All language subtitles for S15E10 - Alligator Bags; Lockers; Bench Planes; Deployable Flight Recorders (1080p AMZN WEB-DL x265 Garshasp)_track3_[eng]

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Narrator: alligator bags enjoyed
Their first wave of popularity

At the end of the 19th century.

The material was chosen
For its exotic look,

Rich texture,
High pliability, and durability.

Since then,
Many legendary designer handbags

Have been made
With alligator skin.

For some women,

A handbag is more
Than a practical accessory.

It's also a way
To express their personal style.

Depending on the bag's size,
Shape, and desired look,

Many exotic animal skins
Can be used --

Alligator, lizard,
Python, or ostrich.

This red skin
Is from the nile alligator.

The cutter maintains the pattern
In place with a weight.

He cuts out
The shape of the bag,

Leaving a border,
Called a turning-in,

All along the pattern.

The skiving machine

Delicately shaves
The back of the alligator skin

To make it thin and pliable.

A polishing jack
Creates a sheen.

A plating machine
Applies heat and pressure

To remove creases
And make the skin shiny.

Now it is placed on a hot plate
For a few seconds

To raise the skin

And create what is called
French bombay.

They brush rubber cement
On the back of the skin

And apply it to a thin piece
Of leather called a pliver.

This will keep the bombay
From flattening over time.

Then he cuts off
The excess skin,

Creating a turning-in.

This heavy paper and foam
Will go inside the bag's cover

To give it structure
And a cushiony feel.

He removes
The center part of the paper

To help the cover fold easily.

He uses a bone folder to fold
The turning-in over the paper...

Then carefully hammers it
In place.

Now he's making the sides,
Called gussets,

And the bottom of the bag.

He applies thin muslin

And rubs it in place
Under a protective paper.

Both gussets are sewn
To the bag's bottom

Using a very fine needle.

The stitches
Must be as discreet as possible.

The bag's lining is made

Of soft lamb leather
Called cabretta.

The top half
Contains a magnetic circle

Which serves to close the bag.

The brand's nameplate
Is also attached to the lining.

The nameplate
Sits inside the bag

So it will only be visible
When the bag is open.

The pocketbook maker

Delicately glues the lining
To the bottom of the bag.

He folds the leather over
With the bone folder

And uses the hammer

To make the juncture
As thin as possible.

Since the covers
Are glued in place,

There are no stitches visible

On the front and back
Of the bag,

Giving it a more luxurious look.

Now he scratches the border
To remove the sheen,

Which will help the glue adhere
To the leather.

He applies the back and front
Cover to the lining of the bag,

Making sure all the covers
Line up perfectly.

This step is only performed

By experienced
Pocketbook makers,

As it is crucial
To the final look of the bag.

Anything less than perfect

Would look like
A cheap imitation.

Custom-colored paints
Will fill in any gaps

And cover any variation
In the leather.

They finish
By polishing the bag,

Using a small amount
Of shoe polish

And a buffing cloth.

They must use very little polish

To avoid buildup
In the grain of the leather.

This also removes
Any dirt or cement.

It takes about seven hours
To make an alligator bag.

All the time, effort,
And materials

Result in a stylish
Fashion accessory

That's made to last for years.

Narrator:
Lockers are a familiar sight

In high-school corridors,
Gym changing rooms,

And many workplaces,

And in the world
Of professional sports,

Lockers are the backdrop
To many a post-game interview.

The latest trend is buying
Lockers for kids' bedrooms

As cool and practical
Storage furniture.

While they vary
In size and design,

All lockers
Have ventilation holes.

These help air circulate,
Which prevents odors.

Lockers are made
Of a hard type of steel

That's just flexible enough

For presses to bend
To the required shape.

The steel sheets
Are 1/10 of an inch thick.

Workers feed one at a time

Through a cutting tool
Called a square shear.

It slices from one end
Of the sheet to the other,

Cutting pieces
With the required width.

Each door piece goes
Into a 100-ton punch press,

Which stamps out
The ventilation holes.

The next press punches screw
And rivet holes around the edges

And a hole for the cup that
Houses the locker's closure.

The first bending press

Simultaneously folds over
The top and bottom edges,

Forming flanges.

This bend sets
The finished height of the door.

The next bend sets
The finished widthof the door.

The press folds the side edges
Over twice,

Forming a box-shaped rim.

Next, workers position
A steel reinforcement panel

Against the hinge side
Of the door.

They affix one side of the panel

Using a welding machine that
Fuses 12 spots simultaneously.

Then they weld the other side
Manually.

Now they mount the door
In an alignment fixture

Hinge-side up

And clamp a piano hinge
To the edge.

They fuse the hinge to the door

By welding it
To the top row of screw holes.

Meanwhile,
They bend pieces of steel

To form the locker's top,
Bottom, back, and sides.

Now they weld those parts
Together.

Then they weld the hasp,

The steel loop
Through which you hook a padlock

To lock the locker.

The hasp
Goes on the edge of the body

And protrudes through a slot
In the closure cup in the door.

Next,
The locker's interior shelf.

They set four rivets
Onto a positioning fixture --

Two in the center,
Two on the edge --

Then position the shelf on top,

Aligning the shelf's four holes
With the four rivets.

They position a single hook
Over each edge rivet

And weld it on.

Then they take a double hook

And position it
Over the two center rivets...

Then weld that on.

Then they weld the shelf
Into the locker body.

All the parts now head
Into the factory's paint shop.

The powder paint
They use for this model

Contains electrically charged
Silver particles --

A natural disinfectant

That kills any bacteria,
Viruses, and fungi

On the locker's surface.

Once coated, the parts go
Into an oven for a half-hour

To bake the paint.

Then final assembly begins.

First, workers mount the
Closure cup and the door hole

With a screw
And a retaining washer.

Next,
They install magnet catches

To hold the door closed...

And apply an adhesive sticker

Indicating this locker has
An antimicrobial paint coating.

Then they attach the door
To the body

By driving rivets
Through the lower row of holes

On the piano hinge.

They make sure
The door moves smoothly

And that the hasp aligns
With the slot in the cup.

The factory makes lockers

Of various sizes,
Shapes, and configurations.

Some models even have
Built-in combination locks.

Narrator: since roman times,
Woodworking planes

Have been part
Of the carpenter's tool kit.

And despite the invention of
Power tools for wood surfacing,

Many still prefer the hands-on
Approach of this simple tool.

Using it is a skill

That can take a piece of timber
From rough to refined.

If wood needs shaping,

It's time to reach
For the bench plane.

On the push stroke,

It shaves down
Bumps and high spots on wood

To make the surface
Level and true.

Production begins
With bench-plane patterns.

They place several in a box

And pour fine sand, mixed with
A bonding chemical, over them.

The bonding chemical
Solidifies the sand.

They poke holes
To vent gases later on.

And with the patterns removed,

It's clear that the bonding
Chemical has worked its magic.

The patterns have left
A definite impression

In the hardened sand.

They apply glue
To one half of the mold

So it adheres to the half
With the impressions in it.

They then glue
Two square-shaped spouts

Around holes in the sand mold.

Next, they fire up
The foundry furnace

And melt iron
Into a white-hot liquid.

Workers then carefully pour
The molten metal

Down the square spouts
And into the sand molds.

Gases are released through the
Holes poked in the sand earlier,

While weights keep the lids
From lifting from the pressure.

After a two-hour cooldown,

They break the molds and
Pick out the cast-iron parts.

The planes
Have a knobby protuberance,

Formed as metal flowed
Into the mold.

They slice that off.

And after strengthening the
Cast iron's physical properties,

They mill
The bottom of the bench plane

To make it reasonably flat.

They also expose a slit
Formed during molding.

They now lock the bench plane
In position

To allow the spiked teeth
Of a cutting wheel

To carve into the molded slit.

It enlarges the slit to form
The mouth of the bench plane,

The opening through which
The plane's blade will protrude.

Some precision work is needed,

So a tapered and serrated tool
Is forced through the mouth.

This opens it up a little more

To give it
The exact dimensions required.

Coolant now flows
To prevent overheating,

As a grinding wheel machines
The base of each bench plane

Until it's completely flat.

They now try to slip
A very thin steel strip

Between a level bar
And the base of the bench plane.

Failure confirms
It's perfectly flat.

Next, a cutting tool
Evens a sloped pad

Molded onto the front
Of the bench plane.

This pad, called the frog,
Will hold the sliding wedge

That sets the angle
Of the plane blade.

Production
Now focuses on the blade.

They heat a steel rod
In a furnace

Until it's white-hot
And malleable.

They then place it
Under a mechanized hammer

Which pounds it until it's flat.

They turn the flattened steel
Sideways,

And the pulsating hammer
Squares the edges.

Then another tool
Stamps the company's insignia

Onto one end of the blade.

The steel rod has been
Flattened, squared, and stamped.

It's then cut to the desired
Shape and dimensions

And given
A beveled cutting edge.

The next part
Is called a lever cap,

And it will be used to clamp the
Blade to the bench-plane frog.

They sand it smooth to
Improve its look and function.

They then buff
Each part of the bench plane

Against a cloth wheel
To a mirror-like finish.

It's now time
To fit the bench-plane frog

Into the pad
Machined especially for it.

They secure it with screws.

The cutting blade,

By now reinforced
By a part called the cap iron,

Fits flush to the frog.

They top off the assembly
With a lever cap

And clamp it all together
With a spring system.

They fit a knob
Made of tropical wood

On a threaded rod
On the front of the bench plane.

The knob and the back handle
Will allow the user

To firmly grip the bench plane
And push it forward.

And with the blade
Now protruding

From the base on an angle,

It's ready
To level any piece of wood,

Leaving only shavings
In its wake.

Narrator:
A flight data recorder,

Or a black box,

Records every detail
Of an aircraft's operations,

From engine speed
To cabin pressure.

After a crash,
Investigators extract the data

To determine what went wrong.

Black boxes
Are actually bright orange

So they'll stand out
Amid the wreckage.

These black boxes
Are the deployable type,

Meaning they separate
From the aircraft upon impact.

This makes them easier

For search-and-rescue crews
To recover.

To make the outer shell
That houses the components,

They use a two-part mold,

First waxing it
To ease extraction later on.

Then they brush on
An orange-tinted gel coat,

A liquid that, after four hours,

Hardens into a durable,
Waterproof finish.

Over the hardened gel coat,

They apply pieces
Of fiberglass cloth,

Saturating them
With orange-tinted resin.

They apply extra pieces in
The corners for reinforcement.

They continue
Until they've built up

Three layers of fiberglass.

The rectangular box on this mold
Half-casts a cavity in the shell

That will house
The device's key components.

They embed aluminum plates
Within the fiberglass

To reinforce the area

Where screws will attach
The cavity cover.

A computer-guided
Milling machine

Contours a piece of foam

That will fit the empty space
Inside the shell.

This foam
Absorbs the force of impact

So the flight data recorder
Can survive a crash.

They coat one side of
The foam core with resin paste,

Then lay it into the mold.

They fill voids with
A temporary retaining block

To prevent the foam core
From collapsing inward

During the vacuum process
That comes next.

They wrap the mold in felt
To protect the surface,

Put it in a plastic bag,
Attach a hose,

Then start the suction.

Over four hours, the vacuum
Slowly extracts the air,

Drawing the fiberglass
Tightly against the foam core

Without any wrinkles or puckers.

It takes another four hours for
The resin to completely cure.

Then they remove the mold
From the vacuum bag,

Coat the other side of
The foam core with resin paste,

And embed steel reinforcements.

Besides absorbing
The force of impact,

The foam core makes
The flight data recorder buoyant

Should the aircraft go down
In a body of water.

The device
Contains two antennas,

The first of which gets pasted

Into a designated spot
In the foam core.

One antenna
Transmits a distress signal,

The other a homing signal

To help search-and-rescue crews
Locate the downed aircraft.

Now they mate
The two parts of the mold,

Carefully sliding the antenna
That protrudes from one half

Through and out an opening
In the other half.

They bolt the mold closed

And leave the paste
To air-cure overnight.

The next day, they unbolt
The mold and extract the shell,

The two halves of which
Are now bonded

With the first antenna inside.

Now they can install
The other components,

Such as this memory module
Containing the circuit boards

That record the flight data
And cockpit audio.

All the components,
Prior to installation,

Undergo extensive testing
To ensure they operate properly

When subjected to vibration
And extreme temperatures.

The memory module
Goes into a fireproof box,

Along with the transmitter that
Sends out the locating signal

Via the antennas,

The second of which
They now install

Into the component cavity
At the top of the box.

Then they install the battery

That powers the transmitter
For 150 hours.

They connect the battery
To the transmitter

In the fireproof box...

Connect the transmitter
To the antennas,

Then screw the cover
To the aluminum plates

Embedded
Around the cavity's perimeter.

The finished device undergoes
A series of performance tests.

This one,
In a special echo-free chamber,

Verifies the signal
The transmitter sends out

Via the antennas.

The chamber's receiving antenna
Is connected to a computer

That analyzes
The signal's frequency

And transmission pattern --

Critical factors
In recovering the box

That provides vital clues
For crash investigators.

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