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[gentle music]
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♪ ♪
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‐ Eight scientists are about
to be sealed
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00:01:16,668 --> 00:01:20,171
in an eight‐story
airtight terrarium.
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‐ Shelley Taylor Morgan
is standing by at the site
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at Oracle, Arizona.
Hi, Shelley.
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‐ Morning.
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What you're seeing here
is the doorway
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that the eight Biospherians
are going to walk into
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and be sealed into
for two years.
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‐ Two years.
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‐ The futuristic‐looking steel
and glass structure
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is touted
as an environmental laboratory
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00:01:41,225 --> 00:01:43,327
and prototype
for colonies in space.
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‐ They'll spend two years
in their prefab paradise
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trying to support themselves
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so that the rest of us
can learn
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what it would be like
if we had to move
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into a portable world
on another planet.
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‐ Its designers say
it's science.
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Its detractors say
it's a tourist attraction
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run by questionable characters.
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00:02:01,278 --> 00:02:05,783
♪ ♪
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‐ It's starting to happen,
as you can see.
25
00:02:08,786 --> 00:02:10,354
There they are...
26
00:02:10,387 --> 00:02:11,756
‐ There they go.
‐ Saying goodbye.
27
00:02:11,789 --> 00:02:13,257
Doesn't this feel like
they're going to the Moon?
28
00:02:13,290 --> 00:02:14,592
‐ Well, I mean, yeah,
I'm expecting
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00:02:14,626 --> 00:02:17,462
a blast‐off or something.
[laughs]
30
00:02:17,495 --> 00:02:19,497
No, it is. I'm getting chills
as we sit here and watch this,
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00:02:19,531 --> 00:02:21,599
because it is really‐‐
‐ It really is.
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‐ You know, we may look back
upon this in a number of years
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and say
that was where it all began.
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[warm music]
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00:02:29,273 --> 00:02:36,213
♪ ♪
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00:02:42,720 --> 00:02:45,089
‐ The experimenter enters
the experiment
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00:02:45,122 --> 00:02:46,858
in the grand tradition.
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‐ This is an incredible moment.
The future is here.
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00:02:50,294 --> 00:02:57,201
♪ ♪
40
00:03:26,664 --> 00:03:29,634
[gentle music]
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00:03:29,667 --> 00:03:36,173
♪ ♪
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00:03:36,207 --> 00:03:38,876
‐ It started in San Francisco.
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00:03:38,910 --> 00:03:43,180
♪ ♪
44
00:03:43,214 --> 00:03:45,783
I was 17.
45
00:03:45,817 --> 00:03:49,386
I was on my way
to a rehearsal,
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00:03:49,421 --> 00:03:52,156
locked the door
of the apartment,
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00:03:52,189 --> 00:03:55,159
and there was an older man
locking the door
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00:03:55,192 --> 00:03:57,729
of his apartment
just next door.
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00:03:57,762 --> 00:04:00,264
♪ ♪
50
00:04:00,297 --> 00:04:03,334
I'd never seen this man.
51
00:04:03,367 --> 00:04:05,302
He said, "What are you doing?"
52
00:04:05,336 --> 00:04:07,739
and I pulled out this book,
and I said,
53
00:04:07,772 --> 00:04:11,643
"Well, actually, I want to do
what's in this book."
54
00:04:11,676 --> 00:04:14,546
He said, "What's that?"
55
00:04:14,579 --> 00:04:17,515
so I described
56
00:04:17,549 --> 00:04:18,816
this slim novella
called "Mount Analogue"
57
00:04:18,850 --> 00:04:20,852
by a French writer.
58
00:04:20,885 --> 00:04:22,386
His name is Rene Daumal.
59
00:04:24,321 --> 00:04:27,391
"Mount Analogue"
is about a group of people
60
00:04:27,425 --> 00:04:30,595
who decided to land
on an island
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00:04:30,628 --> 00:04:35,399
that didn't exist on any map,
and I loved this book,
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00:04:35,433 --> 00:04:39,637
and I wanted to do
what those people did.
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00:04:39,671 --> 00:04:44,375
He said, "Forget the book.
That's what I'm going to do."
64
00:04:44,409 --> 00:04:46,844
I said, "Well, as long
as there's theater and dance."
65
00:04:46,878 --> 00:04:49,547
He said, "Okay."
66
00:04:49,581 --> 00:04:53,551
And this was John Allen.
67
00:04:53,585 --> 00:04:57,254
That night, he said he was
calling all of his friends
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00:04:57,288 --> 00:05:00,558
in New Mexico
to come to San Francisco,
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00:05:00,592 --> 00:05:06,764
so a number of us moved in
together on my 18th birthday.
70
00:05:06,798 --> 00:05:08,666
‐ I had left New England
because I didn't want
71
00:05:08,700 --> 00:05:10,702
to get married in New England
72
00:05:10,735 --> 00:05:13,004
and be
the typical New England wife,
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00:05:13,037 --> 00:05:16,774
have typical New England kids,
and live that lifestyle.
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00:05:16,808 --> 00:05:21,679
Wonderful people,
but I didn't‐‐that wasn't me.
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00:05:21,713 --> 00:05:27,318
I was waiting to figure out
what the heck I was gonna do,
76
00:05:27,351 --> 00:05:30,988
and I was desperate,
I was panicking.
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00:05:31,022 --> 00:05:33,257
John Allen called me up
and said,
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00:05:33,290 --> 00:05:35,326
"Get your butt here quick.
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00:05:35,359 --> 00:05:37,962
This is where
it's happening planetarily."
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00:05:40,432 --> 00:05:44,001
‐ There was a coworker that
I had at Lawrence Laboratory
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00:05:44,035 --> 00:05:49,541
who said, "Well, go check out
John Allen in San Francisco."
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00:05:49,574 --> 00:05:54,345
1967 in San Francisco,
there was all this, you know,
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00:05:54,378 --> 00:05:56,881
people doing things
together in groups,
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00:05:56,914 --> 00:06:01,385
and that was interesting
to me, so I went.
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00:06:01,419 --> 00:06:04,055
["Something In The Air"
by Thunderclap Newman]
86
00:06:04,088 --> 00:06:07,625
♪ ♪
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00:06:07,659 --> 00:06:11,763
‐ People were doing all sorts
of things at that time.
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00:06:11,796 --> 00:06:12,997
‐ ♪ Call out ♪
89
00:06:13,030 --> 00:06:14,732
‐ There were a lot of people
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00:06:14,766 --> 00:06:16,834
starting collectives,
communes,
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00:06:16,868 --> 00:06:20,572
and we wanted to last,
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00:06:20,605 --> 00:06:24,041
so we didn't take drugs.
That would kind of blow it.
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00:06:24,075 --> 00:06:26,778
‐ ♪ Sooner or later ♪
94
00:06:26,811 --> 00:06:28,946
♪ Because
the revolution's here ♪
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‐ If one wants to make
a contribution to history,
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00:06:32,049 --> 00:06:36,087
you notice those moments
of opening,
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00:06:36,120 --> 00:06:37,822
and that's when you act.
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00:06:37,855 --> 00:06:39,857
♪ ♪
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00:06:39,891 --> 00:06:41,959
‐ ♪ And you know
that it's right ♪
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00:06:41,993 --> 00:06:45,029
‐ We sat down
in the living room.
101
00:06:45,062 --> 00:06:47,499
What is it
that we're going to do?
102
00:06:47,532 --> 00:06:50,568
Well, we could do theater,
we could do art,
103
00:06:50,602 --> 00:06:54,972
we could do business, we could
do science, we could do‐‐
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00:06:55,006 --> 00:06:57,675
and then somebody said,
"Let's do all of it."
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Okay.
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[string music]
107
00:07:02,847 --> 00:07:10,021
♪ ♪
108
00:07:11,022 --> 00:07:14,959
‐ We set up the Theater
of All Possibilities.
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00:07:14,992 --> 00:07:18,062
That was our first project
together.
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00:07:18,095 --> 00:07:22,867
♪ ♪
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00:07:22,900 --> 00:07:26,738
‐ The theater engages
the entire organism,
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00:07:26,771 --> 00:07:30,742
movement, thought, emotion.
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00:07:30,775 --> 00:07:34,045
It gives you insights
into yourself,
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00:07:34,078 --> 00:07:37,449
building a foundation
from which we could go on
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00:07:37,482 --> 00:07:39,083
and do other projects.
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00:07:39,116 --> 00:07:43,588
♪ ♪
117
00:07:43,621 --> 00:07:45,757
‐ I wanted to document
what we were doing.
118
00:07:45,790 --> 00:07:49,060
It was history.
It was important.
119
00:07:49,093 --> 00:07:52,864
So I taught myself
16mm filmmaking.
120
00:07:52,897 --> 00:07:56,167
I did a lot of handheld,
shaky‐‐
121
00:07:56,200 --> 00:07:58,169
well, I was forced to have
122
00:07:58,202 --> 00:08:00,872
a certain kind of a style
as a filmmaker,
123
00:08:00,905 --> 00:08:06,578
because of lack of funds,
and lack of knowledge also.
124
00:08:06,611 --> 00:08:08,746
♪ ♪
125
00:08:08,780 --> 00:08:11,483
I loved to get
close‐ups and faces.
126
00:08:11,516 --> 00:08:12,817
You know, it was like
you're catching
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00:08:12,850 --> 00:08:14,185
the essence of a person.
128
00:08:14,218 --> 00:08:21,158
♪ ♪
129
00:08:29,801 --> 00:08:33,705
‐ I'd met very charismatic
people before,
130
00:08:33,738 --> 00:08:36,007
I'd met geniuses before,
131
00:08:36,040 --> 00:08:38,075
but there's no one
like John Allen.
132
00:08:39,076 --> 00:08:41,613
It was a feeling
of rightness that, yes,
133
00:08:41,646 --> 00:08:44,215
this is what I want to do.
This is a person
134
00:08:44,248 --> 00:08:47,952
I want to go on this voyage
into the unknown with.
135
00:08:51,088 --> 00:08:53,691
I love him.
I love him.
136
00:08:53,725 --> 00:08:55,960
I still love him.
137
00:08:55,993 --> 00:08:59,431
I wouldn't say it was a‐‐
yes, it was a relationship.
138
00:09:01,566 --> 00:09:05,770
Yeah, it was a very particular
kind of relationship
139
00:09:05,803 --> 00:09:08,773
which was based on friendship.
140
00:09:08,806 --> 00:09:11,676
‐ He's 12 years older
than I am,
141
00:09:11,709 --> 00:09:14,546
and we did have
a relationship,
142
00:09:14,579 --> 00:09:18,049
extremely platonic
in kind of a strange way.
143
00:09:18,082 --> 00:09:19,984
But, you know,
I was very fond of him,
144
00:09:20,017 --> 00:09:22,520
and I guess he was fond of me,
145
00:09:22,554 --> 00:09:27,024
and then suddenly,
he asked me to marry him.
146
00:09:28,793 --> 00:09:31,729
Oh, okay.
[laughs]
147
00:09:31,763 --> 00:09:36,033
That sounds good.
Yeah, so anyway, I did.
148
00:09:36,067 --> 00:09:38,135
When we got married,
it wasn't
149
00:09:38,169 --> 00:09:39,904
for the normal sort
of married life type of thing.
150
00:09:39,937 --> 00:09:42,607
It was‐‐we were married
to make a project.
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00:09:43,741 --> 00:09:46,678
[ethereal music]
152
00:09:46,711 --> 00:09:53,651
♪ ♪
153
00:10:00,291 --> 00:10:03,294
‐ Being born in Oklahoma,
in those days,
154
00:10:03,327 --> 00:10:07,699
Oklahoma was still
a frontier state.
155
00:10:07,732 --> 00:10:10,668
Frontiers are very uncertain.
That's by definition, right?
156
00:10:10,702 --> 00:10:12,770
A frontier is where two
or more cultures
157
00:10:12,804 --> 00:10:15,573
are interfacing
with each other,
158
00:10:15,607 --> 00:10:19,577
and so it is dramatic, always.
What is gonna happen?
159
00:10:19,611 --> 00:10:22,680
♪ ♪
160
00:10:22,714 --> 00:10:24,616
I worked
at a meatpacking plant
161
00:10:24,649 --> 00:10:28,653
and did union organizing,
worked as a metallurgist,
162
00:10:28,686 --> 00:10:31,656
was in the US Army Corps
of Engineers,
163
00:10:31,689 --> 00:10:34,659
got an MBA at Harvard,
164
00:10:34,692 --> 00:10:35,927
and I wandered around,
165
00:10:35,960 --> 00:10:38,630
thinking about what I wanted
to do.
166
00:10:38,663 --> 00:10:41,866
I knew that would have
to be something unusual.
167
00:10:41,899 --> 00:10:43,267
[andante music]
168
00:10:43,300 --> 00:10:47,238
I was fundamentally interested
in transformation
169
00:10:47,271 --> 00:10:49,306
of where we're ordinarily at,
170
00:10:49,340 --> 00:10:51,342
of what the human potential
could be.
171
00:10:51,375 --> 00:10:55,647
♪ ♪
172
00:10:55,680 --> 00:10:58,983
‐ I think we'd had it
with San Francisco.
173
00:10:59,016 --> 00:11:02,754
The scene there became
corrupted by commercialism.
174
00:11:02,787 --> 00:11:06,357
♪ ♪
175
00:11:06,390 --> 00:11:10,895
We just decided we wanted
to have our own place.
176
00:11:10,928 --> 00:11:13,731
♪ ♪
177
00:11:13,765 --> 00:11:15,867
We found a beautiful piece
of land
178
00:11:15,900 --> 00:11:17,869
that wouldn't cost much,
179
00:11:17,902 --> 00:11:19,937
and where we could
build a ranch.
180
00:11:19,971 --> 00:11:21,739
♪ ♪
181
00:11:21,773 --> 00:11:24,942
We called ourself Synergists.
182
00:11:24,976 --> 00:11:31,916
♪ ♪
183
00:11:37,021 --> 00:11:40,391
‐ We needed to become
more directly connected
184
00:11:40,425 --> 00:11:45,229
with growing food
and not just being consumers.
185
00:11:45,262 --> 00:11:48,633
♪ ♪
186
00:11:48,666 --> 00:11:50,635
We were workaholics,
187
00:11:50,668 --> 00:11:53,270
running the ranch
and the theater.
188
00:11:53,304 --> 00:11:59,677
♪ ♪
189
00:11:59,711 --> 00:12:02,046
‐ Johnny was
a very good leader,
190
00:12:02,079 --> 00:12:04,749
and he instilled that.
191
00:12:04,782 --> 00:12:08,119
If you feel that you've been
given permission to go do
192
00:12:08,152 --> 00:12:09,887
any kind of a task,
193
00:12:09,921 --> 00:12:14,325
no matter‐‐almost no matter
what it is, you'll do it.
194
00:12:14,358 --> 00:12:17,294
[soft vocal music]
195
00:12:17,328 --> 00:12:24,268
♪ ♪
196
00:12:31,308 --> 00:12:33,845
‐ Our group was inspired
197
00:12:33,878 --> 00:12:35,847
by a lot
of different thinkers.
198
00:12:35,880 --> 00:12:39,183
♪ ♪
199
00:12:39,216 --> 00:12:40,985
The "Whole Earth Catalog,"
200
00:12:41,018 --> 00:12:46,190
that beautiful cover looking
at the planet as a whole.
201
00:12:46,223 --> 00:12:50,261
That was really thrilling.
202
00:12:50,294 --> 00:12:53,865
The works
of William S. Burroughs.
203
00:12:53,898 --> 00:12:56,434
He was seeing
that there was a countdown
204
00:12:56,468 --> 00:12:59,804
to ecological disaster,
205
00:12:59,837 --> 00:13:02,407
themes that we were
interested in.
206
00:13:02,440 --> 00:13:05,342
♪ ♪
207
00:13:05,376 --> 00:13:09,881
We'd read "Spaceship Earth"
by Buckminster Fuller.
208
00:13:09,914 --> 00:13:16,153
‐ Bucky Fuller had pioneered
the idea of a geodesic dome.
209
00:13:16,187 --> 00:13:19,957
I was handed the task
to build one.
210
00:13:19,991 --> 00:13:22,427
♪ ♪
211
00:13:22,460 --> 00:13:25,430
This is a way of learning
by doing,
212
00:13:25,463 --> 00:13:28,299
to be pushed to the limits
of your skills.
213
00:13:28,332 --> 00:13:35,407
♪ ♪
214
00:13:36,007 --> 00:13:38,410
The dome symbolized the unity
215
00:13:38,443 --> 00:13:41,112
that reflected
the values of the ranch.
216
00:13:41,145 --> 00:13:44,015
‐ The struts of a ball have
tremendous strength together,
217
00:13:44,048 --> 00:13:46,017
but individually,
218
00:13:46,050 --> 00:13:48,119
they don't have that kind
of cohesive strength.
219
00:13:48,152 --> 00:13:50,121
♪ ♪
220
00:13:50,154 --> 00:13:52,524
That's how we worked.
221
00:13:52,557 --> 00:13:56,060
The whole is greater
than the sum of its parts.
222
00:13:56,093 --> 00:13:58,229
♪ ♪
223
00:14:02,399 --> 00:14:05,336
[spacey music]
224
00:14:05,369 --> 00:14:09,073
♪ ♪
225
00:14:09,106 --> 00:14:11,909
[laughter]
226
00:14:11,943 --> 00:14:14,812
[indistinct chatter
and noises]
227
00:14:14,846 --> 00:14:21,786
♪ ♪
228
00:14:34,566 --> 00:14:39,003
‐ It was October 1969
that I arrived at the ranch.
229
00:14:39,036 --> 00:14:40,572
They happened, in fact,
230
00:14:40,605 --> 00:14:44,842
to be in the middle
of a theater rehearsal.
231
00:14:44,876 --> 00:14:48,513
The door burst through,
and 20 to 25 people
232
00:14:48,546 --> 00:14:52,550
with really high energy
entered the room.
233
00:14:52,584 --> 00:14:55,420
It was kind of like
a good omen.
234
00:14:55,453 --> 00:15:00,992
It was like I'm stepping
into something totally new.
235
00:15:01,025 --> 00:15:04,095
I was born in Brooklyn,
Flatbush,
236
00:15:04,128 --> 00:15:07,331
so I'm quite a New York kid.
237
00:15:07,364 --> 00:15:09,901
I worked as a taxi driver.
238
00:15:09,934 --> 00:15:12,404
I was a proofreader
at Time Life Books.
239
00:15:12,437 --> 00:15:14,572
I was a court reporter
for a while.
240
00:15:14,606 --> 00:15:17,008
Oh, and a social worker.
241
00:15:17,041 --> 00:15:19,076
I really was looking
for something different.
242
00:15:19,110 --> 00:15:23,180
♪ ♪
243
00:15:23,214 --> 00:15:25,382
I was such an urbanite,
244
00:15:25,417 --> 00:15:28,586
people would say,
"Pick that 2"x4" up,"
245
00:15:28,620 --> 00:15:34,091
and I would think to myself,
"Two by four.
246
00:15:34,125 --> 00:15:36,060
What could that refer to?"
247
00:15:36,093 --> 00:15:39,130
♪ ♪
248
00:15:39,163 --> 00:15:41,499
Johnny said, "Everybody here
249
00:15:41,533 --> 00:15:43,468
"needs to be in charge
of something.
250
00:15:43,501 --> 00:15:46,303
"We try to run this
as a work democracy.
251
00:15:46,337 --> 00:15:47,905
What do you want
to be in charge of?"
252
00:15:47,939 --> 00:15:49,874
and I thought,
"I haven't a clue."
253
00:15:49,907 --> 00:15:51,476
Johnny came up with the idea
254
00:15:51,509 --> 00:15:53,611
of an enterprise
of having an orchard.
255
00:15:53,645 --> 00:15:56,013
I said, "I'm on for that."
256
00:15:56,047 --> 00:15:58,450
I really fell in love
with soil, and trees,
257
00:15:58,483 --> 00:16:01,052
and really keeping
that connection
258
00:16:01,085 --> 00:16:02,520
with the whole natural world.
259
00:16:02,554 --> 00:16:09,494
♪ ♪
260
00:16:10,562 --> 00:16:12,329
The ranch was the first step
261
00:16:12,363 --> 00:16:14,098
in learning
about sustainability.
262
00:16:14,131 --> 00:16:16,534
♪ ♪
263
00:16:16,568 --> 00:16:20,071
We saw an opportunity.
264
00:16:20,104 --> 00:16:22,607
We could make sustainable,
265
00:16:22,640 --> 00:16:25,209
viable projects
around the world.
266
00:16:25,242 --> 00:16:29,180
♪ ♪
267
00:16:44,195 --> 00:16:47,098
[kettle whistling]
268
00:16:52,303 --> 00:16:54,305
‐ Here we were,
not that long
269
00:16:54,338 --> 00:16:57,442
into making the ranch
a sustainable place,
270
00:16:57,475 --> 00:17:00,111
and the gardens were going,
and it was all happening.
271
00:17:06,651 --> 00:17:08,085
Well, I think maybe
Johnny thought
272
00:17:08,119 --> 00:17:10,588
it was
all too successful now,
273
00:17:10,622 --> 00:17:14,459
and that we had to move
to the next realm.
274
00:17:14,492 --> 00:17:17,462
[upbeat music]
275
00:17:17,495 --> 00:17:23,267
♪ ♪
276
00:17:23,300 --> 00:17:26,003
‐ The magic
of the entire enterprise
277
00:17:26,037 --> 00:17:28,606
was to always increase
the challenge.
278
00:17:28,640 --> 00:17:31,576
♪ ♪
279
00:17:31,609 --> 00:17:33,210
‐ Johnny actually said,
280
00:17:33,244 --> 00:17:35,980
"I think we should build
a ship."
281
00:17:36,013 --> 00:17:37,114
‐ We wanted to go someplace
282
00:17:37,148 --> 00:17:39,484
where we certainly
had never been before.
283
00:17:39,517 --> 00:17:41,318
It was a new era
for our projects.
284
00:17:41,352 --> 00:17:43,320
It would go planetary.
285
00:17:43,354 --> 00:17:45,757
‐ We went to my family home
in Berkeley,
286
00:17:45,790 --> 00:17:49,093
where we set up
our living space
287
00:17:49,126 --> 00:17:52,163
so that we could build a ship
on the shore in Oakland.
288
00:17:52,196 --> 00:17:56,434
♪ ♪
289
00:17:56,468 --> 00:17:58,403
‐ We started out
with smaller projects.
290
00:17:58,436 --> 00:18:00,337
The answers are easier,
291
00:18:00,371 --> 00:18:04,041
and eventually, you have
to do very complex things.
292
00:18:04,075 --> 00:18:11,015
♪ ♪
293
00:18:19,323 --> 00:18:22,527
‐ We thought,
"If we can build a ship,
294
00:18:22,560 --> 00:18:26,097
an oceangoing ship,
we could do anything."
295
00:18:26,130 --> 00:18:33,070
♪ ♪
296
00:18:37,241 --> 00:18:42,146
‐ Our ship is called
the "Heraclitus."
297
00:18:42,179 --> 00:18:46,250
The construction of the ship
was pretty much a performance.
298
00:18:46,283 --> 00:18:53,224
♪ ♪
299
00:19:06,838 --> 00:19:08,473
‐ Margaret Augustine
300
00:19:08,506 --> 00:19:12,644
is the primary architect
of our projects.
301
00:19:12,677 --> 00:19:17,281
Margaret, who was 19 or 20,
kind of rose to the occasion
302
00:19:17,314 --> 00:19:19,717
when we were building
the "Heraclitus."
303
00:19:19,751 --> 00:19:21,318
Margaret says,
304
00:19:21,352 --> 00:19:24,121
"I'm going to run
the construction site."
305
00:19:24,155 --> 00:19:28,125
♪ ♪
306
00:19:28,159 --> 00:19:31,328
Freddy Dempster learned
celestial navigation.
307
00:19:31,362 --> 00:19:34,331
[pensive music]
308
00:19:34,365 --> 00:19:35,633
♪ ♪
309
00:19:35,667 --> 00:19:37,835
‐ In a relatively benign
setting
310
00:19:37,869 --> 00:19:39,637
like Synergia Ranch,
311
00:19:39,671 --> 00:19:41,205
you can make mistakes,
312
00:19:41,238 --> 00:19:45,309
and you learn
that you made a mistake,
313
00:19:45,342 --> 00:19:46,678
but in this case,
314
00:19:46,711 --> 00:19:50,882
your life depends
on these things working.
315
00:19:50,915 --> 00:19:56,287
♪ ♪
316
00:19:56,320 --> 00:19:58,222
‐ The day of the launch
was very dramatic,
317
00:19:58,255 --> 00:20:00,324
because we had this high tide.
318
00:20:00,357 --> 00:20:04,496
And people had been working
24‐hour shifts.
319
00:20:04,529 --> 00:20:11,469
♪ ♪
320
00:20:14,238 --> 00:20:20,244
We had booked a tow boat
to pull us into the water.
321
00:20:20,277 --> 00:20:22,714
We built it, and in theory,
it would float,
322
00:20:22,747 --> 00:20:25,450
but we didn't know
what was gonna happen.
323
00:20:25,483 --> 00:20:28,319
♪ ♪
324
00:20:28,352 --> 00:20:30,588
‐ And then there's a jolt.
325
00:20:30,622 --> 00:20:34,391
It was just slipping
out there.
326
00:20:34,426 --> 00:20:36,728
And we were moving.
327
00:20:36,761 --> 00:20:43,701
♪ ♪
328
00:20:56,448 --> 00:20:59,584
Suddenly, the bow went up.
[exhales]
329
00:20:59,617 --> 00:21:01,653
Like that.
Yeah.
330
00:21:01,686 --> 00:21:08,626
♪ ♪
331
00:21:53,304 --> 00:21:56,874
‐ We sailed out
from San Francisco Bay,
332
00:21:56,908 --> 00:21:59,577
sailed out
under the Golden Gate Bridge,
333
00:21:59,611 --> 00:22:01,446
and when we got out
in the ocean,
334
00:22:01,479 --> 00:22:05,417
the waves were huge,
literally 25 to 30 feet high.
335
00:22:05,450 --> 00:22:12,356
♪ ♪
336
00:22:15,493 --> 00:22:18,563
‐ Nothing was tied down
the way it should've been.
337
00:22:18,596 --> 00:22:22,700
The radar broke
and fell in the ocean.
338
00:22:22,734 --> 00:22:27,271
‐ We certainly were learning
quickly, yes.
339
00:22:27,304 --> 00:22:29,974
‐ And for some reason,
I wasn't afraid.
340
00:22:30,007 --> 00:22:32,977
And I don't think
anybody was afraid.
341
00:22:33,010 --> 00:22:37,449
♪ ♪
342
00:22:37,482 --> 00:22:39,551
It was one
of those transitional,
343
00:22:39,584 --> 00:22:45,923
transformative moments, indeed.
Well, now we were free.
344
00:22:45,957 --> 00:22:48,926
[gentle music]
345
00:22:48,960 --> 00:22:55,767
♪ ♪
346
00:22:55,800 --> 00:22:59,637
‐ There's
a strong nomadic nature
347
00:22:59,671 --> 00:23:02,474
to our projects.
348
00:23:02,507 --> 00:23:04,008
‐ Well, we toured
around the world.
349
00:23:04,041 --> 00:23:10,982
♪ ♪
350
00:24:00,097 --> 00:24:01,433
‐ You know,
I'm a broke Oklahoma boy.
351
00:24:01,466 --> 00:24:02,934
How am I gonna support
all this stuff?
352
00:24:02,967 --> 00:24:04,569
[laughs]
353
00:24:04,602 --> 00:24:07,572
‐ How did you support it?
‐ Just enterprising.
354
00:24:07,605 --> 00:24:10,442
♪ ♪
355
00:24:10,475 --> 00:24:14,412
‐ We weren't a commune.
We were a corporation.
356
00:24:14,446 --> 00:24:15,913
♪ ♪
357
00:24:15,947 --> 00:24:18,015
We started businesses
around the world
358
00:24:18,049 --> 00:24:20,151
in order to make money.
359
00:24:20,184 --> 00:24:23,054
We had to survive.
We had to pay for everything.
360
00:24:23,087 --> 00:24:26,390
‐ We were quite capitalistic.
361
00:24:26,424 --> 00:24:27,992
‐ You know, we were never,
362
00:24:28,025 --> 00:24:31,563
in any of our projects,
into profit maximization,
363
00:24:31,596 --> 00:24:35,633
but without sustainable,
viable economics,
364
00:24:35,667 --> 00:24:37,502
these projects can't last.
365
00:24:37,535 --> 00:24:41,573
♪ ♪
366
00:24:41,606 --> 00:24:44,075
It's unusual to find
business partners
367
00:24:44,108 --> 00:24:48,179
who were willing
to think long‐term.
368
00:24:48,212 --> 00:24:51,483
‐ Ed Bass was an integral part
of our businesses
369
00:24:51,516 --> 00:24:52,617
around the planet.
370
00:24:52,650 --> 00:24:54,619
♪ ♪
371
00:24:54,652 --> 00:24:58,556
‐ He really liked this sense
of exploration,
372
00:24:58,590 --> 00:25:00,091
sense of adventure.
373
00:25:04,862 --> 00:25:07,131
Ed Bass is a billionaire
374
00:25:07,164 --> 00:25:11,469
from a prominent family
in Fort Worth, Texas.
375
00:25:11,503 --> 00:25:14,739
The Basses‐‐
their money was in oil.
376
00:25:14,772 --> 00:25:21,078
♪ ♪
377
00:25:21,112 --> 00:25:24,816
We formed a joint venture
with Ed.
378
00:25:24,849 --> 00:25:27,785
‐ And we had a particular kind
of a deal with him.
379
00:25:27,819 --> 00:25:29,153
He would put forward
380
00:25:29,186 --> 00:25:30,788
the capital to buy
certain properties,
381
00:25:30,822 --> 00:25:32,724
and then we would go there
382
00:25:32,757 --> 00:25:35,159
and work
to enhance their value,
383
00:25:35,192 --> 00:25:38,796
and make something‐‐
something amazing.
384
00:25:38,830 --> 00:25:41,633
So we built a hotel
in Kathmandu.
385
00:25:41,666 --> 00:25:48,573
♪ ♪
386
00:25:53,077 --> 00:25:55,780
We opened an art gallery
in London.
387
00:25:55,813 --> 00:25:58,983
♪ ♪
388
00:25:59,016 --> 00:26:02,119
‐ I spent ten years of my life
taking care of our land
389
00:26:02,153 --> 00:26:04,055
in the Australian outback.
390
00:26:04,088 --> 00:26:08,793
♪ ♪
391
00:26:08,826 --> 00:26:10,995
‐ We started touring theater.
392
00:26:11,028 --> 00:26:15,567
♪ ♪
393
00:26:15,600 --> 00:26:17,502
‐ We played
on every continent,
394
00:26:17,535 --> 00:26:19,804
including Antarctica.
395
00:26:19,837 --> 00:26:25,009
♪ ♪
396
00:26:25,042 --> 00:26:27,512
‐ The idea to start projects
in different biomes
397
00:26:27,545 --> 00:26:29,146
was to understand
398
00:26:29,180 --> 00:26:31,716
the whole planet
experientially.
399
00:26:34,118 --> 00:26:39,123
♪ ♪
400
00:26:39,156 --> 00:26:42,694
‐ Small groups are
the engines of change.
401
00:26:42,727 --> 00:26:45,262
♪ ♪
402
00:26:45,296 --> 00:26:49,300
Johnny provided the ideas
that coalesced our whole group
403
00:26:49,333 --> 00:26:51,703
into doing collective action.
404
00:26:51,736 --> 00:26:54,138
♪ ♪
405
00:26:54,171 --> 00:26:56,608
Under his leadership,
406
00:26:56,641 --> 00:27:00,578
we could achieve things
in common action
407
00:27:00,612 --> 00:27:03,180
that we could not otherwise
achieve.
408
00:27:03,214 --> 00:27:06,784
♪ ♪
409
00:27:06,818 --> 00:27:09,721
‐ I lost my dad when I was 16.
410
00:27:09,754 --> 00:27:12,323
[string music]
411
00:27:12,356 --> 00:27:15,760
I often institute
father figures...
412
00:27:15,793 --> 00:27:18,963
♪ ♪
413
00:27:18,996 --> 00:27:20,665
And I think I had a projection
on John.
414
00:27:20,698 --> 00:27:21,933
I may still have it.
[laughs]
415
00:27:21,966 --> 00:27:24,836
I won't say I'm over it.
416
00:27:24,869 --> 00:27:27,705
He was very charismatic,
very dynamic,
417
00:27:27,739 --> 00:27:31,709
exploding with energy.
418
00:27:31,743 --> 00:27:34,579
He was a fallible human being.
419
00:27:34,612 --> 00:27:39,584
John can be tempestuous,
big time,
420
00:27:39,617 --> 00:27:42,219
but John
is definitely a genius.
421
00:27:42,253 --> 00:27:44,088
♪ ♪
422
00:27:58,102 --> 00:27:59,871
‐ To explore the history
423
00:27:59,904 --> 00:28:01,172
of the planet Earth
and its future,
424
00:28:01,205 --> 00:28:03,374
and to examine man's relation
to the planet Earth
425
00:28:03,408 --> 00:28:06,110
and his future,
the Institute of Eco‐Technics
426
00:28:06,143 --> 00:28:07,712
invited
outstanding scientists,
427
00:28:07,745 --> 00:28:09,313
artists of the avant‐garde,
428
00:28:09,346 --> 00:28:11,916
explorers, and managers
of our present time
429
00:28:11,949 --> 00:28:13,618
to a four‐day conference
at their facility
430
00:28:13,651 --> 00:28:15,286
in the south of France.
431
00:28:15,319 --> 00:28:17,254
This film is the record
of those shared investigations
432
00:28:17,288 --> 00:28:18,890
and experiences,
433
00:28:18,923 --> 00:28:20,992
fears and hopes,
ignorance and knowledge
434
00:28:21,025 --> 00:28:23,094
of the mystery and patterns
of planet Earth.
435
00:28:23,127 --> 00:28:26,063
[dramatic string music]
436
00:28:26,097 --> 00:28:27,298
♪ ♪
437
00:28:27,331 --> 00:28:29,366
‐ We were doing conferences,
438
00:28:29,400 --> 00:28:32,336
and we held them in
different parts of the world.
439
00:28:32,369 --> 00:28:35,740
They started
with specific biomes,
440
00:28:35,773 --> 00:28:39,243
a conference on deserts,
on oceans, on jungles.
441
00:28:39,276 --> 00:28:41,245
♪ ♪
442
00:28:41,278 --> 00:28:43,180
Pretty soon,
we ran out of biomes,
443
00:28:43,214 --> 00:28:47,051
so we did the planet Earth.
444
00:28:47,084 --> 00:28:49,821
‐ Dr. Alexander King sounds
a note of warning.
445
00:28:49,854 --> 00:28:51,956
We are living in
an unusually warm period,
446
00:28:51,989 --> 00:28:53,425
but small overall
temperature changes
447
00:28:53,458 --> 00:28:56,260
lead to ice age glaciation.
448
00:28:56,293 --> 00:28:57,762
Population increase
concentrated
449
00:28:57,795 --> 00:28:59,363
in enormous cities,
450
00:28:59,396 --> 00:29:00,998
destruction
of natural environment,
451
00:29:01,032 --> 00:29:02,199
and increasing disparity
452
00:29:02,233 --> 00:29:03,400
between rich
and poor countries
453
00:29:03,435 --> 00:29:06,237
is leading to a catastrophe,
454
00:29:06,270 --> 00:29:09,340
yet most of the destruction
is caused by human ignorance.
455
00:29:09,373 --> 00:29:13,177
‐ Changes were happening
on an enormous scale.
456
00:29:13,210 --> 00:29:15,312
We were actually in danger
457
00:29:15,346 --> 00:29:19,316
of destroying the planet
as we know it.
458
00:29:19,350 --> 00:29:23,421
‐ And we realized that we had
to do something.
459
00:29:23,455 --> 00:29:25,790
‐ Thank you very much.
460
00:29:25,823 --> 00:29:29,393
Any idea that can be conceived
in our time
461
00:29:29,427 --> 00:29:32,897
can be executed in our time.
462
00:29:32,930 --> 00:29:35,933
It's a hell of a mantra.
463
00:29:35,967 --> 00:29:38,436
‐ Phil Hawes,
our resident architect,
464
00:29:38,470 --> 00:29:41,439
came up
with an adobe spaceship.
465
00:29:41,473 --> 00:29:45,209
The idea of making
an enclosed mini‐world
466
00:29:45,242 --> 00:29:48,946
rose from that moment.
467
00:29:48,980 --> 00:29:51,449
‐ And in this biospheric bank
are thousands of species
468
00:29:51,483 --> 00:29:55,720
of life and eight people.
469
00:29:55,753 --> 00:29:57,489
They better be adventurers,
they better be artists,
470
00:29:57,522 --> 00:30:00,391
and they better be scientists.
471
00:30:00,425 --> 00:30:02,860
‐ We loved this idea
472
00:30:02,894 --> 00:30:05,863
that when you start
to think of colonies in space,
473
00:30:05,897 --> 00:30:11,436
suddenly you are thinking
of sustainable living on Earth.
474
00:30:11,469 --> 00:30:16,874
♪ ♪
475
00:30:16,908 --> 00:30:18,943
‐ I think the whole project‐‐
I mean, I really liked
476
00:30:18,976 --> 00:30:21,245
that it was science fiction
without the fiction.
477
00:30:21,278 --> 00:30:25,149
♪ ♪
478
00:30:25,182 --> 00:30:29,353
This idea
is like "Silent Running."
479
00:30:29,386 --> 00:30:32,957
That was an incredible film.
480
00:30:32,990 --> 00:30:35,392
To see this floating world,
481
00:30:35,427 --> 00:30:39,263
and, you know, the guy taking
care of the wilderness area,
482
00:30:39,296 --> 00:30:41,298
and the little rabbits
hopping.
483
00:30:41,332 --> 00:30:44,301
‐ How are you today? Huh?
Feeling good?
484
00:30:44,335 --> 00:30:47,304
‐ Here is this capsule of life
from Earth
485
00:30:47,338 --> 00:30:49,541
that's being nurtured
and kept alive
486
00:30:49,574 --> 00:30:52,176
and the guy who's in love
with the system,
487
00:30:52,209 --> 00:30:54,946
which I totally identified.
488
00:30:54,979 --> 00:30:57,148
You know, and of course,
the very poignant thing,
489
00:30:57,181 --> 00:31:01,986
that this is the last refuge
of Earth life.
490
00:31:02,019 --> 00:31:03,421
‐ What about the forests?
491
00:31:03,455 --> 00:31:06,023
You don't think anyone should
care about these forests?
492
00:31:06,057 --> 00:31:08,225
What's gonna happen
if these forests
493
00:31:08,259 --> 00:31:10,528
and all this incredible beauty
is lost for all time?
494
00:31:10,562 --> 00:31:13,498
[pensive music]
495
00:31:13,531 --> 00:31:15,967
♪ ♪
496
00:31:16,000 --> 00:31:22,173
‐ Nobody was building
a long‐term life system
497
00:31:22,206 --> 00:31:25,777
to go into space.
No one was doing that.
498
00:31:28,245 --> 00:31:31,182
We thought, "Here's a niche.
Let's go for it."
499
00:31:31,215 --> 00:31:38,389
♪ ♪
500
00:31:38,890 --> 00:31:45,029
When you even visualize
a colony,
501
00:31:45,062 --> 00:31:49,033
off the planet,
502
00:31:49,066 --> 00:31:52,404
suddenly you're rethinking
what's possible.
503
00:31:52,437 --> 00:31:59,343
♪ ♪
504
00:32:23,000 --> 00:32:24,301
‐ Some of us are born
505
00:32:24,335 --> 00:32:26,471
with far better
naturalist sensitivities
506
00:32:26,504 --> 00:32:31,308
than
interpersonal sensitivities.
507
00:32:31,342 --> 00:32:33,077
So, yeah,
508
00:32:33,110 --> 00:32:34,378
I usually get along
with plants
509
00:32:34,412 --> 00:32:36,213
more than I do most people.
510
00:32:36,247 --> 00:32:40,184
♪ ♪
511
00:32:40,217 --> 00:32:42,420
John said, "We're going
into the space race."
512
00:32:42,987 --> 00:32:44,556
I said, "What?"
He said,
513
00:32:44,589 --> 00:32:47,459
"Yeah, we're gonna build
this thing called the Biosphere
514
00:32:47,492 --> 00:32:50,995
"that's a prelude
to extraterrestrial biospheres,
515
00:32:51,028 --> 00:32:55,266
and so, we want you
to design the desert."
516
00:32:55,299 --> 00:32:57,502
♪ ♪
517
00:32:57,535 --> 00:32:59,236
I was working
518
00:32:59,270 --> 00:33:01,372
at the University of Arizona
Desert Laboratory,
519
00:33:01,406 --> 00:33:05,643
and well, you know, compared
to the normal academic career,
520
00:33:05,677 --> 00:33:08,379
compare that
to launch humanity
521
00:33:08,413 --> 00:33:11,649
into an extraterrestrial
evolutionary trajectory?
522
00:33:13,685 --> 00:33:15,386
It was visionary.
523
00:33:15,420 --> 00:33:18,355
[optimistic music]
524
00:33:18,389 --> 00:33:25,329
♪ ♪
525
00:33:27,264 --> 00:33:28,700
‐ If we're gonna go to Mars
and the Moon,
526
00:33:28,733 --> 00:33:31,102
we'd better know
how to make a biosphere.
527
00:33:31,135 --> 00:33:37,308
♪ ♪
528
00:33:37,341 --> 00:33:40,978
‐ A nice, simple definition
that I like of a biosphere
529
00:33:41,012 --> 00:33:46,150
is a virtually closed system
with plants and animals
530
00:33:46,183 --> 00:33:50,287
and atmospheres all inside.
531
00:33:50,321 --> 00:33:51,523
If we're gonna build
532
00:33:51,556 --> 00:33:54,626
the first human‐designed
biospheric system,
533
00:33:54,659 --> 00:33:56,060
we're gonna make it beautiful.
534
00:33:56,093 --> 00:33:59,263
♪ ♪
535
00:33:59,296 --> 00:34:02,600
We're gonna put in
a mini‐rain forest,
536
00:34:02,634 --> 00:34:08,072
a desert, a savanna, an ocean
with a living coral reef.
537
00:34:08,105 --> 00:34:10,642
It would be populated by
hundreds
538
00:34:10,675 --> 00:34:14,078
of carefully‐selected plants
and animal species,
539
00:34:14,111 --> 00:34:17,014
including eight people.
540
00:34:17,048 --> 00:34:21,686
♪ ♪
541
00:34:21,719 --> 00:34:24,388
We called the project
Biosphere 2,
542
00:34:24,422 --> 00:34:26,357
because we wanted people
to say,
543
00:34:26,390 --> 00:34:28,526
"Well, where is Biosphere 1?"
544
00:34:28,560 --> 00:34:30,327
Biosphere 1 is the Earth.
545
00:34:30,361 --> 00:34:33,465
[serene music]
546
00:34:34,098 --> 00:34:35,700
No one really knew
what we'd need
547
00:34:35,733 --> 00:34:38,503
if we're ever gonna go into
space on a permanent basis.
548
00:34:38,536 --> 00:34:40,738
♪ ♪
549
00:34:40,772 --> 00:34:43,775
‐ We don't see how big
the process is.
550
00:34:43,808 --> 00:34:48,012
‐ John Allen had suggested,
"Well, the whole point of this
551
00:34:48,045 --> 00:34:51,649
"is not to do rigorous science
from the get‐go.
552
00:34:51,683 --> 00:34:56,721
"The point of this is to learn
how to make a biosphere
553
00:34:56,754 --> 00:34:59,724
"that can support
human occupants
554
00:34:59,757 --> 00:35:02,660
"in an
extraterrestrial setting.
555
00:35:02,694 --> 00:35:04,529
"It won't work the first time.
556
00:35:04,562 --> 00:35:07,632
"It probably won't work
for the first several times,
557
00:35:07,665 --> 00:35:11,703
but each time, we're likely
to learn more, faster."
558
00:35:13,204 --> 00:35:16,708
‐ There were huge numbers
of scientific consultants.
559
00:35:16,741 --> 00:35:18,309
The University of Arizona,
560
00:35:18,342 --> 00:35:20,812
the Smithsonian
Marine Systems Lab,
561
00:35:20,845 --> 00:35:23,648
and the New York
Botanic Garden.
562
00:35:23,681 --> 00:35:26,283
‐ And are we gonna put
any engineering devices...
563
00:35:26,317 --> 00:35:28,653
‐ Biosphere 2
was gonna build
564
00:35:28,686 --> 00:35:31,556
on the work
of all of our projects.
565
00:35:31,589 --> 00:35:35,259
‐ Agriculture, design,
566
00:35:35,292 --> 00:35:38,596
engineering, technology,
and ecology.
567
00:35:40,698 --> 00:35:42,700
All the things
that we had done together.
568
00:35:42,734 --> 00:35:45,670
♪ ♪
569
00:35:45,703 --> 00:35:48,806
‐ It was a massive
construction project.
570
00:35:48,840 --> 00:35:51,476
♪ ♪
571
00:35:51,509 --> 00:35:53,445
‐ And these were the people
that could do it.
572
00:35:53,478 --> 00:35:56,448
[upbeat music]
573
00:35:56,481 --> 00:35:59,116
♪ ♪
574
00:35:59,150 --> 00:36:01,786
‐ When we were building
the "Heraclitus,"
575
00:36:01,819 --> 00:36:06,390
Margaret Augustine
ran the construction site.
576
00:36:06,424 --> 00:36:09,694
Now, she was the CEO,
and co‐architect
577
00:36:09,727 --> 00:36:13,731
of Biosphere 2.
578
00:36:13,765 --> 00:36:15,800
When you're doing something
579
00:36:15,833 --> 00:36:20,838
that no one has ever done
before, you learn by doing.
580
00:36:20,872 --> 00:36:24,576
‐ Without a project
of this undertaking,
581
00:36:24,609 --> 00:36:27,512
you wouldn't really be able
to feasibly start a colony,
582
00:36:27,545 --> 00:36:29,547
say, on the Moon or Mars.
583
00:36:29,581 --> 00:36:31,583
♪ ♪
584
00:36:31,616 --> 00:36:36,554
‐ Marie Harding was
the chief financial officer.
585
00:36:36,588 --> 00:36:39,190
‐ We had budgets.
586
00:36:39,223 --> 00:36:41,759
The final cost
was $200 million.
587
00:36:41,793 --> 00:36:45,663
That's‐‐for that,
that is like peanuts.
588
00:36:47,331 --> 00:36:51,403
It was quite corporate.
I even wore nail polish.
589
00:36:51,436 --> 00:36:53,137
[laughs]
590
00:36:53,170 --> 00:36:56,708
‐ And also, of course,
there was Ed Bass.
591
00:36:56,741 --> 00:36:58,810
♪ ♪
592
00:36:58,843 --> 00:37:00,845
‐ Edward Bass,
the second‐oldest
593
00:37:00,878 --> 00:37:03,147
of the four Bass brothers,
by some estimates,
594
00:37:03,180 --> 00:37:06,484
the fourth wealthiest family
in the United States.
595
00:37:06,518 --> 00:37:09,386
John Allen's ideas
and Edward Bass's money
596
00:37:09,421 --> 00:37:11,789
have spawned a number
of worldwide ventures.
597
00:37:11,823 --> 00:37:15,427
♪ ♪
598
00:37:15,460 --> 00:37:19,564
‐ Creating Biosphere 2
as a business
599
00:37:19,597 --> 00:37:21,866
made sense for several reasons.
600
00:37:21,899 --> 00:37:25,737
For one, we thought
it could be very profitable.
601
00:37:25,770 --> 00:37:29,273
‐ Ed would invest
a huge amount of money,
602
00:37:29,306 --> 00:37:32,176
figuring there would be
no payback in the short term,
603
00:37:32,209 --> 00:37:34,245
but when we go to space,
604
00:37:34,278 --> 00:37:36,648
Biosphere 2 would yield
605
00:37:36,681 --> 00:37:38,850
enormous
technological spinoffs
606
00:37:38,883 --> 00:37:42,920
that then he could license
and people would pay him for.
607
00:37:42,954 --> 00:37:46,658
‐ Ed was also
passionate about ecology.
608
00:37:46,691 --> 00:37:48,593
‐ All you've got to do
is watch his face light up
609
00:37:48,626 --> 00:37:51,763
when he talks about it.
610
00:37:51,796 --> 00:37:53,698
‐ From the ecological point
of view,
611
00:37:53,731 --> 00:37:56,233
man is very much
a part of the problem.
612
00:37:56,267 --> 00:37:57,835
I was able
to put these together
613
00:37:57,869 --> 00:37:59,937
in my own personal interest
614
00:37:59,971 --> 00:38:04,308
and really become involved
in ecological matters.
615
00:38:04,341 --> 00:38:06,944
‐ We'd been thinking
about the human relationship
616
00:38:06,978 --> 00:38:10,582
with the environment
for decades.
617
00:38:10,615 --> 00:38:13,217
Biosphere 2 is totally
618
00:38:13,250 --> 00:38:14,986
an awesome new kind
of approach
619
00:38:15,019 --> 00:38:16,721
to studying
620
00:38:16,754 --> 00:38:19,491
and coming up with solutions
to Earth problems.
621
00:38:23,928 --> 00:38:26,263
[orchestral music]
622
00:38:26,297 --> 00:38:33,471
♪ ♪
623
00:38:34,271 --> 00:38:37,575
‐ We have, in the last year,
put out a paper
624
00:38:37,609 --> 00:38:40,678
that said we had a program
for Biospherian candidates.
625
00:38:40,712 --> 00:38:43,748
‐ We had
maybe 15 or so people,
626
00:38:43,781 --> 00:38:46,250
Biospherians in training,
627
00:38:46,283 --> 00:38:50,522
and the selection was
gonna be made from that group.
628
00:38:50,555 --> 00:38:53,425
‐ There wasn't
a type of person.
629
00:38:53,458 --> 00:38:55,560
It wasn't eight clones
that showed up.
630
00:38:55,593 --> 00:38:58,930
This is the kind of human being
who would do this.
631
00:38:58,963 --> 00:39:01,699
It was‐‐
that wasn't predictable.
632
00:39:01,733 --> 00:39:04,268
‐ I'm Jane Pointer.
I'm a Biospherian candidate.
633
00:39:04,301 --> 00:39:06,738
‐ Well, my nickname's Laser.
634
00:39:06,771 --> 00:39:08,673
I like to be in the middle
of the action.
635
00:39:08,706 --> 00:39:10,442
I like to get things done.
636
00:39:10,475 --> 00:39:13,411
‐ Well, I know
that the eight people who go in
637
00:39:13,445 --> 00:39:15,713
will come out different people,
638
00:39:15,747 --> 00:39:18,816
and come out as a group
of people
639
00:39:18,850 --> 00:39:22,587
probably incomparable
to any other group in history.
640
00:39:22,620 --> 00:39:24,622
‐ Many people say
"Well," you know, "Why?
641
00:39:24,656 --> 00:39:26,390
Why are you getting locked up
in the Biosphere?"
642
00:39:26,424 --> 00:39:28,292
I don't call it‐‐
643
00:39:28,325 --> 00:39:31,395
I don't think of it as being
locked up in the Biosphere.
644
00:39:31,429 --> 00:39:33,731
In fact, I think of it
as locking everybody else out.
645
00:39:33,765 --> 00:39:36,333
[laughs]
646
00:39:36,367 --> 00:39:38,603
‐ We looked
for who are the free thinkers,
647
00:39:38,636 --> 00:39:40,738
so I automatically eliminated
648
00:39:40,772 --> 00:39:42,907
all the people
that follow people.
649
00:39:42,940 --> 00:39:45,877
[general hubbub]
650
00:39:50,515 --> 00:39:52,049
‐ Two!
651
00:39:57,655 --> 00:39:59,924
‐ Okay, go down and switch
to the next partner.
652
00:39:59,957 --> 00:40:01,659
Do the‐‐appear
and disappear emotionally,
653
00:40:01,693 --> 00:40:03,561
the way you were doing
physically before.
654
00:40:04,862 --> 00:40:09,967
‐ John Allen was a brilliant,
charismatic leader,
655
00:40:10,001 --> 00:40:13,405
because he simply met
the emotional needs.
656
00:40:13,438 --> 00:40:15,106
He was a mind musician.
657
00:40:15,139 --> 00:40:17,108
He really knew
what people needed,
658
00:40:17,141 --> 00:40:19,811
and tried to motivate them
by supplying it,
659
00:40:19,844 --> 00:40:22,447
or withholding it sometimes.
660
00:40:23,448 --> 00:40:27,051
I thought part
of John Allen's genius
661
00:40:27,084 --> 00:40:30,855
was helping people to realize
it's all theater.
662
00:40:30,888 --> 00:40:33,825
[energetic music]
663
00:40:33,858 --> 00:40:39,396
♪ ♪
664
00:40:39,431 --> 00:40:43,134
‐ I don't know that I ever had
the feeling
665
00:40:43,167 --> 00:40:45,770
that we couldn't pull it off.
666
00:40:45,803 --> 00:40:47,905
I knew we could pull it off.
667
00:40:47,939 --> 00:40:52,977
Maybe that was naive,
but maybe not.
668
00:40:53,010 --> 00:40:56,080
‐ To prove this, we thought
it was necessary
669
00:40:56,113 --> 00:40:58,916
to build a model.
670
00:40:58,950 --> 00:41:01,152
‐ We built the test module.
671
00:41:01,185 --> 00:41:04,956
Let's have all the Biospherian
candidates go in there.
672
00:41:04,989 --> 00:41:08,593
‐ What's going on today
is testing of the systems
673
00:41:08,626 --> 00:41:10,595
that we expect to use
in Biosphere 2.
674
00:41:10,628 --> 00:41:13,030
This will be the longest
closure with a person
675
00:41:13,064 --> 00:41:16,968
in a totally enclosed
environment where all the food,
676
00:41:17,001 --> 00:41:20,972
the water, the air, the waste
is recycled within that system.
677
00:41:21,005 --> 00:41:23,875
‐ This is my daily exercise,
as well as harvesting.
678
00:41:23,908 --> 00:41:25,977
‐ Botanist Linda Leigh
was sealed
679
00:41:26,010 --> 00:41:29,046
inside a test module
for a three‐week stay.
680
00:41:29,080 --> 00:41:34,719
‐ You open the door, you close
the airlock behind you,
681
00:41:34,752 --> 00:41:39,857
and suddenly, you understand
that you are in relationship,
682
00:41:39,891 --> 00:41:42,527
I mean, intimate
metabolic relationship,
683
00:41:42,560 --> 00:41:44,128
with everything inside there.
684
00:41:45,730 --> 00:41:48,766
‐ Everybody is anxiously
awaiting for the moment
685
00:41:48,800 --> 00:41:50,468
when you will step
through that door.
686
00:41:50,502 --> 00:41:57,442
♪ ♪
687
00:42:07,485 --> 00:42:10,187
[cheers and applause]
688
00:42:17,929 --> 00:42:24,836
♪ ♪
689
00:44:06,638 --> 00:44:08,873
‐ Preparations
for interplanetary travel
690
00:44:08,906 --> 00:44:10,307
have begun near Tucson.
691
00:44:10,341 --> 00:44:12,009
‐ As Tina Naughton tells us,
692
00:44:12,043 --> 00:44:16,914
spaceships aren't involved yet,
only determination.
693
00:44:16,948 --> 00:44:18,816
‐ These chosen eight
are about to step
694
00:44:18,850 --> 00:44:21,619
into an airtight city
called the Biosphere 2.
695
00:44:21,653 --> 00:44:24,055
The crew, chosen
from scientific experts,
696
00:44:24,088 --> 00:44:27,091
will live inside the enclosed
world for two years.
697
00:44:27,124 --> 00:44:30,327
Only video and the telephone
will link them to the outside.
698
00:44:30,928 --> 00:44:33,330
‐ They are the darlings
of the new age,
699
00:44:33,364 --> 00:44:35,266
protectors of the planet,
700
00:44:35,299 --> 00:44:38,369
pioneers blazing a trail
for outer space.
701
00:44:38,402 --> 00:44:40,271
They are Biospherians.
702
00:44:40,304 --> 00:44:41,973
‐ No one's
ever done this before.
703
00:44:42,006 --> 00:44:44,108
No one's ever built,
704
00:44:44,141 --> 00:44:47,311
or lived in, or managed
a total closed system.
705
00:44:47,344 --> 00:44:51,983
‐ It's
an ethnically diverse group,
706
00:44:52,016 --> 00:44:54,251
each chosen
for their science expertise.
707
00:44:54,285 --> 00:44:57,054
[spacey music]
708
00:44:57,088 --> 00:44:58,990
‐ It's a true
research project,
709
00:44:59,023 --> 00:45:00,792
with the eight humans
710
00:45:00,825 --> 00:45:02,393
as much a subject
of the research
711
00:45:02,427 --> 00:45:04,796
as researchers themselves.
712
00:45:06,030 --> 00:45:08,332
‐ I got a phone call.
Margaret‐‐she said,
713
00:45:08,365 --> 00:45:11,068
"What do you think about
the idea of joining the crew?"
714
00:45:12,336 --> 00:45:16,007
And I don't think
there was any pause
715
00:45:16,040 --> 00:45:18,643
between the end of her sentence
and me saying yes.
716
00:45:20,044 --> 00:45:22,647
‐ Am I gonna go stir‐crazy
over two years?
717
00:45:22,680 --> 00:45:24,816
Have I really brought in
enough sneakers,
718
00:45:24,849 --> 00:45:27,084
and toothbrushes, and books,
and videos,
719
00:45:27,118 --> 00:45:33,157
and tape cassettes to keep
my intellectual mind happy?
720
00:45:33,190 --> 00:45:37,294
I suppose emotionally, that's
gonna be the challenge.
721
00:45:37,328 --> 00:45:39,296
‐ I feel grateful to be given
the opportunity
722
00:45:39,330 --> 00:45:41,032
to carry on the work
723
00:45:41,065 --> 00:45:43,034
that we've been doing
over the last five years,
724
00:45:43,067 --> 00:45:44,736
to be part of an experiment
725
00:45:44,769 --> 00:45:47,338
that is both
scientifically challenging
726
00:45:47,371 --> 00:45:50,041
and physically
remarkably beautiful.
727
00:45:50,074 --> 00:45:54,679
‐ I was invited to come up
to the biosphere,
728
00:45:54,712 --> 00:45:56,247
and I thought, "Well,
729
00:45:56,280 --> 00:45:59,016
"this is a great,
bright group of people.
730
00:45:59,050 --> 00:46:00,952
"They're really into
what they're doing.
731
00:46:00,985 --> 00:46:02,787
"They're exciting.
They're excited.
732
00:46:02,820 --> 00:46:04,422
"They're doing cool things.
733
00:46:04,456 --> 00:46:06,424
They're wacky,
and I fit right in."
734
00:46:06,458 --> 00:46:08,926
♪ ♪
735
00:46:08,960 --> 00:46:10,728
I was always the girl
in the classroom
736
00:46:10,762 --> 00:46:13,130
who took care of the fish.
I did projects
737
00:46:13,164 --> 00:46:16,868
for all the science fairs
when I was little.
738
00:46:16,901 --> 00:46:19,837
Mostly, people,
I felt at that time,
739
00:46:19,871 --> 00:46:21,406
people didn't like me
very much.
740
00:46:23,741 --> 00:46:26,110
I was living in Tucson
in the mid‐'80s,
741
00:46:26,143 --> 00:46:30,314
and I was kind of in my "save
the world" type of headspace,
742
00:46:30,347 --> 00:46:32,149
and a friend said,
743
00:46:32,183 --> 00:46:34,251
"Linda, you can't do it
all by yourself."
744
00:46:34,886 --> 00:46:37,221
And that was‐‐
it was really a moment,
745
00:46:37,254 --> 00:46:39,090
one of those aha moments.
746
00:46:40,858 --> 00:46:43,795
When I joined the group,
it was a magnetic center.
747
00:46:43,828 --> 00:46:45,362
You know,
it just kind of pulled me in.
748
00:46:53,971 --> 00:46:55,973
We all got sent out
to different places
749
00:46:56,007 --> 00:47:01,913
around the world to collect
the plants and species.
750
00:47:01,946 --> 00:47:04,916
[ethereal music]
751
00:47:04,949 --> 00:47:09,754
♪ ♪
752
00:47:09,787 --> 00:47:12,824
To build an ecosystem
from all of the pieces
753
00:47:12,857 --> 00:47:15,493
is just a big, huge puzzle.
754
00:47:15,527 --> 00:47:22,199
♪ ♪
755
00:47:22,233 --> 00:47:24,802
‐ It was Biblical.
756
00:47:24,836 --> 00:47:26,938
It was filling Noah's Ark,
essentially.
757
00:47:26,971 --> 00:47:33,144
♪ ♪
758
00:47:33,177 --> 00:47:35,547
‐ Deciding what to include
has not been easy.
759
00:47:35,580 --> 00:47:37,248
For example...
760
00:47:37,281 --> 00:47:38,916
‐ When we made the decision
to put in something
761
00:47:38,950 --> 00:47:41,218
like a hummingbird,
762
00:47:41,252 --> 00:47:43,821
you know how many flowers
a day a hummingbird needs?
763
00:47:43,855 --> 00:47:46,891
The best we could find
was 1,400 fuchsia flowers.
764
00:47:46,924 --> 00:47:49,026
♪ ♪
765
00:47:49,060 --> 00:47:54,265
‐ An important part of this
was making a beautiful world,
766
00:47:54,298 --> 00:47:56,534
making a Garden of Eden.
767
00:47:56,568 --> 00:48:03,508
♪ ♪
768
00:48:05,309 --> 00:48:08,145
I loved being totally absorbed
in this.
769
00:48:08,179 --> 00:48:11,148
♪ ♪
770
00:48:11,182 --> 00:48:13,250
I didn't need anything more.
771
00:48:13,284 --> 00:48:20,191
♪ ♪
772
00:48:28,265 --> 00:48:31,035
‐ Ready? And action.
773
00:48:31,068 --> 00:48:34,406
‐ Hello there.
I'm Rue McClanahan,
774
00:48:34,439 --> 00:48:38,576
and I'm here in Oracle,
Arizona, at Biosphere 2,
775
00:48:38,610 --> 00:48:41,312
where one of the most
adventurous and important‐‐
776
00:48:41,345 --> 00:48:44,115
boy, this is rough terrain.
[laughs]
777
00:48:44,148 --> 00:48:45,550
‐ That was nice,
very nice, Rue.
778
00:48:45,583 --> 00:48:47,985
‐ It feels‐‐
779
00:48:48,019 --> 00:48:50,555
‐ And, action.
‐ Hello.
780
00:48:50,588 --> 00:48:52,323
I'm Rue McClanahan,
781
00:48:52,356 --> 00:48:54,091
and I'm here
in Oracle, Arizona,
782
00:48:54,125 --> 00:48:56,961
at Biosphere 2,
where one
783
00:48:56,994 --> 00:48:58,930
of the most adventurous
and important experiments
784
00:48:58,963 --> 00:49:05,637
in human existence has begun.
785
00:49:05,670 --> 00:49:07,371
Et cetera, et cetera.
786
00:49:07,405 --> 00:49:10,608
‐ Good, that was perfect, like,
that was perfect.
787
00:49:10,642 --> 00:49:15,513
[music]
788
00:49:15,547 --> 00:49:19,984
‐ People like both wonder
789
00:49:20,017 --> 00:49:22,920
and sensation.
[laughs]
790
00:49:22,954 --> 00:49:27,992
I mean, so there's an appetite
and an audience for both.
791
00:49:28,025 --> 00:49:30,227
No, I was not a publicist.
792
00:49:30,261 --> 00:49:31,996
We didn't even have
a press department.
793
00:49:33,030 --> 00:49:35,166
We had no press release.
794
00:49:35,199 --> 00:49:36,434
‐ They want to just do it down
at that spot...
795
00:49:36,468 --> 00:49:37,602
‐ Regards
to a photo opportunity.
796
00:49:37,635 --> 00:49:38,870
‐ And they've got enough time,
so let's just go and do it.
797
00:49:38,903 --> 00:49:41,906
It never entered our head
that it was going to be
798
00:49:41,939 --> 00:49:44,308
something grand
and spectacular,
799
00:49:44,341 --> 00:49:46,911
it was going to blow
everyone's socks off.
800
00:49:48,379 --> 00:49:51,583
It started to ignite
a lot of interest.
801
00:49:51,616 --> 00:49:54,285
Margaret and John decided
that they should hire
802
00:49:54,318 --> 00:49:57,221
a professional PR firm
from LA.
803
00:49:57,555 --> 00:50:00,191
‐ The locals came in.
They reported faithfully,
804
00:50:00,224 --> 00:50:02,093
and then my job was
to leapfrog up
805
00:50:02,126 --> 00:50:03,561
to the national
and international,
806
00:50:03,595 --> 00:50:05,563
the networks.
807
00:50:05,597 --> 00:50:08,566
Here we had
this marvelous structure,
808
00:50:08,600 --> 00:50:12,570
and we had to do it right.
We had to beam them up somehow.
809
00:50:12,604 --> 00:50:15,139
‐ This live news event package
will include
810
00:50:15,172 --> 00:50:16,941
worldwide press coverage.
811
00:50:16,974 --> 00:50:18,710
Biosphere 2 is an idea
812
00:50:18,743 --> 00:50:21,378
that has intrigued Hollywood
for years.
813
00:50:21,413 --> 00:50:24,449
Celebrities will walk us
through the diverse biomes.
814
00:50:24,482 --> 00:50:26,418
‐ I am a big fan of everything
815
00:50:26,451 --> 00:50:27,985
that has to do
with the environment.
816
00:50:28,019 --> 00:50:30,154
‐ They'll present profiles
of the bionauts,
817
00:50:30,187 --> 00:50:31,956
who've journeyed
the world over,
818
00:50:31,989 --> 00:50:34,626
gathering what will live
in their new environment.
819
00:50:34,659 --> 00:50:37,429
Network presidents agree,
environmental programming
820
00:50:37,462 --> 00:50:40,131
is a must for the '90s.
821
00:50:40,164 --> 00:50:43,234
‐ Definitely went viral.
It was a global curiosity.
822
00:50:43,267 --> 00:50:46,070
‐ Biosphere 2.
‐ Biosphere 2.
823
00:50:46,103 --> 00:50:48,606
‐ Biosphere 2.
‐ Biosphere 2.
824
00:50:48,640 --> 00:50:51,208
‐ Biosphere 2.
‐ Biosphere 2.
825
00:50:51,242 --> 00:50:53,344
‐ Biosphera dos.
‐ Biosphere 2.
826
00:50:53,377 --> 00:50:55,146
‐ What an exciting assignment.
827
00:50:55,179 --> 00:50:57,114
‐ I'm telling you,
it was so incredible,
828
00:50:57,148 --> 00:51:00,084
and I just came back
from an ocean, a desert,
829
00:51:00,117 --> 00:51:03,421
a marsh,
a tropic zone, a savanna.
830
00:51:03,455 --> 00:51:05,256
‐ Ladies and gentlemen,
here is the president and CEO
831
00:51:05,289 --> 00:51:07,258
of Space Biosphere Ventures
832
00:51:07,291 --> 00:51:09,527
and five
of the eight Biospherians.
833
00:51:09,561 --> 00:51:10,695
Welcome them, please.
834
00:51:10,728 --> 00:51:12,296
Okay, have you got the picture?
835
00:51:12,329 --> 00:51:14,365
Is this something?
I'm telling you.
836
00:51:14,398 --> 00:51:17,034
‐ People wanted
to be enchanted.
837
00:51:17,068 --> 00:51:19,704
The notion
of eight human beings
838
00:51:19,737 --> 00:51:24,609
being separated from life,
from the availability of food.
839
00:51:24,642 --> 00:51:27,111
And I think it tapped
into something in people.
840
00:51:27,144 --> 00:51:29,447
♪ ♪
841
00:51:29,481 --> 00:51:33,418
‐ I had trepidation
that the media attention
842
00:51:33,451 --> 00:51:36,754
was too much, too soon,
843
00:51:36,788 --> 00:51:40,592
that we weren't
quite ready for that.
844
00:51:40,625 --> 00:51:43,227
‐ No air, water,
or other materials
845
00:51:43,260 --> 00:51:45,162
will pass
the airtight glass boundaries
846
00:51:45,196 --> 00:51:46,431
that enclose them.
847
00:51:46,464 --> 00:51:49,467
‐ But you get no new air
at all from the outside.
848
00:51:49,501 --> 00:51:51,736
‐ That's right. What we put in
when we enter in March
849
00:51:51,769 --> 00:51:53,605
is what we will have
in 100 years.
850
00:51:53,638 --> 00:51:55,239
‐ You don't cheat,
and take any air
851
00:51:55,272 --> 00:51:57,208
from the outside environment
into the Biosphere
852
00:51:57,241 --> 00:51:58,676
for the entire
two‐year experiment.
853
00:51:58,710 --> 00:52:00,512
‐ There won't be any cheating
for 100 years,
854
00:52:00,545 --> 00:52:04,281
not just the two years,
for the 100 years.
855
00:52:04,315 --> 00:52:07,519
‐ We were making it up
as we went.
856
00:52:07,552 --> 00:52:12,389
This was a group
that was sort of avant‐garde.
857
00:52:12,424 --> 00:52:18,295
‐ Today we're showing
my designs on two models.
858
00:52:18,329 --> 00:52:22,399
It'll work well for television
against the foliage,
859
00:52:22,434 --> 00:52:25,837
the rain forest,
the desert with the beige tone.
860
00:52:25,870 --> 00:52:28,305
That's why I believe
in clear red.
861
00:52:28,339 --> 00:52:31,275
[methodical waltz music]
862
00:52:31,308 --> 00:52:38,249
♪ ♪
863
00:52:40,351 --> 00:52:43,087
‐ Two of the Biospherians
are outside Biosphere 2
864
00:52:43,120 --> 00:52:44,789
this morning
in Oracle, Arizona.
865
00:52:44,822 --> 00:52:47,425
They are botanist Linda Leigh,
and the team's only physician,
866
00:52:47,459 --> 00:52:49,427
Dr. Roy Walford.
Good morning to both of you,
867
00:52:49,461 --> 00:52:52,196
and what in the heck
are you wearing?
868
00:52:52,229 --> 00:52:55,199
‐ Good morning.
Well, these are our suits,
869
00:52:55,232 --> 00:52:57,268
and uniforms that we wear
870
00:52:57,301 --> 00:52:58,302
on state occasions
like this one.
871
00:52:58,335 --> 00:53:00,505
‐ Oh, I see.
You look like something
872
00:53:00,538 --> 00:53:02,206
out of "Star Trek" to me.
873
00:53:02,239 --> 00:53:04,409
‐ Along with the debate
over whether this is science,
874
00:53:04,442 --> 00:53:07,378
or what critics call
ecological entertainment,
875
00:53:07,412 --> 00:53:09,380
there are some
darker questions.
876
00:53:09,414 --> 00:53:11,483
The idea for the Biosphere
was not born
877
00:53:11,516 --> 00:53:14,852
among a group of scientists.
It was born on a commune.
878
00:53:14,886 --> 00:53:16,688
In fact, some of those
who lived there
879
00:53:16,721 --> 00:53:19,156
say it had
the trappings of a cult.
880
00:53:19,190 --> 00:53:21,392
The questions center
around John Allen,
881
00:53:21,426 --> 00:53:23,227
the man considered
the driving force
882
00:53:23,260 --> 00:53:24,862
behind Biosphere 2.
883
00:53:24,896 --> 00:53:27,732
Three former residents
have told ABC News
884
00:53:27,765 --> 00:53:30,702
that Allen preached a blend
of ecology and doom.
885
00:53:30,735 --> 00:53:33,405
‐ There are accounts of how
the commune members took part
886
00:53:33,438 --> 00:53:36,373
in strange costumed rituals.
887
00:53:36,408 --> 00:53:38,676
A Biosphere 2 employee
told NBC News
888
00:53:38,710 --> 00:53:40,545
the people
running the project
889
00:53:40,578 --> 00:53:42,880
are an odd group
of individuals.
890
00:53:42,914 --> 00:53:45,783
He insisted on having
his identity protected.
891
00:53:45,817 --> 00:53:51,823
‐ They don't really strike me
as scientists,
892
00:53:51,856 --> 00:53:54,759
more like a group of people
thrown together
893
00:53:54,792 --> 00:53:56,794
and given a role to play.
894
00:53:56,828 --> 00:53:59,330
‐ The appetite
for sensationalism
895
00:53:59,363 --> 00:54:01,232
sells papers.
896
00:54:01,265 --> 00:54:05,402
Describing complex projects
doesn't sell papers.
897
00:54:05,437 --> 00:54:07,539
‐ Did you feel attacked?
‐ Well, I was attacked,
898
00:54:07,572 --> 00:54:10,875
but I didn't feel that I was.
[laughs]
899
00:54:10,908 --> 00:54:12,877
Here is your brainwashing
cult leader.
900
00:54:12,910 --> 00:54:14,512
[laughs]
901
00:54:14,546 --> 00:54:16,648
♪ ♪
902
00:54:16,681 --> 00:54:18,750
‐ I'm sure John felt
a huge amount of discomfort
903
00:54:18,783 --> 00:54:21,385
at having his accustomed role
904
00:54:21,419 --> 00:54:24,355
as director
of the drama threatened.
905
00:54:24,388 --> 00:54:27,258
‐ Right, grab that...
906
00:54:27,291 --> 00:54:32,530
‐ Frankly, I don't know
any human organization
907
00:54:32,564 --> 00:54:34,466
that does
an innovative startup
908
00:54:34,499 --> 00:54:37,401
that doesn't have
cult‐like aspects,
909
00:54:37,435 --> 00:54:39,804
especially
in the corporate sector.
910
00:54:39,837 --> 00:54:43,941
We are hardwired
to create cults
911
00:54:43,975 --> 00:54:46,778
in the innovative phase
of an organization.
912
00:54:51,916 --> 00:54:53,350
‐ Quick, the press is waiting!
913
00:54:53,384 --> 00:54:55,286
‐ [indistinct]
a new world and future.
914
00:54:55,319 --> 00:54:58,355
‐ From here to Mars!
‐ How exciting.
915
00:54:58,389 --> 00:55:00,725
‐ Smooth sailing.
‐ Younger every day.
916
00:55:00,758 --> 00:55:03,828
[laughter]
917
00:55:04,729 --> 00:55:07,364
‐ Before we went in,
we wrote a play
918
00:55:07,398 --> 00:55:09,000
called "The Wrong Stuff."
919
00:55:09,033 --> 00:55:11,603
‐ You must notify me at least
24 hours in advance
920
00:55:11,636 --> 00:55:14,672
of any water going either
into or out of the system.
921
00:55:15,407 --> 00:55:17,942
‐ Our play was everything
that could go wrong
922
00:55:17,975 --> 00:55:19,944
in the Biosphere went wrong,
923
00:55:20,645 --> 00:55:23,347
thinking that, okay,
if we did it on stage,
924
00:55:23,380 --> 00:55:25,883
then we don't have to do it
in the Biosphere.
925
00:55:25,917 --> 00:55:28,319
‐ [all chanting]
Flush one through the system.
926
00:55:28,352 --> 00:55:30,922
Flush one through the system.
927
00:55:30,955 --> 00:55:32,824
‐ Lunch.
928
00:55:32,857 --> 00:55:35,026
‐ French fries.
929
00:55:35,059 --> 00:55:37,429
[laughter]
930
00:55:37,462 --> 00:55:38,730
‐ ♪ We got the wrong stuff ♪
931
00:55:38,763 --> 00:55:41,566
♪ We got the wrong stuff,
we got the ♪
932
00:55:41,599 --> 00:55:43,968
♪ Got the wrong, wrong stuff ♪
933
00:55:44,001 --> 00:55:46,471
♪ And we're wrong ♪
‐ ♪ We're wrong ♪
934
00:55:46,504 --> 00:55:48,706
‐ ♪ We're wrong ♪
‐ ♪ We're wrong ♪
935
00:55:48,740 --> 00:55:50,742
‐ We're wrong.
‐ Yeah, we're wrong!
936
00:55:50,775 --> 00:55:53,745
[ominous music]
937
00:55:53,778 --> 00:56:00,718
♪ ♪
938
00:56:46,030 --> 00:56:48,866
‐ How can you prepare yourself
for something
939
00:56:48,900 --> 00:56:51,703
that you don't
even know what it is?
940
00:56:51,736 --> 00:56:53,738
That's what an expedition is.
941
00:56:53,771 --> 00:56:56,541
It's a journey
into the unknown.
942
00:56:56,574 --> 00:56:58,710
‐ We can be a threat
to our biosphere,
943
00:56:58,743 --> 00:57:03,347
play a destructive role,
or we can be stewards,
944
00:57:03,380 --> 00:57:05,082
contributing
to the reciprocal maintenance
945
00:57:05,116 --> 00:57:07,051
of natural ecological
processes.
946
00:57:07,084 --> 00:57:09,554
♪ ♪
947
00:57:09,587 --> 00:57:12,524
[cheers and applause]
948
00:57:12,557 --> 00:57:19,497
♪ ♪
949
00:57:28,706 --> 00:57:30,808
‐ Push, push, push, push.
950
00:57:30,842 --> 00:57:32,677
‐ Let me‐‐let me
close it, please.
951
00:57:32,710 --> 00:57:34,045
Be careful with it.
Okay, please?
952
00:57:34,078 --> 00:57:34,946
Yeah, I need to close it.
[indistinct]
953
00:57:34,979 --> 00:57:36,047
‐ Okay.
954
00:57:36,080 --> 00:57:37,549
‐ [indistinct]
Okay.
955
00:57:37,582 --> 00:57:38,916
‐ Let her do it.
Let her do it.
956
00:57:38,950 --> 00:57:40,785
Let her do it.
957
00:57:40,818 --> 00:57:42,386
Okay.
‐ She do it?
958
00:57:42,420 --> 00:57:43,955
‐ Here.
Get back.
959
00:57:43,988 --> 00:57:45,757
‐ [laughs]
960
00:57:45,790 --> 00:57:48,693
[cheers and applause]
961
00:58:01,539 --> 00:58:03,641
[gentle music]
962
00:58:03,675 --> 00:58:06,844
‐ It was such a relief when
the cameras were finally off.
963
00:58:06,878 --> 00:58:13,050
♪ ♪
964
00:58:13,084 --> 00:58:14,619
‐ I went into
the wilderness area,
965
00:58:14,652 --> 00:58:16,754
which was the area
that I was managing.
966
00:58:16,788 --> 00:58:19,691
♪ ♪
967
00:58:19,724 --> 00:58:22,193
And I rained,
I turned the rain on.
968
00:58:22,226 --> 00:58:29,166
♪ ♪
969
00:58:34,639 --> 00:58:37,208
It was just to wash
all the air, thinking,
970
00:58:37,241 --> 00:58:39,744
"Okay, let's just wash
all this other stuff
971
00:58:39,777 --> 00:58:41,546
out of here and begin anew."
972
00:58:41,579 --> 00:58:48,520
♪ ♪
973
00:59:00,264 --> 00:59:04,636
‐ The reality that it was just
the eight of us
974
00:59:04,669 --> 00:59:08,039
in this amazing new world
975
00:59:08,072 --> 00:59:09,807
started to hit.
976
00:59:09,841 --> 00:59:15,513
♪ ♪
977
00:59:15,547 --> 00:59:18,049
You can think and think
and think and think about,
978
00:59:18,082 --> 00:59:20,752
"Oh, I'm going away
for two years,"
979
00:59:20,785 --> 00:59:24,522
but suddenly,
wow, we're here.
980
00:59:24,556 --> 00:59:31,195
♪ ♪
981
00:59:31,228 --> 00:59:33,030
You know, we were pioneers.
982
00:59:33,064 --> 00:59:36,868
We were
the first Biospherians.
983
00:59:36,901 --> 00:59:40,037
There was also this pride.
984
00:59:40,071 --> 00:59:42,807
Hey, you've given us
a new world to, you know,
985
00:59:42,840 --> 00:59:44,509
figure out how to live in,
986
00:59:44,542 --> 00:59:46,143
and we're gonna grow up
with this thing.
987
00:59:46,177 --> 00:59:47,912
We're gonna take care of it.
988
00:59:47,945 --> 00:59:50,715
["This Must Be The Place"
by Talking Heads playing]
989
00:59:50,748 --> 00:59:57,689
♪ ♪
990
01:00:00,992 --> 01:00:04,829
‐ ♪ Home is where
I want to be ♪
991
01:00:04,862 --> 01:00:08,633
♪ Pick me up
and turn me round ♪
992
01:00:08,666 --> 01:00:11,268
‐ Sally Silverstone‐‐
she used to joke,
993
01:00:11,302 --> 01:00:14,071
"I managed a mental hospital
in India.
994
01:00:14,105 --> 01:00:16,641
"You know, that's nothing
compared to managing
995
01:00:16,674 --> 01:00:18,910
eight Biospherians."
996
01:00:18,943 --> 01:00:21,846
‐ I was a huge space nut
when I was a kid.
997
01:00:21,879 --> 01:00:24,949
I loved the idea
of colonizing other planets.
998
01:00:24,982 --> 01:00:26,984
I loved science fiction movies
999
01:00:27,018 --> 01:00:29,286
where people were all living
under glass domes,
1000
01:00:29,320 --> 01:00:31,956
and, you know,
growing their own food.
1001
01:00:31,989 --> 01:00:35,326
I was really interested to see
if we were going to be able
1002
01:00:35,359 --> 01:00:39,897
to feed ourselves off
this tiny piece of land.
1003
01:00:39,931 --> 01:00:43,635
‐ Taber MacCallum,
the wunderkind of Biosphere 2.
1004
01:00:44,301 --> 01:00:48,205
‐ Taber is a genius, so he
brought that to the table,
1005
01:00:48,239 --> 01:00:52,009
but he also really knew a lot
about closed systems
1006
01:00:52,043 --> 01:00:54,045
from his experience in diving,
1007
01:00:54,078 --> 01:00:56,180
so he did a lot
of the work involved
1008
01:00:56,213 --> 01:00:59,183
with testing of the atmosphere
and soils.
1009
01:00:59,216 --> 01:01:02,620
♪ ♪
1010
01:01:02,654 --> 01:01:05,923
‐ Jane Pointer, our field
manager of the agriculture.
1011
01:01:05,957 --> 01:01:08,860
‐ Jane was wonderful
with the animal systems.
1012
01:01:08,893 --> 01:01:11,863
She took care of our chickens
and our goats,
1013
01:01:11,896 --> 01:01:13,297
our wonderful goats.
1014
01:01:13,330 --> 01:01:18,302
♪ ♪
1015
01:01:18,335 --> 01:01:20,605
‐ Taber and Jane,
1016
01:01:20,638 --> 01:01:23,975
and Gay, Laser‐‐
they were couples,
1017
01:01:24,008 --> 01:01:27,044
you know, before they came in.
1018
01:01:27,078 --> 01:01:31,315
Laser, he appears,
and he can fix anything.
1019
01:01:31,348 --> 01:01:38,122
‐ So he knew that thing
like the back of his hand.
1020
01:01:38,155 --> 01:01:40,792
‐ Gay Alling,
the marine biologist.
1021
01:01:40,825 --> 01:01:44,161
‐ She had put
this little ocean together
1022
01:01:44,195 --> 01:01:45,863
against all odds.
1023
01:01:45,897 --> 01:01:49,333
♪ ♪
1024
01:01:49,366 --> 01:01:52,136
‐ Roy Walford was
our medical officer.
1025
01:01:52,169 --> 01:01:54,406
He was a great scientist,
1026
01:01:54,439 --> 01:01:59,744
looking at the effect of diet
on the aging process.
1027
01:01:59,777 --> 01:02:02,814
‐ Each week, Dr. Roy Walford
swims two miles
1028
01:02:02,847 --> 01:02:04,649
and then runs another ten.
1029
01:02:04,682 --> 01:02:07,852
You probably wouldn't guess
he was 60 years old.
1030
01:02:07,885 --> 01:02:10,121
What's more,
Dr. Walford says at that age,
1031
01:02:10,154 --> 01:02:12,657
his life is only
about half over.
1032
01:02:12,690 --> 01:02:14,992
120 years, he says,
1033
01:02:15,026 --> 01:02:17,294
is his life expectancy,
maybe more.
1034
01:02:17,328 --> 01:02:20,998
‐ Roy was your archetypal
mad scientist‐
1035
01:02:21,032 --> 01:02:25,269
cum‐avant‐garde theater person
and explorer,
1036
01:02:25,302 --> 01:02:27,405
rolled up into one.
1037
01:02:27,439 --> 01:02:30,141
‐ ♪ Nothing ♪
1038
01:02:30,174 --> 01:02:32,043
♪ ♪
1039
01:02:32,076 --> 01:02:34,278
‐ We were all working together
1040
01:02:34,311 --> 01:02:36,448
because we all had
this common goal,
1041
01:02:36,481 --> 01:02:40,117
and it was something
we all really believed in.
1042
01:02:40,151 --> 01:02:42,420
♪ ♪
1043
01:02:42,454 --> 01:02:45,389
[somber orchestral music]
1044
01:02:45,423 --> 01:02:52,329
♪ ♪
1045
01:02:55,232 --> 01:02:57,935
‐ My absolute joy
inside Biosphere 2
1046
01:02:57,969 --> 01:03:02,474
was to get up really,
really early in the morning,
1047
01:03:02,507 --> 01:03:06,243
to just go out onto
the little balcony overlooked
1048
01:03:06,277 --> 01:03:08,345
our agricultural system.
1049
01:03:08,379 --> 01:03:09,981
Very early in the morning,
1050
01:03:10,014 --> 01:03:12,216
I'd make myself
a cup of mint tea
1051
01:03:12,249 --> 01:03:15,286
and just watch the sun
come up over the Biosphere.
1052
01:03:15,319 --> 01:03:17,489
It was absolutely phenomenal.
1053
01:03:17,522 --> 01:03:21,459
♪ ♪
1054
01:03:21,493 --> 01:03:24,462
[chimes ringing]
1055
01:03:24,496 --> 01:03:27,098
♪ ♪
1056
01:03:28,365 --> 01:03:32,303
[indistinct speech]
1057
01:03:32,336 --> 01:03:34,271
‐ [laughs]
1058
01:04:15,012 --> 01:04:17,949
[light music]
1059
01:04:17,982 --> 01:04:25,189
♪ ♪
1060
01:04:26,123 --> 01:04:27,959
‐ We have to take care
of our Biosphere,
1061
01:04:27,992 --> 01:04:29,494
because it's gonna
take care of us.
1062
01:04:29,527 --> 01:04:35,199
♪ ♪
1063
01:04:35,232 --> 01:04:38,903
Everything was being recycled.
Everything was being replaced.
1064
01:04:38,936 --> 01:04:42,373
The nutrients were all being
put back into the same system.
1065
01:04:42,407 --> 01:04:48,112
♪ ♪
1066
01:04:48,145 --> 01:04:50,515
‐ Everyone was super aware
that Biosphere 2
1067
01:04:50,548 --> 01:04:54,919
was literally our lifeboat.
1068
01:04:54,952 --> 01:04:58,055
We had to manage carefully
the cycles
1069
01:04:58,089 --> 01:05:00,525
of carbon dioxide and oxygen,
1070
01:05:00,558 --> 01:05:03,327
because our greatest fear
was that CO2
1071
01:05:03,360 --> 01:05:05,062
was going to get so high
1072
01:05:05,096 --> 01:05:07,198
that we'd be driven
out of the biosphere.
1073
01:05:07,231 --> 01:05:10,167
♪ ♪
1074
01:05:10,201 --> 01:05:12,303
‐ I loved seeing
1075
01:05:12,336 --> 01:05:16,173
the consequences
of my actions right away.
1076
01:05:16,207 --> 01:05:19,611
If I picked a sweet potato
out of the soil,
1077
01:05:19,644 --> 01:05:23,214
there would be
a poof of carbon dioxide.
1078
01:05:23,247 --> 01:05:25,583
We could kind of get
a good feeling
1079
01:05:25,617 --> 01:05:28,920
for what our impact was
on the atmosphere.
1080
01:05:28,953 --> 01:05:31,288
‐ I have
a personal relationship
1081
01:05:31,322 --> 01:05:35,460
with every single plant
in the rain forest,
1082
01:05:35,493 --> 01:05:41,198
in the savanna, in the desert,
either having touched it
1083
01:05:41,232 --> 01:05:48,005
because I collected it,
or grew it, or accessioned it,
1084
01:05:48,039 --> 01:05:52,510
or photographed it,
planted it, propagated it.
1085
01:05:52,544 --> 01:05:56,614
I have connections with the
whole world of life in here.
1086
01:05:56,648 --> 01:05:59,451
[warm brass music]
1087
01:05:59,484 --> 01:06:02,119
♪ ♪
1088
01:06:02,153 --> 01:06:05,523
‐ Roy was filming continually.
1089
01:06:05,557 --> 01:06:12,497
♪ ♪
1090
01:06:15,199 --> 01:06:17,969
Roy's filming of life
1091
01:06:18,002 --> 01:06:22,273
inside Biosphere 2
is tremendously valuable data.
1092
01:06:22,306 --> 01:06:25,376
‐ We were learning
the most phenomenal amount
1093
01:06:25,410 --> 01:06:27,545
from that system.
1094
01:06:27,579 --> 01:06:31,916
‐ We actually had 64 separate
research projects going on.
1095
01:06:31,949 --> 01:06:35,186
There were over 1,000 sensors,
1096
01:06:35,219 --> 01:06:39,457
tons and tons of data.
1097
01:06:39,491 --> 01:06:43,561
We were monitoring critical
vectors like trace gases
1098
01:06:43,595 --> 01:06:46,397
and what was happening
with the atmosphere.
1099
01:06:46,431 --> 01:06:48,933
Everything accelerated.
1100
01:06:48,966 --> 01:06:50,668
The cycles were literally
1101
01:06:50,702 --> 01:06:54,539
thousands of times faster
in Biosphere 2.
1102
01:06:54,572 --> 01:06:57,374
‐ I'm making measurements
in the analytical lab
1103
01:06:57,409 --> 01:06:59,010
so that we can
better understand
1104
01:06:59,043 --> 01:07:01,312
the biogeochemical cycles
1105
01:07:01,345 --> 01:07:03,380
that are occurring
in Biosphere 2.
1106
01:07:03,415 --> 01:07:06,317
‐ With the conventional
scientific thinking,
1107
01:07:06,350 --> 01:07:09,253
you had hypotheses,
1108
01:07:09,286 --> 01:07:12,189
but we did
a lot of what we did
1109
01:07:12,223 --> 01:07:16,260
based on more of a different
way of doing science.
1110
01:07:16,293 --> 01:07:21,566
The idea was, here's all this
stuff, and what's gonna happen?
1111
01:07:23,601 --> 01:07:28,105
‐ The planet urgently needs
to study biospheres.
1112
01:07:28,139 --> 01:07:32,309
This is the first laboratory.
1113
01:07:32,343 --> 01:07:34,579
If we can transplant
a coral reef
1114
01:07:34,612 --> 01:07:38,082
and keep it healthy,
1115
01:07:38,115 --> 01:07:40,752
if we can run a farm
and not pollute the atmosphere
1116
01:07:40,785 --> 01:07:45,423
and the water,
recycle all the nutrients,
1117
01:07:45,457 --> 01:07:48,025
there are huge lessons
to be learned here.
1118
01:07:48,059 --> 01:07:52,697
‐ Okay, I'd like to welcome
everybody to Biosphere 2.
1119
01:07:52,730 --> 01:07:54,131
‐ Come on in.
‐ Thank you.
1120
01:07:54,165 --> 01:07:56,434
‐ All right, thank you.
1121
01:07:56,468 --> 01:08:00,037
‐ That is Mark Nelson.
1122
01:08:00,071 --> 01:08:01,773
Mark Nelson.
1123
01:08:01,806 --> 01:08:04,075
He's the
communication officer inside.
1124
01:08:04,108 --> 01:08:05,777
[upbeat music]
1125
01:08:05,810 --> 01:08:08,746
‐ People started showing up,
wanting to see everything,
1126
01:08:08,780 --> 01:08:10,582
and they wanted tours.
1127
01:08:10,615 --> 01:08:12,750
They'd heard
about this amazing place.
1128
01:08:12,784 --> 01:08:15,019
So we set up a visitor center.
1129
01:08:15,052 --> 01:08:19,757
We were hoping that that would
pay for a great deal of it,
1130
01:08:19,791 --> 01:08:21,493
which it didn't.
1131
01:08:21,526 --> 01:08:24,128
♪ ♪
1132
01:08:24,161 --> 01:08:26,397
‐ Where do we get the T‐shirts?
1133
01:08:26,431 --> 01:08:28,533
‐ What we're upset is that
1134
01:08:28,566 --> 01:08:30,435
there's no multiculturalism
inside.
1135
01:08:30,468 --> 01:08:32,470
‐ I would like to know‐‐
I would like to know
1136
01:08:32,504 --> 01:08:34,572
what a young black woman
from Brooklyn
1137
01:08:34,606 --> 01:08:37,542
would do in a biosphere, huh?
1138
01:08:37,575 --> 01:08:39,577
‐ Nothing can get in,
and nothing can get out.
1139
01:08:39,611 --> 01:08:42,780
I'm wondering‐‐I'm wondering
how long they can last in there
1140
01:08:42,814 --> 01:08:44,482
without getting sick
or something.
1141
01:08:44,516 --> 01:08:46,484
‐ Emily, you think
you're gonna live in a place
1142
01:08:46,518 --> 01:08:48,586
like that someday?
Yeah?
1143
01:08:48,620 --> 01:08:51,388
‐ This is an excellent model
for the future,
1144
01:08:51,423 --> 01:08:53,458
but it won't work.
People are too mean.
1145
01:08:53,491 --> 01:08:57,829
People are too abusive, yeah.
People abuse our world.
1146
01:08:57,862 --> 01:08:59,831
Our world's
going down the tubes.
1147
01:08:59,864 --> 01:09:02,266
‐ The Biosphere dazzles
the eye.
1148
01:09:02,299 --> 01:09:03,735
There is no dispute
about that.
1149
01:09:03,768 --> 01:09:05,703
But is it science?
1150
01:09:05,737 --> 01:09:08,039
‐ It is a great adventure.
1151
01:09:08,540 --> 01:09:10,708
And as adventure,
you know, fine.
1152
01:09:10,742 --> 01:09:12,610
That's not science.
1153
01:09:12,644 --> 01:09:15,279
‐ University of Texas
ecologist Bassett McGuire
1154
01:09:15,312 --> 01:09:16,748
and other scientists say
1155
01:09:16,781 --> 01:09:19,350
no matter what happens
inside the Biosphere,
1156
01:09:19,383 --> 01:09:22,286
nothing will be proved,
because the showy experiment
1157
01:09:22,319 --> 01:09:25,156
cannot be duplicated
to double‐check results,
1158
01:09:25,189 --> 01:09:28,526
and they say the project
combines too many unknowns.
1159
01:09:28,560 --> 01:09:30,528
‐ So, if this isn't science,
what is it?
1160
01:09:31,195 --> 01:09:34,131
‐ Well, I like to describe
Biosphere 2
1161
01:09:34,165 --> 01:09:35,867
as trendy
ecological entertainment.
1162
01:09:35,900 --> 01:09:42,840
♪ ♪
1163
01:09:51,883 --> 01:09:53,518
‐ We were having
1164
01:09:53,551 --> 01:09:56,320
such a wonderful time
in there,
1165
01:09:56,353 --> 01:10:00,458
and then this really
shocking thing happened.
1166
01:10:00,492 --> 01:10:04,729
Jane Pointer put her hand
into a grain threshing machine
1167
01:10:04,762 --> 01:10:08,766
without turning it off.
1168
01:10:08,800 --> 01:10:11,803
I actually remember unpacking
the threshing machine
1169
01:10:11,836 --> 01:10:13,638
and finding
the tip of her finger.
1170
01:10:13,671 --> 01:10:17,241
[string music]
1171
01:10:17,274 --> 01:10:18,643
‐ There was debate
whether it would be
1172
01:10:18,676 --> 01:10:23,180
a breach of protocol
for her to leave.
1173
01:10:23,214 --> 01:10:25,817
‐ Go out and see
a hand surgeon...
1174
01:10:25,850 --> 01:10:27,852
‐ You mean I'd have to go out?
1175
01:10:27,885 --> 01:10:30,354
‐ [indistinct]
1176
01:10:30,387 --> 01:10:32,624
‐ We decided, okay,
1177
01:10:32,657 --> 01:10:35,359
if Jane eats nothing
outside...
1178
01:10:35,392 --> 01:10:38,229
♪ ♪
1179
01:10:38,262 --> 01:10:41,165
Goes to the hospital
in the ambulance with me,
1180
01:10:41,198 --> 01:10:42,534
I'm there the whole time
1181
01:10:42,567 --> 01:10:45,903
to make sure
nothing non‐kosher happens,
1182
01:10:45,937 --> 01:10:48,640
and then we bring her back
through the airlock.
1183
01:10:48,673 --> 01:10:52,243
[cheers and applause]
1184
01:10:52,276 --> 01:10:54,479
‐ Bye again!
1185
01:10:54,512 --> 01:10:55,913
‐ Bye again.
1186
01:10:55,947 --> 01:10:59,884
‐ And we thought
it would be just a blip.
1187
01:10:59,917 --> 01:11:02,454
♪ ♪
1188
01:11:02,487 --> 01:11:05,189
‐ Biospherian Jane Pointer had
to emerge briefly
1189
01:11:05,222 --> 01:11:07,525
for surgery on a finger.
1190
01:11:07,559 --> 01:11:09,794
It was later learned
that she carried a duffel bag
1191
01:11:09,827 --> 01:11:12,430
full of supplies
back in with her.
1192
01:11:12,464 --> 01:11:14,432
‐ I put some of the stuff
in the bag.
1193
01:11:16,534 --> 01:11:18,970
You know, what could one say?
What are you doing?
1194
01:11:19,003 --> 01:11:20,337
Bringing stuff
in the Biosphere?
1195
01:11:20,371 --> 01:11:22,373
Bad news.
1196
01:11:22,407 --> 01:11:24,909
‐ And she came back
with two duffel bags.
1197
01:11:24,942 --> 01:11:28,780
Computer parts,
maybe an extra T‐shirt.
1198
01:11:28,813 --> 01:11:33,384
♪ ♪
1199
01:11:33,418 --> 01:11:34,952
It's a really
interesting thing
1200
01:11:34,986 --> 01:11:36,654
to see how the media
1201
01:11:36,688 --> 01:11:40,825
suddenly made Biosphere 2
into a game show
1202
01:11:40,858 --> 01:11:43,461
where the only question was,
1203
01:11:43,495 --> 01:11:45,630
will eight people stay in there
for two years,
1204
01:11:45,663 --> 01:11:47,665
and will everything
work perfectly?
1205
01:11:47,699 --> 01:11:49,801
‐ Directors
of the Biosphere 2 project
1206
01:11:49,834 --> 01:11:51,368
are defending themselves
1207
01:11:51,402 --> 01:11:53,671
against charges
of public deception.
1208
01:11:53,705 --> 01:11:55,540
‐ In the forefront now
is the question
1209
01:11:55,573 --> 01:11:56,841
of whether living
1210
01:11:56,874 --> 01:11:59,577
in this earthbound
enclosed environment
1211
01:11:59,611 --> 01:12:02,547
is possible without
a lot of help from the outside.
1212
01:12:02,580 --> 01:12:04,516
♪ ♪
1213
01:12:04,549 --> 01:12:09,754
‐ Once the negativity started,
John was very upset and hurt.
1214
01:12:11,423 --> 01:12:13,458
‐ Don't show that,
or I'm gonna do something.
1215
01:12:14,792 --> 01:12:16,828
‐ There was a lot of paranoia.
1216
01:12:16,861 --> 01:12:20,632
Margaret and John wanted
to control the situation.
1217
01:12:20,665 --> 01:12:22,366
I told Margaret,
1218
01:12:22,399 --> 01:12:27,038
"Disclose everything
and we'll be all right,"
1219
01:12:27,071 --> 01:12:30,842
but Margaret did not agree
with this point of view.
1220
01:12:30,875 --> 01:12:32,610
‐ Margaret,
I'd like to ask you something,
1221
01:12:32,644 --> 01:12:35,613
because from the tone of it,
I'm a little surprised.
1222
01:12:35,647 --> 01:12:37,482
You're making it sound
as though
1223
01:12:37,515 --> 01:12:40,852
this is
part of normal procedure.
1224
01:12:40,885 --> 01:12:44,822
‐ Margaret and John started
to become more secretive,
1225
01:12:44,856 --> 01:12:47,725
and this only reinforced
1226
01:12:47,759 --> 01:12:50,495
the idea that there
was something to hide.
1227
01:12:50,528 --> 01:12:55,900
♪ ♪
1228
01:13:19,591 --> 01:13:21,826
‐ I tell you what was
really stressful is,
1229
01:13:21,859 --> 01:13:23,661
when Jane got back in,
1230
01:13:23,695 --> 01:13:27,499
she was pretty much
incapacitated.
1231
01:13:27,532 --> 01:13:29,667
We had to take up
her farming work.
1232
01:13:29,701 --> 01:13:32,570
[serene music]
1233
01:13:32,604 --> 01:13:34,506
And I do remember, you know,
1234
01:13:34,539 --> 01:13:38,943
Roy, pretty early on, saying
that he resented
1235
01:13:38,976 --> 01:13:42,614
that he didn't have
as much time to do research
1236
01:13:42,647 --> 01:13:45,550
because he was taking part
in farming chores.
1237
01:13:45,583 --> 01:13:50,121
♪ ♪
1238
01:13:50,154 --> 01:13:52,824
People are people,
and, you know,
1239
01:13:52,857 --> 01:13:55,860
squabbling,
and personality conflicts.
1240
01:13:55,893 --> 01:13:57,795
‐ Oh, for heaven's sake.
‐ Eek!
1241
01:13:57,829 --> 01:14:01,365
[indistinct]
I dropped my shears.
1242
01:14:01,398 --> 01:14:03,067
‐ Don't get so excited
you fall, Jane.
1243
01:14:03,100 --> 01:14:05,703
It's not worth it
for a cockroach.
1244
01:14:09,106 --> 01:14:10,041
‐ What?
1245
01:14:12,710 --> 01:14:14,579
‐ Nobody knew what
it would be like
1246
01:14:14,612 --> 01:14:17,615
to live with seven people
for two years.
1247
01:14:17,649 --> 01:14:22,119
♪ ♪
1248
01:14:22,153 --> 01:14:26,691
‐ Nothing improved morale
like a really good meal.
1249
01:14:26,724 --> 01:14:33,931
♪ ♪
1250
01:14:34,632 --> 01:14:37,669
We had no artificial sugar
at all inside Biosphere 2,
1251
01:14:37,702 --> 01:14:40,438
so all of our birthday cakes
were banana‐flavored.
1252
01:14:40,472 --> 01:14:42,640
♪ ♪
1253
01:14:42,674 --> 01:14:45,743
I was really proud
of my birthday cakes,
1254
01:14:45,777 --> 01:14:49,447
because it was extremely
difficult to make a cake
1255
01:14:49,481 --> 01:14:55,720
with no butter, a few eggs,
hardly any oil, and no sugar.
1256
01:14:55,753 --> 01:14:57,689
♪ ♪
1257
01:14:57,722 --> 01:15:01,058
I knew that cake was
gonna disappear in seconds.
1258
01:15:01,092 --> 01:15:04,161
♪ ♪
1259
01:15:04,195 --> 01:15:07,765
Banana was the best candidate
to try and make wine.
1260
01:15:07,799 --> 01:15:12,937
I think the banana wine might
have been good eventually,
1261
01:15:12,970 --> 01:15:15,773
but it never lived that long.
1262
01:15:15,807 --> 01:15:17,875
The minute it had
alcoholic content,
1263
01:15:17,909 --> 01:15:18,876
that was it.
1264
01:15:18,910 --> 01:15:20,077
♪ ♪
1265
01:15:48,873 --> 01:15:51,776
[vocal music playing on radio]
1266
01:15:51,809 --> 01:15:58,015
♪ ♪
1267
01:16:11,563 --> 01:16:14,532
[upbeat music]
1268
01:16:14,566 --> 01:16:21,573
♪ ♪
1269
01:16:21,606 --> 01:16:24,509
[relaxed music playing]
1270
01:16:24,542 --> 01:16:31,483
♪ ♪
1271
01:17:28,372 --> 01:17:31,308
[gentle piano music]
1272
01:17:31,342 --> 01:17:38,750
♪ ♪
1273
01:17:39,717 --> 01:17:44,889
‐ I had this dream Biosphere 2
is starting to levitate.
1274
01:17:44,922 --> 01:17:48,359
It's starting to go
into orbit,
1275
01:17:48,392 --> 01:17:50,161
and so I'm madly running,
1276
01:17:50,194 --> 01:17:52,163
and I'm saying,
you know, the other seven,
1277
01:17:52,196 --> 01:17:54,131
we're all running to be
the first people
1278
01:17:54,165 --> 01:17:56,901
to see the Earth
from inside Biosphere 2.
1279
01:17:56,934 --> 01:18:00,805
♪ ♪
1280
01:18:00,838 --> 01:18:03,841
We were like an intrepid
group of astronauts.
1281
01:18:03,875 --> 01:18:09,881
♪ ♪
1282
01:18:09,914 --> 01:18:12,316
We're on the Moon, or Mars.
1283
01:18:12,349 --> 01:18:19,156
♪ ♪
1284
01:18:26,330 --> 01:18:32,770
‐ I was outside looking in,
working with mission control.
1285
01:18:32,804 --> 01:18:34,672
‐ Take a little tour around.
1286
01:18:34,706 --> 01:18:38,275
This is the computer room,
the Telex room.
1287
01:18:38,309 --> 01:18:42,780
‐ Mission control
was an entire team
1288
01:18:42,814 --> 01:18:48,352
recording the data
from Biosphere 2.
1289
01:18:48,385 --> 01:18:50,888
‐ My office was in
mission control,
1290
01:18:50,922 --> 01:18:54,225
on second floor, right down
the hall from the CEO.
1291
01:18:54,258 --> 01:18:56,193
[synth music]
1292
01:18:56,227 --> 01:18:58,830
When you're doing
the finance ends of things,
1293
01:18:58,863 --> 01:19:00,665
you're not a front person.
1294
01:19:00,698 --> 01:19:02,900
You're hidden
behind the scenes.
1295
01:19:02,934 --> 01:19:05,302
♪ ♪
1296
01:19:05,336 --> 01:19:08,239
And I made it a purpose often
to run around the Biosphere
1297
01:19:08,272 --> 01:19:12,744
most every day,
1298
01:19:12,777 --> 01:19:16,213
and look at it.
That was my exercise.
1299
01:19:16,247 --> 01:19:18,850
That was my daily run.
1300
01:19:18,883 --> 01:19:20,885
♪ ♪
1301
01:19:20,918 --> 01:19:23,054
I‐‐yeah, I felt
very, very connected
1302
01:19:23,087 --> 01:19:24,889
to everybody in there.
1303
01:19:24,922 --> 01:19:31,863
♪ ♪
1304
01:19:34,198 --> 01:19:36,367
‐ Every day,
John was in mission control
1305
01:19:36,400 --> 01:19:38,936
monitoring the project.
1306
01:19:38,970 --> 01:19:42,840
People had
different pressures on them
1307
01:19:42,874 --> 01:19:45,076
by the enormity of the project
1308
01:19:45,109 --> 01:19:51,048
and its profile in the media.
John Allen‐‐
1309
01:19:51,082 --> 01:19:54,151
he's always thinking
about the project itself,
1310
01:19:54,185 --> 01:19:56,187
thinking about
every possible thing
1311
01:19:56,220 --> 01:19:57,822
that he thought
could go wrong.
1312
01:19:57,855 --> 01:20:04,796
♪ ♪
1313
01:20:11,368 --> 01:20:14,171
‐ There was this mysterious
thing that happened,
1314
01:20:14,205 --> 01:20:18,375
a sudden spike increase in CO2.
1315
01:20:18,410 --> 01:20:19,977
‐ I mean, it was
a substantial rise
1316
01:20:20,011 --> 01:20:23,748
in carbon dioxide.
1317
01:20:23,781 --> 01:20:26,217
‐ I couldn't finish
a long sentence
1318
01:20:26,250 --> 01:20:28,352
without stopping to take
a breath or two.
1319
01:20:28,385 --> 01:20:29,921
‐ Walking up the steps,
1320
01:20:29,954 --> 01:20:31,889
I could only walk
a couple steps,
1321
01:20:31,923 --> 01:20:37,028
and then I'd have to stop
and take a breath.
1322
01:20:37,061 --> 01:20:38,830
‐ You know,
the onset of winter
1323
01:20:38,863 --> 01:20:40,364
was kind of scary times.
1324
01:20:40,397 --> 01:20:44,268
♪ ♪
1325
01:20:44,301 --> 01:20:48,873
As the days got shorter,
we were pretty scared, one,
1326
01:20:48,906 --> 01:20:51,175
that we couldn't control CO2.
1327
01:20:51,208 --> 01:20:55,346
Whereas food also got shorter,
crops took longer to mature.
1328
01:20:55,379 --> 01:20:58,516
♪ ♪
1329
01:20:58,550 --> 01:21:00,985
‐ We had to make
some pretty hard decisions,
1330
01:21:01,018 --> 01:21:05,022
because some crops
were just way more productive
1331
01:21:05,056 --> 01:21:06,858
than others,
even though we might have been
1332
01:21:06,891 --> 01:21:10,428
sick of eating
that particular thing.
1333
01:21:10,462 --> 01:21:15,967
Beetroot soup, beetroot salad,
and with a side of beetroot.
1334
01:21:16,000 --> 01:21:19,871
♪ ♪
1335
01:21:19,904 --> 01:21:22,173
Roy Walford,
who was our doctor‐‐
1336
01:21:22,206 --> 01:21:25,176
his theory was that
a low calorie diet
1337
01:21:25,209 --> 01:21:29,213
was the secret to longevity.
1338
01:21:29,246 --> 01:21:32,950
‐ Roy's whole thing was that
if you did it intelligently,
1339
01:21:32,984 --> 01:21:37,955
you could half starve to death
and live well to 120 years.
1340
01:21:37,989 --> 01:21:41,158
‐ And this was the perfect
research opportunity for him.
1341
01:21:41,192 --> 01:21:46,498
♪ ♪
1342
01:21:46,531 --> 01:21:51,436
‐ I made this calculation.
If this weight loss continues,
1343
01:21:51,469 --> 01:21:54,906
I will be ‐90 pounds
when I leave.
1344
01:21:54,939 --> 01:21:57,875
[somber music]
1345
01:21:57,909 --> 01:22:02,379
♪ ♪
1346
01:22:02,414 --> 01:22:05,049
‐ We saw that the oxygen was
really getting low,
1347
01:22:05,082 --> 01:22:09,220
to a point where
it could cause brain damage,
1348
01:22:09,253 --> 01:22:12,123
and I think one of the reasons
that our group of eight
1349
01:22:12,156 --> 01:22:15,159
were belligerent
towards each other was,
1350
01:22:15,192 --> 01:22:18,430
we were suffocating
and starving.
1351
01:22:18,463 --> 01:22:20,397
‐ Started out
by fucking saying,
1352
01:22:20,432 --> 01:22:22,434
I'm staying down here,
watching the creek.
1353
01:22:22,467 --> 01:22:26,638
♪ ♪
1354
01:22:26,671 --> 01:22:29,607
‐ The fighting is taking away
from us coalescing
1355
01:22:29,641 --> 01:22:33,077
as a group
to accomplish our objectives.
1356
01:22:33,110 --> 01:22:35,212
‐ John said,
"Oh, you need to start
1357
01:22:35,246 --> 01:22:36,614
"doing some advanced yoga
1358
01:22:36,648 --> 01:22:38,916
so you don't use
as much oxygen."
1359
01:22:38,950 --> 01:22:40,585
♪ ♪
1360
01:22:40,618 --> 01:22:43,054
I started to resent
John Allen.
1361
01:22:43,087 --> 01:22:46,090
♪ ♪
1362
01:22:46,123 --> 01:22:49,594
‐ We had occasional meetings
with John via video.
1363
01:22:49,627 --> 01:22:51,596
♪ ♪
1364
01:22:51,629 --> 01:22:55,467
There was a lot of personal
animosities towards John.
1365
01:22:55,500 --> 01:23:00,938
♪ ♪
1366
01:23:00,972 --> 01:23:05,076
‐ John Allen controls who gets
to communicate with whom.
1367
01:23:05,109 --> 01:23:07,579
‐ Mm‐hmm.
‐ And there are certain people
1368
01:23:07,612 --> 01:23:10,381
that I'm not supposed
to talk to who are scientists,
1369
01:23:10,415 --> 01:23:12,249
who I would really like
to talk to,
1370
01:23:12,283 --> 01:23:15,086
particularly about oxygen,
and these are people
1371
01:23:15,119 --> 01:23:17,021
that I'm not supposed
to talk with directly.
1372
01:23:17,054 --> 01:23:21,092
♪ ♪
1373
01:23:21,125 --> 01:23:26,263
‐ John‐‐he had created
this whole world.
1374
01:23:26,297 --> 01:23:29,667
♪ ♪
1375
01:23:29,701 --> 01:23:31,503
Oh, I think a part of him,
1376
01:23:31,536 --> 01:23:34,005
like any red‐blooded
white American male,
1377
01:23:34,038 --> 01:23:35,973
wanted that god‐like power.
1378
01:23:36,007 --> 01:23:39,644
♪ ♪
1379
01:23:39,677 --> 01:23:41,613
‐ This was [indistinct].
1380
01:23:41,646 --> 01:23:44,449
[actors hooting]
1381
01:23:44,482 --> 01:23:46,684
‐ Can the actors go on?
1382
01:23:46,718 --> 01:23:50,054
It's dramatic.
1383
01:23:50,087 --> 01:23:53,190
Nobody knows,
1384
01:23:53,224 --> 01:23:57,294
until the very end,
1385
01:23:57,328 --> 01:24:00,297
what was gonna happen.
1386
01:24:00,331 --> 01:24:03,067
‐ In our horrible situation,
1387
01:24:03,100 --> 01:24:06,170
we've been deprived
of these basic needs.
1388
01:24:06,203 --> 01:24:09,340
‐ A horrible situation!
1389
01:24:09,373 --> 01:24:14,078
‐ It was an experiment
to humans in a way.
1390
01:24:14,111 --> 01:24:16,514
‐ Eight people
in the Biosphere.
1391
01:24:16,548 --> 01:24:20,351
Eight supple arms have I,
one for each and eight for all,
1392
01:24:20,384 --> 01:24:23,555
as one by one they die.
1393
01:24:28,726 --> 01:24:31,696
[spacey music]
1394
01:24:31,729 --> 01:24:38,636
♪ ♪
1395
01:24:53,485 --> 01:24:55,720
‐ There were many times
I would get calls
1396
01:24:55,753 --> 01:24:59,156
from reporters,
saying "Is it true that..."
1397
01:24:59,190 --> 01:25:02,026
and I would say, "I don't
think so, but I'll check,
1398
01:25:02,059 --> 01:25:08,032
and get back to you,"
and lo and behold, it was true.
1399
01:25:08,065 --> 01:25:10,802
[foreboding music]
1400
01:25:10,835 --> 01:25:17,409
♪ ♪
1401
01:25:17,442 --> 01:25:20,712
‐ Eyewitness News has learned
there is a potential problem
1402
01:25:20,745 --> 01:25:22,814
at the Biosphere near Oracle.
1403
01:25:22,847 --> 01:25:25,683
Hours before that
huge experiment was sealed,
1404
01:25:25,717 --> 01:25:29,353
Biosphere officials secretly
installed a CO2 scrubber,
1405
01:25:29,386 --> 01:25:31,689
a mechanical device
to remove CO2
1406
01:25:31,723 --> 01:25:34,358
from the atmosphere
inside Biosphere.
1407
01:25:34,391 --> 01:25:36,127
‐ One of the top scientists
resigned
1408
01:25:36,160 --> 01:25:38,062
over that added technology.
1409
01:25:38,095 --> 01:25:39,230
He and some others charge
1410
01:25:39,263 --> 01:25:42,399
it flies in the face
of the original concept.
1411
01:25:42,434 --> 01:25:46,638
‐ A CO2 scrubber that was
not divulged to the media
1412
01:25:46,671 --> 01:25:47,705
and the rest of the world
1413
01:25:47,739 --> 01:25:49,441
would seem to me to say
1414
01:25:49,474 --> 01:25:52,644
that they've changed the rules.
1415
01:25:52,677 --> 01:25:56,514
‐ There was so much to‐do made
about inconsequential things,
1416
01:25:56,548 --> 01:25:59,216
like the famous
carbon scrubber.
1417
01:25:59,250 --> 01:26:04,188
That could only take out
a limited amount of CO2.
1418
01:26:04,221 --> 01:26:09,326
It wasn't gonna save us,
and we used that sparingly.
1419
01:26:09,360 --> 01:26:11,328
But we needed to be
1420
01:26:11,362 --> 01:26:14,599
much more transparent
with the outside world.
1421
01:26:14,632 --> 01:26:18,636
‐ Biosphere 2 is billed as
a search for scientific truth,
1422
01:26:18,670 --> 01:26:20,738
but the principals behind it
1423
01:26:20,772 --> 01:26:23,675
seem to spend an awful lot
of their time stonewalling.
1424
01:26:23,708 --> 01:26:25,477
‐ Biosphere officials
turned down
1425
01:26:25,510 --> 01:26:27,244
our request for interviews.
1426
01:26:27,278 --> 01:26:29,146
We didn't have any better luck
when we caught up
1427
01:26:29,180 --> 01:26:31,516
with one of those officials,
John Allen,
1428
01:26:31,549 --> 01:26:33,818
and an aide, at a scientific
conference in Alabama.
1429
01:26:35,286 --> 01:26:38,790
‐ Can you not
answer our questions?
1430
01:26:38,823 --> 01:26:41,158
‐ Mister, sir, you've gotten‐‐
you've gotten the answer.
1431
01:26:47,164 --> 01:26:49,400
‐ I was
tremendously frustrated
1432
01:26:49,434 --> 01:26:51,302
by the criticisms
1433
01:26:51,335 --> 01:26:55,239
and misunderstandings
of Biosphere 2.
1434
01:26:55,272 --> 01:26:56,708
Everybody focused
1435
01:26:56,741 --> 01:26:58,610
on the carbon dioxide
scrubber.
1436
01:26:58,643 --> 01:27:00,512
[eerie music]
1437
01:27:00,545 --> 01:27:03,648
People did not understand
the point.
1438
01:27:03,681 --> 01:27:08,252
♪ ♪
1439
01:27:08,285 --> 01:27:11,489
We were people who recognized
that climate change
1440
01:27:11,523 --> 01:27:16,561
is a threat,
1441
01:27:16,594 --> 01:27:20,331
trying to develop a means
to counteract that threat.
1442
01:27:20,364 --> 01:27:23,868
♪ ♪
1443
01:27:23,901 --> 01:27:28,540
Biosphere 2 brings you
a visceral sense
1444
01:27:28,573 --> 01:27:30,742
of how delicate everything is.
1445
01:27:30,775 --> 01:27:37,515
♪ ♪
1446
01:27:37,549 --> 01:27:40,818
‐ We were all tense.
The project wasn't going right.
1447
01:27:40,852 --> 01:27:47,592
Things were falling apart.
People were losing control.
1448
01:27:47,625 --> 01:27:51,295
Of course, when people feel
like they're losing control,
1449
01:27:51,328 --> 01:27:54,966
bad things happen
in all kinds of directions.
1450
01:27:54,999 --> 01:27:57,969
[dramatic music]
1451
01:27:58,002 --> 01:28:04,942
♪ ♪
1452
01:28:36,474 --> 01:28:39,411
[overlapping reporting]
1453
01:28:39,444 --> 01:28:46,350
♪ ♪
1454
01:28:51,456 --> 01:28:55,560
[helicopter whirring]
1455
01:28:55,593 --> 01:29:02,534
♪ ♪
1456
01:29:09,774 --> 01:29:12,710
[somber music]
1457
01:29:12,744 --> 01:29:19,684
♪ ♪
1458
01:29:22,019 --> 01:29:24,522
‐ Thanks to the people
that have volunteered
1459
01:29:24,556 --> 01:29:28,392
tremendous time and effort
into this committee
1460
01:29:28,426 --> 01:29:35,366
to give advice on scientific
matters to Biosphere 2.
1461
01:29:35,399 --> 01:29:36,701
‐ The science
advisory committee
1462
01:29:36,734 --> 01:29:38,770
was established,
funded scientists
1463
01:29:38,803 --> 01:29:41,706
from major institutions
1464
01:29:41,739 --> 01:29:43,374
that could give the project
1465
01:29:43,408 --> 01:29:47,512
the scientific credibility
it was losing.
1466
01:29:47,545 --> 01:29:50,682
‐ Some other people started
to be involved, to come in,
1467
01:29:50,715 --> 01:29:51,883
and I think
1468
01:29:51,916 --> 01:29:56,754
there was some conflicts
going on in that arena.
1469
01:29:56,788 --> 01:29:58,355
‐ I can tell‐‐
wait a minute, this is‐‐
1470
01:29:58,389 --> 01:29:59,924
‐ [indistinct]
‐ Let me finish, please.
1471
01:29:59,957 --> 01:30:02,794
Please, let me finish.
1472
01:30:02,827 --> 01:30:04,529
‐ The scientific committee‐‐
1473
01:30:04,562 --> 01:30:07,031
they certainly would've
been happy to take over
1474
01:30:07,064 --> 01:30:08,766
and use Mr. Bass's money
1475
01:30:08,800 --> 01:30:11,936
to do a very different version
of Biosphere.
1476
01:30:11,969 --> 01:30:13,938
‐ One of the interesting things
we're going to do,
1477
01:30:13,971 --> 01:30:16,774
I want to do next,
is to look at the light.
1478
01:30:16,808 --> 01:30:20,412
‐ And clearly, John was upset.
1479
01:30:20,445 --> 01:30:22,379
He thought
he was losing control.
1480
01:30:22,414 --> 01:30:24,649
♪ ♪
1481
01:30:24,682 --> 01:30:26,751
‐ I'm still very concerned
about a matter of‐‐
1482
01:30:26,784 --> 01:30:28,620
‐ What did you just say?
1483
01:30:28,653 --> 01:30:31,388
‐ I'm saying we're gonna
vet it.
1484
01:30:31,423 --> 01:30:34,759
‐ John called me in,
then he said
1485
01:30:34,792 --> 01:30:38,029
the establishment
is trying to take over,
1486
01:30:38,062 --> 01:30:40,965
and that Ed Bass
had turned on him.
1487
01:30:40,998 --> 01:30:43,935
And I thought, wait a minute,
John has turned on Ed,
1488
01:30:43,968 --> 01:30:45,970
it sounded like.
1489
01:30:47,404 --> 01:30:49,140
That set off alarms, to me.
1490
01:30:49,173 --> 01:30:51,776
♪ ♪
1491
01:30:51,809 --> 01:30:53,811
I felt like I had
to say something
1492
01:30:53,845 --> 01:30:56,581
to the scientific
advisory committee.
1493
01:30:56,614 --> 01:30:59,617
♪ ♪
1494
01:30:59,651 --> 01:31:01,953
‐ We were totally upset
about Tony doing this
1495
01:31:01,986 --> 01:31:04,589
in such an underhanded way.
1496
01:31:04,622 --> 01:31:07,058
It was pretty much
gossip‐mongering.
1497
01:31:07,091 --> 01:31:10,161
We asked Tony to come
and face us all
1498
01:31:10,194 --> 01:31:12,163
on a video uplink,
1499
01:31:12,196 --> 01:31:16,468
and tell us what he had said
to the advisory committee.
1500
01:31:16,501 --> 01:31:19,671
‐ I think what, the problem
I saw was that John Allen
1501
01:31:19,704 --> 01:31:24,742
was having what looked
like paranoid delusions,
1502
01:31:24,776 --> 01:31:25,943
and it frightened me.
1503
01:31:25,977 --> 01:31:27,845
‐ For you to take
this kind of agenda
1504
01:31:27,879 --> 01:31:30,782
to that committee
really burns me,
1505
01:31:30,815 --> 01:31:34,686
because to my mind, they have
heard too much of this shit.
1506
01:31:34,719 --> 01:31:37,555
‐ I was really angry
with Tony.
1507
01:31:37,589 --> 01:31:39,791
It was crazy to me.
1508
01:31:39,824 --> 01:31:44,629
Biosphere 2 was a genius
of Johnny as a leader.
1509
01:31:44,662 --> 01:31:46,698
‐ I'm sensitive
to this situation,
1510
01:31:46,731 --> 01:31:50,067
because I am the product
of a dysfunctional family.
1511
01:31:50,101 --> 01:31:53,104
What I see going on here
is abusive parents,
1512
01:31:53,137 --> 01:31:56,107
and you eight almost trapped
in there like children.
1513
01:31:56,140 --> 01:31:57,842
‐ I'm just really
quite pissed off,
1514
01:31:57,875 --> 01:32:00,445
because there's no way
you can really respond
1515
01:32:00,478 --> 01:32:04,081
to personality
conflict power projections,
1516
01:32:04,115 --> 01:32:06,818
or even as you're going on,
you know,
1517
01:32:06,851 --> 01:32:09,587
abusive parent projections.
1518
01:32:09,621 --> 01:32:12,524
‐ Some of them were
really angry.
1519
01:32:12,557 --> 01:32:14,759
It was a good thing they were
inside and I was outside.
1520
01:32:14,792 --> 01:32:18,229
‐ Tony, if you talk
about what John Allen said,
1521
01:32:18,262 --> 01:32:22,033
then I would John Allen
to be part of the meeting.
1522
01:32:22,066 --> 01:32:24,902
‐ Then they took me
to see John Allen.
1523
01:32:24,936 --> 01:32:27,972
♪ ♪
1524
01:32:28,005 --> 01:32:29,741
That one, I remember.
1525
01:32:29,774 --> 01:32:34,078
John looks at me, and he says,
1526
01:32:34,111 --> 01:32:35,980
"In Dante's 'Inferno,'
1527
01:32:36,013 --> 01:32:39,951
"betrayal is the sin
that puts people
1528
01:32:39,984 --> 01:32:42,186
at the deepest level of hell."
1529
01:32:42,219 --> 01:32:47,925
♪ ♪
1530
01:32:47,959 --> 01:32:51,195
He got up,
1531
01:32:51,228 --> 01:32:55,933
walked around
the desk,
1532
01:32:55,967 --> 01:32:58,069
and hugged me.
1533
01:32:58,102 --> 01:33:02,774
And I hugged him.
And he said, "Never again."
1534
01:33:02,807 --> 01:33:06,110
And I looked him in the eye,
and I said, "Never again."
1535
01:33:10,181 --> 01:33:12,249
[warm orchestral music]
1536
01:33:12,283 --> 01:33:19,223
♪ ♪
1537
01:33:32,704 --> 01:33:37,575
‐ As I look at Biosphere 2,
and I'm ready to enter,
1538
01:33:37,609 --> 01:33:40,044
I take my last breaths
of this atmosphere,
1539
01:33:40,077 --> 01:33:42,880
knowing that I will
take breaths
1540
01:33:42,914 --> 01:33:46,050
from a different atmosphere
from all of you for two years.
1541
01:33:46,083 --> 01:33:48,085
‐ Not exactly.
1542
01:33:48,119 --> 01:33:51,589
Biospherians are once again
breathing our air.
1543
01:33:51,623 --> 01:33:53,758
It's being pumped inside.
1544
01:33:53,791 --> 01:33:56,928
About 10% of Biosphere's
total atmosphere.
1545
01:33:56,961 --> 01:33:59,196
♪ ♪
1546
01:33:59,230 --> 01:34:01,966
From the beginning,
Biosphere 2 was billed
1547
01:34:01,999 --> 01:34:05,603
as a totally contained,
virtually sealed experiment.
1548
01:34:05,637 --> 01:34:09,273
Pumping air inside?
What now?
1549
01:34:09,306 --> 01:34:16,614
♪ ♪
1550
01:34:16,648 --> 01:34:20,217
‐ If the management had handled
things differently,
1551
01:34:20,251 --> 01:34:23,054
the result
would've been different.
1552
01:34:23,087 --> 01:34:26,323
I actually don't blame
the press.
1553
01:34:26,357 --> 01:34:29,861
Margaret and John
promised too much.
1554
01:34:29,894 --> 01:34:32,129
‐ Theirs was to have been
a self‐sustaining
1555
01:34:32,163 --> 01:34:35,933
three‐acre world,
a model for colonizing space,
1556
01:34:35,967 --> 01:34:39,370
but crops failed.
Fresh air was pumped in.
1557
01:34:39,403 --> 01:34:41,205
‐ Critics say these violations
1558
01:34:41,238 --> 01:34:43,875
have invalidated
the experiment.
1559
01:34:43,908 --> 01:34:46,878
‐ It's self‐contained,
but it's not self‐sustaining,
1560
01:34:46,911 --> 01:34:49,981
and so the Biosphere, as it
was touted, is a total failure.
1561
01:34:50,014 --> 01:34:53,851
♪ ♪
1562
01:34:53,885 --> 01:34:58,623
‐ The day they pumped oxygen,
people went down
1563
01:34:58,656 --> 01:35:02,159
to kind of, like, get a sniff
of the pure oxygen coming in.
1564
01:35:02,193 --> 01:35:04,829
‐ In ten minutes,
in ten seconds, maybe,
1565
01:35:04,862 --> 01:35:08,232
I felt decades younger,
full of energy.
1566
01:35:08,265 --> 01:35:09,701
‐ Once this oxygen came in,
1567
01:35:09,734 --> 01:35:12,203
it was like this huge cloud
had lifted.
1568
01:35:12,236 --> 01:35:13,738
‐ The first thing
that happened,
1569
01:35:13,771 --> 01:35:15,272
spontaneously, is most of us
1570
01:35:15,306 --> 01:35:17,909
started running around
the lung and laughing.
1571
01:35:17,942 --> 01:35:20,211
And I realized,
I hadn't heard the sound
1572
01:35:20,244 --> 01:35:22,213
of running feet
in months and months.
1573
01:35:22,246 --> 01:35:24,682
["Right Here Right Now"
by Jesus Jones playing]
1574
01:35:24,716 --> 01:35:27,852
‐ The negativity
just kind of dissipated.
1575
01:35:27,885 --> 01:35:33,390
‐ ♪ A woman on the radio
talks about revolution ♪
1576
01:35:33,425 --> 01:35:36,293
♪ When it's
already passed her by ♪
1577
01:35:36,327 --> 01:35:39,864
♪ Bob Dylan didn't have
this to sing about ♪
1578
01:35:39,897 --> 01:35:45,002
♪ You know it feels good
to be alive ♪
1579
01:35:45,036 --> 01:35:49,273
♪ I was alive,
and I waited, waited ♪
1580
01:35:49,306 --> 01:35:53,945
♪ I was alive
and I waited for this ♪
1581
01:35:53,978 --> 01:35:56,914
♪ Right here, right now ♪
1582
01:35:56,948 --> 01:36:01,018
♪ There is no other place
I want to be ♪
1583
01:36:01,052 --> 01:36:03,087
♪ ♪
1584
01:36:03,120 --> 01:36:05,823
♪ Right here, right now ♪
1585
01:36:05,857 --> 01:36:09,393
♪ Watching the world
wake up ♪
1586
01:36:09,427 --> 01:36:14,832
‐ I felt part of that living
entity that was Biosphere 2.
1587
01:36:14,866 --> 01:36:18,235
My agriculture system
was just becoming really good.
1588
01:36:18,269 --> 01:36:21,238
You know, it was maturing,
things were working well,
1589
01:36:21,272 --> 01:36:26,411
and I wanted to see
what was gonna happen next.
1590
01:36:26,444 --> 01:36:28,780
‐ Joe, as we said,
Sunday's the big day.
1591
01:36:28,813 --> 01:36:30,415
The eight men and eight women
who've been locked
1592
01:36:30,448 --> 01:36:32,417
inside this Biosphere
will be coming out.
1593
01:36:32,450 --> 01:36:34,752
‐ Today, workers were
scrubbing windows
1594
01:36:34,786 --> 01:36:38,490
and building a big stage,
all in preparation for Sunday.
1595
01:36:38,523 --> 01:36:41,893
That's when the Biospherians
exit this greenhouse,
1596
01:36:41,926 --> 01:36:44,762
exactly two years
after they went in.
1597
01:36:44,796 --> 01:36:47,765
[gentle music]
1598
01:36:47,799 --> 01:36:53,104
♪ ♪
1599
01:36:53,137 --> 01:36:55,372
‐ What is it gonna feel like
1600
01:36:55,407 --> 01:36:58,342
after being two years
in this world,
1601
01:36:58,375 --> 01:37:00,845
to suddenly step out
into the other one?
1602
01:37:00,878 --> 01:37:03,114
‐ I didn't want to come out.
1603
01:37:03,147 --> 01:37:07,785
I did not want to come out.
I was volunteering to stay in.
1604
01:37:07,819 --> 01:37:10,522
‐ So, it was amazing
that from a dream
1605
01:37:10,555 --> 01:37:12,757
and an adobe spaceship,
1606
01:37:12,790 --> 01:37:16,961
that this gleaming marvel
had appeared in the desert.
1607
01:37:16,994 --> 01:37:20,331
I had the adventure of my life.
1608
01:37:20,364 --> 01:37:23,334
‐ So, I'd look at the trees
that we planted from seed,
1609
01:37:23,367 --> 01:37:26,003
and I just love it.
Uh, it‐‐my heart is there.
1610
01:37:26,037 --> 01:37:27,238
It's really there.
1611
01:37:27,271 --> 01:37:28,139
It probably
will always be there.
1612
01:37:28,172 --> 01:37:35,112
♪ ♪
1613
01:37:39,851 --> 01:37:43,988
‐ On the re‐entry day, we were
all inside the Biosphere,
1614
01:37:44,021 --> 01:37:46,157
waiting and waiting,
1615
01:37:46,190 --> 01:37:49,160
waiting for Jane Goodall
to finish her speech.
1616
01:37:49,193 --> 01:37:51,829
‐ When I began in 1960,
1617
01:37:51,863 --> 01:37:54,832
in the Gombe National Park
in Tanzania,
1618
01:37:54,866 --> 01:37:57,869
my mentor, Louis Leakey,
was told he was crazy.
1619
01:37:57,902 --> 01:38:00,972
He was told
the mission would fail.
1620
01:38:01,005 --> 01:38:02,540
And I think there were
many people,
1621
01:38:02,574 --> 01:38:05,209
when the Biosphere
was first planned,
1622
01:38:05,242 --> 01:38:09,180
who predicted that this mission
also would fail.
1623
01:38:09,914 --> 01:38:13,050
And I think one of the things
we're here for today
1624
01:38:13,084 --> 01:38:19,223
is to pay tribute to
the imagination and the vision
1625
01:38:19,256 --> 01:38:22,226
and the determination
of the team of people
1626
01:38:22,259 --> 01:38:25,262
who have made
this extraordinary project
1627
01:38:25,296 --> 01:38:27,432
a reality.
1628
01:38:27,465 --> 01:38:32,236
‐ Now, I love Jane Goodall,
so we could all tolerate
1629
01:38:32,269 --> 01:38:34,939
the fact that she made us
stay inside the Biosphere
1630
01:38:34,972 --> 01:38:36,574
probably an extra 20 minutes.
1631
01:38:36,608 --> 01:38:39,611
[fanfare]
1632
01:38:39,644 --> 01:38:46,584
♪ ♪
1633
01:38:51,155 --> 01:38:54,091
[cheers and applause]
1634
01:38:54,125 --> 01:38:59,396
♪ ♪
1635
01:39:01,398 --> 01:39:03,234
‐ To live in a small world
1636
01:39:03,267 --> 01:39:05,269
and be conscious
of its controls,
1637
01:39:05,302 --> 01:39:08,906
of its beauty,
its fragility, of its bounty,
1638
01:39:08,940 --> 01:39:12,209
and its limits,
changes who you are.
1639
01:39:12,243 --> 01:39:15,179
[spacey music]
1640
01:39:15,212 --> 01:39:17,114
♪ ♪
1641
01:39:17,148 --> 01:39:19,083
‐ When you're out
in what seems to be
1642
01:39:19,116 --> 01:39:21,185
almost this infinite
biosphere,
1643
01:39:21,218 --> 01:39:24,989
so big, so large,
so tall,
1644
01:39:25,022 --> 01:39:28,392
it's kind of easy to think
that your actions don't count,
1645
01:39:28,426 --> 01:39:29,927
but they do count.
1646
01:39:29,961 --> 01:39:35,066
♪ ♪
1647
01:39:35,099 --> 01:39:37,569
‐ Today, researchers toured
the inside of the facility,
1648
01:39:37,602 --> 01:39:40,905
measuring every living plant
and examining every animal.
1649
01:39:40,938 --> 01:39:42,507
‐ Some things have grown,
some things have died,
1650
01:39:42,540 --> 01:39:44,676
and some things have prospered.
1651
01:39:44,709 --> 01:39:46,644
‐ Did it go as expected?
1652
01:39:46,678 --> 01:39:48,379
‐ No, and that was
why we did it.
1653
01:39:48,413 --> 01:39:50,114
We didn't know what to expect.
1654
01:39:50,147 --> 01:39:53,184
‐ I was back in the saddle,
being the consultant
1655
01:39:53,217 --> 01:39:56,220
for the next mission.
I was given trust again,
1656
01:39:56,253 --> 01:39:57,589
so they were true
to their word.
1657
01:39:57,622 --> 01:39:59,991
I said never again.
1658
01:40:00,024 --> 01:40:03,394
They continued to pay me
to collect data
1659
01:40:03,428 --> 01:40:05,930
that we thought was going
to be the foundation
1660
01:40:05,963 --> 01:40:08,666
of this new discipline
of biospherics.
1661
01:40:10,468 --> 01:40:15,372
So I was completely involved,
all the way until that day
1662
01:40:15,407 --> 01:40:17,675
when the marshals showed up
with Steve Bannon.
1663
01:40:21,078 --> 01:40:24,048
[uneasy music]
1664
01:40:24,081 --> 01:40:31,022
♪ ♪
1665
01:40:39,063 --> 01:40:40,665
‐ The management team
of Biosphere 2
1666
01:40:40,698 --> 01:40:43,635
has been locked out
of its offices and jobs.
1667
01:40:43,668 --> 01:40:46,738
‐ Texas billionaire Ed Bass,
who bankrolled the Biosphere,
1668
01:40:46,771 --> 01:40:47,939
has obtained a court order
1669
01:40:47,972 --> 01:40:51,342
ousting six managing officers
of the project.
1670
01:40:51,375 --> 01:40:53,745
Among those booted out:
Margaret Augustine,
1671
01:40:53,778 --> 01:40:55,613
the company's
chief executive officer,
1672
01:40:55,647 --> 01:40:58,115
and vice president John Allen.
1673
01:40:58,149 --> 01:41:04,021
‐ After some...
intense meetings...
1674
01:41:04,055 --> 01:41:10,595
♪ ♪
1675
01:41:10,628 --> 01:41:16,000
It was decided that the
relationship should...end
1676
01:41:16,033 --> 01:41:21,038
as it‐‐as it had been.
It was very difficult.
1677
01:41:21,072 --> 01:41:22,607
♪ ♪
1678
01:41:41,493 --> 01:41:42,660
♪ ♪
1679
01:41:46,163 --> 01:41:50,435
‐ Ed was under pressure
to stop the bad press
1680
01:41:50,468 --> 01:41:54,506
and to make Biosphere 2 more
conventional and profitable.
1681
01:41:56,708 --> 01:42:00,412
He brought in bankers
and Wall Street types
1682
01:42:00,445 --> 01:42:05,249
who really were focused
on short‐term profit and loss.
1683
01:42:05,282 --> 01:42:07,785
‐ John Polk Allen
sent a letter to Ed Bass,
1684
01:42:07,819 --> 01:42:09,421
the project's
financial backer,
1685
01:42:09,454 --> 01:42:12,123
because he's afraid
the focus of the project
1686
01:42:12,156 --> 01:42:14,125
is changing
from scientific research
1687
01:42:14,158 --> 01:42:16,093
to making money.
1688
01:42:16,127 --> 01:42:19,296
♪ ♪
1689
01:42:19,330 --> 01:42:24,802
‐ Steve Bannon came out
of Goldman Sachs,
1690
01:42:24,836 --> 01:42:28,139
and Ed made Bannon CEO.
1691
01:42:28,172 --> 01:42:30,408
♪ ♪
1692
01:42:30,442 --> 01:42:33,411
‐ Most of
the incredibly important data
1693
01:42:33,445 --> 01:42:35,179
from Biosphere 2
1694
01:42:35,212 --> 01:42:39,316
was destroyed
or locked up somewhere.
1695
01:42:39,350 --> 01:42:41,586
It is a scientific crime.
1696
01:42:41,619 --> 01:42:48,426
♪ ♪
1697
01:42:48,460 --> 01:42:50,762
‐ Why?
Why?
1698
01:42:50,795 --> 01:42:52,196
Why were they doing this?
1699
01:42:52,229 --> 01:42:55,533
What was this all about?
1700
01:42:55,567 --> 01:42:57,435
I was very dubious
1701
01:42:57,469 --> 01:43:01,839
whether or not
what was happening was legal.
1702
01:43:01,873 --> 01:43:06,110
I continued to work
under Steve Bannon.
1703
01:43:06,143 --> 01:43:08,112
I figured that it was
very important
1704
01:43:08,145 --> 01:43:10,548
to capture what was going on.
1705
01:43:10,582 --> 01:43:12,450
♪ ♪
1706
01:43:12,484 --> 01:43:15,386
I put the tape recorder
in my underwear
1707
01:43:15,420 --> 01:43:18,289
because I was concerned that
somebody would try to find it.
1708
01:43:49,654 --> 01:43:51,789
♪ ♪
1709
01:43:51,823 --> 01:43:55,292
‐ The power of this place
is allowing those scientists
1710
01:43:55,326 --> 01:43:58,463
who are really involved
in the study of global change‐‐
1711
01:43:58,496 --> 01:44:01,198
this actually allows them
to study and monitor
1712
01:44:01,232 --> 01:44:05,637
the impact of enhanced CO2
and other greenhouse gases
1713
01:44:05,670 --> 01:44:09,340
on humans,
plants, and in animals.
1714
01:44:09,373 --> 01:44:11,676
‐ The focus was really one
of space travel.
1715
01:44:11,709 --> 01:44:13,578
We refocused it
to the study of the Earth.
1716
01:44:13,611 --> 01:44:15,780
[melancholy piano music]
1717
01:44:15,813 --> 01:44:17,715
♪ ♪
1718
01:44:17,749 --> 01:44:21,619
‐ If Bannon has denied
climate change,
1719
01:44:21,653 --> 01:44:24,656
it is not because
he is not smart enough
1720
01:44:24,689 --> 01:44:28,593
to see that
there is climate change.
1721
01:44:28,626 --> 01:44:30,562
He's doing it
for another reason.
1722
01:44:30,595 --> 01:44:34,699
♪ ♪
1723
01:44:34,732 --> 01:44:37,702
It's particularly excruciating
1724
01:44:37,735 --> 01:44:39,837
because I know
how smart he is.
1725
01:44:39,871 --> 01:44:44,576
♪ ♪
1726
01:44:44,609 --> 01:44:46,844
‐ The takeover of Biosphere 2
1727
01:44:46,878 --> 01:44:50,515
is what's happening
in the world now.
1728
01:44:50,548 --> 01:44:53,250
Wall Street banker types,
1729
01:44:53,284 --> 01:44:57,855
the people just interested
in short‐term profit and loss,
1730
01:44:57,889 --> 01:45:01,459
push out the innovators
and destroy the world.
1731
01:45:01,493 --> 01:45:08,433
♪ ♪
1732
01:45:12,003 --> 01:45:13,938
‐ Not to be able to go back
1733
01:45:13,971 --> 01:45:16,273
to something
of that magnitude,
1734
01:45:16,307 --> 01:45:18,843
that's the culmination
of your life's work,
1735
01:45:18,876 --> 01:45:22,279
was excruciating.
1736
01:45:22,313 --> 01:45:28,352
♪ ♪
1737
01:45:28,385 --> 01:45:32,590
I don't want to go there.
1738
01:45:32,624 --> 01:45:36,260
I don't want to talk about it.
1739
01:45:36,293 --> 01:45:39,964
Yeah.
1740
01:45:39,997 --> 01:45:41,666
Excuse me.
1741
01:45:58,382 --> 01:46:01,352
[mournful music]
1742
01:46:01,385 --> 01:46:08,325
♪ ♪
1743
01:46:26,944 --> 01:46:31,649
‐ I'm still moving on
from that.
1744
01:46:31,683 --> 01:46:33,685
I'm still moving on.
1745
01:46:33,718 --> 01:46:40,425
♪ ♪
1746
01:46:41,559 --> 01:46:44,596
We're always looking
for that place, the‐‐
1747
01:46:44,629 --> 01:46:47,665
you know, that was special.
1748
01:46:47,699 --> 01:46:49,767
Nobody else could see
what it could be.
1749
01:46:49,801 --> 01:46:52,770
♪ ♪
1750
01:46:52,804 --> 01:46:55,039
We had more in mind to do.
1751
01:46:55,072 --> 01:46:59,811
♪ ♪
1752
01:46:59,844 --> 01:47:04,816
‐ Those moments
of all possibilities
1753
01:47:04,849 --> 01:47:10,488
last a very short period
of time.
1754
01:47:10,522 --> 01:47:12,056
That's why you act.
1755
01:47:12,089 --> 01:47:18,996
♪ ♪
1756
01:47:27,505 --> 01:47:32,076
‐ Biosphere 2,
is it a cautionary tale?
1757
01:47:32,109 --> 01:47:33,945
We don't need
a cautionary tale anymore,
1758
01:47:33,978 --> 01:47:36,113
because all of the rampant,
1759
01:47:36,147 --> 01:47:38,483
you know, destruction
and death
1760
01:47:38,516 --> 01:47:42,787
is already happening.
1761
01:47:42,820 --> 01:47:44,722
I think it's important for me
1762
01:47:44,756 --> 01:47:48,960
to work on the scale
that I work on now,
1763
01:47:48,993 --> 01:47:50,662
working with people
in my community
1764
01:47:50,695 --> 01:47:52,129
to see what we can do.
1765
01:47:52,163 --> 01:47:54,966
♪ ♪
1766
01:47:54,999 --> 01:47:59,437
Sometimes beautiful,
beautiful things happen
1767
01:47:59,471 --> 01:48:03,174
when people
bring their minds together
1768
01:48:03,207 --> 01:48:07,011
towards a common goal.
1769
01:48:07,044 --> 01:48:09,447
You can't do it all
by yourself.
1770
01:48:09,481 --> 01:48:16,421
♪ ♪
1771
01:48:47,885 --> 01:48:51,022
‐ I live at the ranch
with quite a few of the people
1772
01:48:51,055 --> 01:48:52,957
that were there
at the beginning.
1773
01:48:52,990 --> 01:48:55,126
♪ ♪
1774
01:48:55,159 --> 01:48:56,961
‐ And then cutting down...
1775
01:48:56,994 --> 01:48:58,362
‐ We're still managing
the property
1776
01:48:58,395 --> 01:49:03,067
in the Australian outback,
and the art gallery in London,
1777
01:49:03,100 --> 01:49:06,170
and the rain forest
in Puerto Rico,
1778
01:49:06,203 --> 01:49:08,573
and we're rebuilding
the "Heraclitus."
1779
01:49:08,606 --> 01:49:12,076
♪ ♪
1780
01:49:12,109 --> 01:49:14,579
We're a very
high‐functioning family
1781
01:49:14,612 --> 01:49:18,249
that works through issues
and keeps going
1782
01:49:18,282 --> 01:49:21,853
for 50 years.
1783
01:49:21,886 --> 01:49:25,690
[group talking indistinctly]
1784
01:49:25,723 --> 01:49:27,258
‐ That was because of you.
1785
01:49:27,291 --> 01:49:29,193
‐ That was because of you?
‐ Because I‐I‐‐
1786
01:49:29,226 --> 01:49:30,895
‐ These Americans
1787
01:49:30,928 --> 01:49:34,566
with their 200%
American accents.
1788
01:49:34,599 --> 01:49:39,003
‐ If you can sustain
a group like this,
1789
01:49:39,036 --> 01:49:41,973
it can get you
through a lot of challenges.
1790
01:49:42,006 --> 01:49:45,242
‐ Yes.
Oh.
1791
01:49:45,276 --> 01:49:47,278
‐ You keep going.
1792
01:49:47,311 --> 01:49:50,982
You go till you go,
till you can't go.
1793
01:49:51,015 --> 01:49:57,955
♪ ♪
1794
01:50:10,201 --> 01:50:13,104
[pensive orchestral music]
1795
01:50:13,137 --> 01:50:20,077
♪ ♪
126054
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