Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:53,133 --> 00:00:55,000
>> narrator: several millennia
2
00:00:55,000 --> 00:00:56,567
Before it ever adorned a
3
00:00:56,567 --> 00:00:58,467
Martini, the olive and its oil
4
00:00:58,467 --> 00:01:00,333
Were central to many ancient
5
00:01:00,333 --> 00:01:01,133
Economies.
6
00:01:01,133 --> 00:01:03,067
Today, olives remain as popular
7
00:01:03,067 --> 00:01:03,800
As ever.
8
00:01:03,800 --> 00:01:05,800
Not only are they tasty, they're
9
00:01:05,800 --> 00:01:07,633
Also healthy, low in calories
10
00:01:07,633 --> 00:01:09,367
And cholesterol and high in
11
00:01:09,367 --> 00:01:17,133
Dietary fiber and iron.
12
00:01:17,133 --> 00:01:18,900
Olives are inedible unless
13
00:01:18,900 --> 00:01:20,067
They're pickled.
14
00:01:20,067 --> 00:01:22,167
These gourmet olives are stuffed
15
00:01:22,167 --> 00:01:23,867
By hand with all kinds of
16
00:01:23,867 --> 00:01:25,967
Fillings, from almonds to garlic
17
00:01:25,967 --> 00:01:29,167
Cloves, even blue cheese.
18
00:01:29,167 --> 00:01:30,933
Straight from the field, they go
19
00:01:30,933 --> 00:01:32,233
Into barrels of brine.
20
00:01:32,233 --> 00:01:33,933
For nine months, they ferment.
21
00:01:33,933 --> 00:01:35,467
Their hard and bitter flesh
22
00:01:35,467 --> 00:01:39,533
Becoming softer and sweeter.
23
00:01:39,533 --> 00:01:41,167
Then it's on to a conveyor that
24
00:01:41,167 --> 00:01:42,867
Takes them to the cleaning area,
25
00:01:42,867 --> 00:01:44,500
Where workers remove leaves and
26
00:01:44,500 --> 00:01:53,733
Other debris.
27
00:01:53,733 --> 00:01:55,800
Next, they drop on to a belted
28
00:01:55,800 --> 00:02:01,167
Conveyor.
29
00:02:01,167 --> 00:02:03,067
The openings between the belts
30
00:02:03,067 --> 00:02:04,167
Gradually widen.
31
00:02:04,167 --> 00:02:06,067
As an olive reaches an opening
32
00:02:06,067 --> 00:02:07,900
Exceeding its width, it falls
33
00:02:07,900 --> 00:02:17,367
Through into a barrel below.
34
00:02:17,367 --> 00:02:19,333
By the time the olives reach the
35
00:02:19,333 --> 00:02:21,333
End of the conveyor, they're all
36
00:02:21,333 --> 00:02:23,133
Sorted by size, from small to
37
00:02:23,133 --> 00:02:25,100
Extra large.
38
00:02:33,133 --> 00:02:34,833
The next stop is the pitting
39
00:02:34,833 --> 00:02:38,300
Room.
40
00:02:38,300 --> 00:02:40,067
The first phase of the pitting
41
00:02:40,067 --> 00:02:41,667
Operation is a spinning drum
42
00:02:41,667 --> 00:02:43,433
With olive-sized pockets lining
43
00:02:43,433 --> 00:02:47,400
Its perimeter.
44
00:02:47,400 --> 00:02:49,733
As the drum rotates, an olive
45
00:02:49,733 --> 00:02:54,533
Settles into each pocket.
46
00:02:54,533 --> 00:02:56,400
This lines them up so that they
47
00:02:56,400 --> 00:02:58,100
Exit the drum in a line onto
48
00:02:58,100 --> 00:02:59,800
The conveyor that transports
49
00:02:59,800 --> 00:03:03,867
Them to the pitting machine.
50
00:03:03,867 --> 00:03:06,067
The machine pits 900 olives per
51
00:03:06,067 --> 00:03:07,700
Minute.
52
00:03:07,700 --> 00:03:09,467
Let's slow it down to show you
53
00:03:09,467 --> 00:03:10,367
What happens.
54
00:03:10,367 --> 00:03:12,200
A coring knife enters one end of
55
00:03:12,200 --> 00:03:13,967
The olive, pushing the pit out
56
00:03:13,967 --> 00:03:21,967
The other end.
57
00:03:21,967 --> 00:03:23,933
As the pit exits, it creates a
58
00:03:23,933 --> 00:03:25,767
Hole that's just the perfect
59
00:03:25,767 --> 00:03:27,733
Size for the stuffing.
60
00:03:53,067 --> 00:03:56,233
Next, a quality inspection.
61
00:03:56,233 --> 00:03:58,067
Workers weed out any olives that
62
00:03:58,067 --> 00:04:00,100
Aren't perfect.
63
00:04:08,433 --> 00:04:09,833
Then it's off to the stuffing
64
00:04:09,833 --> 00:04:16,167
Department.
65
00:04:16,167 --> 00:04:18,300
These beauties are being stuffed
66
00:04:18,300 --> 00:04:20,133
With pickled garlic gloves.
67
00:04:20,133 --> 00:04:22,267
The stuffer cuts the gloves into
68
00:04:22,267 --> 00:04:24,333
Hole-sized pieces, then inserts
69
00:04:24,333 --> 00:04:33,167
One piece into each olive.
70
00:04:33,167 --> 00:04:35,233
It's the same procedure with
71
00:04:35,233 --> 00:04:37,067
Other stuffings, such as
72
00:04:37,067 --> 00:04:39,067
JalapeƱo peppers, sun-dried
73
00:04:39,067 --> 00:04:41,067
Tomatoes, habanero peppers,
74
00:04:41,067 --> 00:04:45,533
Onions, almonds, and more.
75
00:04:45,533 --> 00:04:47,267
Workers empty the baskets of
76
00:04:47,267 --> 00:04:49,100
Stuffed olives onto a table of
77
00:04:49,100 --> 00:04:50,733
Empty jars, spreading them
78
00:04:50,733 --> 00:04:52,700
Around until every jar is full.
79
00:05:03,500 --> 00:05:05,100
On their way to the capping
80
00:05:05,100 --> 00:05:06,700
Machine, the open jars pass
81
00:05:06,700 --> 00:05:08,367
Under nozzles that fill them
82
00:05:08,367 --> 00:05:14,300
With fresh brine.
83
00:05:14,300 --> 00:05:16,333
An air jet blows off just a bit
84
00:05:16,333 --> 00:05:21,333
To help the cap go on easily.
85
00:05:21,333 --> 00:05:22,867
From there, it's into the
86
00:05:22,867 --> 00:05:24,733
Capping machine, which twists a
87
00:05:24,733 --> 00:05:26,633
Lid on each jar, heat-sealing it
88
00:05:26,633 --> 00:05:29,300
For an airtight fit...
89
00:05:29,300 --> 00:05:31,067
Then stamping on a lot number
90
00:05:31,067 --> 00:05:33,733
For tracking purposes.
91
00:05:33,733 --> 00:05:35,400
Finally, the jars head into a
92
00:05:35,400 --> 00:05:36,833
Machine that rolls on an
93
00:05:36,833 --> 00:05:39,800
Adhesive label.
94
00:05:39,800 --> 00:05:41,667
The brine serves as a natural
95
00:05:41,667 --> 00:05:43,367
Preservative, giving these
96
00:05:43,367 --> 00:05:45,100
Delectable gourmet olives a
97
00:05:45,100 --> 00:05:47,067
Two-year shelf life.
98
00:06:01,067 --> 00:06:02,900
>> narrator: in the middle ages,
99
00:06:02,900 --> 00:06:04,667
Navigators looked to the stars
100
00:06:04,667 --> 00:06:06,433
And planets to find their way,
101
00:06:06,433 --> 00:06:08,200
And for that, they relied on a
102
00:06:08,200 --> 00:06:10,067
Scientific instrument called the
103
00:06:10,067 --> 00:06:10,833
Astrolabe.
104
00:06:10,833 --> 00:06:12,467
Using this instrument, they
105
00:06:12,467 --> 00:06:13,967
Could measure the angular
106
00:06:13,967 --> 00:06:15,600
Distances between celestial
107
00:06:15,600 --> 00:06:17,367
Objects to calculate latitude.
108
00:06:17,367 --> 00:06:19,133
It was the medieval equivalent
109
00:06:19,133 --> 00:06:25,433
Of gps.
110
00:06:25,433 --> 00:06:27,233
Today, craftsmen still make
111
00:06:27,233 --> 00:06:29,167
Astrolabes to celebrate their
112
00:06:29,167 --> 00:06:30,433
Place in history.
113
00:06:30,433 --> 00:06:32,300
Without it, columbus may not
114
00:06:32,300 --> 00:06:34,333
Have discovered the americas in
115
00:06:34,333 --> 00:06:36,533
1492.
116
00:06:36,533 --> 00:06:38,533
Back then, astrolabes were
117
00:06:38,533 --> 00:06:40,800
Hand-forged and hand-engraved.
118
00:06:40,800 --> 00:06:43,067
Today, these instruments take
119
00:06:43,067 --> 00:06:45,267
Shape in two-part rubber molds
120
00:06:45,267 --> 00:06:50,933
And closed in a metal drum.
121
00:06:50,933 --> 00:06:52,400
The operator ladles molten
122
00:06:52,400 --> 00:06:54,133
Pewter into the mold through an
123
00:06:54,133 --> 00:06:57,667
Opening in the drum's lid.
124
00:06:57,667 --> 00:06:59,800
Inside, the mold spins, forcing
125
00:06:59,800 --> 00:07:01,967
Pewter into every part of this
126
00:07:01,967 --> 00:07:04,067
Astrolabe plate, complete with
127
00:07:04,067 --> 00:07:06,067
Geometric engravings on both
128
00:07:06,067 --> 00:07:08,133
Sides.
129
00:07:08,133 --> 00:07:10,067
He molds the dial and pointers
130
00:07:10,067 --> 00:07:14,133
The same way.
131
00:07:14,133 --> 00:07:16,533
He slices off excess pewter.
132
00:07:16,533 --> 00:07:20,267
It will be remelted and reused.
133
00:07:20,267 --> 00:07:22,067
He then sands the ragged edges
134
00:07:22,067 --> 00:07:23,567
Of the plate for a smoother
135
00:07:23,567 --> 00:07:31,867
Circumference.
136
00:07:31,867 --> 00:07:34,067
Next, he pours an acidic liquid
137
00:07:34,067 --> 00:07:36,133
Onto the astrolabe plate, which
138
00:07:36,133 --> 00:07:38,300
Blackens the pewter.
139
00:07:38,300 --> 00:07:40,300
He swishing the blackening agent
140
00:07:40,300 --> 00:07:42,300
Around to ensure it covers every
141
00:07:42,300 --> 00:07:44,267
Surface completely.
142
00:07:52,800 --> 00:07:54,733
He places the blackened plate in
143
00:07:54,733 --> 00:07:56,667
A barrel full of gritty, plastic
144
00:07:56,667 --> 00:08:02,467
Cones, soap, and water.
145
00:08:02,467 --> 00:08:04,167
As it revolves, everything
146
00:08:04,167 --> 00:08:06,233
Tosses about inside to scrub the
147
00:08:06,233 --> 00:08:08,200
Surface of the astrolabe plate,
148
00:08:08,200 --> 00:08:10,067
Believe the engraved designs
149
00:08:10,067 --> 00:08:11,800
Black.
150
00:08:11,800 --> 00:08:13,833
This process adds definition to
151
00:08:13,833 --> 00:08:14,833
The markings.
152
00:08:14,833 --> 00:08:16,800
In columbus's time, they would
153
00:08:16,800 --> 00:08:18,767
Have used a pumice stone and a
154
00:08:18,767 --> 00:08:20,733
Lot of elbow grease to achieve
155
00:08:20,733 --> 00:08:23,400
This effect.
156
00:08:23,400 --> 00:08:25,333
Next, the astrolabe plate goes
157
00:08:25,333 --> 00:08:26,967
For a tumble with bits of
158
00:08:26,967 --> 00:08:28,967
Ceramic to buff the pewter to a
159
00:08:28,967 --> 00:08:33,800
Glossy shine.
160
00:08:33,800 --> 00:08:35,500
Against the shiny pewter
161
00:08:35,500 --> 00:08:37,667
Backdrop, the geometric markings
162
00:08:37,667 --> 00:08:38,767
Now stand out.
163
00:08:38,767 --> 00:08:40,867
Clearly visible on the front is
164
00:08:40,867 --> 00:08:42,967
A map of the sky and the zodiac
165
00:08:42,967 --> 00:08:43,800
Calendar.
166
00:08:43,800 --> 00:08:45,267
And on the back, the
167
00:08:45,267 --> 00:08:46,900
Mathematical scales are
168
00:08:46,900 --> 00:08:49,700
Now clearly defined.
169
00:08:49,700 --> 00:08:51,533
The elaborate dial undergoes the
170
00:08:51,533 --> 00:08:53,267
Same processing to enhance its
171
00:08:53,267 --> 00:08:57,367
Celestial engravings.
172
00:08:57,367 --> 00:08:59,100
He now inserts a brash bushing
173
00:08:59,100 --> 00:09:00,667
In the center hole of the
174
00:09:00,667 --> 00:09:02,367
Astrolabe plate and twists it
175
00:09:02,367 --> 00:09:05,900
Into position.
176
00:09:05,900 --> 00:09:07,867
This bushing will act as a pivot
177
00:09:07,867 --> 00:09:11,700
For the dial and pointers.
178
00:09:11,700 --> 00:09:13,700
Once the dial is in position, he
179
00:09:13,700 --> 00:09:15,633
Installs a pointer on each side
180
00:09:15,633 --> 00:09:21,667
Of the plate.
181
00:09:21,667 --> 00:09:23,333
These pointers can be turned
182
00:09:23,333 --> 00:09:25,100
Like the hands of a clock, and
183
00:09:25,100 --> 00:09:26,900
The user measures the angle of
184
00:09:26,900 --> 00:09:28,367
The stars and planets in
185
00:09:28,367 --> 00:09:29,933
Relation to the horizon to
186
00:09:29,933 --> 00:09:34,233
Calculate his location.
187
00:09:34,233 --> 00:09:36,133
He caps the bushing with a screw
188
00:09:36,133 --> 00:09:37,833
On one side and a nut on the
189
00:09:37,833 --> 00:09:42,600
Other.
190
00:09:42,600 --> 00:09:44,300
He secures the assembly with a
191
00:09:44,300 --> 00:09:45,900
Specific amount of torque to
192
00:09:45,900 --> 00:09:47,600
Allow the dial and pointers to
193
00:09:47,600 --> 00:09:51,500
Move freely.
194
00:09:51,500 --> 00:09:53,100
He slips a metal ring through
195
00:09:53,100 --> 00:09:54,867
The top hole of the astrolabe so
196
00:09:54,867 --> 00:09:56,600
This instrument can be linked to
197
00:09:56,600 --> 00:10:02,267
A chain if the owner wishes.
198
00:10:02,267 --> 00:10:03,833
He spins the dial and pointers
199
00:10:03,833 --> 00:10:05,433
To confirm that they don't snag
200
00:10:05,433 --> 00:10:06,700
On the outer lip of the
201
00:10:06,700 --> 00:10:11,200
Instrument.
202
00:10:11,200 --> 00:10:12,967
Centuries after its heyday,
203
00:10:12,967 --> 00:10:15,033
This incredible instrument still
204
00:10:15,033 --> 00:10:15,933
Fascinates.
205
00:10:15,933 --> 00:10:17,900
The amount of information that
206
00:10:17,900 --> 00:10:19,833
Can be gleamed from holding it
207
00:10:19,833 --> 00:10:24,433
To the sky is astounding.
208
00:10:24,433 --> 00:10:26,000
More than latitude, the
209
00:10:26,000 --> 00:10:27,933
Astrolabe can be used to tell
210
00:10:27,933 --> 00:10:29,800
Time, determine seasons, and
211
00:10:29,800 --> 00:10:31,367
Predict the future with
212
00:10:31,367 --> 00:10:32,300
Horoscopes.
213
00:10:32,300 --> 00:10:34,100
Of course, it takes a basic
214
00:10:34,100 --> 00:10:35,267
Understanding of
215
00:10:35,267 --> 00:10:37,200
Geometry and astronomy to use
216
00:10:37,200 --> 00:10:41,033
It.
217
00:10:41,033 --> 00:10:42,733
To the trained eye, this
218
00:10:42,733 --> 00:10:44,767
Astrolabe now reads 1:00 p.M.,
219
00:10:44,767 --> 00:10:46,667
Proving that this instrument
220
00:10:46,667 --> 00:10:48,133
From another era can
221
00:10:48,133 --> 00:10:50,167
Still provide up-to-the-moment
222
00:10:50,167 --> 00:10:52,167
Information.
223
00:11:09,067 --> 00:11:10,667
>> narrator: in the american
224
00:11:10,667 --> 00:11:12,367
Wild west, cowboys spent long
225
00:11:12,367 --> 00:11:14,167
Days in the saddle, which could
226
00:11:14,167 --> 00:11:15,967
Leave them too sore to ride off
227
00:11:15,967 --> 00:11:17,067
Into the sunset.
228
00:11:17,067 --> 00:11:18,800
And that led to the development
229
00:11:18,800 --> 00:11:20,133
Of the western saddle.
230
00:11:20,133 --> 00:11:21,833
Large and sturdy, this saddle
231
00:11:21,833 --> 00:11:23,467
Was modeled on the type used
232
00:11:23,467 --> 00:11:25,333
By spanish conquistadors, and it
233
00:11:25,333 --> 00:11:27,167
Made chasing cows a less painful
234
00:11:27,167 --> 00:11:35,067
Experience.
235
00:11:35,067 --> 00:11:36,933
Today, riders still saddle up
236
00:11:36,933 --> 00:11:38,767
Western-style, which is more
237
00:11:38,767 --> 00:11:40,800
Relaxed than english-stile, with
238
00:11:40,800 --> 00:11:42,533
The reins held in one hand
239
00:11:42,533 --> 00:11:43,633
Instead of two.
240
00:11:43,633 --> 00:11:45,333
The contours of the saddle
241
00:11:45,333 --> 00:11:47,167
Seat are more pronounced for
242
00:11:47,167 --> 00:11:49,167
Added comfort.
243
00:11:49,167 --> 00:11:50,933
A western saddle also has a horn
244
00:11:50,933 --> 00:11:52,533
For looping rope, called the
245
00:11:52,533 --> 00:11:57,200
Lariat in cowboy lingo.
246
00:11:57,200 --> 00:11:59,400
It starts with the saddletree,
247
00:11:59,400 --> 00:12:01,300
Made from laminated wood
248
00:12:01,300 --> 00:12:05,300
Covered in sections of rawhide.
249
00:12:05,300 --> 00:12:06,733
An artisan cuts out the
250
00:12:06,733 --> 00:12:08,133
Saddle skirt and other
251
00:12:08,133 --> 00:12:09,833
Components using a hydraulic
252
00:12:09,833 --> 00:12:12,833
Press.
253
00:12:12,833 --> 00:12:14,633
He cuts the saddle seat by hand
254
00:12:14,633 --> 00:12:16,267
With this tool, called a head
255
00:12:16,267 --> 00:12:17,833
Knife.
256
00:12:17,833 --> 00:12:19,767
The seat gets special attention
257
00:12:19,767 --> 00:12:21,633
Because it's being custom-made
258
00:12:21,633 --> 00:12:23,100
For a particular horse.
259
00:12:23,100 --> 00:12:25,067
He shaves the edges of each cut
260
00:12:25,067 --> 00:12:26,900
Out so it can be tucked neatly
261
00:12:26,900 --> 00:12:28,200
Onto the saddletree.
262
00:12:28,200 --> 00:12:36,833
The technique is called skiving.
263
00:12:36,833 --> 00:12:38,400
He brushes glue on the
264
00:12:38,400 --> 00:12:40,567
Leather section that fits around
265
00:12:40,567 --> 00:12:42,500
The stem of the saddle horn.
266
00:12:42,500 --> 00:12:44,633
Then he works it into position,
267
00:12:44,633 --> 00:12:46,800
Creating a lip around the horn's
268
00:12:46,800 --> 00:12:54,333
Top.
269
00:12:54,333 --> 00:12:56,167
He presses the horn cap onto
270
00:12:56,167 --> 00:12:58,067
The leather-rimmed top, then
271
00:12:58,067 --> 00:13:03,367
Crimps the edges together.
272
00:13:03,367 --> 00:13:04,733
He collects tacks with a
273
00:13:04,733 --> 00:13:06,400
Magnetic tip of a hammer, then
274
00:13:06,400 --> 00:13:08,100
Pounds them through the leather
275
00:13:08,100 --> 00:13:17,467
Cap, securing it to the wood.
276
00:13:17,467 --> 00:13:19,067
A thick leather cutout hides
277
00:13:19,067 --> 00:13:24,733
The nail heads.
278
00:13:24,733 --> 00:13:26,600
He carves a groove around the
279
00:13:26,600 --> 00:13:28,300
Top of the horn and punches
280
00:13:28,300 --> 00:13:29,933
Holes through the leather.
281
00:13:29,933 --> 00:13:31,900
This will make it easier to sew
282
00:13:31,900 --> 00:13:40,433
The layers together.
283
00:13:40,433 --> 00:13:42,433
He uses two needles to interlock
284
00:13:42,433 --> 00:13:43,400
The stitches.
285
00:13:43,400 --> 00:13:45,333
This secures the cap and gives
286
00:13:45,333 --> 00:13:47,067
The saddle horn a tailored
287
00:13:47,067 --> 00:13:47,567
Look.
288
00:13:47,567 --> 00:13:49,167
To complete the horn, the
289
00:13:49,167 --> 00:13:51,067
Saddlemaker trims away excess
290
00:13:51,067 --> 00:13:52,833
Leather with a special forked
291
00:13:52,833 --> 00:13:57,400
Blade.
292
00:13:57,400 --> 00:13:58,933
Now the artisan builds up
293
00:13:58,933 --> 00:14:00,833
Sections of the saddletree with
294
00:14:00,833 --> 00:14:02,667
Strategically placed strips of
295
00:14:02,667 --> 00:14:05,667
Leather.
296
00:14:05,667 --> 00:14:07,367
He skives away some leather to
297
00:14:07,367 --> 00:14:10,167
Improve the form.
298
00:14:10,167 --> 00:14:12,067
Then he places a leather-backed
299
00:14:12,067 --> 00:14:13,867
Piece of tin over the built-up
300
00:14:13,867 --> 00:14:15,367
Areas and nails it down.
301
00:14:15,367 --> 00:14:17,200
This part will add strength to
302
00:14:17,200 --> 00:14:23,567
The seat.
303
00:14:23,567 --> 00:14:25,500
He continues shaping the seat,
304
00:14:25,500 --> 00:14:27,433
Then shaves the edges to blend
305
00:14:27,433 --> 00:14:33,300
It to the saddletree.
306
00:14:33,300 --> 00:14:35,233
The seat area gets one last
307
00:14:35,233 --> 00:14:36,967
Leather buildup and some
308
00:14:36,967 --> 00:14:43,333
Intensive skiving and sanding.
309
00:14:43,333 --> 00:14:44,900
Next, he glues the nail's
310
00:14:44,900 --> 00:14:46,733
Leather around the base of the
311
00:14:46,733 --> 00:14:48,367
Horn -- an area called the
312
00:14:48,367 --> 00:14:51,067
Swells.
313
00:14:51,067 --> 00:14:52,467
He then applies leather to the
314
00:14:52,467 --> 00:14:53,767
Back of the seat, called the
315
00:14:53,767 --> 00:14:59,300
Cantle.
316
00:14:59,300 --> 00:15:01,133
After cutting away surplus
317
00:15:01,133 --> 00:15:03,167
Leather, the artisan uses this
318
00:15:03,167 --> 00:15:05,167
Edging tool to trim the skirt.
319
00:15:05,167 --> 00:15:07,300
This makes it smooth so it won't
320
00:15:07,300 --> 00:15:16,067
Chafe the horse or the rider.
321
00:15:16,067 --> 00:15:17,767
Another worker immerses the
322
00:15:17,767 --> 00:15:19,433
Saddle seat in warm water.
323
00:15:19,433 --> 00:15:21,433
This makes the leather soft and
324
00:15:21,433 --> 00:15:23,100
Pliable, allowing it to be
325
00:15:23,100 --> 00:15:25,067
Shaped.
326
00:15:34,667 --> 00:15:36,167
He drapes the seat around the
327
00:15:36,167 --> 00:15:37,733
Built-up saddletree and straps
328
00:15:37,733 --> 00:15:39,967
It down.
329
00:15:39,967 --> 00:15:42,300
As it dries, it hardens into the
330
00:15:42,300 --> 00:15:46,400
Shape of the tree.
331
00:15:46,400 --> 00:15:48,067
He shapes the back section of
332
00:15:48,067 --> 00:15:49,833
The seat separately and pins the
333
00:15:49,833 --> 00:15:54,433
Wet leather to dry to the form.
334
00:15:54,433 --> 00:15:56,200
Then he glues the whole seat to
335
00:15:56,200 --> 00:15:59,533
The saddletree.
336
00:15:59,533 --> 00:16:00,967
But there is much more to be
337
00:16:00,967 --> 00:16:02,500
Done before it's ready for ranch
338
00:16:02,500 --> 00:16:04,467
Duty, so stay tuned.
339
00:16:18,300 --> 00:16:20,200
>> narrator: a western saddle
340
00:16:20,200 --> 00:16:22,100
Serves an important function,
341
00:16:22,100 --> 00:16:23,933
But it also sports elaborate
342
00:16:23,933 --> 00:16:26,067
Artwork engraved in the leather.
343
00:16:26,067 --> 00:16:27,833
This custom goes back to the
344
00:16:27,833 --> 00:16:29,800
Wild west, when a saddle was a
345
00:16:29,800 --> 00:16:31,833
Status symbol and ornate art and
346
00:16:31,833 --> 00:16:33,633
Decorative silver signified
347
00:16:33,633 --> 00:16:42,767
That a cowboy was riding high.
348
00:16:42,767 --> 00:16:44,433
The saddlemaker now shapes the
349
00:16:44,433 --> 00:16:46,200
Seat right up to the back of the
350
00:16:46,200 --> 00:16:48,500
Cantle.
351
00:16:48,500 --> 00:16:50,267
He crimps the edge to build up a
352
00:16:50,267 --> 00:16:54,200
Part called the cheyenne roll.
353
00:16:54,200 --> 00:16:55,800
He maps out its precise
354
00:16:55,800 --> 00:16:58,633
Dimensions with a compass...
355
00:16:58,633 --> 00:17:00,400
Then trims the part following
356
00:17:00,400 --> 00:17:07,933
His scratch line.
357
00:17:07,933 --> 00:17:09,500
With a wooden dowel, he
358
00:17:09,500 --> 00:17:11,433
Again presses the leather seat
359
00:17:11,433 --> 00:17:13,400
To the saddle's contours for a
360
00:17:13,400 --> 00:17:14,467
Final shaping.
361
00:17:14,467 --> 00:17:16,467
He sews through four layers of
362
00:17:16,467 --> 00:17:18,133
Leather to finish off the
363
00:17:18,133 --> 00:17:19,200
Cheyenne roll.
364
00:17:19,200 --> 00:17:20,967
The thread is an artificial
365
00:17:20,967 --> 00:17:22,800
Sinew -- a superstrong nylon
366
00:17:22,800 --> 00:17:24,700
That makes the seam virtually
367
00:17:24,700 --> 00:17:30,333
Indestructible.
368
00:17:30,333 --> 00:17:31,967
The focus now moves to the
369
00:17:31,967 --> 00:17:33,700
Leather saddle skirts, as an
370
00:17:33,700 --> 00:17:39,800
Artist engraves a floral design.
371
00:17:39,800 --> 00:17:41,967
The artist uses a wide range of
372
00:17:41,967 --> 00:17:44,067
Tools with expertise, like this
373
00:17:44,067 --> 00:17:45,967
One, called a back rounder,
374
00:17:45,967 --> 00:17:48,067
Which he uses to carve recesses
375
00:17:48,067 --> 00:17:53,833
Around the design.
376
00:17:53,833 --> 00:17:55,667
A spray of water softens the
377
00:17:55,667 --> 00:17:57,533
Leather, making it easier to
378
00:17:57,533 --> 00:18:04,467
Engrave.
379
00:18:04,467 --> 00:18:06,433
Next, he installs metal plates
380
00:18:06,433 --> 00:18:08,300
On either side of each skirt.
381
00:18:08,300 --> 00:18:10,067
They're part of the saddle
382
00:18:10,067 --> 00:18:12,067
Rigging, which will be used to
383
00:18:12,067 --> 00:18:14,067
Secure the saddle to the horse,
384
00:18:14,067 --> 00:18:15,767
So it's crucial that these
385
00:18:15,767 --> 00:18:17,733
Plates be firmly entrenched in
386
00:18:17,733 --> 00:18:21,367
The leather.
387
00:18:21,367 --> 00:18:23,067
He secures each plate to the
388
00:18:23,067 --> 00:18:24,933
Skirt with several rivets, then
389
00:18:24,933 --> 00:18:26,800
Rounds them off, getting rid of
390
00:18:26,800 --> 00:18:28,400
Any sharp edges that would
391
00:18:28,400 --> 00:18:31,967
Irritate the horse.
392
00:18:31,967 --> 00:18:33,600
The saddlemaker then brushes
393
00:18:33,600 --> 00:18:35,400
Glue on the back of the skirt to
394
00:18:35,400 --> 00:18:37,067
Attach a leather part with a
395
00:18:37,067 --> 00:18:42,567
Rear cinch ring riveted to it.
396
00:18:42,567 --> 00:18:44,300
Here, he glues and rivets the
397
00:18:44,300 --> 00:18:45,833
Top part to this skirt to
398
00:18:45,833 --> 00:18:50,600
The main section.
399
00:18:50,600 --> 00:18:51,933
He arranges a piece of
400
00:18:51,933 --> 00:18:56,067
Sheepskin facedown...
401
00:18:56,067 --> 00:18:57,467
Then glues the back of the
402
00:18:57,467 --> 00:18:59,267
Saddle skirt to it so the woolly
403
00:18:59,267 --> 00:19:00,800
Side will rest against the
404
00:19:00,800 --> 00:19:02,933
Horse.
405
00:19:02,933 --> 00:19:04,133
This part is all about the
406
00:19:04,133 --> 00:19:09,500
Horse's creature comfort.
407
00:19:09,500 --> 00:19:11,333
The saddlemaker sews the skirt
408
00:19:11,333 --> 00:19:12,900
Onto the sheepskin using a
409
00:19:12,900 --> 00:19:14,400
Machine with a heavy-duty
410
00:19:14,400 --> 00:19:21,067
Needle.
411
00:19:21,067 --> 00:19:22,600
He then trims the excess
412
00:19:22,600 --> 00:19:24,500
Sheepskin following the line of
413
00:19:24,500 --> 00:19:28,367
The leather skirt.
414
00:19:28,367 --> 00:19:30,100
To remove some of the bulk, he
415
00:19:30,100 --> 00:19:31,767
Shears the wool, tapering it
416
00:19:31,767 --> 00:19:40,233
Around the edges.
417
00:19:40,233 --> 00:19:42,067
Next, he braids leather lace
418
00:19:42,067 --> 00:19:43,700
Into a tight weave called
419
00:19:43,700 --> 00:19:47,067
Latigo lace.
420
00:19:47,067 --> 00:19:48,567
It ties both halves of the
421
00:19:48,567 --> 00:19:50,400
Skirt together and will later be
422
00:19:50,400 --> 00:19:52,167
Used to fasten the skirt to the
423
00:19:52,167 --> 00:19:55,067
Saddle.
424
00:19:55,067 --> 00:19:56,500
He pulls the lace under the
425
00:19:56,500 --> 00:19:58,467
Weave to secure it.
426
00:20:06,633 --> 00:20:08,233
Next, he applies a generous
427
00:20:08,233 --> 00:20:09,833
Amount of glue to a leather
428
00:20:09,833 --> 00:20:11,967
Stirrup cover.
429
00:20:11,967 --> 00:20:13,700
The stirrup is meat of oak,
430
00:20:13,700 --> 00:20:15,500
Steamed into a "U" shape and
431
00:20:15,500 --> 00:20:17,433
Then reinforced with galvanized
432
00:20:17,433 --> 00:20:21,800
Tin.
433
00:20:21,800 --> 00:20:23,367
He presses leather into the
434
00:20:23,367 --> 00:20:24,633
Crook of the stirrup.
435
00:20:24,633 --> 00:20:26,233
Then he bolts a metal spacer
436
00:20:26,233 --> 00:20:28,933
Into the top.
437
00:20:28,933 --> 00:20:30,633
Now it's time to attach the
438
00:20:30,633 --> 00:20:33,667
Saddle skirts to the tree.
439
00:20:33,667 --> 00:20:35,500
He threads cinch strings through
440
00:20:35,500 --> 00:20:37,300
The cinch keeper and nails it to
441
00:20:37,300 --> 00:20:43,567
The saddle.
442
00:20:43,700 --> 00:20:45,700
Another worker now rubs special
443
00:20:45,700 --> 00:20:47,800
Oil into this western saddle to
444
00:20:47,800 --> 00:20:49,667
Add color to the leather and
445
00:20:49,667 --> 00:20:50,633
Preserve it.
446
00:20:50,633 --> 00:20:52,433
The oiling also exposes the
447
00:20:52,433 --> 00:20:54,067
Grain of the leather and
448
00:20:54,067 --> 00:21:00,467
Highlights the engraved designs.
449
00:21:00,467 --> 00:21:02,233
From start to finish, this
450
00:21:02,233 --> 00:21:04,067
Western saddle has taken 40
451
00:21:04,067 --> 00:21:05,967
Hours to make, but the modern
452
00:21:05,967 --> 00:21:07,800
Cowboy should get plenty of
453
00:21:07,800 --> 00:21:08,833
Mileage out of it.
454
00:21:09,800 --> 00:21:12,700
-- captions by vitac --
Www.Vitac.Com
455
00:21:22,233 --> 00:21:23,933
If you have any comments about
456
00:21:23,933 --> 00:21:25,567
The show or if you'd like to
457
00:21:25,567 --> 00:21:27,367
Suggest topics for future shows,
458
00:21:27,367 --> 00:21:29,400
Drop us a line at...
29814
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.