All language subtitles for S24E09 - Recycled Skateboards; Braided Pastry; Construction Trailers; Metalworking Vises (1080p AMZN WEB-DL x265 Garshasp)_track4_[eng]
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--captions by vitac--
Www.Vitac.Com
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Captions paid for by
Discovery communications
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Narrator: sixty years ago,
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00:00:54,275 --> 00:00:57,275
Surfers in california
Were looking to ride the streets
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Like they surf the waves.
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00:00:58,862 --> 00:01:00,344
They came up with an idea
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To strap roller skate wheels
On their surfboards,
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And the skateboard was born.
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Since then, skateboarding has
Evolved into a sport, a passion
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And a lifestyle
For people all over the world.
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In a backyard pool, a skater
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Gauges the feel and response
Of these recycled skateboards.
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Recycled skateboards
Give new life
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To unrideable old boards.
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The boards on this rack would
Normally end up in a landfill.
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First, the designer
Heats up the old grip tape
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And peels it off.
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This reveals the board's
Original graphics.
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He grinds off the graphics,
Leaving bare wood.
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He applies epoxy on top
Of a colored veneer coating
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And stacks the boards
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On the table
Of a bottle jack press.
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He glues another board
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And places it on top
Of the first one.
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He repeats this stack process
With different colored boards.
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The stacking continues
Until the designer
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Has about 20 boards
On the table.
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He puts the bottle jacks
In place and cranks them up.
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Each jack applies 10 tons
Of compression,
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Pressing the boards together
While the epoxy cures
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00:02:36,724 --> 00:02:39,000
And the excess glue drips out.
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The designer makes a cross cut
In the stack with a bandsaw.
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Each new board he makes comes
With a unique color design.
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A worker traces a cutting mark
On the board
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And makes a rough cut
Along it with a jigsaw.
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He sands down the rough profile
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Of the board using
A table-mounted belt sander.
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Before the board
Goes to silk screening,
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He uses a custom template
To drill holes
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For the assembly bolts.
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A designer pours water-based ink
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On top
Of a screen printing mesh.
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He takes a squeegee
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And pulls the ink
Through the membrane
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To print the company logo
Onto the board.
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He removes
The silk screening frame,
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And the board continues on
To the epoxy phase.
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A worker pours epoxy resin
On top of a fiberglass cloth.
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00:03:51,241 --> 00:03:53,827
He spreads out the epoxy
With a squeegee
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00:03:53,827 --> 00:03:56,344
In a slow, constant motion.
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This keeps air bubbles,
Runs, or drips
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From ruining the finish
Of the board.
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The cloth absorbs the resin.
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The worker cuts off the excess
Cloth with a razor blade
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And applies a finish coat
Of epoxy,
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Completing the board's covering.
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A worker uses a router
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To smooth out the curve
Of a different board.
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He finishes the board profile
With fine sanding paper.
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A worker sprinkles
Recycled crushed glass
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On the epoxy-covered board.
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This will provide grip for
The board instead of grip tape.
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Before the resin hardens
And cures,
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He presses the glass
Into the epoxy with a wheel.
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He sands the bottom of the board
With a sanding block.
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He goes through seven
Different grits of sand paper.
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Then the board is washed
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And polished before starting
The final assembly process.
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A worker assembles the wheels
On a truck
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And bolts them on with hex nuts.
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He tightens the wheels
With a wrench
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Until he's reached
The desired torque ratio
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And gives them a test spin.
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00:05:09,586 --> 00:05:12,034
He inserts bolts
Through the board
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And places a urethane riser pad
Underneath the skate deck.
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Then he starts
Assembling the truck.
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He uses a screw gun to secure
The wheel trucks in place.
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Each skateboard is equipped
With polyurethane wheels
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Mounted on metal trucks.
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These allow the rider
To steer and control the board.
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Recycled skateboards are made
Form a wide variety
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Of shapes, deck sizes,
Wheels and trucks,
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Suiting each rider's unique
Tastes and performance needs.
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Narrator: many years ago,
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Danish bakers
Got creative with pastry dough.
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They began braiding it,
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Putting a whole new twist
On deserts.
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Braided pastry
Looks more elaborate
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Than ordinary pastry.
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The flakiness of the dough
And the scrumptious fillings
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Make braided pastry taste
As good as it looks.
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Factory-made braided pasty
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Can be kept frozen
Until you're ready to eat it.
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After just a few minutes
In the oven,
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You will have
A fresh-baked desert.
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The pastry looks as though it
Takes many hours to prepare,
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But of course,
It is no trouble at all.
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To produce braided pastry,
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This factory uses a number
Of ingredients,
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Including yeast...
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Granulated sugar...
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Pastry flour....
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...Dried eggs and water.
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The ingredients go into a large
Refrigerated mixer.
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The cooling keeps
The yeast dormant
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00:07:01,413 --> 00:07:04,068
As beaters work the ingredients
Into dough.
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00:07:06,310 --> 00:07:08,000
After the dough
Leaves the mixer,
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00:07:08,000 --> 00:07:10,206
It tumbles into a hopper.
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A cutter wheel chops the dough
Into several pieces.
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The pieces of dough travel
Between conveyors
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That squeeze them
Into ribbons of dough
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That will be fed to an extruder.
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The extruder shapes
The elongated dough pieces
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Into one continuous sheet.
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At the exit of the extruder,
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An employee
Dusts the conveyor with flour.
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This prevents the dough
From sticking to it.
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A pump at the extruder exit
Spreads big blocks
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Of soft butter across
The newly formed sheet of dough.
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Down the conveyor,
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Plow-like flaps
Fold the buttered dough over,
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Creating a double layer.
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00:07:58,655 --> 00:08:01,379
This folding process,
Called lamination,
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00:08:01,379 --> 00:08:04,206
Will build up multiple layers
Of buttered dough,
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Resulting
In a very flaky pastry.
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Next, the dough
Travels into a drum
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00:08:12,758 --> 00:08:14,793
With spinning rolling pins.
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00:08:14,793 --> 00:08:18,793
These rolling pins flatten
The folded dough significantly,
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Compressing the layers
Into one thin sheet.
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00:08:23,517 --> 00:08:25,862
Now, a conveyor
Takes the compressed sheet
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00:08:25,862 --> 00:08:28,551
Through a device
That will fold the dough again.
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00:08:36,206 --> 00:08:39,344
Next, rolling pins
Squeeze the stack of dough
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00:08:39,344 --> 00:08:41,827
Into a single piece once again.
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00:08:47,724 --> 00:08:50,689
Revolving cutters
Slice the laminated dough
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00:08:50,689 --> 00:08:52,034
As it moves forward.
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The cuts create angled strips
For braiding.
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At the next station,
A sweet cherry filling
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With a jam-like consistency
Is waiting.
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00:09:07,241 --> 00:09:10,758
Nozzles deposit precise amounts
Of cherry filling
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Between the angled cuts.
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Next, workers braid the dough
Over the center filling,
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Creating
An attractive-looking pastry.
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00:09:22,517 --> 00:09:23,758
Sensors determine
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00:09:23,758 --> 00:09:26,827
Where the blade
Will slice the braided pastries.
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00:09:31,655 --> 00:09:33,655
The braided pastries
Are transferred
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00:09:33,655 --> 00:09:35,724
To another conveyor
With a scale.
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00:09:35,724 --> 00:09:37,724
The scale confirms that there is
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00:09:37,724 --> 00:09:41,551
A sufficient amount of filling
In each pastry.
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The braided pastries
Now head into a freezer
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Set a temperature
Of 29 degrees below zero.
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00:09:48,551 --> 00:09:50,172
Inside the freezer,
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00:09:50,172 --> 00:09:54,103
The pastries revolve
On carousels for 45 minutes.
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This gradual freezing process
Preserves the yeast.
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00:10:00,344 --> 00:10:02,482
Next, the pastries
Wind their way
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00:10:02,482 --> 00:10:05,551
Toward the packaging station.
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00:10:05,551 --> 00:10:07,862
Here, workers place
A packet of icing
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00:10:07,862 --> 00:10:09,689
Under each braided pastry
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00:10:09,689 --> 00:10:12,448
And send them
To an automated packager.
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00:10:17,379 --> 00:10:21,000
Machines wrap a plastic sleeve
Around the pasty.
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To minimize the amount
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Of time the pastry
Is out of the freezer,
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Things must move quickly.
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The pastries
Pass over a weigh station
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To confirm the correct amount
Has been packaged.
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When baked,
The pastry rises significantly,
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Allowing the braided profile
To expand.
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The layers of dough separate
And become flaky.
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The cherry filling seeps
Into the pastry.
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Endings don't get
Much sweeter than this.
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Narrator:
Pass by any construction site,
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00:11:08,517 --> 00:11:10,000
And you'll probably see
A trailer.
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00:11:10,000 --> 00:11:13,172
Construction trailers provide
Room for an on-site office
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00:11:13,172 --> 00:11:15,931
Or lunch room
For the construction workers.
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00:11:15,931 --> 00:11:19,344
A trailer can also be used
As a decontamination room
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00:11:19,344 --> 00:11:21,827
For workers to remove
Their protective clothing
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00:11:21,827 --> 00:11:26,275
And shower after handling
Hazardous materials.
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00:11:26,275 --> 00:11:29,827
Construction trailers
Are typically 10 to 13 feet wide
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00:11:29,827 --> 00:11:32,241
And up to 59 feet long.
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00:11:36,275 --> 00:11:38,448
The inside of the trailer
Can be equipped
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00:11:38,448 --> 00:11:40,482
For whatever function
It will serve.
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00:11:45,310 --> 00:11:49,931
The structure of the trailer
Is made of spruce, pine, or fir.
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00:11:49,931 --> 00:11:53,689
Workers start with an underfloor
Made of wood particle board.
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00:11:53,689 --> 00:11:57,000
Then they nail floor joists
To the boar and frame them.
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00:11:57,000 --> 00:12:00,068
The insulate the floor
With fiberglass wool
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00:12:00,068 --> 00:12:03,206
And nail a plywood subfloor
On top.
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00:12:03,206 --> 00:12:06,344
Then they spread tile glue
Over the subfloor.
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00:12:06,344 --> 00:12:10,068
The glue is freeze-proof
And mold resistant.
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00:12:10,068 --> 00:12:12,206
They complete the floor
By laying down
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00:12:12,206 --> 00:12:15,034
Commercial-grade vinyl tile
Or linoleum.
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00:12:18,275 --> 00:12:20,000
To build the walls
Of the trailer.
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00:12:20,000 --> 00:12:22,137
They nail pieces of woods
Called studs
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00:12:22,137 --> 00:12:25,413
Every 15 inches
Along the sole plate.
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00:12:25,413 --> 00:12:29,413
The sole plate is the bottom
Section of the trailer's wall.
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00:12:29,413 --> 00:12:33,068
Then they build rough openings
For the windows and doors.
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00:12:33,068 --> 00:12:35,758
Finally, they nail
Another horizontal piece
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00:12:35,758 --> 00:12:37,551
Along the top of the studs.
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00:12:37,551 --> 00:12:40,379
This is called
The double top plate.
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00:12:40,379 --> 00:12:43,137
The structure
Of the wall is complete.
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00:12:43,137 --> 00:12:46,000
Now, they apply glue
To the studs and nail
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00:12:46,000 --> 00:12:48,000
On a sheet of plywood
To the lower part
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00:12:48,000 --> 00:12:49,827
Of the wall structure.
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00:12:49,827 --> 00:12:51,517
They repeat this process
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00:12:51,517 --> 00:12:54,241
With the three other walls
Of the trailer.
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00:12:56,379 --> 00:12:58,068
Then they raise each wall
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00:12:58,068 --> 00:13:01,551
And nail a sole plate
To the floor.
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00:13:01,551 --> 00:13:05,517
The plywood exterior wall
Extends below the sole plate,
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00:13:05,517 --> 00:13:08,275
Covering the side
Of the floor frame.
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00:13:08,275 --> 00:13:10,586
They glue the plywood
To the floor frame
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00:13:10,586 --> 00:13:12,827
And reinforce it with nails.
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00:13:15,931 --> 00:13:18,517
Next, the roof of the trailer --
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00:13:18,517 --> 00:13:20,965
It is constructed in layers.
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00:13:20,965 --> 00:13:24,103
First, they lay
Down the fiber board ceiling,
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00:13:26,206 --> 00:13:29,689
Then install
A plastic vapor barrier.
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00:13:29,689 --> 00:13:32,034
Next, the roof joists --
215
00:13:32,034 --> 00:13:35,758
The joists have sloped edges
To drain water off the roof
216
00:13:35,758 --> 00:13:38,965
And holes
For electric cables.
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00:13:38,965 --> 00:13:41,000
Once the joists are installed,
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00:13:41,000 --> 00:13:46,034
Workers frame the roof structure
With end plates.
219
00:13:46,034 --> 00:13:48,241
Then they thread in
Electric cables
220
00:13:48,241 --> 00:13:50,896
For the lights, outlets,
Baseboard heaters,
221
00:13:50,896 --> 00:13:52,896
And other electrical components.
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00:13:55,000 --> 00:13:58,448
Now, they begin their work
Inside the trailer.
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00:13:58,448 --> 00:14:01,000
First,
Fiberglass wool insulation
224
00:14:01,000 --> 00:14:03,344
Is installed between the studs.
225
00:14:06,689 --> 00:14:08,965
A plastic vapor barrier
Is added.
226
00:14:08,965 --> 00:14:11,827
Then they install
Smooth wood panels.
227
00:14:11,827 --> 00:14:16,000
The wood panels are laminated
With vinyl for a clean finish.
228
00:14:16,000 --> 00:14:17,448
At the same time,
229
00:14:17,448 --> 00:14:21,103
Work continues on the outside
Of the construction trailer.
230
00:14:21,103 --> 00:14:24,586
Under the floor, workers
Install one to three axles.
231
00:14:24,586 --> 00:14:27,793
The amount depends
On the trailer's length.
232
00:14:27,793 --> 00:14:31,275
Each axle can support
Around two and a half tons.
233
00:14:34,965 --> 00:14:38,137
After workers install
All of the exterior plywood,
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00:14:38,137 --> 00:14:41,206
Workers begin
The finishing process.
235
00:14:41,206 --> 00:14:43,413
At the top and bottom
Of the trailer,
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00:14:43,413 --> 00:14:48,068
They install starter moldings
Made of painted sheet steel.
237
00:14:48,068 --> 00:14:51,448
Then they begin installing
Panels of painted steel.
238
00:14:58,034 --> 00:15:00,275
Windows and doors are installed
239
00:15:00,275 --> 00:15:03,103
Before adding
The painted steel siding.
240
00:15:03,103 --> 00:15:05,137
This is so the ends
Of the steel siding
241
00:15:05,137 --> 00:15:07,413
Will beneath the door
Or window moldings,
242
00:15:07,413 --> 00:15:09,551
Producing a neater finish.
243
00:15:19,620 --> 00:15:22,068
Trailers longer than 32 feet
244
00:15:22,068 --> 00:15:24,068
Have both heating
And air conditioning
245
00:15:24,068 --> 00:15:27,379
Via a duct system.
246
00:15:27,379 --> 00:15:30,896
Workers mount the air ducts
To the ceiling with brackets.
247
00:15:30,896 --> 00:15:33,275
They also install
Electrical outlets,
248
00:15:33,275 --> 00:15:35,241
Light fixtures, interior trims,
249
00:15:35,241 --> 00:15:38,310
And electric baseboards
For additional heating.
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00:15:38,310 --> 00:15:40,482
Trailers shorter than 32 feet
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Only have
Electric baseboard heaters
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And a window-mounted
Air conditioner.
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However,
There is the option to upgrade
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To the full duct system.
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To finish the roof,
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They staple white fiberboard
To the roof joists.
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Then a hitch system
Is installed.
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This enables a truck
To haul the trailer
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To and from
The construction site.
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Narrator:
A metalworking vise
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Holds a piece of metal in place
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So that a computerized cutter
Can shape it into a part.
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You often see vises
On "How it's made."
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Now it's time to find out
How they are made.
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Metalworking vises
Have parallel jaws
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That close tightly
Around a piece of metal.
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Their firm grip allows a part
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To be machined
With pinpoint accuracy.
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00:16:52,620 --> 00:16:56,827
To make a metalworking vise,
They start with a steel rod.
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00:16:56,827 --> 00:17:00,724
It spins in a lathe
As tools carve threads into it.
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The result is a lead screw
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That will be used to open
And close the jaws of the vise.
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00:17:09,517 --> 00:17:14,103
Next, cutters transform a piece
Of aluminum into a thumb screw.
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The thumb screw is used
For turning the lead screw.
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The outside of the screw
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Is given a neural texture
For better gripping.
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The final tool
Shaves the roughed-edge rim
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Of the screw to make
It smoother to the touch.
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This completes the thumb screw.
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Now, an automated saw
Cuts the steel bar
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Into smaller pieces.
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Each piece will be used
To make the base of a vise.
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00:17:39,517 --> 00:17:42,965
Next, a cutter sculpts
The outside of a base piece
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00:17:42,965 --> 00:17:45,103
To the desired profile.
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00:17:47,655 --> 00:17:51,689
Another tool carves a channel
In the center of the base piece.
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00:17:59,517 --> 00:18:01,931
The cutting machine
Also creates components
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00:18:01,931 --> 00:18:04,000
For the vise's shuttle system.
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00:18:07,862 --> 00:18:10,034
Then a machine cuts
The reverse side
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00:18:10,034 --> 00:18:12,551
Of the vise base
Flat and smooth.
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00:18:16,758 --> 00:18:18,344
It also drills holes
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00:18:18,344 --> 00:18:20,586
For mounting the vise
To milling equipment.
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00:18:23,206 --> 00:18:26,103
A constant flow
Of coolant is applied
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00:18:26,103 --> 00:18:29,551
To protect the tool from wear.
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00:18:29,551 --> 00:18:32,896
Next, a steel block
Is locked in a vise.
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00:18:32,896 --> 00:18:36,275
Yes, they used vises
To make new vises.
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00:18:39,724 --> 00:18:43,172
The vise holds the piece
Of steel firmly in place
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00:18:43,172 --> 00:18:46,931
As tools shape it
Into one of the new vise's jaws.
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00:18:50,689 --> 00:18:52,482
After a heat treatment,
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00:18:52,482 --> 00:18:54,413
They spray
Small particles of sand
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00:18:54,413 --> 00:18:57,482
Onto the newly formed jaw.
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00:18:57,482 --> 00:19:00,344
The sand blasting
Removes blemishes.
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00:19:03,620 --> 00:19:06,448
A worker now submerges
All parts of the vise
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00:19:06,448 --> 00:19:08,206
In a hot chemical solution,
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00:19:08,206 --> 00:19:11,758
Leaving them there
For eight hours.
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00:19:11,758 --> 00:19:15,724
This chemical solution gives
The parts a black oxide finish
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00:19:15,724 --> 00:19:18,000
And protects them from rust.
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00:19:20,896 --> 00:19:25,620
Here is the vise before
And after the oxide treatment.
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00:19:25,620 --> 00:19:27,275
Next,
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00:19:27,275 --> 00:19:29,241
A laser etches the brand name,
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00:19:29,241 --> 00:19:31,137
Part number,
And basic dimensions
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00:19:31,137 --> 00:19:33,137
Onto the base of the vise.
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00:19:39,000 --> 00:19:42,586
Then a probe gauges the size
Of the mounting hole.
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00:19:42,586 --> 00:19:43,793
It also determines
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00:19:43,793 --> 00:19:47,689
If they've been drilled
In the correct location.
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00:19:47,689 --> 00:19:49,931
Now, it's time
To assemble all the parts
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00:19:49,931 --> 00:19:53,103
Of the metalworking vise.
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00:19:53,103 --> 00:19:56,827
The worker threads retainer
Rings onto the lead screw.
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00:19:56,827 --> 00:19:59,931
Then he installs the lead screw
In the base.
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00:20:02,758 --> 00:20:06,758
He places shuttle devices
Onto each end of the lead screw.
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00:20:11,103 --> 00:20:14,655
He inserts spacing blocks
In the channel.
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00:20:14,655 --> 00:20:17,103
He moves the shuttle devices
Forward,
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00:20:17,103 --> 00:20:19,413
Using the spacing blocks
As guides
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00:20:19,413 --> 00:20:22,344
For the correct positioning.
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00:20:22,344 --> 00:20:24,827
After removing
The spacing blocks,
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00:20:24,827 --> 00:20:27,379
He adjusts the retainer rings.
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00:20:29,862 --> 00:20:32,586
He places steel jaws
On the shuttle devices
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00:20:32,586 --> 00:20:34,689
And bolts them in place.
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00:20:38,137 --> 00:20:41,206
Once the thumb screw has been
Attached to the lead screw,
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00:20:41,206 --> 00:20:44,689
The assembly is complete.
330
00:20:44,689 --> 00:20:48,448
Now, it's over to a computerized
Measuring station.
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00:20:48,448 --> 00:20:51,034
The controller positions
The vise in the equipment,
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00:20:51,034 --> 00:20:54,137
Then a probe moves in.
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00:20:54,137 --> 00:20:57,034
The probe compares
The coordinates of the vise
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00:20:57,034 --> 00:20:58,379
To a computer model
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00:20:58,379 --> 00:21:01,275
And checks that it measures up
To standards.
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Metalworking vises
Take four weeks to make
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And will hold up for many years.
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If you have any comments
About the show,
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00:21:21,137 --> 00:21:24,103
Or if you'd like to suggest
Topics for future shows,
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00:21:24,103 --> 00:21:27,172
Drop us a line at...
26971
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