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>> today on "How it's made,"
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Solid tires...
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Cheesecake...
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Canoe paddles...
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And globes.
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Solid rubber tires are designed
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To conquer the toughest turf,
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The kind of rough terrain
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Found at construction sites,
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Landfills, and mining
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Operations.
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These places are full of hazards
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That would flatten ordinary
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Air-filled tires, but solid
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Tires don't go flat.
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Even with a dozen nails sticking
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Out of them, these big boys
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Just keep on turning.
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Strong and dependable, these
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Tires are ideal for heavy work.
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And because there's no inner
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Tube, you never have to worry
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About getting a flat.
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It all starts with a wide strip
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Of partially processed rubber.
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As the strip is forced through a
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Series of holes, it's turned
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Into a long, tubular shape.
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Next, hot cylinders roll it thin
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And soft like a pie crust.
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In another part of the factory,
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The tires' metal frameworks are
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Being prepped.
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A worker moves them along an
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Overhead rail into a special
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Chamber.
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Steel pellets are added to the
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Mix.
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Inside the chamber, a machine
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Tosses the pellets around and
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The friction polishes the metal
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Tire frames.
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Next, workers spray on a coat of
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Primer and apply an adhesive.
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Then one by one, the frames are
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Mounted on a mechanical arm
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That's positioned in front of
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The rubber rolling system.
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The arm moves the tire frame
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Forward to meet the turning
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Cylinders.
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The metal surface, still tacky
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From the glue, easily takes up
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The freshly rolled rubber.
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Depending on the kind of tire
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Being made, the machine can
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Layer the rubber around the
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Frame up to 100 times.
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Then, workers weigh the tire and
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Slice off bits of rubber until
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It meets specifications.
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This solid tire is now in good
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Shape, so it moves on to the
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Next stage.
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Over at another station, they're
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Building a different type of
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Solid tire.
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This one has no metal framework,
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So it can fit on a rim made for
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An air-filled tire.
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Rubber strips are wound around
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The metal hub that serves as a
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Mold.
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Then a heavy press squeezes out
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Any air pockets.
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These rubber strips contain
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Recycled material which is
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Stiffer than regular rubber.
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This will help the tire hold its
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Shape in the absence of a metal
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Framework.
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Now it's time for some tread.
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Workers begin the process by
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Spraying a release agent onto a
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Mold so it will be easier to
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Remove the tire later.
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Then they lightly glue the I.D.
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Label and serial-number plate
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To position them for transfer to
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The tire.
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The tire is centered in the mold
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With a metal ring.
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Then the top section of the mold
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Is lowered into place.
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Now it's time to get cooking.
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The mold is hoisted to another
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Station and sandwiched between
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Two steaming hot plates.
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The searing temperature melts
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The rubber into the crevices of
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The mold.
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Minutes later, the mold is
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Opened and out comes a treaded
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Tire.
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The heat has also vulcanized the
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Rubber, a molecular change that
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Makes it much more durable.
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Changing one of these tires
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Isn't a job for just anyone.
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Typically a specialist travels
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To the work site and switches
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Tires using a heavy-duty
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Hydraulic system.
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And that's how you put a solid
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Tire on a wheel rim made for an
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Air-filled one.
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Big tires with metal frameworks
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Go into this autoclave to be
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Shaped and undergo
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Vulcanization.
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A forklift, equipped with solid
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Tires, of course, extracts the
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Finished tires from the
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Autoclave.
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And now they're ready to roll.
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When we return, another round
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Creation.
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>> people associate cheesecake
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With new york, but actually, it
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Comes from greece.
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The ancient greeks served this
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Rich delicacy to the athletes of
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The first olympic games in
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776 b.C.
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The roman conquest spread the
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Dessert across europe, and many
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Centuries later, european
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Immigrants brought to
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North america.
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The ancient romans even brought
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Cheesecake to their temples as
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An offering to the gods.
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The basis of a cheesecake is its
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Rich, creamy filling made from
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Ricotta, neufchatel, or
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Cream cheese.
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But first, bakers need to make
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The crust, similar to a butter
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Cookie.
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For a batch of about five dozen
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Cakes, this bakery combines 50
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Pounds of butter with 10 pounds
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Of sugar.
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Next, 16 egg whites.
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Then, 25 pounds of flour.
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After mixing just long enough to
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Incorporate the flour smoothly,
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A conveyor belt shuttles the
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Dough to a vat.
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Gravity pushes the blob of dough
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Through a slot at the bottom,
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Expelling a sheet less than a
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Quarter inch thick.
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A dusting of flour prevents the
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Dough from sticking, not just to
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The conveyor belt but also to
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The rolling and cutting tools.
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This prickly roller preparates
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The dough sheet.
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The holes allow any trapped air
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To escape during baking, which
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Prevents the dough from
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Shrinking and ensures a flat,
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Bubble-free crust.
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The next roller has plastic
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Circles that work like cookie
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Cutters, slicing the dough into
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Cake-size discs.
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The leftover pieces go into new
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Batches of dough.
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Each dough circle goes in a pan,
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Then bakes at 375 for 16
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Minutes.
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Meanwhile, the batter starts
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Taking shape.
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For a batch of about 20 cakes,
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The bakery combines 25 pounds of
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Cream cheese with two pounds of
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Cultured sour cream.
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That's sour cream processed a
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Little longer than usual to give
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It extra flavor.
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After slowly mixing in 15 pounds
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Of sugar and about 2 1/2 cups of
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Flour, workers blend in 3/4 cup
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Of vanilla extract.
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Now they get cracking with 1 1/2
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Dozen eggs.
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That's the recipe for plain
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Cheesecake.
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Flavored versions come with
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Extra goodies.
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This batter is caramel pecan.
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It's paired with a chocolate
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Cookie crust.
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As the baked crusts arrive,
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Sprayers grease the inside of
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Each pan with butter so that the
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Cake will slide out easily after
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Baking.
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Then a machine, called the
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Depositor, shoots in just the
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Right amount of batter.
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The pans now enter a
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Tunnel-shaped oven that's almost
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25 yards long.
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The temperature inside is a
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Toasty 350 degrees.
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By the time the cakes exit the
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Other end, they're fully baked.
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These 10-inch cakes take just
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Under an hour.
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From the oven, the cheesecakes
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Go onto a cooling conveyor, and
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By the time the hot cakes do the
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Nearly hour-long circuit, they
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Are at room temperature and
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Ready to come out of their pans.
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From there, most cheesecakes go
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Straight into the storage
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Freezer, but there are a few
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Exceptions which detour to the
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Decoration department.
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This belgian chocolate
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Cheesecake isn't complete
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Without a squirt of chocolate
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Ganache, a decadent mixture of
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Chocolate and cream.
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Workers spread it all over,
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Then make swirls with a
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Decorating comb.
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And now the final touch, a
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Sprinkling of cocoa.
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Some cakes go into an automated
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Cutting machine that divides
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Each cake into 14 equal slices
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00:10:29,433 --> 00:10:31,400
And inserts parchment paper in
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Between them.
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00:10:34,800 --> 00:10:36,000
Back at the decorating
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Department, they are putting
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Shards of chocolate on a mud
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Pie, a combination chocolate
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Souffle, chocolate cheesecake
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With pecans and coffee mousse
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Topping.
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You might want to put off that
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Diet just for one more day.
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Coming up, an age-old implement
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Gets a new spin.
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>> they keep us from going
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Adrift, and no one wants to
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Be up the creek without one.
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00:11:12,667 --> 00:11:14,233
Paddles have been around so long
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No one know who is invented them
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Or when.
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00:11:17,067 --> 00:11:18,167
But there's no question they've
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00:11:18,167 --> 00:11:19,600
Evolved.
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Made with sophisticated
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Craftsmanship, today's wooden
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Paddles really go the nautical
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Mile.
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00:11:37,100 --> 00:11:38,633
Modern paddles are often made
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From a blend of hard and soft
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Woods for a product that's
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Strong yet lightweight.
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First, wooden boards are fed
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00:11:46,733 --> 00:11:48,167
Into a multi-bladed rip saw
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That slices them into uniform
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Strips.
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Each strip has a flat, smooth
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Joint on the side.
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Glue is rolled onto those flat
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00:12:04,133 --> 00:12:05,733
Joints and then the strips are
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00:12:05,733 --> 00:12:07,367
Pressed together.
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00:12:07,367 --> 00:12:08,600
These glued sections will be
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00:12:08,600 --> 00:12:20,167
Used to make paddle blades.
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00:12:20,167 --> 00:12:21,900
Over at another station, workers
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00:12:21,900 --> 00:12:23,567
Are creating the paddle shafts
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00:12:23,567 --> 00:12:25,100
Two at a time.
290
00:12:25,100 --> 00:12:26,533
They glue shorter pieces of wood
291
00:12:26,533 --> 00:12:28,067
For the handles, and clamp them
292
00:12:28,067 --> 00:12:29,367
Together to allow the glue to
293
00:12:29,367 --> 00:12:39,333
Set.
294
00:12:39,333 --> 00:12:40,900
The blade chunks are arranged in
295
00:12:40,900 --> 00:12:42,833
A much bigger clamp.
296
00:12:42,833 --> 00:12:44,067
Then the glue-coated ends of
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00:12:44,067 --> 00:12:45,333
Some shafts are wedged between
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00:12:45,333 --> 00:12:50,733
The blade pieces.
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00:12:50,733 --> 00:12:52,567
In a process called lamination,
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00:12:52,567 --> 00:12:54,267
The blades are bonded to the
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00:12:54,267 --> 00:12:54,867
Shafts.
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00:12:54,867 --> 00:12:56,667
The laminated paddle shapes are
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00:12:56,667 --> 00:13:02,400
Called blanks.
304
00:13:02,400 --> 00:13:04,567
Next, the blade design is traced
305
00:13:04,567 --> 00:13:09,400
Onto one of the blanks...
306
00:13:09,400 --> 00:13:10,600
And the design is cut out with a
307
00:13:10,600 --> 00:13:15,767
Band saw.
308
00:13:15,767 --> 00:13:17,233
Laminated wood doesn't warp
309
00:13:17,233 --> 00:13:17,767
Easily.
310
00:13:17,767 --> 00:13:19,133
This allows the factory to
311
00:13:19,133 --> 00:13:20,567
Produce wider blades, which
312
00:13:20,567 --> 00:13:21,967
Give the canoer more power
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00:13:21,967 --> 00:13:26,733
Through the water.
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00:13:26,733 --> 00:13:28,167
But paddles cut from a single
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00:13:28,167 --> 00:13:29,467
Piece of wood have a more
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00:13:29,467 --> 00:13:31,200
Traditional look and feel, and
317
00:13:31,200 --> 00:13:35,333
Some canoers prefer them.
318
00:13:35,333 --> 00:13:36,833
These narrower paddles are made
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00:13:36,833 --> 00:13:45,200
With cherry wood.
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00:13:45,200 --> 00:13:46,700
Modern tools make quick work of
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00:13:46,700 --> 00:13:48,100
A design that hasn't changed
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00:13:48,100 --> 00:13:52,167
Very much over the centuries.
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00:13:52,167 --> 00:13:53,800
In no time, a basic paddle has
324
00:13:53,800 --> 00:13:55,500
Been carved from a single piece
325
00:13:55,500 --> 00:13:57,833
Of wood.
326
00:13:57,833 --> 00:13:59,433
Next, the edges are rounded off
327
00:13:59,433 --> 00:14:01,867
With a large router.
328
00:14:01,867 --> 00:14:03,400
It shapes and contours the
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00:14:03,400 --> 00:14:05,133
Paddle to its final dimensions
330
00:14:05,133 --> 00:14:09,600
And gives it a smooth finish.
331
00:14:09,600 --> 00:14:10,700
In just minutes, that
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00:14:10,700 --> 00:14:12,267
Chunky-looking piece of wood is
333
00:14:12,267 --> 00:14:13,533
Transformed into a sleek
334
00:14:13,533 --> 00:14:22,100
Traditional paddle.
335
00:14:22,100 --> 00:14:23,767
Meanwhile, back in the laminated
336
00:14:23,767 --> 00:14:25,367
Paddle department, notches are
337
00:14:25,367 --> 00:14:30,567
Sawed into each paddle blade.
338
00:14:30,567 --> 00:14:32,333
Workers mix up a liquid plastic
339
00:14:32,333 --> 00:14:38,100
Concoction...
340
00:14:38,100 --> 00:14:39,467
Then pour it into the slots to
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00:14:39,467 --> 00:14:40,867
Harden.
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00:14:40,867 --> 00:14:42,133
The plastic gives the paddle
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00:14:42,133 --> 00:14:43,333
Tips some extra protection
344
00:14:43,333 --> 00:14:44,467
Against rocks and other
345
00:14:44,467 --> 00:14:50,733
Obstacles in the water.
346
00:14:50,733 --> 00:14:52,067
Now it's time to improve the
347
00:14:52,067 --> 00:14:53,267
Profile of the laminated
348
00:14:53,267 --> 00:14:56,267
Paddles.
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00:14:56,267 --> 00:14:57,867
With the same type of router
350
00:14:57,867 --> 00:14:59,667
Used to shape the solid paddles,
351
00:14:59,667 --> 00:15:09,700
Workers fine-tune the design.
352
00:15:09,700 --> 00:15:11,300
Both types of paddles then get a
353
00:15:11,300 --> 00:15:12,633
Heavy sanding.
354
00:15:12,633 --> 00:15:14,200
The final touch is to taper each
355
00:15:14,200 --> 00:15:15,667
Paddle head so that it's much
356
00:15:15,667 --> 00:15:22,533
Thinner at the tip.
357
00:15:22,533 --> 00:15:24,100
Trademark information is branded
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00:15:24,100 --> 00:15:25,567
Onto each paddle using a hot
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00:15:25,567 --> 00:15:31,767
Iron.
360
00:15:31,767 --> 00:15:33,300
Then it's time for the paddles
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00:15:33,300 --> 00:15:34,700
To take a dip in a tank of
362
00:15:34,700 --> 00:15:35,933
Varnish that contains a
363
00:15:35,933 --> 00:15:38,400
Sunblock.
364
00:15:38,400 --> 00:15:39,767
The varnish both protects the
365
00:15:39,767 --> 00:15:41,167
Wood and enhances its natural
366
00:15:41,167 --> 00:15:46,367
Beauty.
367
00:15:46,367 --> 00:15:47,933
The paddles are suspended on an
368
00:15:47,933 --> 00:15:52,367
Overhead conveyor to dry.
369
00:15:52,367 --> 00:15:53,867
And soon, they'll be on their
370
00:15:53,867 --> 00:16:06,133
Way to a waterway near you.
371
00:16:06,133 --> 00:16:07,367
Up next, a factory that makes
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00:16:07,367 --> 00:16:09,233
The world go round.
373
00:16:14,267 --> 00:16:16,167
>> because the world is round,
374
00:16:16,167 --> 00:16:18,200
Flat maps don't give us the full
375
00:16:18,200 --> 00:16:20,233
Picture.
376
00:16:20,233 --> 00:16:21,467
A globe is the most accurate
377
00:16:21,467 --> 00:16:24,167
Representation of the earth.
378
00:16:24,167 --> 00:16:25,500
It depicts countries in true
379
00:16:25,500 --> 00:16:28,500
Spatial relation to one another,
380
00:16:28,500 --> 00:16:30,067
And better defines latitude and
381
00:16:30,067 --> 00:16:37,133
Longitude lines.
382
00:16:37,133 --> 00:16:39,067
At the globe factory, production
383
00:16:39,067 --> 00:16:41,367
Revolves around world events.
384
00:16:41,367 --> 00:16:43,067
As war and political upheaval
385
00:16:43,067 --> 00:16:44,400
Redraw boundaries, these
386
00:16:44,400 --> 00:16:45,833
Spherical maps have to be
387
00:16:45,833 --> 00:16:49,067
Constantly revised.
388
00:16:49,067 --> 00:16:50,567
Globe construction begins with a
389
00:16:50,567 --> 00:16:54,900
Big roll of cardboard.
390
00:16:54,900 --> 00:16:56,067
A machine pulls it under a
391
00:16:56,067 --> 00:17:01,500
Roller that coats it with glue.
392
00:17:01,500 --> 00:17:02,767
A knife then slices the
393
00:17:02,767 --> 00:17:04,267
Cardboard into smaller pieces,
394
00:17:04,267 --> 00:17:05,833
Which will serve as liners for
395
00:17:05,833 --> 00:17:11,300
The maps.
396
00:17:11,300 --> 00:17:12,800
One more coat of glue, and then
397
00:17:12,800 --> 00:17:14,267
The liners are attached to the
398
00:17:14,267 --> 00:17:21,500
Back of maps.
399
00:17:21,500 --> 00:17:22,667
Heated rollers press them
400
00:17:22,667 --> 00:17:27,300
Together, completing the seal.
401
00:17:27,300 --> 00:17:28,533
Each map represents a
402
00:17:28,533 --> 00:17:31,967
Hemisphere.
403
00:17:31,967 --> 00:17:33,533
A powerful press now cuts the
404
00:17:33,533 --> 00:17:36,267
Maps into a pinwheel shape.
405
00:17:36,267 --> 00:17:37,767
Each map must be carefully
406
00:17:37,767 --> 00:17:39,500
Positioned in the cutting press.
407
00:17:39,500 --> 00:17:41,600
After all, one false move, and a
408
00:17:41,600 --> 00:17:43,600
Whole country could end up on
409
00:17:43,600 --> 00:17:45,867
The factory floor.
410
00:17:55,067 --> 00:17:56,767
It takes two punch cuts to do
411
00:17:56,767 --> 00:18:05,167
The job.
412
00:18:05,167 --> 00:18:06,933
Then, the excess paper is pulled
413
00:18:06,933 --> 00:18:08,500
Away, leaving behind a map
414
00:18:08,500 --> 00:18:10,067
Divided into 12 spoke-like
415
00:18:10,067 --> 00:18:18,633
Sections.
416
00:18:18,633 --> 00:18:19,767
Here's a top view of that
417
00:18:19,767 --> 00:18:20,700
Cutting press.
418
00:18:20,700 --> 00:18:22,400
It acts like a giant fist to
419
00:18:22,400 --> 00:18:29,333
Punch out pinwheels.
420
00:18:29,333 --> 00:18:30,800
And now it's time to shape the
421
00:18:30,800 --> 00:18:32,800
World.
422
00:18:32,800 --> 00:18:34,333
Workers place a map cutout and a
423
00:18:34,333 --> 00:18:37,233
Liner into a mold.
424
00:18:37,233 --> 00:18:38,700
It rises into a heated cavity
425
00:18:38,700 --> 00:18:40,167
That presses the paper into a
426
00:18:40,167 --> 00:18:45,433
Bowl-like shape.
427
00:18:45,433 --> 00:18:47,333
One hemisphere down, one more to
428
00:18:47,333 --> 00:18:51,133
Go.
429
00:18:51,133 --> 00:18:52,367
The southern hemisphere is
430
00:18:52,367 --> 00:18:53,767
Created using the same type of
431
00:18:53,767 --> 00:19:03,333
Mold.
432
00:19:03,333 --> 00:19:04,967
Molds also emboss each map to
433
00:19:04,967 --> 00:19:06,700
Represent the peaks and valleys
434
00:19:06,700 --> 00:19:10,133
On the earth's surface.
435
00:19:10,133 --> 00:19:12,167
Here's an inside look.
436
00:19:12,167 --> 00:19:13,967
The raised and indented sections
437
00:19:13,967 --> 00:19:15,767
Of the molds allow people to see
438
00:19:15,767 --> 00:19:17,300
And feel variations in the
439
00:19:17,300 --> 00:19:19,467
World's topography, both
440
00:19:19,467 --> 00:19:28,067
Aboveground and underwater.
441
00:19:28,067 --> 00:19:29,800
With the hemispheres complete,
442
00:19:29,800 --> 00:19:34,667
It's time to go global.
443
00:19:34,667 --> 00:19:36,433
The northern hemisphere goes for
444
00:19:36,433 --> 00:19:38,200
A spin while a razor blade trims
445
00:19:38,200 --> 00:19:41,067
The edges.
446
00:19:41,067 --> 00:19:42,567
Then the lower hemisphere takes
447
00:19:42,567 --> 00:19:44,067
Its turn while a nozzle beads
448
00:19:44,067 --> 00:19:48,633
Hot glue along the inside.
449
00:19:48,633 --> 00:19:50,067
This stiff cardboard ring
450
00:19:50,067 --> 00:19:51,567
Adheres to the globe and gives
451
00:19:51,567 --> 00:19:52,867
It some re-enforcement along the
452
00:19:52,867 --> 00:19:58,933
Equator.
453
00:19:58,933 --> 00:20:00,167
Glue is applied to the northern
454
00:20:00,167 --> 00:20:02,500
Hemisphere...
455
00:20:02,500 --> 00:20:03,900
And it is fitted over the ridged
456
00:20:03,900 --> 00:20:11,233
Edge of the southern one.
457
00:20:11,233 --> 00:20:12,867
The two halves are precisely
458
00:20:12,867 --> 00:20:14,567
Aligned, then tape is attached
459
00:20:14,567 --> 00:20:15,600
Over the seam.
460
00:20:15,600 --> 00:20:17,733
This both disguises the seam and
461
00:20:17,733 --> 00:20:26,800
Marks the equator.
462
00:20:26,800 --> 00:20:28,467
Next, each globe is mounted on a
463
00:20:28,467 --> 00:20:30,000
Pedestal that's attached to a
464
00:20:30,000 --> 00:20:31,933
Metal arc called a meridian.
465
00:20:31,933 --> 00:20:33,867
Suctioned to the top of the
466
00:20:33,867 --> 00:20:36,000
Globe, the meridian will allow
467
00:20:36,000 --> 00:20:40,133
The earth to revolve.
468
00:20:40,300 --> 00:20:41,733
From fragments of paper and
469
00:20:41,733 --> 00:20:43,300
Glue, a whole new world's been
470
00:20:43,300 --> 00:20:44,767
Created in just a couple of
471
00:20:44,767 --> 00:20:48,500
Hours.
472
00:20:48,500 --> 00:20:50,067
Globes tell us where we are and
473
00:20:50,067 --> 00:20:51,567
Help us figure out where we're
474
00:20:51,567 --> 00:20:52,567
Going.
475
00:20:52,567 --> 00:20:53,900
They come in many different
476
00:20:53,900 --> 00:20:54,500
Languages.
477
00:20:54,500 --> 00:20:56,067
And because they help us get our
478
00:20:56,067 --> 00:20:57,500
Bearings, you could say they
479
00:20:57,500 --> 00:20:58,400
Make the world a better place.
480
00:20:59,667 --> 00:21:02,733
-- captions by vitac --
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481
00:21:13,833 --> 00:21:15,167
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482
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483
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484
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