:41,600 who told me that she wanted to bring a lawsuit 848 00:39:41,633 --> 00:39:43,500 against the entire pet food industry. 849 00:39:44,533 --> 00:39:46,967 They knew they had contaminated food. 850 00:39:47,000 --> 00:39:48,867 They knew it was poison. 851 00:39:48,900 --> 00:39:51,333 They knew it killed animals, 852 00:39:51,367 --> 00:39:55,633 and they continued to sell it and put it on the market. 853 00:39:55,667 --> 00:39:57,333 I mean, you just don't do that, 854 00:39:57,367 --> 00:39:58,800 but it's a money market. 855 00:39:58,834 --> 00:40:00,300 They were making money 856 00:40:00,333 --> 00:40:02,433 and I wanted it stopped. 857 00:40:02,467 --> 00:40:04,033 [newscaster] CBS News has learned 858 00:40:04,066 --> 00:40:07,166 the tainted wheat gluten used in pet food was human grade 859 00:40:07,200 --> 00:40:09,834 meaning nothing but luck kept it from being used 860 00:40:09,867 --> 00:40:11,333 in the food people eat too. 861 00:40:11,367 --> 00:40:12,667 [narrator] The most shocking aspect 862 00:40:12,700 --> 00:40:15,233 discovered in two subcommittee hearings 863 00:40:15,266 --> 00:40:18,133 was that the ingredient used in the pet foods 864 00:40:18,166 --> 00:40:20,567 that was responsible for killing the animals, 865 00:40:20,600 --> 00:40:23,433 was actually legal to use in human foods. 866 00:40:23,467 --> 00:40:26,133 On top of that, the FDA admitted 867 00:40:26,166 --> 00:40:28,200 that there was no penalty given to a company 868 00:40:28,233 --> 00:40:32,700 if they failed to notify the FDA in a reasonable amount of time. 869 00:40:34,300 --> 00:40:37,000 In this case, Menu Foods faced criticism 870 00:40:37,033 --> 00:40:41,166 for failing to notify the FDA for over three weeks, 871 00:40:41,200 --> 00:40:44,500 even after they confirmed dogs and cats were dying, 872 00:40:44,533 --> 00:40:45,934 and they knew the cause. 873 00:40:45,967 --> 00:40:48,266 But other than complain about the ethics, 874 00:40:48,300 --> 00:40:51,834 no one in a government position could fine Menu Foods 875 00:40:51,867 --> 00:40:54,500 for allowing the food to continue to be sold, 876 00:40:54,533 --> 00:40:57,166 even though they knew animals would die as a result. 877 00:40:58,066 --> 00:41:00,934 But Menu Foods would not testify. 878 00:41:00,967 --> 00:41:03,100 -[chattering] -[newscaster] The lobby group that came in its place 879 00:41:03,133 --> 00:41:04,467 was left to explain why Menu 880 00:41:04,500 --> 00:41:08,166 supposedly knew tests were making animals sick on February 20th, 881 00:41:08,200 --> 00:41:11,400 but didn't tell the FDA until 3 weeks later. 882 00:41:11,433 --> 00:41:13,133 Let's get the record straight. 883 00:41:13,166 --> 00:41:15,266 Now, Menu waited more than three weeks 884 00:41:15,300 --> 00:41:17,734 after finding out that the dogs wouldn't eat their food 885 00:41:17,767 --> 00:41:19,967 and were getting sick. They waited three weeks! 886 00:41:20,000 --> 00:41:21,400 I don't have the facts on Menu, Senator. 887 00:41:21,433 --> 00:41:22,867 I don't have direct information-- 888 00:41:22,900 --> 00:41:25,166 I would think before you came to the hearing, you would have the facts. 889 00:41:25,200 --> 00:41:26,834 [narrator] But on the industry side, 890 00:41:26,867 --> 00:41:30,400 they were still maintaining that they were highly regulated, 891 00:41:30,433 --> 00:41:32,834 though the evidence exposed by the recall 892 00:41:32,867 --> 00:41:34,600 appeared to confirm the fear 893 00:41:34,633 --> 00:41:37,400 that the industry wasn't regulated very much. 894 00:41:37,433 --> 00:41:41,734 Pet foods are indeed a highly regulated product. 895 00:41:41,767 --> 00:41:44,166 They are perhaps the most regulated product 896 00:41:44,200 --> 00:41:45,400 on the supermarket's shelves. 897 00:41:45,433 --> 00:41:48,867 Mr. Nelson was very clear in his statement 898 00:41:48,900 --> 00:41:51,333 that AAFCO has no regulatory authority. 899 00:41:51,367 --> 00:41:55,066 We've been told by the FDA that there is no pre-market approval 900 00:41:55,100 --> 00:41:57,000 of this product sold to consumers. 901 00:41:57,033 --> 00:41:59,700 We know that there's no regular inspection 902 00:41:59,734 --> 00:42:01,967 of the facilities that make these products. 903 00:42:02,000 --> 00:42:06,266 What we are told is that 30% of these facilities 904 00:42:06,300 --> 00:42:10,867 will be inspected once or twice over a 3 1/2 year period. 905 00:42:11,934 --> 00:42:13,867 We know that there is no government authority 906 00:42:13,900 --> 00:42:17,000 to recall a contaminated product. 907 00:42:17,033 --> 00:42:20,800 We know that there was no mandatory state inspection standards 908 00:42:20,834 --> 00:42:23,633 established by the Food and Drug Administration 909 00:42:23,667 --> 00:42:25,066 across the United States. 910 00:42:25,100 --> 00:42:28,367 We know that the claims being made on the label here 911 00:42:28,400 --> 00:42:29,800 about this dog food 912 00:42:29,834 --> 00:42:34,533 are beyond the claims that can be made about human food, 913 00:42:34,567 --> 00:42:38,333 and we're told-- at least Dr. Hodgkins has told us that 914 00:42:38,367 --> 00:42:41,000 it's questionable as to whether or not 915 00:42:41,033 --> 00:42:43,166 a company that makes contaminated pet food 916 00:42:43,200 --> 00:42:45,166 has to report to anyone 917 00:42:45,200 --> 00:42:47,233 about adverse events in a timely fashion, 918 00:42:47,266 --> 00:42:50,200 whether a dog has died or dogs are dying. 919 00:42:50,233 --> 00:42:52,700 When I go through that long list of things, 920 00:42:52,734 --> 00:42:56,033 it's hard to conclude this is a highly-regulated product. 921 00:42:56,066 --> 00:42:58,600 But in terms of having another outbreak 922 00:42:58,633 --> 00:43:01,433 in terms of scale of 2007, 923 00:43:01,467 --> 00:43:04,400 really think our pets are the canaries in the coal mines, so to speak. 924 00:43:04,433 --> 00:43:07,433 The only way we'll know is when our pets start to get sick again. 925 00:43:07,467 --> 00:43:10,266 We're still having recalls. We're having ch-- 926 00:43:10,300 --> 00:43:12,800 you know, chicken jerky that's killing thousands of pets. 927 00:43:12,834 --> 00:43:16,000 We can't identify the source of the contaminant 928 00:43:16,033 --> 00:43:19,100 that's still killing pets. That's scary. 929 00:43:19,133 --> 00:43:21,200 [narrator] After the 2007 recall, 930 00:43:21,233 --> 00:43:24,166 another mysterious illness began to plague dogs 931 00:43:24,200 --> 00:43:25,734 all across the country. 932 00:43:25,767 --> 00:43:28,333 It was soon discovered that consumers who purchased 933 00:43:28,367 --> 00:43:30,533 various brands of chicken jerky treats 934 00:43:30,567 --> 00:43:32,133 to reward their dogs 935 00:43:32,166 --> 00:43:35,333 were actually poisoning their pets instead. 936 00:43:35,367 --> 00:43:37,934 Owners were devastated to find their dogs either sick 937 00:43:37,967 --> 00:43:41,633 or dead after consuming these co-called treats. 938 00:43:41,667 --> 00:43:43,000 We went to Pet Smart 939 00:43:43,033 --> 00:43:46,533 and my wife was looking at the treat aisle there, 940 00:43:46,567 --> 00:43:50,500 and she saw dehydrated jerky chicken treats. 941 00:43:50,533 --> 00:43:53,900 [stutters] And she's like, well, why don't we try these? 942 00:43:53,934 --> 00:43:56,700 This is-- the only thing I see is just in-- chicken. 943 00:43:56,734 --> 00:43:59,433 So I agree, you know, and we brought it home. 944 00:43:59,467 --> 00:44:01,934 And we fed it, and you know, 945 00:44:01,967 --> 00:44:04,166 it didn't take long before we saw big changes. 946 00:44:06,867 --> 00:44:10,100 [woman] And what stands out in my mind from buying them that day 947 00:44:10,133 --> 00:44:13,600 is that I looked at the bag and they appeared wholesome, 948 00:44:13,633 --> 00:44:16,500 they really had this almost organic, 949 00:44:16,533 --> 00:44:19,000 good-for-you feel about the packaging. 950 00:44:19,033 --> 00:44:21,133 And so we grabbed three packages, 951 00:44:21,166 --> 00:44:23,200 it was around Christmas time that we bought them. 952 00:44:23,233 --> 00:44:26,800 And we put them all in the stockings for the dogs. 953 00:44:26,834 --> 00:44:29,500 So I remember getting them because they looked so good for the dogs. 954 00:44:30,867 --> 00:44:32,734 [woman reading] "We believe your dog deserves treats 955 00:44:32,767 --> 00:44:34,867 made with the same quality of ingredients and care 956 00:44:34,900 --> 00:44:36,667 that you want with your food." 957 00:44:38,834 --> 00:44:41,500 "Created by people who love dogs." 958 00:44:41,533 --> 00:44:45,100 No artificial colors, no artificial flavors or fillers. 959 00:44:46,967 --> 00:44:49,700 And the list of ingredients is very short. 960 00:44:49,734 --> 00:44:52,367 The packaging just looks like a-- it's-- 961 00:44:53,567 --> 00:44:55,467 It looks like they've put a lot of thought into it. 962 00:44:55,500 --> 00:44:57,500 It looks like they care about their animals. 963 00:44:57,533 --> 00:45:02,100 It looks like it's real food and nothing artificial. 964 00:45:02,133 --> 00:45:06,367 Sitting there's just, uh, a kitchen, home-style dog. 965 00:45:06,400 --> 00:45:10,667 So it-- you-- just would lend-- lend you to think it's healthy. 966 00:45:10,700 --> 00:45:12,500 It's more natural. 967 00:45:12,533 --> 00:45:15,233 It's like a jerky that-- it almost looks like human jerky. 968 00:45:21,233 --> 00:45:22,967 While Cali was at the vet, 969 00:45:23,000 --> 00:45:25,166 I knew that she had eaten the Milo's treats. 970 00:45:25,200 --> 00:45:26,900 So while she was there, I went online 971 00:45:26,934 --> 00:45:28,433 and I started researching. 972 00:45:28,467 --> 00:45:31,166 And I was sick to find 973 00:45:31,200 --> 00:45:34,600 that there was just this huge amount information 974 00:45:34,633 --> 00:45:36,433 about these chicken jerky treats. 975 00:45:36,467 --> 00:45:38,800 It was Milo's, it was Canyon Creek, 976 00:45:38,834 --> 00:45:40,200 it was Waggin' Train. 977 00:45:40,233 --> 00:45:42,500 There were dead dogs, there were dying dogs, 978 00:45:42,533 --> 00:45:46,667 dogs with just crazy problems from them. 979 00:45:46,700 --> 00:45:48,734 [narrator] The American companies selling the chicken jerky 980 00:45:48,767 --> 00:45:50,734 were all sourcing their treats 981 00:45:50,767 --> 00:45:53,900 from one single manufacturing facility in China, 982 00:45:53,934 --> 00:45:56,000 even though they were labeled and sold 983 00:45:56,033 --> 00:45:57,700 as several different brands, 984 00:45:57,734 --> 00:45:59,867 a practice known as white labeling. 985 00:46:02,266 --> 00:46:06,066 Over a span of years, the companies involved strongly denied 986 00:46:06,100 --> 00:46:07,900 that their products were causing any such harm, 987 00:46:07,934 --> 00:46:10,600 even though thousands of complaints were pouring in 988 00:46:10,633 --> 00:46:12,133 from their consumers. 989 00:46:12,166 --> 00:46:15,667 Since 2007, the FDA has extensively tested 990 00:46:15,700 --> 00:46:17,633 many brands of chicken jerky treats, 991 00:46:17,667 --> 00:46:18,800 including ours. 992 00:46:18,834 --> 00:46:21,734 That testing has identified no contaminants 993 00:46:21,767 --> 00:46:24,533 and no definitive cause linking these products 994 00:46:24,567 --> 00:46:26,000 to reported illnesses in dogs. 995 00:46:26,033 --> 00:46:28,700 [narrator] In the initial stages of backlash, 996 00:46:28,734 --> 00:46:32,300 companies tried to get consumers to sign non-disclosure agreements, 997 00:46:32,333 --> 00:46:33,867 which would have barred consumers 998 00:46:33,900 --> 00:46:36,300 from legally speaking about the death of their pets-- 999 00:46:36,333 --> 00:46:39,266 a way to silence the very victims this had happened to. 1000 00:46:39,300 --> 00:46:42,533 Del Monte offered money in exchange for signatures, 1001 00:46:42,567 --> 00:46:44,133 but their bribery backfired. 1002 00:46:44,166 --> 00:46:46,100 Offended pet owners refused the money, 1003 00:46:46,133 --> 00:46:48,734 even banding together on a Facebook page 1004 00:46:48,767 --> 00:46:50,500 to share their stories and information 1005 00:46:50,533 --> 00:46:52,133 to try and get the products recalled 1006 00:46:52,166 --> 00:46:53,533 from the stores' shelves. 1007 00:46:53,567 --> 00:46:56,867 And when I came down in the morning, um, I checked on her, 1008 00:46:56,900 --> 00:46:58,633 and she was breathing, she was sleeping. 1009 00:46:58,667 --> 00:47:00,834 And, um, I went upstairs to take a shower, 1010 00:47:00,867 --> 00:47:04,734 and I heard her food bowl go across the floor. 1011 00:47:04,767 --> 00:47:07,667 And I go, "Oh, Cali's up" and I took a shower. 1012 00:47:07,700 --> 00:47:09,300 And then I came back downstairs, 1013 00:47:09,333 --> 00:47:11,400 and she was dead. 1014 00:47:11,433 --> 00:47:13,133 [Rachel] It was just that fast. 1015 00:47:15,600 --> 00:47:16,500 Yup. 1016 00:47:19,000 --> 00:47:19,867 Um... 1017 00:47:21,300 --> 00:47:23,133 I went to move her... 1018 00:47:26,734 --> 00:47:27,967 [sniffles] 1019 00:47:28,000 --> 00:47:30,066 [woman cries] There was blood everywhere. 1020 00:47:30,100 --> 00:47:32,700 She had been bleeding out of her chest, 1021 00:47:32,734 --> 00:47:34,934 and her mouth opened, 1022 00:47:34,967 --> 00:47:37,834 and she was bleeding out of her mouth and her nose. 1023 00:47:41,467 --> 00:47:43,734 It was the most horrible thing I've ever seen. 1024 00:47:43,767 --> 00:47:44,900 [sniffs] 1025 00:47:46,300 --> 00:47:49,767 [Trent cries] I-- well, I lifted her up and my hand was just-- 1026 00:47:52,734 --> 00:47:53,967 [sniffs hard] 1027 00:47:55,633 --> 00:47:57,400 So when I called Del Monte, 1028 00:47:57,433 --> 00:48:01,900 I received a woman at, I presume, their call center, 1029 00:48:01,934 --> 00:48:04,834 and it was almost scripted, her response to me. 1030 00:48:04,867 --> 00:48:08,900 [woman] Any reports out there with dogs becoming sick 1031 00:48:08,934 --> 00:48:11,300 or dying or anything from our Milo's, 1032 00:48:11,333 --> 00:48:13,834 um, the FDA did step in. 1033 00:48:13,867 --> 00:48:15,834 They did extensive amount of testing. 1034 00:48:15,867 --> 00:48:17,800 They did a 17-step process, 1035 00:48:17,834 --> 00:48:21,800 uh, you know, in reference to our treats. 1036 00:48:21,834 --> 00:48:24,266 There have not to this day been any link 1037 00:48:24,300 --> 00:48:27,367 to any of those reports that consumers put on the Internet, 1038 00:48:27,400 --> 00:48:30,233 nor has there been any contaminants found. 1039 00:48:30,266 --> 00:48:33,567 That's why they are still on the market today as we speak, 1040 00:48:33,600 --> 00:48:35,834 and we do stand behind the products. 1041 00:48:37,300 --> 00:48:40,300 Dogs can get sick from any new treat, 1042 00:48:40,333 --> 00:48:44,033 you know, any type of food that's new to them. 1043 00:48:44,066 --> 00:48:47,433 As far as, you know, deaths or anything like that, 1044 00:48:47,467 --> 00:48:50,400 like I said, anything that has ever been reported, 1045 00:48:50,433 --> 00:48:52,300 um, the FDA did step in, 1046 00:48:52,333 --> 00:48:54,133 and there's never been any contaminants 1047 00:48:54,166 --> 00:48:56,633 or any link to any of those illnesses with the treats. 1048 00:48:56,667 --> 00:48:58,567 It was crystal clear that the products 1049 00:48:58,600 --> 00:49:00,533 were not coming off the shelf any time soon. 1050 00:49:00,567 --> 00:49:03,500 So my next call was to my local ABC station. 1051 00:49:03,533 --> 00:49:05,867 [newscaster] Rachel Chambers of Morgan Hill 1052 00:49:05,900 --> 00:49:08,066 lost her dog Cali yesterday morning. 1053 00:49:08,100 --> 00:49:10,567 She says it was a sudden and painful death. 1054 00:49:10,600 --> 00:49:12,200 [newscaster 2] The vet found that she died 1055 00:49:12,233 --> 00:49:14,300 after her stomach twisted and ruptured, 1056 00:49:14,333 --> 00:49:17,066 but it remains undetermined what caused that to happen. 1057 00:49:17,100 --> 00:49:20,266 According to the FDA, nearly 1,000 pet owners 1058 00:49:20,300 --> 00:49:21,867 have complained about this product. 1059 00:49:21,900 --> 00:49:23,633 [newscaster] Despite the FDA warnings, 1060 00:49:23,667 --> 00:49:27,200 the treats are still on shelves at Target, WalMart, Costco, 1061 00:49:27,233 --> 00:49:29,400 PetCo and PetSmart. 1062 00:49:29,433 --> 00:49:31,266 Admittedly, it's somewhat frustrating 1063 00:49:31,300 --> 00:49:33,900 because we haven't been able to find a problem 1064 00:49:33,934 --> 00:49:35,467 with the product. 1065 00:49:35,500 --> 00:49:37,066 We say, yes, there's sick animals, 1066 00:49:37,100 --> 00:49:39,066 Uh, we believe there's strong evidence 1067 00:49:39,100 --> 00:49:40,100 that's associated with it, 1068 00:49:40,133 --> 00:49:41,600 but when we go look at the product, 1069 00:49:41,633 --> 00:49:43,767 and we've tested for numerous things, 1070 00:49:43,800 --> 00:49:45,200 we haven't been able to find 1071 00:49:45,233 --> 00:49:46,600 anything that would suggest 1072 00:49:46,633 --> 00:49:50,633 that this product right here, there's a problem with it. 1073 00:49:50,667 --> 00:49:53,300 Sometimes toxic ingredients are a combination of things. 1074 00:49:53,333 --> 00:49:55,600 Sometimes a toxic ingredient, 1075 00:49:55,633 --> 00:49:58,066 you know, is when you mix this with that, 1076 00:49:58,100 --> 00:49:59,700 and then that creates the problems. 1077 00:49:59,734 --> 00:50:01,367 So if you're looking for just one thing, 1078 00:50:01,400 --> 00:50:03,133 it's hard to know what that is. 1079 00:50:03,166 --> 00:50:06,567 [narrator] The chicken jerky issue lasted until 2013. 1080 00:50:06,600 --> 00:50:09,867 Nearly six years after the first complaints were made. 1081 00:50:09,900 --> 00:50:12,033 Upon investigation, 1082 00:50:12,066 --> 00:50:14,166 the New York State Department of Agriculture 1083 00:50:14,200 --> 00:50:17,767 discovered illegal traces of antibiotics in the treats. 1084 00:50:17,800 --> 00:50:19,567 Even though it couldn't be proven 1085 00:50:19,600 --> 00:50:23,233 that the antibiotics had directly caused the deaths of the pets, 1086 00:50:23,266 --> 00:50:25,567 it was a technical adulterant needed 1087 00:50:25,600 --> 00:50:28,133 for the State Department to force these companies 1088 00:50:28,166 --> 00:50:31,266 to withdraw the products in question from the shelves. 1089 00:50:31,300 --> 00:50:34,734 The trace amounts of antibiotic residue found in these samples 1090 00:50:34,767 --> 00:50:38,066 are not linked to the FDA's ongoing investigation 1091 00:50:38,100 --> 00:50:39,834 of chicken jerky products. 1092 00:50:39,867 --> 00:50:43,166 And again, the trace amounts of antibiotic residue 1093 00:50:43,200 --> 00:50:45,734 do not pose a health or pet safety risk. 1094 00:50:45,767 --> 00:50:47,467 It has damaged my trust. 1095 00:50:48,400 --> 00:50:51,000 I-- I don't trust companies anymore. 1096 00:50:51,033 --> 00:50:52,667 They don't care about me. 1097 00:50:52,700 --> 00:50:54,867 They care about my money. 1098 00:50:54,900 --> 00:50:56,834 And that's-- that's a terrible thing. 1099 00:50:56,867 --> 00:50:58,834 [narrator] When death or sickness is involved 1100 00:50:58,867 --> 00:51:01,633 the cards appear to be stacked against consumers. 1101 00:51:01,667 --> 00:51:04,333 This is because, according to the United States government, 1102 00:51:04,367 --> 00:51:06,633 your beloved companion is considered property 1103 00:51:06,667 --> 00:51:09,166 that is worth little to no monetary value. 1104 00:51:09,200 --> 00:51:12,033 It's very difficult to put a value on companion animals. 1105 00:51:12,066 --> 00:51:13,467 The courts have struggled with this. 1106 00:51:13,500 --> 00:51:16,100 Where it really comes down to a struggle 1107 00:51:16,133 --> 00:51:17,734 is what are the damages to somebody 1108 00:51:17,767 --> 00:51:20,633 who has had a pet that's been injured or killed? 1109 00:51:20,667 --> 00:51:24,166 For the most part, they're still considered a piece of property. 1110 00:51:24,200 --> 00:51:25,700 Most courts are willing to just do 1111 00:51:25,734 --> 00:51:27,266 the quickest possible analysis, 1112 00:51:27,300 --> 00:51:30,533 which is, you know, what did you pay for the animal? 1113 00:51:30,567 --> 00:51:34,300 How much did you suffer in terms of veterinary-- veterinarian bills 1114 00:51:34,333 --> 00:51:36,867 or that kind of thing, in terms of caring for the animal? 1115 00:51:36,900 --> 00:51:38,800 And, you know, that's what you're able to recover, 1116 00:51:38,834 --> 00:51:41,266 rather than those sort of emotional connection 1117 00:51:41,300 --> 00:51:43,333 that you have with the animal or that kind of thing. 1118 00:51:43,367 --> 00:51:45,100 [narrator] In 2015, 1119 00:51:45,133 --> 00:51:47,133 government agencies value human life 1120 00:51:47,166 --> 00:51:50,400 between $6 and $9 million to provide some leverage 1121 00:51:50,433 --> 00:51:52,567 to consumers in the unfortunate case 1122 00:51:52,600 --> 00:51:54,700 that injury or death were to occur. 1123 00:51:54,734 --> 00:51:57,133 In contrast, within the pet food world, 1124 00:51:57,166 --> 00:51:59,166 no such evaluation exists. 1125 00:51:59,200 --> 00:52:01,767 Even in the largest of class-action lawsuits, 1126 00:52:01,800 --> 00:52:03,133 the money awarded to victims 1127 00:52:03,166 --> 00:52:06,000 whose pets have been directly harmed by pet food, 1128 00:52:06,033 --> 00:52:08,533 is insignificant when compared to the massive profits 1129 00:52:08,567 --> 00:52:10,467 that companies make each year. 1130 00:52:10,500 --> 00:52:13,000 So as far as profits are involved, 1131 00:52:13,033 --> 00:52:15,266 there is no incentive for companies to do 1132 00:52:15,300 --> 00:52:18,300 what consumers believe is the right thing. 1133 00:52:18,333 --> 00:52:19,934 I'm Sebastian Gay. I'm a-- 1134 00:52:19,967 --> 00:52:21,900 I'm the father of a theory 1135 00:52:21,934 --> 00:52:26,000 of economic valuation of companion animals. 1136 00:52:26,033 --> 00:52:29,100 [narrator] Providing an economic valuation for companion animals 1137 00:52:29,133 --> 00:52:31,300 creates a formula, which can then be used 1138 00:52:31,333 --> 00:52:34,233 to fairly evaluate the worth of a dog or cat. 1139 00:52:34,266 --> 00:52:36,066 The main problem 1140 00:52:36,100 --> 00:52:38,567 in the valuation of companion animals 1141 00:52:38,600 --> 00:52:41,033 was the discrepancy that existed 1142 00:52:41,066 --> 00:52:45,066 between the true value of a companion animal 1143 00:52:45,100 --> 00:52:46,800 that veterinarians were giving you 1144 00:52:46,834 --> 00:52:48,567 in case something happened to them 1145 00:52:48,600 --> 00:52:51,700 and the amount of money that people were spending on their companion animals. 1146 00:52:51,734 --> 00:52:55,800 [narrator] If settlements like the one in 2007 were not in the millions, 1147 00:52:55,834 --> 00:52:57,834 but instead in the hundreds of millions, 1148 00:52:57,867 --> 00:53:01,000 that alone would be a game changer for corporations, 1149 00:53:01,033 --> 00:53:05,367 who would be under serious pressure to prevent recalls at all cost. 1150 00:53:05,400 --> 00:53:07,533 I don't think the playing field has entirely changed... 1151 00:53:08,700 --> 00:53:10,066 but it might soon, you know. 1152 00:53:10,100 --> 00:53:13,467 It takes a big case, I think, to really change everything. 1153 00:53:18,767 --> 00:53:20,500 I'm Susan Thixton 1154 00:53:20,533 --> 00:53:23,166 and I run the website truthaboutpetfood.com. 1155 00:53:25,333 --> 00:53:28,533 I started teaching people about pet food 1156 00:53:28,567 --> 00:53:30,166 before the website began. 1157 00:53:30,200 --> 00:53:34,400 About 20 years ago, my own dog-- almost overnight, 1158 00:53:34,433 --> 00:53:38,066 we noticed a tumor on her pelvic bone-- 1159 00:53:38,100 --> 00:53:41,734 took her to the vet and he told me that the-- 1160 00:53:41,767 --> 00:53:44,734 it was a chemical preservative in the pet food. 1161 00:53:44,767 --> 00:53:47,500 It was more than likely this was bone cancer, 1162 00:53:47,533 --> 00:53:49,500 and this chemical preservative 1163 00:53:49,533 --> 00:53:53,100 in the food was more than likely the cause of the cancer. 1164 00:53:54,367 --> 00:53:57,166 You know, my brain couldn't wrap my head around that. 1165 00:53:57,200 --> 00:53:59,633 How could a food that I trusted-- 1166 00:53:59,667 --> 00:54:01,066 and this was the leading food 1167 00:54:01,100 --> 00:54:02,633 in the United States at the time-- 1168 00:54:02,667 --> 00:54:07,300 how could a food cause cancer 1169 00:54:07,333 --> 00:54:08,433 and kill my dog? 1170 00:54:08,467 --> 00:54:12,800 And he said it was to extend the shelf life. 1171 00:54:12,834 --> 00:54:16,033 Well, back then I barely knew what shelf life was, 1172 00:54:16,066 --> 00:54:21,400 but I called this pet food manufacturer just to confirm, 1173 00:54:21,433 --> 00:54:23,500 because I was really doubting my own vet, 1174 00:54:23,533 --> 00:54:25,734 and asked them what 1175 00:54:25,767 --> 00:54:28,400 the shelf life was of this particular dog food. 1176 00:54:28,433 --> 00:54:32,367 And what they told me, literally, changed my life. 1177 00:54:32,400 --> 00:54:36,800 Their exact words, which are seared into my brain were, 1178 00:54:36,834 --> 00:54:39,266 the shelf life-- the pet food would stay fresh 1179 00:54:39,300 --> 00:54:41,066 for 25 years. 1180 00:54:41,100 --> 00:54:44,467 There was that many chemicals in the food 1181 00:54:44,500 --> 00:54:47,100 that the food would stay "fresh" 1182 00:54:47,133 --> 00:54:50,166 for more than three times longer than my dog lived. 1183 00:54:50,200 --> 00:54:53,767 When you have a dog or a cat 1184 00:54:53,800 --> 00:54:55,467 that pet food kills-- 1185 00:54:56,633 --> 00:54:59,633 Your own pet-- and you poured that food 1186 00:54:59,667 --> 00:55:01,166 in their bowl-- 1187 00:55:01,200 --> 00:55:03,367 so you feel really responsible-- 1188 00:55:03,400 --> 00:55:05,500 it is life-altering. 1189 00:55:05,533 --> 00:55:07,934 Weekly, if not daily... 1190 00:55:09,100 --> 00:55:11,166 I hear from other pet owners 1191 00:55:11,200 --> 00:55:14,133 that are or were in the same exact boat as me. 1192 00:55:14,166 --> 00:55:16,700 That's what keeps you going. 1193 00:55:19,934 --> 00:55:22,000 I'm very optimistic 1194 00:55:22,033 --> 00:55:26,333 that the more awareness will bring about change. 1195 00:55:26,367 --> 00:55:28,066 I think... 1196 00:55:28,100 --> 00:55:32,433 [stutters] the big players, big pet food will still be there, 1197 00:55:32,467 --> 00:55:34,767 uh, just like McDonald's 1198 00:55:34,800 --> 00:55:37,667 is still serving up food. 1199 00:55:37,700 --> 00:55:41,500 However, pets eat that McDonald's every single day. 1200 00:55:41,533 --> 00:55:43,066 So it's very important for pet owners 1201 00:55:43,100 --> 00:55:46,467 to be aware more than fast food purchasers, 1202 00:55:46,500 --> 00:55:51,667 but... as McDonald's has stayed in business, 1203 00:55:51,700 --> 00:55:56,133 health food-- smaller stores have also grown, 1204 00:55:56,166 --> 00:55:58,367 if not even more rapidly. 1205 00:55:58,400 --> 00:56:01,900 And I believe the same thing is happening right now 1206 00:56:01,934 --> 00:56:03,667 in the pet food industry. 1207 00:56:03,700 --> 00:56:06,066 Big pet food is still there, 1208 00:56:06,100 --> 00:56:09,367 but a lot-- a lot of small... 1209 00:56:09,400 --> 00:56:14,867 very health-conscious companies are growing very rapidly 1210 00:56:14,900 --> 00:56:16,967 and gaining a lot of customers. 1211 00:56:17,000 --> 00:56:18,533 This is an interesting quandary 1212 00:56:18,567 --> 00:56:20,133 for the dry-food industry 1213 00:56:20,166 --> 00:56:21,633 because they have to do one of two things. 1214 00:56:21,667 --> 00:56:24,200 They either have to come up with more information 1215 00:56:24,233 --> 00:56:26,133 to be able to bash the raw food industry. 1216 00:56:26,166 --> 00:56:27,367 Or the second option 1217 00:56:27,400 --> 00:56:31,166 is they have to listen to what clients are asking for, 1218 00:56:31,200 --> 00:56:33,333 which means really educated clients 1219 00:56:33,367 --> 00:56:34,800 are going to the veterinarians saying, 1220 00:56:34,834 --> 00:56:36,567 "I want to see meat first on the label. 1221 00:56:36,600 --> 00:56:38,533 I don't want to see extra carbohydrates. 1222 00:56:38,567 --> 00:56:41,700 I want to see no additional fillers, 1223 00:56:41,734 --> 00:56:45,133 preservatives, or unnecessary ingredients on the label." 1224 00:56:45,166 --> 00:56:46,300 So some of these pet foods 1225 00:56:46,333 --> 00:56:48,900 have wisely decided to join the bandwagon. 1226 00:56:48,934 --> 00:56:53,400 [announcer] Wolves, the wild ancestors of your dog. 1227 00:56:53,433 --> 00:56:55,300 [narrator] Using the same brash marketing style 1228 00:56:55,333 --> 00:56:57,333 that the major pet food companies established, 1229 00:56:57,367 --> 00:56:59,100 one company would soon challenge 1230 00:56:59,133 --> 00:57:01,867 the industry's obsessive use and stance on grain. 1231 00:57:01,900 --> 00:57:03,867 [announcer] Feed your dog's wolf spirit 1232 00:57:03,900 --> 00:57:05,400 with Blue Wilderness. 1233 00:57:05,433 --> 00:57:08,567 [narrator] In their commercials, Blue Buffalo took a bold step, 1234 00:57:08,600 --> 00:57:10,367 questioning ingredients. 1235 00:57:10,400 --> 00:57:12,266 I compared the ingredients in lots of them. 1236 00:57:12,300 --> 00:57:15,066 "Corn gluten meal," not too sure exactly what that is. 1237 00:57:15,100 --> 00:57:16,600 [narrator] The style of marketing worked, 1238 00:57:16,633 --> 00:57:18,300 quickly catapulting Blue Buffalo 1239 00:57:18,333 --> 00:57:20,834 -into a billion-dollar brand. -[announcer] All Blue Life Protection foods 1240 00:57:20,867 --> 00:57:22,533 are made with the finest natural ingredients 1241 00:57:22,567 --> 00:57:23,867 and start with real meat. 1242 00:57:23,900 --> 00:57:25,066 -[chatters] -[narrator] As they say, 1243 00:57:25,100 --> 00:57:26,100 you know you've made it 1244 00:57:26,133 --> 00:57:28,266 when you're parodied on Saturday Night Life. 1245 00:57:28,300 --> 00:57:30,667 [in disgust] Ground yellow corn? 1246 00:57:30,700 --> 00:57:32,367 Chicken by-product meal? 1247 00:57:32,400 --> 00:57:33,900 The thing that gets me 1248 00:57:33,934 --> 00:57:36,200 is, like, what kind of person 1249 00:57:36,233 --> 00:57:38,467 thinks it's okay to put a big drawing of a chicken 1250 00:57:38,500 --> 00:57:39,800 on the front of the bag, 1251 00:57:39,834 --> 00:57:41,133 and yet there's no chicken in there? 1252 00:57:41,166 --> 00:57:43,266 [screams] You know, what other compromises can we make? 1253 00:57:43,300 --> 00:57:44,934 You want to have sex with my husband? 1254 00:57:44,967 --> 00:57:47,133 Bend over, Pat! They want to get that ass! 1255 00:57:47,166 --> 00:57:50,066 -No! I-- I-- -[narrator] But one company wasn't seeing the humor. 1256 00:57:50,100 --> 00:57:53,734 Purina and Blue Buffalo are locked in a nasty battle, 1257 00:57:53,767 --> 00:57:57,000 and it's all about what's inside those bags of dog and cat food. 1258 00:58:00,166 --> 00:58:02,867 [announcer] Some people will try to tell you that your dog is a carnivore 1259 00:58:02,900 --> 00:58:04,900 and requires only a diet of meat. 1260 00:58:04,934 --> 00:58:07,467 They may tell you your dog is like a wolf, 1261 00:58:07,500 --> 00:58:11,000 but even a wolf's diet is built on more than just meat. 1262 00:58:11,033 --> 00:58:13,166 [newscaster] Blue Buffalo claims its pet food 1263 00:58:13,200 --> 00:58:15,834 is free of chicken and poultry by-products. 1264 00:58:15,867 --> 00:58:20,033 The suit alleges, testing at an independent lab found... 1265 00:58:23,066 --> 00:58:26,667 in Blue Buffalo's top-selling life protection products. 1266 00:58:26,700 --> 00:58:30,033 [narrator] Purina sued Blue Buffalo for false advertising, 1267 00:58:30,066 --> 00:58:32,633 eventually leading to a class-action lawsuit. 1268 00:58:32,667 --> 00:58:36,433 Purina launched a website called "Pet Food Honesty." 1269 00:58:38,400 --> 00:58:40,834 The irony of the entire lawsuit, however, 1270 00:58:40,867 --> 00:58:42,767 was Purina's own lack of transparency 1271 00:58:42,800 --> 00:58:44,367 when it came to their own products. 1272 00:58:44,400 --> 00:58:47,133 They refused to answer questions on camera 1273 00:58:47,166 --> 00:58:51,333 about the quality or source of their own ingredients. 1274 00:58:51,367 --> 00:58:53,133 [Kohl Harrington] Since you guys are suing Blue Buffalo 1275 00:58:53,166 --> 00:58:54,967 for like transparency in ingredients, 1276 00:58:55,000 --> 00:58:57,300 I just wanted to give you guys an opportunity to... 1277 00:58:58,300 --> 00:58:59,834 talk to this film and the consumers 1278 00:58:59,867 --> 00:59:01,934 about the transparency of your own ingredients. 1279 00:59:03,200 --> 00:59:05,700 [woman] Okay, all right, I will pass this along. 1280 00:59:05,734 --> 00:59:07,934 [narrator] After Purina failed to respond to our request, 1281 00:59:07,967 --> 00:59:09,533 we tried again. 1282 00:59:09,567 --> 00:59:12,400 [Kohl] So you don't have an idea of a date 1283 00:59:12,433 --> 00:59:13,734 whenever you guys would like to respond? 1284 00:59:15,967 --> 00:59:17,934 [woman] Well, it will not be me responding, 1285 00:59:17,967 --> 00:59:22,767 so I'm not sure. It's kind of up to, um... 1286 00:59:22,800 --> 00:59:25,367 -you know, when he will respond. -[Kohl] But he officially-- 1287 00:59:25,400 --> 00:59:26,900 [woman] He does have the information. 1288 00:59:26,934 --> 00:59:29,400 [narrator] Purina would not defend their own alleged 1289 00:59:29,433 --> 00:59:31,333 lack of true transparency. 1290 00:59:31,367 --> 00:59:33,400 We reached out to Blue Buffalo as well, 1291 00:59:33,433 --> 00:59:35,567 who also refused to go on camera. 1292 00:59:35,600 --> 00:59:38,867 If this really was about transparency and honesty, 1293 00:59:38,900 --> 00:59:40,467 why was no one talking? 1294 00:59:40,500 --> 00:59:42,166 [Karen] A one-on-one interview 1295 00:59:42,200 --> 00:59:44,500 with the heads of these major pet food manufacturers 1296 00:59:44,533 --> 00:59:47,233 would never happen, because you can ask questions 1297 00:59:47,266 --> 00:59:49,533 that are too difficult to answer, 1298 00:59:49,567 --> 00:59:51,700 honestly, openly, or appropriately 1299 00:59:51,734 --> 00:59:54,033 that could put them in a compromised position. 1300 00:59:54,066 --> 00:59:56,100 But the market for premium food 1301 00:59:56,133 --> 00:59:58,567 is growing the fastest with more pet parents 1302 00:59:58,600 --> 01:00:01,000 seeking nutritious and natural food for their dogs. 1303 01:00:01,033 --> 01:00:03,266 [newscaster] And with American pet owners 1304 01:00:03,300 --> 01:00:06,900 expected to spend nearly $23 billion this year 1305 01:00:06,934 --> 01:00:09,934 on food for these treasured members of the family, 1306 01:00:09,967 --> 01:00:12,200 the stakes are high. 1307 01:00:12,233 --> 01:00:14,767 Some of these companies that have repeatedly said 1308 01:00:14,800 --> 01:00:17,066 "It's not a problem to feed wheat or corn," 1309 01:00:17,100 --> 01:00:20,233 are now coming out with grain-free foods 1310 01:00:20,266 --> 01:00:22,533 that they are labeling as more species appropriate, 1311 01:00:22,567 --> 01:00:24,000 or biologically correct, 1312 01:00:24,033 --> 01:00:25,600 or grain-free. 1313 01:00:25,633 --> 01:00:28,900 Where previously they have acknowledged 1314 01:00:28,934 --> 01:00:30,967 that there was not a reason to produce these foods, 1315 01:00:31,000 --> 01:00:33,767 they're now-- all of them-- coming out with grain-free food, 1316 01:00:33,800 --> 01:00:35,266 really, I believe, to compete 1317 01:00:35,300 --> 01:00:38,567 in a market place that's becoming more competitive. 1318 01:00:38,600 --> 01:00:42,300 At the American Holistic Veterinarian Medical Association annual conference, 1319 01:00:42,333 --> 01:00:44,700 we have all of these great food suppliers that are there, 1320 01:00:44,734 --> 01:00:45,867 not only discussing their products, 1321 01:00:45,900 --> 01:00:48,367 but exchanging ideas, everyone's very open. 1322 01:00:48,400 --> 01:00:50,400 Veterinarians are capable of going from booth to booth 1323 01:00:50,433 --> 01:00:52,000 to get an idea of what the products are about, 1324 01:00:52,033 --> 01:00:54,200 how they're manufactured, ingredient lists. 1325 01:00:54,233 --> 01:00:56,633 The owners of these small pet food companies 1326 01:00:56,667 --> 01:01:00,000 are-- are passionate-- wildly passionate 1327 01:01:00,033 --> 01:01:01,467 about the products that they're producing. 1328 01:01:01,500 --> 01:01:02,867 And they're eager to speak with you, 1329 01:01:02,900 --> 01:01:04,066 and they want you to know more, 1330 01:01:04,100 --> 01:01:05,367 and they want you to ask questions. 1331 01:01:09,367 --> 01:01:12,133 Some of the big pet manufacturing companies 1332 01:01:12,166 --> 01:01:15,400 have-- have acquired a booth at these conventions, 1333 01:01:15,433 --> 01:01:17,033 and although they're there, 1334 01:01:17,066 --> 01:01:19,200 I guess representing themselves, 1335 01:01:19,233 --> 01:01:20,400 there is no discussion. 1336 01:01:22,266 --> 01:01:24,333 -Is it potato or-- -Potato is great for you. 1337 01:01:24,367 --> 01:01:26,333 Okay. 1338 01:01:26,367 --> 01:01:28,033 [Barbara] Hmm, I'm not seeing the new diet. 1339 01:01:28,066 --> 01:01:29,567 [muttering] 1340 01:01:29,600 --> 01:01:30,900 The fact that veterinarians come around 1341 01:01:30,934 --> 01:01:33,033 and are looking at stuff, this is how we get information. 1342 01:01:33,066 --> 01:01:36,200 For example, I've never looked at this bag before, 1343 01:01:36,233 --> 01:01:38,066 and I want to find out what's in it, 1344 01:01:38,100 --> 01:01:40,233 because that's the kind of person I am. 1345 01:01:40,266 --> 01:01:42,133 So your stuff usually is on the side, right? 1346 01:01:42,166 --> 01:01:43,433 -Yes. -Right. 1347 01:01:43,467 --> 01:01:45,333 -[bag crinkles] -It pulls out of here. 1348 01:01:45,367 --> 01:01:47,667 So you got, this one has barley in it? 1349 01:01:47,700 --> 01:01:49,066 This one has barley? 1350 01:01:49,100 --> 01:01:50,700 [woman] Right there's Ideal Balance meal 1351 01:01:50,734 --> 01:01:52,133 -to hear about the grain-free. -Grain-free. 1352 01:01:52,166 --> 01:01:53,567 [Barbara] Two products under the umbrella. 1353 01:01:53,600 --> 01:01:55,500 -How are you finding-- -[Karen] Industry leaders 1354 01:01:55,533 --> 01:01:57,333 are incredibly cautious about making sure 1355 01:01:57,367 --> 01:01:59,567 that every time that they are publicly on tape 1356 01:01:59,600 --> 01:02:01,734 or have any printed information, 1357 01:02:01,767 --> 01:02:05,000 it's a well-calculated, formulated response 1358 01:02:05,033 --> 01:02:06,567 that they're in control of. 1359 01:02:06,600 --> 01:02:07,700 Do I think that the main-- 1360 01:02:07,734 --> 01:02:11,400 that the top pet food manufacturers in this country 1361 01:02:11,433 --> 01:02:13,567 could be striving to produce a more species-appropriate, 1362 01:02:13,600 --> 01:02:14,834 better-quality pet food? 1363 01:02:14,867 --> 01:02:16,000 Sure. 1364 01:02:16,033 --> 01:02:19,834 Do I think that their motive is probably more economic 1365 01:02:19,867 --> 01:02:22,233 and trying to maintain their market share 1366 01:02:22,266 --> 01:02:24,967 than producing a fabulous-quality pet food? 1367 01:02:25,000 --> 01:02:26,166 I do. 1368 01:02:26,200 --> 01:02:28,734 [narrator] Most companies that attended the trade show 1369 01:02:28,767 --> 01:02:30,367 were happy to speak with our cameras, 1370 01:02:30,400 --> 01:02:33,033 proud to show off their products and transparency. 1371 01:02:35,767 --> 01:02:38,133 But when we revisited the Science Diet booth, 1372 01:02:38,166 --> 01:02:41,200 with our questions about the species-appropriateness of their products, 1373 01:02:41,233 --> 01:02:42,867 and the sourcing of their diets, 1374 01:02:42,900 --> 01:02:44,400 we were refused interviews 1375 01:02:44,433 --> 01:02:47,000 and instructed to contact their media department team. 1376 01:02:47,033 --> 01:02:48,233 So we did. 1377 01:02:50,000 --> 01:02:52,734 [woman on phone] Hi, Kohl, this is Lou with Hill's Pet Nutrition. 1378 01:02:52,767 --> 01:02:54,834 I just wanted to let you know 1379 01:02:54,867 --> 01:02:59,166 that Hill's decided not to participate in this documentary. 1380 01:02:59,200 --> 01:03:01,033 [narrator] All other major pet food brands 1381 01:03:01,066 --> 01:03:04,200 also flat-out refused or ignored multiple requests 1382 01:03:04,233 --> 01:03:05,834 to participate in this film. 1383 01:03:22,533 --> 01:03:24,633 [narrator] All over the world independent pet stores 1384 01:03:24,667 --> 01:03:26,000 are now offering a solution 1385 01:03:26,033 --> 01:03:28,633 to the growing population of concerned pet owners. 1386 01:03:30,900 --> 01:03:32,533 For almost their entire existence 1387 01:03:32,567 --> 01:03:36,300 major pet food stores only carried dry or canned food, 1388 01:03:36,333 --> 01:03:39,033 while independent stores were adequately addressing 1389 01:03:39,066 --> 01:03:40,867 the concerns of their customers 1390 01:03:40,900 --> 01:03:44,433 by selling, raw, dehydrated, or alternative diets. 1391 01:03:45,433 --> 01:03:47,567 The big box pet stores are recognizing 1392 01:03:47,600 --> 01:03:50,033 that there's not only a market for human-grade 1393 01:03:50,066 --> 01:03:51,333 species-appropriate foods, 1394 01:03:51,367 --> 01:03:53,867 but there are pet lovers going and asking for these foods. 1395 01:03:53,900 --> 01:03:57,300 [narrator] The industry has felt the threat of the independent pet stores 1396 01:03:57,333 --> 01:03:58,967 popping up across the nation. 1397 01:03:59,000 --> 01:04:00,233 In reaction, 1398 01:04:00,266 --> 01:04:02,600 they've launched their own chain of smaller stores 1399 01:04:02,633 --> 01:04:04,567 with the appearance that what they're offering 1400 01:04:04,600 --> 01:04:05,934 is healthier. 1401 01:04:08,066 --> 01:04:11,166 So many well-intentioned customers are still left wondering 1402 01:04:11,200 --> 01:04:13,066 what is the right thing to do? 1403 01:04:14,367 --> 01:04:16,033 So you're talking to people-- I'm doing this thing, 1404 01:04:16,066 --> 01:04:18,333 and they want, "Okay, so what is the answer?" 1405 01:04:18,367 --> 01:04:20,233 So to me, that's what happens to me every day. 1406 01:04:20,266 --> 01:04:22,333 I've got people who come to me and say, 1407 01:04:22,367 --> 01:04:23,333 "What is the answer?" 1408 01:04:23,367 --> 01:04:26,767 In the end, it isn't about perfect. 1409 01:04:26,800 --> 01:04:28,667 It's just about knowing-- 1410 01:04:29,667 --> 01:04:32,800 I just happen to see... increased health 1411 01:04:32,834 --> 01:04:35,734 when you really can feed a biologically-appropriate diet. 1412 01:04:35,767 --> 01:04:38,600 We shouldn't have strayed so far from it in the first place. 1413 01:04:38,633 --> 01:04:41,800 We have, we're gonna have to get back there eventually. 1414 01:04:41,834 --> 01:04:45,033 -I'd like to see that. -I believe as... pet guardians, 1415 01:04:45,066 --> 01:04:47,834 our job is to feed the best possible food 1416 01:04:47,867 --> 01:04:49,367 that we can afford to feed. 1417 01:04:49,400 --> 01:04:53,600 So if you can't afford to feed an organic, all-raw, 1418 01:04:53,633 --> 01:04:55,200 biologically-appropriate diet, 1419 01:04:55,233 --> 01:04:58,600 then my recommendation is to make that your goal, 1420 01:04:58,633 --> 01:05:00,333 consider feeding as much 1421 01:05:00,367 --> 01:05:02,633 raw, balanced, human-grade food as you can. 1422 01:05:02,667 --> 01:05:04,600 Maybe you can use it as snacks throughout the day 1423 01:05:04,633 --> 01:05:07,066 or maybe you could afford to feed one meal a day. 1424 01:05:07,100 --> 01:05:08,967 The other meal you could consider 1425 01:05:09,000 --> 01:05:11,934 feeding a dehydrated raw or a canned food. 1426 01:05:11,967 --> 01:05:13,600 By default, 1427 01:05:13,633 --> 01:05:16,467 and because it's least biologically appropriate, 1428 01:05:16,500 --> 01:05:18,900 I only recommend feeding dry food 1429 01:05:18,934 --> 01:05:21,233 unless you can't afford to feed better-quality foods, 1430 01:05:21,266 --> 01:05:24,767 and many people cannot afford to feed better-quality foods. 1431 01:05:24,800 --> 01:05:27,000 So even within your dry food choices, 1432 01:05:27,033 --> 01:05:29,166 there are better-quality dry food choices 1433 01:05:29,200 --> 01:05:31,633 and there are terrible-quality dry food choices. 1434 01:05:31,667 --> 01:05:33,433 And it's your job as a pet guardian 1435 01:05:33,467 --> 01:05:35,166 to be able to know enough about nutrition 1436 01:05:35,200 --> 01:05:37,633 to make wise health decisions for your pets. 1437 01:05:37,667 --> 01:05:40,834 [narrator] Rest assured, the industry will continue to evolve, 1438 01:05:40,867 --> 01:05:44,100 much like a chameleon in the wild. 1439 01:05:44,133 --> 01:05:45,934 No matter what product is shelfed before you, 1440 01:05:45,967 --> 01:05:47,967 understand that ever company, 1441 01:05:48,000 --> 01:05:50,033 as well as their packaging, 1442 01:05:50,066 --> 01:05:51,834 is doing its best to convince you 1443 01:05:51,867 --> 01:05:54,166 that they have the utmost integrity 1444 01:05:54,200 --> 01:05:56,767 and that their products are of the highest of quality. 1445 01:05:56,800 --> 01:06:00,333 The industry and the ingredients in most products on the shelves 1446 01:06:00,367 --> 01:06:02,533 boil down to the ease of convenience: 1447 01:06:02,567 --> 01:06:05,200 money and creative labeling. 1448 01:06:05,233 --> 01:06:07,533 You're never gonna meet that farmer on the package, 1449 01:06:07,567 --> 01:06:09,967 tour the pet food manufacturing plant 1450 01:06:10,000 --> 01:06:11,967 where your dog's gourmet food is being made 1451 01:06:12,000 --> 01:06:14,400 or shake the hand of that CEO. 1452 01:06:14,433 --> 01:06:16,367 It's all just too big. 1453 01:06:17,300 --> 01:06:18,834 With profits as their main goal, 1454 01:06:18,867 --> 01:06:21,333 the cycle will continue on and on, 1455 01:06:21,367 --> 01:06:24,400 again and again with no end in sight. 1456 01:06:24,433 --> 01:06:27,133 [classical music plays] 118637

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