All language subtitles for S13E07 - Pressure Cookers; Mechanical Singing Birds; Oceanographic Buoys; Tank Trailers (1080p AMZN WEB-DL x265 Garshasp)_track3_[eng]
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--captions by vitac--
Www.Vitac.Com
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Captions paid for by
Discovery communications
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Narrator:
When the pressure is on,
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The juices start flowing
For quick results.
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The pressure cooker
Traps steam inside
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To raise the cooking temperature
And produce a meal in minutes.
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The technology has been around
For centuries
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00:01:07,206 --> 00:01:10,275
But was only adapted
For household use in the 1930s,
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00:01:10,379 --> 00:01:12,862
When the concept
Really picked up steam.
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Modern pressure cookers have
New lid-locking technology
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00:01:19,896 --> 00:01:21,137
And safety features,
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00:01:21,241 --> 00:01:23,000
Keeping it on the front burner
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In the kitchen-gadget
Department.
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A pressure cooker starts
With a stainless-steel disk.
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00:01:32,758 --> 00:01:36,482
A dip of some lubricant
Will aid the forming process,
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00:01:36,586 --> 00:01:40,275
As equipment pushes the disk
Over a pot-shaped die.
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That flat disk is now
A nicely rounded pot.
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Next, this punch cutter moves in
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00:01:59,724 --> 00:02:02,172
To make notches
In the pot's rim.
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These notches will interlock
With the pressure-cooker lid,
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Allowing it to hold up tight
Against steam pressure.
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00:02:15,310 --> 00:02:17,896
Next,
They submerge aluminum disks
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In a liquid mix
Of aluminum and silicon
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To give them an even coating.
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While the disk is still damp,
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They arrange it
On the bottom of the pot,
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00:02:28,517 --> 00:02:31,862
Then set a stainless-steel disk
On top of it.
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A turntable delivers the pot
To an element
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That's heated to more than
1,100 degrees fahrenheit.
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This intense heat
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Activates the aluminum
And silicon solution
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To fuse the disk
To the bottom of the pot.
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Then it's into a cooling tank,
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Where the pots float
Towards the next station.
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00:03:03,344 --> 00:03:05,482
There, two blades
Shave away the ragged edges
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Of the fused layers
On the bottom of the pot.
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It creates
A cosmetic beveled effect.
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00:03:15,482 --> 00:03:19,068
That layer of aluminum
Sandwiched between the steel
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00:03:19,172 --> 00:03:22,137
Will improve
The pot's heat conductivity.
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00:03:22,241 --> 00:03:26,758
And now it's time
For some grit and polish.
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00:03:26,862 --> 00:03:28,344
In this special chamber,
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Sanding and buffing tools
Add luster to the pots.
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The pressure-cooker pot
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Then takes a trip
Through a washing station
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00:03:40,310 --> 00:03:42,344
To clean off
The sanding residue.
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00:03:45,517 --> 00:03:48,379
And now it's ready
For the crowning touch --
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The lid.
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00:03:49,862 --> 00:03:53,482
It takes six pressing operations
To shape it completely.
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00:03:53,586 --> 00:03:55,103
The holes at the center
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00:03:55,206 --> 00:03:58,379
Are for the pressure cooker's
Two safety valves.
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00:03:58,482 --> 00:04:00,551
To install the main valve,
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00:04:00,655 --> 00:04:04,206
They align a retaining ring
With the lid's larger hole,
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00:04:04,310 --> 00:04:07,068
Then pop the spring valve
Into that hole.
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An automated device underneath
Tightly screws it into place.
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00:04:12,793 --> 00:04:16,344
The backup valve
Goes in the smaller hole.
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00:04:16,448 --> 00:04:18,827
These two valves are crucial.
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00:04:18,931 --> 00:04:21,689
They'll release excess steam
To avert an explosion.
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00:04:21,793 --> 00:04:25,206
A rubber ring creates
An airtight seal with the pot.
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00:04:25,310 --> 00:04:28,517
They test the valves
And check the sealing ring,
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00:04:28,620 --> 00:04:32,000
Along with the lid's
Closing mechanism.
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00:04:35,448 --> 00:04:39,620
This plastic cooking guide
Encircles the main safety valve,
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00:04:39,724 --> 00:04:43,344
But doesn't impede its function.
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00:04:43,448 --> 00:04:47,793
They weld several bolts
Into the pot on either side.
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They leave a bit of space
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Between the bolt heads
And the pot.
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00:04:56,241 --> 00:05:00,068
This allows them to install
The brackets for the handles.
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They torque the bolts
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To tightly secure
The bracketed handles.
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00:05:09,103 --> 00:05:11,931
After all,
A pressure cooker is one thing
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You don't want to lose
Your grip on.
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00:05:18,655 --> 00:05:23,172
And now this pressure cooker
Is in the home stretch.
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There's one last test,
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00:05:25,310 --> 00:05:29,689
Which they perform
On randomly selected pots.
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00:05:29,793 --> 00:05:34,206
They pump the pot full of air
To simulate the effect of steam
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00:05:34,310 --> 00:05:38,068
And confirm that this pot
Can handle the pressure.
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00:05:38,172 --> 00:05:42,827
Pressure cookers with double
Walls are another innovation.
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They'll keep
That stew warm longer
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To ease the pressure
On the chef.
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00:06:01,724 --> 00:06:05,965
Narrator:mechanical singing birdsfirst appeared in 1780,
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Adorning snuffboxes.
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The swiss-made novelty
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00:06:09,241 --> 00:06:12,413
Soon became the rage
Among classy europeans.
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00:06:12,517 --> 00:06:13,758
A few decades later,
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00:06:13,862 --> 00:06:16,862
A french watchmaker
Perfected the sound mechanism,
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Making the birdsong
Virtually indiscernible
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00:06:19,724 --> 00:06:21,034
From the real thing.
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[ chirping ]
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Switzerland is home
To the last remaining company
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Making these singing automatons.
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00:06:32,655 --> 00:06:36,034
The workshop crafts large ones
That go in birdcages
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00:06:36,137 --> 00:06:39,689
And small ones that pop out
Of boxes and clock cases.
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00:06:39,793 --> 00:06:41,827
[ chirping ]
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00:06:41,931 --> 00:06:44,000
The first step is to adjust
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The bird's two
Spring-loaded steel rods.
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00:06:47,413 --> 00:06:51,862
One pivots the bird's head
And the other its beak and tail.
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00:06:51,965 --> 00:06:55,965
Then it's time to dress
The bird's body.
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00:06:56,068 --> 00:06:58,793
It's illegal to harvest
Real bird feathers,
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00:06:58,896 --> 00:07:01,482
So the artist uses
Real antique feathers
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00:07:01,586 --> 00:07:03,068
In a couple of key spots
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00:07:03,172 --> 00:07:07,931
And realistic-looking synthetic
Feathers everywhere else.
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00:07:08,034 --> 00:07:09,793
To craft the tail,
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She glues feathers
Onto stiff paper,
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00:07:13,448 --> 00:07:16,620
Then folds it over
And adheres it to the bird.
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00:07:19,896 --> 00:07:22,448
Then she adds more feathers,
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00:07:22,551 --> 00:07:25,724
Meticulously creating
Colorful layers.
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00:07:25,827 --> 00:07:29,379
The plumage alone
Takes about four hours' work.
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00:07:33,862 --> 00:07:38,275
No two birds are alike.
Each is a unique piece of art.
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00:07:41,344 --> 00:07:43,206
In the technical department,
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They screw the windup key
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To the mechanical movement
That animates the birds.
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00:07:48,137 --> 00:07:52,655
The movement is made up of
250 brass and steel components
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00:07:52,758 --> 00:07:54,068
Assembled manually.
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They connect leather bellows.
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The movement pumps the bellows,
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00:07:57,793 --> 00:08:00,103
Which sends air
Through a tiny whistle,
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Producing the birdsong.
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00:08:03,793 --> 00:08:06,724
Now for the birdie.
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00:08:06,827 --> 00:08:08,655
This one's the small pop-up kind
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00:08:08,758 --> 00:08:10,827
That goes in a box
Or clock case.
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00:08:10,931 --> 00:08:13,448
They screw him
To a lever in the movement,
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00:08:13,551 --> 00:08:16,827
Then, using a brass template,
Position him correctly.
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00:08:23,655 --> 00:08:27,551
This rack gear moves the bird
From side to side
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00:08:27,655 --> 00:08:29,793
While he's up and singing.
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00:08:29,896 --> 00:08:33,827
This pin attaches that gear
To the movement.
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00:08:36,965 --> 00:08:39,172
This lever pops the bird
Out of his nest,
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00:08:39,275 --> 00:08:43,206
Moves the rack gear,
And pumps the bellows.
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00:08:47,758 --> 00:08:50,931
A push button on the movement
Triggers the lever,
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00:08:51,034 --> 00:08:52,758
Setting all this in motion.
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00:08:52,862 --> 00:08:56,103
[ chirping ]
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00:08:56,206 --> 00:09:01,379
Now they install the movement
Into its decorative box.
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00:09:01,482 --> 00:09:05,655
Birdcage models require an
Identical but larger movement.
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The base of the cage
Sits on top of it.
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00:09:09,655 --> 00:09:12,000
The rods that manipulate
The birds
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Connect to the movement
Through tubes in brass perches.
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00:09:16,448 --> 00:09:19,275
[ chirping ]
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00:09:24,344 --> 00:09:27,172
Workers construct
The top of the cage
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00:09:27,275 --> 00:09:28,724
Over a curved form.
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00:09:28,827 --> 00:09:31,724
First, they slide on
Two brass rings
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00:09:31,827 --> 00:09:34,724
And position a brass disk
At the top.
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00:09:34,827 --> 00:09:37,413
Then, they feed
Thick brass wire
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00:09:37,517 --> 00:09:39,517
Through holes in the rings.
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00:09:39,620 --> 00:09:44,827
They lock each wire
Onto the disk temporarily,
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00:09:44,931 --> 00:09:47,931
Then, with a bit of acid
To help the process,
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00:09:48,034 --> 00:09:50,931
Solder the wires
To the disk permanently.
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00:09:57,172 --> 00:09:59,862
After making sure
Everything's well-positioned,
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00:09:59,965 --> 00:10:02,517
They solder the wires
To the rings, as well.
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00:10:10,586 --> 00:10:13,275
Once the structure is soldered,
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00:10:13,379 --> 00:10:16,965
The cage
Can safely come off the form.
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00:10:17,068 --> 00:10:22,172
Decorative brass rings cover
The structural ones.
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00:10:22,275 --> 00:10:27,448
They, too,
Have to be soldered in place.
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00:10:27,551 --> 00:10:31,655
This requires
A light brush of acid...
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00:10:31,758 --> 00:10:34,344
Lead pellets...
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00:10:36,758 --> 00:10:38,793
...And a torch to melt the lead,
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00:10:38,896 --> 00:10:41,379
Binding
The outer and inner rings.
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00:10:43,517 --> 00:10:46,379
Every mechanical singing bird
This company produces
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Is a work of artistic
And technical craftsmanship
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That delivers a performance
On command.
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[ chirping ]
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Narrator:
Oceanographic buoys enable
Scientists to study the sea,
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Help meteorologists
Predict weather,
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And rescue teams
Better to find a search area.
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The top part of the buoy
Houses instrumentation
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That tracks temperature,
Surface currents,
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00:11:24,586 --> 00:11:25,931
And other conditions.
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Its antenna transmits the data
Via satellite to a base station.
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00:11:33,000 --> 00:11:35,551
This model has
A ball-shaped surface float
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With a tether cable
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00:11:37,000 --> 00:11:39,827
Connecting a long fabric tube
Called a drogue.
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00:11:39,931 --> 00:11:42,310
The drogue
Detects water movements
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Several yards below the surface.
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00:11:44,551 --> 00:11:48,275
The component that connects
The surface float to the cable
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00:11:48,379 --> 00:11:50,172
Is called the stress relief.
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00:11:50,275 --> 00:11:53,482
The factory makes this part
In a mold,
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Casting 10 at a time.
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Workers inject liquid urethane
Into the mold cavities.
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It's the same material
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00:12:01,689 --> 00:12:03,724
From which
In-line skate wheels are made.
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00:12:06,482 --> 00:12:08,068
After three hours,
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00:12:08,172 --> 00:12:13,068
They extract the castings,
Which then cure for a full week.
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00:12:16,724 --> 00:12:19,275
The surface float
Contains a barometer sensor
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00:12:19,379 --> 00:12:21,103
That collects air-pressure data,
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00:12:21,206 --> 00:12:26,206
As well as a temperature sensor
And a locating system.
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00:12:26,310 --> 00:12:31,103
A 13.5-volt battery pack
Powers all these instruments.
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Workers build it
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00:12:32,517 --> 00:12:35,620
By arranging 36 standard
D-cell batteries.
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00:12:35,724 --> 00:12:38,827
Using nickel strips,
They make pairs,
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00:12:38,931 --> 00:12:43,172
Linking the negative end
To a positive end.
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00:12:43,275 --> 00:12:47,000
Then, they spot-weld the strips,
Creating circuit pathways
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00:12:47,103 --> 00:12:49,620
Along which
Electricity will flow.
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00:12:57,310 --> 00:12:59,758
Next,
They immobilize the batteries
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00:12:59,862 --> 00:13:03,241
By filling the spaces
Between them with hot glue.
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00:13:06,551 --> 00:13:08,931
Then, they weld
The final connections
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00:13:09,034 --> 00:13:10,482
And solder on the leads
194
00:13:10,586 --> 00:13:14,275
That will connect the battery
Pack to the instrumentation.
195
00:13:17,896 --> 00:13:20,517
Now they apply
Special insulating paper
196
00:13:20,620 --> 00:13:23,413
To prevent the battery pack
From shorting,
197
00:13:23,517 --> 00:13:26,620
Should it come into contact
With a metal object.
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00:13:26,724 --> 00:13:28,862
A wide band of electrical tape
199
00:13:28,965 --> 00:13:32,000
Safely seals
This 13-pound battery pack.
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00:13:44,448 --> 00:13:46,103
The nylon/polypropylene drogue
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00:13:46,206 --> 00:13:49,103
Is too lightweight
To hang vertically in the water,
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00:13:49,206 --> 00:13:51,689
So it needs something
To weigh it down.
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00:13:51,793 --> 00:13:54,034
That something
Is a heavy, plastic hoop.
204
00:13:56,896 --> 00:14:01,034
They make the hoop by blowing
Sand into a plastic garden hose.
205
00:14:01,137 --> 00:14:02,827
The sand makes it heavy.
206
00:14:10,724 --> 00:14:12,448
After capping the hose,
207
00:14:12,551 --> 00:14:16,551
They insert it in a pocket
At the bottom of the drogue.
208
00:14:16,655 --> 00:14:19,517
So now the drogue,
All 26 feet of it,
209
00:14:19,620 --> 00:14:22,793
Will dangle straight down
Into the water.
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00:14:30,206 --> 00:14:32,896
Now for that stress relief
They molded earlier on.
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00:14:33,000 --> 00:14:35,137
It attaches
Underneath the bottom half
212
00:14:35,241 --> 00:14:38,517
Of the surface float.
213
00:14:38,620 --> 00:14:43,448
Inside the bottom half,
They install the battery pack...
214
00:14:43,551 --> 00:14:45,689
Then a control board...
215
00:14:45,793 --> 00:14:47,482
A transmitter...
216
00:14:47,586 --> 00:14:49,379
And an antenna.
217
00:14:53,103 --> 00:14:56,758
The surface float
Is made of a.B.S. Plastic,
218
00:14:56,862 --> 00:15:00,379
The top surface coated
For u.V. Protection,
219
00:15:00,482 --> 00:15:04,310
Because it will be exposed
To direct sunlight.
220
00:15:04,413 --> 00:15:07,448
They attach one end
Of the tether cable
221
00:15:07,551 --> 00:15:09,103
To the stress relief
222
00:15:09,206 --> 00:15:11,620
And the other end to the drogue.
223
00:15:18,034 --> 00:15:21,103
They reinforce the connection
With epoxy.
224
00:15:22,827 --> 00:15:24,034
This type of buoy
225
00:15:24,137 --> 00:15:26,827
Is designed to monitor
Only the top yard of water,
226
00:15:26,931 --> 00:15:29,310
So it doesn't have
A long vertical drogue
227
00:15:29,413 --> 00:15:30,517
Like the other one.
228
00:15:30,620 --> 00:15:32,620
What it doeshave
Is a parachute,
229
00:15:32,724 --> 00:15:35,379
Because it's designed
To be dropped by aircraft
230
00:15:35,482 --> 00:15:37,482
In a search-and-rescue
Operation,
231
00:15:37,586 --> 00:15:40,137
To mark the location
Of an incident.
232
00:15:44,827 --> 00:15:48,586
As the demonstration shows,
The buoy opens on impact.
233
00:15:48,689 --> 00:15:51,551
All the components
Are spring-loaded --
234
00:15:51,655 --> 00:15:53,137
Floats made of foam,
235
00:15:53,241 --> 00:15:55,896
Drogues around
The central cylinder
236
00:15:56,000 --> 00:15:57,931
Housing the instrumentation,
237
00:15:58,034 --> 00:15:59,655
And on top an antenna.
238
00:15:59,758 --> 00:16:03,931
The buoy packaging is
Water-soluble and biodegradable,
239
00:16:04,034 --> 00:16:06,068
So, over time,
It simply disintegrates.
240
00:16:06,172 --> 00:16:08,620
No need to retrieve them.
241
00:16:17,931 --> 00:16:21,965
Narrator:
Stainless-steel tank trailers
Carry all kinds of products,
242
00:16:22,068 --> 00:16:24,137
From milk, sugar,
And animal feed
243
00:16:24,241 --> 00:16:26,517
To fertilizer, shampoo,
Or even wine.
244
00:16:26,620 --> 00:16:29,793
Some tank trailers only haul
Chemicals like methanol.
245
00:16:29,896 --> 00:16:32,310
Made of stainless steel
Inside and out,
246
00:16:32,413 --> 00:16:35,344
They keep all the products
They're transporting
247
00:16:35,448 --> 00:16:36,620
Contaminant-free.
248
00:16:41,172 --> 00:16:43,620
Stainless-steel tank trailers
249
00:16:43,724 --> 00:16:47,482
Carry as much
As 12,000 gallons of product.
250
00:16:47,586 --> 00:16:50,310
They start
With a laser cutting machine
251
00:16:50,413 --> 00:16:53,413
Which cuts pieces
Like this manhole opening
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00:16:53,517 --> 00:16:57,068
From the stainless-steel sheet
Used to make the tank.
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00:16:57,172 --> 00:17:01,344
The laser that cuts the steel
Is as precise
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00:17:01,448 --> 00:17:04,379
As the pen you use
To sign your name.
255
00:17:08,068 --> 00:17:11,931
Next, they make
The larger pieces of the tank
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00:17:12,034 --> 00:17:15,172
By putting two sheets
Of stainless steel
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00:17:15,275 --> 00:17:18,586
Into a machine called
A plasma seam welder.
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00:17:18,689 --> 00:17:23,206
Using stainless-steel wire
As a filler metal,
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00:17:23,310 --> 00:17:25,206
The computer-controlled machine
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00:17:25,310 --> 00:17:27,586
Welds the two sheets
Of steel together.
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00:17:32,068 --> 00:17:35,620
A worker then uses a belt sander
That rides on a track
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00:17:35,724 --> 00:17:39,310
To smooth out the weld
Evenly and in a straight line.
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00:17:44,724 --> 00:17:47,620
The sheet then goes through
A rolling machine
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00:17:47,724 --> 00:17:49,620
That shapes it into a cylinder.
265
00:17:49,724 --> 00:17:52,965
It takes two to four cylinders
To make a tank,
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00:17:53,068 --> 00:17:54,724
Depending on the size.
267
00:17:57,413 --> 00:17:59,413
Meanwhile,
A ring-rolling machine
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00:17:59,517 --> 00:18:01,551
Makes what's called
Channel rings
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00:18:01,655 --> 00:18:03,689
That will strengthen
The cylinders
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00:18:03,793 --> 00:18:05,965
And help them
Keep their round shape.
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00:18:06,068 --> 00:18:07,655
The rings are also made
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00:18:07,758 --> 00:18:10,482
Of corrosion-resistant
Stainless steel.
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00:18:10,586 --> 00:18:14,241
Some tanks need up to 12
Of these reinforcement rings.
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00:18:21,620 --> 00:18:25,551
A worker then welds
The channel rings onto the tank,
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00:18:25,655 --> 00:18:29,000
Stopping periodically
To inspect the weld.
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00:18:34,379 --> 00:18:37,103
Next, they weld tank heads
To the cylinder.
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00:18:37,206 --> 00:18:39,758
Welding parts
On the outside of the tank
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00:18:39,862 --> 00:18:43,103
Causes heat discoloration
To the steel on the inside.
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00:18:43,206 --> 00:18:46,551
That's why a worker then
Polishes the stainless steel,
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00:18:46,655 --> 00:18:48,965
Giving the full interior
Of the tank
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00:18:49,068 --> 00:18:51,827
A noticeably clean
And bright finish.
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00:18:57,586 --> 00:19:02,241
Then, they attach polyurethane
Spacer bands to the tank.
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00:19:05,344 --> 00:19:08,413
These create the sections
They need
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00:19:08,517 --> 00:19:12,448
To mount fiberglass insulation
Around the tank,
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00:19:12,551 --> 00:19:16,241
Which keeps the product
Either warm or cold.
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00:19:16,344 --> 00:19:20,448
Workers then install thin
Sections of stainless steel
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00:19:20,551 --> 00:19:23,862
Around the tank
To protect the insulation.
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00:19:23,965 --> 00:19:27,000
This steel is shiny
For cosmetic reasons only.
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00:19:30,137 --> 00:19:33,310
They hold the sections
In place temporarily
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00:19:33,413 --> 00:19:34,862
Using leather belts.
291
00:19:34,965 --> 00:19:39,172
They secure this entire outer
Wrapper so it fits properly.
292
00:19:39,275 --> 00:19:42,172
Then, they weld
Each section of steel
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00:19:42,275 --> 00:19:44,172
To the frame of the tank.
294
00:19:47,000 --> 00:19:49,275
Next, they prepare
The outer wrapper heads
295
00:19:49,379 --> 00:19:52,275
Using what's called
A lock-seam flanger.
296
00:19:52,379 --> 00:19:55,413
That makes a lip
In the edge of the heads.
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00:19:55,517 --> 00:19:58,241
They attach
The front and rear heads
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00:19:58,344 --> 00:19:59,827
To the outer wrapper
299
00:19:59,931 --> 00:20:03,586
By fitting the lip into
The outer wrapper's grooved edge
300
00:20:03,689 --> 00:20:06,103
And crimping them together
Using a hammer.
301
00:20:13,034 --> 00:20:17,206
Next, they install the aluminum
Fenders over the rear tires.
302
00:20:20,724 --> 00:20:24,482
After that, they attach
A stainless-steel tube ladder
303
00:20:24,586 --> 00:20:27,310
That gives access to the manhole
At the top of the tank,
304
00:20:27,413 --> 00:20:29,827
Where they load the product.
305
00:20:32,793 --> 00:20:34,655
They put the mudguards on next,
306
00:20:34,758 --> 00:20:37,448
Followed by the reflective
Conspicuity tape
307
00:20:37,551 --> 00:20:39,793
That goes on both sides
Of the tank
308
00:20:39,896 --> 00:20:42,310
And on the two rear bumpers.
309
00:20:46,586 --> 00:20:49,000
They install the stoplights
And taillights
310
00:20:49,103 --> 00:20:51,689
Into a light box
At the rear of the trailer.
311
00:20:55,931 --> 00:20:58,586
After that, they install
The turn indicators
312
00:20:58,689 --> 00:21:00,241
On the sides of the trailer
313
00:21:00,344 --> 00:21:03,896
And test them to ensure
They function properly.
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00:21:04,000 --> 00:21:06,275
Finally, they check
All the connections
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00:21:06,379 --> 00:21:08,344
Used to operate
The tank trailer,
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00:21:08,448 --> 00:21:11,103
So when it leaves the plant,
It works perfectly
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00:21:11,206 --> 00:21:14,724
And the customer can transport
Their product safely.
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00:21:22,793 --> 00:21:25,103
If you have any questions
About the show,
319
00:21:25,206 --> 00:21:28,103
Or if you'd like to suggest
Topics for future shows,
320
00:21:28,206 --> 00:21:30,448
Drop us a line at...
25488
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