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NARRATOR: It's an old country
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with a long history of
refined civilization.
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00:00:14,814 --> 00:00:17,617
Yet, deep in the countryside
of France,
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00:00:17,617 --> 00:00:19,052
wild creatures
are stirring.
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00:00:19,052 --> 00:00:21,354
Wilderness is making a comeback
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00:00:21,354 --> 00:00:24,124
in a drama unfolding
all across Europe --
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00:00:24,124 --> 00:00:28,361
and France plays
a large part in the story.
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00:00:28,361 --> 00:00:30,497
Creatures once on the verge
of extinction
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are being granted the space
and tolerance
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to find their way back.
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Eagles, otters,
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00:00:41,274 --> 00:00:43,877
badgers, and bats --
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00:00:43,877 --> 00:00:45,412
even the great predators --
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are regaining their
old hunting grounds.
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00:00:50,550 --> 00:00:54,254
From Paris to Provence,
to the Pyrenees,
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00:00:54,254 --> 00:00:56,689
it's the rise of
a new republic.
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It has style,
it has elegance,
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00:01:00,860 --> 00:01:04,330
and a very French flair
for the wild.
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NARRATOR: Just outside Paris
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lies the great estate of
Chateau Fontainebleau --
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for centuries, the playground of
the noble kings of France.
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Generations have driven hounds
through this ancient forest.
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Their dogs have scoured
the thick undergrowth
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and rocky outcrops
a thousand times
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hoping to catch a scent of prey.
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00:02:33,920 --> 00:02:35,822
The forest of Fontainebleau,
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00:02:35,822 --> 00:02:38,791
full of oaks, pine,
and beech trees,
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has always been home to
wild things --
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and the hunters' quarry.
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Magnificent red deer.
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These two ten-point stags
are seven years old
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and have been together
all their lives.
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It's not uncommon for stags
to form partnerships,
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00:03:03,349 --> 00:03:06,586
but these particular two
have become
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00:03:06,586 --> 00:03:08,555
almost inseparable.
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00:03:11,658 --> 00:03:13,226
They work as allies,
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00:03:13,226 --> 00:03:15,261
warning each other
of danger...
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and sharing food,
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such as tender ivy
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or willow leaves.
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00:03:34,614 --> 00:03:37,383
In the hot weather
they will linger in water
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to keep cool and to get rid of
annoying midges.
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00:03:43,389 --> 00:03:46,426
It's rare for
these two fast friends
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00:03:46,426 --> 00:03:48,995
to be out of
each other's sight.
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They know their territory
very well
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and have a network of trails
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to follow.
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This comes in handy
should they need to escape from
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hunting dogs.
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There are hundreds of red deer
in Fontainebleau.
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They have no natural predators,
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so they are fair game
for hunters.
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00:04:45,418 --> 00:04:48,254
When they sense danger,
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they will flee
as fast as possible.
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Their long legs
give them an advantage
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as they plunge into
the river water
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and out of sight.
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[Dogs barking]
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The water also helps
to dilute their scent,
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00:06:03,262 --> 00:06:06,833
which dogs can trace
for hours.
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00:06:51,778 --> 00:06:53,479
These two stags
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00:06:53,479 --> 00:06:56,015
will spend the winter, spring
and summer together...
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00:07:00,720 --> 00:07:04,724
But when autumn arrives
it's a different story.
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Their antlers have lost
their velvety texture,
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00:07:14,066 --> 00:07:16,602
their coats have grown
and darkened.
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[Bellowing]
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They are now
full of testosterone
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00:07:20,339 --> 00:07:22,375
and can only think of
one thing --
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the female deer,
or "hinds."
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They mingle with
the females
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to get their scent.
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In turn, their bellows
excite the females
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and help to stimulate
their ovulation.
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[Bellowing]
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From this moment,
there will be no more sharing
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00:08:02,181 --> 00:08:04,050
between the males.
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00:08:04,050 --> 00:08:06,619
There can only be
one winner.
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00:08:06,619 --> 00:08:08,888
This is a battle
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00:08:08,888 --> 00:08:10,923
without compromise.
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00:08:10,923 --> 00:08:14,026
It will only end
when one of the males
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00:08:14,026 --> 00:08:16,796
backs down
and surrenders.
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00:08:41,387 --> 00:08:44,457
The hinds can only watch
and wait.
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[Bellowing]
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Finally,
the cry of victory.
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The females
gather around
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their triumphant hero.
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[Bellowing]
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The champion will stay with
his harem for about a month,
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fighting off any male who tries
to enter his territory.
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00:09:28,634 --> 00:09:32,405
But then,
when the mating season is over,
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all will change once again.
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Battles will be forgotten,
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and the two stags
of Fontainebleau
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will once again become
inseparable friends.
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00:09:45,785 --> 00:09:48,454
Leaving the historic
outskirts of Paris,
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we journey south, to the most
famous mountain range in Europe,
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the Alps.
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00:09:54,527 --> 00:09:58,297
Well known for its ski resorts
and stunning scenery,
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there is also plenty of
rugged room for wildlife.
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This is Ecrins National Park.
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From the top of snowy glaciers,
water rushes down,
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forming icy,
fast-flowing rivers.
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Within the lower torrents
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is a small bird with
unique abilities.
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The dipper feeds on
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insect larvae that live
in the river beds.
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Despite the freezing
temperatures
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it dives deep into
the glacial water.
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Using its wings to swim,
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it can reach depths of
six feet
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and remain there for
about fifteen seconds.
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00:10:53,819 --> 00:10:57,123
It will do this over and over,
day after day,
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in order to feed
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its insatiable young.
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00:11:15,875 --> 00:11:18,544
Moving up to
the high altitude
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pastures of these mountains,
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there is an animal that lives
below ground
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in a deep system
of underground burrows.
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These are alpine marmots.
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They come up to
the surface
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to play, mate, and feed.
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00:11:35,261 --> 00:11:39,098
They are social creatures
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and live in
small family groups.
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Alpine marmots
used to be widely hunted
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due to the belief that their fat
would ease rheumatism
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when rubbed on the skin.
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In some areas of France,
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they have been successfully
re-introduced
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00:12:00,286 --> 00:12:01,520
and are now beginning
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to flourish again.
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Marmots are
highly defensive animals
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and have developed
a kind of
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collective surveillance system.
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00:12:14,400 --> 00:12:17,737
Sentinels take turns
to guard their territory.
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With a range of different calls
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they can warn others of
any potential danger.
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[Chirping]
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There's good reason --
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the legendary
golden eagle.
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00:12:40,426 --> 00:12:43,696
The marmots' warning system
has to be good,
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00:12:43,696 --> 00:12:46,966
as the eagle is indeed
a fearsome predator.
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Eagles have existed here for
hundreds of thousands of years,
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far longer than
any human settlers.
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They have built their homes
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in the highest parts of
the mountains.
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00:13:17,163 --> 00:13:21,300
To protect their nests they can
be fiercely territorial.
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00:13:21,300 --> 00:13:24,703
If another eagle gets too close
they will fight --
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sometimes to the death.
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00:13:36,448 --> 00:13:38,417
The eagle rules the skies,
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but they are not alone
at the summit...
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Amazingly, these nimble chamois
thrive on
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a vertical existence.
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Farther south, in the peaks of
the Verdon canyon,
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a small creature can be found
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that seems almost immune to
the laws of gravity...
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[Bird calls in distance]
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The wall creeper,
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known locally as
the butterfly bird.
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Arnaud Petit
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and Stephanie Bodet
share a passion
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with this small bird
for terrifying heights.
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They are champion
European climbers.
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They brave
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the sheer and frightening
cliff faces
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inspired by a glimpse of these
undaunted little rock climbers.
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The butterfly bird
has large feet
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with solid curved claws...
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which enable it to stand
with perfect balance.
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It gets its name because of
the way it scales the cliffs,
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by fluttering
its colorful wings.
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Its wide wings
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enable it to take advantage of
the rising currents
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to effortlessly reach
great heights.
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Considerably more effort
is required by the climbers,
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and occasionally
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their balance is not
quite as perfect.
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[Stephanie gasps]
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Arnaud and Stephanie
share the nesting choice
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of the butterfly bird.
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They pitch their porta-ledge
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into the side of the cliff,
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high above
the huge emptiness below.
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Sleeping at such a great height
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is like being suspended
momentarily out of time.
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Turning north,
we head past the Alps
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to reach a low mountain chain
on the French-German border...
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the Vosges Mountains.
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Fed by waterfalls,
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a rich, green,
magical forest thrives.
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Beech, oak, spruce, and pine
grow here in abundance,
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each vying to be the biggest.
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And like a storybook,
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it's a forest that holds
quite a cast of
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interesting characters.
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On any spring morning,
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the woods are
full of birdsong
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and the comings and goings of
its most energetic resident.
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The Badger.
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Her life is organized
with great precision.
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00:18:02,448 --> 00:18:04,149
She wakes up at 7:00,
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takes care of a little business
behind the big tree at 7:05,
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breakfast at 7:10,
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00:18:10,689 --> 00:18:12,558
a quick bath at 7:15,
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00:18:12,558 --> 00:18:17,129
followed by a tour of
the property until 8:00.
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00:18:17,129 --> 00:18:20,966
Although her schedule
doesn't usually change much,
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00:18:20,966 --> 00:18:22,468
she has an important project
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that is going to
disturb her routine.
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[Labored breathing]
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It's mating season.
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She's already picked up
the scent of an eligible male,
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00:18:37,749 --> 00:18:39,218
and with that in mind,
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00:18:39,218 --> 00:18:42,454
it's time to look for a suitable
home for a family.
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00:18:42,454 --> 00:18:44,723
Like any respectable badger,
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00:18:44,723 --> 00:18:47,993
she needs a home
with one main entrance
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00:18:47,993 --> 00:18:50,295
and several secondary exits.
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00:18:50,295 --> 00:18:55,234
More important however is
finding the right terrain...
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00:18:55,234 --> 00:18:58,403
and so, digging begins.
218
00:19:02,708 --> 00:19:06,245
This won't do --
better look elsewhere.
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00:19:06,245 --> 00:19:09,615
[Animal cries]
Oops!
220
00:19:12,684 --> 00:19:16,922
And here looks just right.
221
00:19:16,922 --> 00:19:19,158
A high ceiling,
visible beams --
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00:19:19,158 --> 00:19:22,227
a fox has already done
a good part of the work.
223
00:19:22,227 --> 00:19:24,496
This will be just fine.
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00:19:30,669 --> 00:19:32,704
Our Badger knows
there are several males
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00:19:32,704 --> 00:19:34,740
that live on
the other side of the lake.
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00:19:34,740 --> 00:19:38,610
What's important
227
00:19:38,610 --> 00:19:40,746
is to avoid a fickle,
unfaithful one.
228
00:19:40,746 --> 00:19:45,050
Some males might leave the
moment the youngsters are born.
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00:19:49,755 --> 00:19:54,026
Hmm, this one
smells interesting.
230
00:19:58,096 --> 00:19:59,731
Where is he?
231
00:20:04,236 --> 00:20:05,871
With noses to the ground,
232
00:20:05,871 --> 00:20:08,607
it's still a challenge
to find each other
233
00:20:08,607 --> 00:20:11,009
in all the rocky nooks
and crannies.
234
00:20:15,681 --> 00:20:18,884
Then, there he is...
235
00:20:21,787 --> 00:20:24,556
With successful
introductions over,
236
00:20:24,556 --> 00:20:28,927
it's time to go home.
237
00:20:31,363 --> 00:20:36,668
There's a little confusion,
but our badger knows the way.
238
00:20:36,668 --> 00:20:41,240
Now, the couple can get to work
on their family home.
239
00:20:41,240 --> 00:20:43,542
They'll have to take dig out
a lot of earth
240
00:20:43,542 --> 00:20:48,347
to create galleries
on several levels.
241
00:20:48,347 --> 00:20:53,085
Soon, five young badgers
will be waking up at 7:00 am,
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00:20:53,085 --> 00:20:55,621
doing their business at 7:05,
243
00:20:55,621 --> 00:20:59,124
breakfast at 7:10,
baths at 7:15...
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00:21:01,994 --> 00:21:04,763
As a busy summer
comes to a close,
245
00:21:04,763 --> 00:21:08,533
high overhead, flocks of geese
begin their journey
246
00:21:08,533 --> 00:21:12,004
to southern climes
to spend the winter.
247
00:21:12,004 --> 00:21:15,707
Crossing the Vosges,
248
00:21:15,707 --> 00:21:19,544
they fly over the fertile
plains of Alsace.
249
00:21:19,544 --> 00:21:22,214
[Goose honks]
250
00:21:22,214 --> 00:21:28,020
It's an ancient route --
over picturesque towns
251
00:21:28,020 --> 00:21:31,823
and farms, that were settled
long ago in these rolling hills.
252
00:21:33,992 --> 00:21:39,331
The geese have medieval
landmarks to guide them.
253
00:21:39,331 --> 00:21:42,267
But mostly, they have
a remarkable homing instinct
254
00:21:42,267 --> 00:21:45,437
that brings them back to
the same area year after year,
255
00:21:45,437 --> 00:21:48,740
even when their
migration takes them
256
00:21:48,740 --> 00:21:53,045
halfway around the world.
257
00:21:53,045 --> 00:21:57,649
The youngsters take advantage of
their parents' slipstream.
258
00:21:57,649 --> 00:22:00,352
The whole family
flies in formation
259
00:22:00,352 --> 00:22:03,722
as if part of
an aerial platoon.
260
00:22:03,722 --> 00:22:06,625
This saves them all energy,
261
00:22:06,625 --> 00:22:09,761
and that helps them cover
almost 200 miles a day.
262
00:22:15,734 --> 00:22:19,871
But youngsters don't always have
the patience for long trips.
263
00:22:19,871 --> 00:22:23,475
One young female has
an independent streak.
264
00:22:27,446 --> 00:22:29,348
Instead of saving energy,
265
00:22:29,348 --> 00:22:32,851
she spends her time
doing acrobatics, playing,
266
00:22:32,851 --> 00:22:34,920
and daydreaming.
267
00:22:38,290 --> 00:22:42,394
Her constant lagging behind
and falling out of formation
268
00:22:42,394 --> 00:22:46,598
is wreaking havoc
within the group.
269
00:22:49,067 --> 00:22:50,769
But she finally falls in line
270
00:22:50,769 --> 00:22:54,706
when the family spots a perfect
place to land for the night.
271
00:23:39,151 --> 00:23:43,555
They always look for water,
stopping to rest in marshlands,
272
00:23:43,555 --> 00:23:45,624
by rivers or by lakes.
273
00:24:00,939 --> 00:24:05,377
Come dawn, they will have to
wait for the cold fog to lift
274
00:24:05,377 --> 00:24:09,815
before taking to
the air again.
275
00:24:09,815 --> 00:24:12,050
True to her independent nature,
276
00:24:12,050 --> 00:24:15,220
the young rebel has
strayed off on her own
277
00:24:15,220 --> 00:24:17,456
to explore the surroundings.
278
00:24:17,456 --> 00:24:22,194
[Geese calling]
279
00:24:22,194 --> 00:24:24,496
But as the morning clears,
she hears the family
280
00:24:24,496 --> 00:24:26,965
calling for takeoff.
281
00:24:30,869 --> 00:24:34,406
She scrambles to get there.
282
00:24:34,406 --> 00:24:36,608
Just in time.
283
00:24:52,190 --> 00:24:55,393
She needs to pay more attention
to where they're going.
284
00:24:55,393 --> 00:24:58,163
Next year,
she and all her siblings
285
00:24:58,163 --> 00:25:00,832
will be making this
journey alone.
286
00:25:27,726 --> 00:25:29,427
As the geese head south,
287
00:25:29,427 --> 00:25:32,797
we head west to a region near
the Atlantic Ocean
288
00:25:32,797 --> 00:25:35,634
called Poitou-Charentes.
289
00:25:39,604 --> 00:25:42,841
It's home to one of the largest
wetlands in France,
290
00:25:42,841 --> 00:25:46,011
known as the Poitevin Marsh.
291
00:25:47,812 --> 00:25:51,149
Here, sea water
meets fresh water.
292
00:25:51,149 --> 00:25:55,820
In a place that's
half water, half land,
293
00:25:55,820 --> 00:25:58,857
wildlife flourishes.
294
00:25:58,857 --> 00:26:01,526
In the spring,
it is teeming with new life.
295
00:26:09,167 --> 00:26:11,970
And spring for one creature here
296
00:26:11,970 --> 00:26:16,107
is a time of incredible
transformation.
297
00:26:25,951 --> 00:26:28,320
The dragonfly.
298
00:26:30,755 --> 00:26:32,958
This small larva
299
00:26:32,958 --> 00:26:35,560
has spent more than a year
under the water.
300
00:26:35,560 --> 00:26:39,698
Tonight it will undergo
an amazing metamorphosis.
301
00:26:45,136 --> 00:26:47,172
It appears to inflate
302
00:26:47,172 --> 00:26:49,174
its new body
so that it can
303
00:26:49,174 --> 00:26:52,544
break out of its old skin.
304
00:27:11,963 --> 00:27:14,032
Its new feet emerge,
305
00:27:14,032 --> 00:27:17,769
but the dragonfly
can't use them yet
306
00:27:17,769 --> 00:27:19,537
as they're still
too soft.
307
00:27:19,537 --> 00:27:22,040
It must wait
for them to harden.
308
00:27:22,040 --> 00:27:25,043
In this position,
309
00:27:25,043 --> 00:27:26,745
it's vulnerable.
310
00:27:26,745 --> 00:27:28,046
Falling now
311
00:27:28,046 --> 00:27:30,248
would be certain death.
312
00:27:41,693 --> 00:27:45,130
Not far from the dragonfly's
precarious perch,
313
00:27:45,130 --> 00:27:48,233
another new birth
is about to happen.
314
00:27:48,233 --> 00:27:50,735
These are
greater horseshoe bats,
315
00:27:50,735 --> 00:27:54,372
a protected species
across Europe.
316
00:27:54,372 --> 00:27:57,175
The bats will often roost
317
00:27:57,175 --> 00:28:00,745
in old, unused buildings
in the late spring and summer,
318
00:28:00,745 --> 00:28:04,449
going out after sunset
to hunt and feed.
319
00:28:08,520 --> 00:28:10,388
This is a maternity roost,
320
00:28:10,388 --> 00:28:13,525
and it's time for
the new babies to be born.
321
00:28:31,609 --> 00:28:35,346
For this female
the contractions have begun.
322
00:28:40,151 --> 00:28:42,821
The head appears first.
323
00:28:44,856 --> 00:28:47,792
The mother begins by
cleaning her new born.
324
00:28:47,792 --> 00:28:51,730
She licks it and frees its ears,
which were stuck to its head.
325
00:28:54,733 --> 00:28:56,367
Once the baby is free,
326
00:28:56,367 --> 00:28:58,503
it immediately begins to suckle
327
00:28:58,503 --> 00:29:01,873
and will do so for
the first month of its life.
328
00:29:01,873 --> 00:29:04,642
The mother wraps her wings
329
00:29:04,642 --> 00:29:06,678
around her precious bundle,
330
00:29:06,678 --> 00:29:09,147
protecting it
from any danger.
331
00:29:27,565 --> 00:29:29,434
Back on the moonlit water,
332
00:29:29,434 --> 00:29:33,071
the dragonfly's feet
are at last hard enough.
333
00:29:33,071 --> 00:29:36,641
Finally, it can shed the
trappings of its former self.
334
00:29:42,213 --> 00:29:47,552
Now, its soft and intricate
wings slowly unfurl.
335
00:30:23,855 --> 00:30:27,559
Early morning has arrived
336
00:30:27,559 --> 00:30:30,562
and the transformation
is complete.
337
00:30:33,598 --> 00:30:36,534
Four independent wings
338
00:30:36,534 --> 00:30:39,637
on a perfectly
aerodynamic body.
339
00:30:53,184 --> 00:30:56,921
The small larva that came out of
the water last night
340
00:30:56,921 --> 00:31:00,992
has become one of the most
sophisticated flying creatures
341
00:31:00,992 --> 00:31:03,094
in the world.
342
00:31:06,898 --> 00:31:09,601
Soon, it will find a partner
343
00:31:09,601 --> 00:31:11,703
and the cycle will
begin again.
344
00:31:27,151 --> 00:31:31,489
The Poitevin Marsh
is a fascinating area.
345
00:31:31,489 --> 00:31:34,459
It was once completely
covered with wetlands
346
00:31:34,459 --> 00:31:38,396
and full of insects.
347
00:31:38,396 --> 00:31:42,133
Around the 10th century,
348
00:31:42,133 --> 00:31:45,069
monks started the process of
drying up the swamps.
349
00:31:45,069 --> 00:31:48,473
They built dams
to stop the water rising,
350
00:31:48,473 --> 00:31:52,176
and dug canals
to evacuate rainwater
351
00:31:52,176 --> 00:31:54,379
and to free up
the fertile soil.
352
00:31:57,882 --> 00:32:01,252
The land could then be used
for agriculture.
353
00:32:01,252 --> 00:32:04,022
But down through
the centuries,
354
00:32:04,022 --> 00:32:05,990
some areas have
355
00:32:05,990 --> 00:32:07,792
remained untouched.
356
00:32:14,232 --> 00:32:18,336
Many species of birds
come to nest here.
357
00:32:25,810 --> 00:32:28,046
Within this wetlands
358
00:32:28,046 --> 00:32:30,848
there's a hidden forest which
serves as a nursery
359
00:32:30,848 --> 00:32:32,183
for a colony of herons.
360
00:32:38,089 --> 00:32:42,727
These fledglings
are three weeks old
361
00:32:42,727 --> 00:32:45,096
and are constantly hungry.
362
00:32:54,939 --> 00:32:57,342
One of the three youngsters
stands back
363
00:32:57,342 --> 00:32:58,910
while the other two devour
364
00:32:58,910 --> 00:33:02,180
everything their mother
regurgitates.
365
00:33:05,149 --> 00:33:08,886
Usually both parents will help
feed the offspring,
366
00:33:08,886 --> 00:33:11,589
but here the male
has disappeared.
367
00:33:11,589 --> 00:33:15,159
The mother has to work twice as
hard to feed her young.
368
00:33:24,035 --> 00:33:27,171
She will fly up to 20 miles
369
00:33:27,171 --> 00:33:30,641
hunting for food
in the swamps.
370
00:33:30,641 --> 00:33:33,144
Competition for fishing spots
can be fierce.
371
00:33:43,287 --> 00:33:46,724
Competition within the nest
is just as fierce.
372
00:33:46,724 --> 00:33:50,661
The two strongest chicks
have united against
373
00:33:50,661 --> 00:33:53,598
the weakest
and smallest.
374
00:33:53,598 --> 00:33:56,734
He can only eat the leftovers.
375
00:33:56,734 --> 00:33:58,836
The problem is,
there aren't any.
376
00:34:02,073 --> 00:34:03,574
A single parent
377
00:34:03,574 --> 00:34:06,444
cannot possibly feed
all three.
378
00:34:06,444 --> 00:34:09,647
Instinctively, they attack
their little brother,
379
00:34:09,647 --> 00:34:12,083
in what is a struggle
for survival.
380
00:34:24,262 --> 00:34:26,631
The weakest of the three
will die
381
00:34:26,631 --> 00:34:29,834
so that that the other two
can live.
382
00:34:29,834 --> 00:34:32,970
The laws of nature
can often seem cruel.
383
00:34:38,443 --> 00:34:41,512
Moving back to
the south of France,
384
00:34:41,512 --> 00:34:45,616
there is an area known as
the Cévennes,
385
00:34:45,616 --> 00:34:48,953
a maze of mountains,
deep valleys,
386
00:34:48,953 --> 00:34:51,122
and winding rivers.
387
00:34:59,664 --> 00:35:03,101
The river water descending
from these granite mountains
388
00:35:03,101 --> 00:35:06,938
has carved out the distinctive
contours of this stunning area.
389
00:35:06,938 --> 00:35:09,474
Over time,
390
00:35:09,474 --> 00:35:12,910
the water has dug out canyons
hundreds of feet deep.
391
00:35:15,913 --> 00:35:18,683
In the cliffs of these
spectacular canyons
392
00:35:18,683 --> 00:35:21,619
there is
an extraordinary animal,
393
00:35:21,619 --> 00:35:25,056
the griffon vulture.
394
00:35:25,056 --> 00:35:27,191
Until recent years,
395
00:35:27,191 --> 00:35:29,660
vultures had almost
completely disappeared.
396
00:35:29,660 --> 00:35:32,630
Successful re-introduction
programs have dramatically
397
00:35:32,630 --> 00:35:36,200
increased the number of
these formidable birds.
398
00:35:38,269 --> 00:35:41,239
Vultures live in colonies
and they work together
399
00:35:41,239 --> 00:35:44,175
to scavenge for food.
400
00:35:44,175 --> 00:35:48,246
It's 6:00 in the morning
and the sun hasn't as yet
401
00:35:48,246 --> 00:35:50,848
penetrated the depths
of the canyons.
402
00:35:50,848 --> 00:35:54,919
Without the sun to warm the air
403
00:35:54,919 --> 00:36:00,658
and make it rise,
the vultures do not fly.
404
00:36:00,658 --> 00:36:04,996
They may be hungry, but there's
no question of moving yet.
405
00:36:10,701 --> 00:36:12,403
At last,
406
00:36:12,403 --> 00:36:15,806
the air can carry them.
407
00:36:38,429 --> 00:36:41,732
Like an air squadron,
dozens of vultures
408
00:36:41,732 --> 00:36:44,602
fill the sky.
409
00:36:44,602 --> 00:36:47,638
The warm currents
410
00:36:47,638 --> 00:36:51,776
help them gain height.
411
00:36:51,776 --> 00:36:54,845
As part of their
scavenging strategy,
412
00:36:54,845 --> 00:36:58,316
they divide up
the territory.
413
00:36:58,316 --> 00:37:00,218
The large birds fly
several miles,
414
00:37:00,218 --> 00:37:02,119
scanning every inch of
their land,
415
00:37:02,119 --> 00:37:05,856
yet never losing sight of
the other vultures.
416
00:37:05,856 --> 00:37:10,661
If one of them spots something,
it immediately dives down.
417
00:37:13,231 --> 00:37:15,299
The other vultures
haven't seen it,
418
00:37:15,299 --> 00:37:18,369
but they've noticed that
one of them is absent.
419
00:37:18,369 --> 00:37:21,606
This means there is something
to eat down below.
420
00:37:41,092 --> 00:37:42,460
In a matter of seconds
421
00:37:42,460 --> 00:37:44,895
the entire colony gathers
at the feast.
422
00:37:44,895 --> 00:37:47,999
The work of one
benefits all.
423
00:37:55,373 --> 00:37:57,842
Each bird can now
return to its nest
424
00:37:57,842 --> 00:38:01,345
with a share of the spoils
for its youngsters.
425
00:38:01,345 --> 00:38:03,314
Vultures eat rotting carcasses,
426
00:38:03,314 --> 00:38:06,050
helping to prevent
the spread of disease,
427
00:38:06,050 --> 00:38:09,687
cleansing the wilderness.
428
00:38:09,687 --> 00:38:13,457
The return of these imposing
birds across this region
429
00:38:13,457 --> 00:38:15,660
is widely celebrated.
430
00:38:19,230 --> 00:38:22,099
To the north of
the Cévennes mountain range
431
00:38:22,099 --> 00:38:24,235
is a region called
the Lozèère.
432
00:38:24,235 --> 00:38:27,838
The mountains of the Lozèère
are home to an insect
433
00:38:27,838 --> 00:38:31,075
which is unique to this area --
a black bee.
434
00:38:33,511 --> 00:38:36,347
It is only thanks to
intensive conservation efforts
435
00:38:36,347 --> 00:38:38,049
that the pure breed
of this bee
436
00:38:38,049 --> 00:38:41,285
can still be found here.
437
00:38:41,285 --> 00:38:43,621
The bees sally forth
438
00:38:43,621 --> 00:38:45,389
using scent to locate
439
00:38:45,389 --> 00:38:47,725
a source of nectar.
440
00:38:50,461 --> 00:38:53,230
These flower loving insects
are workaholics,
441
00:38:53,230 --> 00:38:56,634
and they all
work together.
442
00:38:56,634 --> 00:38:58,903
When a successful forager
443
00:38:58,903 --> 00:39:02,373
returns to the hive, it passes
the scent of the flowers
444
00:39:02,373 --> 00:39:06,944
to its nest mates to help them
find the same patch of blossoms.
445
00:39:06,944 --> 00:39:09,280
Through a series of dances,
it indicates
446
00:39:09,280 --> 00:39:11,916
the direction, distance,
and even the quantity
447
00:39:11,916 --> 00:39:14,518
of pollen available.
448
00:39:14,518 --> 00:39:17,655
But every bee has to earn
449
00:39:17,655 --> 00:39:19,957
the right to forage.
450
00:39:19,957 --> 00:39:22,059
It starts out as a cleaner,
a nursemaid,
451
00:39:22,059 --> 00:39:24,061
and then a builder,
452
00:39:24,061 --> 00:39:27,565
before finally being promoted
to nectar gatherer.
453
00:39:27,565 --> 00:39:29,567
Then, after only thirty days,
454
00:39:29,567 --> 00:39:34,305
it will fall to the ground,
struck down by exhaustion.
455
00:39:34,305 --> 00:39:38,242
Its short life is dedicated to
the good of the hive
456
00:39:38,242 --> 00:39:42,480
and the all-important production
of golden honey.
457
00:39:47,952 --> 00:39:50,855
Lozèère is the source of
many rivers,
458
00:39:50,855 --> 00:39:54,091
the most famous of which
is the river Tarn.
459
00:40:02,900 --> 00:40:06,270
In the spring, the Tarn is at
its most powerful,
460
00:40:06,270 --> 00:40:08,939
with exciting,
fast flowing torrents.
461
00:40:17,214 --> 00:40:18,916
Within this river is a creature
462
00:40:18,916 --> 00:40:21,619
which is beginning to make
a comeback in France.
463
00:40:26,090 --> 00:40:30,428
The otter.
464
00:40:32,129 --> 00:40:34,064
With its streamlined body,
465
00:40:34,064 --> 00:40:37,501
the otter is a skillful
submarine predator.
466
00:40:37,501 --> 00:40:39,336
It has powerful
webbed feet,
467
00:40:39,336 --> 00:40:41,305
and whiskers
that help it detect
468
00:40:41,305 --> 00:40:45,176
the slightest movement of
any underwater prey.
469
00:40:56,620 --> 00:41:01,125
The otters' stretch of the river
runs for 25 miles.
470
00:41:01,125 --> 00:41:04,695
Otters are a threatened species
across Europe,
471
00:41:04,695 --> 00:41:06,697
but with the help of
protection laws
472
00:41:06,697 --> 00:41:08,766
and the improvement of
water quality,
473
00:41:08,766 --> 00:41:10,100
there is evidence that
474
00:41:10,100 --> 00:41:11,969
their numbers are
gradually recovering.
475
00:41:17,908 --> 00:41:21,178
Not everyone in the river
is enthusiastic about this.
476
00:41:21,178 --> 00:41:22,947
Otters have healthy appetites.
477
00:41:39,663 --> 00:41:42,900
But a healthy river
with a vibrant predator
478
00:41:42,900 --> 00:41:45,436
is good for everyone
in the end.
479
00:41:50,107 --> 00:41:53,844
A hundred miles off
the southeastern coast of France
480
00:41:53,844 --> 00:41:57,581
in the Mediterranean Sea
lies the island of Corsica.
481
00:42:01,285 --> 00:42:05,689
Two-thirds of this majestic
island is made up of mountains
482
00:42:05,689 --> 00:42:09,660
which form one single chain
along its entire length.
483
00:42:17,601 --> 00:42:20,471
And a peninsula
on its west coast
484
00:42:20,471 --> 00:42:24,341
has been set aside as
the Scandola Nature Reserve.
485
00:42:24,341 --> 00:42:25,843
It's famous for
486
00:42:25,843 --> 00:42:29,680
its high red cliffs
that rise 3,000 feet
487
00:42:29,680 --> 00:42:31,448
out of the sea,
488
00:42:31,448 --> 00:42:33,183
and its almost
inaccessible
489
00:42:33,183 --> 00:42:36,253
islets and coves.
490
00:42:52,036 --> 00:42:55,806
Scandola is one of the oldest
reserves in France
491
00:42:55,806 --> 00:42:58,609
and a UNESCO
World Heritage Site.
492
00:42:58,609 --> 00:43:00,578
It's been strictly protected
493
00:43:00,578 --> 00:43:03,981
in order to return the area
to its natural state.
494
00:43:18,062 --> 00:43:20,965
The sea conceals
another
495
00:43:20,965 --> 00:43:23,067
extraordinary landscape.
496
00:43:23,067 --> 00:43:24,568
Scandola Reserve
497
00:43:24,568 --> 00:43:26,370
guards one of
the Mediterranean's
498
00:43:26,370 --> 00:43:29,106
most important ecosystems.
499
00:43:29,106 --> 00:43:31,575
It's a favorite spawning ground
500
00:43:31,575 --> 00:43:33,510
for many kinds of fish.
501
00:43:33,510 --> 00:43:37,214
The eggs laid here
are carried by the current
502
00:43:37,214 --> 00:43:38,749
outside the limits
of the reserve
503
00:43:38,749 --> 00:43:40,250
and help nurture
504
00:43:40,250 --> 00:43:42,252
all the neighboring
marine life.
505
00:43:42,252 --> 00:43:47,024
And it's the home of
a once endangered fish --
506
00:43:47,024 --> 00:43:49,760
the grouper.
507
00:43:51,929 --> 00:43:55,666
The grouper would normally live
on the sea floor
508
00:43:55,666 --> 00:43:58,969
at depths of up to
a thousand feet,
509
00:43:58,969 --> 00:44:01,438
but here, it can be seen
much closer to the surface.
510
00:44:01,438 --> 00:44:05,009
Groupers are born female,
511
00:44:05,009 --> 00:44:09,747
but by the age of sixteen,
they change sex to become male.
512
00:44:09,747 --> 00:44:13,017
As part of their courtship,
the males change color
513
00:44:13,017 --> 00:44:17,755
as a means of seduction.
514
00:44:17,755 --> 00:44:21,091
Gatherings of groupers are
returning to the Mediterranean,
515
00:44:21,091 --> 00:44:23,293
all made possible
516
00:44:23,293 --> 00:44:25,896
by the protection of
Scandola Reserve.
517
00:44:30,267 --> 00:44:32,736
Close to the reserve is a beach
518
00:44:32,736 --> 00:44:35,706
where fresh water
joins the sea --
519
00:44:35,706 --> 00:44:38,008
the Fango Delta.
520
00:44:38,008 --> 00:44:39,543
In these natural ponds,
521
00:44:39,543 --> 00:44:42,046
there lives a creature
that has existed
522
00:44:42,046 --> 00:44:43,547
for millions of years --
523
00:44:43,547 --> 00:44:48,419
the turtle.
524
00:44:48,419 --> 00:44:50,688
Although found in
many different places,
525
00:44:50,688 --> 00:44:52,056
the European pond turtle
526
00:44:52,056 --> 00:44:54,291
is under threat from
water pollution
527
00:44:54,291 --> 00:44:55,726
and habitat destruction.
528
00:44:55,726 --> 00:44:58,595
Its numbers
have been declining.
529
00:44:58,595 --> 00:45:03,600
Here, though,
it appears to be flourishing.
530
00:45:03,600 --> 00:45:06,704
As a cold-blooded reptile,
531
00:45:06,704 --> 00:45:11,175
it needs a dose of solar energy
to warm up.
532
00:45:11,175 --> 00:45:13,677
But this shy species
will dive right back into water
533
00:45:13,677 --> 00:45:16,213
if disturbed.
534
00:45:22,686 --> 00:45:26,857
Here, it hunts for
fish, insects, or mollusks.
535
00:45:32,262 --> 00:45:35,566
It is the mating season,
and the courtship technique
536
00:45:35,566 --> 00:45:38,068
of the turtle
is a curious one.
537
00:45:38,068 --> 00:45:44,141
The male approaches
the female suddenly...
538
00:45:44,141 --> 00:45:45,743
pinning her in place,
539
00:45:45,743 --> 00:45:48,645
biting her face and neck
as they mate.
540
00:45:48,645 --> 00:45:50,981
If he's not careful,
the technique can inflict
541
00:45:50,981 --> 00:45:52,483
serious injuries
542
00:45:52,483 --> 00:45:55,819
on the female.
543
00:45:55,819 --> 00:45:58,822
It's brutal,
and she struggles not to drown,
544
00:45:58,822 --> 00:46:01,925
but somehow, they manage to
continue the line.
545
00:46:05,996 --> 00:46:09,933
[Buzzing]
546
00:46:09,933 --> 00:46:13,070
Moving inland towards
the center of Corsica,
547
00:46:13,070 --> 00:46:16,206
the terrain is full of
dense, thorny bushes.
548
00:46:16,206 --> 00:46:18,876
To survive in this
prickly environment,
549
00:46:18,876 --> 00:46:22,513
you need a very
thick skin.
550
00:46:30,287 --> 00:46:33,023
The king of this terrain
551
00:46:33,023 --> 00:46:35,259
is the wild boar.
552
00:46:38,295 --> 00:46:41,298
Most wild boars
553
00:46:41,298 --> 00:46:44,668
live in close knit groups
of around twenty.
554
00:46:44,668 --> 00:46:49,273
They're mostly families of
females and their young.
555
00:46:49,273 --> 00:46:53,243
Females will normally have
between four and eight babies
556
00:46:53,243 --> 00:46:57,447
and they are
very protective mothers.
557
00:46:57,447 --> 00:47:01,518
Boars are scavengers
558
00:47:01,518 --> 00:47:03,520
and eat almost anything
they come across,
559
00:47:03,520 --> 00:47:05,789
including grass, nuts,
560
00:47:05,789 --> 00:47:09,026
roots, even small reptiles.
561
00:47:16,667 --> 00:47:19,269
During the mating season,
562
00:47:19,269 --> 00:47:22,039
large solitary males will travel
across the countryside
563
00:47:22,039 --> 00:47:23,574
in search of female groups.
564
00:47:29,446 --> 00:47:32,482
They are capable of covering
several miles
565
00:47:32,482 --> 00:47:34,785
of varied and difficult terrain
every day.
566
00:47:36,520 --> 00:47:38,922
This breeding strategy
567
00:47:38,922 --> 00:47:41,225
tests their strength
and endurance.
568
00:47:41,225 --> 00:47:43,827
It helps to maintain
a strong population,
569
00:47:43,827 --> 00:47:46,330
not just here on the island
of Corsica,
570
00:47:46,330 --> 00:47:49,233
but across
the whole of France.
571
00:47:52,502 --> 00:47:55,239
Heading north,
we return to the mainland,
572
00:47:55,239 --> 00:47:59,176
where the rising mountains meet
the warm Mediterranean weather.
573
00:48:01,712 --> 00:48:08,051
[Thunder crashing]
574
00:48:13,290 --> 00:48:15,592
In the foothills of the Alps,
575
00:48:15,592 --> 00:48:19,730
the deep forest can be
a scary place for little ones.
576
00:48:35,846 --> 00:48:37,180
It's early spring,
577
00:48:37,180 --> 00:48:40,550
and these two wolf cubs
are just three weeks old.
578
00:48:42,686 --> 00:48:45,923
It's the first time they have
ventured out of their dark den
579
00:48:45,923 --> 00:48:48,125
to see their surroundings.
580
00:48:48,125 --> 00:48:50,127
They will need to learn
581
00:48:50,127 --> 00:48:54,798
who is friend and who is foe
in their forest home.
582
00:49:00,537 --> 00:49:03,874
As daylight comes,
there's a whole new world
583
00:49:03,874 --> 00:49:05,809
above their den to explore.
584
00:49:07,844 --> 00:49:10,080
But the cubs are afraid.
585
00:49:16,653 --> 00:49:19,856
Their parents return
to check on them.
586
00:49:32,836 --> 00:49:35,439
The pups are cared for
by all members of the pack,
587
00:49:35,439 --> 00:49:38,709
but their mother is
the most important to them.
588
00:49:38,709 --> 00:49:41,611
[Whimpering, grunting]
589
00:49:44,614 --> 00:49:47,918
Wolves were hunted almost to
extinction in France
590
00:49:47,918 --> 00:49:50,387
in the 1930s.
591
00:49:50,387 --> 00:49:52,322
Now, a protected species,
592
00:49:52,322 --> 00:49:54,825
and their numbers
are on the rise.
593
00:50:05,635 --> 00:50:09,940
By winter, the small cubs
will be almost fully grown
594
00:50:09,940 --> 00:50:12,909
and ready to travel
with the pack
595
00:50:12,909 --> 00:50:15,312
into a returning wilderness.
596
00:50:23,920 --> 00:50:28,392
Our journey comes to an end
in the west, in the Pyrenees,
597
00:50:28,392 --> 00:50:32,129
a mountain stronghold
between France and Spain.
598
00:50:32,129 --> 00:50:34,264
High in this tilted terrain,
599
00:50:34,264 --> 00:50:38,769
the brown bear
is also making a comeback.
600
00:50:38,769 --> 00:50:42,806
By the 1930s,
these fearsome bears
601
00:50:42,806 --> 00:50:45,609
were all but gone
from the French landscape.
602
00:50:45,609 --> 00:50:47,544
Now, a small number
have been
603
00:50:47,544 --> 00:50:49,479
re-introduced
into these mountains.
604
00:50:54,251 --> 00:50:57,020
Here, bears find
a seasonal abundance
605
00:50:57,020 --> 00:50:59,156
of wild foods
606
00:50:59,156 --> 00:51:00,757
as they roam
their old haunts.
607
00:51:00,757 --> 00:51:04,728
[Bear grunting]
608
00:51:04,728 --> 00:51:06,196
They will eat insects,
609
00:51:06,196 --> 00:51:09,232
berries, plants,
610
00:51:09,232 --> 00:51:12,469
and fish --
helping to restore a world
611
00:51:12,469 --> 00:51:14,438
that was slipping away.
612
00:51:29,052 --> 00:51:31,188
Bears, wolves,
613
00:51:31,188 --> 00:51:35,826
vultures, and otters --
these are more than
614
00:51:35,826 --> 00:51:39,529
wonderful animals,
more than mere symbols.
615
00:51:46,603 --> 00:51:48,872
These are creatures
616
00:51:48,872 --> 00:51:51,508
that make a place whole.
617
00:51:51,508 --> 00:51:55,545
They bring back
a natural balance.
618
00:51:55,545 --> 00:51:59,282
And they are helping France
find its way
619
00:51:59,282 --> 00:52:02,052
to living with the wild.
620
00:52:12,929 --> 00:52:14,798
Next time, on "Nature"...
from Papua New Guinea
and the Jordanian desert,
621
00:52:14,798 --> 00:52:16,433
to England's rugged hills
622
00:52:16,433 --> 00:52:17,667
and the Arctic Circle,
623
00:52:17,667 --> 00:52:19,836
one animal made
an indelible mark...
624
00:52:19,836 --> 00:52:22,372
MAN: Without them,
we would have never survived
625
00:52:22,372 --> 00:52:24,307
Without them,
we wouldn't be here.
626
00:52:24,307 --> 00:52:26,776
These amazing creatures
followed us,
627
00:52:26,776 --> 00:52:29,346
understood us,
and we made them our own.
628
00:52:29,346 --> 00:52:32,782
Now, science takes us to where
the story began, and asks,
629
00:52:32,782 --> 00:52:36,153
"Is there a motherland for dogs
that changed the world?"
47171
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