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--captions by vitac--
Www.Vitac.Com
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Captions paid for by
Discovery communications
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Narrator:
People have been steaming food
For thousands of years.
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Once upon a time, steamers were
Made out of clay pots
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With perforated floors.
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Today, we've come up
With all sorts of metal
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And plastic innovations.
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The traditional bamboo steamer
Is a perfect balance
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Between the old
And the new.
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00:01:13,379 --> 00:01:16,034
Perfected by generations
Of craftsmen,
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Traditional bamboo steamers
Are lightweight, strong,
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And durable.
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They look like simple
Cooking tools,
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00:01:22,896 --> 00:01:26,896
But building them requires
Enormous artisanal skill.
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The craftsman buys lengths
Of bamboo from local farmers.
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He uses a traditional planer
He crafted himself
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To smooth the bamboo joints.
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A customized chopper tool helps
Him split the bamboo lengthwise.
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He inserts a bamboo stick
To hold the split open.
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After removing the chopper,
He pulls on the stick
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To split
The entire length of the bamboo.
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The craftsman splits
The sections again.
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To assemble the steamer base,
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The craftsman will split
The bamboo into 32 pieces.
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The cover will require
128 pieces.
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00:02:09,413 --> 00:02:15,310
A custom-made knife knocks down
The intersections of the bamboo.
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For the steamer's cover,
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The craftsman splits
The bamboo horizontally.
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00:02:22,827 --> 00:02:27,034
Next, the craftsman uses this
Slicing tool to cut the wood.
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He sets the desired width
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And slices a thin sheet
Of wood lengthwise.
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He uses this section of wood
To form the base of the steamer
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And slides a bamboo ring
Over it to hold it in place.
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00:02:50,448 --> 00:02:53,413
Then he punches small holes
With a drill...
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...And reinforces the joint
With stainless steel wire.
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00:03:02,379 --> 00:03:05,000
The installation process begins.
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First by installing a series
Of inner rings
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Which will serve to reinforce
The structure of the steamer
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00:03:11,344 --> 00:03:15,931
And to support multiple levels
Of steamers inside it.
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The craftsman uses special
Techniques to ensure
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00:03:18,655 --> 00:03:23,172
That each joint is perfectly
Aligned for maximum strength.
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Working almost entirely by hand
With skills acquired over time,
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He meticulously creates
A strong,
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Yet lightweight piece
Of kitchen equipment.
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The basket still needs a bottom
To rest dumplings in.
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The craftsman begins building
The basket floor
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By custom fitting
A series of rugged cross pieces.
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He ensures that each piece fits
Perfectly before proceeding.
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Then he inserts thin,
More pliable pieces of bamboo
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To hold
The cross pieces in place.
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00:04:02,448 --> 00:04:05,758
Next, he lays the final layer
On top,
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Placing the pieces
With their outer sides
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Facing up to form
A smooth surface for food
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To sit on while steaming.
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With the floor of the steamer
In place,
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It's time to secure
The upper pieces
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By binding them
To the support pieces.
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To do this, he threads
A stainless steel wire
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Through the cracks,
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Twisting the ends tightly
To the base.
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00:04:38,172 --> 00:04:40,275
Then he gives the inner support
Rings under
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The steamer floor a few taps,
Securing them in place.
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The basket's base is now
Complete.
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Next, the craftsman begins
Weaving the bamboo pieces
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Together
That will form the cover.
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He uses a traditional pattern
Called a twill weave.
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00:05:03,724 --> 00:05:07,724
Then he inserts paper before
Adding a second layer of bamboo.
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The paper will help prevent
Steam from escaping
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The basket too quickly.
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He then snaps in a series of
Carefully sized reinforcements
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To keep the layers in place.
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00:05:24,827 --> 00:05:27,482
Finally, he custom fits another
Interior ring
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Under the reinforcements
To hold everything together,
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Tapping it
Carefully into position.
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The steamer cover
Is now complete.
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Narrator:
A three-wheel motorized scooter
Provides the rider
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With more stability
Than a two-wheeled scooter.
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By utilizing three points
Of contact with the ground,
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This scooter is less likely
To skid or fall over
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When making a sharp turn,
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Or while driving
On an unpaved surface.
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This high-end, three-wheeled
Scooter
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Has the look and comfort
Of a motorcycle
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Without the high price tag.
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It can reach speeds of up
To 85 miles per hour
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And travel about 186 miles
On a full tank of gas.
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At the factory, mechanics begin
Assembling the engine
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By pressing two ball bearings
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00:06:30,344 --> 00:06:33,379
Into the left side
Of an aluminum crankcase.
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00:06:35,620 --> 00:06:38,000
They insert a third ball
Bearing that's assembled
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To the gear shaft.
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Then the crankshaft is installed
On the opposite end.
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In between the two cases,
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A gasket is mounted to prevent
Oil from leaking out.
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Mechanics fit the right side of
The crankcase to the left side
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00:07:01,620 --> 00:07:03,310
And bolt them together.
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00:07:06,551 --> 00:07:10,275
They place one end of the drive
Chain around the crankshaft,
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00:07:10,275 --> 00:07:12,103
And then another.
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This gear is installed
For the oil pump.
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00:07:14,758 --> 00:07:17,103
As the crankshaft rotates,
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The interior of the engine
Is greased with oil.
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This gear rotates
The crankshaft,
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Which starts the engine.
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00:07:27,551 --> 00:07:30,413
And this gear,
Assembled to a generator,
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Goes on the crankshaft.
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00:07:32,344 --> 00:07:35,517
When the generator rotates,
It provides electric current
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To run the scooter's lights
And other electrical components.
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Technicians close up
The right side
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Of the crankcase with a cover...
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...Install the water pump...
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...And cap the generator.
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Next, mechanics install
Reduction gears
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Onto the ball bearings
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That were placed in
The left side of the crankcase.
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00:08:05,137 --> 00:08:08,931
Reduction gears lower the
Rotation speed of the crankshaft
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To make it more manageable
For the drive shaft
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Which turns the wheels.
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00:08:13,724 --> 00:08:16,034
A pulley-based automatic
Transmission system
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Called a cvt is assembled.
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It's powerful, fuel-efficient,
And runs smoother
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00:08:22,137 --> 00:08:25,413
Than a standard, gear-based,
Automatic transmission.
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00:08:27,620 --> 00:08:30,517
Technicians attach the piston
To the piston rod
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00:08:30,517 --> 00:08:33,896
And place it into
The engine's single cylinder.
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00:08:33,896 --> 00:08:37,275
The bottom of the piston rod
Is linked to the crankshaft.
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00:08:39,655 --> 00:08:42,620
They place an aluminum cover
Over the transmission
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And install the cylinder head,
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00:08:44,620 --> 00:08:46,551
Which is equipped
With several sensors
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For fuel injection
And other functions.
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00:08:52,758 --> 00:08:58,034
Next, mechanics mount the
Rear wheel onto the drive shaft.
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00:08:58,034 --> 00:09:02,689
This aluminum swing arm
Supports the wheel and engine.
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00:09:02,689 --> 00:09:04,758
The steel frame is pained black
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00:09:04,758 --> 00:09:06,793
And is engraved with
The scooter's vehicle
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Identification number.
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00:09:13,724 --> 00:09:18,827
Technicians bolt the frame
To the front of the engine
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00:09:18,827 --> 00:09:21,482
And to a pair of shock
Absorbers at the back.
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00:09:26,517 --> 00:09:29,172
They install part of
The front suspension system,
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00:09:29,172 --> 00:09:31,275
One on each side of the frame.
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00:09:37,655 --> 00:09:41,068
Then they mount the three
Wheel hubs
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00:09:41,068 --> 00:09:45,724
And install each integrated
Brake disc with a brake caliper.
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00:09:45,724 --> 00:09:47,793
Back to the front
Suspension system,
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00:09:47,793 --> 00:09:51,620
Mechanics connect a shock
Absorber to each triangular arm.
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00:09:56,275 --> 00:09:58,137
They install the handlebars,
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00:09:58,137 --> 00:10:00,206
Brake levers
With hydraulic cables,
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00:10:00,206 --> 00:10:05,103
And switches for the lights,
Signals, and horn.
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00:10:05,103 --> 00:10:08,724
Once the ignition switch
And vinyl seat is built in,
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00:10:08,724 --> 00:10:10,482
Mechanics
Install the rear lights
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00:10:10,482 --> 00:10:15,000
And turn signals,
The l.E.D. Headlights...
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00:10:15,000 --> 00:10:17,413
And mount the three wheels
And tires.
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00:10:22,896 --> 00:10:24,689
The last step is to run
The scooter
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00:10:24,689 --> 00:10:26,620
Through a series of tests.
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00:10:26,620 --> 00:10:30,103
The test evaluates
The functionality of the lights,
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00:10:30,103 --> 00:10:34,758
Turn signals, front
And rear brakes, acceleration,
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00:10:34,758 --> 00:10:37,931
And the accuracy
Of the speedometer.
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00:10:37,931 --> 00:10:39,965
There is no question
This scooter provides
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00:10:39,965 --> 00:10:42,310
A ton of stability.
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00:10:42,310 --> 00:10:43,827
With a front suspension system
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00:10:43,827 --> 00:10:46,655
Designed to keep both
Front wheels on the ground,
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The rider is guaranteed a smooth
And enjoyable ride.
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00:11:00,275 --> 00:11:04,000
Narrator:
A conservatory is designed
To let in sunlight.
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00:11:04,000 --> 00:11:06,931
It's often referred to as
An extension of the home,
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Allowing people to enjoy
The warmth of the sun
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Without ever having
To step outside.
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00:11:14,689 --> 00:11:18,793
A prefabricated conservatory
Can be assembled in three days,
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00:11:18,793 --> 00:11:23,137
So you can quickly have
An indoor place in the sun.
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00:11:23,137 --> 00:11:25,068
Producing a prefab conservatory
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00:11:25,068 --> 00:11:28,517
Starts with a customized
Computer-generated design.
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00:11:30,551 --> 00:11:34,241
First, a designer selects
The parts for the framework.
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00:11:34,241 --> 00:11:36,310
This piece of vinyl cladding
Will be part
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Of a decorative ridge.
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00:11:38,206 --> 00:11:42,655
Then all the materials
Are placed on racks.
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00:11:42,655 --> 00:11:45,310
There can be 50 to 500 pieces,
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Depending on the size
Of the conservatory.
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00:11:49,275 --> 00:11:51,137
Using a circular blade,
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00:11:51,137 --> 00:11:53,482
The metal cutter trims
Aluminum components
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To various lengths and angles,
According to his measurements.
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00:12:01,310 --> 00:12:05,931
Another designer welds aluminum
Parts to build a gutter system.
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00:12:05,931 --> 00:12:09,034
He makes tight welds
For waterproof joints.
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00:12:12,413 --> 00:12:15,758
Next, a team assembles the frame
To confirm
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00:12:15,758 --> 00:12:18,000
That the parts connect together.
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If successful, the framework
Will be taken apart
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For reassembly on site.
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00:12:24,310 --> 00:12:27,000
After the roof's ridge beam
Is set on stands
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In the center of the frame,
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00:12:28,862 --> 00:12:32,379
Technicians bolt one end
Of a load beam to the eaves
185
00:12:32,379 --> 00:12:36,379
And the other
To the elevated ridge.
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00:12:36,379 --> 00:12:38,758
More beams are added to create
A truss system
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To support the roof.
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00:12:40,862 --> 00:12:45,620
The stands supporting the ridge
Beam are removed.
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00:12:45,620 --> 00:12:50,068
A designer measures and maps out
Roof panels on polycarbonate.
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00:12:50,068 --> 00:12:52,551
The polycarbonate has a hollow,
Waffle structure
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00:12:52,551 --> 00:12:56,379
That gives it
Insulating properties.
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00:12:56,379 --> 00:12:59,551
He cuts out the panels
According to his measurements.
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00:13:02,344 --> 00:13:04,620
After sealing the edges
With felt,
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00:13:04,620 --> 00:13:06,758
The panels are mounted
To the roof.
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00:13:10,413 --> 00:13:13,137
Vinyl cladding on the exposed
Structural bar
196
00:13:13,137 --> 00:13:16,517
Secures the panels.
197
00:13:16,517 --> 00:13:18,931
The designer tapes the vinyl
With a hammer
198
00:13:18,931 --> 00:13:22,413
To flare it against
The polycarbonate.
199
00:13:22,413 --> 00:13:25,137
Then he installs
The vinyl ridge gap.
200
00:13:25,137 --> 00:13:28,000
The elaborate, molded finials
Make a statement
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00:13:28,000 --> 00:13:29,586
While stopping water
From dripping
202
00:13:29,586 --> 00:13:32,241
Into the top of the roof.
203
00:13:32,241 --> 00:13:34,344
He peels off
The protective liner
204
00:13:34,344 --> 00:13:37,689
To reveal the translucent
Polycarbonate panels.
205
00:13:40,275 --> 00:13:41,931
On another production line,
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00:13:41,931 --> 00:13:44,172
An automatic saw cuts
Vinyl components
207
00:13:44,172 --> 00:13:48,344
For the walls
At the specified length.
208
00:13:48,344 --> 00:13:50,724
Routers carve holes
For hardware.
209
00:13:55,482 --> 00:13:58,655
Saws cut notches
In specific locations,
210
00:13:58,655 --> 00:14:02,000
Enabling them to join the rest
Of the building framework.
211
00:14:06,068 --> 00:14:08,896
A technician arranges the vinyl
Posts and beams
212
00:14:08,896 --> 00:14:10,620
In a thermal welder.
213
00:14:13,793 --> 00:14:16,517
The machine melts the parts
Where they intersect
214
00:14:16,517 --> 00:14:18,413
And fuses them together.
215
00:14:22,448 --> 00:14:25,448
Each part of the wall frame
Is welded separately,
216
00:14:25,448 --> 00:14:27,551
And then joined together.
217
00:14:27,551 --> 00:14:30,482
The welding leaves the seams
A bit rough,
218
00:14:30,482 --> 00:14:33,689
So a machine trims off
Any excess vinyl.
219
00:14:37,413 --> 00:14:41,793
A circular saw moves in and
Cleans up the exterior corners.
220
00:14:45,413 --> 00:14:47,172
To customize the color,
221
00:14:47,172 --> 00:14:50,448
Designers spray the wall frame
With an acrylic paint
222
00:14:50,448 --> 00:14:54,862
That chemically bonds to
The vinyl to prevent chipping.
223
00:14:54,862 --> 00:14:56,448
Back to the white frame.
224
00:14:56,448 --> 00:15:00,931
A team inserts a glass panel
In the ridged rim.
225
00:15:00,931 --> 00:15:04,103
Strips of vinyl around the edges
Hold the glass in
226
00:15:04,103 --> 00:15:05,793
And keep water out.
227
00:15:13,482 --> 00:15:17,137
The team assembles a factory
Display model.
228
00:15:17,137 --> 00:15:20,586
The wall panels are installed
Into grooves on the frame
229
00:15:20,586 --> 00:15:23,448
And connected by aluminum posts.
230
00:15:23,448 --> 00:15:25,931
Next, the doors are installed.
231
00:15:25,931 --> 00:15:27,896
A technician tightly pulls
The wall
232
00:15:27,896 --> 00:15:33,344
Frames to the aluminum posts
Using nylon composite devices.
233
00:15:33,344 --> 00:15:38,413
Vinyl casings cover the posts
And any nylon locks.
234
00:15:38,413 --> 00:15:42,137
Using a crane, the team lowers
The roof onto the structure
235
00:15:42,137 --> 00:15:43,896
And bolts it in place.
236
00:15:46,241 --> 00:15:48,517
The conservatory is complete.
237
00:15:48,517 --> 00:15:52,000
Now it's time to relax
While sitting indoors.
238
00:16:02,517 --> 00:16:06,724
Narrator:
People have used copper pots
And pans for thousands of years.
239
00:16:06,724 --> 00:16:09,172
Copper is an ideal heat
Conductor,
240
00:16:09,172 --> 00:16:12,482
Allowing food to be
Cooked quickly and evenly.
241
00:16:12,482 --> 00:16:16,103
Copper pots allow for more
Precise temperature control,
242
00:16:16,103 --> 00:16:19,586
Which means dinner is less
Likely to be served burnt.
243
00:16:24,068 --> 00:16:27,758
In the culinary world,
Copper is a precious metal.
244
00:16:27,758 --> 00:16:30,275
Besides being a great conductor
Of heat,
245
00:16:30,275 --> 00:16:34,034
Copper pots
Look good on the cooktop.
246
00:16:34,034 --> 00:16:35,862
To cut out a round blank,
247
00:16:35,862 --> 00:16:41,034
A craftsman places a centering
Disk on a copper sheet.
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He links it to a plasma torch
Using a metal spindle.
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00:16:44,724 --> 00:16:48,241
The spindle holds the torch
At a specific distance
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00:16:48,241 --> 00:16:54,310
So that, as the torch cuts out
The circle, the radius is exact.
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The coppersmith ensures
That the cutout is as close
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To the edge of the copper sheet
As possible to minimize waste.
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00:17:04,068 --> 00:17:06,827
Next, he examines
The circular blank.
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The plasma cutting has left
The edges frayed,
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00:17:12,448 --> 00:17:16,172
So he smoothes them by clamping
The copper blank in a lathe.
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00:17:19,034 --> 00:17:21,655
He taps the blank
With a rubber mallet
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And centers it between
The clamping chucks.
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The coppersmith uses a tool
To check
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That the blank
Is positioned correctly.
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Then he adds oil
To the cutting tool
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And moves it against
The spinning blank.
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It trims the circumference,
Creating a cleaner edge
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And removes any flaws.
264
00:17:43,103 --> 00:17:46,034
He files the rim of the copper
Blank to make it smooth
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And even.
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00:17:50,034 --> 00:17:54,965
Using sandpaper,
He finishes the edge.
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With the imperfections removed,
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00:17:56,965 --> 00:18:01,206
The copper blank is formed into
A sauce pan with sloping sides.
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00:18:03,931 --> 00:18:07,241
Two craftsmen press a roller
Against the copper blank
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00:18:07,241 --> 00:18:10,344
So that it conforms
To the shape of a mold.
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00:18:10,344 --> 00:18:12,896
That's part of one
Of the clamping chucks.
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00:18:12,896 --> 00:18:16,034
This process is called metal
Spinning.
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00:18:16,034 --> 00:18:19,724
While one craftsman moves the
Roller across the copper blank,
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The other applies pressure.
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00:18:21,793 --> 00:18:25,310
This shaping method takes eight
To ten rounds.
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Finally, the pan has taken
Shape,
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00:18:27,965 --> 00:18:32,103
But the forming process has left
Fine lines on the surface.
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00:18:32,103 --> 00:18:34,448
So as it continues to spin,
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00:18:34,448 --> 00:18:38,448
The coppersmith
Smoothes it down.
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00:18:38,448 --> 00:18:41,689
He applies lubricant
To a cutting tool
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00:18:41,689 --> 00:18:43,965
And trims
The rim of the saucepan.
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00:18:46,206 --> 00:18:50,103
This gives the pan
The desired height.
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00:18:50,103 --> 00:18:52,689
The cutting leaves the edges
Very sharp,
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So he files them down again.
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00:18:57,689 --> 00:19:01,172
The copper saucepan is ready
For the cast-iron handle.
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00:19:05,137 --> 00:19:08,862
Cast iron has less thermal
Conductivity than copper,
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00:19:08,862 --> 00:19:10,068
So the heat from the pan
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00:19:10,068 --> 00:19:14,241
Will travel more
Slowly up the handle.
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00:19:14,241 --> 00:19:17,586
The craftsperson clamps
The handle to the saucepan.
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00:19:17,586 --> 00:19:21,103
This holds it tightly in place
As he drills rivet holes
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00:19:21,103 --> 00:19:24,310
Through both the iron handle
And the copper pan.
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The craftsman removes the clamp
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00:19:28,482 --> 00:19:32,862
And bolts the handle
To the pan temporarily.
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00:19:32,862 --> 00:19:34,172
This stabilizes it
295
00:19:34,172 --> 00:19:36,344
For the drilling
Of the second rivet hole.
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00:19:41,172 --> 00:19:43,172
A rivet is inserted
In the second hole
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00:19:43,172 --> 00:19:46,103
From the inside of the pan.
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00:19:46,103 --> 00:19:49,379
The coppersmith heats the tail
Of the rivet to soften it.
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00:19:53,000 --> 00:19:55,724
Then the pan is transferred
To an anvil.
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00:19:55,724 --> 00:19:57,448
Using a pneumatic hammer,
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00:19:57,448 --> 00:20:00,137
The coppersmith flattens
The first rivet,
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00:20:00,137 --> 00:20:05,034
Removes the temporary bolt,
And installs the second rivet.
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00:20:05,034 --> 00:20:07,793
He heats the pan over a flame
304
00:20:07,793 --> 00:20:10,689
And melts a tin bar
To the bottom.
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00:20:10,689 --> 00:20:13,482
He spreads the molten tin
Up the sides of the pan
306
00:20:13,482 --> 00:20:17,448
Using a rag that's been
Soaked with a flux chemical.
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00:20:17,448 --> 00:20:19,379
The flux cleans the copper
308
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And allows the tin
To flow more smoothly.
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The tin lining
Will prevent acidic foods
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From leeching raw copper
Into the food.
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00:20:29,206 --> 00:20:33,931
The heat from the tinning flame
Has caused some discoloration.
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The coppersmith removes
The stains by using
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00:20:36,344 --> 00:20:39,965
A cotton buffing wheel
And polishing compound.
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00:20:39,965 --> 00:20:41,379
As he continues,
315
00:20:41,379 --> 00:20:45,103
The polishing takes
The copper to a high sheen.
316
00:20:45,103 --> 00:20:48,689
This copper saucepan is now
Ready for the stovetop.
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But first, the craftsman pounds
A steel stamp
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Into the bottom of the pan,
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00:20:53,620 --> 00:20:56,758
Imprinting it
With the company logo.
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00:20:56,758 --> 00:20:59,758
For cookware that only takes
A couple hours to make,
321
00:20:59,758 --> 00:21:02,655
A copper pan
Can last for decades.
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And if it's well cared for,
It won't even show its age.
26459
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