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1
00:00:01,802 --> 00:00:03,303
- (Narrator):
In the heart of Brazil,
2
00:00:03,303 --> 00:00:05,572
the largest cat
in the Americas reigns
3
00:00:05,572 --> 00:00:08,709
over the world's largest
tropical wetland.
4
00:00:10,611 --> 00:00:13,513
This is jaguar country.
5
00:00:13,513 --> 00:00:17,651
A magical land filled with
natural beauty and great danger.
6
00:00:20,087 --> 00:00:21,722
Where even an armored reptile,
7
00:00:21,722 --> 00:00:24,391
the Jacaré caiman,
8
00:00:24,391 --> 00:00:28,695
is no match
for the powerful jaws...
9
00:00:28,695 --> 00:00:30,397
(bird call)
10
00:00:30,397 --> 00:00:32,199
...of this skilled hunter.
11
00:00:44,544 --> 00:00:47,648
A few months ago, these plains
were covered with water
12
00:00:47,648 --> 00:00:50,550
for as far as
the eye could see.
13
00:00:50,550 --> 00:00:53,720
Now the dry season
is well underway
14
00:00:53,720 --> 00:00:55,522
in the northern part
of the Pantanal.
15
00:01:01,695 --> 00:01:05,365
It's late September, it hasn't
rained in over five months
16
00:01:06,833 --> 00:01:10,404
and the search for food forces
animals out of the forest
17
00:01:10,404 --> 00:01:14,107
to hunt and forage
by the riverbanks.
18
00:01:14,107 --> 00:01:17,544
For the all the creatures
that live here,
19
00:01:17,544 --> 00:01:21,315
it's one of the most
stressful times of the year.
20
00:01:24,785 --> 00:01:27,354
The riverbanks are bare...
21
00:01:29,523 --> 00:01:34,027
Yet giant otters still manage to
find fish in the shallow waters.
22
00:01:40,701 --> 00:01:43,603
And while butterflies nibble
on the minerals
23
00:01:43,603 --> 00:01:46,740
left exposed on the sand bars.
24
00:01:50,677 --> 00:01:54,548
Capybaras, the largest rodent
on Earth, have to look harder
25
00:01:54,548 --> 00:01:58,485
to find what's left of their
favorite native grasses.
26
00:02:05,726 --> 00:02:09,629
Even animals at the top of the
food chain are feeling the heat.
27
00:02:09,629 --> 00:02:13,367
Jaguars are an apex predator.
28
00:02:17,571 --> 00:02:22,109
They have nothing to fear from
any animal in the Pantanal.
29
00:02:35,222 --> 00:02:37,657
Jaguars can weigh up
to 290 pounds
30
00:02:37,657 --> 00:02:39,793
and are 6 feet
from tip of their noses
31
00:02:39,793 --> 00:02:42,229
to the end of their tails.
32
00:02:45,365 --> 00:02:50,771
(forest sounds)
33
00:02:53,740 --> 00:02:56,710
(forest sounds)
34
00:02:56,710 --> 00:03:00,247
And this female has found
shelter from the intense heat,
35
00:03:00,247 --> 00:03:03,417
along the banks
of the Cuiaba River.
36
00:03:08,121 --> 00:03:09,756
It's one
of the largest tributaries
37
00:03:09,756 --> 00:03:13,493
of the immense Paraguay River
that feeds these wetlands.
38
00:03:15,629 --> 00:03:17,731
The Pantanal is ten times
larger than the Everglades.
39
00:03:17,731 --> 00:03:21,601
80% of it is in Brazil.
40
00:03:38,685 --> 00:03:43,190
Professional guide Ailton Lara
makes his living on this river.
41
00:03:44,691 --> 00:03:46,660
Deep in the protected territory
42
00:03:46,660 --> 00:03:49,496
of the one of the Pantanal's
northern state parks.
43
00:03:51,298 --> 00:03:54,101
- (Ailton): This is a very good
spot for jaguars.
44
00:03:54,101 --> 00:03:56,436
Because there not
many people around here.
45
00:03:56,436 --> 00:03:59,706
It's a very remote place,
far from the city.
46
00:03:59,706 --> 00:04:02,442
The road access
is not very good,
47
00:04:02,442 --> 00:04:05,145
so it controls the number
of people coming here.
48
00:04:08,381 --> 00:04:09,816
- (Narrator): There's only
one official road
49
00:04:09,816 --> 00:04:12,652
into the far north
of the Pantanal.
50
00:04:12,652 --> 00:04:14,554
It's 90 miles long
51
00:04:14,554 --> 00:04:17,724
and, on a good day,
Ailton covers the distance
52
00:04:17,724 --> 00:04:18,992
in about five hours.
53
00:04:20,494 --> 00:04:22,596
At the end of the road
is the small fishing village
54
00:04:22,596 --> 00:04:25,165
of Porto Jofre,
55
00:04:25,165 --> 00:04:28,034
the hub for
Jaguar sightings.
56
00:04:46,620 --> 00:04:47,654
- Yahoo!
57
00:04:50,423 --> 00:04:53,126
- (Narrator): Even though
Ailton's been tracking jaguars
58
00:04:53,126 --> 00:04:58,198
for more than a decade,
he still gets excited.
59
00:04:58,198 --> 00:05:00,300
- There's a jaguar
upstream the river,
60
00:05:00,300 --> 00:05:02,235
so we're going
to go straight to it now.
61
00:05:12,045 --> 00:05:16,983
- (Narrator): In these parts,
the Cuiaba river
is the main drag.
62
00:05:20,687 --> 00:05:22,489
It's 50 miles long and
63
00:05:22,489 --> 00:05:27,294
breaks off into a maze of
smaller rivers and streams.
64
00:05:30,830 --> 00:05:33,300
Only twenty minutes
into the search,
65
00:05:33,300 --> 00:05:35,335
something catches
their attention...
66
00:05:46,680 --> 00:05:49,749
The big cats don't seem to mind
the sound of the engine...
67
00:05:49,749 --> 00:05:53,553
as long as the passengers
stay in the boat!
68
00:05:59,659 --> 00:06:01,795
It's an adult male.
69
00:06:01,795 --> 00:06:04,164
Ailton has seen him before.
70
00:06:06,733 --> 00:06:10,370
He bears the scars of battles
both old and new.
71
00:06:11,705 --> 00:06:14,507
A broken tooth.
72
00:06:16,343 --> 00:06:19,246
And a fresh wound
near his whiskers.
73
00:06:19,246 --> 00:06:21,281
Probably the result
of a territorial dispute
74
00:06:21,281 --> 00:06:23,083
with another male jaguar.
75
00:06:28,555 --> 00:06:32,525
Whatever happened, there won't
be any more adventures today.
76
00:06:32,525 --> 00:06:36,730
With midday temperatures
climbing above 104 Fahrenheit,
77
00:06:38,832 --> 00:06:42,168
this cool cat
is staying in the shade
78
00:06:45,138 --> 00:06:48,408
The Pantanal is a jaguar
spotter's paradise!
79
00:06:54,781 --> 00:06:58,618
Seven animals
per 40 square miles.
80
00:07:00,020 --> 00:07:04,124
- This area has more than
one hundred individual jaguars.
81
00:07:04,124 --> 00:07:08,795
So commonly we see about
one or two jaguars a day
82
00:07:08,795 --> 00:07:13,566
but sometimes we see ten
individual jaguars a day
83
00:07:13,566 --> 00:07:15,368
in a very good day.
84
00:07:18,772 --> 00:07:22,042
- (Narrator): Jaguars
are solitary creatures.
85
00:07:25,645 --> 00:07:30,684
Like most cats, they spend
almost half of every day
sleeping.
86
00:07:35,055 --> 00:07:39,125
They are crepuscular and are
mostly active at dawn and dusk.
87
00:07:45,398 --> 00:07:47,767
Males and females only
come together to mate,
88
00:07:47,767 --> 00:07:51,237
and soon go separate ways.
89
00:07:53,473 --> 00:07:56,509
The female raises
her cubs alone.
90
00:07:56,509 --> 00:08:00,447
This two-year old male is
about ready to leave his mother.
91
00:08:04,751 --> 00:08:08,154
Since he was 6 months old,
she's been teaching him
how to hunt.
92
00:08:10,457 --> 00:08:13,727
Now it's time for him
to test his hunting skills.
93
00:08:23,803 --> 00:08:27,707
A hungry jaguar will eat
just about anything that moves.
94
00:08:45,358 --> 00:08:49,496
The young male has spotted
a group of giant otters.
95
00:08:54,667 --> 00:08:57,404
And they've seen him too.
96
00:09:08,114 --> 00:09:11,184
Their loud calls alert
the rest of the family.
97
00:09:11,184 --> 00:09:13,686
(otters calls)
98
00:09:15,488 --> 00:09:17,424
These are the world's
largest otters
99
00:09:17,424 --> 00:09:21,428
and the adults
are over 6 feet long.
100
00:09:21,428 --> 00:09:24,297
They're feisty animals that like
to do almost everything
in groups.
101
00:09:31,504 --> 00:09:35,041
Their tight knit families are
always watching each
other's backs.
102
00:09:37,610 --> 00:09:40,513
If you attack one, you can
expect the rest of the gang
103
00:09:40,513 --> 00:09:44,984
to fight tooth and nail,
and never back down.
104
00:09:51,191 --> 00:09:53,059
Jaguars are opportunists.
105
00:09:53,059 --> 00:09:56,329
If a young giant otter
strays from the group,
106
00:09:56,329 --> 00:09:57,730
the jaguar might
have a chance.
107
00:10:01,835 --> 00:10:04,170
But giant otter parents
are very protective.
108
00:10:08,107 --> 00:10:12,745
The young jaguar knows
he's outnumbered,
so he moves on.
109
00:10:21,120 --> 00:10:26,559
In the Pantanal, jaguars
specialize in hunting caimans.
110
00:10:26,559 --> 00:10:29,796
Caimans are powerful
and aggressive fighters,
111
00:10:29,796 --> 00:10:34,501
but underneath that tough hide,
112
00:10:34,501 --> 00:10:38,538
there's enough tender meat to
feed a big cat for several days.
113
00:10:40,139 --> 00:10:44,711
- (Ailton): In the dry season
when the water is at its lowest,
114
00:10:44,711 --> 00:10:49,449
it's very easy
for the jaguars to find food
115
00:10:49,449 --> 00:10:52,719
because all the animals will be
congregating along the river.
116
00:10:52,719 --> 00:10:55,388
And the jaguars
will be there as well,
117
00:10:55,388 --> 00:10:58,291
because there is
a nice riverbank.
118
00:11:01,427 --> 00:11:03,796
- (Narrator):
As the dry season takes hold,
119
00:11:03,796 --> 00:11:07,534
the cold-blooded caimans
congregate near the shrinking
bodies of water.
120
00:11:09,502 --> 00:11:13,339
Over five million Jacaré caimans
live in the Pantanal.
121
00:11:15,441 --> 00:11:17,644
That's about 100
per square mile.
122
00:11:20,280 --> 00:11:23,349
It's the highest density
of caimans on Earth.
123
00:11:26,653 --> 00:11:30,423
Most of the year, they live in
loose knit and peaceful groups.
124
00:11:30,423 --> 00:11:35,094
Their cousins, the American
alligator and black caiman,
125
00:11:35,094 --> 00:11:37,397
are much more aggressive.
126
00:11:56,549 --> 00:11:59,752
Near the riverbank, fish
trapped in the shallow water,
127
00:11:59,752 --> 00:12:01,721
are easy to catch.
128
00:12:05,091 --> 00:12:08,661
As the dry season advances and
the river recedes more and more,
129
00:12:08,661 --> 00:12:12,398
fish are concentrated
into the shallow water.
130
00:12:23,376 --> 00:12:26,512
Life is good
for the caimans.
131
00:12:29,749 --> 00:12:32,585
Although they are not
the biggest members of
the crocodile family,
132
00:12:32,585 --> 00:12:36,356
an adult male usually
weighs more than 120 pounds.
133
00:12:39,192 --> 00:12:41,561
While females weigh
about half as much.
134
00:12:44,731 --> 00:12:48,201
Males and females both need
to eat a lot of fish,
135
00:12:49,636 --> 00:12:53,206
and the occasional capybara.
136
00:13:00,813 --> 00:13:02,649
But at this time of year,
137
00:13:02,649 --> 00:13:05,652
caimans are thinking about
more than just food.
138
00:13:14,761 --> 00:13:18,264
They have mating on their minds.
139
00:13:20,833 --> 00:13:22,635
The males have several ways
of letting the females know
140
00:13:22,635 --> 00:13:24,137
they're in the mood.
141
00:13:28,675 --> 00:13:31,177
They groan, make bubbles
142
00:13:31,177 --> 00:13:33,713
and bellow all
at the same time.
143
00:13:42,422 --> 00:13:45,091
The bubbles are made
by low frequency sounds,
144
00:13:45,091 --> 00:13:48,261
called infrasound,
made with vibrations deep
145
00:13:48,261 --> 00:13:50,096
in their lungs
which humans can't hear.
146
00:13:55,535 --> 00:13:58,504
These intense vibrations
cause the water on their backs
147
00:13:58,504 --> 00:14:01,374
to spray fountains
of water into the air.
148
00:14:01,374 --> 00:14:04,711
Some have been estimated
to be 30 inches high.
149
00:14:07,513 --> 00:14:10,717
Impressing a future partner
is a competitive event!
150
00:14:15,822 --> 00:14:18,491
The more spectacular
the display,
151
00:14:18,491 --> 00:14:22,562
the better the prospect of
getting the females' attention.
152
00:14:40,646 --> 00:14:42,815
Males try to breed
with many females
153
00:14:42,815 --> 00:14:47,053
and females can often
mate with many males.
154
00:14:49,188 --> 00:14:51,858
Therefore, a female
can lay a clutch of eggs
155
00:14:51,858 --> 00:14:55,461
that contain the genes of
a number of different males.
156
00:14:58,564 --> 00:15:00,733
It will be another two to
three months before she builds
157
00:15:00,733 --> 00:15:03,069
a nest to lay her eggs.
158
00:15:06,506 --> 00:15:09,509
Although caiman females
are devoted mothers,
159
00:15:09,509 --> 00:15:13,279
more than 80% of their nests
are destroyed by predators.
160
00:15:16,315 --> 00:15:19,085
For now, it's still
the courting season
161
00:15:19,085 --> 00:15:23,222
and the riverbank resounds
with their groans and bellows.
162
00:15:34,367 --> 00:15:37,370
(buzz)
163
00:15:44,844 --> 00:15:48,447
The dry and sandy shorelines of
the Pantanal's northern rivers
164
00:15:48,447 --> 00:15:52,451
also attract hordes
of female yellow wasps.
165
00:15:52,451 --> 00:15:59,425
(buzz)
166
00:15:59,425 --> 00:16:01,460
They gather in numbers
to collect mineral salts
167
00:16:01,460 --> 00:16:04,497
exposed by
the receding waters.
168
00:16:10,770 --> 00:16:12,738
For these workers
and their queen,
169
00:16:12,738 --> 00:16:16,275
salt is a vital part
of their diet.
170
00:16:28,521 --> 00:16:32,325
They carry it back to their nest
to feed their larvae
171
00:16:32,325 --> 00:16:34,126
and the queen.
172
00:16:37,363 --> 00:16:40,066
Their colony is mainly
composed of females.
173
00:16:40,066 --> 00:16:42,435
Males have a limited role.
174
00:16:45,471 --> 00:16:48,074
Before the end of the season,
a generation of males
175
00:16:48,074 --> 00:16:51,143
is produced just for breeding.
176
00:17:00,486 --> 00:17:04,590
When the dry season comes
to an end, the males die.
177
00:17:36,055 --> 00:17:38,491
Upstream, where the riverbanks
are higher,
178
00:17:38,491 --> 00:17:40,126
and the forest denser,
179
00:17:43,629 --> 00:17:47,433
the young jaguar male is still
on the lookout for a meal.
180
00:17:50,102 --> 00:17:53,105
He's left his mother and
if he wants to eat today,
181
00:17:53,105 --> 00:17:57,743
he's going to have to make
a kill on his own.
182
00:17:57,743 --> 00:18:00,012
- (Ailton): Sometimes a young
jaguar can be experienced.
183
00:18:00,012 --> 00:18:03,950
If they have a good mother,
so they can learn good tricks.
184
00:18:07,053 --> 00:18:09,388
Jaguars are not
picky eaters.
185
00:18:09,388 --> 00:18:12,692
They'll eat deer, peccaries,
snakes, monkeys, turtles,
186
00:18:12,692 --> 00:18:17,463
frogs and anything else
they can catch including fish.
187
00:18:22,435 --> 00:18:24,637
These big cats aren't
afraid of the water
188
00:18:24,637 --> 00:18:27,440
and they can even swim
with a kill in their mouths.
189
00:18:37,049 --> 00:18:39,685
The young male makes
his way down river,
190
00:18:39,685 --> 00:18:41,721
drifting with the current.
191
00:18:44,123 --> 00:18:46,993
It's the easiest way
to avoid a dense thicket.
192
00:18:56,335 --> 00:18:59,538
Back on the riverbank,
he takes his time,
193
00:18:59,538 --> 00:19:04,410
prowling, listening
and watching for his next kill.
194
00:19:20,459 --> 00:19:24,030
He spots a large caiman
in the middle of the river.
195
00:19:31,437 --> 00:19:34,673
The caiman isn't too far away
for the young jaguar...
196
00:19:38,511 --> 00:19:40,746
but caimans have good eyesight
197
00:19:40,746 --> 00:19:45,518
and the jaguar could never close
the gap before being spotted.
198
00:19:48,788 --> 00:19:53,092
So he decides it's not worth it,
and moves on.
199
00:20:03,469 --> 00:20:07,106
Capybaras are a favorite meal
and an easier target.
200
00:20:11,410 --> 00:20:13,846
The river provides relief
from the unwelcome attention
201
00:20:13,846 --> 00:20:18,284
of flies and mosquitoes,
and the heat.
202
00:20:20,352 --> 00:20:22,488
They are unaware
of the young male jaguar
203
00:20:22,488 --> 00:20:25,291
on the opposite riverbank.
204
00:20:30,129 --> 00:20:32,198
In the dappled sunlight
of the forest,
205
00:20:32,198 --> 00:20:34,567
the rosette pattern
of the jaguar's spots
206
00:20:34,567 --> 00:20:37,236
is excellent camouflage.
207
00:20:39,238 --> 00:20:43,409
But out in the open
it doesn't help.
208
00:20:44,176 --> 00:20:46,745
Because of their poor eyesight,
209
00:20:46,745 --> 00:20:49,548
the capybaras haven't spotted
the jaguar yet.
210
00:20:49,548 --> 00:20:52,351
But their sense of smell
is well developed.
211
00:21:02,628 --> 00:21:05,097
And when one of the mothers
picks up the scent,
212
00:21:05,097 --> 00:21:09,168
she nudges the young towards
the shore, away from danger.
213
00:21:17,076 --> 00:21:20,546
And the whole family slips off
into the bushes.
214
00:21:45,604 --> 00:21:48,574
This young male has already
passed up a few opportunities
215
00:21:48,574 --> 00:21:51,443
in his hunt for food.
216
00:21:51,443 --> 00:21:56,182
At 150 pounds, he needs
to eat at least 70 pounds
of meat a week
217
00:21:56,182 --> 00:21:59,818
just to maintain
his current weight.
218
00:22:01,620 --> 00:22:04,256
He needs to pick up
his game if he's to survive
219
00:22:04,256 --> 00:22:07,526
the dry season
of the Pantanal.
220
00:22:15,834 --> 00:22:20,639
A few miles downstream
on a quiet tributary of
the larger Cuiaba River...
221
00:22:27,079 --> 00:22:30,316
...a yellow-rumped cacique
stands watch near a nest.
222
00:22:35,287 --> 00:22:37,456
The caciques have
some of the best,
223
00:22:37,456 --> 00:22:41,560
and most elaborate nest building
techniques in the bird world.
224
00:22:45,397 --> 00:22:48,334
They're social birds
and breed in colonies,
225
00:22:48,334 --> 00:22:50,102
on the same communal tree.
226
00:23:08,320 --> 00:23:11,390
Some colonies contain
as many as 250 nests.
227
00:23:19,431 --> 00:23:22,635
The female doesn't just collect
and stack sticks and twigs...
228
00:23:26,572 --> 00:23:29,441
She weaves her nest,
like a basket weaver,
229
00:23:29,441 --> 00:23:32,444
from long strands
she's pulled from reeds.
230
00:24:00,539 --> 00:24:04,243
The nests are deep, large cocoon
shapes which protect eggs
231
00:24:04,243 --> 00:24:06,645
from the long beaks
of intruders.
232
00:24:24,396 --> 00:24:27,466
But building is risky work.
233
00:24:30,803 --> 00:24:33,806
The females often become
trapped in their own nests,
234
00:24:33,806 --> 00:24:37,743
and sometimes, if they are
unable to free themselves,
235
00:24:37,743 --> 00:24:40,579
they perish.
236
00:24:58,564 --> 00:25:01,200
And the male?
237
00:25:01,200 --> 00:25:03,669
He's not much help,
238
00:25:03,669 --> 00:25:06,238
not when it comes
to building a nest.
239
00:25:09,174 --> 00:25:11,477
He doesn't help incubate
the eggs either,
240
00:25:11,477 --> 00:25:14,680
or collect food
for his mate...
241
00:25:14,680 --> 00:25:17,383
or for their chicks.
242
00:25:25,524 --> 00:25:27,326
But when it comes to sex,
243
00:25:29,395 --> 00:25:33,632
the male cacique
is a powerhouse.
244
00:25:36,268 --> 00:25:39,605
And with a male to female
ratio of 1:10,
245
00:25:39,605 --> 00:25:42,341
most male caciques
are kept busy.
246
00:25:47,413 --> 00:25:50,416
In their spare time,
while the females forage,
247
00:25:50,416 --> 00:25:55,788
the males protect the nests
and their territory.
248
00:26:05,130 --> 00:26:08,700
Since he's left his mother, this
young male jaguar has passed up
249
00:26:08,700 --> 00:26:11,703
at least two opportunities
to try to make a kill.
250
00:26:16,742 --> 00:26:19,378
Now, he's starving.
251
00:26:28,687 --> 00:26:30,122
When he spots a lone caiman...
252
00:26:33,459 --> 00:26:36,295
...he knows
it's his last chance.
253
00:26:36,295 --> 00:26:38,197
And he takes it.
254
00:26:45,804 --> 00:26:50,409
An experienced jaguar would sink
his teeth into the caiman skull
255
00:26:50,409 --> 00:26:53,479
to puncture its walnut-sized
brain for a quick kill...
256
00:26:57,583 --> 00:27:00,486
But this somewhat inexperienced
male loses his grip...
257
00:27:00,486 --> 00:27:04,590
And the caiman rolls over.
258
00:27:04,590 --> 00:27:09,261
So the jaguar tries a different
tactic and attacks his throat.
259
00:27:12,064 --> 00:27:14,533
He's lost his chance
for a clean, fast kill,
260
00:27:14,533 --> 00:27:17,402
like his mother
taught him to do...
261
00:27:22,541 --> 00:27:27,212
Now it's going to be a contest
of strength and stamina.
262
00:27:30,516 --> 00:27:33,485
Both animals are
at home in the river.
263
00:27:33,485 --> 00:27:36,788
But the caiman has one advantage
over the jaguar.
264
00:27:36,788 --> 00:27:40,659
It can stay underwater without
breathing for up to an hour.
265
00:27:40,659 --> 00:27:43,529
The caiman has a thick membrane
that hangs across
266
00:27:43,529 --> 00:27:46,698
the back of its throat and
prevents water from entering
267
00:27:46,698 --> 00:27:49,701
its lungs and drowning it.
268
00:27:53,305 --> 00:27:55,541
And if the caiman
can stay afloat,
269
00:27:55,541 --> 00:27:57,776
and wait for the perfect
opportunity for a quick roll,
270
00:27:57,776 --> 00:28:01,480
it could turn the tables.
271
00:28:07,419 --> 00:28:10,422
The tough caiman
will not give up.
272
00:28:12,691 --> 00:28:16,128
Neither does the jaguar.
273
00:28:17,763 --> 00:28:21,733
The young male uses his strength
to force the caiman underwater.
274
00:28:25,504 --> 00:28:29,608
Just a small amount of water
in the lungs would drown it.
275
00:28:50,596 --> 00:28:53,732
The stress of the struggle
takes its toll
276
00:28:53,732 --> 00:28:57,402
and water enters
the caiman's lungs.
277
00:28:57,402 --> 00:28:59,771
Its body goes limp.
278
00:28:59,771 --> 00:29:04,142
It's game over
for the caiman.
279
00:29:05,777 --> 00:29:09,314
This young jaguar has just
killed his first caiman...
280
00:29:11,617 --> 00:29:15,387
an amazing feat but
his beginner's mistake cost him
281
00:29:15,387 --> 00:29:17,589
a huge amount of energy.
282
00:29:20,325 --> 00:29:24,463
He takes a short rest.
His ordeal is not over yet,
283
00:29:24,463 --> 00:29:28,533
he still has to haul
the carcass out of the water.
284
00:29:28,533 --> 00:29:31,536
He can't eat it in the water.
The current is strong
285
00:29:31,536 --> 00:29:33,772
and the area
is too exposed.
286
00:29:33,772 --> 00:29:38,010
His only choice is to drag
the dead weight up the bank.
287
00:29:48,387 --> 00:29:52,290
The river is too low,
and the bank too high.
288
00:29:53,759 --> 00:29:57,562
The young male drags his kill,
searching for an easier exit.
289
00:30:41,273 --> 00:30:43,842
Finally he finds
the perfect spot
290
00:30:43,842 --> 00:30:46,812
and heaves his prize
to higher ground.
291
00:30:48,413 --> 00:30:50,382
He takes another break,
292
00:30:53,185 --> 00:30:57,522
then drags his prey
into the undergrowth.
293
00:31:01,093 --> 00:31:04,129
Now he can feast on his prize.
294
00:31:06,465 --> 00:31:10,435
Not bad for a first kill
without his mother's help.
295
00:31:16,508 --> 00:31:19,711
As the sun sets over
the Cuiaba River...
296
00:31:19,711 --> 00:31:24,683
frogs begin to sing and join
the night's symphony.
297
00:31:24,683 --> 00:31:28,453
Birds contribute a few solos.
298
00:31:28,453 --> 00:31:33,158
Jaguars roar to let each
other know where they are.
299
00:31:37,496 --> 00:31:40,632
And then... quiet.
300
00:31:49,307 --> 00:31:51,676
Taking advantage
of the cool morning air,
301
00:31:51,676 --> 00:31:55,147
a red-footed tortoise braves
the exposed open ground
302
00:31:55,147 --> 00:31:58,283
and heads off
in search of food.
303
00:32:04,523 --> 00:32:08,460
Like most tortoises, it prefers
fruit, but at this time of year
304
00:32:08,460 --> 00:32:12,464
it'll eat almost anything,
including carrion.
305
00:32:16,568 --> 00:32:19,638
Red-footed tortoises travel
in a zigzag pattern
306
00:32:19,638 --> 00:32:23,775
all over their home ranges
searching for food.
307
00:32:33,251 --> 00:32:35,187
They can cover 22 yards...
308
00:32:39,591 --> 00:32:42,494
...in an hour.
309
00:32:50,802 --> 00:32:54,739
Damp mud is all that remains
of this ephemeral pond.
310
00:33:07,519 --> 00:33:10,388
But there are still some
succulent leaves to be found.
311
00:33:17,529 --> 00:33:21,433
They will provide essential
moisture as well as food.
312
00:33:29,507 --> 00:33:32,777
It could get lucky and find
a stranded invertebrate.
313
00:33:42,621 --> 00:33:45,457
As the day heats up,
314
00:33:45,457 --> 00:33:50,495
it is time for the tortoise
to head back to the forest.
315
00:33:54,833 --> 00:33:58,236
It will follow its own scent
trail to a well-hidden place
316
00:33:58,236 --> 00:34:01,273
that will protect it
from predators.
317
00:34:14,386 --> 00:34:18,323
For tortoises, activities are
limited during the dry season.
318
00:34:23,094 --> 00:34:25,597
But for other species,
this season is key
319
00:34:25,597 --> 00:34:28,400
to their breeding success.
320
00:34:30,135 --> 00:34:31,703
These large-billed terns
take advantage
321
00:34:31,703 --> 00:34:35,407
of the low water levels to
establish large nesting colonies
322
00:34:35,407 --> 00:34:37,375
on the sandy banks.
323
00:34:43,748 --> 00:34:46,351
Some are still incubating
their eggs.
324
00:34:50,655 --> 00:34:54,192
Others hunt for food to bring
back to their hungry hatchlings.
325
00:35:17,515 --> 00:35:20,418
This impatient hatchling
is getting hungry.
326
00:35:25,457 --> 00:35:28,126
He makes such a racket
he attracts the unwanted
attention
327
00:35:28,126 --> 00:35:30,662
of a predator in search
of an easy meal.
328
00:35:33,631 --> 00:35:36,735
A crested caracara several times
the tern's size
329
00:35:36,735 --> 00:35:39,237
is no match for
this fearless parent.
330
00:35:48,747 --> 00:35:52,083
Large-billed terns
are very territorial.
331
00:35:52,083 --> 00:35:54,619
They don't hesitate to attack.
332
00:35:54,619 --> 00:35:58,323
Both males and females are quick
to protect their offspring,
333
00:35:58,323 --> 00:36:01,760
dive bombing,
squawking loudly
334
00:36:01,760 --> 00:36:04,229
and even defecating
on the predator.
335
00:36:19,577 --> 00:36:22,147
The scare tactics
don't always work...
336
00:36:29,421 --> 00:36:32,223
...but this time, for this noisy
chick and its mother,
337
00:36:35,360 --> 00:36:37,729
it's a happy ending.
338
00:36:39,497 --> 00:36:42,734
Though its squawking isn't
rewarded with a meal!
339
00:37:15,600 --> 00:37:18,970
Back in the caiman pool,
things are getting tense.
340
00:37:30,048 --> 00:37:31,783
Two males are going
head to head,
341
00:37:31,783 --> 00:37:36,287
in a contest for territory,
dominance and breeding rights.
342
00:37:43,528 --> 00:37:47,432
A fight is a dangerous gamble
they'd rather not take.
343
00:37:49,067 --> 00:37:52,103
They'll first show each other
how big and unafraid they are.
344
00:37:53,671 --> 00:37:57,408
For now, it's a stand off.
345
00:38:00,011 --> 00:38:04,582
The older male on the left
has the advantage of size
and experience.
346
00:38:04,582 --> 00:38:07,752
On the right, the younger
and slightly smaller male
347
00:38:07,752 --> 00:38:11,456
shows no sign of backing off.
348
00:38:11,456 --> 00:38:14,526
If he wins he'll move up
the dominance hierarchy
349
00:38:14,526 --> 00:38:17,962
and improve his chances
of mating this year.
350
00:38:19,697 --> 00:38:21,633
They're both patient...
351
00:38:21,633 --> 00:38:26,337
until one makes a sudden move.
352
00:38:31,543 --> 00:38:34,646
The old male hesitated
for one split second,
353
00:38:34,646 --> 00:38:37,549
just long enough for
the younger one to clamp down
354
00:38:37,549 --> 00:38:39,284
on his upper jaw.
355
00:38:53,464 --> 00:38:57,502
A caiman's bite force is
270 pounds per square inch.
356
00:39:14,285 --> 00:39:17,355
If this young male decides
to use full force,
357
00:39:17,355 --> 00:39:20,291
he could easily puncture
the older caiman's eye.
358
00:39:22,060 --> 00:39:24,629
Sparring caimans
are often blinded.
359
00:39:24,629 --> 00:39:29,667
But they have eyelid armor -
a palpebral bone,
360
00:39:29,667 --> 00:39:32,503
and can pull in their eyes
to protect them from injury.
361
00:39:39,110 --> 00:39:42,247
And that's not
the young caiman's game plan.
362
00:39:45,316 --> 00:39:48,319
He wants to pull
the older caiman underwater.
363
00:40:15,613 --> 00:40:18,416
But the wily older one is
digging his claws into the sand,
364
00:40:18,416 --> 00:40:21,452
and isn't budging.
365
00:40:40,438 --> 00:40:43,608
There are no referees
in this match of titans.
366
00:40:47,445 --> 00:40:50,515
The females watching
from the sidelines will be
367
00:40:50,515 --> 00:40:53,351
the final judges
of the males' performance!
368
00:41:38,429 --> 00:41:40,631
The two have been locked
together for over an hour.
369
00:41:53,111 --> 00:41:58,149
And then, as suddenly as
it began the match is over.
370
00:42:00,818 --> 00:42:04,555
The older male jerked his head
underwater and freed himself.
371
00:42:09,527 --> 00:42:11,562
With his feet firmly
on the ground,
372
00:42:11,562 --> 00:42:14,332
he's ready to strike again.
373
00:42:16,534 --> 00:42:20,171
While the challenger is at
a disadvantage in the river.
374
00:42:20,171 --> 00:42:25,510
So he quickly gives up,
and swims away, defeated.
375
00:42:27,145 --> 00:42:29,547
All this social stress
will likely mean
376
00:42:29,547 --> 00:42:31,516
he won't mate this year.
377
00:42:33,551 --> 00:42:38,256
The old champ has defended
his title - and his territory...
378
00:42:40,324 --> 00:42:42,427
and when it comes
time to mate,
379
00:42:42,427 --> 00:42:45,630
the females will
likely choose him.
380
00:43:15,460 --> 00:43:18,362
High up in the sky,
a flock of vultures circles
381
00:43:18,362 --> 00:43:22,133
in search of their next meal.
382
00:43:24,502 --> 00:43:26,404
Hidden in the underbrush,
383
00:43:26,404 --> 00:43:30,074
the young jaguar feasts
on the remains of his kill.
384
00:43:33,177 --> 00:43:35,746
He can eat up to 44 pounds
in a single day,
385
00:43:35,746 --> 00:43:39,617
so a caiman this size
won't last long.
386
00:43:43,521 --> 00:43:46,390
Vultures patiently
wait for leftovers.
387
00:43:48,659 --> 00:43:50,862
After he eats his fill,
388
00:43:50,862 --> 00:43:53,464
chances are he won't
return to his mother.
389
00:44:00,471 --> 00:44:03,374
For now, he needs to establish
his own territory,
390
00:44:03,374 --> 00:44:06,010
a challenge
to be sure.
391
00:44:09,547 --> 00:44:14,218
Because in a year or two
he will be mature enough
to mate.
392
00:44:21,559 --> 00:44:24,595
For now, he marks an area
in his mother's territory.
393
00:44:24,595 --> 00:44:28,566
Finding his own will take time
and experience.
394
00:44:28,566 --> 00:44:33,471
Jaguars cover a large home range
in their search for food.
395
00:44:33,471 --> 00:44:38,809
And it usually overlaps with
other animals of both sexes.
396
00:44:38,809 --> 00:44:42,513
This region of the Pantanal
is just one small section
397
00:44:42,513 --> 00:44:45,182
of a long corridor that
will perhaps one day be part
398
00:44:45,182 --> 00:44:48,252
of a conservation program
extending across
399
00:44:48,252 --> 00:44:50,788
the whole south American
continent.
400
00:44:51,422 --> 00:44:54,692
- So the corridor starts
from northern Argentina
401
00:44:54,692 --> 00:44:57,562
all the way to Mexico.
402
00:44:57,562 --> 00:45:00,097
The jaguar needs to meet
different jaguars.
403
00:45:00,097 --> 00:45:04,068
One jaguar from here, from
the Pantanal, can cross the land
404
00:45:04,068 --> 00:45:06,737
and go to the Amazon, from the
Amazon they go somewhere else,
405
00:45:06,737 --> 00:45:12,410
this corridor is very important
for spread of genetics,
406
00:45:12,410 --> 00:45:16,280
not to get inbred,
otherwise they'll die out.
407
00:45:20,384 --> 00:45:24,422
- (Narrator): Now that her
"teenager" is establishing
his independence,
408
00:45:24,422 --> 00:45:28,693
the female is already on the
move, looking for a new mate.
409
00:45:39,503 --> 00:45:42,273
As for Ailton,
he's still hunting for clues
410
00:45:42,273 --> 00:45:45,209
of the magnificent
predator's presence.
411
00:45:50,448 --> 00:45:53,417
- We stopped here and
something is really stinking.
412
00:45:53,417 --> 00:45:56,454
Must be the leftovers
from a jaguar.
413
00:46:12,370 --> 00:46:15,339
It's a dead caiman.
The leftovers from a jaguar.
414
00:46:15,339 --> 00:46:19,243
By the stink, I can tell
this caiman is here
415
00:46:19,243 --> 00:46:21,212
for about two days.
416
00:46:40,831 --> 00:46:45,403
- (Narrator): In much
of its range the jaguar
is known as the "yaguara".
417
00:46:45,403 --> 00:46:50,741
It means "a beast that kills
its prey with one bound."
418
00:46:58,149 --> 00:47:02,286
Here, in the Pantanal instead of
large reptiles killing mammals
419
00:47:02,286 --> 00:47:04,689
as they do in places
like Africa...
420
00:47:07,391 --> 00:47:10,161
...a powerful feline has learned
the skills to hunt
421
00:47:10,161 --> 00:47:12,496
an ancient armored reptile.
422
00:47:16,701 --> 00:47:20,438
This is one confident cat!
34946