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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:08,360 --> 00:00:11,320 AMBIENT MUSIC PLAYS 2 00:00:18,560 --> 00:00:23,000 Hidden away in a corner of Mexico City, a reclusive artist lived and 3 00:00:23,000 --> 00:00:25,160 worked for more than half a century. 4 00:00:31,040 --> 00:00:34,800 She was revered by the Mexican art world, but never courted publicity, 5 00:00:34,800 --> 00:00:37,120 and was little-known overseas. 6 00:00:42,160 --> 00:00:46,400 Surprisingly, she was English, and her name was Leonora Carrington. 7 00:00:50,840 --> 00:00:54,840 Now, 100 years since her birth, the spotlight is at last upon her... 8 00:00:56,680 --> 00:01:00,160 ..and her work is being celebrated worldwide by museums 9 00:01:00,160 --> 00:01:02,040 and high-profile admirers. 10 00:01:03,040 --> 00:01:05,000 Collectors are starting to take note. 11 00:01:08,000 --> 00:01:11,280 But what story lay behind this forgotten artist 12 00:01:11,280 --> 00:01:13,720 who is inspiring a new generation? 13 00:01:14,920 --> 00:01:18,480 Leonora had once been at the epicentre of Surrealism, 14 00:01:18,480 --> 00:01:20,600 Europe's most revolutionary art scene... 15 00:01:23,320 --> 00:01:26,680 and had rubbed shoulders with the greats of 20th-century art. 16 00:01:34,080 --> 00:01:37,800 What led this woman, who conquered Paris in the 1930s, 17 00:01:37,800 --> 00:01:40,520 to a life in exile so far from home? 18 00:01:42,960 --> 00:01:44,400 As it turned out, 19 00:01:44,400 --> 00:01:47,320 hers was a very strange and extraordinary story indeed. 20 00:01:48,480 --> 00:01:53,520 Well, I think it's never too late to mend... 21 00:01:53,520 --> 00:01:56,560 to mend the fact that I'm ignored in my own country. 22 00:02:10,080 --> 00:02:13,000 AMBIENT MUSIC PLAYS 23 00:02:37,360 --> 00:02:42,000 My mother had imaginary and real worlds, 24 00:02:42,000 --> 00:02:44,360 sort of juxtaposed. 25 00:02:47,120 --> 00:02:51,960 She didn't feel that one was as alien to the other. 26 00:02:53,800 --> 00:02:59,720 And my mother felt that there was always fantastic in the real 27 00:02:59,720 --> 00:03:02,160 and the other way round... 28 00:03:04,560 --> 00:03:07,720 ..and the mysterious was always around the corner. 29 00:03:10,880 --> 00:03:14,120 I was never entirely sure which side of the canvas she was on. 30 00:03:16,480 --> 00:03:19,640 She seemed, in her mind, to inhabit 31 00:03:19,640 --> 00:03:22,120 the places that she painted and the 32 00:03:22,120 --> 00:03:24,560 creatures that she drew, they were 33 00:03:24,560 --> 00:03:26,320 just like extensions of her life. 34 00:03:32,320 --> 00:03:36,680 Everything came from dreams she had had, 35 00:03:36,680 --> 00:03:40,080 in some way interpreted into the canvas. 36 00:03:42,880 --> 00:03:47,040 We can look at those pictures of hers and walk around inside them and 37 00:03:47,040 --> 00:03:49,760 meet these strange creatures that are there. 38 00:03:49,760 --> 00:03:53,160 They're usually quite benign, some of them are a bit scary. 39 00:03:57,040 --> 00:04:00,480 But it's the sort of creatures that I would be very glad to meet in my 40 00:04:00,480 --> 00:04:01,920 own dreams. 41 00:04:08,640 --> 00:04:11,600 I always had access to other worlds, like we all do. 42 00:04:11,600 --> 00:04:13,200 We all sleep, we all dream. 43 00:04:18,960 --> 00:04:21,280 That kind of feeling that you have in childhood, 44 00:04:21,280 --> 00:04:23,680 of things being very mysterious. 45 00:04:23,680 --> 00:04:26,120 PIANO MUSIC PLAYS 46 00:04:27,240 --> 00:04:29,520 Do you think anybody escapes their childhood? 47 00:04:30,840 --> 00:04:32,160 I don't think we do. 48 00:04:43,360 --> 00:04:49,960 Well, what my mother told me about growing up in England was how she 49 00:04:49,960 --> 00:04:54,360 would create a whole world of her own, 50 00:04:54,360 --> 00:04:56,640 because she was a pretty solitary 51 00:04:56,640 --> 00:04:58,520 little girl. 52 00:05:01,680 --> 00:05:05,720 She grew up as the only girl in a family with three brothers. 53 00:05:08,320 --> 00:05:12,920 They played together, but they didn't include her much. 54 00:05:12,920 --> 00:05:18,240 So, she had to build her own universe, let's say. 55 00:05:20,240 --> 00:05:24,080 CHILD'S VOICE: Now you must know, Moskoski is not on Earth. 56 00:05:24,080 --> 00:05:27,960 It is on a little planet called Starvinski. 57 00:05:29,360 --> 00:05:31,800 Dragons Of Moskoski, chapter one. 58 00:05:31,800 --> 00:05:34,280 CHIRPING AND CHATTERING 59 00:05:34,280 --> 00:05:36,720 EERIE MINIMAL MUSIC 60 00:05:36,720 --> 00:05:40,600 Horiptus is found on the north-west coast of Java. 61 00:05:40,600 --> 00:05:42,240 Feeds on millet oil seed. 62 00:05:45,400 --> 00:05:47,800 INSECTS BUZZ 63 00:05:53,200 --> 00:05:57,680 Her father was a very, very wealthy owner of a textile mill, 64 00:05:57,680 --> 00:05:59,600 called Harold Carrington, 65 00:05:59,600 --> 00:06:02,880 and her mother was the daughter of an Irish doctor. 66 00:06:04,840 --> 00:06:09,400 When Leonora was three, they rented this really stupendous house, 67 00:06:09,400 --> 00:06:11,000 called Crookhey Hall. 68 00:06:13,320 --> 00:06:15,720 CAWING 69 00:06:18,360 --> 00:06:21,720 It was a kind of dark, rather exciting place. 70 00:06:24,280 --> 00:06:27,600 EERIE BIRDCALLS 71 00:06:27,600 --> 00:06:32,200 There was a lake. We had a myth that it was bottomless, 72 00:06:32,200 --> 00:06:34,880 and we weren't allowed to go there alone. 73 00:06:34,880 --> 00:06:37,800 DOG BARKS 74 00:06:37,800 --> 00:06:42,160 We did think that there was a ghost in the tower. 75 00:06:42,160 --> 00:06:44,440 EERIE WAILING 76 00:07:11,080 --> 00:07:14,760 Her brothers went to boarding school when they were quite young. 77 00:07:14,760 --> 00:07:18,480 Leonora stayed at home until she was about 11 or 12. 78 00:07:18,480 --> 00:07:21,280 And, of course, she was isolated, as she didn't have any sisters. 79 00:07:21,280 --> 00:07:23,720 She was all alone in the nursery with the French governess. 80 00:07:30,920 --> 00:07:34,040 She was called Mademoiselle Coutable. 81 00:07:34,040 --> 00:07:35,920 She never liked me. 82 00:07:37,760 --> 00:07:39,440 I had temper tantrums. 83 00:07:48,160 --> 00:07:50,320 CHILD'S VOICE: Seen standing in space, 84 00:07:50,320 --> 00:07:53,560 soft blue and green feathers around its neck. 85 00:07:53,560 --> 00:07:54,960 Peacock. 86 00:07:59,480 --> 00:08:02,080 Notes: birds, etc. 87 00:08:02,080 --> 00:08:06,240 Seen while asleep. Seen alive on a plate. 88 00:08:06,240 --> 00:08:09,520 Like salad. Coloured green and blue. 89 00:08:09,520 --> 00:08:12,040 Wet like a frog, and wriggly. 90 00:08:16,920 --> 00:08:20,160 When she got to, I think, 11, she did go away to school. 91 00:08:20,160 --> 00:08:22,880 She went to two Catholic boarding schools. 92 00:08:35,960 --> 00:08:38,920 I was expelled from two schools. 93 00:08:39,920 --> 00:08:41,760 Both convents. 94 00:08:43,480 --> 00:08:46,440 I think I was mainly expelled for not collaborating. 95 00:08:49,200 --> 00:08:52,920 I had a kind of allergy to collaboration. 96 00:08:52,920 --> 00:08:56,520 The Mother Superior wrote a letter saying, 97 00:08:56,520 --> 00:09:03,720 "This child is neither capable of study or play, 98 00:09:03,720 --> 00:09:06,680 "and hence we are returning her to you." 99 00:09:09,840 --> 00:09:13,960 My grandmother got us some watercolours at first, 100 00:09:13,960 --> 00:09:17,640 and apparently it was a rather complex set of colours. 101 00:09:17,640 --> 00:09:19,480 It wasn't just a cheap set. 102 00:09:27,200 --> 00:09:31,240 My grandmother was probably the most 103 00:09:31,240 --> 00:09:34,720 instrumental person in that stage, 104 00:09:34,720 --> 00:09:38,680 because my grandfather was not very 105 00:09:38,680 --> 00:09:41,920 enthusiastic about her activities, 106 00:09:41,920 --> 00:09:43,480 and her imagery. 107 00:09:48,480 --> 00:09:50,720 But my grandmother was a Celt, 108 00:09:50,720 --> 00:09:54,760 so she thought this was perfectly natural. 109 00:09:54,760 --> 00:09:57,720 In a way, Leonora's whole world 110 00:09:57,720 --> 00:10:01,680 started to grow when she was very little. 111 00:10:01,680 --> 00:10:06,120 All this magical Celtic world that her mother told her about. 112 00:10:06,120 --> 00:10:11,240 And she had these little paintings of fairy tales in her room, that she 113 00:10:11,240 --> 00:10:12,840 kept all her life. 114 00:10:16,360 --> 00:10:20,920 With my grandfather, the relationship was not as close. 115 00:10:20,920 --> 00:10:26,320 He felt that he had to represent discipline and 116 00:10:26,320 --> 00:10:28,640 all those things. 117 00:10:30,720 --> 00:10:33,760 I felt him to be a very powerful presence. 118 00:10:35,040 --> 00:10:37,400 I remember how frightened I was of him. 119 00:10:39,320 --> 00:10:41,320 My mother, I think, 120 00:10:41,320 --> 00:10:44,840 had a sort of love-hate relationship with my grandfather. 121 00:10:46,520 --> 00:10:49,120 He was strict, but he was fair. 122 00:10:50,160 --> 00:10:55,840 I think he provided a sort of counterbalance to my grandmother, 123 00:10:55,840 --> 00:10:58,400 in terms of Leonora. 124 00:10:58,400 --> 00:11:02,520 But she later came into conflict with him. 125 00:11:04,520 --> 00:11:07,160 FOOTSTEPS 126 00:11:12,960 --> 00:11:17,600 He wanted for her to be a certain way, 127 00:11:17,600 --> 00:11:20,080 a certain upbringing, 128 00:11:20,080 --> 00:11:23,120 a certain social behaviour and so on. 129 00:11:23,120 --> 00:11:25,640 REMOTE LAUGHTER AND VOICES 130 00:11:27,160 --> 00:11:31,360 Certainly, after maybe 16 or 17, 131 00:11:31,360 --> 00:11:35,560 she was reluctant to be a model of what he wanted. 132 00:11:46,160 --> 00:11:50,720 Leonora's father was in the process of becoming very wealthy, very fast. 133 00:11:50,720 --> 00:11:53,000 They were nouveau riche, and they knew it. 134 00:11:53,000 --> 00:11:55,360 They wanted all the trappings of wealth. 135 00:12:02,040 --> 00:12:03,840 In a family like that, 136 00:12:03,840 --> 00:12:06,880 everything rests on who the daughter of the family marries. 137 00:12:08,400 --> 00:12:10,520 In this family, there was only one daughter, 138 00:12:10,520 --> 00:12:14,040 so who she married could have carried that family up into the 139 00:12:14,040 --> 00:12:16,200 higher social echelons, as it were. 140 00:12:17,240 --> 00:12:23,800 Well, they wanted me to conform to the life of horses and hunt balls 141 00:12:23,800 --> 00:12:28,560 and being well considered by the local gentry, I suppose. 142 00:12:28,560 --> 00:12:29,880 That sort of thing. 143 00:12:31,160 --> 00:12:35,760 So, Leonora went to live in London, to be launched into society, 144 00:12:35,760 --> 00:12:38,040 to come out as a debutante. 145 00:12:38,040 --> 00:12:41,920 This was one of my grandfather's plans, to present her to the King. 146 00:12:43,800 --> 00:12:46,440 So they gussied her up and dressed 147 00:12:46,440 --> 00:12:49,640 her in these silk garments and so on. 148 00:12:53,400 --> 00:12:55,000 I wrote. 149 00:12:55,000 --> 00:12:57,280 There are lots of stories there. 150 00:12:57,280 --> 00:13:02,080 The Debutante was a book that I wrote afterwards 151 00:13:02,080 --> 00:13:03,760 about my experiences. 152 00:13:07,600 --> 00:13:11,120 "When I was a debutante, I often went to the zoo. 153 00:13:11,120 --> 00:13:14,400 "The animal I got to know best was a young hyena. 154 00:13:17,040 --> 00:13:19,480 " 'What a bloody nuisance,' I said to her. 155 00:13:19,480 --> 00:13:21,840 " 'I've got to go to my ball tonight.' 156 00:13:21,840 --> 00:13:24,520 " 'You're lucky,' she said, 'I'd love to go.' 157 00:13:27,920 --> 00:13:30,520 " 'Ring for your maid, and when she comes in, 158 00:13:30,520 --> 00:13:33,080 " 'we'll pounce upon her and tear off her face. 159 00:13:33,080 --> 00:13:35,840 " 'I'll wear her face tonight, instead of mine.' 160 00:13:35,840 --> 00:13:38,320 " 'It's not practical,' I said. 'She'll probably die.' 161 00:13:40,200 --> 00:13:43,560 " 'Somebody will certainly find the corpse, and we'll be put in prison.' 162 00:13:44,680 --> 00:13:47,520 " 'I'm hungry enough to eat her,' the hyena replied. 163 00:13:47,520 --> 00:13:50,640 " 'And the bones?' 'As well,' she said. 164 00:13:54,960 --> 00:13:57,880 "My mother entered, pale with rage. 165 00:13:57,880 --> 00:14:01,280 " 'We'd just sat down at table,' she said, 'when that thing, 166 00:14:01,280 --> 00:14:04,120 'sitting in your place, got up and shouted, 167 00:14:04,120 --> 00:14:08,240 " 'So, I smell a bit strong, what? Well, I don't eat cakes.' 168 00:14:08,240 --> 00:14:11,120 " 'Whereupon it tore off its face and ate it, 169 00:14:11,120 --> 00:14:14,800 " 'and, with one great bound, disappeared through the window.' " 170 00:14:17,800 --> 00:14:20,760 She said it was torture. 171 00:14:22,440 --> 00:14:26,240 That was maybe the last time Leonora ever did as she was told. 172 00:14:29,040 --> 00:14:31,960 CRUNCHING AND CHATTER OF DINERS 173 00:14:48,920 --> 00:14:51,840 Her family have been seen as this upper-class family, 174 00:14:51,840 --> 00:14:54,560 but they were not an upper-class family. 175 00:14:54,560 --> 00:14:56,800 They were a family who didn't fit in. 176 00:15:01,880 --> 00:15:04,440 I think that's key to understanding Leonora. 177 00:15:07,040 --> 00:15:10,080 Leonora, from her earliest times, didn't fit in. 178 00:15:23,960 --> 00:15:27,520 The thing about Harold Carrington was that he came from a family 179 00:15:27,520 --> 00:15:29,800 where women would have known their place. 180 00:15:29,800 --> 00:15:31,320 Men were the workers, they went out, 181 00:15:31,320 --> 00:15:33,320 women stayed at home and did as they were told. 182 00:15:33,320 --> 00:15:36,400 He wasn't used to anybody answering him back, 183 00:15:36,400 --> 00:15:39,320 and the one person who did answer him back was the person he least 184 00:15:39,320 --> 00:15:41,960 would have expected - his only daughter. 185 00:15:41,960 --> 00:15:44,640 And I think that was a big shock for Harold. 186 00:15:44,640 --> 00:15:47,960 And I think that led to the very big clash between them. 187 00:15:49,120 --> 00:15:53,920 She used to say that her father was very stern and very severe, 188 00:15:53,920 --> 00:15:57,040 but I think she cared very much about her father. 189 00:15:57,040 --> 00:16:02,480 She said that her father was very narrow-minded and very difficult, 190 00:16:02,480 --> 00:16:07,040 but she spoke more about her father than about her mother. 191 00:16:07,040 --> 00:16:09,880 There were no marriage proposals, unsurprisingly. 192 00:16:09,880 --> 00:16:12,600 And I think her parents were probably at a bit of a loose end as 193 00:16:12,600 --> 00:16:14,880 to what to do with her next, 194 00:16:14,880 --> 00:16:18,080 and I think that she came up with this idea of going to art school. 195 00:16:21,680 --> 00:16:26,640 I was planning of going to London to study painting. 196 00:16:28,280 --> 00:16:29,600 I already knew that. 197 00:16:37,080 --> 00:16:40,880 For Leonora, this was the beginning of freedom for her. 198 00:16:42,520 --> 00:16:44,320 She was at art school, 199 00:16:44,320 --> 00:16:47,160 and she was mixing with a different sort of person. 200 00:16:52,240 --> 00:16:55,840 She found that she was an artist. 201 00:16:57,880 --> 00:17:00,840 She found that she wanted to study art. 202 00:17:03,400 --> 00:17:06,960 And she found Surrealism, 203 00:17:06,960 --> 00:17:12,120 and Surrealism was something that surprised her, 204 00:17:12,120 --> 00:17:15,680 because it was so familiar. 205 00:17:20,600 --> 00:17:24,560 My mother gave me Herbert Read's book on Surrealism, 206 00:17:24,560 --> 00:17:27,360 and I had an affinity with it. 207 00:17:30,040 --> 00:17:31,800 She opened that book, 208 00:17:31,800 --> 00:17:34,960 and she connected with Surrealism, and in particular 209 00:17:34,960 --> 00:17:38,360 she connected with the pictures she saw in there 210 00:17:38,360 --> 00:17:40,560 by an artist called Max Ernst. 211 00:17:44,360 --> 00:17:46,560 Deux Enfants Sont Menacs Par Un Rossignol. 212 00:17:49,120 --> 00:17:52,400 Two Children Being Frightened Of... 213 00:17:52,400 --> 00:17:55,200 Rossignol is for the nightingale, isn't it? 214 00:17:59,160 --> 00:18:02,680 I felt, "Ah, yes, this is familiar. 215 00:18:02,680 --> 00:18:04,360 "I know what this is about." 216 00:18:05,440 --> 00:18:09,920 A kind of world which would move between worlds. 217 00:18:09,920 --> 00:18:13,800 The world of our dreaming and imagination. 218 00:18:19,800 --> 00:18:23,240 It was a seismic moment in the art world. 219 00:18:29,320 --> 00:18:31,160 The public of Britain was just struggling to 220 00:18:31,160 --> 00:18:32,960 cope with the Post-Impressionists, 221 00:18:32,960 --> 00:18:36,640 and suddenly here were all these people who were regarded as madmen. 222 00:18:37,720 --> 00:18:41,560 Critics recommended they should be locked up, to protect the public. 223 00:18:46,160 --> 00:18:48,280 My mother saw these paintings, and 224 00:18:48,280 --> 00:18:50,600 she was really fascinated with them, 225 00:18:50,600 --> 00:18:54,280 and she confessed to me, "I want to be there... 226 00:18:57,560 --> 00:19:00,240 "I want to be recognised in this group." 227 00:19:25,560 --> 00:19:27,320 One evening, 228 00:19:27,320 --> 00:19:32,360 she's invited for dinner to the home of a friend of hers from art school, 229 00:19:32,360 --> 00:19:36,000 and they had invited an artist who was in London because he had a show 230 00:19:36,000 --> 00:19:38,960 on at the time, and that was Max Ernst. 231 00:19:40,480 --> 00:19:44,280 They both met, and something really must have clicked very significantly 232 00:19:44,280 --> 00:19:46,000 for her. 233 00:19:49,960 --> 00:19:51,960 I knew his work and admired it. 234 00:19:51,960 --> 00:19:55,120 I thought he was a very extraordinary person. 235 00:19:57,120 --> 00:19:59,400 He was very intelligent. 236 00:19:59,400 --> 00:20:00,880 He was also very attractive. 237 00:20:05,120 --> 00:20:08,280 She said it didn't take very long before they were lovers. 238 00:20:18,760 --> 00:20:21,280 Her father, having heard about this relationship, 239 00:20:21,280 --> 00:20:24,440 and obviously incandescent at the turn of events, 240 00:20:24,440 --> 00:20:28,920 decided to try and get Max arrested for the content of the show. 241 00:20:28,920 --> 00:20:31,840 So he called someone at the Metropolitan Police and said that he 242 00:20:31,840 --> 00:20:34,640 thought they needed to investigate this man, Max Ernst, 243 00:20:34,640 --> 00:20:36,880 because his images were pornographic. 244 00:20:41,920 --> 00:20:46,720 Max, at that time, was married, and this did not help things. 245 00:20:48,600 --> 00:20:50,800 But Max's friends, I think, 246 00:20:50,800 --> 00:20:53,440 rather liked Leonora, 247 00:20:53,440 --> 00:20:56,880 and were kind of encouraging and supporting of her. 248 00:20:59,000 --> 00:21:01,480 And among those friends, of course, were my parents, 249 00:21:01,480 --> 00:21:04,840 Lee Miller and Roland Penrose, who took to her right from the start. 250 00:21:06,800 --> 00:21:12,080 Fortunately, Max's friend Roland Penrose got to hear of this threat 251 00:21:12,080 --> 00:21:17,400 and warned Max to go to Cornwall, where Roland's brother had a house. 252 00:21:18,680 --> 00:21:20,840 Max and Leonora came down, 253 00:21:20,840 --> 00:21:23,840 and there was also Man Ray and Ady Fidelin 254 00:21:23,840 --> 00:21:28,600 and Eileen Agar and Joseph Bard, and Henry Moore showed up. 255 00:21:28,600 --> 00:21:30,920 And it was just this amazing, 256 00:21:30,920 --> 00:21:34,080 wonderful 'Surrealism in Cornwall' moment. 257 00:21:38,400 --> 00:21:40,680 They basically laid low for three or four weeks, 258 00:21:40,680 --> 00:21:42,160 until the danger had passed. 259 00:21:43,920 --> 00:21:45,600 Max went to Paris, 260 00:21:45,600 --> 00:21:49,120 and Leonora went to find her parents, to tell them that she had 261 00:21:49,120 --> 00:21:51,280 made a decision on her future. 262 00:21:55,680 --> 00:21:59,720 I suppose it was the culmination of everything he'd had to put up with 263 00:21:59,720 --> 00:22:05,040 from Leonora. Of all her rebellion over so many years, 264 00:22:05,040 --> 00:22:09,080 and now she was coming to say that she was going off to live in Paris 265 00:22:09,080 --> 00:22:12,480 with a married man, a penniless artist. 266 00:22:12,480 --> 00:22:14,280 He was absolutely furious. 267 00:22:16,480 --> 00:22:21,520 And he said to her, "Never obscure the threshold of my house again!" 268 00:22:22,840 --> 00:22:25,120 And that's the last she saw him. 269 00:22:30,560 --> 00:22:32,120 I just left. 270 00:22:33,720 --> 00:22:35,120 I just left! 271 00:22:37,600 --> 00:22:39,920 Paris was very exciting at that time. 272 00:22:41,880 --> 00:22:43,840 I was in love. 273 00:22:43,840 --> 00:22:48,440 I was with someone who was also an extremely interesting person. 274 00:22:49,480 --> 00:22:52,800 I was working and seeing new places. 275 00:22:55,120 --> 00:22:57,680 I knew it was better than being in a convent. 276 00:22:59,640 --> 00:23:03,120 Paris must have been a wonderful moment for Leonora, 277 00:23:03,120 --> 00:23:06,720 like emerging into the sunlight of really what the rest of her life 278 00:23:06,720 --> 00:23:08,400 would be about. 279 00:23:15,120 --> 00:23:18,400 It was a very, very, very exciting moment in Paris, 280 00:23:18,400 --> 00:23:22,640 because the Surrealist movement was at its height. 281 00:23:24,560 --> 00:23:28,520 When I was with the Surrealists, I didn't have to fit in to anything. 282 00:23:30,680 --> 00:23:34,600 Well, Surrealism was much more than just an art movement. 283 00:23:34,600 --> 00:23:36,160 It was a way of life. 284 00:23:38,240 --> 00:23:42,480 They were trying to live in that world of imagination that Leonora 285 00:23:42,480 --> 00:23:45,240 was living in since she was a little child. 286 00:23:45,240 --> 00:23:47,640 So I think she fit in perfectly. 287 00:23:50,760 --> 00:23:52,800 This was a group of radicals. 288 00:23:54,000 --> 00:23:56,760 They were against every single institution. 289 00:23:59,000 --> 00:24:01,480 Society, the government, the Church. 290 00:24:03,920 --> 00:24:06,320 They wanted to break with every rule. 291 00:24:07,720 --> 00:24:09,440 It was anti-bourgeois. 292 00:24:10,880 --> 00:24:13,960 It was anti the very thing that Leonora had just herself 293 00:24:13,960 --> 00:24:15,800 escaped from. 294 00:24:15,800 --> 00:24:20,800 So she couldn't have been in a more marvellous and exciting setting than 295 00:24:20,800 --> 00:24:22,600 she found herself there in Paris. 296 00:24:24,480 --> 00:24:26,600 Leonora was a now 20-year-old woman, 297 00:24:26,600 --> 00:24:28,960 and because she was the lover of Max Ernst, 298 00:24:28,960 --> 00:24:32,560 she was kind of parachuted into the very centre of that circle. 299 00:24:34,800 --> 00:24:39,080 I saw a lot of the Surrealists, including Breton. 300 00:24:41,560 --> 00:24:44,320 He had a way of talking... 301 00:24:41,560 --> 00:24:44,320 SHE SPEAKS FRENCH 302 00:24:45,880 --> 00:24:49,720 He seemed pompous, but he wasn't really pompous. 303 00:24:49,720 --> 00:24:52,560 I'd take the mickey out of him now and again. 304 00:24:52,560 --> 00:24:54,760 I liked Picasso. 305 00:24:54,760 --> 00:24:56,920 I also admired him. 306 00:24:56,920 --> 00:25:01,760 I didn't go overboard, but I thought that he was very talented. 307 00:25:03,680 --> 00:25:06,440 People like Picasso lived down the road, 308 00:25:06,440 --> 00:25:10,320 and she said that finally she'd discovered... 309 00:25:12,320 --> 00:25:16,120 ..kin people, kin minds, 310 00:25:16,120 --> 00:25:18,000 people who thought the way she did. 311 00:25:20,640 --> 00:25:24,600 I think being around Max showed Leonora, in a way, 312 00:25:24,600 --> 00:25:27,040 what was possible, 313 00:25:27,040 --> 00:25:31,000 but of course, being a woman, she had a lot to push against. 314 00:25:36,320 --> 00:25:39,840 Because, although the Surrealists were these fantastic avant-garde, 315 00:25:39,840 --> 00:25:41,960 modern, freethinking people, 316 00:25:41,960 --> 00:25:44,920 they still had a long way to go before they reconstructed their 317 00:25:44,920 --> 00:25:46,680 ideas about women. 318 00:25:52,360 --> 00:25:56,240 And for many of them, women were sort of like muses, 319 00:25:56,240 --> 00:25:59,120 beautiful creatures that were there to give inspiration, 320 00:25:59,120 --> 00:26:00,880 sex and a jolly time. 321 00:26:01,880 --> 00:26:04,640 They didn't take them seriously as artists. 322 00:26:11,080 --> 00:26:14,880 Well, the concept of female 323 00:26:14,880 --> 00:26:19,160 in the group was the "femme-enfant", 324 00:26:19,160 --> 00:26:22,600 which is cute, but derogatory. 325 00:26:22,600 --> 00:26:27,760 And women were not really considered to be contributors 326 00:26:27,760 --> 00:26:29,960 in terms of art. 327 00:26:33,400 --> 00:26:38,320 But my mother ignored all that and scoffed, scoffed at it. 328 00:26:40,400 --> 00:26:44,760 It was very clear that she did not share those beliefs, 329 00:26:44,760 --> 00:26:46,880 and she was very much a feminist. 330 00:26:46,880 --> 00:26:48,400 Very much. 331 00:26:50,040 --> 00:26:51,920 She refused to be a muse. 332 00:26:51,920 --> 00:26:55,360 She refused to fit into their idea of what she was. 333 00:26:55,360 --> 00:26:58,320 And of course, she had plenty of experience of refusing to fit in, 334 00:26:58,320 --> 00:26:59,920 it's what she'd done all her life. 335 00:26:59,920 --> 00:27:02,880 She wasn't going to fit into the Surrealists' idea of how she should 336 00:27:02,880 --> 00:27:05,600 behave any more than she had ever fitted into anything else. 337 00:27:25,360 --> 00:27:31,040 She always had to remind people that she was an artist, 338 00:27:31,040 --> 00:27:35,960 and that she was a woman, and she had her own ideas about her art, 339 00:27:35,960 --> 00:27:39,640 and she was not a muse 340 00:27:39,640 --> 00:27:43,440 for either Max Ernst or for Breton or anybody else. 341 00:27:45,680 --> 00:27:48,360 Leonora and Max were stayed in Paris for a few months over, I think, 342 00:27:48,360 --> 00:27:50,920 the winter of 1937-8. 343 00:27:50,920 --> 00:27:53,920 They then went to live in the south of France, 344 00:27:53,920 --> 00:27:56,640 in a town called Saint-Martin-d'Ardeche. 345 00:28:02,280 --> 00:28:06,400 Well, Max, you see, it was almost like a learning process, 346 00:28:06,400 --> 00:28:10,600 because he knew all sorts of things I'd never heard of, 347 00:28:10,600 --> 00:28:13,480 so it was a revelation, no? 348 00:28:14,680 --> 00:28:16,960 And it was a love affair, also. 349 00:28:21,000 --> 00:28:25,040 I felt that we would be all right if it went on forever. 350 00:28:28,840 --> 00:28:31,160 She was extremely happy. 351 00:28:31,160 --> 00:28:35,800 This is, in her own words, her happiest time in her life. 352 00:28:38,760 --> 00:28:40,880 She told me this, 353 00:28:40,880 --> 00:28:44,800 and that Max had been the greatest 354 00:28:44,800 --> 00:28:46,680 love in her life, 355 00:28:46,680 --> 00:28:49,280 at the exclusion of anybody else. 356 00:28:57,560 --> 00:29:01,120 They'd had this idyllic year or so in the south of France, 357 00:29:01,120 --> 00:29:04,520 and then the War crashed into their world and changed everything. 358 00:29:32,240 --> 00:29:37,080 All of a sudden, the French start rounding up people 359 00:29:37,080 --> 00:29:40,240 of German extraction, and putting them in prison. 360 00:29:42,600 --> 00:29:45,600 Max was put by the French in a concentration camp. 361 00:29:46,800 --> 00:29:48,600 I eventually... 362 00:29:48,600 --> 00:29:50,360 I eventually went mad. 363 00:29:52,840 --> 00:29:55,680 My mother was destroyed by this. 364 00:29:55,680 --> 00:29:57,600 It was too much for her. 365 00:29:57,600 --> 00:30:01,840 She had a breakdown, and at that precise moment she was visited by a 366 00:30:01,840 --> 00:30:07,240 friend from England who was obviously very worried by her state, 367 00:30:07,240 --> 00:30:11,000 and persuaded her to leave Saint-Martin with her in her car, 368 00:30:11,000 --> 00:30:12,600 and to go with her to Spain. 369 00:30:15,760 --> 00:30:18,360 She found her in a terrible state. 370 00:30:18,360 --> 00:30:20,600 She hadn't eaten in days, 371 00:30:20,600 --> 00:30:24,640 and she was eating roots or something like that from the garden, 372 00:30:24,640 --> 00:30:28,480 and in a very bad emotional state. 373 00:30:28,480 --> 00:30:31,360 They put her in a car and took her away. 374 00:30:32,520 --> 00:30:35,040 "No, no, no! I have to wait for Max!" 375 00:30:35,040 --> 00:30:38,040 "I'm sorry, I'm sorry but the Germans are coming." 376 00:30:38,040 --> 00:30:41,760 And they were, like, 13 miles away, or something like that, 377 00:30:41,760 --> 00:30:43,960 and they just got in the car and left. 378 00:30:51,320 --> 00:30:54,840 She was completely destroyed. 379 00:30:54,840 --> 00:31:00,120 So, I think it was my grandfather that decided that it would be best 380 00:31:00,120 --> 00:31:02,960 to put her in a mental institution. 381 00:31:05,040 --> 00:31:08,640 Best for whom, I don't know, but that... 382 00:31:08,640 --> 00:31:11,200 that was a "family decision". 383 00:31:14,320 --> 00:31:18,640 The solution that was found was that she should be taken to a sanatorium 384 00:31:18,640 --> 00:31:22,000 for people who had mental illness, in the north of Spain. 385 00:31:23,320 --> 00:31:25,600 She was tricked into going there, basically. 386 00:31:25,600 --> 00:31:29,240 She was told that she was going for a day out to the seaside. 387 00:31:29,240 --> 00:31:31,920 The doctor went with her, she was drugged on the way there, 388 00:31:31,920 --> 00:31:34,920 and she woke up in this place that she, all her life, 389 00:31:34,920 --> 00:31:36,440 called "the asylum". 390 00:31:38,720 --> 00:31:41,440 That was the beginning of the darkest chapter, really, 391 00:31:41,440 --> 00:31:42,840 in her life. 392 00:31:52,160 --> 00:31:55,200 "My first awakening to consciousness was painful. 393 00:31:56,240 --> 00:31:59,160 "I thought myself the victim of an automobile accident. 394 00:32:03,280 --> 00:32:06,280 "The place was suggestive of a hospital, 395 00:32:06,280 --> 00:32:09,280 "and I was being watched by a repulsive-looking nurse 396 00:32:09,280 --> 00:32:11,240 "who looked like an enormous bottle of Lysol. 397 00:32:12,800 --> 00:32:15,840 "I was in pain, and I realised that my hands and feet 398 00:32:15,840 --> 00:32:17,720 "were bound by leather straps. 399 00:32:19,200 --> 00:32:23,000 "I learned later that I had entered the place, fighting like a tigress." 400 00:32:25,760 --> 00:32:29,280 It was the treatment she received there that was so terrible. 401 00:32:29,280 --> 00:32:33,720 She was treated by being given a drug called Cardiosol, 402 00:32:33,720 --> 00:32:35,800 which induced an epileptic fit. 403 00:32:41,200 --> 00:32:44,640 "I don't know how long I remained bound and naked. 404 00:32:44,640 --> 00:32:49,480 "Several days and nights lying in my own excrement, urine and sweat, 405 00:32:49,480 --> 00:32:52,800 "tortured by mosquitoes whose stings made my body hideous. 406 00:32:54,240 --> 00:32:58,080 "A new era began with the most terrible, blackest day of my life. 407 00:32:59,120 --> 00:33:02,720 "How can I write this when I'm afraid to think about it? 408 00:33:02,720 --> 00:33:04,320 "I'm in terrible anguish, 409 00:33:04,320 --> 00:33:07,240 "yet I cannot continue living alone with such a memory. 410 00:33:08,320 --> 00:33:11,800 "I know that once I've written it down, I shall be delivered. 411 00:33:11,800 --> 00:33:15,800 "But shall I be able to express with mere words the horror of that day? 412 00:33:21,720 --> 00:33:23,960 "A stranger entered my room. 413 00:33:23,960 --> 00:33:26,600 "He carried in his hand a physician's bag of black leather. 414 00:33:29,600 --> 00:33:32,200 "Each of them got hold of a portion of my body, 415 00:33:32,200 --> 00:33:35,560 "and I saw the centre of all their eyes were fixed upon me in a ghastly 416 00:33:35,560 --> 00:33:40,120 "stare. Don Luis's eyes were tearing my brain apart, 417 00:33:40,120 --> 00:33:42,960 "and I was sinking down into a well, very far. 418 00:33:44,080 --> 00:33:47,520 "The bottom of that well was the stopping of my mind for all eternity 419 00:33:47,520 --> 00:33:49,840 "in the essence of utter anguish. 420 00:33:51,160 --> 00:33:54,160 "With a convulsion of my vital centre, 421 00:33:54,160 --> 00:33:57,000 "I came up to the surface so quickly, I had vertigo. 422 00:33:58,480 --> 00:34:00,960 "When I came to, I was lying naked on the floor. 423 00:34:02,200 --> 00:34:04,880 "I went back to my bed and tasted despair." 424 00:34:26,960 --> 00:34:29,440 I think that experience sealed her. 425 00:34:30,760 --> 00:34:34,120 Sealed her life, the rest of her life, no? 426 00:34:34,120 --> 00:34:40,960 And the fact that it was in some way an order of her father, no? 427 00:34:40,960 --> 00:34:48,080 So, you see there, families worked in a very peculiar way, there, and 428 00:34:48,080 --> 00:34:53,080 I don't think Leonora ever really forgave that. 429 00:35:02,280 --> 00:35:05,720 I came out...different. 430 00:35:05,720 --> 00:35:07,760 Much more frightened. 431 00:35:13,760 --> 00:35:16,680 What it mainly did for me, in a conscious way, 432 00:35:16,680 --> 00:35:20,680 was to have suddenly become aware that I was both mortal 433 00:35:20,680 --> 00:35:24,160 and touchable, and I could be destroyed. 434 00:35:26,840 --> 00:35:28,560 I didn't think so before. 435 00:35:36,720 --> 00:35:38,560 She was still only in her early 20s. 436 00:35:40,200 --> 00:35:42,640 She was really completely alone. 437 00:35:44,880 --> 00:35:47,520 I was frightened, so frightened all the time. 438 00:35:50,440 --> 00:35:54,120 My family wanted me to go back to England, 439 00:35:54,120 --> 00:35:56,000 so it was, you know... 440 00:35:57,840 --> 00:36:00,480 I didn't want to go back then. 441 00:36:06,840 --> 00:36:10,720 Leonora ended up meeting Renato Leduc. 442 00:36:12,120 --> 00:36:16,800 Renato must have been a terribly nice man who undoubtedly took a 443 00:36:16,800 --> 00:36:20,480 great deal of interest in trying to save Leonora, 444 00:36:20,480 --> 00:36:23,120 because he realised that she was a very special person. 445 00:36:25,240 --> 00:36:30,000 He married her, to get her a Mexican passport, 446 00:36:30,000 --> 00:36:31,880 just simply to save her life. 447 00:36:34,440 --> 00:36:37,000 He actually got me out of Europe, Renato. 448 00:36:39,000 --> 00:36:41,800 I met him in Madrid. 449 00:36:41,800 --> 00:36:44,560 He worked in the Mexican Embassy, 450 00:36:44,560 --> 00:36:48,520 and the whole Mexican Embassy left to come back to Mexico. 451 00:36:51,480 --> 00:36:56,360 She decided to go to Mexico, and she didn't know a word of Spanish. 452 00:36:56,360 --> 00:37:00,120 She had no idea how she would live, 453 00:37:00,120 --> 00:37:04,080 and she went on this great adventure of going to a country she had 454 00:37:04,080 --> 00:37:07,760 never...she didn't even imagine what it could be like. 455 00:37:18,480 --> 00:37:23,120 Once you cross the border and you arrive in Mexico, 456 00:37:23,120 --> 00:37:26,080 you will feel that you are coming to a place that's haunted. 457 00:37:27,320 --> 00:37:29,720 Spirits, the presence of spirits. 458 00:37:30,760 --> 00:37:32,120 Whatever spirits are. 459 00:37:34,120 --> 00:37:36,880 It was like going to the other end of the earth. 460 00:37:38,520 --> 00:37:43,200 It is very extraordinary, and very...very exotic. 461 00:37:44,720 --> 00:37:49,240 Sometimes I found it marvellous, sometimes I found it horrifying. 462 00:37:51,320 --> 00:37:55,600 There's a lot of similarities between the ancient Mexican 463 00:37:55,600 --> 00:37:59,480 civilisations and the Celtic cultures. 464 00:38:05,400 --> 00:38:10,400 There's this concept of Surrealism we have, of imagination, freedom, 465 00:38:10,400 --> 00:38:13,000 magic as a way of life, 466 00:38:13,000 --> 00:38:15,840 and I think that resonated with her own culture. 467 00:38:30,040 --> 00:38:33,320 Mexico became a refuge. 468 00:38:34,760 --> 00:38:38,160 She found it painful 469 00:38:38,160 --> 00:38:40,800 to leave Europe, and she was always 470 00:38:40,800 --> 00:38:43,360 nostalgic about Europe. 471 00:38:43,360 --> 00:38:47,680 But then she made a life in Mexico. 472 00:38:56,040 --> 00:38:59,600 But Leonora didn't know anybody, clearly, in Mexico City, 473 00:38:59,600 --> 00:39:02,800 and suddenly found herself all alone there. 474 00:39:02,800 --> 00:39:05,400 Renato seems like he was probably quite a man's man, 475 00:39:05,400 --> 00:39:07,480 liked going out to bars, the cantinas, 476 00:39:07,480 --> 00:39:10,000 and understandably, she wasn't very happy. 477 00:39:10,000 --> 00:39:12,080 PIANO MUSIC PLAYS 478 00:39:14,360 --> 00:39:20,600 Renato was a nice man, but he had an attitude 479 00:39:20,600 --> 00:39:25,160 which was that it didn't matter if I was alone, you know, 480 00:39:25,160 --> 00:39:28,440 most days of the week, without speaking Spanish... 481 00:39:30,080 --> 00:39:31,920 ..and not knowing anybody. 482 00:39:34,720 --> 00:39:37,440 I think it was more than just a marriage of convenience, 483 00:39:37,440 --> 00:39:41,320 but it didn't have the deep roots that a relationship needs, to go 484 00:39:41,320 --> 00:39:43,000 through many, many years. 485 00:39:45,800 --> 00:39:47,920 I asked Renato, 486 00:39:47,920 --> 00:39:51,840 "Why did you separate such an extraordinary woman?" and he said, 487 00:39:51,840 --> 00:39:54,800 "Because she would talk to the dog more than she did to me." 488 00:39:57,640 --> 00:40:01,760 Leonora settled into Mexico, 489 00:40:01,760 --> 00:40:04,880 into a Mexico where a great number of intellectuals 490 00:40:04,880 --> 00:40:08,200 were coming to Mexico at the time, 491 00:40:08,200 --> 00:40:11,800 of all nationalities and all races, 492 00:40:11,800 --> 00:40:15,520 and Leonora undoubtedly found a very interesting life 493 00:40:15,520 --> 00:40:17,320 in which to live. 494 00:40:18,600 --> 00:40:21,240 Now, did that make her happy? 495 00:40:21,240 --> 00:40:23,120 God only knows. 496 00:40:24,680 --> 00:40:28,680 She made new friends there, and they were, crucially, 497 00:40:28,680 --> 00:40:32,360 other people like her, who had fled from wartime Europe and who had no 498 00:40:32,360 --> 00:40:35,080 family, and most of those people, 499 00:40:35,080 --> 00:40:38,760 who became her closest friends in Mexico City, 500 00:40:38,760 --> 00:40:41,200 would never see their families again, any of them. 501 00:40:45,600 --> 00:40:48,400 At one of the parties, she met my father... 502 00:40:50,080 --> 00:40:53,080 and the way she describes it, she says, 503 00:40:53,080 --> 00:40:58,160 "I decided this man would be a good father for my children." 504 00:40:58,160 --> 00:41:00,480 That's how she described him. 505 00:41:02,680 --> 00:41:04,520 Nothing more, just that. 506 00:41:06,240 --> 00:41:10,320 Chiki was a Hungarian photographer 507 00:41:10,320 --> 00:41:14,280 who had fled Hungary and made 508 00:41:14,280 --> 00:41:17,000 his way to Paris on foot after 509 00:41:17,000 --> 00:41:20,280 witnessing from the window of his apartment, 510 00:41:20,280 --> 00:41:23,960 with his mother, a parade of Nazis going by, saying... 511 00:41:23,960 --> 00:41:27,520 you know, flourishing knives and saying they were after Jewish blood. 512 00:41:33,840 --> 00:41:37,360 Leonora and Chiki were both people who'd ended up in Mexico from 513 00:41:37,360 --> 00:41:40,840 war-torn Europe. They were both people who'd left their families 514 00:41:40,840 --> 00:41:43,040 behind. Chiki's family were mostly dead. 515 00:41:44,160 --> 00:41:47,640 They were at an exciting moment, in a way, in their lives, 516 00:41:47,640 --> 00:41:52,120 because they were there in this new country and they were young people, 517 00:41:52,120 --> 00:41:57,280 and Chiki, unlike Leonora's previous lovers, was a younger man. 518 00:41:59,360 --> 00:42:02,840 I think she liked Chiki, no? At the beginning. 519 00:42:02,840 --> 00:42:06,600 He was good-looking, and Chiki was always a very, 520 00:42:06,600 --> 00:42:09,440 very good man, but he was very shy. 521 00:42:12,200 --> 00:42:17,360 And so they got together and married after a little while, 522 00:42:17,360 --> 00:42:21,480 and then my brother appeared, and I appeared. 523 00:42:27,080 --> 00:42:32,480 I believe motherhood was the most amazing experience she ever had. 524 00:42:32,480 --> 00:42:37,960 She told me once that having children was, for her, so important, 525 00:42:37,960 --> 00:42:42,800 because it's the only unconditional love you can have in your life. 526 00:42:42,800 --> 00:42:45,800 She said, "They are the only ones that will never leave you." 527 00:42:50,920 --> 00:42:53,560 When she was pregnant, she was scared, 528 00:42:53,560 --> 00:42:55,840 but she was painting like crazy. 529 00:43:04,240 --> 00:43:08,280 This creative instinct came to her at the same time of being able to 530 00:43:08,280 --> 00:43:09,960 create life. 531 00:43:21,440 --> 00:43:26,400 And I think that gave her a very powerful sense. 532 00:43:26,400 --> 00:43:29,600 I think her best work did come at the time when she was painting with 533 00:43:29,600 --> 00:43:31,920 the brush in one hand and the baby in the other. 534 00:43:55,400 --> 00:43:57,360 She probably adored her kids. 535 00:43:59,640 --> 00:44:02,480 In fact, I would say, she did love her kids, 536 00:44:02,480 --> 00:44:04,400 but in Leonora's own way. 537 00:44:05,800 --> 00:44:09,600 Certainly not in the traditional way that a normal mother would have 538 00:44:09,600 --> 00:44:11,000 loved her kids. 539 00:44:12,600 --> 00:44:15,080 I think she was terrified that, if 540 00:44:15,080 --> 00:44:17,600 she loved them the way her parents 541 00:44:17,600 --> 00:44:19,960 loved her, they would be as unhappy 542 00:44:19,960 --> 00:44:22,320 as she had become with her parents. 543 00:44:24,720 --> 00:44:27,240 AMBIENT MUSIC PLAYS 544 00:44:46,520 --> 00:44:49,760 She realised, when she had Gaby and Pablo, 545 00:44:49,760 --> 00:44:52,600 how important this new family was 546 00:44:52,600 --> 00:44:54,880 going to be to her, because she was 547 00:44:54,880 --> 00:44:57,560 somebody who'd left her family behind. 548 00:44:57,560 --> 00:45:00,520 She realised that she was going to have a second chance at family, 549 00:45:00,520 --> 00:45:03,600 and she was determined that that second chance was going to go a lot 550 00:45:03,600 --> 00:45:05,800 better than the first chance had gone. 551 00:45:12,120 --> 00:45:16,520 I don't think she could have loved two children more than my brother 552 00:45:16,520 --> 00:45:18,360 and myself. 553 00:45:18,360 --> 00:45:20,720 I don't think that would have been possible. 554 00:45:22,040 --> 00:45:25,000 And my father was the same, in a different way. 555 00:45:26,880 --> 00:45:30,200 He was a little more realistic in 556 00:45:30,200 --> 00:45:33,120 terms of getting us to get through 557 00:45:33,120 --> 00:45:36,240 school without flunking and things. 558 00:45:36,240 --> 00:45:41,120 He instilled a little discipline into this marvellous world 559 00:45:41,120 --> 00:45:43,600 that we were enjoying. 560 00:45:47,960 --> 00:45:50,120 The boys were very near her. 561 00:45:50,120 --> 00:45:54,800 The boys were always walking, one on this side, one on this other side, 562 00:45:54,800 --> 00:45:56,800 and always with her. 563 00:45:58,080 --> 00:46:00,360 She shut herself in her studio, 564 00:46:00,360 --> 00:46:02,440 but we used to open the door and come in. 565 00:46:06,320 --> 00:46:10,320 She would say, "I need to work, so be very quiet. 566 00:46:10,320 --> 00:46:12,640 "Here's a piece of paper. Draw." 567 00:46:12,640 --> 00:46:14,360 And that's how I started drawing. 568 00:46:19,920 --> 00:46:23,160 Sometimes it was dreadfully difficult. 569 00:46:23,160 --> 00:46:27,320 She was paralysed and desperate, 570 00:46:27,320 --> 00:46:30,240 that no images came, 571 00:46:30,240 --> 00:46:32,520 and it was barren, 572 00:46:32,520 --> 00:46:35,720 and she was extremely depressed sometimes. 573 00:46:35,720 --> 00:46:38,680 But sometimes it just flowed, like that, 574 00:46:38,680 --> 00:46:43,080 and she was very excited, and she wouldn't leave the studio, because 575 00:46:43,080 --> 00:46:45,360 there were so many things coming. 576 00:46:57,880 --> 00:47:01,240 Leonora was always very reluctant to 577 00:47:01,240 --> 00:47:04,240 talk about her work, about her art. 578 00:47:04,240 --> 00:47:07,320 She would never explain what anything meant. 579 00:47:07,320 --> 00:47:09,240 She just said, "It just came that way." 580 00:47:14,400 --> 00:47:17,680 She didn't do anything to promote her career. 581 00:47:17,680 --> 00:47:20,800 She was totally foreign to anything 582 00:47:20,800 --> 00:47:23,560 resembling public relations. 583 00:47:23,560 --> 00:47:28,680 She did the work and put it out, you know, in public, and that was it. 584 00:47:31,360 --> 00:47:34,560 It's difficult for me to put, verbally. 585 00:47:34,560 --> 00:47:37,240 I leave that to all the people who do the writing. 586 00:47:40,400 --> 00:47:43,920 It comes with a feeling more than an image. 587 00:47:43,920 --> 00:47:47,440 It's not that you actually see it. 588 00:47:47,440 --> 00:47:51,800 There's a kind of sense that it's quite right. 589 00:47:53,600 --> 00:47:55,720 Let's say, that green was quite right. 590 00:47:55,720 --> 00:47:59,080 Or that green was, oh, no, no, not quite right. 591 00:47:59,080 --> 00:48:01,440 Then you don't stop to wonder where that's coming from. 592 00:48:11,000 --> 00:48:14,400 To be an artist, it was so natural in her, no? 593 00:48:14,400 --> 00:48:16,960 And to be famous, she didn't like at all. 594 00:48:16,960 --> 00:48:20,120 She didn't like journalism, she didn't like... 595 00:48:20,120 --> 00:48:22,960 She hated interviews. She didn't like questions, 596 00:48:22,960 --> 00:48:25,560 she never even answered them. 597 00:48:25,560 --> 00:48:30,240 I don't think she was really that much interested in the art market. 598 00:48:30,240 --> 00:48:34,000 Of course, she wanted to sell the paintings, because she needed money 599 00:48:34,000 --> 00:48:37,440 to eat and to raise the kids and to feed them, 600 00:48:37,440 --> 00:48:42,520 but I don't think she was that interested in the public recognition 601 00:48:42,520 --> 00:48:46,160 of her work. That was part of her life. 602 00:48:46,160 --> 00:48:49,200 I don't think she could have survived without painting. 603 00:49:09,120 --> 00:49:13,280 She would use any kind of little room for her painting. 604 00:49:13,280 --> 00:49:18,440 It was not important to have a studio, like many of the other 605 00:49:18,440 --> 00:49:21,440 quote-unquote "great artists" had. 606 00:49:25,040 --> 00:49:28,360 She had a little studio upstairs, 607 00:49:28,360 --> 00:49:33,880 a very poor little studio with electricity and things that were all 608 00:49:33,880 --> 00:49:36,920 like this, you know? Cords all the... 609 00:49:36,920 --> 00:49:38,960 Very... Things... You said, "My goodness!" 610 00:49:38,960 --> 00:49:41,000 And the rain, it got in. 611 00:49:41,000 --> 00:49:44,480 And she had a very uncomfortable chair. 612 00:49:44,480 --> 00:49:48,360 Everything was, sort of, very difficult and uncomfortable, 613 00:49:48,360 --> 00:49:50,280 and that's where she painted. 614 00:49:52,520 --> 00:49:54,240 But it was very funny, 615 00:49:54,240 --> 00:49:58,640 because you saw all these Mexican painters, that weren't 10% as good 616 00:49:58,640 --> 00:50:02,560 as she could be, that had all these enormous studios, 617 00:50:02,560 --> 00:50:05,960 horrible white studios full of horrible paintings, 618 00:50:05,960 --> 00:50:10,360 and she had this, and she was doing all this marvellous painting, no? 619 00:50:10,360 --> 00:50:12,000 In this little room. 620 00:50:14,200 --> 00:50:19,080 I think it's in Mexico that she found her real way, artistically 621 00:50:19,080 --> 00:50:22,880 speaking, because that's where she had, I think, 622 00:50:22,880 --> 00:50:28,320 enough time to dedicate herself fully to what she was. 623 00:50:28,320 --> 00:50:29,840 An artist. 624 00:50:31,040 --> 00:50:33,400 She'd kind of run and run and run and run and run, 625 00:50:33,400 --> 00:50:35,320 and she got to the end of the line, really. 626 00:50:35,320 --> 00:50:36,920 There was nowhere else to run to. 627 00:50:40,720 --> 00:50:43,440 She could have gone back, but she was never going to do that. 628 00:50:43,440 --> 00:50:45,360 And there was nowhere else to go. 629 00:50:59,160 --> 00:51:02,360 Did she want to go back to England? 630 00:51:02,360 --> 00:51:08,160 Well, she was terribly homesick and nostalgic, 631 00:51:08,160 --> 00:51:12,920 so her relationship to England was always sort of a 632 00:51:12,920 --> 00:51:14,960 lost home. 633 00:51:33,920 --> 00:51:36,800 Well, a home is a kind of illusion a lot of us have. 634 00:51:41,800 --> 00:51:44,160 Being settled doesn't exist, really. 635 00:51:47,120 --> 00:51:48,880 I need change. 636 00:51:51,280 --> 00:51:56,160 Because I get sort of suffocated by my own atmosphere... 637 00:51:57,960 --> 00:51:59,840 or things that become too familiar. 638 00:52:04,480 --> 00:52:07,880 She never quite 639 00:52:07,880 --> 00:52:10,920 fitted anywhere. 640 00:52:10,920 --> 00:52:13,640 Not England, not Mexico. 641 00:52:13,640 --> 00:52:18,080 I don't think she was comfortable anywhere, that's the truth, 642 00:52:18,080 --> 00:52:22,960 and if there was one country where my mother was very comfortable, 643 00:52:22,960 --> 00:52:25,840 was art. Hmm? 644 00:52:25,840 --> 00:52:27,760 That was her country. 645 00:52:56,160 --> 00:53:02,560 Even though she may have never accepted this, I told her myself - 646 00:53:02,560 --> 00:53:08,400 "Mexico has received you with open arms, 647 00:53:08,400 --> 00:53:11,920 which would never have happened in Europe. 648 00:53:11,920 --> 00:53:13,280 Never. 649 00:53:15,760 --> 00:53:20,360 Well, Leonora is considered one of the greatest Mexican painters. 650 00:53:20,360 --> 00:53:23,920 She's always been considered a Mexican artist. 651 00:53:26,200 --> 00:53:31,080 Even though she was born in England, for us, she is our artist. 652 00:53:31,080 --> 00:53:36,200 She belongs to Mexico, and she has always been recognised here. 653 00:53:36,200 --> 00:53:38,280 She's always had a very good name. 654 00:53:42,600 --> 00:53:47,600 Leonora's work is so unique, and I think that's a legacy that, 655 00:53:47,600 --> 00:53:51,640 even though she was surrounded by all these big shots of Surrealism, 656 00:53:51,640 --> 00:53:57,200 she was able to look inside of her and create something that was really 657 00:53:57,200 --> 00:53:59,320 unique and visionary. 658 00:54:04,080 --> 00:54:09,080 Being tucked away in Mexico City certainly did not help her achieve 659 00:54:09,080 --> 00:54:13,080 recognition in the way that she could have done, should have done, 660 00:54:13,080 --> 00:54:16,320 but Leonora certainly did not achieve the recognition in this 661 00:54:16,320 --> 00:54:19,360 country that she so richly deserved. 662 00:54:21,800 --> 00:54:25,840 Leonora, as an artist, may still be in her infancy in terms of how 663 00:54:25,840 --> 00:54:28,240 well-known she will one day be, 664 00:54:28,240 --> 00:54:31,360 and I do think that Leonora's moment is still ahead, 665 00:54:31,360 --> 00:54:34,400 in terms of her being really well-known and acknowledged as an 666 00:54:34,400 --> 00:54:37,840 artist, because so many of her themes were ahead of their time, 667 00:54:37,840 --> 00:54:39,640 and are probably still ahead. 668 00:54:39,640 --> 00:54:42,160 I think she was ahead of all of us. 669 00:54:42,160 --> 00:54:46,320 She was so extraordinary, so... 670 00:54:46,320 --> 00:54:49,880 so, anyone who's ahead of you, you always... 671 00:54:49,880 --> 00:54:52,000 they are always there. 672 00:54:52,000 --> 00:54:55,440 The idea of saying that, as you can't explain or you can't 673 00:54:55,440 --> 00:54:58,760 understand, you say things that are 674 00:54:58,760 --> 00:55:03,240 under...under the personality of that person, no? 675 00:55:03,240 --> 00:55:05,000 And Leonora was like that. 676 00:55:05,000 --> 00:55:09,320 She walked in another world, she lived in another world, no? 677 00:55:10,720 --> 00:55:12,680 She was a little bit like... 678 00:55:14,680 --> 00:55:19,080 ..like a genius, but also like a monk of the Middle Ages, 679 00:55:19,080 --> 00:55:23,440 or like someone that doesn't exist any more. 680 00:55:24,880 --> 00:55:27,040 Lots of things died when she died. 681 00:55:41,760 --> 00:55:44,480 A lot of my journeys were running away. 682 00:55:45,880 --> 00:55:50,960 But in old age, I feel that I'm beginning a journey in a way. 683 00:55:52,840 --> 00:55:54,520 Death is of course inevitable. 684 00:55:55,800 --> 00:55:58,760 Somehow I have to go with it a bit, 685 00:55:58,760 --> 00:56:02,960 as a way of discovering or uncovering, 686 00:56:02,960 --> 00:56:05,440 because, really, we know nothing about death. 687 00:56:06,800 --> 00:56:08,360 Nothing. 688 00:56:10,440 --> 00:56:13,360 Yes, well, her son Gaby has said 689 00:56:13,360 --> 00:56:18,600 that almost her final words before she died was, she looked at the 690 00:56:18,600 --> 00:56:21,920 wall, and he said, "What are you looking at?" 691 00:56:21,920 --> 00:56:23,920 And she said, "At the blackbirds. 692 00:56:23,920 --> 00:56:27,000 "The wall is filled with wonderful blackbirds." 693 00:56:28,000 --> 00:56:30,280 You know, which seemed... 694 00:56:30,280 --> 00:56:34,200 a marvellous thing to see at the very end for her. 695 00:56:34,200 --> 00:56:36,480 Yes, we were impressed, because it's 696 00:56:36,480 --> 00:56:39,240 like the blackbirds coming for her. 697 00:56:41,280 --> 00:56:45,400 To take her to the fantastic world she was living in already. 698 00:56:46,960 --> 00:56:49,400 BIRDSONG 699 00:56:52,160 --> 00:56:55,080 GENTLE MUSIC PLAYS 700 00:57:17,960 --> 00:57:20,640 PIANO PLAYS GENTLY 91236

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