All language subtitles for S27E10 - Chinese-Style Furniture; Electrical Switches; Thai Fish Sauce; Cappers (1080p AMZN WEB-DL x265 Garshasp)_track4_[eng]
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--captions by vitac--
Www.Vitac.Com
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Captions paid for by
Discovery communications
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Narrator: classic chinese
Furniture is made of rich,
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Lacquered woods
With intricate carvings
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And ornate artwork
In mother-of-pearl inlay.
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00:01:02,034 --> 00:01:04,344
For centuries,
The specialized skills
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Required to craft
These functional works of art
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Have been passed down
From generation to generation.
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The style of this striking
Rosewood sideboard
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Dates to the tang dynasty
Of the 7th and 9th centuries --
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A period considered
A golden age of chinese arts.
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This manufacturer
Is located in thailand.
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Its design team consists
Of a conceptual designer
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Who merges the structure
And aesthetic features,
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A specialist who ensures
The historical accuracy
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Of the piece,
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And artists
Who draw the patterns
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For the elaborate wood carving
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And the intricate
Mother-of-pearl inlays.
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The team produces
A highly detailed blueprint
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And makes several copies
Of the artwork patterns
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For the craftspeople to use.
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To make each
Inlaid cabinet door,
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A woodworker glues
The pattern onto the wood,
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Making sure
That it's perfectly centered.
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00:02:03,068 --> 00:02:07,068
Then using a router, he cuts
About 3 millimeters deep,
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Making a groove
Along the pattern's perimeter
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And cutting out the parts
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That will be inlaid
With mother-of-pearl.
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Meanwhile, using another copy
Of the pattern,
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A worker makes templates
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By cutting out the same parts
The woodworker routed
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Out of the cabinet door.
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Each template is marked
Either pink, white, or green.
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She glues it
Into a 3-millimeter-thick piece
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Of the corresponding color
Of mother-of-pearl.
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The next craftsperson
Takes one piece at a time,
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And holding it
Steady with pliers,
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Carefully saws
Around the template
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With a 1-millimeter-wide blade.
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Once she's cut all the pieces,
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She reassembles the pattern.
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The next craftsperson spreads
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Adhesive paste into the cutouts
In the cabinet door.
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Then he fills each cutout
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With its corresponding piece
Of mother-of-pearl.
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Five hours from now,
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Once the adhesive has dried,
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He runs a sander over the design
To remove the paper
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And excess adhesive,
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Smooth the wood,
And polish the mother-of-pearl.
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Then an artist etches fine
Detail into the mother-of-pearl.
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This provides texture,
Dimension, and expression
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To objects and characters,
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Which, until now,
Were merely blank shapes.
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High-end chinese-style furniture
Like this
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Is traditionally made
Of heavy and sturdy rosewood.
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They first dry the wood
To a humidity level of 11%.
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This prevents components
From expanding
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Or contracting significantly
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With temperature changes,
Which is critical
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Because the sideboard
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Is made of traditional
Jointed construction.
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The parts lock together
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Without any nails,
Screws, or glue.
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To prepare pieces
That will have a carved design,
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A worker glues a copy
Of the pattern onto the wood.
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Next, a woodworker drills
A small hole in each area
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Of the pattern to be cut out.
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He feeds a thin saw blade
Through the hole...
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...Then saws out the area.
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Once he cuts out
All the required areas,
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He hands the piece to one
Of the company's carvers.
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These artisans
Apprentice for years
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With the master carver
To learn this ancient craft.
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Working with a collection
Of chisels,
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They gradually
Follow the pattern.
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It takes tremendous talent
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And skill to know
How to read a drawing
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And, bit by bit, transform
The flat wood beneath it
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Into a three-dimensional design.
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Once all the components
Are ready,
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Workers assemble the sideboard
From the footed base upward.
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The drawers move
On modern drawer slides,
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And the cabinet doors attach
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With bronze
Chinese-style hardware.
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They bring out the rich color
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And grain of the wood
With four coats
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Of traditional lacquer
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Made entirely from tree sap.
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It highlights the etched details
In the mother-of-pearl
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And protects the sideboard
With a glossy shield.
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Narrator: light switches put a
Lot of power at your fingertips.
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00:06:06,068 --> 00:06:09,103
One quick flick,
And the lights go on or off.
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When switches are paired
With sockets,
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Appliances and gadgetry
Can also be powered up.
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Invented as an improvement
Over pull cords a century ago,
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Switches deliver power
To the people.
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Flip a switch, and the world
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Instantly becomes
A brighter place.
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Switches give us power
Over electrical power.
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Making switches starts
With big sheets of metal.
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In this case,
The sheets are brass.
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A worker serves them up
To a hydraulic guillotine.
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It chops the brass into strips
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That will be used
To make faceplates
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For custom-sized switches
And sockets.
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For switches that are
A standard size,
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They simply order
The strips precut.
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00:07:01,586 --> 00:07:04,000
Computerized punches cut holes
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And rough out
Both the faceplates
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00:07:05,620 --> 00:07:06,896
And the steel grids
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That hold the electrical
Structure together.
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All the holes in the grid plates
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Will correspond to holes
In the faceplates
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In order
To put the two together.
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These plates are for switches
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That will be installed
In hotel rooms,
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And they will include sockets
For three-pin british plugs.
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Next, more steel unwinds
Into a punch press,
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Which transforms it
Into a framework to support
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The electrical components.
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00:07:38,827 --> 00:07:41,275
The automated tooling
Wraps the punched metal
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00:07:41,275 --> 00:07:45,275
Around a form
To give it the desired shape.
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This framework will also serve
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As an electrical
Grounding plate,
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Discharging electrical energy
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From the socket
To prevent shocks.
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A worker now attaches
A molded plastic part
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To a grounding plate.
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He inserts a screw
In a brass connector
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00:08:04,241 --> 00:08:07,172
And installs it in a slot
In the molded plastic.
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He installs a series
Of brass terminals.
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At the next station,
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A worker assembles fuse holders,
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Contacts, and springs
To the plastic structure.
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00:08:28,862 --> 00:08:32,103
Next up are little spring-
Operated plastic shutters.
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They block the sockets
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When nothing
Is plugged into them.
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Moving down the assembly line,
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A worker inserts springs
Into twin rocker switches.
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She lowers a press
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To squeeze all the switch
Components together,
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Then transfers the switches
To the electrical unit.
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00:08:53,724 --> 00:08:56,586
Another technician
Snaps a cover onto it.
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He plugs it into a light box
To test it,
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And the bulbs of the box
Illuminate.
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This confirms
That the switches
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00:09:03,586 --> 00:09:06,103
And sockets
Are fully operational.
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He pulls the plug
And sets the assembly aside.
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It has taken
Roughly four minutes
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To assemble the switch
And socket unit.
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A worker now fits
The steel grid plate to it
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With the switches and sockets
Protruding through it.
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This particular unit
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Is also equipped
With a round european plug
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And a usb charging port
For mobile devices.
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At the next station,
An operator serves up
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00:09:42,137 --> 00:09:46,965
Brass faceplates
To a press that bends the rims,
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00:09:46,965 --> 00:09:50,241
Forming a thin lip that will
Fit around the grid plate.
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A computerized welder
Fuses studs
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To the back of the faceplates,
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Placing one at each corner.
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These studs will fix
The faceplate
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To the grid plate
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00:10:03,103 --> 00:10:05,724
And provide a screwless finish
On the front.
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When it comes to switch
And socket combinations,
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There's no shortage of options.
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At this station,
A worker assembles
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00:10:15,689 --> 00:10:17,896
A particularly large one
With switches,
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00:10:17,896 --> 00:10:21,689
Charging ports, and sockets.
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00:10:21,689 --> 00:10:23,482
It's also designed
For installation
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In a hotel room.
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He secures the charging port
To the grid plate
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00:10:31,172 --> 00:10:33,103
And is ready for the faceplate.
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He attaches it
Using the welded studs,
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And with the folded edging, it
Encases the grid plate neatly.
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This switch and socket assembly
Is now complete.
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When switched on,
The circuit will be closed,
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And the electrical current
Will flow.
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When switched off,
The circuit will open,
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And things will go dark.
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It should work every time.
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Narrator:
In many east asian cultures,
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Salt is not traditionally used
As a condiment.
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In its place,
Cooks use high-sodium sauces
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Such as fish sauce.
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In thailand, fish sauce
Is a key ingredient
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In traditional dishes,
Giving them a rich
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00:11:33,310 --> 00:11:35,586
And distinctive
Savory taste.
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00:11:39,482 --> 00:11:41,724
Used in cooking
Or as a dipping sauce,
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00:11:41,724 --> 00:11:43,896
Thai fish sauce
Brings out the flavors
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Of other ingredients.
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00:11:48,620 --> 00:11:50,413
Fish sauce
Is made by fermenting
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00:11:50,413 --> 00:11:53,137
Two parts fish
With one part salt.
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Over time, the salt
Will naturally extract water
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00:11:55,965 --> 00:12:00,103
From the fish's flesh,
Creating the savory sauce.
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00:12:00,103 --> 00:12:04,413
The factory processes
100 tons of fish every day.
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00:12:04,413 --> 00:12:09,689
They use wild-caught anchovies
From the gulf of thailand.
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00:12:09,689 --> 00:12:11,620
Anchovies have a strong flavor,
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00:12:11,620 --> 00:12:16,586
So even small amounts
Can be used to flavor dishes.
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00:12:16,586 --> 00:12:20,862
They mix two parts fish
With one part natural sea salt.
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00:12:20,862 --> 00:12:25,482
The ingredients fall down
A chute into a rotating drum.
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00:12:25,482 --> 00:12:29,689
As it spins, it evenly mixes
The salt and the fish.
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00:12:29,689 --> 00:12:32,137
This is faster
Than mixing by hand,
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00:12:32,137 --> 00:12:36,379
Ensuring quicker
Processing times.
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00:12:36,379 --> 00:12:37,827
When the mix is ready,
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00:12:37,827 --> 00:12:42,862
It's taken to one of the 3,000
Fermentation wells on-site.
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00:12:42,862 --> 00:12:47,206
The bottom of the well
Is already filled with sea salt.
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00:12:47,206 --> 00:12:50,241
They add the salt-fish mixture
And spread it around
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00:12:50,241 --> 00:12:52,275
So that the surface is flat.
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00:12:54,344 --> 00:12:56,206
They finish
By covering the mixture
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00:12:56,206 --> 00:12:59,344
With a thick layer of sea salt.
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00:12:59,344 --> 00:13:05,310
Each fermentation well can hold
10 tons of fish and salt.
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00:13:05,310 --> 00:13:08,827
They cover the well
With a cement corrugated sheet.
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00:13:08,827 --> 00:13:13,206
The temperature inside can reach
104 degrees fahrenheit.
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00:13:13,206 --> 00:13:15,172
They sometimes
Remove the cover
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00:13:15,172 --> 00:13:18,275
To expose the sauce to sunlight.
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00:13:18,275 --> 00:13:19,551
From time to time,
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00:13:19,551 --> 00:13:22,034
They sample the sauce
For inspection.
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00:13:22,034 --> 00:13:26,517
Salt crystals form naturally
On the surface.
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00:13:26,517 --> 00:13:29,241
After 12 to 18 months
Of fermentation,
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00:13:29,241 --> 00:13:31,379
First-grade sauce
Is pumped out
224
00:13:31,379 --> 00:13:33,655
From the bottom
Of the fermentation well
225
00:13:33,655 --> 00:13:38,517
With layers of salt
Acting as a natural filter.
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00:13:38,517 --> 00:13:42,482
Fish sauce is stored
In large fiberglass tanks.
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00:13:42,482 --> 00:13:44,000
Employees take samples
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00:13:44,000 --> 00:13:48,448
And send them to the lab
For quality testing.
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00:13:48,448 --> 00:13:51,068
After filtering and sweetening
The sauce slightly
230
00:13:51,068 --> 00:13:54,965
With 5% sugar,
They are ready for bottling.
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00:13:57,413 --> 00:13:59,206
After a visual inspection,
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00:13:59,206 --> 00:14:01,310
Bottles head
To the filling area.
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00:14:01,310 --> 00:14:06,034
The machine grabs each bottle
And fills it from the bottom up.
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00:14:06,034 --> 00:14:08,379
Fish sauce does not need
To be pasteurized
235
00:14:08,379 --> 00:14:13,103
As filtration has already
Eliminated most bacteria.
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00:14:13,103 --> 00:14:16,758
Also, the sauce
Contains over 25% salt.
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00:14:16,758 --> 00:14:18,655
This high-sodium content
Prevents
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00:14:18,655 --> 00:14:22,793
Any harmful bacteria
From proliferating.
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00:14:22,793 --> 00:14:25,206
Because of the sauce's
Intense flavor,
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00:14:25,206 --> 00:14:28,068
It is generally
Used in moderation.
241
00:14:28,068 --> 00:14:30,551
So bottle caps
Have a small dropper hole
242
00:14:30,551 --> 00:14:34,379
To facilitate use
Of the sauce during cooking.
243
00:14:34,379 --> 00:14:37,724
Next, brushes apply
Adhesive labels to the body
244
00:14:37,724 --> 00:14:40,241
And neck of the bottle.
245
00:14:40,241 --> 00:14:42,551
This factory produces
Three different grades
246
00:14:42,551 --> 00:14:43,931
Of fish sauce
247
00:14:43,931 --> 00:14:47,517
For a total of 15 million liters
Every year.
248
00:14:49,586 --> 00:14:51,724
After a second
Visual inspection,
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00:14:51,724 --> 00:14:54,655
Bottles proceed
To the packing department.
250
00:14:54,655 --> 00:14:59,241
The machine pushes them forward,
Aligning them in position.
251
00:14:59,241 --> 00:15:03,551
By now, the bottle caps
Have been safety-sealed.
252
00:15:03,551 --> 00:15:05,068
A robotic carrier picks up
253
00:15:05,068 --> 00:15:08,758
36 bottles to fill
Three boxes at once.
254
00:15:08,758 --> 00:15:12,000
A metal frame
Keeps the carton cases open
255
00:15:12,000 --> 00:15:14,275
As the machine
Inserts the bottles.
256
00:15:14,275 --> 00:15:17,758
The tasty sauce will be
Sold locally or exported
257
00:15:17,758 --> 00:15:20,103
To one
Of 70 different countries.
258
00:15:22,551 --> 00:15:24,379
In the food-science laboratory,
259
00:15:24,379 --> 00:15:28,379
Technicians perform
Several quality-control tests.
260
00:15:28,379 --> 00:15:29,655
They start by measuring
261
00:15:29,655 --> 00:15:31,793
The salt content
Of the product
262
00:15:31,793 --> 00:15:33,620
As the salt
Will affect the taste
263
00:15:33,620 --> 00:15:37,586
And the shelf life of the sauce.
264
00:15:37,586 --> 00:15:40,482
Next, they measure
The protein content.
265
00:15:40,482 --> 00:15:43,896
Fish protein breaks down
During the fermentation process,
266
00:15:43,896 --> 00:15:47,310
Releasing a compound
Called glutamate.
267
00:15:47,310 --> 00:15:51,034
Glutamate increases the flavor
Intensity of the sauce.
268
00:15:51,034 --> 00:15:53,103
Higher levels of protein
Give a tastier,
269
00:15:53,103 --> 00:15:55,551
Higher-grade sauce.
270
00:15:55,551 --> 00:15:57,862
They also check
The levels of histamine
271
00:15:57,862 --> 00:15:59,172
To make sure they comply
272
00:15:59,172 --> 00:16:02,103
With international
Food standards.
273
00:16:02,103 --> 00:16:06,206
High levels of histamine
Could indicate spoilage.
274
00:16:06,206 --> 00:16:08,862
They end with a ph test.
275
00:16:08,862 --> 00:16:11,413
Good fish sauce
Is slightly acidic,
276
00:16:11,413 --> 00:16:16,137
And the ph value must remain
Within an acceptable range.
277
00:16:16,137 --> 00:16:19,413
People now use fish sauce
Not only in thai dishes,
278
00:16:19,413 --> 00:16:22,482
But also to flavor
Their own traditional foods.
279
00:16:31,724 --> 00:16:33,551
Narrator:
Cappers are automated machines
280
00:16:33,551 --> 00:16:35,448
Which apply caps on bottles
281
00:16:35,448 --> 00:16:38,551
That have been filled
With a factory product --
282
00:16:38,551 --> 00:16:41,862
Anything from shampoo
To soft drinks.
283
00:16:41,862 --> 00:16:45,206
The closures the cappers
Apply include screw caps,
284
00:16:45,206 --> 00:16:46,827
Push-down tops,
285
00:16:46,827 --> 00:16:50,068
And aluminum caps molded
To the shape of the bottle neck.
286
00:16:53,310 --> 00:16:54,931
Cappers come in different sizes
287
00:16:54,931 --> 00:16:56,482
To meet
The product manufacturers'
288
00:16:56,482 --> 00:16:59,000
Packaging requirements,
289
00:16:59,000 --> 00:17:02,206
From three-head machines
That cap 40 bottles per minute,
290
00:17:02,206 --> 00:17:07,655
To 36-head machines that cap
1,200 bottles per minute.
291
00:17:07,655 --> 00:17:09,482
Every capper is custom-designed
292
00:17:09,482 --> 00:17:11,586
For the product being packaged,
293
00:17:11,586 --> 00:17:14,586
So producers must supply
The capper manufacturer
294
00:17:14,586 --> 00:17:19,000
With samples of
Their specific bottles and caps.
295
00:17:19,000 --> 00:17:21,103
The first step
Of the design phase
296
00:17:21,103 --> 00:17:22,689
Is to paint the samples white
297
00:17:22,689 --> 00:17:26,275
So that engineers can scan them
With a laser to produce
298
00:17:26,275 --> 00:17:29,655
A three-dimensional
Computer model.
299
00:17:29,655 --> 00:17:32,620
Then the engineers use
That virtual bottle and cap
300
00:17:32,620 --> 00:17:36,793
To design the machine's
Bottle-handling equipment.
301
00:17:36,793 --> 00:17:38,344
This refers to the components
302
00:17:38,344 --> 00:17:40,724
Which transport the bottles
Through the machine
303
00:17:40,724 --> 00:17:44,241
As opposed to the components
That apply the cap.
304
00:17:44,241 --> 00:17:46,793
This computer-guided
Water-jet cutter
305
00:17:46,793 --> 00:17:50,827
Slices through a stainless-steel
Plate to make the bases
306
00:17:50,827 --> 00:17:52,965
That support
The bottle-handling equipment
307
00:17:52,965 --> 00:17:56,000
On the capper from underneath.
308
00:17:56,000 --> 00:17:58,103
A computer-guided
Machining center
309
00:17:58,103 --> 00:18:00,517
Shapes the complex
Bottle-handling components
310
00:18:00,517 --> 00:18:02,862
Out of stainless-steel rods.
311
00:18:07,034 --> 00:18:08,931
The capper's
Bottle-capping components
312
00:18:08,931 --> 00:18:11,000
Are machined the same way.
313
00:18:13,241 --> 00:18:17,344
Every part undergoes
A precision inspection.
314
00:18:17,344 --> 00:18:19,827
An engineer checks
The dimensions with a device
315
00:18:19,827 --> 00:18:21,862
Called
A coordinate measuring machine.
316
00:18:29,103 --> 00:18:32,000
A computer-guided router
Cuts the plastic components
317
00:18:32,000 --> 00:18:33,655
Of the bottle-handling equipment
318
00:18:33,655 --> 00:18:36,862
From a 19-millimeter-thick sheet
Of polyethylene.
319
00:18:47,172 --> 00:18:51,103
Meanwhile, an electrician wires
The capper's control panel.
320
00:18:51,103 --> 00:18:52,413
It houses the components
321
00:18:52,413 --> 00:18:54,448
Which regulate
The machine's speed,
322
00:18:54,448 --> 00:18:56,482
As well as the computer
That controls
323
00:18:56,482 --> 00:18:59,413
All the machine's functions.
324
00:18:59,413 --> 00:19:02,344
The machine has sensors that
Detect the presence of a bottle
325
00:19:02,344 --> 00:19:04,931
And cap at the capping head.
326
00:19:04,931 --> 00:19:09,241
These sensors are wired
To the computer.
327
00:19:09,241 --> 00:19:12,448
Other workers assemble the
Production-line conveyor belt
328
00:19:12,448 --> 00:19:17,413
That ferries bottles
Into and out of the capper.
329
00:19:17,413 --> 00:19:19,620
The belt is comprised
Of plastic links
330
00:19:19,620 --> 00:19:21,482
Connected with pins.
331
00:19:27,000 --> 00:19:29,068
To begin assembling the machine,
332
00:19:29,068 --> 00:19:31,241
Workers attach
The three capping heads
333
00:19:31,241 --> 00:19:33,206
To the overhead carousel.
334
00:19:33,206 --> 00:19:36,068
Then they install
A capping chuck in each head.
335
00:19:36,068 --> 00:19:38,034
The chuck picks up a cap.
336
00:19:38,034 --> 00:19:43,137
Then the capping head rotates
To screw the cap on the bottle.
337
00:19:43,137 --> 00:19:44,620
A computer-guided engraver
338
00:19:44,620 --> 00:19:48,000
Labels the capper's
Infeed star wheel --
339
00:19:48,000 --> 00:19:52,000
A disc with pockets that guide
The bottles into the machine.
340
00:19:52,000 --> 00:19:54,620
Workers highlight
The engraving with paint
341
00:19:54,620 --> 00:19:56,103
And inset a colored disc
342
00:19:56,103 --> 00:19:58,413
Indicating
The specific bottle size
343
00:19:58,413 --> 00:20:01,482
The star wheel
Is designed to run.
344
00:20:01,482 --> 00:20:03,000
They repeat these steps
345
00:20:03,000 --> 00:20:05,896
With the machine's
Two other star wheels --
346
00:20:05,896 --> 00:20:07,310
One in the center of the machine
347
00:20:07,310 --> 00:20:10,413
That moves the bottles
Under the capping heads
348
00:20:10,413 --> 00:20:12,206
And another that transfers
The bottles
349
00:20:12,206 --> 00:20:14,206
To the machine's exit.
350
00:20:14,206 --> 00:20:18,482
Workers manually assemble
Each star wheel.
351
00:20:18,482 --> 00:20:20,758
They verify the pocket size...
352
00:20:20,758 --> 00:20:22,965
Then, on the center
Star wheel only,
353
00:20:22,965 --> 00:20:25,620
Bolt a stainless-steel
Reinforcement layer
354
00:20:25,620 --> 00:20:27,655
And line the pockets
With a rubber material
355
00:20:27,655 --> 00:20:29,551
That grips bottles.
356
00:20:31,551 --> 00:20:34,724
After installing the metal
Support bases on the capper,
357
00:20:34,724 --> 00:20:37,310
They mount
The corresponding star wheels.
358
00:20:37,310 --> 00:20:40,724
The center star wheel and base
Have to be made in halves
359
00:20:40,724 --> 00:20:44,965
To fit around
The machine's central shaft.
360
00:20:44,965 --> 00:20:47,379
Workers install
The center guide.
361
00:20:47,379 --> 00:20:49,103
The bottles travel in the path
362
00:20:49,103 --> 00:20:52,034
Between the wheels
And the guide.
363
00:20:52,034 --> 00:20:54,724
Next, workers install
A restraint belt
364
00:20:54,724 --> 00:20:56,241
Made of the same rubber material
365
00:20:56,241 --> 00:21:00,172
That lines the center
Star wheel pockets.
366
00:21:00,172 --> 00:21:01,931
The belt and pocket
Prevent the bottle
367
00:21:01,931 --> 00:21:07,068
From spinning as the capping
Head screws on the cap.
368
00:21:07,068 --> 00:21:11,068
No capper leaves the factory
Without a test run.
369
00:21:11,068 --> 00:21:13,137
Before running
The machine normally,
370
00:21:13,137 --> 00:21:15,344
Workers run it
At low speed to check
371
00:21:15,344 --> 00:21:17,586
That the components
Are properly aligned
372
00:21:17,586 --> 00:21:21,413
And the movements
Correctly timed.
373
00:21:21,413 --> 00:21:24,206
The infeed star wheel
Receiving the bottles
374
00:21:24,206 --> 00:21:26,103
Transfers them
To the center star wheel
375
00:21:26,103 --> 00:21:28,482
Under the capping heads.
376
00:21:28,482 --> 00:21:32,793
The capped bottles then transfer
To the discharge star wheel,
377
00:21:32,793 --> 00:21:34,689
Which guides them
To the conveyor belt
378
00:21:34,689 --> 00:21:36,586
Leading to the labeling machine.
30054
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