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--captions by vitac--
Www.Vitac.Com
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Captions paid for by
Discovery communications
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Narrator: the pocket wallet was
Invented in the 17th century.
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Europe had switched
To paper money,
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And the gents of the day
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Needed a handy way
To pocket their cash.
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There's a slot for everything --
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Credit cards, I.D.,
And, of course, cash.
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And yet these wallets
Remain slim enough
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To fit into a trouser pocket.
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These fine
Handcrafted pocketbooks
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Are made from high-grade
Vegetable-tanned leather.
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An employee selects a hide
And arranges it on a work table.
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Then he chooses a die
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Shaped like one of the wallet's
Inside pockets.
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Using this hydraulic press,
He punches out the part.
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He cuts 11 different components
For the wallet's interior,
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Using a custom die for each one.
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He chooses tougher leather
In a contrasting color
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For the wallet's exterior.
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He now measures the thickness
Of the interior components.
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Using what's called
A skiving machine,
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He shaves them down
To .7 of a millimeter.
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00:02:11,379 --> 00:02:14,310
Another worker preheats
An embossing machine.
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It hot-stamps a pocket part
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With the company name
And the royal warrant logo,
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Which signifies
That the prince of wales
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Purchases this company's
Leather goods.
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Using a different
Skiving machine,
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They shave down the edges
Of the exterior wallet parts.
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This thinner border
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Will make the parts easier
To assemble later.
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The next worker applies
A water-based adhesive
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To a leather strip.
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It will reinforce
The top of a fabric square.
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With this manual device,
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She turns the top edge
To fold it in a straight line.
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This leather-trimmed
Fabric square
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Will be used to create
A credit-card pocket.
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She stamps a thin groove
Onto the leather trim
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To give it some definition.
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Next, she builds a credit-card
Slot with two of the squares.
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00:03:16,482 --> 00:03:19,689
Using an awl,
She scores a line in the fabric.
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The line serves as a guide
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As she stitches the squares
Together to complete the slot.
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She layers a third
Leather-trimmed block of fabric
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To create a second slot,
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Then adds a leather panel
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That forms the third
Credit-card slot.
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She glues and tucks
The excess leather
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Over the back
Of the fabric pocket.
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Then she checks the alignment
Of the slots
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With a tool
Called a bone folder.
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The next worker
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Sews the credit-card
Compartment together.
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There are two of these
Per wallet.
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They glue both compartments
To the wallet's spine
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Made of fabric and leather.
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This spine is called
The bend section,
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Because it bends
To fold the wallet in two.
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She attaches the bend section
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To a divider
For the money pocket.
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This divider is a bit longer
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Than the assembled
Interior components,
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To facilitate
The bending action.
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She glues a lining to
The wallet's leather exterior.
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Here, she uses a special hammer
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To ensure the interior
And exterior components
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Of this wallet adhere well.
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Then she trims the corner
Of the rim to make it look neat.
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She rounds the corners
Of the wallet
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To give them a gentler profile.
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Now she stitches
The assembly together,
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Leaving the bill pocket open
At the top.
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The next worker tucks
A metal wedge under the rim
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To protect
The rest of the wallet
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As she trims the rim
Close to the stitch.
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Removing these few slivers will
Make the wallet more flexible.
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She slides the bone folder
Into each credit-card slot
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To remove excess glue.
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Finally, a few dabs
Of leather preservative,
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And this luxury wallet
Is ready for retail
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With a price tag to match.
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The only question is,
Will that be cash or credit?
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Narrator: the french horn
Has a four-octave range
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And distinctive mellow sound.
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As with other brass instruments,
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The musician plays
Certain valve combinations
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And alters lip tension
To produce the right notes.
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However, on a french horn,
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The mouthpiece
Is relatively small,
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Making this instrument one
Of the most challenging to play.
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The french horn is made up
Of 13 feet of coiled tubing,
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A set of valves,
And a flared bell.
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To make the tail end,
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They shape a sheet of brass
Around a steel mandrel,
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Then braze the edges together
To form a tube.
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00:06:33,000 --> 00:06:37,000
With a burnishing tool,
An artisan rounds out the shape.
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Next, they lubricate
A brass disk
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As it spins on a lathe.
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Using a variety of tools,
They shape it into a bell.
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This plasma-weld machine fuses
The bell and tail together.
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Back on the lathe, they trim
The diameter of the bell...
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...Then roll the edge
Into a rim called a bead.
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This reinforces the bell.
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Next, they fill the bell
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With a hot, tar-like liquid
Called pitch.
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00:07:31,241 --> 00:07:33,000
Once the pitch cools,
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They put the tail
Into a forming block
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And carefully bend it.
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The hardened pitch
Provides support,
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Preventing the tail
From collapsing.
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They verify the bend
Against a template.
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Using the same technique,
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They shape the pieces
That form the horn's tubing.
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Of all the brass instruments,
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The french horn has
The most complex bends.
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These valve knuckles
Connect the tubes
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To the cases
That will house the valves.
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Some french horns
Have three valves.
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This double french horn
Has four.
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Each valve case goes
Onto this alignment device,
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00:08:17,896 --> 00:08:21,896
Which pushes in the knuckles
To the correct depth.
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00:08:21,896 --> 00:08:24,931
After brazing the knuckles
To the cases,
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They hollow out the case
Interiors with a cutter.
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Then they solder the valve cases
To each other
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With connecting rings.
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They insert the tubing parts
Into the valve knuckles.
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These curved tubes
Are the horn's slides.
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The musician
Tunes the instrument
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By adjusting them in and out
Of the straight tubes.
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After soldering the straight
Tubes to the knuckles,
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They remove the slides for now
To make other areas accessible.
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00:09:07,724 --> 00:09:10,206
Then they solder this partially
Assembled valve section
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To the tail and bell.
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00:09:16,241 --> 00:09:18,724
Now they apply buffing compound
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00:09:18,724 --> 00:09:22,103
And polish the horn's
Interior surfaces.
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They polish
The more accessible surfaces
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With a cloth buffing wheel.
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00:09:32,965 --> 00:09:35,586
Then they wash off the compound
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00:09:35,586 --> 00:09:39,862
And coat the entire surface
In a protective lacquer.
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00:09:39,862 --> 00:09:44,068
Now final assembly
Of the valve section can begin.
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They install rotors
In the valve cases
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And levers to activate them.
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00:09:51,379 --> 00:09:54,758
Unlike piston valves on
A trumpet that move up and down,
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These valves rotate
To direct air flow
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00:09:57,275 --> 00:09:59,793
Through specific
Tubing combinations.
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A lever connects to each valve
Via a rod and nylon cord.
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With the valve section
Now complete,
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They reinstall the slides,
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00:10:18,896 --> 00:10:22,137
Then do a final wipe-down
To remove grease residue
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And fingerprints.
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This pristine finish complements
The superb sound quality.
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[ french horn plays ]
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Narrator: soy sauce is a staple
Of asian cuisine,
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Used as both a condiment
And cooking ingredient.
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Its roots are in the seasonings
Of ancient china.
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00:10:58,931 --> 00:11:02,724
Today, you can buy artificial
Or chemically enhanced versions,
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But authentic soy sauce
Is all-natural
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And made the traditional way,
By brewing soybeans and wheat.
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At this small soy-sauce company,
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They use the centuries-old
Slow-fermentation method
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And just five ingredients --
Soybeans...
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Water...
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Wheat...
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Sea salt...
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And yeast.
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They begin by pouring soybeans
Into a cooking device
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Called a steam kettle.
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00:11:37,137 --> 00:11:40,379
After thoroughly rinsing
The soybeans twice,
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They fill the kettle
With water...
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...Then close the lid
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And boil the beans
For four hours.
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Meanwhile, they pan-roast wheat
In a skillet
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For about 25 minutes.
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Then they put the roasted wheat
Through a mill.
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The mill's steel rollers crack
Each grain into several pieces.
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This will enable the yeast
To better penetrate the wheat
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During the fermentation process.
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When the soybeans are ready,
They take them out of the kettle
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And spread them out
In large trays to cool.
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00:12:24,206 --> 00:12:27,310
When the beans cool
To 91 degrees fahrenheit,
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It's time to add the wheat.
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After mixing everything
Thoroughly,
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They sprinkle on yeast
And mix again.
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The ingredient proportions
Are key
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And therefore a company secret.
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To activate the yeast,
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They transfer the mix
To shallow boxes
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And stack them
For about 48 hours
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In a controlled incubation room.
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This process generates heat,
Which rises,
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00:12:51,758 --> 00:12:54,758
So they have to gradually
Move boxes to lower racks
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To prevent overheating,
Which would kill the yeast.
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For the next stage,
They make a brine
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By mixing fine sea salt
With spring water.
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00:13:08,965 --> 00:13:11,689
To give its soy sauce
A distinctive taste,
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This company repurposes bourbon
Barrels from local distilleries
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To use as fermentation vessels.
200
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Traces of bourbon in the wood
Permeate the mix as it ferments,
201
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Imbuing the sauce with
A subtle smoky and sweet flavor.
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00:13:28,068 --> 00:13:30,724
After dissolving the sea salt
In the spring water,
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They add the soybean mix,
Creating a moromi,
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The japanese word
For soybean mash.
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00:13:36,344 --> 00:13:38,206
They blend for a few minutes
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00:13:38,206 --> 00:13:40,758
Then seal the barrel
And leave it to ferment.
207
00:13:42,689 --> 00:13:45,000
For the first six weeks,
Once daily,
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They open the barrel
And mix the moromi
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To aerate the gases
That build up.
210
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This keeps the yeast active
And helps develop the flavor.
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00:13:53,000 --> 00:13:57,965
Then, after that, they open
And mix just once a week.
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00:13:57,965 --> 00:14:00,758
After 12 long months
Of fermentation,
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00:14:00,758 --> 00:14:02,793
It's finally ready.
214
00:14:02,793 --> 00:14:05,448
They open the barrel
And mix one last time.
215
00:14:09,551 --> 00:14:12,689
Then they empty the barrel
Onto a sheet of muslin
216
00:14:12,689 --> 00:14:15,586
Lining the tub
Of a stainless-steel press.
217
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They fold over the sheet
To enclose the moromi...
218
00:14:28,758 --> 00:14:32,137
...Then lay down planks of wood
To form a solid surface.
219
00:14:39,931 --> 00:14:42,862
The press applies
Six tons of pressure,
220
00:14:42,862 --> 00:14:45,344
Forcing the planks downward
Against the moromi.
221
00:14:45,344 --> 00:14:47,862
This squeezes out
All the liquid,
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00:14:47,862 --> 00:14:49,724
Which is the soy sauce.
223
00:14:49,724 --> 00:14:53,034
It exits through a hose
At the base of the tub
224
00:14:53,034 --> 00:14:58,068
And moves on to be filtered
And heat-pasteurized.
225
00:14:58,068 --> 00:15:00,413
The pressed moromi
Gets a new life
226
00:15:00,413 --> 00:15:03,482
As high-protein animal feed.
227
00:15:03,482 --> 00:15:06,068
While many soy sauces
Are mass-produced,
228
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This factory brews
Small batches at a time.
229
00:15:08,551 --> 00:15:11,137
A batch yields
About 600 bottles,
230
00:15:11,137 --> 00:15:14,793
Each of which
Workers here fill manually.
231
00:15:14,793 --> 00:15:17,862
They top each bottle
With a plastic diffuser,
232
00:15:17,862 --> 00:15:21,827
Which dispenses
Just a dash of sauce at a time.
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Then they twist on a plastic cap
234
00:15:23,862 --> 00:15:26,448
And slip a shrinkable
Plastic band over it.
235
00:15:26,448 --> 00:15:28,931
Using a heat gun,
They seal the band
236
00:15:28,931 --> 00:15:31,275
Tightly around the cap
And bottle.
237
00:15:31,275 --> 00:15:32,793
Then the label,
238
00:15:32,793 --> 00:15:36,586
On which they write the batch
Code and bottle number by hand,
239
00:15:36,586 --> 00:15:40,551
A fitting finale
For this signature soy sauce.
240
00:15:50,689 --> 00:15:52,689
Narrator:
Children's ride-on cars
241
00:15:52,689 --> 00:15:55,241
Are, quite simply, fun to drive.
242
00:15:55,241 --> 00:15:58,793
These molded plastic cars
Come in hot colors
243
00:15:58,793 --> 00:16:01,379
And often have a friendly face
On the front.
244
00:16:01,379 --> 00:16:03,413
These cars have character,
245
00:16:03,413 --> 00:16:05,517
And that's why
It's often bumper-to-bumper
246
00:16:05,517 --> 00:16:07,793
At the neighborhood playground.
247
00:16:11,827 --> 00:16:14,551
There's nothing like
That new-car feeling,
248
00:16:14,551 --> 00:16:17,517
Especially when it's
Your first set of wheels.
249
00:16:17,517 --> 00:16:21,034
Like many toys,
The appeal of the ride-on car
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Lies with children's desire
To emulate adults.
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And behind the wheel
Of their own little vehicles,
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A child can feel all grown up.
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Today's child-size coupes
Are synthetic creations.
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They start
With plastic resin pellets.
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They mix in chemical additives
And recycled plastic
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And grind it all into a powder.
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The powder funnels
Into a shaking sifter,
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Which screens out large pieces
The grinder missed.
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It then flows
Into a big blender.
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The plastic powder
Looks a lot like pastry flour,
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But not for long.
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The next ingredient
Is the colorant.
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There are various vivid hues
To choose from.
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They pour a measured amount of
Red colorant into the blender,
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And a spiraling beater
Evenly distributes it,
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Turning the white powder to red.
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They portion it into jugs,
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Which then shuttle
Down a conveyor.
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They arrive at a carousel
Of molds of car shapes.
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A worker empties the jugs
Of colored plastic granules
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Into them.
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These little grains of plastic
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Are about to be transformed
Into car parts.
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They lower the lid,
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Which contains the top halves
Of the molds.
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00:17:38,275 --> 00:17:41,931
The mold cage then spins
As it travels through an oven.
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The plastic inside melts,
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And the spinning action ensures
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It completely coats
The inside of the molds
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To create solid parts
With a hollow interior.
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The cage then rolls
Into a station,
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Where a spray of water
Cools everything down
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And causes the plastic inside
To solidify.
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The mold cage stops spinning,
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And a worker hooks it up
To a crane,
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Which lifts the lid.
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The powdered colored plastic
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Has been transformed
Into ride-on-car parts,
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And it's taken just 35 minutes.
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Some parts fall out, and others
Have to be pulled out.
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00:18:25,827 --> 00:18:29,206
But it's easy work, thanks to
The mold's nonstick surface.
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Seepage during molding
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Creates unwanted bits and nubs
On the main car body
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That they trim off by hand.
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00:18:38,137 --> 00:18:42,103
They also shave areas
That appear uneven.
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00:18:42,103 --> 00:18:44,379
Vents were formed
In the molding process
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00:18:44,379 --> 00:18:47,206
To release air
In the core of the part.
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00:18:47,206 --> 00:18:48,482
They now cap the vents
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00:18:48,482 --> 00:18:51,482
To keep little fingers
From getting stuck inside.
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00:18:55,724 --> 00:18:59,689
They trim the car roof
To improve its contours.
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00:18:59,689 --> 00:19:01,655
This also gets rid
Of any rough edges,
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Making it child-friendly.
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00:19:08,620 --> 00:19:13,586
They fit company medallions
Into slots in the roof pillars.
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00:19:14,724 --> 00:19:16,344
And they do a bit more trimming
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00:19:16,344 --> 00:19:19,206
To improve the profile
Of the parts.
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00:19:21,000 --> 00:19:23,896
Drills now work in concert
To bore assembly holes
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Into the main part
Of this coupe.
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00:19:28,620 --> 00:19:31,413
An employee then blasts out
The plastic shavings
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With an air nozzle.
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00:19:35,241 --> 00:19:39,862
He applies a sticker with
Production information on it...
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And then does
A final inspection.
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If he's satisfied
With the quality,
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He applies another company logo.
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Now flames lick
The plastic roofs and doors
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As they briefly torch them.
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They melt the surface
Just enough
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To give it a shiny veneer.
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00:20:04,827 --> 00:20:06,655
At the end
Of the production line,
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They pack up all the parts
Of this children's ride-on car,
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From the roof pillars...
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To the tires...
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To the steering wheel.
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Everything fits neatly
Into one package.
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Then it will be up to mom or dad
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To assemble all the pieces
Of this ride-on car.
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It's a job that should take
About 15 minutes or so.
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Then zoom away --
No driver's license required.
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If you have any comments
About the show,
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Or if you'd like to suggest
Topics for future shows,
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00:20:56,827 --> 00:20:58,586
Drop us a line at...
26262
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