All language subtitles for S12E01 - Pneumatic Impact Wrenches; Cultured Marble Sinks; Plantain Chips; NASCAR Stock Cars (1080p AMZN WEB-DL x265 Garshasp)_track3_[eng]

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>> narrator: a pneumatic impact

Wrench is a power tool that

Tightens and untightens nuts,

Bolts, and other fasteners.

You hook it up to the air hose

Coming off a compressor.

The anvil at the tip turns at

High speed to tighten until

Snug, then switches to a

Hammering action, called

Impacting, to tighten even more.

You've probably seen a pneumatic

Impact wrench in action at your

Local garage.

It's standard equipment for

Removing and installing wheels.

Air pressure runs through the

Tool's motor, spinning a rotor

Within.

That rotates the tool's anvil,

Which turns the wheel nut.

At the manufacturing plant, they

Machine the rotor from a bar of

Steel mounted on a lathe.

It takes about a minute and a

Half for the computer-guided

Precision tools to carve out the

Basic shape.

The next machine carves teeth on

One end of the rotor, creating

What's called a hobbed edge.

Now a computer-guided mill cuts

Eight slots.

This shaping of the steel

Generates a lot of heat, so

Coolant flows throughout all

These machining phases to

Prevent the equipment from

Overheating.

Next, they temper the rotors for

10 hours in a

1,700-degree-fahrenheit furnace.

This hardens and strengthens the

Steel, but to fortify it

Further, they pump in carbon

From a propane burner.

The carbon impregnates each

Rotor to a depth of

.7 millimeters.

Once the rotor cools, a

Computer-controlled grinder

Shapes it to the final

Specifications.

Then a machine with nylon

Bristles smoothes the surface.

This completes the

Transformation from steel bar to

Rotor.

Meanwhile, the tool's magnesium

Housing has been getting a

Bright coat of paint.

The housing has two parts -- the

Main section and a back cap.

Both go into an oven where the

Paint bakes for a half-hour at

Almost 400 degrees fahrenheit.

Now assembly begins with the

Trigger and the stem of the main

Section and then, with this

Tool, what's called the tipper

Valve.

When you push the trigger, it

Tips, letting in air.

This spring keeps the tipper

Valve closed when you're not

Pushing the trigger.

And this bushing is where you

Attach the air hose coming from

The compressor.

Next, they install the reversing

Valve.

It slots into the housing just

Above the trigger.

When you press the trigger, the

Anvil rotates clockwise to

Tighten the fastener, but when

You activate the reversing

Valve, it sends the air into

Different chambers, turning

The tool counter-clockwise to

Remove the fastener.

They glue a rubber pad to the

Top of the housing to cushion

Your grip on the tool.

A laser engraves manufacturing

Information on the back cap.

To assemble the motor, they

Start with a back cap and press

In a bearing on which the rotor

Will spin.

Next, a plate to enclose one end

Of the rotor and an alignment

Pin to position the plate for

Enclosing the other end.

And finally, the rotor itself.

Into each of the rotors' slots

Goes a vein made of resin-imbued

Fabric.

These veins work like the blades

On a windmill.

The air entering the tool turns

Them, which spins the rotor.

After slipping a steel cylinder

Over the rotor, they enclose it

With a second plate, then a

Larger plate with a ball

Bearing.

Now some oil to lubricate what

They call the impact mechanism.

This component contains the

Tool's anvil, as well as the

Parts that produce the hammering

Action.

Finally, a press seals the main

Section of the housing to the

Back cap.

Every pneumatic impact wrench

This factory produces goes

Through extensive testing in

Both free speed -- that's when

The tool spins like an ordinary

Drill -- and in impact mode.

So, if you've got a nut or other

Fastener to drive, take one of

These babies for a spin.

>> narrator: natural marble

Has a modern alternative -- a

Composite material known as

Cultured marble.

It consists of ground marble or

Limestone mixed with liquid

Plastic.

Less expensive than natural

Marble and easier to work with

Than stone, cultured marble is

Often used to create unique

Bathroom and kitchen fixtures.

This vanity top and pedestal

Sink are both made of cultured

Marble, cast in fiberglass

Molds.

To make a vanity top, a worker

Centers a sink-bowl mold on a

Counter mold...

Then places a drainpipe

Attachment over the sink mold's

Exit drain.

He marks with a grease pencil

Where the faucet openings will

Be.

Then, he masks off areas to

Protect and places a bees'-wax

Seal all along the bowl's edge

Where it meets the counter.

He sprays the molds with

Protective gel that will give

The vanity top a shiny

Protective finish.

Finally, he places cardboard

Tubes over the faucet-hole

Marks.

The molds are now ready for

Casting.

A machine equipped with a mixing

Pot automatically measures out

The resin workers pour into

These molds.

Raw pigments like sterling

Silver, sandbar, wild rose,

White titanium, and fawn beige

Gives the resin its color.

A worker sifts them in measured

Amounts into the resin as it's

Mixing.

Next, he adds a catalyst to the

Resin...

Then some granulated limestone

To thicken it.

The catalyst sets off the

Chemical reaction that causes

The resin mix, known as matrix,

To harden.

From this moment on, he needs to

Be swift.

He has only 15 minutes to mix,

Color, and pour this batch of

Matrix into the molds before it

Hardens.

He adds more white pigment to

The base color, using a paddle

To mix it along the surface.

Then he takes the wild rose

Pigment, mixes in some resin,

And again works it into the

Surface to streak it with color,

An effect known as veining,

That mimics the look of marble.

He scoops out some of the

Surface mix and pours it onto

The mold.

As the matrix pulls, the

Rose-colored veining in the

Surface mix is visible.

Now he pours out the rest of the

Matrix.

He casts the sink and counter in

A single piece so there won't

Be any grout lines around the

Bowl.

A pneumatic tool vibrates the

Molds, bringing tiny air bubbles

To the surface -- the vanity's

Underside.

Air trapped in the matrix can

Cause it to break or mar the

Finish.

A worker lays down a temporary

Plastic hat over the bowl.

He weighs it down to hold it in

Place as he pours matrix inside

The hat to cast a bowl that's as

Thick as the base -- about

.8 inches.

He lets the matrix set for

30 minutes, then removes the hat

From the bowl.

Next, he drops down the mold's

Backsplash and puts a hole in

The drain.

He shoots in bursts of

Compressed air while a co-worker

Carefully wedges under the

Backsplash to part the mold,

Revealing the vanity's marbled

Surface.

To make sure the vanity lies

Level on its cabinet, a worker

Grinds down the underside, then

The drain area.

Next, he sands down the

Backsplash and the sides,

Working at an angle with a hand

Sander to dull any sharp edges.

He removes the drain mold and

Buffs the surface to a mirror

Finish.

Finally, he knocks out the

Faucet holes.

Here's a finished vanity with a

Variety of integrated sink bowls

On display.

Cultured marble truly is a

Versatile material that offers

Endless possibilities.

>> narrator: many of us take

Time out to enjoy a tasty snack

Like plantain chips, but we know

We should put limits when

Treating ourselves to a good

Thing.

The trick is to learn as much as

We can about the snacks we're

Eating so we can choose a treat

That's right for us.

Seeing how plantain chips are

Made can help us make an

Informed choice.

This looks like a banana, but

It's actually a plantain --

A staple food in many parts of

The world.

In tropical countries like

Costa rica, it's made into a

Popular snack called plantain

Chips.

The cycle from fruit to snack

Begins here.

A worker cleans off the root of

An offspring from a mature

Plantain tree.

He prepares the root for

Planting as if it were a seed.

In time, this seed will grow

Into a mature plantain tree.

After about nine months, the

Plantain is ready to harvest.

When a worker picks the fruit,

They wrap it in plastic to

Protect it against insects and

Disease.

Each mature tree yields only one

Bushel of fruit its entire

Life.

Once he harvests the mature

Tree, it's the tree's offspring

That yield more fruit and

Continue the life cycle.

The worker then rinses the

Plantain in treated water that

Helps wash off sap and kill any

Possible fungus.

Local workers then load the

Cases of plantains onto their

Boat for a full day's trip to

The processing plant.

Their hard work is valued by the

Company which is proud to

Support the local economy.

At the plant, a worker puts the

Plantain into boiling water for

About a minute.

Boiling the fruit changes its

Color, but more importantly, it

Greatly reduces the amount of

Sap the fruit releases, which

Makes handling and peeling the

Otherwise sticky skin possible.

The various lengths and widths

Of plantain prohibit peeling it

By machine.

Workers at this costa rican

Plant cut more than 50,000

Pounds of plantain every day,

All by hand.

Each one is then cut into slices

Of a specific thickness for

Chips.

To do this, workers push the

Fruit one at a time into a

Cutting machine.

The slices of plantain fall

Through the machine into a

Deep-fry oven below.

A rotating grill and conveyor

System helps ensure uniform

Cooking of the slices in natural

Palm oil as they travel on an

Uninterrupted 30-foot journey.

After cooling, the worker

Removes any under- or overcooked

Chips.

The chips then travel into a

Tumbler that adds salt or other

Seasonings or flavors, depending

On the product.

The chips then exit the tumbler

And are ready for packaging.

The packaging machine gently

Funnels the chips into separate

Chutes as it calculates the

Exact amount it needs to fill

Each bag.

Once filled, the packaging

Machine then cuts and seals the

Individual bags, then sends them

For distribution across the

World.

Plantain chips also come in

Strips.

They're trans-fat free and come

In a variety of formats that

Make a handy treat.

>> narrator: nascar is one of

The most popular spectator

Sports in north america.

The national association for

Stock car auto racing holds a

Series of 36 races a year,

Mostly at oval or d-shaped

Tracks on which the cars make

Only left turns.

They're built from scratch

Following nascar's strict

Technical rules.

Nascar's stock cars are based on

Certain american-made road

Cars.

The frame is made out of steel

Tubing.

The hood, roof, and deck lid --

That's like the regular car's

Trunk cover -- are made out of

Sheet steel.

The workers who assemble the

Body are called body hangers.

They position all the parts

According to a nascar-authorized

Template.

Here they clamp the body panels

Together.

Then, with an aluminum bracket,

To the template for shaping.

To make the wheel openings on

The front fender, they use

Shrinking jaws, a tool that

Curves metal by squeezing it.

Then they switch to a tool

Called an english wheel.

It rolls the curved metal into a

Particular shape.

The car's front suspension is

Essentially the same as that of

A regular car, except for the

Angle of the tires, which they

Manipulate by putting shims on

This upper control arm.

The right front tire tilts

Inward and the left front tire

Tilts outward.

That's because these cars race

On an oval track in one

Direction only, so they're

Making only left turns.

Next, they install a brake

Rotor.

Then, a steel spacing plate

Between the rotor and the wheel.

This sets up the specific

Distance from wheel to wheel

That nascar rules require.

They load a pair of brake pads

Into a brake caliper and slide

The caliper onto the rotor.

The caliper contains

Different-sized pistons so that

It applies the brake pads to the

Rotor evenly.

Now they move onto the car's

Inner workings.

They mount the transmission to

An aluminum housing that covers

The flywheel, clutch, and other

Components.

Then they install the motor.

It's an eight-cylinder, 750-plus

Horsepower engine.

They attach the car's plastic

Windshield with bolted clips.

If air gets into the car, these

Strong clips will keep the

Windshield from blowing out.

The car's seat core is made of

Aluminum, padded for comfort.

Every nascar driver has his car

Seat custom-built to his body

Shape.

After bolting in the seat, they

Install the steering wheel.

It has a safety release that

Lets the driver remove the wheel

With a single pull.

This enables him to get in and

Out of the car easily and to

Remove the wheel quickly if he's

Injured in a crash.

Now, for the finishing touches.

First, a large decal of the

Car's number centered on each

Door.

Every nascar racecar is also

Plastered with decals

Advertising its driver's

Sponsors.

Nascar's stock cars have a few

Key safety features.

Fenders allow side-to-side

Contact between cars without

Their wheels hooking together.

Roof flaps direct air downward,

Keeping the cars close to the

Ground.

This stops a spinning car from

Flipping over.

A nascar stock car weighs in at

More than 3,300 pounds.

It travels to the track in the

Top deck of a trailer.

This keeps the bottom level

Clear as a work space for the

Driver's mechanical crew.

If you have any comments about

The show or if you'd like to

Suggest topics for

Future shows, drop us a line at

Sciencechannel.Com/howitsmade.