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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:34,280 --> 00:00:36,640 The deep ocean. 2 00:00:40,120 --> 00:00:41,680 For mammals, 3 00:00:41,680 --> 00:00:44,680 it's one of the most inhospitable places on Earth. 4 00:00:44,680 --> 00:00:46,480 BEEPING 5 00:00:46,480 --> 00:00:50,280 MAN OVER RADIO: Can we move another camera to channel three? OK. 6 00:00:50,280 --> 00:00:51,960 Anything we've got. Yeah. 7 00:00:51,960 --> 00:00:54,000 BEEPING 8 00:00:54,000 --> 00:00:56,120 Survival in this alien world... 9 00:00:57,800 --> 00:01:00,840 ...requires extreme adaptations. 10 00:01:07,640 --> 00:01:11,600 We have only recently begun to explore these depths. 11 00:01:13,680 --> 00:01:14,840 BEEPING 12 00:01:14,840 --> 00:01:19,040 So if you're watching on channel one, the Supersampler is... Yeah. 13 00:01:19,040 --> 00:01:20,760 The heck is that?! 14 00:01:22,760 --> 00:01:25,840 Oh, my gosh! Oh, my goodness, what is that? 15 00:01:25,840 --> 00:01:29,120 Yet, some mammals have been coming here 16 00:01:29,120 --> 00:01:31,240 for millions of years. 17 00:01:34,360 --> 00:01:35,680 It's a sperm whale. 18 00:01:37,040 --> 00:01:39,880 {\an8}Oh, my goodness. Look at that shape. 19 00:01:39,880 --> 00:01:41,160 {\an8}WOMAN: Holy cow! 20 00:01:41,160 --> 00:01:43,480 {\an8}Wow! Unbelievable. 21 00:01:43,480 --> 00:01:45,040 BEEPING 22 00:01:47,360 --> 00:01:51,000 Like all mammals, sperm whales breathe air. 23 00:01:53,160 --> 00:01:55,840 Yet, almost a mile underwater, 24 00:01:55,840 --> 00:01:58,080 in the freezing darkness, 25 00:01:58,080 --> 00:02:00,600 they seem completely at home. 26 00:02:05,480 --> 00:02:07,480 They, like many mammals, 27 00:02:07,480 --> 00:02:10,760 have overcome the challenges of living in water 28 00:02:10,760 --> 00:02:13,520 in the most remarkable ways. 29 00:02:31,120 --> 00:02:33,760 Many mammals, encountering water, 30 00:02:33,760 --> 00:02:37,840 prefer to do no more than dip their toes into it. 31 00:02:43,160 --> 00:02:46,800 {\an8}Northern Sri Lanka, late in the dry season. 32 00:02:49,680 --> 00:02:51,240 A troop of macaques 33 00:02:51,240 --> 00:02:54,560 are looking for what little fruit is left in the forest. 34 00:03:02,600 --> 00:03:05,840 Their search has brought them to a jungle pool. 35 00:03:15,360 --> 00:03:17,560 But there's more for them here 36 00:03:17,560 --> 00:03:19,560 than just a refreshing drink. 37 00:03:25,240 --> 00:03:27,320 Water lilies. 38 00:03:34,040 --> 00:03:37,920 Enough to fill the empty stomachs of the entire troop. 39 00:03:46,040 --> 00:03:49,400 But the flowers are just out of reach. 40 00:04:21,480 --> 00:04:22,680 Got it! 41 00:04:24,600 --> 00:04:28,640 But a single flower merely whets the appetite. 42 00:04:32,960 --> 00:04:34,360 For the real prize... 43 00:04:36,040 --> 00:04:38,280 ...they must take the plunge. 44 00:04:47,080 --> 00:04:51,360 For an animal that spends nearly all of its time on land, 45 00:04:51,360 --> 00:04:55,440 macaques are surprisingly competent in water. 46 00:05:05,360 --> 00:05:08,880 They're looking for the lilies' juicy seed pods... 47 00:05:12,360 --> 00:05:14,960 ...which are packed full of nutrients. 48 00:05:18,320 --> 00:05:23,160 An excellent solution to the macaques' seasonal food crisis. 49 00:05:28,520 --> 00:05:30,200 LOUD SPLASH 50 00:05:37,040 --> 00:05:38,880 Thanks to their natural curiosity... 51 00:05:40,640 --> 00:05:43,120 ...and willingness to explore new opportunities... 52 00:05:44,640 --> 00:05:49,520 ...these macaques have discovered that it can pay to jump into water. 53 00:05:58,640 --> 00:06:03,120 Freshwater ponds in a jungle may be few and far between. 54 00:06:07,560 --> 00:06:09,840 In Central Canada, however, 55 00:06:09,840 --> 00:06:12,160 water is everywhere. 56 00:06:18,360 --> 00:06:21,160 Moist soil is easy to dig... 57 00:06:22,520 --> 00:06:24,120 ...and just underground 58 00:06:24,120 --> 00:06:26,720 there is a network of tunnels. 59 00:06:29,080 --> 00:06:32,640 The work of a particularly industrious little mammal. 60 00:06:34,600 --> 00:06:36,280 SNIFFING 61 00:06:43,720 --> 00:06:46,280 A star-nosed mole. 62 00:06:56,800 --> 00:06:58,480 Virtually blind, 63 00:06:58,480 --> 00:07:02,280 he relies on his super-sensitive nose. 64 00:07:10,880 --> 00:07:13,240 It's not just for smelling. 65 00:07:16,360 --> 00:07:17,640 It's also... 66 00:07:18,960 --> 00:07:20,360 ...for feeling. 67 00:07:21,840 --> 00:07:25,000 And it is 100 times more sensitive 68 00:07:25,000 --> 00:07:27,200 than our own fingertips. 69 00:07:35,200 --> 00:07:37,720 To fuel his active lifestyle, 70 00:07:37,720 --> 00:07:41,280 he must eat up to twice his body weight every day. 71 00:07:46,440 --> 00:07:48,280 And worms, as they burrow, 72 00:07:48,280 --> 00:07:52,160 simply drop into his tunnels of their own accord. 73 00:07:55,200 --> 00:07:58,680 Life underground can be pretty good. 74 00:08:00,120 --> 00:08:02,000 THUNDER RUMBLES 75 00:08:04,240 --> 00:08:06,120 HEAVY RAINFALL 76 00:08:08,960 --> 00:08:11,160 But every spring, 77 00:08:11,160 --> 00:08:14,240 torrential rain saturates the soil. 78 00:08:28,320 --> 00:08:31,960 Before long, the mole's tunnels are flooded. 79 00:08:41,760 --> 00:08:45,000 He can hold his breath for little more than 30 seconds. 80 00:08:46,840 --> 00:08:49,600 He must get out or he'll drown. 81 00:09:14,200 --> 00:09:15,640 Made it! 82 00:09:17,440 --> 00:09:18,920 But having taken a breath... 83 00:09:20,280 --> 00:09:21,840 ...he dives straight back in. 84 00:09:26,560 --> 00:09:29,000 Large feet, excellent for digging, 85 00:09:29,000 --> 00:09:31,600 also make very effective paddles. 86 00:09:34,160 --> 00:09:35,920 And his water-resistant coat 87 00:09:35,920 --> 00:09:37,400 keeps him warm... 88 00:09:38,960 --> 00:09:41,280 ...so he's well equipped for swimming. 89 00:09:47,840 --> 00:09:50,960 But, nonetheless, there's a problem. 90 00:09:53,120 --> 00:09:56,360 How do you sniff out prey underwater? 91 00:10:02,480 --> 00:10:04,240 AIR BLOWS 92 00:10:08,360 --> 00:10:12,000 First, he blows bubbles into the submerged leaves. 93 00:10:14,360 --> 00:10:15,840 Smells pass into them. 94 00:10:18,920 --> 00:10:21,520 And sniffing them with his nose 95 00:10:21,520 --> 00:10:23,880 enables him to detect something edible... 96 00:10:30,160 --> 00:10:34,680 ...so he can locate possible prey even underwater. 97 00:10:42,040 --> 00:10:44,800 Star-nosed moles are one of the few mammals 98 00:10:44,800 --> 00:10:48,640 that are just as at home in the water as they are in soil. 99 00:10:59,720 --> 00:11:01,480 Beyond land, 100 00:11:01,480 --> 00:11:04,400 the oceans that cover two-thirds of our planet 101 00:11:04,400 --> 00:11:06,720 are full of possible food. 102 00:11:08,960 --> 00:11:11,240 For most mammals, it's out of reach. 103 00:11:12,720 --> 00:11:16,400 But that doesn't stop some from trying to get it. 104 00:11:23,800 --> 00:11:25,760 {\an8}A female coyote, 105 00:11:25,760 --> 00:11:28,520 {\an8}patrolling the Pacific coast of Mexico. 106 00:11:32,440 --> 00:11:34,760 Living on the edge of a desert 107 00:11:34,760 --> 00:11:37,640 means often relying on the ocean for food. 108 00:11:39,360 --> 00:11:41,480 SEA BIRDS CALL 109 00:11:44,360 --> 00:11:47,400 This female would make a meal of a sea bird 110 00:11:47,400 --> 00:11:49,480 if only she could catch one. 111 00:12:03,880 --> 00:12:06,120 BIRDS SQUAWK 112 00:12:15,960 --> 00:12:18,840 She can't afford to keep failing. 113 00:12:47,880 --> 00:12:49,960 SEA BIRDS CAW 114 00:13:03,360 --> 00:13:06,520 Driven by hunger, she moves on. 115 00:13:11,160 --> 00:13:13,560 The desert stretches 2,000 miles 116 00:13:13,560 --> 00:13:16,480 along Mexico's Baja coast. 117 00:13:18,840 --> 00:13:22,160 Coyotes living here are forced to explore 118 00:13:22,160 --> 00:13:24,960 tangled mangroves and deep creeks. 119 00:13:50,160 --> 00:13:52,000 SEA BIRDS CAW 120 00:13:52,000 --> 00:13:54,600 After a long day under the desert sun, 121 00:13:54,600 --> 00:13:57,320 persistence pays off. 122 00:14:04,000 --> 00:14:07,400 A dead body cast up by the waves. 123 00:14:16,720 --> 00:14:19,320 It's the carcass of a grey whale... 124 00:14:21,640 --> 00:14:23,600 ...rotting in the sun. 125 00:14:29,720 --> 00:14:32,560 Enough to feed her for months. 126 00:14:35,000 --> 00:14:37,280 PATTERING 127 00:14:37,280 --> 00:14:40,360 But other hungry beachcombers have found it, too. 128 00:14:50,320 --> 00:14:52,640 GROWLS 129 00:14:59,440 --> 00:15:01,320 SNARLS 130 00:15:08,080 --> 00:15:10,920 They quarrel over the best bits. 131 00:15:15,680 --> 00:15:20,440 But a 40-tonne whale is more than enough food to go round. 132 00:15:32,000 --> 00:15:35,400 The daily tides provide so much food 133 00:15:35,400 --> 00:15:37,720 {\an8}that the Baja's Pacific coastline 134 00:15:37,720 --> 00:15:41,840 {\an8}supports up to 14 times the number of coyotes 135 00:15:41,840 --> 00:15:43,720 {\an8}than occur inland. 136 00:15:43,720 --> 00:15:45,880 HOWLING 137 00:15:51,680 --> 00:15:54,080 But extending scavenging on shore 138 00:15:54,080 --> 00:15:56,080 to hunting in the sea 139 00:15:56,080 --> 00:15:58,200 requires very different skills. 140 00:16:01,080 --> 00:16:03,480 Nonetheless, 50 million years ago, 141 00:16:03,480 --> 00:16:06,120 the ancestors of marine mammals 142 00:16:06,120 --> 00:16:09,400 started to do exactly that. 143 00:16:14,880 --> 00:16:18,560 A bottlenose dolphin and her two young 144 00:16:18,560 --> 00:16:21,960 cruise the shallows of Florida Bay. 145 00:16:25,160 --> 00:16:28,200 The coastal waters here are full of fish. 146 00:16:30,040 --> 00:16:33,560 But much of the bay is less than a metre deep. 147 00:16:35,560 --> 00:16:39,400 For a large mammal with a tail that beats up and down, 148 00:16:39,400 --> 00:16:42,000 just moving around here is a challenge. 149 00:16:44,520 --> 00:16:46,600 But she has a simple solution. 150 00:16:48,200 --> 00:16:50,240 She swims on her side. 151 00:16:56,600 --> 00:16:59,480 But it's still a struggle to keep up with a fish. 152 00:17:01,560 --> 00:17:03,360 Let alone catch one. 153 00:17:13,760 --> 00:17:17,080 And a single fish won't feed a family. 154 00:17:22,840 --> 00:17:26,160 But this intelligent mother has another, 155 00:17:26,160 --> 00:17:28,640 even more ingenious, solution. 156 00:17:32,560 --> 00:17:33,920 Beating her tail, 157 00:17:33,920 --> 00:17:35,920 she churns up the water... 158 00:17:40,440 --> 00:17:42,680 ...creating a muddy barrier... 159 00:17:44,080 --> 00:17:46,600 ...around a shoal of fish. 160 00:17:50,200 --> 00:17:51,800 In a bid to escape... 161 00:17:53,960 --> 00:17:55,640 ...the fish are forced... 162 00:17:57,240 --> 00:17:59,040 ...to leap. 163 00:18:11,600 --> 00:18:14,160 She's not the only one that gets a meal. 164 00:18:17,320 --> 00:18:19,880 Her young family can also feed. 165 00:18:47,800 --> 00:18:50,440 But rings of muddy water 166 00:18:50,440 --> 00:18:54,120 aren't the only way in which dolphins hunt in Florida. 167 00:18:59,000 --> 00:19:02,400 This family uses an S-shaped barrier 168 00:19:02,400 --> 00:19:04,360 to spook the fish. 169 00:19:24,920 --> 00:19:28,640 Why Florida's dolphins use different shapes 170 00:19:28,640 --> 00:19:30,440 remains a mystery. 171 00:19:42,200 --> 00:19:44,400 But this ingenuity 172 00:19:44,400 --> 00:19:46,880 enables marine mammals 173 00:19:46,880 --> 00:19:49,720 to move far beyond the shallows. 174 00:20:00,240 --> 00:20:02,680 Californian sea lions. 175 00:20:02,680 --> 00:20:04,200 BARKING 176 00:20:04,200 --> 00:20:08,120 They may spend over 70% of their lives out at sea. 177 00:20:11,040 --> 00:20:14,040 They know the opportunities offered by the open ocean 178 00:20:14,040 --> 00:20:15,360 are endless. 179 00:20:17,040 --> 00:20:19,960 The trick is how to make the most of them. 180 00:20:19,960 --> 00:20:21,440 BARKING 181 00:20:25,160 --> 00:20:28,440 The sea lions have spent a lot of energy to get here, 182 00:20:28,440 --> 00:20:32,160 and the sardines they seek are widely dispersed beneath them. 183 00:20:37,160 --> 00:20:39,520 The hunters need to round them up. 184 00:20:42,320 --> 00:20:44,080 Striped marlin arrive. 185 00:20:46,520 --> 00:20:48,400 Up to four metres long 186 00:20:48,400 --> 00:20:51,120 and with a deadly spear on their nose, 187 00:20:51,120 --> 00:20:53,280 they, too, are hunting. 188 00:20:56,720 --> 00:20:58,400 Watched by the sea lions... 189 00:21:00,360 --> 00:21:02,320 ...the marlin go to work. 190 00:21:10,600 --> 00:21:12,680 They herd the sardines into a ball... 191 00:21:14,400 --> 00:21:17,600 ...and then drive them up towards the surface. 192 00:21:25,960 --> 00:21:29,520 This is what the sea lions have been waiting for. 193 00:21:40,280 --> 00:21:43,040 Fast and flexible, 194 00:21:43,040 --> 00:21:46,480 the sea lions take advantage of the marlin's efforts... 195 00:21:47,800 --> 00:21:50,040 ...and collect an easy meal. 196 00:22:03,360 --> 00:22:05,360 These canny sea lions 197 00:22:05,360 --> 00:22:08,840 have learnt how to let marlin do the hard work. 198 00:22:18,240 --> 00:22:22,360 But sea lions don't stay permanently in water. 199 00:22:27,520 --> 00:22:29,280 The Galapagos Islands. 200 00:22:30,880 --> 00:22:34,600 Specks of land in the vast emptiness of the Pacific Ocean. 201 00:22:39,880 --> 00:22:42,800 Here, pregnant Galapagos sea lions 202 00:22:42,800 --> 00:22:46,160 haul out on a beach to give birth. 203 00:22:49,520 --> 00:22:51,800 BARKING 204 00:23:02,560 --> 00:23:04,240 GRUNTS 205 00:23:14,600 --> 00:23:16,600 PUP WHINES 206 00:23:22,800 --> 00:23:25,560 {\an8}Unable to swim when it's newly born, 207 00:23:25,560 --> 00:23:28,200 {\an8}a pup relies completely on its mother 208 00:23:28,200 --> 00:23:31,040 {\an8}for her care and her milk. 209 00:23:31,040 --> 00:23:32,640 PUP WHINES 210 00:23:36,160 --> 00:23:39,840 Within two weeks, thanks to the richness of this milk, 211 00:23:39,840 --> 00:23:42,840 it will be strong enough to venture into the water. 212 00:23:45,720 --> 00:23:47,600 But a newborn pup 213 00:23:47,600 --> 00:23:50,120 is something of a shock to its older brother. 214 00:23:53,840 --> 00:23:55,480 For the last two years, 215 00:23:55,480 --> 00:23:57,880 he's had his mother all to himself. 216 00:24:01,640 --> 00:24:03,920 The new pup is a sure sign 217 00:24:03,920 --> 00:24:06,920 that he must now find his own feet. 218 00:24:11,920 --> 00:24:13,960 BLEATS 219 00:24:19,400 --> 00:24:23,280 A sheltered inlet is a safe place for pups and other juveniles 220 00:24:23,280 --> 00:24:25,640 to build up their confidence. 221 00:24:37,800 --> 00:24:40,880 Now, under the watchful eye of a dominant bull... 222 00:24:42,880 --> 00:24:45,440 ...the young sea lions acquire the skills they'll need 223 00:24:45,440 --> 00:24:47,000 for a life at sea. 224 00:24:56,600 --> 00:24:58,680 BARKS 225 00:25:02,880 --> 00:25:05,240 But this is the time of year 226 00:25:05,240 --> 00:25:07,240 when sea lions also mate. 227 00:25:09,000 --> 00:25:10,920 GRUNTING 228 00:25:14,440 --> 00:25:17,200 While the bull's attention is elsewhere... 229 00:25:21,760 --> 00:25:25,960 ...the pup ventures beyond the safety of the rock pool. 230 00:25:37,160 --> 00:25:38,640 It's a mistake. 231 00:25:41,080 --> 00:25:43,320 The waters surrounding the Galapagos 232 00:25:43,320 --> 00:25:45,480 are patrolled by sharks. 233 00:25:54,400 --> 00:25:56,600 The pup strays further from the pool... 234 00:25:58,720 --> 00:26:00,880 ...while the bull is preoccupied. 235 00:26:21,560 --> 00:26:24,280 The pup can outmanoeuvre the shark... 236 00:26:26,240 --> 00:26:27,960 ...but not for long. 237 00:26:30,560 --> 00:26:32,360 Alerted by the commotion... 238 00:26:35,000 --> 00:26:37,120 ...the bull takes action. 239 00:26:43,240 --> 00:26:45,600 Weighing a quarter of a tonne, 240 00:26:45,600 --> 00:26:48,200 the bull is more than a match for the shark. 241 00:26:50,280 --> 00:26:52,000 Biting at its tail, 242 00:26:52,000 --> 00:26:53,560 he chases it away. 243 00:26:56,040 --> 00:26:59,800 For the pup, it's an important lesson learned. 244 00:26:59,800 --> 00:27:01,320 BLEATS 245 00:27:03,880 --> 00:27:05,080 Many others... 246 00:27:06,400 --> 00:27:07,960 ...are less fortunate. 247 00:27:09,640 --> 00:27:12,400 Nearly half of these young sea lions 248 00:27:12,400 --> 00:27:15,440 will not survive beyond their second birthday. 249 00:27:18,200 --> 00:27:21,840 This pup is safely back on land, 250 00:27:21,840 --> 00:27:25,840 and not too old for a reassuring cuddle. 251 00:27:28,720 --> 00:27:30,520 GRUNTS SOFTLY 252 00:27:33,840 --> 00:27:36,440 One small group of mammals, however, 253 00:27:36,440 --> 00:27:39,680 have completely cut their ties with the land. 254 00:27:56,400 --> 00:27:58,360 WHALE SONG 255 00:28:03,680 --> 00:28:07,720 Humpback whale calves can swim from the moment they're born. 256 00:28:13,320 --> 00:28:17,000 The warm coastal shallows off Western Australia 257 00:28:17,000 --> 00:28:19,400 provide excellent nurseries. 258 00:28:22,840 --> 00:28:24,920 In their first few days, 259 00:28:24,920 --> 00:28:28,320 mothers and babies form a strong bond. 260 00:28:35,520 --> 00:28:38,160 Tucked gently under her fin, 261 00:28:38,160 --> 00:28:40,120 this mother gives her daughter 262 00:28:40,120 --> 00:28:43,120 an early lesson in holding its breath. 263 00:28:48,480 --> 00:28:50,720 But they won't stay here for long. 264 00:28:52,960 --> 00:28:55,680 The reef may be an excellent place to give birth... 265 00:28:57,440 --> 00:28:59,560 ...but there's almost nothing to eat here... 266 00:29:01,040 --> 00:29:02,680 ...so mothers and young 267 00:29:02,680 --> 00:29:07,360 must now make the long journey to richer waters around Antarctica. 268 00:29:18,120 --> 00:29:21,280 But once they've left the safety of the shallow reef 269 00:29:21,280 --> 00:29:23,640 they are vulnerable. 270 00:29:33,560 --> 00:29:35,120 A pod of orca... 271 00:29:36,680 --> 00:29:40,160 ...six strong, patrols the migration route. 272 00:29:42,000 --> 00:29:44,040 They are a formidable force. 273 00:29:48,320 --> 00:29:51,520 But the humpback mother puts her baby high on her back 274 00:29:51,520 --> 00:29:52,840 to protect it... 275 00:29:54,640 --> 00:29:57,640 ...and then goes on the attack herself. 276 00:30:00,600 --> 00:30:02,520 Slashing her powerful tail 277 00:30:02,520 --> 00:30:04,680 and long five-metre fins, 278 00:30:04,680 --> 00:30:06,960 she could easily kill an orca. 279 00:30:11,240 --> 00:30:13,120 But the orca have a plan. 280 00:30:18,600 --> 00:30:21,040 Some of the pod distract the mother... 281 00:30:23,360 --> 00:30:25,680 ...while others ram the calf. 282 00:30:52,960 --> 00:30:54,680 Once it's separated... 283 00:30:56,760 --> 00:30:58,440 ...they drown it. 284 00:31:12,160 --> 00:31:14,200 Since 1986, 285 00:31:14,200 --> 00:31:17,560 when commercial whaling was largely banned, 286 00:31:17,560 --> 00:31:21,840 humpback numbers have risen here from a few hundred 287 00:31:21,840 --> 00:31:24,880 to more than 35,000. 288 00:31:27,280 --> 00:31:29,720 With so many calves on the move, 289 00:31:29,720 --> 00:31:32,920 some orca have specialised in hunting them. 290 00:31:35,720 --> 00:31:39,080 A small pod - just three. 291 00:31:47,200 --> 00:31:49,160 The humpback calf they're pursuing 292 00:31:49,160 --> 00:31:52,360 has more than just its mother at its side. 293 00:31:57,600 --> 00:31:59,040 It also has... 294 00:32:00,280 --> 00:32:02,400 ...a 40-tonne male. 295 00:32:11,040 --> 00:32:13,480 This is a much bigger challenge. 296 00:32:25,120 --> 00:32:27,160 But rather than give up... 297 00:32:29,120 --> 00:32:31,440 ...the orca bide their time. 298 00:32:55,720 --> 00:32:57,240 The male humpback, 299 00:32:57,240 --> 00:32:59,760 believing, perhaps, that the orca have gone... 300 00:33:01,560 --> 00:33:03,320 ...now dives. 301 00:33:10,240 --> 00:33:12,560 The killers seize their opportunity. 302 00:33:20,800 --> 00:33:23,040 They kidnap the calf. 303 00:33:38,800 --> 00:33:41,440 {\an8}They appear to mimic the mother's behaviour, 304 00:33:41,440 --> 00:33:43,640 {\an8}putting the young calf on their backs 305 00:33:43,640 --> 00:33:46,400 and carrying him along in the slipstream. 306 00:33:52,040 --> 00:33:54,040 Young and naive, 307 00:33:54,040 --> 00:33:56,800 the calf goes willingly with them. 308 00:34:02,960 --> 00:34:05,680 Now, far from his mother... 309 00:34:08,080 --> 00:34:10,800 ...the orca attack him. 310 00:34:25,320 --> 00:34:27,600 During the months of migration, 311 00:34:27,600 --> 00:34:31,160 the pod may kill as many as five calves a day. 312 00:34:35,200 --> 00:34:37,320 They catch so many 313 00:34:37,320 --> 00:34:40,920 that sometimes they eat no more than the tongue... 314 00:34:43,520 --> 00:34:46,760 {\an8}...and leave the rest for the sharks. 315 00:34:53,440 --> 00:34:55,800 This is what can happen 316 00:34:55,800 --> 00:34:58,200 when prey is so abundant 317 00:34:58,200 --> 00:35:01,000 and hunters have such skill. 318 00:35:13,560 --> 00:35:17,360 False killer whales are less than half the size of orcas... 319 00:35:19,040 --> 00:35:21,240 ...but they are equally clever. 320 00:35:25,080 --> 00:35:29,360 They roam the ocean in groups up to 50 strong. 321 00:35:33,000 --> 00:35:36,760 Right now, they're on the hunt for other mammals. 322 00:35:36,760 --> 00:35:38,680 HIGH-PITCHED SQUEAKING 323 00:35:42,280 --> 00:35:44,840 Ocean-going bottlenose dolphins. 324 00:35:58,760 --> 00:36:01,640 But the false killers aren't looking for prey. 325 00:36:04,000 --> 00:36:07,240 These two groups are old acquaintances. 326 00:36:12,840 --> 00:36:15,120 In the waters around New Zealand, 327 00:36:15,120 --> 00:36:17,960 they are almost always found together. 328 00:36:27,120 --> 00:36:30,240 {\an8}Lifelong bonds within species are common... 329 00:36:33,200 --> 00:36:36,800 ...but they are rarely seen between different species. 330 00:36:40,160 --> 00:36:41,800 Such friendships 331 00:36:41,800 --> 00:36:44,160 between bottlenose dolphins and false killers... 332 00:36:46,320 --> 00:36:49,280 ...have been documented going back 20 years... 333 00:36:50,960 --> 00:36:55,480 ...so it's entirely possible that individuals of both species 334 00:36:55,480 --> 00:36:57,520 recognise each other. 335 00:37:02,280 --> 00:37:05,280 They team up not only to play... 336 00:37:08,440 --> 00:37:10,160 ...but in order to hunt. 337 00:37:13,520 --> 00:37:15,080 So, when one goes... 338 00:37:17,040 --> 00:37:18,680 ...they all go. 339 00:37:33,480 --> 00:37:37,280 A huge school of kahawai fish. 340 00:37:49,720 --> 00:37:52,440 The false killers swim under the shoal... 341 00:37:54,200 --> 00:37:56,200 ...and drive it to the surface. 342 00:37:58,560 --> 00:38:01,480 Here, the dolphins attack. 343 00:38:12,040 --> 00:38:14,320 But despite helping, 344 00:38:14,320 --> 00:38:17,320 the whales don't appear to feed. 345 00:38:19,280 --> 00:38:22,560 For them, the kahawai are just the bait. 346 00:38:26,880 --> 00:38:30,600 The false killers know the commotion will attract bigger fish. 347 00:38:34,360 --> 00:38:35,920 Kingfish arrive. 348 00:38:37,480 --> 00:38:41,000 They're up to ten times heavier than the kahawai, 349 00:38:41,000 --> 00:38:42,920 and one metre long. 350 00:38:47,480 --> 00:38:49,200 Too big for the dolphins. 351 00:38:51,280 --> 00:38:55,280 So, now it's the turn of the false killer whales to feed. 352 00:39:07,360 --> 00:39:09,440 They form small groups 353 00:39:09,440 --> 00:39:11,040 and break up the school... 354 00:39:16,520 --> 00:39:20,160 ...and then go after the fish that get separated. 355 00:39:39,680 --> 00:39:42,200 Not all the whales make a catch. 356 00:39:44,400 --> 00:39:46,680 But they won't go hungry. 357 00:39:51,520 --> 00:39:56,120 Extraordinarily, the successful hunters share their food. 358 00:40:19,040 --> 00:40:20,680 By helping one another... 359 00:40:21,800 --> 00:40:25,040 ...they ensure that no-one goes without. 360 00:40:43,360 --> 00:40:46,480 Teamwork, intelligence and cooperation 361 00:40:46,480 --> 00:40:50,280 has enabled marine mammals to flourish in the high seas. 362 00:40:52,920 --> 00:40:56,880 But one part of the ocean is still beyond the reach of most. 363 00:40:59,480 --> 00:41:00,960 The deep. 364 00:41:02,760 --> 00:41:06,840 Only a very few are capable of venturing here. 365 00:41:15,720 --> 00:41:18,760 A pod of sperm whales resting near the surface. 366 00:41:27,680 --> 00:41:31,840 They spend just 7% of their lives asleep, 367 00:41:31,840 --> 00:41:34,400 less than almost any other mammal. 368 00:41:36,160 --> 00:41:38,840 But they're also waiting here 369 00:41:38,840 --> 00:41:41,280 for another very special reason. 370 00:42:02,280 --> 00:42:05,200 The birth of a baby. 371 00:42:25,960 --> 00:42:27,840 CLICKING 372 00:42:27,840 --> 00:42:31,160 Helped into the world by supportive relatives, 373 00:42:31,160 --> 00:42:35,040 the newborn is already more than three metres long. 374 00:42:44,200 --> 00:42:49,000 It will grow up surrounded and protected by close family. 375 00:43:22,080 --> 00:43:25,520 It thirsts for its mother's milk, 376 00:43:25,520 --> 00:43:29,040 but the food the mother needs in order to produce it 377 00:43:29,040 --> 00:43:31,360 is 1,000 metres below, 378 00:43:31,360 --> 00:43:34,880 far beyond the reach of a young calf. 379 00:43:38,120 --> 00:43:40,800 So, whilst the family looks after the newborn... 380 00:43:43,360 --> 00:43:46,560 ...the mother sets off in search of a meal. 381 00:43:52,640 --> 00:43:55,440 Adult sperm whales may remain below, 382 00:43:55,440 --> 00:43:57,720 holding their breath, for an hour. 383 00:44:03,000 --> 00:44:07,040 As they descend, their bodies change in an astonishing way. 384 00:44:16,720 --> 00:44:20,080 The increasing pressure squeezes their lungs 385 00:44:20,080 --> 00:44:22,520 until they collapse completely. 386 00:44:29,760 --> 00:44:31,440 To save oxygen, 387 00:44:31,440 --> 00:44:34,200 their digestion, kidney and liver shut down. 388 00:44:38,120 --> 00:44:41,880 {\an8}A special camera records a rare and privileged view 389 00:44:41,880 --> 00:44:45,040 {\an8}of a hunting sperm whale, 390 00:44:45,040 --> 00:44:47,120 {\an8}sending out a stream of clicks 391 00:44:47,120 --> 00:44:50,640 {\an8}to detect prey in the pitch blackness. 392 00:44:50,640 --> 00:44:53,240 CLICKING 393 00:44:53,240 --> 00:44:56,960 {\an8}At this depth, they start to hunt for giant squid. 394 00:45:01,160 --> 00:45:02,680 {\an8}As the whale closes in, 395 00:45:02,680 --> 00:45:04,720 {\an8}their clicks speed up. 396 00:45:04,720 --> 00:45:06,840 RAPID CLICKING 397 00:45:09,360 --> 00:45:13,560 {\an8}A puff of ink is released by the fleeing squid, 398 00:45:13,560 --> 00:45:16,600 {\an8}but the sperm whale isn't fooled... 399 00:45:18,280 --> 00:45:21,520 {\an8}...and the squid is eaten in a last cloud of ink. 400 00:45:35,640 --> 00:45:37,720 As this mother returns, 401 00:45:37,720 --> 00:45:40,360 her calf, like all mammal babies, 402 00:45:40,360 --> 00:45:43,320 has only one thing on its mind. 403 00:45:45,840 --> 00:45:47,640 Milk. 404 00:46:02,560 --> 00:46:04,680 It's growing faster now 405 00:46:04,680 --> 00:46:07,480 than during its 16 months in the womb. 406 00:46:10,080 --> 00:46:13,080 And it will consume up to 100 litres, 407 00:46:13,080 --> 00:46:15,640 300,000 calories, 408 00:46:15,640 --> 00:46:18,640 every day for the next two years. 409 00:46:21,960 --> 00:46:23,960 To meet this demand, 410 00:46:23,960 --> 00:46:27,720 its mother will have to dive up to 15 times every day. 411 00:46:32,320 --> 00:46:35,480 It is her ability to reach such extreme depths 412 00:46:35,480 --> 00:46:38,960 and turn what she eats into rich milk 413 00:46:38,960 --> 00:46:42,160 that will be the key to her baby's success. 414 00:46:51,760 --> 00:46:53,400 Today, 415 00:46:53,400 --> 00:46:55,800 protected almost worldwide, 416 00:46:55,800 --> 00:46:58,880 the outlook for this mother and baby, 417 00:46:58,880 --> 00:47:01,160 and all sperm whales, 418 00:47:01,160 --> 00:47:02,640 is bright. 419 00:47:11,560 --> 00:47:15,960 Even so, sperm whales still face many threats. 420 00:47:19,400 --> 00:47:23,320 Every year, enough fishing line is lost in our oceans 421 00:47:23,320 --> 00:47:25,560 to stretch to the moon and back... 422 00:47:27,800 --> 00:47:30,400 ...together with 20 million traps, 423 00:47:30,400 --> 00:47:33,600 and carrying 14 billion hooks. 424 00:47:37,680 --> 00:47:42,000 The whales become entangled in these so-called "ghost nets". 425 00:47:48,520 --> 00:47:51,520 The lines cut into their bodies... 426 00:47:55,120 --> 00:47:58,440 ...and the floats can prevent them from diving. 427 00:48:04,200 --> 00:48:08,240 Theirs is a slow and agonising death. 428 00:48:15,480 --> 00:48:18,600 We are now aware of the threats we create. 429 00:48:20,880 --> 00:48:25,800 Surely, we should now do everything we can to prevent them. 430 00:48:40,520 --> 00:48:43,120 The greatest challenge for the Mammals team 431 00:48:43,120 --> 00:48:46,480 was not only filming false killer whales in New Zealand, 432 00:48:46,480 --> 00:48:48,640 but trying for the first time 433 00:48:48,640 --> 00:48:51,560 to place a data-recording camera onto one. 434 00:48:52,840 --> 00:48:58,200 With only 150 individuals somewhere within 4,500 square miles, 435 00:48:58,200 --> 00:49:01,000 just finding them will be hard enough. 436 00:49:01,000 --> 00:49:04,960 Luckily, they have the help of Jochen Zaeschmar, 437 00:49:04,960 --> 00:49:07,080 who has been studying this group of whales 438 00:49:07,080 --> 00:49:08,800 for the last 20 years. 439 00:49:10,600 --> 00:49:13,200 He has a directional hydrophone, 440 00:49:13,200 --> 00:49:16,400 with which he can hear the false killer whales' whistles... 441 00:49:18,280 --> 00:49:21,520 ...but only from less than ten miles away. 442 00:49:23,360 --> 00:49:24,600 Nothing. 443 00:49:24,600 --> 00:49:27,720 I was kind of hoping... kind of hoping to hear something. 444 00:49:27,720 --> 00:49:31,680 Cameraman Andre Rerekura scans the horizon, 445 00:49:31,680 --> 00:49:35,840 but picking out a fin in the open ocean is no small feat. 446 00:49:37,680 --> 00:49:39,520 The scale of the task ahead 447 00:49:39,520 --> 00:49:42,760 is dawning on assistant producer Kyle Swann. 448 00:49:42,760 --> 00:49:44,760 Searching. Searching, searching. 449 00:49:44,760 --> 00:49:47,360 That's kind of the strategy, 450 00:49:47,360 --> 00:49:49,520 but so far, no luck. 451 00:49:49,520 --> 00:49:51,640 With only a brief few weeks 452 00:49:51,640 --> 00:49:54,120 during which it's possible to film them, 453 00:49:54,120 --> 00:49:56,200 it's a disappointing start. 454 00:50:02,520 --> 00:50:03,960 There's absolutely nothing. 455 00:50:05,360 --> 00:50:09,600 Over the coming days, the team search without pause. 456 00:50:15,840 --> 00:50:17,720 Nothing. 457 00:50:17,720 --> 00:50:19,240 Absolutely nothing. 458 00:50:19,240 --> 00:50:20,520 Nothing again. 459 00:50:21,680 --> 00:50:24,080 Still, keep trying. 460 00:50:25,960 --> 00:50:29,000 They have spent 20 days with no whales... 461 00:50:30,440 --> 00:50:33,640 ...but Andre spots something promising in the distance. 462 00:50:33,640 --> 00:50:37,600 There's a few birds, but nothing crazy. 463 00:50:37,600 --> 00:50:40,360 Yeah, well, that's where I heard some faint whistles there. 464 00:50:43,440 --> 00:50:45,600 Worth a look while we're here. 465 00:50:50,840 --> 00:50:52,480 Ah, I've got something! 466 00:50:52,480 --> 00:50:55,120 Whoa! We have a haul. Oh, my God, yeah. 467 00:50:55,120 --> 00:50:56,720 It's promising. It looks... 468 00:50:56,720 --> 00:50:59,280 I've seen a stumpy nose! 469 00:50:59,280 --> 00:51:01,560 I think we've got falsies! 470 00:51:01,560 --> 00:51:03,600 Whoa! Falsies! 471 00:51:03,600 --> 00:51:05,800 No way! Woohoo! 472 00:51:05,800 --> 00:51:06,960 We have 'em! 473 00:51:06,960 --> 00:51:08,760 HE LAUGHS 474 00:51:14,160 --> 00:51:15,760 But with the sun setting 475 00:51:15,760 --> 00:51:19,000 and the whales capable of covering 100 miles a day, 476 00:51:19,000 --> 00:51:21,720 the team hop on their liveaboard 477 00:51:21,720 --> 00:51:24,000 to follow the whales overnight. 478 00:51:27,240 --> 00:51:30,680 The crew takes turns on watch, 479 00:51:30,680 --> 00:51:33,040 using their eyes and ears. 480 00:51:36,880 --> 00:51:39,040 ANDRE: Yeah, we've pretty much done circles all night. 481 00:51:39,040 --> 00:51:41,280 We're in the same spot we found them yesterday afternoon, 482 00:51:41,280 --> 00:51:42,920 so they don't go far. 483 00:51:42,920 --> 00:51:44,880 Like Jochen says, they just sleep. 484 00:51:44,880 --> 00:51:48,480 So they've probably had more sleep than us! 485 00:51:48,480 --> 00:51:50,960 Falsies off the bow! Big old falsies off the bow. 486 00:51:52,600 --> 00:51:55,760 Woohoo-hoo! There's one just here. 487 00:51:55,760 --> 00:51:58,240 Oh, my God, this is just amazing. 488 00:52:00,280 --> 00:52:02,160 They're in a good mood. 489 00:52:02,160 --> 00:52:05,080 A new dawn presents a new challenge. 490 00:52:06,960 --> 00:52:08,840 Back on the filming boat, 491 00:52:08,840 --> 00:52:12,280 the team follow the false killers as they hunt. 492 00:52:13,760 --> 00:52:17,400 No-one has ever recorded them creating a bait ball before. 493 00:52:19,200 --> 00:52:22,440 But the whales can swim at 20mph, 494 00:52:22,440 --> 00:52:26,280 so Andre has brought a little extra propulsion. 495 00:52:30,680 --> 00:52:32,600 ANDRE: The scooter's a game-changer. 496 00:52:34,360 --> 00:52:37,880 You can free-dive down with, you know, a full lung of air, 497 00:52:37,880 --> 00:52:39,280 all your energy, 498 00:52:39,280 --> 00:52:43,560 and hold your breath for a minute and a half to two minutes with ease. 499 00:52:43,560 --> 00:52:46,800 The scooter lets him keep up with false killers 500 00:52:46,800 --> 00:52:50,640 and helps propel him swiftly into the heart of the action. 501 00:53:01,840 --> 00:53:03,840 Once the feeding frenzy is over, 502 00:53:03,840 --> 00:53:06,640 the whales turn their attention to Andre. 503 00:53:10,360 --> 00:53:12,800 ANDRE: This incredible interaction. 504 00:53:12,800 --> 00:53:15,800 It just... just made me realise how amazing 505 00:53:15,800 --> 00:53:17,760 and intelligent these animals are. 506 00:53:17,760 --> 00:53:20,000 CLICKING 507 00:53:20,000 --> 00:53:22,160 It was really unique and really special. 508 00:53:25,760 --> 00:53:28,560 That was... Woo! 509 00:53:28,560 --> 00:53:30,400 I can't even explain that! 510 00:53:34,120 --> 00:53:37,000 Having captured this extraordinary behaviour, 511 00:53:37,000 --> 00:53:40,400 the team switch to the most difficult goal of the trip... 512 00:53:42,640 --> 00:53:45,680 ...to place a suction tag on a whale. 513 00:53:48,240 --> 00:53:50,800 For 20 years, Jochen has studied this group 514 00:53:50,800 --> 00:53:52,680 of false killer whales, 515 00:53:52,680 --> 00:53:54,560 but this would be a first. 516 00:53:57,640 --> 00:54:01,480 The tag contains a camera and a data collector. 517 00:54:01,480 --> 00:54:04,800 Combined, they will give Jochen new insights 518 00:54:04,800 --> 00:54:07,360 into how these animals spend their time underwater. 519 00:54:09,560 --> 00:54:12,200 Getting close enough to attach a tag 520 00:54:12,200 --> 00:54:15,960 will take every ounce of Jochen's expertise and understanding. 521 00:54:18,160 --> 00:54:19,760 Here they are. 522 00:54:19,760 --> 00:54:22,240 While they're just chilled, I'll just go in there real slow. 523 00:54:23,560 --> 00:54:25,600 Hope to... Hope to get lucky. 524 00:54:27,920 --> 00:54:29,720 OK, OK, OK, OK. 525 00:54:31,600 --> 00:54:33,840 Beautiful, beautiful, beautiful, beautiful. 526 00:54:33,840 --> 00:54:36,240 OK. No, no, no. 527 00:54:37,320 --> 00:54:39,760 No. No, no, on the next one, on the next one. 528 00:54:39,760 --> 00:54:42,840 They're going down a bit. We'll get them, we'll get them. 529 00:54:44,000 --> 00:54:46,160 Trying to find that perfect moment! 530 00:54:46,160 --> 00:54:48,160 Heart's going through the roof! 531 00:54:53,120 --> 00:54:55,200 JOCHEN: This is a bunch of different males. 532 00:54:55,200 --> 00:54:57,080 Let's see, though, see how they like us. 533 00:54:58,400 --> 00:55:00,560 They're all coming together now. 534 00:55:09,520 --> 00:55:12,240 There's just so, so many factors. 535 00:55:12,240 --> 00:55:14,160 The way the angle of the camera is, 536 00:55:14,160 --> 00:55:16,200 where it comes up next to you. 537 00:55:16,200 --> 00:55:18,320 I'm hopeful. It's hard work. 538 00:55:18,320 --> 00:55:20,120 They're not making it easy. 539 00:55:20,120 --> 00:55:21,800 As the wind drops, 540 00:55:21,800 --> 00:55:24,600 the team have a brief but perfect opportunity. 541 00:55:28,000 --> 00:55:29,400 JOCHEN: So I'm just going to... 542 00:55:30,720 --> 00:55:33,120 ...ease my way over towards them. 543 00:55:33,120 --> 00:55:34,360 Wait. 544 00:55:39,600 --> 00:55:40,840 OK, this is it. 545 00:55:45,720 --> 00:55:47,920 Yeah! We did it! We did it! 546 00:55:47,920 --> 00:55:49,400 We did it! 547 00:55:49,400 --> 00:55:51,320 THEY LAUGH 548 00:55:51,320 --> 00:55:52,560 Well done! 549 00:55:57,560 --> 00:55:59,600 Woooo! 550 00:56:00,960 --> 00:56:03,560 We did it. We did it! I'm so happy! 551 00:56:06,120 --> 00:56:08,200 THEY CHEER 552 00:56:08,200 --> 00:56:11,080 It's not just the achievement of getting the tag on, 553 00:56:11,080 --> 00:56:13,960 it's the promise of what it will reveal. 554 00:56:17,200 --> 00:56:20,840 {\an8}And that turns out to be astounding. 555 00:56:20,840 --> 00:56:22,920 Intimate food sharing 556 00:56:22,920 --> 00:56:24,760 and new hunting strategies 557 00:56:24,760 --> 00:56:28,000 have been recorded for the very first time, 558 00:56:28,000 --> 00:56:32,440 giving us a new perspective on mammals' lives underwater. 559 00:56:35,360 --> 00:56:38,600 Next time - we venture into the cold. 560 00:56:38,600 --> 00:56:41,480 A vast and unforgiving world... 561 00:56:41,480 --> 00:56:44,280 BARKING AND GROWLING 562 00:56:44,280 --> 00:56:48,160 ...where mammals, through sheer tenacity 563 00:56:48,160 --> 00:56:50,160 and adapation... 564 00:56:52,160 --> 00:56:55,680 ...have found a way to make it home.41379

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