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The deep ocean.
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00:00:40,120 --> 00:00:41,680
For mammals,
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it's one of the most
inhospitable places on Earth.
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BEEPING
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00:00:46,480 --> 00:00:50,280
MAN OVER RADIO: Can we move another
camera to channel three? OK.
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00:00:50,280 --> 00:00:51,960
Anything we've got. Yeah.
7
00:00:51,960 --> 00:00:54,000
BEEPING
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00:00:54,000 --> 00:00:56,120
Survival in this alien world...
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00:00:57,800 --> 00:01:00,840
...requires extreme adaptations.
10
00:01:07,640 --> 00:01:11,600
We have only recently begun
to explore these depths.
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00:01:13,680 --> 00:01:14,840
BEEPING
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00:01:14,840 --> 00:01:19,040
So if you're watching on channel
one, the Supersampler is... Yeah.
13
00:01:19,040 --> 00:01:20,760
The heck is that?!
14
00:01:22,760 --> 00:01:25,840
Oh, my gosh!
Oh, my goodness, what is that?
15
00:01:25,840 --> 00:01:29,120
Yet, some mammals
have been coming here
16
00:01:29,120 --> 00:01:31,240
for millions of years.
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00:01:34,360 --> 00:01:35,680
It's a sperm whale.
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00:01:37,040 --> 00:01:39,880
{\an8}Oh, my goodness.
Look at that shape.
19
00:01:39,880 --> 00:01:41,160
{\an8}WOMAN: Holy cow!
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00:01:41,160 --> 00:01:43,480
{\an8}Wow!
Unbelievable.
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00:01:43,480 --> 00:01:45,040
BEEPING
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00:01:47,360 --> 00:01:51,000
Like all mammals,
sperm whales breathe air.
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00:01:53,160 --> 00:01:55,840
Yet, almost a mile underwater,
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00:01:55,840 --> 00:01:58,080
in the freezing darkness,
25
00:01:58,080 --> 00:02:00,600
they seem completely at home.
26
00:02:05,480 --> 00:02:07,480
They, like many mammals,
27
00:02:07,480 --> 00:02:10,760
have overcome the challenges
of living in water
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00:02:10,760 --> 00:02:13,520
in the most remarkable ways.
29
00:02:31,120 --> 00:02:33,760
Many mammals, encountering water,
30
00:02:33,760 --> 00:02:37,840
prefer to do no more
than dip their toes into it.
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{\an8}Northern Sri Lanka,
late in the dry season.
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00:02:49,680 --> 00:02:51,240
A troop of macaques
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00:02:51,240 --> 00:02:54,560
are looking for what little fruit
is left in the forest.
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00:03:02,600 --> 00:03:05,840
Their search has brought them
to a jungle pool.
35
00:03:15,360 --> 00:03:17,560
But there's more for them here
36
00:03:17,560 --> 00:03:19,560
than just a refreshing drink.
37
00:03:25,240 --> 00:03:27,320
Water lilies.
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00:03:34,040 --> 00:03:37,920
Enough to fill the empty stomachs
of the entire troop.
39
00:03:46,040 --> 00:03:49,400
But the flowers
are just out of reach.
40
00:04:21,480 --> 00:04:22,680
Got it!
41
00:04:24,600 --> 00:04:28,640
But a single flower
merely whets the appetite.
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00:04:32,960 --> 00:04:34,360
For the real prize...
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00:04:36,040 --> 00:04:38,280
...they must take the plunge.
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00:04:47,080 --> 00:04:51,360
For an animal that spends
nearly all of its time on land,
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00:04:51,360 --> 00:04:55,440
macaques are surprisingly
competent in water.
46
00:05:05,360 --> 00:05:08,880
They're looking for
the lilies' juicy seed pods...
47
00:05:12,360 --> 00:05:14,960
...which are packed
full of nutrients.
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00:05:18,320 --> 00:05:23,160
An excellent solution to the
macaques' seasonal food crisis.
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00:05:28,520 --> 00:05:30,200
LOUD SPLASH
50
00:05:37,040 --> 00:05:38,880
Thanks to their natural curiosity...
51
00:05:40,640 --> 00:05:43,120
...and willingness
to explore new opportunities...
52
00:05:44,640 --> 00:05:49,520
...these macaques have discovered
that it can pay to jump into water.
53
00:05:58,640 --> 00:06:03,120
Freshwater ponds in a jungle
may be few and far between.
54
00:06:07,560 --> 00:06:09,840
In Central Canada, however,
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00:06:09,840 --> 00:06:12,160
water is everywhere.
56
00:06:18,360 --> 00:06:21,160
Moist soil is easy to dig...
57
00:06:22,520 --> 00:06:24,120
...and just underground
58
00:06:24,120 --> 00:06:26,720
there is a network of tunnels.
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00:06:29,080 --> 00:06:32,640
The work of a particularly
industrious little mammal.
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00:06:34,600 --> 00:06:36,280
SNIFFING
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00:06:43,720 --> 00:06:46,280
A star-nosed mole.
62
00:06:56,800 --> 00:06:58,480
Virtually blind,
63
00:06:58,480 --> 00:07:02,280
he relies on his
super-sensitive nose.
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00:07:10,880 --> 00:07:13,240
It's not just for smelling.
65
00:07:16,360 --> 00:07:17,640
It's also...
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00:07:18,960 --> 00:07:20,360
...for feeling.
67
00:07:21,840 --> 00:07:25,000
And it is 100 times more sensitive
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00:07:25,000 --> 00:07:27,200
than our own fingertips.
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00:07:35,200 --> 00:07:37,720
To fuel his active lifestyle,
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00:07:37,720 --> 00:07:41,280
he must eat up to twice
his body weight every day.
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00:07:46,440 --> 00:07:48,280
And worms, as they burrow,
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00:07:48,280 --> 00:07:52,160
simply drop into his tunnels
of their own accord.
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00:07:55,200 --> 00:07:58,680
Life underground can be pretty good.
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00:08:00,120 --> 00:08:02,000
THUNDER RUMBLES
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00:08:04,240 --> 00:08:06,120
HEAVY RAINFALL
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00:08:08,960 --> 00:08:11,160
But every spring,
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00:08:11,160 --> 00:08:14,240
torrential rain saturates the soil.
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00:08:28,320 --> 00:08:31,960
Before long,
the mole's tunnels are flooded.
79
00:08:41,760 --> 00:08:45,000
He can hold his breath
for little more than 30 seconds.
80
00:08:46,840 --> 00:08:49,600
He must get out or he'll drown.
81
00:09:14,200 --> 00:09:15,640
Made it!
82
00:09:17,440 --> 00:09:18,920
But having taken a breath...
83
00:09:20,280 --> 00:09:21,840
...he dives straight back in.
84
00:09:26,560 --> 00:09:29,000
Large feet, excellent for digging,
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00:09:29,000 --> 00:09:31,600
also make very effective paddles.
86
00:09:34,160 --> 00:09:35,920
And his water-resistant coat
87
00:09:35,920 --> 00:09:37,400
keeps him warm...
88
00:09:38,960 --> 00:09:41,280
...so he's well equipped
for swimming.
89
00:09:47,840 --> 00:09:50,960
But, nonetheless, there's a problem.
90
00:09:53,120 --> 00:09:56,360
How do you sniff out prey
underwater?
91
00:10:02,480 --> 00:10:04,240
AIR BLOWS
92
00:10:08,360 --> 00:10:12,000
First, he blows bubbles
into the submerged leaves.
93
00:10:14,360 --> 00:10:15,840
Smells pass into them.
94
00:10:18,920 --> 00:10:21,520
And sniffing them with his nose
95
00:10:21,520 --> 00:10:23,880
enables him to detect
something edible...
96
00:10:30,160 --> 00:10:34,680
...so he can locate possible prey
even underwater.
97
00:10:42,040 --> 00:10:44,800
Star-nosed moles
are one of the few mammals
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00:10:44,800 --> 00:10:48,640
that are just as at home in the
water as they are in soil.
99
00:10:59,720 --> 00:11:01,480
Beyond land,
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00:11:01,480 --> 00:11:04,400
the oceans that cover
two-thirds of our planet
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00:11:04,400 --> 00:11:06,720
are full of possible food.
102
00:11:08,960 --> 00:11:11,240
For most mammals, it's out of reach.
103
00:11:12,720 --> 00:11:16,400
But that doesn't stop some
from trying to get it.
104
00:11:23,800 --> 00:11:25,760
{\an8}A female coyote,
105
00:11:25,760 --> 00:11:28,520
{\an8}patrolling the Pacific coast
of Mexico.
106
00:11:32,440 --> 00:11:34,760
Living on the edge of a desert
107
00:11:34,760 --> 00:11:37,640
means often relying
on the ocean for food.
108
00:11:39,360 --> 00:11:41,480
SEA BIRDS CALL
109
00:11:44,360 --> 00:11:47,400
This female would make a meal
of a sea bird
110
00:11:47,400 --> 00:11:49,480
if only she could catch one.
111
00:12:03,880 --> 00:12:06,120
BIRDS SQUAWK
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00:12:15,960 --> 00:12:18,840
She can't afford to keep failing.
113
00:12:47,880 --> 00:12:49,960
SEA BIRDS CAW
114
00:13:03,360 --> 00:13:06,520
Driven by hunger, she moves on.
115
00:13:11,160 --> 00:13:13,560
The desert stretches 2,000 miles
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00:13:13,560 --> 00:13:16,480
along Mexico's Baja coast.
117
00:13:18,840 --> 00:13:22,160
Coyotes living here
are forced to explore
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00:13:22,160 --> 00:13:24,960
tangled mangroves and deep creeks.
119
00:13:50,160 --> 00:13:52,000
SEA BIRDS CAW
120
00:13:52,000 --> 00:13:54,600
After a long day
under the desert sun,
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00:13:54,600 --> 00:13:57,320
persistence pays off.
122
00:14:04,000 --> 00:14:07,400
A dead body cast up by the waves.
123
00:14:16,720 --> 00:14:19,320
It's the carcass of a grey whale...
124
00:14:21,640 --> 00:14:23,600
...rotting in the sun.
125
00:14:29,720 --> 00:14:32,560
Enough to feed her for months.
126
00:14:35,000 --> 00:14:37,280
PATTERING
127
00:14:37,280 --> 00:14:40,360
But other hungry beachcombers
have found it, too.
128
00:14:50,320 --> 00:14:52,640
GROWLS
129
00:14:59,440 --> 00:15:01,320
SNARLS
130
00:15:08,080 --> 00:15:10,920
They quarrel over the best bits.
131
00:15:15,680 --> 00:15:20,440
But a 40-tonne whale is more
than enough food to go round.
132
00:15:32,000 --> 00:15:35,400
The daily tides
provide so much food
133
00:15:35,400 --> 00:15:37,720
{\an8}that the Baja's Pacific coastline
134
00:15:37,720 --> 00:15:41,840
{\an8}supports up to 14 times
the number of coyotes
135
00:15:41,840 --> 00:15:43,720
{\an8}than occur inland.
136
00:15:43,720 --> 00:15:45,880
HOWLING
137
00:15:51,680 --> 00:15:54,080
But extending scavenging on shore
138
00:15:54,080 --> 00:15:56,080
to hunting in the sea
139
00:15:56,080 --> 00:15:58,200
requires very different skills.
140
00:16:01,080 --> 00:16:03,480
Nonetheless, 50 million years ago,
141
00:16:03,480 --> 00:16:06,120
the ancestors of marine mammals
142
00:16:06,120 --> 00:16:09,400
started to do exactly that.
143
00:16:14,880 --> 00:16:18,560
A bottlenose dolphin
and her two young
144
00:16:18,560 --> 00:16:21,960
cruise the shallows of Florida Bay.
145
00:16:25,160 --> 00:16:28,200
The coastal waters here
are full of fish.
146
00:16:30,040 --> 00:16:33,560
But much of the bay
is less than a metre deep.
147
00:16:35,560 --> 00:16:39,400
For a large mammal with a tail
that beats up and down,
148
00:16:39,400 --> 00:16:42,000
just moving around here
is a challenge.
149
00:16:44,520 --> 00:16:46,600
But she has a simple solution.
150
00:16:48,200 --> 00:16:50,240
She swims on her side.
151
00:16:56,600 --> 00:16:59,480
But it's still a struggle
to keep up with a fish.
152
00:17:01,560 --> 00:17:03,360
Let alone catch one.
153
00:17:13,760 --> 00:17:17,080
And a single fish won't feed
a family.
154
00:17:22,840 --> 00:17:26,160
But this intelligent mother
has another,
155
00:17:26,160 --> 00:17:28,640
even more ingenious, solution.
156
00:17:32,560 --> 00:17:33,920
Beating her tail,
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00:17:33,920 --> 00:17:35,920
she churns up the water...
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00:17:40,440 --> 00:17:42,680
...creating a muddy barrier...
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00:17:44,080 --> 00:17:46,600
...around a shoal of fish.
160
00:17:50,200 --> 00:17:51,800
In a bid to escape...
161
00:17:53,960 --> 00:17:55,640
...the fish are forced...
162
00:17:57,240 --> 00:17:59,040
...to leap.
163
00:18:11,600 --> 00:18:14,160
She's not the only one
that gets a meal.
164
00:18:17,320 --> 00:18:19,880
Her young family can also feed.
165
00:18:47,800 --> 00:18:50,440
But rings of muddy water
166
00:18:50,440 --> 00:18:54,120
aren't the only way in which
dolphins hunt in Florida.
167
00:18:59,000 --> 00:19:02,400
This family uses an S-shaped barrier
168
00:19:02,400 --> 00:19:04,360
to spook the fish.
169
00:19:24,920 --> 00:19:28,640
Why Florida's dolphins
use different shapes
170
00:19:28,640 --> 00:19:30,440
remains a mystery.
171
00:19:42,200 --> 00:19:44,400
But this ingenuity
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00:19:44,400 --> 00:19:46,880
enables marine mammals
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00:19:46,880 --> 00:19:49,720
to move far beyond the shallows.
174
00:20:00,240 --> 00:20:02,680
Californian sea lions.
175
00:20:02,680 --> 00:20:04,200
BARKING
176
00:20:04,200 --> 00:20:08,120
They may spend over 70%
of their lives out at sea.
177
00:20:11,040 --> 00:20:14,040
They know the opportunities
offered by the open ocean
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00:20:14,040 --> 00:20:15,360
are endless.
179
00:20:17,040 --> 00:20:19,960
The trick is how to make
the most of them.
180
00:20:19,960 --> 00:20:21,440
BARKING
181
00:20:25,160 --> 00:20:28,440
The sea lions have spent
a lot of energy to get here,
182
00:20:28,440 --> 00:20:32,160
and the sardines they seek are
widely dispersed beneath them.
183
00:20:37,160 --> 00:20:39,520
The hunters need to round them up.
184
00:20:42,320 --> 00:20:44,080
Striped marlin arrive.
185
00:20:46,520 --> 00:20:48,400
Up to four metres long
186
00:20:48,400 --> 00:20:51,120
and with a deadly spear
on their nose,
187
00:20:51,120 --> 00:20:53,280
they, too, are hunting.
188
00:20:56,720 --> 00:20:58,400
Watched by the sea lions...
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00:21:00,360 --> 00:21:02,320
...the marlin go to work.
190
00:21:10,600 --> 00:21:12,680
They herd the sardines
into a ball...
191
00:21:14,400 --> 00:21:17,600
...and then drive them
up towards the surface.
192
00:21:25,960 --> 00:21:29,520
This is what the sea lions
have been waiting for.
193
00:21:40,280 --> 00:21:43,040
Fast and flexible,
194
00:21:43,040 --> 00:21:46,480
the sea lions take advantage
of the marlin's efforts...
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00:21:47,800 --> 00:21:50,040
...and collect an easy meal.
196
00:22:03,360 --> 00:22:05,360
These canny sea lions
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00:22:05,360 --> 00:22:08,840
have learnt how to let marlin
do the hard work.
198
00:22:18,240 --> 00:22:22,360
But sea lions don't stay
permanently in water.
199
00:22:27,520 --> 00:22:29,280
The Galapagos Islands.
200
00:22:30,880 --> 00:22:34,600
Specks of land in the vast emptiness
of the Pacific Ocean.
201
00:22:39,880 --> 00:22:42,800
Here, pregnant Galapagos sea lions
202
00:22:42,800 --> 00:22:46,160
haul out on a beach to give birth.
203
00:22:49,520 --> 00:22:51,800
BARKING
204
00:23:02,560 --> 00:23:04,240
GRUNTS
205
00:23:14,600 --> 00:23:16,600
PUP WHINES
206
00:23:22,800 --> 00:23:25,560
{\an8}Unable to swim
when it's newly born,
207
00:23:25,560 --> 00:23:28,200
{\an8}a pup relies completely
on its mother
208
00:23:28,200 --> 00:23:31,040
{\an8}for her care and her milk.
209
00:23:31,040 --> 00:23:32,640
PUP WHINES
210
00:23:36,160 --> 00:23:39,840
Within two weeks, thanks to the
richness of this milk,
211
00:23:39,840 --> 00:23:42,840
it will be strong enough
to venture into the water.
212
00:23:45,720 --> 00:23:47,600
But a newborn pup
213
00:23:47,600 --> 00:23:50,120
is something of a shock
to its older brother.
214
00:23:53,840 --> 00:23:55,480
For the last two years,
215
00:23:55,480 --> 00:23:57,880
he's had his mother all to himself.
216
00:24:01,640 --> 00:24:03,920
The new pup is a sure sign
217
00:24:03,920 --> 00:24:06,920
that he must now find his own feet.
218
00:24:11,920 --> 00:24:13,960
BLEATS
219
00:24:19,400 --> 00:24:23,280
A sheltered inlet is a safe place
for pups and other juveniles
220
00:24:23,280 --> 00:24:25,640
to build up their confidence.
221
00:24:37,800 --> 00:24:40,880
Now, under the watchful eye
of a dominant bull...
222
00:24:42,880 --> 00:24:45,440
...the young sea lions acquire
the skills they'll need
223
00:24:45,440 --> 00:24:47,000
for a life at sea.
224
00:24:56,600 --> 00:24:58,680
BARKS
225
00:25:02,880 --> 00:25:05,240
But this is the time of year
226
00:25:05,240 --> 00:25:07,240
when sea lions also mate.
227
00:25:09,000 --> 00:25:10,920
GRUNTING
228
00:25:14,440 --> 00:25:17,200
While the bull's attention
is elsewhere...
229
00:25:21,760 --> 00:25:25,960
...the pup ventures beyond
the safety of the rock pool.
230
00:25:37,160 --> 00:25:38,640
It's a mistake.
231
00:25:41,080 --> 00:25:43,320
The waters surrounding the Galapagos
232
00:25:43,320 --> 00:25:45,480
are patrolled by sharks.
233
00:25:54,400 --> 00:25:56,600
The pup strays further
from the pool...
234
00:25:58,720 --> 00:26:00,880
...while the bull is preoccupied.
235
00:26:21,560 --> 00:26:24,280
The pup can outmanoeuvre
the shark...
236
00:26:26,240 --> 00:26:27,960
...but not for long.
237
00:26:30,560 --> 00:26:32,360
Alerted by the commotion...
238
00:26:35,000 --> 00:26:37,120
...the bull takes action.
239
00:26:43,240 --> 00:26:45,600
Weighing a quarter of a tonne,
240
00:26:45,600 --> 00:26:48,200
the bull is more than a match
for the shark.
241
00:26:50,280 --> 00:26:52,000
Biting at its tail,
242
00:26:52,000 --> 00:26:53,560
he chases it away.
243
00:26:56,040 --> 00:26:59,800
For the pup, it's an important
lesson learned.
244
00:26:59,800 --> 00:27:01,320
BLEATS
245
00:27:03,880 --> 00:27:05,080
Many others...
246
00:27:06,400 --> 00:27:07,960
...are less fortunate.
247
00:27:09,640 --> 00:27:12,400
Nearly half of these young sea lions
248
00:27:12,400 --> 00:27:15,440
will not survive beyond
their second birthday.
249
00:27:18,200 --> 00:27:21,840
This pup is safely back on land,
250
00:27:21,840 --> 00:27:25,840
and not too old
for a reassuring cuddle.
251
00:27:28,720 --> 00:27:30,520
GRUNTS SOFTLY
252
00:27:33,840 --> 00:27:36,440
One small group of mammals, however,
253
00:27:36,440 --> 00:27:39,680
have completely cut their ties
with the land.
254
00:27:56,400 --> 00:27:58,360
WHALE SONG
255
00:28:03,680 --> 00:28:07,720
Humpback whale calves can swim
from the moment they're born.
256
00:28:13,320 --> 00:28:17,000
The warm coastal shallows
off Western Australia
257
00:28:17,000 --> 00:28:19,400
provide excellent nurseries.
258
00:28:22,840 --> 00:28:24,920
In their first few days,
259
00:28:24,920 --> 00:28:28,320
mothers and babies
form a strong bond.
260
00:28:35,520 --> 00:28:38,160
Tucked gently under her fin,
261
00:28:38,160 --> 00:28:40,120
this mother gives her daughter
262
00:28:40,120 --> 00:28:43,120
an early lesson
in holding its breath.
263
00:28:48,480 --> 00:28:50,720
But they won't stay here for long.
264
00:28:52,960 --> 00:28:55,680
The reef may be an excellent
place to give birth...
265
00:28:57,440 --> 00:28:59,560
...but there's almost
nothing to eat here...
266
00:29:01,040 --> 00:29:02,680
...so mothers and young
267
00:29:02,680 --> 00:29:07,360
must now make the long journey
to richer waters around Antarctica.
268
00:29:18,120 --> 00:29:21,280
But once they've left the safety
of the shallow reef
269
00:29:21,280 --> 00:29:23,640
they are vulnerable.
270
00:29:33,560 --> 00:29:35,120
A pod of orca...
271
00:29:36,680 --> 00:29:40,160
...six strong,
patrols the migration route.
272
00:29:42,000 --> 00:29:44,040
They are a formidable force.
273
00:29:48,320 --> 00:29:51,520
But the humpback mother
puts her baby high on her back
274
00:29:51,520 --> 00:29:52,840
to protect it...
275
00:29:54,640 --> 00:29:57,640
...and then goes on
the attack herself.
276
00:30:00,600 --> 00:30:02,520
Slashing her powerful tail
277
00:30:02,520 --> 00:30:04,680
and long five-metre fins,
278
00:30:04,680 --> 00:30:06,960
she could easily kill an orca.
279
00:30:11,240 --> 00:30:13,120
But the orca have a plan.
280
00:30:18,600 --> 00:30:21,040
Some of the pod distract
the mother...
281
00:30:23,360 --> 00:30:25,680
...while others ram the calf.
282
00:30:52,960 --> 00:30:54,680
Once it's separated...
283
00:30:56,760 --> 00:30:58,440
...they drown it.
284
00:31:12,160 --> 00:31:14,200
Since 1986,
285
00:31:14,200 --> 00:31:17,560
when commercial whaling
was largely banned,
286
00:31:17,560 --> 00:31:21,840
humpback numbers have risen here
from a few hundred
287
00:31:21,840 --> 00:31:24,880
to more than 35,000.
288
00:31:27,280 --> 00:31:29,720
With so many calves on the move,
289
00:31:29,720 --> 00:31:32,920
some orca have specialised
in hunting them.
290
00:31:35,720 --> 00:31:39,080
A small pod - just three.
291
00:31:47,200 --> 00:31:49,160
The humpback calf they're pursuing
292
00:31:49,160 --> 00:31:52,360
has more than just its mother
at its side.
293
00:31:57,600 --> 00:31:59,040
It also has...
294
00:32:00,280 --> 00:32:02,400
...a 40-tonne male.
295
00:32:11,040 --> 00:32:13,480
This is a much bigger challenge.
296
00:32:25,120 --> 00:32:27,160
But rather than give up...
297
00:32:29,120 --> 00:32:31,440
...the orca bide their time.
298
00:32:55,720 --> 00:32:57,240
The male humpback,
299
00:32:57,240 --> 00:32:59,760
believing, perhaps,
that the orca have gone...
300
00:33:01,560 --> 00:33:03,320
...now dives.
301
00:33:10,240 --> 00:33:12,560
The killers seize their opportunity.
302
00:33:20,800 --> 00:33:23,040
They kidnap the calf.
303
00:33:38,800 --> 00:33:41,440
{\an8}They appear to mimic
the mother's behaviour,
304
00:33:41,440 --> 00:33:43,640
{\an8}putting the young calf
on their backs
305
00:33:43,640 --> 00:33:46,400
and carrying him along
in the slipstream.
306
00:33:52,040 --> 00:33:54,040
Young and naive,
307
00:33:54,040 --> 00:33:56,800
the calf goes willingly with them.
308
00:34:02,960 --> 00:34:05,680
Now, far from his mother...
309
00:34:08,080 --> 00:34:10,800
...the orca attack him.
310
00:34:25,320 --> 00:34:27,600
During the months of migration,
311
00:34:27,600 --> 00:34:31,160
the pod may kill as many
as five calves a day.
312
00:34:35,200 --> 00:34:37,320
They catch so many
313
00:34:37,320 --> 00:34:40,920
that sometimes they eat
no more than the tongue...
314
00:34:43,520 --> 00:34:46,760
{\an8}...and leave the rest
for the sharks.
315
00:34:53,440 --> 00:34:55,800
This is what can happen
316
00:34:55,800 --> 00:34:58,200
when prey is so abundant
317
00:34:58,200 --> 00:35:01,000
and hunters have such skill.
318
00:35:13,560 --> 00:35:17,360
False killer whales are less
than half the size of orcas...
319
00:35:19,040 --> 00:35:21,240
...but they are equally clever.
320
00:35:25,080 --> 00:35:29,360
They roam the ocean in groups
up to 50 strong.
321
00:35:33,000 --> 00:35:36,760
Right now, they're on the hunt
for other mammals.
322
00:35:36,760 --> 00:35:38,680
HIGH-PITCHED SQUEAKING
323
00:35:42,280 --> 00:35:44,840
Ocean-going bottlenose dolphins.
324
00:35:58,760 --> 00:36:01,640
But the false killers
aren't looking for prey.
325
00:36:04,000 --> 00:36:07,240
These two groups
are old acquaintances.
326
00:36:12,840 --> 00:36:15,120
In the waters around New Zealand,
327
00:36:15,120 --> 00:36:17,960
they are almost always found
together.
328
00:36:27,120 --> 00:36:30,240
{\an8}Lifelong bonds within species
are common...
329
00:36:33,200 --> 00:36:36,800
...but they are rarely seen
between different species.
330
00:36:40,160 --> 00:36:41,800
Such friendships
331
00:36:41,800 --> 00:36:44,160
between bottlenose dolphins
and false killers...
332
00:36:46,320 --> 00:36:49,280
...have been documented
going back 20 years...
333
00:36:50,960 --> 00:36:55,480
...so it's entirely possible
that individuals of both species
334
00:36:55,480 --> 00:36:57,520
recognise each other.
335
00:37:02,280 --> 00:37:05,280
They team up not only to play...
336
00:37:08,440 --> 00:37:10,160
...but in order to hunt.
337
00:37:13,520 --> 00:37:15,080
So, when one goes...
338
00:37:17,040 --> 00:37:18,680
...they all go.
339
00:37:33,480 --> 00:37:37,280
A huge school of kahawai fish.
340
00:37:49,720 --> 00:37:52,440
The false killers
swim under the shoal...
341
00:37:54,200 --> 00:37:56,200
...and drive it to the surface.
342
00:37:58,560 --> 00:38:01,480
Here, the dolphins attack.
343
00:38:12,040 --> 00:38:14,320
But despite helping,
344
00:38:14,320 --> 00:38:17,320
the whales don't appear to feed.
345
00:38:19,280 --> 00:38:22,560
For them,
the kahawai are just the bait.
346
00:38:26,880 --> 00:38:30,600
The false killers know the commotion
will attract bigger fish.
347
00:38:34,360 --> 00:38:35,920
Kingfish arrive.
348
00:38:37,480 --> 00:38:41,000
They're up to ten times heavier
than the kahawai,
349
00:38:41,000 --> 00:38:42,920
and one metre long.
350
00:38:47,480 --> 00:38:49,200
Too big for the dolphins.
351
00:38:51,280 --> 00:38:55,280
So, now it's the turn of the false
killer whales to feed.
352
00:39:07,360 --> 00:39:09,440
They form small groups
353
00:39:09,440 --> 00:39:11,040
and break up the school...
354
00:39:16,520 --> 00:39:20,160
...and then go after the fish
that get separated.
355
00:39:39,680 --> 00:39:42,200
Not all the whales make a catch.
356
00:39:44,400 --> 00:39:46,680
But they won't go hungry.
357
00:39:51,520 --> 00:39:56,120
Extraordinarily, the successful
hunters share their food.
358
00:40:19,040 --> 00:40:20,680
By helping one another...
359
00:40:21,800 --> 00:40:25,040
...they ensure that no-one
goes without.
360
00:40:43,360 --> 00:40:46,480
Teamwork, intelligence
and cooperation
361
00:40:46,480 --> 00:40:50,280
has enabled marine mammals
to flourish in the high seas.
362
00:40:52,920 --> 00:40:56,880
But one part of the ocean is still
beyond the reach of most.
363
00:40:59,480 --> 00:41:00,960
The deep.
364
00:41:02,760 --> 00:41:06,840
Only a very few are capable
of venturing here.
365
00:41:15,720 --> 00:41:18,760
A pod of sperm whales resting
near the surface.
366
00:41:27,680 --> 00:41:31,840
They spend just 7%
of their lives asleep,
367
00:41:31,840 --> 00:41:34,400
less than almost any other mammal.
368
00:41:36,160 --> 00:41:38,840
But they're also waiting here
369
00:41:38,840 --> 00:41:41,280
for another very special reason.
370
00:42:02,280 --> 00:42:05,200
The birth of a baby.
371
00:42:25,960 --> 00:42:27,840
CLICKING
372
00:42:27,840 --> 00:42:31,160
Helped into the world
by supportive relatives,
373
00:42:31,160 --> 00:42:35,040
the newborn is already
more than three metres long.
374
00:42:44,200 --> 00:42:49,000
It will grow up surrounded
and protected by close family.
375
00:43:22,080 --> 00:43:25,520
It thirsts for its mother's milk,
376
00:43:25,520 --> 00:43:29,040
but the food the mother needs
in order to produce it
377
00:43:29,040 --> 00:43:31,360
is 1,000 metres below,
378
00:43:31,360 --> 00:43:34,880
far beyond the reach
of a young calf.
379
00:43:38,120 --> 00:43:40,800
So, whilst the family
looks after the newborn...
380
00:43:43,360 --> 00:43:46,560
...the mother sets off
in search of a meal.
381
00:43:52,640 --> 00:43:55,440
Adult sperm whales may remain below,
382
00:43:55,440 --> 00:43:57,720
holding their breath, for an hour.
383
00:44:03,000 --> 00:44:07,040
As they descend, their bodies
change in an astonishing way.
384
00:44:16,720 --> 00:44:20,080
The increasing pressure
squeezes their lungs
385
00:44:20,080 --> 00:44:22,520
until they collapse completely.
386
00:44:29,760 --> 00:44:31,440
To save oxygen,
387
00:44:31,440 --> 00:44:34,200
their digestion,
kidney and liver shut down.
388
00:44:38,120 --> 00:44:41,880
{\an8}A special camera records
a rare and privileged view
389
00:44:41,880 --> 00:44:45,040
{\an8}of a hunting sperm whale,
390
00:44:45,040 --> 00:44:47,120
{\an8}sending out a stream of clicks
391
00:44:47,120 --> 00:44:50,640
{\an8}to detect prey
in the pitch blackness.
392
00:44:50,640 --> 00:44:53,240
CLICKING
393
00:44:53,240 --> 00:44:56,960
{\an8}At this depth, they start
to hunt for giant squid.
394
00:45:01,160 --> 00:45:02,680
{\an8}As the whale closes in,
395
00:45:02,680 --> 00:45:04,720
{\an8}their clicks speed up.
396
00:45:04,720 --> 00:45:06,840
RAPID CLICKING
397
00:45:09,360 --> 00:45:13,560
{\an8}A puff of ink is released
by the fleeing squid,
398
00:45:13,560 --> 00:45:16,600
{\an8}but the sperm whale isn't fooled...
399
00:45:18,280 --> 00:45:21,520
{\an8}...and the squid is eaten
in a last cloud of ink.
400
00:45:35,640 --> 00:45:37,720
As this mother returns,
401
00:45:37,720 --> 00:45:40,360
her calf, like all mammal babies,
402
00:45:40,360 --> 00:45:43,320
has only one thing on its mind.
403
00:45:45,840 --> 00:45:47,640
Milk.
404
00:46:02,560 --> 00:46:04,680
It's growing faster now
405
00:46:04,680 --> 00:46:07,480
than during its 16 months
in the womb.
406
00:46:10,080 --> 00:46:13,080
And it will consume
up to 100 litres,
407
00:46:13,080 --> 00:46:15,640
300,000 calories,
408
00:46:15,640 --> 00:46:18,640
every day for the next two years.
409
00:46:21,960 --> 00:46:23,960
To meet this demand,
410
00:46:23,960 --> 00:46:27,720
its mother will have to dive
up to 15 times every day.
411
00:46:32,320 --> 00:46:35,480
It is her ability to reach
such extreme depths
412
00:46:35,480 --> 00:46:38,960
and turn what she eats
into rich milk
413
00:46:38,960 --> 00:46:42,160
that will be the key
to her baby's success.
414
00:46:51,760 --> 00:46:53,400
Today,
415
00:46:53,400 --> 00:46:55,800
protected almost worldwide,
416
00:46:55,800 --> 00:46:58,880
the outlook for this mother
and baby,
417
00:46:58,880 --> 00:47:01,160
and all sperm whales,
418
00:47:01,160 --> 00:47:02,640
is bright.
419
00:47:11,560 --> 00:47:15,960
Even so, sperm whales
still face many threats.
420
00:47:19,400 --> 00:47:23,320
Every year, enough fishing line
is lost in our oceans
421
00:47:23,320 --> 00:47:25,560
to stretch to the moon and back...
422
00:47:27,800 --> 00:47:30,400
...together with 20 million traps,
423
00:47:30,400 --> 00:47:33,600
and carrying 14 billion hooks.
424
00:47:37,680 --> 00:47:42,000
The whales become entangled
in these so-called "ghost nets".
425
00:47:48,520 --> 00:47:51,520
The lines cut into their bodies...
426
00:47:55,120 --> 00:47:58,440
...and the floats can prevent them
from diving.
427
00:48:04,200 --> 00:48:08,240
Theirs is a slow
and agonising death.
428
00:48:15,480 --> 00:48:18,600
We are now aware
of the threats we create.
429
00:48:20,880 --> 00:48:25,800
Surely, we should now do everything
we can to prevent them.
430
00:48:40,520 --> 00:48:43,120
The greatest challenge
for the Mammals team
431
00:48:43,120 --> 00:48:46,480
was not only filming false
killer whales in New Zealand,
432
00:48:46,480 --> 00:48:48,640
but trying for the first time
433
00:48:48,640 --> 00:48:51,560
to place a data-recording
camera onto one.
434
00:48:52,840 --> 00:48:58,200
With only 150 individuals somewhere
within 4,500 square miles,
435
00:48:58,200 --> 00:49:01,000
just finding them
will be hard enough.
436
00:49:01,000 --> 00:49:04,960
Luckily, they have the help
of Jochen Zaeschmar,
437
00:49:04,960 --> 00:49:07,080
who has been studying
this group of whales
438
00:49:07,080 --> 00:49:08,800
for the last 20 years.
439
00:49:10,600 --> 00:49:13,200
He has a directional hydrophone,
440
00:49:13,200 --> 00:49:16,400
with which he can hear the false
killer whales' whistles...
441
00:49:18,280 --> 00:49:21,520
...but only from less
than ten miles away.
442
00:49:23,360 --> 00:49:24,600
Nothing.
443
00:49:24,600 --> 00:49:27,720
I was kind of hoping...
kind of hoping to hear something.
444
00:49:27,720 --> 00:49:31,680
Cameraman Andre Rerekura
scans the horizon,
445
00:49:31,680 --> 00:49:35,840
but picking out a fin in the open
ocean is no small feat.
446
00:49:37,680 --> 00:49:39,520
The scale of the task ahead
447
00:49:39,520 --> 00:49:42,760
is dawning on assistant producer
Kyle Swann.
448
00:49:42,760 --> 00:49:44,760
Searching.
Searching, searching.
449
00:49:44,760 --> 00:49:47,360
That's kind of the strategy,
450
00:49:47,360 --> 00:49:49,520
but so far, no luck.
451
00:49:49,520 --> 00:49:51,640
With only a brief few weeks
452
00:49:51,640 --> 00:49:54,120
during which it's possible
to film them,
453
00:49:54,120 --> 00:49:56,200
it's a disappointing start.
454
00:50:02,520 --> 00:50:03,960
There's absolutely nothing.
455
00:50:05,360 --> 00:50:09,600
Over the coming days,
the team search without pause.
456
00:50:15,840 --> 00:50:17,720
Nothing.
457
00:50:17,720 --> 00:50:19,240
Absolutely nothing.
458
00:50:19,240 --> 00:50:20,520
Nothing again.
459
00:50:21,680 --> 00:50:24,080
Still, keep trying.
460
00:50:25,960 --> 00:50:29,000
They have spent 20 days
with no whales...
461
00:50:30,440 --> 00:50:33,640
...but Andre spots something
promising in the distance.
462
00:50:33,640 --> 00:50:37,600
There's a few birds,
but nothing crazy.
463
00:50:37,600 --> 00:50:40,360
Yeah, well, that's where I heard
some faint whistles there.
464
00:50:43,440 --> 00:50:45,600
Worth a look while we're here.
465
00:50:50,840 --> 00:50:52,480
Ah, I've got something!
466
00:50:52,480 --> 00:50:55,120
Whoa! We have a haul.
Oh, my God, yeah.
467
00:50:55,120 --> 00:50:56,720
It's promising.
It looks...
468
00:50:56,720 --> 00:50:59,280
I've seen a stumpy nose!
469
00:50:59,280 --> 00:51:01,560
I think we've got falsies!
470
00:51:01,560 --> 00:51:03,600
Whoa!
Falsies!
471
00:51:03,600 --> 00:51:05,800
No way! Woohoo!
472
00:51:05,800 --> 00:51:06,960
We have 'em!
473
00:51:06,960 --> 00:51:08,760
HE LAUGHS
474
00:51:14,160 --> 00:51:15,760
But with the sun setting
475
00:51:15,760 --> 00:51:19,000
and the whales capable
of covering 100 miles a day,
476
00:51:19,000 --> 00:51:21,720
the team hop on their liveaboard
477
00:51:21,720 --> 00:51:24,000
to follow the whales overnight.
478
00:51:27,240 --> 00:51:30,680
The crew takes turns on watch,
479
00:51:30,680 --> 00:51:33,040
using their eyes and ears.
480
00:51:36,880 --> 00:51:39,040
ANDRE: Yeah, we've pretty much
done circles all night.
481
00:51:39,040 --> 00:51:41,280
We're in the same spot we found
them yesterday afternoon,
482
00:51:41,280 --> 00:51:42,920
so they don't go far.
483
00:51:42,920 --> 00:51:44,880
Like Jochen says, they just sleep.
484
00:51:44,880 --> 00:51:48,480
So they've probably had
more sleep than us!
485
00:51:48,480 --> 00:51:50,960
Falsies off the bow!
Big old falsies off the bow.
486
00:51:52,600 --> 00:51:55,760
Woohoo-hoo!
There's one just here.
487
00:51:55,760 --> 00:51:58,240
Oh, my God,
this is just amazing.
488
00:52:00,280 --> 00:52:02,160
They're in a good mood.
489
00:52:02,160 --> 00:52:05,080
A new dawn presents a new challenge.
490
00:52:06,960 --> 00:52:08,840
Back on the filming boat,
491
00:52:08,840 --> 00:52:12,280
the team follow the false killers
as they hunt.
492
00:52:13,760 --> 00:52:17,400
No-one has ever recorded them
creating a bait ball before.
493
00:52:19,200 --> 00:52:22,440
But the whales can swim at 20mph,
494
00:52:22,440 --> 00:52:26,280
so Andre has brought
a little extra propulsion.
495
00:52:30,680 --> 00:52:32,600
ANDRE: The scooter's a game-changer.
496
00:52:34,360 --> 00:52:37,880
You can free-dive down with,
you know, a full lung of air,
497
00:52:37,880 --> 00:52:39,280
all your energy,
498
00:52:39,280 --> 00:52:43,560
and hold your breath for a minute
and a half to two minutes with ease.
499
00:52:43,560 --> 00:52:46,800
The scooter lets him
keep up with false killers
500
00:52:46,800 --> 00:52:50,640
and helps propel him swiftly
into the heart of the action.
501
00:53:01,840 --> 00:53:03,840
Once the feeding frenzy is over,
502
00:53:03,840 --> 00:53:06,640
the whales turn their attention
to Andre.
503
00:53:10,360 --> 00:53:12,800
ANDRE: This incredible interaction.
504
00:53:12,800 --> 00:53:15,800
It just... just made me
realise how amazing
505
00:53:15,800 --> 00:53:17,760
and intelligent these animals are.
506
00:53:17,760 --> 00:53:20,000
CLICKING
507
00:53:20,000 --> 00:53:22,160
It was really unique
and really special.
508
00:53:25,760 --> 00:53:28,560
That was... Woo!
509
00:53:28,560 --> 00:53:30,400
I can't even explain that!
510
00:53:34,120 --> 00:53:37,000
Having captured
this extraordinary behaviour,
511
00:53:37,000 --> 00:53:40,400
the team switch to the most
difficult goal of the trip...
512
00:53:42,640 --> 00:53:45,680
...to place a suction tag on a whale.
513
00:53:48,240 --> 00:53:50,800
For 20 years,
Jochen has studied this group
514
00:53:50,800 --> 00:53:52,680
of false killer whales,
515
00:53:52,680 --> 00:53:54,560
but this would be a first.
516
00:53:57,640 --> 00:54:01,480
The tag contains a camera
and a data collector.
517
00:54:01,480 --> 00:54:04,800
Combined, they will give Jochen
new insights
518
00:54:04,800 --> 00:54:07,360
into how these animals
spend their time underwater.
519
00:54:09,560 --> 00:54:12,200
Getting close enough to attach a tag
520
00:54:12,200 --> 00:54:15,960
will take every ounce of Jochen's
expertise and understanding.
521
00:54:18,160 --> 00:54:19,760
Here they are.
522
00:54:19,760 --> 00:54:22,240
While they're just chilled,
I'll just go in there real slow.
523
00:54:23,560 --> 00:54:25,600
Hope to... Hope to get lucky.
524
00:54:27,920 --> 00:54:29,720
OK, OK, OK, OK.
525
00:54:31,600 --> 00:54:33,840
Beautiful, beautiful,
beautiful, beautiful.
526
00:54:33,840 --> 00:54:36,240
OK.
No, no, no.
527
00:54:37,320 --> 00:54:39,760
No. No, no, on the next one,
on the next one.
528
00:54:39,760 --> 00:54:42,840
They're going down a bit.
We'll get them, we'll get them.
529
00:54:44,000 --> 00:54:46,160
Trying to find
that perfect moment!
530
00:54:46,160 --> 00:54:48,160
Heart's going through the roof!
531
00:54:53,120 --> 00:54:55,200
JOCHEN: This is a bunch
of different males.
532
00:54:55,200 --> 00:54:57,080
Let's see, though,
see how they like us.
533
00:54:58,400 --> 00:55:00,560
They're all coming together now.
534
00:55:09,520 --> 00:55:12,240
There's just so, so many factors.
535
00:55:12,240 --> 00:55:14,160
The way the angle of the camera is,
536
00:55:14,160 --> 00:55:16,200
where it comes up next to you.
537
00:55:16,200 --> 00:55:18,320
I'm hopeful. It's hard work.
538
00:55:18,320 --> 00:55:20,120
They're not making it easy.
539
00:55:20,120 --> 00:55:21,800
As the wind drops,
540
00:55:21,800 --> 00:55:24,600
the team have a brief
but perfect opportunity.
541
00:55:28,000 --> 00:55:29,400
JOCHEN: So I'm just going to...
542
00:55:30,720 --> 00:55:33,120
...ease my way over towards them.
543
00:55:33,120 --> 00:55:34,360
Wait.
544
00:55:39,600 --> 00:55:40,840
OK, this is it.
545
00:55:45,720 --> 00:55:47,920
Yeah!
We did it! We did it!
546
00:55:47,920 --> 00:55:49,400
We did it!
547
00:55:49,400 --> 00:55:51,320
THEY LAUGH
548
00:55:51,320 --> 00:55:52,560
Well done!
549
00:55:57,560 --> 00:55:59,600
Woooo!
550
00:56:00,960 --> 00:56:03,560
We did it. We did it!
I'm so happy!
551
00:56:06,120 --> 00:56:08,200
THEY CHEER
552
00:56:08,200 --> 00:56:11,080
It's not just the achievement
of getting the tag on,
553
00:56:11,080 --> 00:56:13,960
it's the promise
of what it will reveal.
554
00:56:17,200 --> 00:56:20,840
{\an8}And that turns out
to be astounding.
555
00:56:20,840 --> 00:56:22,920
Intimate food sharing
556
00:56:22,920 --> 00:56:24,760
and new hunting strategies
557
00:56:24,760 --> 00:56:28,000
have been recorded
for the very first time,
558
00:56:28,000 --> 00:56:32,440
giving us a new perspective
on mammals' lives underwater.
559
00:56:35,360 --> 00:56:38,600
Next time -
we venture into the cold.
560
00:56:38,600 --> 00:56:41,480
A vast and unforgiving world...
561
00:56:41,480 --> 00:56:44,280
BARKING AND GROWLING
562
00:56:44,280 --> 00:56:48,160
...where mammals,
through sheer tenacity
563
00:56:48,160 --> 00:56:50,160
and adapation...
564
00:56:52,160 --> 00:56:55,680
...have found a way to make it home.41379
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