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Every year, spectacular seasons
transform our planet.
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00:00:11,280 --> 00:00:14,360
They're the driving force of all
life on Earth...
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00:00:17,120 --> 00:00:20,960
..bringing opportunities and huge
challenges.
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00:00:23,320 --> 00:00:25,560
Spring bursts with new life.
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00:00:27,920 --> 00:00:30,480
But it's a race to grab fleeting
chances.
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00:00:32,600 --> 00:00:35,240
Summer is all about glorious
abundance.
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00:00:36,440 --> 00:00:39,280
But the heat can push animals to
their limits.
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00:00:41,240 --> 00:00:43,920
Autumn is nature's great gold rush.
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00:00:47,680 --> 00:00:49,440
But competition is fierce.
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00:00:52,960 --> 00:00:55,560
Winter creates a frozen wonderland.
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00:00:58,000 --> 00:01:00,360
And only the most resourceful will
survive.
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00:01:08,360 --> 00:01:10,320
In every corner of the planet,
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00:01:10,320 --> 00:01:13,880
animals rise to overcome the
seemingly impossible...
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00:01:15,400 --> 00:01:17,440
..and use extraordinary tricks...
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00:01:18,840 --> 00:01:20,160
..to thrive against the odds...
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00:01:22,160 --> 00:01:26,000
..as the seasons create the greatest
shows on Earth.
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00:01:36,720 --> 00:01:37,800
Spring.
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00:01:39,240 --> 00:01:42,880
The sun's getting higher,
the air's getting warmer...
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..and nature bursts back to life.
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00:01:55,080 --> 00:01:56,880
But the clock is ticking.
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00:01:56,880 --> 00:01:58,560
The good times are fleeting.
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00:02:03,200 --> 00:02:06,560
Life in spring is one big race.
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00:02:08,400 --> 00:02:11,320
It's a rush to grow up and find your
way in the world.
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00:02:13,800 --> 00:02:16,720
But often, the first challenge is
simply...
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00:02:18,720 --> 00:02:20,000
..getting out of bed.
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00:02:25,280 --> 00:02:26,960
In the mountains of Alaska,
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00:02:26,960 --> 00:02:31,080
there's one animal that's waking up
after six months fast asleep.
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00:02:33,400 --> 00:02:39,400
In early spring, all across North
America, 60,000 grizzly bears come
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00:02:39,400 --> 00:02:42,000
lumbering out of their dens.
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They've slept their way right
through the worst of winter.
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00:02:51,120 --> 00:02:53,360
This mother gave birth ten weeks
ago.
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Her cubs have been fattening up on
her milk ever since.
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They're now 20 times bigger than
when they were born.
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But there's nothing to eat up here.
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00:03:14,080 --> 00:03:16,920
She has to get them down to the
warmth of the valleys.
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00:03:20,400 --> 00:03:23,720
This is the first time these cubs
have seen the outside world.
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00:03:26,680 --> 00:03:29,040
But there's no time for playing
about.
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00:03:29,040 --> 00:03:31,560
Their mother hasn't eaten a thing
since autumn.
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00:03:35,240 --> 00:03:38,880
Every thousand feet they descend,
the air gets one degree warmer.
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00:03:40,920 --> 00:03:43,480
Every step takes them closer to
spring.
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For some, it's a perilous journey.
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This family chose to make their den
8,000 feet up.
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It kept them safe from attack by
other bears through the winter.
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But now they have to get down again.
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These cubs are two years old,
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00:04:09,440 --> 00:04:11,800
and they've made this journey
before.
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00:04:11,800 --> 00:04:14,200
They don't seem too worried by the
steep climb down.
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Their mother needs them to keep up,
but not everyone's paying attention.
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00:04:41,080 --> 00:04:44,840
In just a couple of months, this
young bear will leave his mother for
good
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00:04:44,840 --> 00:04:45,840
and lead his own life...
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00:04:47,320 --> 00:04:51,160
..and he's already showing signs of
wilful independence.
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00:04:54,280 --> 00:04:57,680
But this is probably not the best
place to strike out on your own.
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He's in danger of getting lost.
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00:05:12,320 --> 00:05:13,920
Bears are good climbers...
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..but this is a risky manoeuvre on
a vertical icy slope.
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00:05:25,000 --> 00:05:27,040
He got himself into this mess
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and he's going to have to get
himself out.
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His mother can't wait for
stragglers.
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BEAR PANTS
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This is probably the first time he's
ever left her side...
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..and as he's still reliant on her,
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he needs to find her.
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For young grizzly bears, spring is
full of life lessons.
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This time next year, they'll be
finding their own way down.
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But, for now, Mother knows best.
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Meanwhile, in the lowlands, there's
a magical transformation happening.
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In the valleys, the grizzly bears
have left the snow behind.
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00:06:44,280 --> 00:06:46,520
It's taken them days to get here,
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00:06:46,520 --> 00:06:48,240
and they've barely eaten on the way.
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00:06:50,320 --> 00:06:52,920
But it's ten degrees warmer down
here.
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Spring has landed.
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And this is what they've come for -
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the fresh greens.
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00:07:05,040 --> 00:07:09,200
At this time of year, it's all new
growth, rich in sugar,
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00:07:09,200 --> 00:07:12,360
and that's just what they need after
their long winter fast.
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00:07:16,000 --> 00:07:19,080
They've got through spring's first
challenge -
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to wake up and find a feast.
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00:07:25,880 --> 00:07:29,600
While thousands of grizzly bears are
emerging across North America,
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00:07:29,600 --> 00:07:32,280
further south, in Mexico,
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00:07:32,280 --> 00:07:37,520
there's a tiny creature whose spring
awakening is on a truly epic scale.
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00:07:39,720 --> 00:07:42,640
In the forests of the Sierra Madre
Mountains,
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the trees are festooned with monarch
butterflies.
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00:07:48,640 --> 00:07:52,000
They've spent the winter asleep,
huddled together for warmth.
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There are millions of them.
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These trees have been the perfect
roost.
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00:08:02,120 --> 00:08:04,520
The branches shelter them like a
blanket,
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keeping out the freezing nights.
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00:08:11,160 --> 00:08:15,320
On a sunny spring morning, the
butterflies begin to stir.
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00:08:36,480 --> 00:08:40,080
When the sun warms their bodies
above 13 degrees Centigrade...
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..they start to fly.
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00:08:57,000 --> 00:09:00,160
More than 100 million take to the
air.
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00:09:00,160 --> 00:09:03,480
It's the biggest gathering of
butterflies in the world.
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00:09:07,360 --> 00:09:10,800
They're getting ready for a long and
arduous journey.
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They stream from the colony and make
their way to water to drink.
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00:09:18,560 --> 00:09:20,560
Then they bask in the spring sun
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to get their muscles warmed up for
flight.
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Soon they'll be off.
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00:09:31,320 --> 00:09:34,240
They're all going in search of one
very special plant...
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00:09:38,840 --> 00:09:40,960
..and it only flowers in spring...
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..milkweed.
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The butterflies won't lay their eggs
on any other plant,
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so they must time their wake-up
perfectly
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for when the milkweed blooms.
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00:09:56,160 --> 00:10:00,120
Generations of butterflies fly 3,000
miles to Canada...
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00:10:01,280 --> 00:10:04,520
..following the flowering of this
one particular plant.
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00:10:05,640 --> 00:10:09,280
It's the greatest insect migration
on Earth,
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00:10:09,280 --> 00:10:12,680
and it only starts when the sun
wakes them up in spring.
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00:10:18,000 --> 00:10:21,200
Life in spring is all about timing.
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As soon as the light returns,
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animals have to be ready to seize
the moment.
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00:10:25,960 --> 00:10:29,360
And, for some, that means attracting
a mate.
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00:10:38,520 --> 00:10:42,360
For a few weeks, birds suddenly
become sensitive to the longer days.
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The extra sunlight flicks a switch
deep inside their brains...
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..and this kick-starts their sex
hormones.
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All around the world, song birds
sing at dawn to keep out rivals
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and attract mates.
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00:11:03,240 --> 00:11:06,560
But it's not just singing that'll
get you noticed.
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As males rush to impress females, it
leads to some outrageous flirting.
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00:11:13,880 --> 00:11:17,760
In the North American grasslands, a
sage grouse woos the females by
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00:11:17,760 --> 00:11:20,720
inflating his magnificent chest
sacs.
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00:11:26,480 --> 00:11:31,200
An Asian Temminck's tragopan starts
by hiding from the female.
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00:11:32,400 --> 00:11:35,120
But then he plays peekaboo,
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00:11:35,120 --> 00:11:38,080
trying to dazzle her with his exotic
good looks.
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00:11:43,760 --> 00:11:47,600
And in India, a peacock shakes his
flamboyant tail,
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00:11:47,600 --> 00:11:51,800
hoping to impress a passing hen by
shimmying his feathers.
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Success is never guaranteed.
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00:12:00,120 --> 00:12:02,320
On the lakes of North America,
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one bird's courtship display is
unlike any other.
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Clark's grebes.
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00:12:13,400 --> 00:12:16,040
They've just flown in from the
Pacific coast,
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00:12:16,040 --> 00:12:18,040
and here in Oregon is where they'll
breed.
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00:12:21,160 --> 00:12:25,160
At this time of year, these
sheltered freshwater lakes are
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the perfect place to raise a family.
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00:12:30,480 --> 00:12:32,880
These two lovebirds paired up last
season.
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00:12:34,120 --> 00:12:38,080
But they've spent the winter apart
so they need to get reacquainted.
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00:12:40,400 --> 00:12:42,760
If they stick together as parents,
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00:12:42,760 --> 00:12:45,600
they'll give their chicks the best
start in life.
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00:12:49,160 --> 00:12:51,360
They need to prove their mutual
devotion...
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..so they dance.
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00:13:04,000 --> 00:13:06,840
They start by copying each other's
movements
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as they preen their feathers.
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00:13:20,320 --> 00:13:23,640
Then, to show he really means it,
the male will find a fish...
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..and offer it to her as a gift.
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00:13:52,880 --> 00:13:55,200
With eyes only for each other,
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they reach the climax of their
romantic display.
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00:14:15,600 --> 00:14:21,360
Only grebes can do this. No other
bird this heavy can run on water.
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00:14:22,880 --> 00:14:27,440
But this display might help them get
their breeding cycles in sync.
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00:14:41,440 --> 00:14:42,920
At this time of year,
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the pressure on males to impress a
female is relentless.
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00:14:48,680 --> 00:14:52,800
One ploy is to provide her with the
perfect nest to lay her eggs.
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00:14:56,800 --> 00:15:00,360
But if you live in Antarctica, the
most desolate place on Earth...
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00:15:01,600 --> 00:15:04,400
..nest-building materials are hard
to come by.
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00:15:14,160 --> 00:15:16,600
At Cape Crozier,
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Adelie penguins are in a hurry.
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00:15:22,640 --> 00:15:25,360
They've spent the whole winter at
sea but,
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as the days get longer, more than
150,000 come rushing back to land...
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..to breed.
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The season is so short here,
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they have to be in the right place
to build
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a nest as soon as the ice thaws.
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The males are first to arrive,
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racing each other to stake a claim
to last year's patch.
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But with over 60 miles of ice to
cross,
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just getting to the nest site is a
challenge in itself.
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00:16:18,560 --> 00:16:21,120
They're heading for this rocky
slope,
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00:16:21,120 --> 00:16:23,480
the first to feel the warmth of the
spring sunshine.
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00:16:31,000 --> 00:16:33,200
When the females arrive in a few
days' time,
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00:16:33,200 --> 00:16:36,040
the males must impress them with a
good-looking nest.
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00:16:38,080 --> 00:16:40,960
But with temperatures rarely above
freezing,
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no trees or shrubs can grow here.
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One thing there's plenty of...
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00:16:49,200 --> 00:16:50,200
..is pebbles.
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A neat little pebble nest will stop
the eggs rolling around on the ice.
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00:17:08,240 --> 00:17:12,600
But finding just the right stones is
a time-consuming business.
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00:17:17,200 --> 00:17:20,120
To get ahead, some are prepared to
cheat.
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00:18:02,960 --> 00:18:05,000
The victim senses something's
wrong...
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..but can't quite put his finger on
what.
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The thief's nest is coming
along nicely.
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00:18:24,200 --> 00:18:26,800
But even a villain can become a
victim.
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00:18:26,800 --> 00:18:27,760
PENGUIN SQUAWKS
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Although he's a lot quicker to spot
when he's being robbed.
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PENGUIN SQUAWKS
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Well, he would, because it takes one
to know one.
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00:18:42,600 --> 00:18:44,120
PENGUINS SQUAWK
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Finally, they're finished,
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00:18:46,200 --> 00:18:48,040
and just in the nick of time -
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00:18:48,040 --> 00:18:49,880
the females are back.
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00:18:52,640 --> 00:18:55,400
The first to arrive will grab
the best-looking nests.
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00:18:58,440 --> 00:19:02,280
But what also impresses them is a
male with a good voice.
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00:19:04,360 --> 00:19:06,040
PENGUINS SQUAWK AND CHATTER
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00:19:06,040 --> 00:19:09,560
A well-held note is the sign of a
well-fed male.
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00:19:12,080 --> 00:19:14,680
And that's just what the female
wants.
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00:19:14,680 --> 00:19:18,960
It shows he has the resources to
stay and incubate the egg while
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00:19:18,960 --> 00:19:21,000
she's off feeding out at sea.
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00:19:24,040 --> 00:19:28,040
Choices made and thousands of
couples start breeding.
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00:19:34,000 --> 00:19:38,760
Within six weeks, the slopes are
crowded with spring chicks.
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00:19:40,560 --> 00:19:43,240
CHICK CHEEPS
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00:19:57,480 --> 00:20:01,760
This is the season when many animals
race to pair up and breed.
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00:20:01,760 --> 00:20:06,880
All this activity leads to one
thing - an abundance of babies.
200
00:20:15,000 --> 00:20:17,680
With more hours of daylight and
plenty of food,
201
00:20:17,680 --> 00:20:22,120
spring is the perfect time for young
animals to fatten up and grow.
202
00:20:24,520 --> 00:20:26,920
But the season moves fast.
203
00:20:26,920 --> 00:20:28,440
And it won't be long before
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00:20:28,440 --> 00:20:30,680
they have to start fending for
themselves.
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00:20:30,680 --> 00:20:33,880
So it's also the time to learn the
basics of survival.
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00:20:39,560 --> 00:20:41,400
This Alaskan grizzly bear mother
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00:20:41,400 --> 00:20:43,240
might look like she's just
playing...
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00:20:46,080 --> 00:20:47,720
..but this rough and tumble
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00:20:47,720 --> 00:20:50,640
is teaching her four-month-old cub a
vital lesson...
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..how to hold his own in fights
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with other males when he's a
grown-up bear.
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00:21:02,040 --> 00:21:06,360
This otter mum in Yellowstone is
taking her ten-week-old cubs for
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00:21:06,360 --> 00:21:07,320
a fishing lesson.
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00:21:08,960 --> 00:21:13,840
They're already expert swimmers,
but catching a cut-throat trout is
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00:21:13,840 --> 00:21:14,800
beyond their skills.
216
00:21:19,600 --> 00:21:22,040
So it's a case of watch...
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00:21:22,040 --> 00:21:23,640
OTTER SQUEALS
..and learn.
218
00:21:30,360 --> 00:21:32,680
And, for now,
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00:21:32,680 --> 00:21:34,840
they'll have to make do with caviar.
220
00:21:46,240 --> 00:21:50,400
The Pantanal in Brazil, the largest
wetlands in the world.
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00:21:52,360 --> 00:21:54,120
It's the end of the dry season.
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00:21:55,760 --> 00:21:58,640
For a few weeks, this is their
spring.
223
00:21:58,640 --> 00:22:03,400
Light showers of rain bring lush
grasses and swarms of insects
224
00:22:03,400 --> 00:22:06,440
before the Pantanal is flooded by
summer storms.
225
00:22:08,160 --> 00:22:09,840
This is when animals have their
young...
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00:22:12,200 --> 00:22:14,640
..born into a world where there's
plenty to eat.
227
00:22:21,680 --> 00:22:26,240
In a nearby forest, the trees are
full of ring-tailed coatis.
228
00:22:31,320 --> 00:22:36,160
They're related to raccoons and they
stick together in big family groups.
229
00:22:38,040 --> 00:22:39,760
While their pups are young,
230
00:22:39,760 --> 00:22:42,720
they're kept out of danger in the
safety of the woods.
231
00:22:45,560 --> 00:22:47,520
But now they're ten weeks old...
232
00:22:49,120 --> 00:22:53,240
..and it's time to make their first
trip out into the spring grasslands
233
00:22:53,240 --> 00:22:54,800
to start looking for their own food.
234
00:22:59,320 --> 00:23:00,320
COATI SQUEAKS
235
00:23:07,080 --> 00:23:11,240
There may be 30 in the family band
so there should be plenty of adults
236
00:23:11,240 --> 00:23:12,200
keeping watch.
237
00:23:15,400 --> 00:23:18,720
In this wide-open space, it's easy
to get lost.
238
00:23:20,280 --> 00:23:25,880
So for every young coati, the first
rule to remember is never lose sight
239
00:23:25,880 --> 00:23:26,800
of your mother's tail.
240
00:23:38,960 --> 00:23:43,240
They're surrounded by unfamiliar
faces, but who's friendly...
241
00:23:44,320 --> 00:23:45,920
..and who should you avoid?
242
00:23:49,120 --> 00:23:51,560
Southern lapwings are good to have
around.
243
00:23:52,960 --> 00:23:56,880
They follow the coatis, picking up
little bugs the family leave behind.
244
00:23:58,480 --> 00:24:01,920
In return, they keep an eye out for
predators.
245
00:24:06,520 --> 00:24:08,640
Armadillos only eat insects...
246
00:24:12,320 --> 00:24:13,760
..and so do giant anteaters.
247
00:24:16,560 --> 00:24:17,720
Nothing to worry about here.
248
00:24:23,240 --> 00:24:27,520
But this savanna hawk is watching
with a less than friendly interest.
249
00:24:27,520 --> 00:24:28,520
LAPWINGS TRILL
250
00:24:42,720 --> 00:24:46,120
The mother makes a dash for the
forest to get her pups to safety.
251
00:24:52,040 --> 00:24:55,480
But with so many babies, it's hard
to check if everyone's made it home.
252
00:24:59,800 --> 00:25:01,600
COATI SQUEAKS
253
00:25:02,680 --> 00:25:05,720
Sure enough, this pup's got left
behind.
254
00:25:07,320 --> 00:25:08,320
COATI SQUEAKS
255
00:25:10,600 --> 00:25:13,160
Mistakes like this can be fatal.
256
00:25:18,800 --> 00:25:20,680
COATI SQUEAKS
257
00:25:34,560 --> 00:25:37,960
He knows he must somehow get back to
the safety of the forest.
258
00:25:57,760 --> 00:25:59,680
Spring is full of perils.
259
00:26:02,480 --> 00:26:05,160
And this coati pup just got a little
wiser.
260
00:26:06,520 --> 00:26:09,440
Round here, it pays to stick with
your family.
261
00:26:24,000 --> 00:26:26,760
As the spring sun warms the air,
262
00:26:26,760 --> 00:26:30,000
the urge to breed isn't just
confined to animals.
263
00:26:31,040 --> 00:26:33,640
Plants are doing it, too,
264
00:26:33,640 --> 00:26:35,240
and they have some clever tactics.
265
00:26:43,400 --> 00:26:47,800
In Japan, the mass blossoming of
cherry trees is one of the planet's
266
00:26:47,800 --> 00:26:51,160
most spectacular spring events.
267
00:26:51,160 --> 00:26:54,800
The trees need to attract insects to
spread their pollen,
268
00:26:54,800 --> 00:26:57,720
but they're only fertile for a few
days,
269
00:26:57,720 --> 00:27:02,880
so they flower all at the same time
in one glorious show.
270
00:27:07,400 --> 00:27:10,640
Their extra-sweet nectar keeps the
insects coming back for more.
271
00:27:16,320 --> 00:27:21,800
North American water lilies spend
all winter asleep under the ice but,
272
00:27:21,800 --> 00:27:26,880
in spring, it takes them just four
days to rise through the water
273
00:27:26,880 --> 00:27:28,080
and bloom.
274
00:27:33,000 --> 00:27:37,840
As the sun thaws the frozen North,
the Arctic poppy flowers.
275
00:27:40,320 --> 00:27:44,120
Not many plants can survive above
the Arctic Circle,
276
00:27:44,120 --> 00:27:46,360
but this one has a special trick.
277
00:27:49,160 --> 00:27:51,160
As the sun passes overhead,
278
00:27:51,160 --> 00:27:54,680
it follows its progress,
capturing extra warmth...
279
00:27:56,080 --> 00:27:58,360
..and pollinating insects linger
280
00:27:58,360 --> 00:28:00,840
a little longer inside its cosy
petals.
281
00:28:04,800 --> 00:28:07,880
A British woodland in early spring.
282
00:28:07,880 --> 00:28:10,280
The trees are still bare.
283
00:28:10,280 --> 00:28:15,200
But down on the floor, there's a
whole host of plants just waiting to
284
00:28:15,200 --> 00:28:16,840
grab their moment in the sun.
285
00:28:21,520 --> 00:28:23,400
Early flowers race to bloom
286
00:28:23,400 --> 00:28:27,400
before the trees grow their leaves
and steal the daylight.
287
00:28:40,520 --> 00:28:43,840
With tough competition, you need a
trick or two to get ahead.
288
00:28:48,440 --> 00:28:51,400
Yellow and white flowers reflect
more light,
289
00:28:51,400 --> 00:28:54,640
making them stand out to insects
down here in the shade.
290
00:29:09,440 --> 00:29:14,680
In this race for the light, one
plant puts on a show on a scale seen
291
00:29:14,680 --> 00:29:16,280
nowhere else on Earth.
292
00:29:20,400 --> 00:29:21,840
With their rich soils,
293
00:29:21,840 --> 00:29:25,680
Britain's ancient woodlands are home
to half the world's population...
294
00:29:27,080 --> 00:29:28,080
..of bluebells.
295
00:29:33,440 --> 00:29:38,040
These vibrant carpets of flowers
give bees a vital boost of nectar at
296
00:29:38,040 --> 00:29:39,480
this early time of year.
297
00:29:52,920 --> 00:29:55,720
But spring flowers need more than
just sunshine.
298
00:29:57,160 --> 00:29:58,160
They need rain.
299
00:30:01,840 --> 00:30:03,080
In South Africa,
300
00:30:03,080 --> 00:30:06,920
one of the driest places on Earth is
about to be transformed.
301
00:30:06,920 --> 00:30:08,840
THUNDER RUMBLES
302
00:30:14,040 --> 00:30:15,640
The Namaqua Desert,
303
00:30:15,640 --> 00:30:19,800
a 600-mile strip of land along South
Africa's west coast.
304
00:30:21,560 --> 00:30:25,200
For most of the year, this is an
arid place,
305
00:30:25,200 --> 00:30:27,920
just sand and wind-blasted rock.
306
00:30:30,720 --> 00:30:33,720
But for a few weeks after the winter
rains,
307
00:30:33,720 --> 00:30:36,920
spring puts on a dazzling display.
308
00:31:00,000 --> 00:31:04,720
These Namaqua daisies don't waste
precious energy producing scent.
309
00:31:04,720 --> 00:31:07,640
They want to attract one special
pollinating insect...
310
00:31:09,680 --> 00:31:12,520
..and that insect is only drawn to
colour.
311
00:31:13,960 --> 00:31:15,120
And here he is...
312
00:31:16,400 --> 00:31:17,400
..a monkey beetle.
313
00:31:19,880 --> 00:31:22,880
He's spent the winter underground,
but he's come out
314
00:31:22,880 --> 00:31:24,320
just in time for the flower show.
315
00:31:28,160 --> 00:31:29,880
As he hops from flower to flower...
316
00:31:31,440 --> 00:31:33,000
..he's spreading the daises'
pollen...
317
00:31:35,920 --> 00:31:38,480
..but he's only interested in
finding a female.
318
00:31:42,800 --> 00:31:43,760
There's one.
319
00:31:44,880 --> 00:31:46,240
She's a golden beauty.
320
00:31:49,320 --> 00:31:50,680
But he's got competition.
321
00:32:01,360 --> 00:32:03,600
The female is so busy feeding,
322
00:32:03,600 --> 00:32:06,360
she doesn't even notice the two
males brawling over her.
323
00:32:12,880 --> 00:32:16,120
But the battling beetles are good
news for the flower.
324
00:32:16,120 --> 00:32:18,160
They're now covered in pollen,
325
00:32:18,160 --> 00:32:20,200
which they'll spread to the next
flower they visit.
326
00:32:24,640 --> 00:32:26,680
The female has lost interest.
327
00:32:28,560 --> 00:32:30,200
But the males fight on.
328
00:32:54,440 --> 00:32:55,400
He's won the brawl...
329
00:32:56,920 --> 00:32:58,120
..but the female's gone.
330
00:33:03,640 --> 00:33:06,440
With so many beetles drawn to these
flowers,
331
00:33:06,440 --> 00:33:07,800
he shouldn't be single for long.
332
00:33:15,840 --> 00:33:18,440
A result - the beetle finds a
mate...
333
00:33:21,400 --> 00:33:23,720
..and the flowers are pollinated.
334
00:33:27,640 --> 00:33:31,280
Now next year's spring display will
be just as spectacular.
335
00:33:37,200 --> 00:33:39,120
When winter releases its hold,
336
00:33:39,120 --> 00:33:43,480
spring can bring great opportunities
for those prepared to take advantage
of them.
337
00:33:46,080 --> 00:33:49,560
In the search for food or a safe
place to breed,
338
00:33:49,560 --> 00:33:52,800
many animals will make
extraordinary journeys.
339
00:34:00,200 --> 00:34:02,960
In the Arctic, the ocean fills with
fish.
340
00:34:04,440 --> 00:34:07,040
Little auks fly nearly 2,000 miles
341
00:34:07,040 --> 00:34:09,840
to Svalbard just to raise their
chicks on
342
00:34:09,840 --> 00:34:11,680
the cliffs around these teeming
waters.
343
00:34:15,960 --> 00:34:17,600
Off the coast of Alaska,
344
00:34:17,600 --> 00:34:19,640
millions of Pacific herring
345
00:34:19,640 --> 00:34:23,280
swim up from the depths to spawn in
the warming shallows.
346
00:34:28,560 --> 00:34:31,600
As the Arctic tundra unlocks in
Greenland,
347
00:34:31,600 --> 00:34:35,800
snow geese fly all the way from
Mexico to raise their young
348
00:34:35,800 --> 00:34:37,400
on the fresh new grass.
349
00:34:43,640 --> 00:34:47,440
These long migrations can be
gruelling tests of endurance.
350
00:34:49,080 --> 00:34:55,360
In Africa, one small bird is about
to set off on a 3,000-mile journey
351
00:34:55,360 --> 00:34:59,040
across one of the most inhospitable
places on Earth.
352
00:34:59,040 --> 00:35:00,440
SWALLOW CHEEPS
353
00:35:02,920 --> 00:35:05,720
Barn swallows have spent the winter
in Nigeria...
354
00:35:07,560 --> 00:35:10,040
..but the rising temperatures are
their cue to leave.
355
00:35:13,000 --> 00:35:15,800
Two million birds are on the move.
356
00:35:19,080 --> 00:35:20,880
There's plenty of food here,
357
00:35:20,880 --> 00:35:23,000
but it's not the best place to bring
up chicks.
358
00:35:24,600 --> 00:35:26,080
There's too much competition...
359
00:35:28,480 --> 00:35:31,080
..so they're heading for spring in
Europe.
360
00:35:38,400 --> 00:35:40,840
These birds are tiny.
361
00:35:40,840 --> 00:35:44,320
They weigh not much more than a
couple of pound coins,
362
00:35:44,320 --> 00:35:47,760
but they're about to undertake one
of nature's toughest migrations.
363
00:35:51,000 --> 00:35:53,040
Ahead of them, there's a deathtrap.
364
00:35:58,960 --> 00:36:00,240
The Sahara Desert.
365
00:36:03,600 --> 00:36:05,520
It's much too big to fly around.
366
00:36:07,680 --> 00:36:10,440
The swallows have no choice but to
fly across it.
367
00:36:14,400 --> 00:36:18,040
1,000 miles of almost nothing but
sand.
368
00:36:27,760 --> 00:36:30,640
It will take them four days to get
across.
369
00:36:30,640 --> 00:36:34,680
Somehow, they will have to find
water on the way
370
00:36:34,680 --> 00:36:37,120
otherwise they will die of thirst.
371
00:36:45,480 --> 00:36:46,640
As they cross Libya...
372
00:36:48,080 --> 00:36:52,320
..in an ocean of sand, there's a
tiny speck of blue.
373
00:37:00,760 --> 00:37:02,920
Umm al-Maa,
374
00:37:02,920 --> 00:37:07,960
a lake of ancient ground water
seeping to the surface.
375
00:37:07,960 --> 00:37:10,640
But this oasis is not what it seems.
376
00:37:15,320 --> 00:37:19,280
Over thousands of years, the lake
has been evaporating.
377
00:37:19,280 --> 00:37:21,840
It's nearly five times saltier than
the sea.
378
00:37:24,080 --> 00:37:27,040
If the swallows tried to drink this,
it would kill them.
379
00:37:28,680 --> 00:37:30,000
FLIES BUZZ
380
00:37:30,000 --> 00:37:32,920
But there's an unexpected solution.
381
00:37:32,920 --> 00:37:36,440
At this time of year, thousands of
brine flies emerge from the lake.
382
00:37:38,520 --> 00:37:40,120
Their bodies filter out the salt...
383
00:37:42,440 --> 00:37:46,320
..so, effectively, they're tiny
packages of fresh water.
384
00:37:49,080 --> 00:37:52,400
The swallows gorge on them and get
all the water they need.
385
00:37:55,920 --> 00:37:58,400
And they're not the only ones.
386
00:37:58,400 --> 00:38:02,000
Wagtails also break their northern
journey for the fly bonanza.
387
00:38:10,960 --> 00:38:13,720
This is the swallows' only stopover,
388
00:38:13,720 --> 00:38:15,720
but it's enough to get them
across the desert.
389
00:38:21,360 --> 00:38:23,800
By the time they reach Europe,
390
00:38:23,800 --> 00:38:26,000
spring has arrived in the Northern
Hemisphere.
391
00:38:29,680 --> 00:38:34,080
They now have four months to feed up
and raise their family before they
392
00:38:34,080 --> 00:38:36,360
fly all the way back to Africa.
393
00:38:47,120 --> 00:38:49,200
For other animals on the move,
394
00:38:49,200 --> 00:38:52,680
the challenge is not so much about
distance, but navigation.
395
00:38:57,400 --> 00:38:59,760
In the Arctic, spring unlocks
396
00:38:59,760 --> 00:39:03,040
the land, but the vast areas of
frozen sea
397
00:39:03,040 --> 00:39:04,200
take longer to crack.
398
00:39:05,680 --> 00:39:07,880
So animals here must find their way
399
00:39:07,880 --> 00:39:10,680
through a constantly shifting
landscape.
400
00:39:13,760 --> 00:39:18,800
As the sun gets more intense and the
sea ice melts, pools begin to form.
401
00:39:20,240 --> 00:39:25,520
The darker water absorbs warmth and
the pace of the ice melt increases.
402
00:39:34,880 --> 00:39:37,920
The great sheet of ice starts to
split.
403
00:39:40,080 --> 00:39:43,760
These huge cracks are known as
leads,
404
00:39:43,760 --> 00:39:46,440
and they're just what one animal is
looking for.
405
00:39:53,760 --> 00:39:54,760
Narwhal.
406
00:39:57,840 --> 00:40:03,280
These strange whales are some of the
most secretive animals in the ocean.
407
00:40:04,680 --> 00:40:07,480
Over winter, they've been feeding at
408
00:40:07,480 --> 00:40:10,240
the edge of the sea ice but, in
spring,
409
00:40:10,240 --> 00:40:14,920
as the ice begins to shrink,
predators start to move in.
410
00:40:20,360 --> 00:40:21,400
Killer whales.
411
00:40:22,600 --> 00:40:24,240
They have a taste for narwhal.
412
00:40:28,800 --> 00:40:33,160
To avoid them, the narwhal begin a
600-mile journey north to find
413
00:40:33,160 --> 00:40:34,760
safer waters close to land.
414
00:40:38,080 --> 00:40:40,680
And these giant leads are the only
pathway through.
415
00:40:57,520 --> 00:40:59,600
It's a hazardous journey.
416
00:40:59,600 --> 00:41:01,760
These cracks could close over at any
time.
417
00:41:03,680 --> 00:41:05,280
The narwhal will have to navigate
418
00:41:05,280 --> 00:41:08,120
carefully through a constantly
shifting maze of ice.
419
00:41:21,920 --> 00:41:24,560
They've barely got going and they've
hit a dead end.
420
00:41:26,480 --> 00:41:29,840
They use their heads and tusks to
try to batter their way through.
421
00:41:40,560 --> 00:41:41,760
The ice is too thick.
422
00:41:44,880 --> 00:41:48,480
Rather than go back, their only
option is to look for another lead.
423
00:41:51,200 --> 00:41:53,160
But that means going under.
424
00:41:58,200 --> 00:42:00,920
They need to surface every 15
minutes to breathe...
425
00:42:02,160 --> 00:42:04,560
..or they'll drown,
426
00:42:04,560 --> 00:42:07,240
so it's a constant search for the
next airhole.
427
00:42:28,960 --> 00:42:30,320
They've found another lead.
428
00:42:36,640 --> 00:42:38,320
But the gap has suddenly narrowed.
429
00:42:40,560 --> 00:42:42,480
There's barely room for one-way
traffic.
430
00:42:48,040 --> 00:42:50,480
And they hit another snag.
431
00:42:50,480 --> 00:42:53,920
Another pod of narwhal is trying to
find their way through,
432
00:42:53,920 --> 00:42:56,560
and they're coming from the opposite
direction.
433
00:42:58,600 --> 00:42:59,680
It's a stand-off.
434
00:43:10,800 --> 00:43:13,040
There's nothing to be gained
from a fight.
435
00:43:13,040 --> 00:43:17,120
The newcomers give way and everyone
continues in the same direction.
436
00:43:24,400 --> 00:43:26,200
These tussles will soon be over.
437
00:43:34,440 --> 00:43:35,960
The Arctic sea ice will melt...
438
00:43:38,120 --> 00:43:41,880
..and the narwhal will spend their
summer breeding in the bays.
439
00:43:57,520 --> 00:43:59,720
Some animals spend their whole life
travelling.
440
00:44:02,560 --> 00:44:04,520
In the North American tundra,
441
00:44:04,520 --> 00:44:08,320
caribou make the longest migration
of any land mammal on Earth.
442
00:44:12,760 --> 00:44:16,200
When calves are born in the spring,
they have to be ready to run.
443
00:44:18,440 --> 00:44:21,400
This far north, by the end of
spring,
444
00:44:21,400 --> 00:44:25,720
the sun is warming the tundra almost
24 hours a day.
445
00:44:25,720 --> 00:44:27,760
The grass is fresh and nutritious,
446
00:44:27,760 --> 00:44:31,000
and the caribou barely stop eating.
447
00:44:43,040 --> 00:44:45,120
More than two million animals
448
00:44:45,120 --> 00:44:47,680
move across the tundra on a constant
search
449
00:44:47,680 --> 00:44:48,720
for the best grazing.
450
00:44:56,520 --> 00:45:00,960
They might travel over 20 miles a
day without even stopping to sleep.
451
00:45:05,360 --> 00:45:09,000
But while they're benefiting from
spring's good times,
452
00:45:09,000 --> 00:45:11,040
it's about to bring out their worst
enemy.
453
00:45:14,280 --> 00:45:15,560
At this time of year,
454
00:45:15,560 --> 00:45:18,600
the sun is strong enough to melt the
permafrost,
455
00:45:18,600 --> 00:45:21,440
the frozen soil beneath the grass.
456
00:45:21,440 --> 00:45:27,480
The tundra is covered in pools of
water, and they're the perfect place
457
00:45:27,480 --> 00:45:29,320
for mosquitoes to breed.
458
00:45:35,440 --> 00:45:39,520
Great clouds of them emerge and head
straight for the caribou.
459
00:45:49,680 --> 00:45:52,480
The mosquitoes are voracious.
460
00:45:52,480 --> 00:45:55,320
They can drain half a pint of blood
in a day.
461
00:45:56,920 --> 00:46:00,000
They drive the caribou crazy.
462
00:46:04,080 --> 00:46:06,840
The caribou do anything they can to
avoid being bitten.
463
00:46:08,560 --> 00:46:11,360
The ones on the outside of the
herd are the most exposed...
464
00:46:14,440 --> 00:46:18,280
..so everyone tries to shuffle into
the middle for maximum protection.
465
00:46:27,720 --> 00:46:31,280
When they can't stand it any more,
they bolt to higher ground.
466
00:46:49,160 --> 00:46:52,960
Up here, there are still patches of
snow, and it's too cold for
467
00:46:52,960 --> 00:46:54,400
the mosquitoes to follow.
468
00:46:56,440 --> 00:46:58,840
The caribou finally get some relief.
469
00:47:09,040 --> 00:47:11,800
The constant search for fresh grass
470
00:47:11,800 --> 00:47:15,040
drives the caribou's nomadic way of
life.
471
00:47:15,040 --> 00:47:19,960
Every year, they cover distances of
3,000 miles.
472
00:47:30,200 --> 00:47:34,440
Round the world, spring is one big
race to grab the good times.
473
00:47:35,680 --> 00:47:38,280
The increasing power of the sun
makes plants grow...
474
00:47:39,960 --> 00:47:41,440
..and brings out the insects...
475
00:47:42,800 --> 00:47:45,840
..and that provides food for
everything else.
476
00:47:50,680 --> 00:47:55,520
As the sun's strength increases, in
forests, a feast is about to appear.
477
00:47:57,520 --> 00:48:03,040
After 1,000 hours of winter
chilling, buds start to burst.
478
00:48:04,760 --> 00:48:07,920
Inside each one, the leaves are
neatly pleated,
479
00:48:07,920 --> 00:48:10,520
spring-loaded to expand as quickly
480
00:48:10,520 --> 00:48:13,280
as possible and start capturing
the sun.
481
00:48:23,840 --> 00:48:27,000
But from the moment they unfurl,
they're under attack.
482
00:48:33,120 --> 00:48:36,200
Caterpillars are insatiable,
483
00:48:36,200 --> 00:48:39,440
but they're a vital link in the
spring food chain.
484
00:48:44,960 --> 00:48:49,400
Bluetits feed each of their chicks
15,000 caterpillars by the time
485
00:48:49,400 --> 00:48:50,480
they leave the nest.
486
00:48:55,440 --> 00:48:58,560
Even in rivers, sunlight brings out
the insects.
487
00:49:00,360 --> 00:49:02,200
In southern France,
488
00:49:02,200 --> 00:49:05,520
a damselfly is just beginning her
new life as an adult.
489
00:49:12,160 --> 00:49:14,480
But when there's a hungry marsh frog
in the water...
490
00:49:17,680 --> 00:49:18,840
..it's rather brief.
491
00:49:23,320 --> 00:49:27,800
In some places, the emergence of
insects is truly sensational.
492
00:49:29,840 --> 00:49:32,960
Beneath the surface of an English
river,
493
00:49:32,960 --> 00:49:35,520
mayflies are beginning to stir.
494
00:49:38,160 --> 00:49:41,680
They've spent the last two years
living underwater as larvae.
495
00:49:43,840 --> 00:49:46,520
But on one day in spring,
496
00:49:46,520 --> 00:49:48,960
as the sun gets more intense,
497
00:49:48,960 --> 00:49:53,200
they emerge as adults in spectacular
numbers.
498
00:49:56,840 --> 00:49:59,880
Their only mission is to find a mate
and lay their eggs.
499
00:50:02,560 --> 00:50:06,200
By hatching all together, they
increase their chances of success.
500
00:50:14,920 --> 00:50:18,560
They may only live for 24 hours, so
they have to be quick.
501
00:50:30,160 --> 00:50:33,400
They appear like this on rivers
across Europe every spring.
502
00:50:38,360 --> 00:50:42,000
It's a brief free-for-all, and
everyone joins in.
503
00:51:05,080 --> 00:51:08,720
But millions escape and live just
long enough to lay their eggs.
504
00:51:11,800 --> 00:51:14,640
The show's over until next spring.
505
00:51:19,160 --> 00:51:20,960
But it's in the open ocean
506
00:51:20,960 --> 00:51:24,400
that spring puts on the most
spectacular feast of all.
507
00:51:27,240 --> 00:51:30,040
It all starts very small.
508
00:51:30,040 --> 00:51:32,920
In seas with plenty of nutrients,
509
00:51:32,920 --> 00:51:37,400
the increasing sunlight sparks the
growth of microscopic plankton.
510
00:51:40,680 --> 00:51:44,880
This assorted collection of tiny
life forms drifts around with
511
00:51:44,880 --> 00:51:48,200
the currents but, in spring,
512
00:51:48,200 --> 00:51:50,120
their population explodes.
513
00:51:53,360 --> 00:51:58,120
They multiply 1,000 times in
just a few days and create great
514
00:51:58,120 --> 00:52:02,560
oceanic blooms that stretch for
hundreds of miles.
515
00:52:06,400 --> 00:52:09,960
They're so big, they can be seen
from Space.
516
00:52:20,240 --> 00:52:23,480
These explosions of plankton are so
rich,
517
00:52:23,480 --> 00:52:27,720
they can support some of the biggest
animals on Earth.
518
00:52:27,720 --> 00:52:29,200
WHALE WHISTLES
519
00:52:34,840 --> 00:52:39,320
Humpback whales - a mother and her
two-week-old calf.
520
00:52:48,120 --> 00:52:50,720
They've just left Hawaii, where her
baby was born.
521
00:52:53,000 --> 00:52:57,000
They're heading north to the
plankton-rich seas off Alaska.
522
00:53:04,760 --> 00:53:08,200
The warm waters of Hawaii were the
perfect nursery,
523
00:53:08,200 --> 00:53:11,280
but there wasn't enough food to
sustain them.
524
00:53:11,280 --> 00:53:14,280
She's had nothing to eat for six
months,
525
00:53:14,280 --> 00:53:16,320
and she's still providing her calf
526
00:53:16,320 --> 00:53:18,360
with more than 100 litres of milk
a day.
527
00:53:24,160 --> 00:53:27,080
They have a 3,000-mile journey ahead
of them.
528
00:53:29,880 --> 00:53:34,400
Together, they have to cross the
North Pacific, the world's biggest
ocean.
529
00:53:39,560 --> 00:53:41,920
It's a tough journey for an adult.
530
00:53:41,920 --> 00:53:44,560
For a tiny calf, it's a marathon.
531
00:53:46,400 --> 00:53:50,840
His mother slows her pace to let him
keep up and supports him from below
532
00:53:50,840 --> 00:53:51,800
when he gets tired.
533
00:53:58,760 --> 00:54:00,920
But if she times it right,
534
00:54:00,920 --> 00:54:04,600
they'll arrive to a feast of such
epic proportions,
535
00:54:04,600 --> 00:54:06,880
it will keep them fed for months.
536
00:54:11,160 --> 00:54:15,200
In the seas off Alaska, the water is
filling with life.
537
00:54:18,280 --> 00:54:21,960
Vast numbers of animals are turning
up to graze on the plankton.
538
00:54:26,360 --> 00:54:31,920
Billions of krill arrive - tiny
shrimp-like animals.
539
00:54:35,560 --> 00:54:39,000
A single swarm can contain two
million tonnes of them.
540
00:54:41,480 --> 00:54:44,200
They're one of the most abundant
animals on the planet.
541
00:54:49,160 --> 00:54:52,600
And that, in turn, feeds a lot of
fish.
542
00:55:01,160 --> 00:55:04,720
Huge shoals of herring come up from
the depths to feed on the krill.
543
00:55:15,560 --> 00:55:18,840
And they are the feast that everyone
has been waiting for.
544
00:55:23,720 --> 00:55:27,280
Sea birds have travelled thousands
of miles to make the most of it.
545
00:55:39,720 --> 00:55:41,400
And the herring bonanza draws in
546
00:55:41,400 --> 00:55:43,600
one of the mightiest predators of
them all.
547
00:56:09,600 --> 00:56:14,080
For a humpback whale and her calf,
this is what their journey has all
been for.
548
00:56:16,520 --> 00:56:19,200
She might eat up to a tonne of
herring a day.
549
00:56:22,520 --> 00:56:26,080
It's a feast that will carry on all
through summer.
550
00:56:34,800 --> 00:56:38,640
All across the world, spring brings
unique opportunities.
551
00:56:40,680 --> 00:56:42,640
But you've got to be ready to make
the most of them.
552
00:56:44,440 --> 00:56:47,280
Those who time it right will reap
the rewards.
553
00:56:50,440 --> 00:56:55,080
In Britain, barn swallows will spend
the long summer days feeding up
554
00:56:55,080 --> 00:56:56,720
before they head back to Africa.
555
00:56:58,800 --> 00:57:01,080
In Alaska, young grizzly bears
556
00:57:01,080 --> 00:57:03,640
will spend a few more months with
their mothers,
557
00:57:03,640 --> 00:57:06,520
learning all they need to know for a
life on their own.
558
00:57:13,160 --> 00:57:17,560
In Antarctica, Adelie penguin
parents will fatten up their chicks
559
00:57:17,560 --> 00:57:19,160
with the bounty from the sea.
560
00:57:23,880 --> 00:57:26,200
Spring may have brought challenges
561
00:57:26,200 --> 00:57:31,120
but, for many animals, it's given
them the perfect start in life.
46746
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