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You might think
life is simple
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00:00:19,894 --> 00:00:25,608
for an ant no bigger
than a grain of rice,
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00:00:25,608 --> 00:00:28,778
or a little peanut-sized bee.
4
00:00:30,280 --> 00:00:33,366
Both just starting out
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00:00:33,366 --> 00:00:35,994
still safe in their nests.
6
00:00:37,746 --> 00:00:42,417
But now it's time to venture
into the outside world,
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00:00:42,417 --> 00:00:46,337
and life is about
to get complicated.
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00:00:53,636 --> 00:00:56,556
Welcome to the jungle,
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00:00:56,556 --> 00:00:59,893
a bewildering tangle of life.
10
00:01:02,437 --> 00:01:04,439
The rain forests
of Latin America
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00:01:04,439 --> 00:01:08,485
are home to a third
of all species on Earth.
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00:01:12,030 --> 00:01:15,075
This place is bug-tropolis.
13
00:01:17,035 --> 00:01:19,496
With thousands of different
kinds of bugs
14
00:01:19,496 --> 00:01:21,831
living on each tree.
15
00:01:24,709 --> 00:01:28,922
The only way to survive
somewhere so crowded
16
00:01:28,922 --> 00:01:32,926
is to find your place,
do your job,
17
00:01:32,926 --> 00:01:34,761
and watch your back.
18
00:01:36,679 --> 00:01:42,143
Now, our two young rookies must
figure out where they fit in.
19
00:01:45,188 --> 00:01:50,276
Turns out, even the smallest,
most insignificant-looking bug
20
00:01:50,276 --> 00:01:52,821
has a huge role to play.
21
00:02:07,210 --> 00:02:12,674
Basking in tropical sun
and full of growth,
22
00:02:12,674 --> 00:02:16,678
the canopy is the perfect place
23
00:02:16,678 --> 00:02:21,099
for an eager young orchid bee
to find flowers.
24
00:02:23,810 --> 00:02:27,438
He's fueling up
for a busy first day.
25
00:02:30,525 --> 00:02:35,738
A very special mission
for a very special bee.
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00:02:39,325 --> 00:02:42,287
He's a handsome little guy
for sure,
27
00:02:42,287 --> 00:02:46,875
but lady bees are more
interested in how he smells.
28
00:02:49,210 --> 00:02:54,591
So, to attract a mate,
he needs to create a scent
29
00:02:54,591 --> 00:02:59,012
that smells
as sweet as he looks.
30
00:03:04,142 --> 00:03:07,937
But becoming a master perfumier
31
00:03:07,937 --> 00:03:10,857
takes more than visiting
a few flowers.
32
00:03:16,362 --> 00:03:21,201
There are more interesting
fragrances in the forest.
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00:03:21,201 --> 00:03:24,078
The trick is finding them.
34
00:03:28,458 --> 00:03:33,463
Good thing orchid bees
can travel 15 miles a day.
35
00:03:33,463 --> 00:03:37,884
In bee terms, that's like
flying from New York to LA.
36
00:03:43,514 --> 00:03:48,603
Only his flight path
won't be so straightforward.
37
00:03:55,610 --> 00:03:59,989
Down on the forest floor,
it's a whole other world.
38
00:04:02,075 --> 00:04:06,704
Only 2% of sunlight
reaches here,
39
00:04:06,704 --> 00:04:09,165
so there's not
much fresh growth.
40
00:04:12,460 --> 00:04:15,630
Not a great start
for the newest recruit
41
00:04:15,630 --> 00:04:17,799
to the leafcutter labor force.
42
00:04:19,550 --> 00:04:23,304
Her only job is to collect
fresh green leaves.
43
00:04:25,139 --> 00:04:27,308
Slim pickings down here.
44
00:04:28,893 --> 00:04:34,774
So, somehow she has
to get way up there.
45
00:04:37,735 --> 00:04:39,654
But it's her first day.
46
00:04:39,654 --> 00:04:41,572
Where to begin?
47
00:04:44,534 --> 00:04:48,955
Luckily, a quarter a million
sisters can show her the way.
48
00:04:51,708 --> 00:04:56,671
The trail: nature's most
impressive production line.
49
00:04:59,549 --> 00:05:04,012
A highway leading
right into the canopy.
50
00:05:05,722 --> 00:05:08,850
Signposted all the way
with pheromones.
51
00:05:11,436 --> 00:05:15,315
But to a first-timer,
it's chaos.
52
00:05:22,864 --> 00:05:26,492
Every few inches,
she gets stopped.
53
00:05:30,038 --> 00:05:34,584
Everyone's telling her
where to go, what to do.
54
00:05:37,170 --> 00:05:39,297
Stay calm.
55
00:05:39,297 --> 00:05:41,924
There's a method
to this madness.
56
00:05:43,968 --> 00:05:48,056
The ants coming in
tell the ants going out
57
00:05:48,056 --> 00:05:50,433
where the best leaves are.
58
00:05:52,977 --> 00:05:57,857
And today's tree
is 300 feet away.
59
00:06:01,152 --> 00:06:04,864
In ant land,
that's a 10-mile commute.
60
00:06:06,741 --> 00:06:08,284
Oh, man.
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00:06:08,284 --> 00:06:10,036
This could take a while.
62
00:06:16,292 --> 00:06:18,795
Nothing slow about
this little explorer.
63
00:06:20,630 --> 00:06:24,801
With three extra eyes
sensitive to polarized light,
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00:06:24,801 --> 00:06:29,097
he can navigate by the sun
even when he can't see it.
65
00:06:33,643 --> 00:06:37,021
Buzzing at 20 miles per hour,
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00:06:37,021 --> 00:06:41,484
he's searching
for perfume ingredients,
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00:06:41,484 --> 00:06:45,863
with antennae that can detect a
single molecule on the breeze.
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00:06:49,200 --> 00:06:50,743
Mmm.
69
00:06:50,743 --> 00:06:54,330
What's that sweet smell
coming from the forest floor?
70
00:06:57,625 --> 00:06:58,835
Oh.
71
00:06:58,835 --> 00:07:02,797
Nothing sweet
about an elephant beetle.
72
00:07:02,797 --> 00:07:06,092
Maybe it's the cocoa pod
he's munching on.
73
00:07:10,930 --> 00:07:13,099
Mmm, chocolate!
74
00:07:23,609 --> 00:07:27,655
He soaks up the scent
with his fluffy front feet...
75
00:07:29,657 --> 00:07:32,285
...then squeezes it
into special perfume pouches
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00:07:32,285 --> 00:07:34,203
on his back legs.
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00:07:39,000 --> 00:07:40,918
A good start.
78
00:07:40,918 --> 00:07:42,879
Who doesn't like chocolate?
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00:07:44,338 --> 00:07:47,633
But that's only one ingredient.
80
00:07:47,633 --> 00:07:51,095
He needs to blend
a perfume cocktail.
81
00:07:53,222 --> 00:07:56,559
So this mixologist
better move quick.
82
00:07:58,519 --> 00:08:03,566
Thankfully, he's one of
the best flyers in the forest.
83
00:08:03,566 --> 00:08:06,527
Hold up. A challenger?
84
00:08:06,527 --> 00:08:08,529
Eee! Ow!
85
00:08:08,529 --> 00:08:10,615
Nah, never mind.
86
00:08:10,615 --> 00:08:12,658
Onwards, mix master!
87
00:08:15,620 --> 00:08:17,788
There's plenty of scents
to choose from
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00:08:17,788 --> 00:08:19,749
on the forest floor.
89
00:08:25,296 --> 00:08:27,757
Fancy flowers,
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00:08:27,757 --> 00:08:30,510
funky fungi,
91
00:08:30,510 --> 00:08:33,971
even earthy aromas.
92
00:08:33,971 --> 00:08:37,475
But there's also
danger down here.
93
00:08:40,019 --> 00:08:43,898
The jungle's top predator
is on patrol.
94
00:08:46,234 --> 00:08:49,487
No, not these guys.
95
00:08:49,487 --> 00:08:51,405
They're just pussy cats.
96
00:08:53,366 --> 00:08:57,995
This forest is haunted
by something far deadlier.
97
00:09:00,957 --> 00:09:04,877
A creature that can kill
30,000 times a day.
98
00:09:08,130 --> 00:09:12,260
And it's not just one of them;
99
00:09:12,260 --> 00:09:14,053
it's a swarm.
100
00:09:16,597 --> 00:09:19,267
Army ants.
101
00:09:19,267 --> 00:09:22,311
Each one is only half an inch,
102
00:09:22,311 --> 00:09:25,231
but when half a million
are on the march...
103
00:09:28,109 --> 00:09:30,695
...they destroy any bug
in their path.
104
00:09:40,329 --> 00:09:43,332
And once they've
decimated one area...
105
00:09:46,961 --> 00:09:49,505
...they move on to the next.
106
00:09:52,883 --> 00:09:54,218
The little leafcutter
hasn't met
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00:09:54,218 --> 00:09:57,638
her carnivorous cousins yet,
108
00:09:57,638 --> 00:10:01,142
but sooner or later,
their paths will cross.
109
00:10:09,108 --> 00:10:12,320
Two hours
into her first day,
110
00:10:12,320 --> 00:10:14,739
and she's almost at the tree.
111
00:10:17,533 --> 00:10:21,621
But down here, you're always
at the mercy of the heavens.
112
00:10:36,594 --> 00:10:38,262
It's gridlock.
113
00:10:40,222 --> 00:10:43,851
Debris on the highway can make
traffic 10 times slower.
114
00:10:45,686 --> 00:10:47,897
She's running late.
115
00:10:47,897 --> 00:10:49,982
But don't worry,
116
00:10:49,982 --> 00:10:51,984
there's a dedicated team
of road workers
117
00:10:51,984 --> 00:10:54,153
for jobs like this.
118
00:11:13,839 --> 00:11:17,593
Finally, time
for her first ascent.
119
00:11:20,638 --> 00:11:22,056
Getting to the canopy
120
00:11:22,056 --> 00:11:25,434
is like scaling
20 Empire State Buildings.
121
00:11:30,773 --> 00:11:32,692
Just keep following the trail.
122
00:11:34,860 --> 00:11:38,572
Don't mind King Kong,
he's a big softy.
123
00:11:41,575 --> 00:11:44,912
The bee can home in
on ant pheromones, too.
124
00:11:48,541 --> 00:11:51,001
But they're not pungent enough.
125
00:11:58,008 --> 00:12:01,804
Mmm. Millipede smells
kinda almondy.
126
00:12:03,639 --> 00:12:06,100
On the right track,
127
00:12:06,100 --> 00:12:07,935
but full of cyanide.
128
00:12:11,772 --> 00:12:13,399
Keep trying, though.
129
00:12:13,399 --> 00:12:16,861
The best scents have
the most unlikely sources.
130
00:12:22,032 --> 00:12:25,536
Once a week, sloths descend
to the ground.
131
00:12:29,540 --> 00:12:32,918
Like all things they do,
132
00:12:32,918 --> 00:12:35,463
it's a slow process.
133
00:12:42,386 --> 00:12:45,181
All that time just to find
a place to--
134
00:12:53,022 --> 00:12:54,648
Hmm.
135
00:12:54,648 --> 00:12:56,484
Could that be?
136
00:13:00,654 --> 00:13:02,114
Oh, man.
137
00:13:02,114 --> 00:13:04,074
Is he really?
138
00:13:04,074 --> 00:13:07,328
Oh, that's, that's
a little disgusting.
139
00:13:07,328 --> 00:13:11,832
Okay, maybe not the sweetest
thing he'll land on,
140
00:13:11,832 --> 00:13:14,877
but dung is a source
of skatole.
141
00:13:14,877 --> 00:13:17,755
It helps keep a scent
lingering on the air.
142
00:13:17,755 --> 00:13:21,217
Even human perfumiers use it.
143
00:13:21,217 --> 00:13:25,054
And lady bees love it.
144
00:13:25,054 --> 00:13:27,640
Just don't tell her
where it came from.
145
00:13:30,100 --> 00:13:32,770
Well, that's number two
in the bag.
146
00:13:32,770 --> 00:13:36,857
Just one last ingredient
to finish off this fragrance.
147
00:13:40,361 --> 00:13:44,073
Up in the treetops,
there's a fresher breeze.
148
00:13:53,290 --> 00:13:58,170
Finally our little leafcutter
has reached the canopy.
149
00:13:58,170 --> 00:14:01,382
So this is where
the harvest happens.
150
00:14:04,134 --> 00:14:07,221
Everyone's working hard
151
00:14:07,221 --> 00:14:09,682
before the weather turns.
152
00:14:12,059 --> 00:14:13,936
Slicing through leaves
153
00:14:13,936 --> 00:14:17,106
and bouncing their booties
as they go.
154
00:14:18,983 --> 00:14:22,069
It creates rhythmic vibrations
155
00:14:22,069 --> 00:14:24,655
that other ants feel
in their feet.
156
00:14:26,615 --> 00:14:29,577
Like a leafcutter samba,
157
00:14:29,577 --> 00:14:33,789
it gets everyone joining in
where the good leaves are.
158
00:14:49,805 --> 00:14:51,640
After that long commute,
159
00:14:51,640 --> 00:14:53,893
she's getting
her groove on, too.
160
00:15:04,528 --> 00:15:08,532
With jaw muscles a quarter
of her body weight
161
00:15:08,532 --> 00:15:12,745
and serrated
syncline mandibles,
162
00:15:12,745 --> 00:15:16,123
even a first-timer
can power through her work.
163
00:15:24,006 --> 00:15:26,216
This is almost too easy.
164
00:15:29,428 --> 00:15:31,221
Rookie error.
165
00:15:37,353 --> 00:15:40,856
Well, that's certainly
a quicker way down.
166
00:15:42,191 --> 00:15:45,361
But this is no place
for a leafcutter
167
00:15:45,361 --> 00:15:47,237
to be lost and alone.
168
00:15:51,533 --> 00:15:56,664
The army ants have
set up camp close by.
169
00:15:56,664 --> 00:16:00,542
A living fortress
made of soldiers.
170
00:16:02,169 --> 00:16:05,839
But they don't rest for long.
171
00:16:05,839 --> 00:16:09,218
With half a million
mouths to feed,
172
00:16:09,218 --> 00:16:12,930
they need to hunt every day.
173
00:16:22,022 --> 00:16:25,150
The leafcutter better find
her sisters quick.
174
00:16:27,987 --> 00:16:30,030
The army is so close.
175
00:16:30,030 --> 00:16:33,283
She can almost smell them.
176
00:16:37,746 --> 00:16:41,500
Wait, that's not army ants.
177
00:16:41,500 --> 00:16:44,503
It's something more familiar.
178
00:16:46,672 --> 00:16:50,926
Faint at first,
getting stronger...
179
00:16:50,926 --> 00:16:52,553
the trail!
180
00:16:58,058 --> 00:16:59,643
Back on track.
181
00:16:59,643 --> 00:17:05,107
Close to the nest and still
carrying her precious leaf.
182
00:17:05,107 --> 00:17:08,819
Just one tiny problem:
it's toxic.
183
00:17:10,487 --> 00:17:12,197
Hold on, you're telling me
184
00:17:12,197 --> 00:17:15,117
the ants can't even
eat these leaves?
185
00:17:15,117 --> 00:17:17,453
After all that effort?
186
00:17:19,830 --> 00:17:23,167
Yep. Seems so.
187
00:17:23,167 --> 00:17:27,129
They have a workaround
that will blow your mind.
188
00:17:29,798 --> 00:17:33,594
Leafcutter ants
are amazing farmers.
189
00:17:36,555 --> 00:17:40,142
They figured out how to turn
toxic leaves into compost.
190
00:17:42,811 --> 00:17:47,316
And they use it to cultivate
a very special fungus.
191
00:17:49,610 --> 00:17:52,821
It only grows
in leafcutter nests,
192
00:17:52,821 --> 00:17:55,783
and it feeds the entire colony.
193
00:17:58,368 --> 00:18:01,622
It's made them the most
successful vegetarians
194
00:18:01,622 --> 00:18:03,290
in the jungle.
195
00:18:06,710 --> 00:18:10,214
But this colony is small
and vulnerable.
196
00:18:12,508 --> 00:18:14,301
It needs to grow bigger.
197
00:18:21,475 --> 00:18:25,395
The queen can lay
25,000 eggs a day.
198
00:18:27,106 --> 00:18:30,067
But more ants need more food.
199
00:18:32,486 --> 00:18:35,197
So, it's up to every
little leafcutter
200
00:18:35,197 --> 00:18:37,699
to keep those leaves coming in.
201
00:18:52,381 --> 00:18:55,175
Our orchid bee
has been busy, too,
202
00:18:55,175 --> 00:18:58,345
searching for that
final ingredient.
203
00:19:02,141 --> 00:19:04,393
Nothing going on down here.
204
00:19:06,728 --> 00:19:11,108
But an amazing aroma
is coming from above.
205
00:19:19,241 --> 00:19:22,494
Now, that's no ordinary
floral fragrance.
206
00:19:24,246 --> 00:19:27,082
It's a very special
kind of orchid.
207
00:19:28,542 --> 00:19:31,879
Unfortunately,
he's late to the party.
208
00:19:34,548 --> 00:19:36,758
Bucket orchids produce
a rare scent
209
00:19:36,758 --> 00:19:39,094
to attract orchid bees.
210
00:19:40,762 --> 00:19:42,389
And it works.
211
00:19:51,982 --> 00:19:56,612
So many males here, a little
bee must learn to muscle in.
212
00:20:02,701 --> 00:20:05,245
But most of the good stuff's
been taken.
213
00:20:10,626 --> 00:20:13,170
Gotta reach further.
214
00:20:16,548 --> 00:20:18,550
A bit further...
215
00:20:21,637 --> 00:20:23,347
A small slip-up.
216
00:20:25,057 --> 00:20:28,185
But it could lead
to big problems.
217
00:20:32,522 --> 00:20:36,610
Most afternoons,
dark, heavy clouds roll in.
218
00:20:43,575 --> 00:20:46,745
It's called the rain forest
for a reason.
219
00:20:49,957 --> 00:20:53,710
14 feet of the stuff
falls each year.
220
00:21:00,634 --> 00:21:04,054
These downpours are
the life source of the forest.
221
00:21:09,017 --> 00:21:11,061
But from a bug's perspective...
222
00:21:14,940 --> 00:21:16,400
...it's Armageddon.
223
00:21:26,535 --> 00:21:29,746
Each drop hits like a bomb.
224
00:21:41,383 --> 00:21:44,594
And rain can be way more
destructive than that.
225
00:21:47,431 --> 00:21:50,726
Bromeliad plants are
designed to catch water.
226
00:21:52,686 --> 00:21:55,480
The biggest can hold
five gallons.
227
00:22:01,028 --> 00:22:02,779
Even when the storm stops...
228
00:22:06,116 --> 00:22:10,454
...a quarter of the rainfall
is still trapped in the canopy.
229
00:22:16,585 --> 00:22:20,380
One branch can only
take so much.
230
00:22:24,551 --> 00:22:29,014
And now the elephant beetle
is flying up to the canopy.
231
00:22:34,061 --> 00:22:38,273
One of the world's
heaviest insects.
232
00:22:43,278 --> 00:22:44,780
Uh-oh.
233
00:23:03,423 --> 00:23:06,551
Falling branches are
a daily hazard here.
234
00:23:10,514 --> 00:23:12,015
But to a bug...
235
00:23:15,894 --> 00:23:19,856
...it's like your whole world
236
00:23:19,856 --> 00:23:22,275
has come crashing down.
237
00:23:40,544 --> 00:23:43,338
The survivors emerge
from the wreckage.
238
00:23:50,887 --> 00:23:54,099
But the little bee is trapped.
239
00:23:57,352 --> 00:24:00,439
Right now, that might be
a good thing.
240
00:24:06,653 --> 00:24:09,698
Maybe just stay put.
241
00:24:19,749 --> 00:24:23,837
The army ants have located
the leafcutter nest.
242
00:24:37,642 --> 00:24:41,062
It's the perfect size;
243
00:24:41,062 --> 00:24:44,316
small enough to invade,
244
00:24:44,316 --> 00:24:47,235
big enough to plunder.
245
00:24:49,237 --> 00:24:51,490
It's eggs they're after.
246
00:24:58,330 --> 00:25:02,209
The leafcutter ants
fight valiantly.
247
00:25:06,046 --> 00:25:08,173
But they're outnumbered.
248
00:25:16,014 --> 00:25:18,767
The army has breached
the nursery.
249
00:25:20,227 --> 00:25:24,481
The little leafcutter
can't save the eggs now.
250
00:25:24,481 --> 00:25:27,609
But sensing an alarm signal,
251
00:25:27,609 --> 00:25:30,654
she does something
extraordinary.
252
00:25:33,198 --> 00:25:35,325
Joining the other workers,
253
00:25:35,325 --> 00:25:38,453
she becomes part
of a living shield,
254
00:25:40,497 --> 00:25:43,208
surrounding their queen,
255
00:25:43,208 --> 00:25:45,752
keeping her safe from attack...
256
00:25:49,256 --> 00:25:52,425
...while the invaders
just keep coming.
257
00:25:56,680 --> 00:25:59,224
Once all the eggs
have been taken...
258
00:26:02,102 --> 00:26:05,188
...finally, the raid is over.
259
00:26:16,825 --> 00:26:18,910
It's safe to come out now.
260
00:26:21,496 --> 00:26:23,915
But it's a tight squeeze.
261
00:26:23,915 --> 00:26:28,128
Just what the orchid intended,
262
00:26:28,128 --> 00:26:31,756
so it can stick two pollen sacs
to his back.
263
00:26:35,885 --> 00:26:38,555
The orchid needs someone
to carry its pollen
264
00:26:38,555 --> 00:26:40,599
to other flowers.
265
00:26:46,021 --> 00:26:49,357
And there's no better
delivery boy
266
00:26:49,357 --> 00:26:51,568
than this little bee.
267
00:26:56,406 --> 00:26:59,409
On his quest for new scents,
268
00:26:59,409 --> 00:27:02,245
he helps rare plants,
269
00:27:02,245 --> 00:27:04,289
strange mushrooms,
270
00:27:04,289 --> 00:27:08,209
even the biggest trees
to reproduce.
271
00:27:11,338 --> 00:27:16,134
His exploring ways keep the
whole forest growing strong.
272
00:27:24,517 --> 00:27:26,895
Back in the ant nest,
273
00:27:26,895 --> 00:27:31,107
one little leafcutter has made
a huge difference, too.
274
00:27:33,234 --> 00:27:38,990
Her selfless nature
helped save the day,
275
00:27:38,990 --> 00:27:41,117
which saved the queen.
276
00:27:44,329 --> 00:27:48,500
As long as she's alive,
the colony can rebuild.
277
00:27:52,962 --> 00:27:56,591
But only with the help
and dedication
278
00:27:56,591 --> 00:27:59,344
of every little leafcutter.
279
00:28:06,434 --> 00:28:09,229
So, she better
get back to work.
280
00:28:14,484 --> 00:28:18,571
It's easy to overlook
the things little creatures do.
281
00:28:20,365 --> 00:28:23,326
But look closer.
282
00:28:23,326 --> 00:28:25,578
If these two tiny young bugs
283
00:28:25,578 --> 00:28:30,542
can play such vital roles
in the rain forest,
284
00:28:30,542 --> 00:28:35,547
imagine the amazing things
all the others do
285
00:28:35,547 --> 00:28:39,050
to keep this
wonderful world alive.
286
00:28:45,640 --> 00:28:48,143
As for the bee,
287
00:28:48,143 --> 00:28:52,021
well, maybe all his hard work
was worth it after all.
288
00:28:55,859 --> 00:28:59,988
It's time to try out
his signature scent.
289
00:29:01,948 --> 00:29:07,245
The best perfumes are more than
a fragrance; they tell a story.
290
00:29:09,581 --> 00:29:12,459
A tale of an intrepid bee
291
00:29:12,459 --> 00:29:17,297
with the skill to survive
an epic jungle journey.
292
00:29:19,215 --> 00:29:25,513
And all because a lady loves
the scents of adventure.
293
00:29:29,267 --> 00:29:31,811
His very first display...
294
00:29:34,773 --> 00:29:38,610
...and already he seems
to have an admirer.
295
00:29:42,655 --> 00:29:45,074
Not bad for a newbie.
22544
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