Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:57,563 --> 00:00:59,923
I had a pretty unconventional childhood.
2
00:01:01,283 --> 00:01:04,562
My father was the publisher
and friend of Jacques Cousteau,
3
00:01:05,883 --> 00:01:07,443
the underwater explorer.
4
00:01:10,523 --> 00:01:14,683
And so I grew up listening to the stories
of Cousteau’s adventures.
5
00:01:19,323 --> 00:01:23,002
I remember one day him
telling me the very first time
6
00:01:23,122 --> 00:01:27,642
they dove into this dark cave
with some experimental lighting.
7
00:01:29,562 --> 00:01:32,723
They hoped it would improve
their ability to film underwater.
8
00:01:34,641 --> 00:01:36,723
In the murky depths,
9
00:01:36,921 --> 00:01:42,243
sea life had always just appeared
as dark and gray silhouettes.
10
00:01:43,482 --> 00:01:45,762
But when they turned on the lights
11
00:01:47,362 --> 00:01:52,641
they discovered the most extraordinary
colors they had ever seen.
12
00:01:56,603 --> 00:01:58,082
I was really young,
13
00:01:58,603 --> 00:02:03,402
but I remember feeling just how much
that experience had affected him.
14
00:02:04,683 --> 00:02:09,003
Not only had they discovered
something so beautiful in nature,
15
00:02:10,043 --> 00:02:15,802
but they had the power to share those
incredible colors with millions of people.
16
00:02:16,283 --> 00:02:22,202
He knew how much that could change
our perception of the world.
17
00:02:25,603 --> 00:02:28,603
And something profound
changed within me that day.
18
00:02:37,603 --> 00:02:40,603
I think that's
when I became an artist.
19
00:02:47,563 --> 00:02:50,003
In 2013 I began
20
00:02:50,242 --> 00:02:53,762
photographing these installations,
that I call TimeShrines,
21
00:02:54,043 --> 00:02:57,082
to document
how our planet was changing.
22
00:02:59,961 --> 00:03:05,003
I started using these strong symbols
about time and choice,
23
00:03:05,482 --> 00:03:06,883
everywhere I went.
24
00:03:10,723 --> 00:03:13,723
I wanted to show what we have,
25
00:03:14,603 --> 00:03:15,843
what we're about to lose,
26
00:03:16,682 --> 00:03:19,362
and especially
what we've already lost.
27
00:03:22,443 --> 00:03:25,122
I discovered so many worlds
along the way.
28
00:03:25,762 --> 00:03:28,362
From the highest peaks
of the Himalaya...
29
00:03:29,723 --> 00:03:32,082
to the depths of our underworld.
30
00:03:34,403 --> 00:03:37,802
From the Amazonian rainforest
to the great mega cities.
31
00:03:39,202 --> 00:03:42,563
Everywhere I went
I found the same story.
32
00:03:44,883 --> 00:03:46,163
One story.
33
00:03:48,043 --> 00:03:50,922
From the earth's tallest peaks
to the ocean floor,
34
00:03:51,043 --> 00:03:55,403
scientists warn no part of the world
will be spared from the climate crisis.
35
00:03:55,603 --> 00:03:59,603
That storms are going to sweep the Earth
and we are all gonna die by a heat wave.
36
00:03:59,802 --> 00:04:03,362
I mean, this is an incredible
bad bad science...
37
00:04:03,443 --> 00:04:07,123
Roughly one million species
are on the verge of extinction.
38
00:04:07,723 --> 00:04:10,962
Carbon dioxide doesn't control
temperatures or climate
39
00:04:11,082 --> 00:04:13,362
on any scale of time.
40
00:04:15,682 --> 00:04:20,322
When I was a kid I never really thought
about whether the world that I knew
41
00:04:20,723 --> 00:04:23,723
might be different
20 years down the road.
42
00:04:25,922 --> 00:04:30,763
It’s during this journey that I realized
just how fast the world is changing.
43
00:04:33,163 --> 00:04:35,322
One worst case prediction sees
44
00:04:35,403 --> 00:04:38,362
a billion people affected
by the year 2050.
45
00:04:38,523 --> 00:04:40,843
Drought and famine are forecasted
46
00:04:41,043 --> 00:04:43,763
along with more frequent
and destructive storms.
47
00:04:44,723 --> 00:04:47,562
All civilizations will become
spacefaring or extinct.
48
00:04:47,763 --> 00:04:49,643
We need a plan B.
49
00:04:51,002 --> 00:04:57,403
It became clear I couldn’t rely solely
on my artistic intuition to understand it.
50
00:04:58,442 --> 00:05:01,643
I needed a soundboard.
I needed facts.
51
00:05:02,723 --> 00:05:05,603
That’s when I met
Doctor Julie Pullen.
52
00:05:07,442 --> 00:05:11,122
Climate change can manifest in so
many different ways across the planet.
53
00:05:11,322 --> 00:05:13,963
As you have seen on your travels,
as you chronicled,
54
00:05:14,203 --> 00:05:16,523
not everywhere
is experiencing rainfall,
55
00:05:16,682 --> 00:05:20,403
not everywhere is at the moment
experiencing extreme heat.
56
00:05:20,763 --> 00:05:24,763
And so weaving that story together,
these are all connected.
57
00:05:24,922 --> 00:05:29,283
This is a global pattern
with local impacts.
58
00:05:29,963 --> 00:05:32,362
It's a really big story to tell.
59
00:05:33,562 --> 00:05:37,202
Throughout my journey
I noticed a kind of pattern emerging.
60
00:05:37,802 --> 00:05:41,643
A lot of the people that I encountered
were on the front line...
61
00:05:42,723 --> 00:05:46,403
and already dealing with
the changing planet.
62
00:05:48,322 --> 00:05:50,922
They were reacting to it,
63
00:05:51,322 --> 00:05:55,202
but more than anything,
they were adapting to a new world.
64
00:05:57,202 --> 00:06:01,242
It was clear to me
I had to share their stories
65
00:06:02,682 --> 00:06:05,562
in order to make my art complete.
66
00:06:49,562 --> 00:06:55,002
Upper Mustang is one of the most
remote location in the Himalaya.
67
00:06:55,963 --> 00:06:58,242
It's very difficult to fly to,
68
00:06:58,403 --> 00:07:02,043
because the mountains are so high
and so close together
69
00:07:02,203 --> 00:07:05,002
that it's actually quite dangerous
to get there by plane.
70
00:07:05,163 --> 00:07:09,083
It was incredible: you felt like
you could actually touch the mountains
71
00:07:09,442 --> 00:07:11,723
if you had stuck your hand
out the window.
72
00:07:15,562 --> 00:07:20,763
Some of the milestones of change
are associated with the higher latitudes,
73
00:07:21,002 --> 00:07:25,002
seemed to be happening
sooner than was projected.
74
00:07:27,802 --> 00:07:31,043
You know, some of the most
resilient people are on the planet
75
00:07:31,122 --> 00:07:34,603
are the ones that are experiencing
the most acute changes
76
00:07:34,723 --> 00:07:37,122
associated with climate change.
77
00:07:56,763 --> 00:07:58,643
This way? Let’s go this way.
78
00:07:59,122 --> 00:08:00,322
This way!
79
00:08:03,562 --> 00:08:08,163
Upper Mustang used to be this isolated
kingdom in north of the Himalayas.
80
00:08:09,922 --> 00:08:13,283
As a kid, we grew up
like playing in the rivers, riding horses.
81
00:08:13,523 --> 00:08:15,403
Trying to ride cows and all that.
82
00:08:16,723 --> 00:08:20,083
The first visitor arrived in 1992
when it was open for tourism.
83
00:08:24,442 --> 00:08:26,682
I remember that somebody had
a Polaroid camera
84
00:08:27,122 --> 00:08:29,002
and he took photos of us
and gave it to us.
85
00:08:33,483 --> 00:08:36,601
Me and my friends
were like very blown away
86
00:08:36,682 --> 00:08:39,403
to see this foreign person
in the neighborhood.
87
00:08:39,802 --> 00:08:42,283
But we were all even shocked
to see all the little things
88
00:08:42,403 --> 00:08:44,962
like the Polaroid photos
of ourselves and things like this.
89
00:08:48,682 --> 00:08:55,322
Tashi is part of the new youth groups
that have started in that region.
90
00:08:57,082 --> 00:09:02,722
These youth groups are trying
to preserve their culture and their art,
91
00:09:04,483 --> 00:09:09,322
and in the same time they try to develop
new opportunities for a new generation
92
00:09:09,403 --> 00:09:12,403
to be able to stay there
and not leave to go to the cities.
93
00:09:15,283 --> 00:09:17,043
Hey, look at these guys!
94
00:09:17,363 --> 00:09:20,763
We used to ride horses and cows.
They're riding bicycles.
95
00:09:28,363 --> 00:09:31,363
A new set of Prayer wheels.
They're so shiny and bling bling.
96
00:09:31,562 --> 00:09:33,962
They are!
They are so bling, bling.
97
00:09:34,163 --> 00:09:36,763
Someday I would love
to make electricity out of them.
98
00:09:37,123 --> 00:09:40,682
I would love to put a little turbine
and then you can have electricity.
99
00:09:40,883 --> 00:09:43,763
- That would be amazing!
- Yes, there would be streetlamps.
100
00:09:46,403 --> 00:09:50,163
I'm here because we want to document
the evolution of the climate here,
101
00:09:50,363 --> 00:09:52,802
and climate change
and climate breakdown in a way.
102
00:09:53,003 --> 00:09:56,363
And so... nobody really believes that
is happening in the Himalayas.
103
00:09:56,483 --> 00:10:00,043
It's very hard for people to think
it's cold in the glaciers and all that.
104
00:10:00,243 --> 00:10:02,643
The glacial sources of water are drying up
105
00:10:02,883 --> 00:10:06,123
and, if they're not drying up,
they're getting reduced so much
106
00:10:06,363 --> 00:10:08,763
that they have not enough water
to irrigate their fields,
107
00:10:08,962 --> 00:10:10,562
which is the main source of food.
108
00:10:11,082 --> 00:10:12,922
It's just a desert everywhere.
109
00:10:13,682 --> 00:10:15,562
And two of these villages
that we're going to,
110
00:10:15,643 --> 00:10:18,683
the only option is to move elsewhere where
there's abundant sources of water.
111
00:10:18,763 --> 00:10:20,243
So they're moving right now.
112
00:10:27,842 --> 00:10:31,682
If you find it hard to balance
you just press your knees onto the...
113
00:10:36,202 --> 00:10:39,643
The glaciers
in the Himalayan region represent
114
00:10:39,763 --> 00:10:42,883
the primary fresh water source
for that whole region.
115
00:10:43,082 --> 00:10:48,643
Downstream
it’s really creating life for humans,
116
00:10:49,802 --> 00:10:54,562
so losing the glaciers
is going to transform their lives.
117
00:11:12,842 --> 00:11:16,682
It was very challenging
and a little dangerous too,
118
00:11:16,883 --> 00:11:19,682
especially if you're not
a good horseback rider like me.
119
00:11:22,043 --> 00:11:24,562
You've got these really deep ditches
120
00:11:24,763 --> 00:11:28,202
and your horse is going
on this really thin path...
121
00:11:28,763 --> 00:11:32,082
You just shouldn't look down,
you just have to trust your horse
122
00:11:32,243 --> 00:11:34,363
and just keep on going.
123
00:11:34,483 --> 00:11:37,842
It was like really living the nomad life
124
00:11:37,922 --> 00:11:41,363
and seeing and understanding
how they've been living forever.
125
00:11:46,003 --> 00:11:49,602
What moves me a lot,
or moves so many people I'm sure,
126
00:11:49,682 --> 00:11:52,922
is when you see
in televisions and news and media
127
00:11:53,082 --> 00:11:56,123
that people believe
in climate change or not...
128
00:11:56,283 --> 00:11:59,763
and the fact that some people
think they can believe in it or not.
129
00:11:59,962 --> 00:12:02,842
It's just so striking when you see it
happening right in front of you.
130
00:12:23,283 --> 00:12:29,123
As a westerner I had this vision that
the Himalayas, snow and ice and water...
131
00:12:31,483 --> 00:12:37,842
I really didn't realize that
there was such a drama unfolding.
132
00:12:41,283 --> 00:12:43,763
There is so much ancient culture there,
133
00:12:44,243 --> 00:12:48,523
and so it's this incredible duality:
they're losing their glaciers,
134
00:12:48,722 --> 00:12:52,643
but there's such a great risk that
they're going to be losing their culture.
135
00:12:58,682 --> 00:13:01,202
It was almost immediate:
136
00:13:01,322 --> 00:13:05,003
there was no way
I could recount the story of the loss
137
00:13:05,842 --> 00:13:08,682
without integrating
the cultural loss as well.
138
00:13:24,643 --> 00:13:27,883
- Oh my goodness, this is amazing.
- Yes.
139
00:13:29,363 --> 00:13:31,363
The protector Gods of Samdzong.
140
00:13:32,283 --> 00:13:34,562
They're so strange...
They are so different.
141
00:13:34,842 --> 00:13:38,123
All the protective Gods are made to look
as wrathful as possible, you know?
142
00:13:53,883 --> 00:13:55,763
They will be forced to migrate,
143
00:13:56,003 --> 00:13:59,123
and they will have to abandon
their ancestry.
144
00:14:00,123 --> 00:14:03,043
They are literally leaving
their gods behind.
145
00:14:20,722 --> 00:14:22,523
It's a big reality:
146
00:14:22,682 --> 00:14:27,363
the 2000 Himalayan glaciers that are
feeding around 1.6 billion people on earth
147
00:14:27,682 --> 00:14:31,043
is now slowly, slowly disappearing.
148
00:14:34,682 --> 00:14:39,722
And there's nothing they can do
as a person and measure to solve this.
149
00:14:43,722 --> 00:14:47,523
Climate change is
unpredictability a global concern.
150
00:14:50,922 --> 00:14:54,003
We should all act on it,
because we're all responsible in a way.
151
00:14:57,922 --> 00:15:00,763
It's them today,
but it will be everybody else tomorrow.
152
00:15:00,922 --> 00:15:02,722
They're just at the front line.
153
00:15:04,043 --> 00:15:08,082
It's also about compassion and deciding
who we want to be as a species.
154
00:15:08,283 --> 00:15:13,643
Do we want to keep on saying: "That's far
away, it's never going to happen to us"?
155
00:15:13,722 --> 00:15:18,163
Or do we feel these are fellow humans,
and we need to be compassionate?
156
00:15:21,682 --> 00:15:24,842
My installations are about
showing you that reality,
157
00:15:25,123 --> 00:15:27,602
asking you not to turn
your back away from it
158
00:15:27,922 --> 00:15:31,363
and decide what you choose to do
because you have a choice.
159
00:15:34,082 --> 00:15:37,403
We don't have time anymore
to delay action.
160
00:15:37,722 --> 00:15:41,403
One of the extraordinary
advances in science...
161
00:15:41,483 --> 00:15:45,523
has been the ability
to simulate the whole Earth system
162
00:15:45,722 --> 00:15:48,962
using advances
in supercomputing technology,
163
00:15:49,163 --> 00:15:52,763
so we can look at how the different
components of the Earth system,
164
00:15:52,842 --> 00:15:56,322
the air, the water,
the land surface, the ice,
165
00:15:56,763 --> 00:15:59,602
interact with each other
and feedback to each other.
166
00:15:59,682 --> 00:16:04,202
We can already read the future thanks
to these supercomputers, is that possible?
167
00:16:04,322 --> 00:16:07,883
You know, if our emissions
continue on a high pathway,
168
00:16:08,082 --> 00:16:10,763
then we can see
what how that plays out for the planet.
169
00:16:10,922 --> 00:16:14,602
If our emissions are capped
and decline at a certain point,
170
00:16:14,682 --> 00:16:17,082
then that's a different trajectory.
171
00:16:20,243 --> 00:16:24,082
The ones who are experiencing
the most significant changes...
172
00:16:24,243 --> 00:16:29,003
are those sentinels:
those societies and civilizations
173
00:16:29,202 --> 00:16:34,922
that can help point the way
to how to navigate this world in flux.
174
00:16:35,602 --> 00:16:41,202
I've seen this with the Shipibo tribes
that are in the Peruvian Amazon.
175
00:16:41,403 --> 00:16:44,123
By culture and by nature,
they are Earth protectors.
176
00:17:12,203 --> 00:17:15,203
There are thorns, be careful.
177
00:17:33,243 --> 00:17:35,322
Is the machete for survival?
178
00:17:36,642 --> 00:17:39,483
Yes, for survival and self-defense.
179
00:17:39,723 --> 00:17:42,203
We can be attacked by wild animals.
180
00:17:45,362 --> 00:17:46,443
What is this?
181
00:17:47,642 --> 00:17:50,082
This is a male Huayruro.
182
00:17:50,602 --> 00:17:53,362
We use it for luck on necklaces.
183
00:17:53,802 --> 00:17:55,523
- Luck?
- Yes, luck.
184
00:17:56,763 --> 00:17:57,763
It's beautiful.
185
00:17:59,642 --> 00:18:01,642
It’s perfect for the installation.
186
00:18:05,923 --> 00:18:10,402
Sometimes it's a cultural object,
sometimes it's organic.
187
00:18:12,483 --> 00:18:15,562
There's a search,
there's a quest.
188
00:18:17,602 --> 00:18:21,162
There's definitely a process,
in what I do.
189
00:18:21,602 --> 00:18:23,122
A tree hug!
190
00:18:26,043 --> 00:18:30,003
I arrive on location
and I need to connect to the location
191
00:18:30,162 --> 00:18:33,842
and understand the place better,
192
00:18:35,003 --> 00:18:39,082
its challenges, the people,
193
00:18:39,842 --> 00:18:43,443
their challenges, their history.
194
00:18:43,842 --> 00:18:46,963
And every time it's a learning process
195
00:18:47,122 --> 00:18:53,923
because I'm trying to put together
a symbolic representation of that place.
196
00:18:56,043 --> 00:18:59,683
Are these trees in danger?
197
00:19:00,283 --> 00:19:01,402
Yes, of course.
198
00:19:01,602 --> 00:19:04,882
Primary forests are immense,
large trees
199
00:19:05,082 --> 00:19:08,162
which no one has deforested,
no one has cut down.
200
00:19:08,243 --> 00:19:10,602
Nowadays we no longer see
201
00:19:10,763 --> 00:19:13,842
large primary forests
near the city.
202
00:19:13,923 --> 00:19:16,763
All these great trees...
They no longer exist.
203
00:19:18,322 --> 00:19:21,443
Because of the increase in population,
they keep on cutting them down.
204
00:19:21,602 --> 00:19:24,483
Until our resources will be over...
205
00:19:28,642 --> 00:19:32,122
Jared is a forest protector by tradition,
206
00:19:32,322 --> 00:19:36,443
because the Shipibo tribe is a tribe
that has always protected the forest.
207
00:19:36,562 --> 00:19:40,842
He has also become a park ranger.
208
00:19:41,283 --> 00:19:45,443
He's become
a modern forest protector as well.
209
00:19:50,162 --> 00:19:53,162
My Shipibo name is Gushamani.
210
00:19:53,443 --> 00:19:57,162
It means strong and kind man.
211
00:19:59,683 --> 00:20:01,683
Sometimes I also feel worried.
212
00:20:01,763 --> 00:20:08,402
I am concerned that
there will be no more guardians like me
213
00:20:09,043 --> 00:20:15,243
because trees are standing there,
they grow alone, year after year,
214
00:20:15,322 --> 00:20:16,923
they can last thousands of years
215
00:20:17,523 --> 00:20:20,763
but they are not able
to defend themselves.
216
00:20:26,882 --> 00:20:29,562
I brought you friends
who admire your strength
217
00:20:30,882 --> 00:20:35,043
and are here
to take your picture.
218
00:21:01,723 --> 00:21:06,923
Jared is obviously protecting
what they call the spirit trees,
219
00:21:07,162 --> 00:21:10,003
because they're so ancient
and they're so huge
220
00:21:10,362 --> 00:21:12,402
and therefore they have this value,
221
00:21:12,523 --> 00:21:16,483
because that's like the ultimate luxury
is to be able to cut them
222
00:21:16,602 --> 00:21:18,763
and use them for something else.
223
00:21:24,122 --> 00:21:26,723
This tree has so many creatures
living in it...
224
00:21:26,963 --> 00:21:29,842
All these little spiders came over
225
00:21:29,923 --> 00:21:32,882
and started walking around
in the installation...
226
00:21:33,162 --> 00:21:36,362
And then, of course,
I put in my symbols.
227
00:21:37,322 --> 00:21:38,523
Is this a symbol of death?
228
00:21:39,043 --> 00:21:40,642
No, it means “life”.
229
00:21:41,043 --> 00:21:42,122
Life?
230
00:21:42,283 --> 00:21:44,043
Our life choices between
231
00:21:44,162 --> 00:21:46,763
a positive life
232
00:21:46,882 --> 00:21:49,723
or a negative life.
233
00:21:55,923 --> 00:21:59,963
And so there are these red flowers,
these beautiful red flowers
234
00:22:00,162 --> 00:22:05,523
that in our western world is something
that is so luxurious and so rare to find.
235
00:22:05,602 --> 00:22:09,523
You only find them in certain florists
and they're everywhere.
236
00:22:11,362 --> 00:22:14,362
At the beginning it's like there's no way
I can cut these flowers,
237
00:22:14,523 --> 00:22:19,283
because for me there was just such
an incredible luxurious experience.
238
00:22:19,602 --> 00:22:22,602
And then that's when the Shipibos
told me that's not a problem.
239
00:22:22,802 --> 00:22:26,243
You need to cut them because
like that it will just regenerate faster.
240
00:22:48,082 --> 00:22:55,003
(Shipibo language)
241
00:22:55,162 --> 00:22:58,802
We're going to send a drone
to the part that is deforested,
242
00:22:58,963 --> 00:23:02,443
so we can see if there's no one
dangerous in there, so it's safe for us.
243
00:23:02,602 --> 00:23:05,082
So we just send a drone
and if nobody's there, then we can go?
244
00:23:05,243 --> 00:23:06,683
- We can get in...
- Ok, perfect.
245
00:23:24,322 --> 00:23:27,082
Destructive fires
tore through massive sections
246
00:23:27,203 --> 00:23:29,882
of the Amazon rainforest last summer,
and even before that,
247
00:23:30,043 --> 00:23:34,642
it had lost 20% of its landmass
to deforestation in the last four decades.
248
00:23:34,723 --> 00:23:37,283
Logging is a lucrative industry in Peru,
249
00:23:37,523 --> 00:23:40,523
and timber from the rainforest
has become a key export.
250
00:23:40,683 --> 00:23:44,723
The vast majority is caused
by small scale loggers or farmers
251
00:23:44,963 --> 00:23:48,243
many of whom cut down forest
to grow coca for the black market.
252
00:23:48,322 --> 00:23:50,203
How many hectares?
253
00:23:50,443 --> 00:23:54,523
This deforestation area
is about five hectares.
254
00:23:55,162 --> 00:23:56,802
It’s incredible.
255
00:23:57,283 --> 00:23:59,203
How long?
256
00:23:59,362 --> 00:24:03,723
This deforested farm is about
a month old, approximately.
257
00:24:03,842 --> 00:24:06,683
- One month?
- A month since they've knocked it down.
258
00:24:09,642 --> 00:24:14,683
This is the other facet of the Amazon.
I mean, it's the deforestation.
259
00:24:14,963 --> 00:24:19,802
So this image is...
you know, what I had to do.
260
00:24:20,162 --> 00:24:23,283
The other one is what I wanted to do
and this one is what I had to do.
261
00:24:25,723 --> 00:24:29,523
We are only 14 park rangers
262
00:24:29,683 --> 00:24:36,642
for a protected area
of 1,354,485.10 hectares.
263
00:24:39,923 --> 00:24:44,683
It's quite dangerous
because of illegal activities
264
00:24:44,763 --> 00:24:48,562
that exist in this protected area.
265
00:24:54,642 --> 00:24:56,443
I need it for the installation.
266
00:24:57,362 --> 00:24:58,362
It's very strong.
267
00:24:58,723 --> 00:25:02,402
First they cut down the trees
268
00:25:02,523 --> 00:25:05,683
and set them on fire
269
00:25:05,802 --> 00:25:10,043
to clear and then plant the coca plants.
270
00:25:10,243 --> 00:25:11,683
This?
271
00:25:15,243 --> 00:25:18,723
It's like walking in a cemetery,
272
00:25:19,683 --> 00:25:24,963
if you're coming from that life and
from that vitality and you end up here,
273
00:25:25,162 --> 00:25:28,122
it's not even like a burial ground.
It's just a dead zone.
274
00:25:33,923 --> 00:25:38,043
We've already had cases
of Shipibo-Conibo people
275
00:25:39,443 --> 00:25:45,683
who have been murdered
by coca growers, drug trafficking.
276
00:25:46,322 --> 00:25:48,483
It happens.
277
00:25:52,723 --> 00:25:56,763
A gun? No, it's not allowed.
278
00:25:57,483 --> 00:26:04,162
It’s very risky because we don't have
anything to defend ourselves.
279
00:26:12,523 --> 00:26:15,963
I think now if he gets the palms
to put on the sides to...
280
00:26:34,882 --> 00:26:38,763
What I saw there
it was a force under attack,
281
00:26:38,923 --> 00:26:42,842
the entire jungle is completely
under attack. It's like a war zone.
282
00:26:43,003 --> 00:26:47,043
You know, we have this sense
of the Amazon as being infinite,
283
00:26:47,963 --> 00:26:50,842
with this infinite capacity
to regenerate itself.
284
00:26:51,243 --> 00:26:56,443
But all of the incursions and the threats
that you're mapping in your work
285
00:26:56,642 --> 00:26:59,402
are really devastating
and really profound.
286
00:26:59,562 --> 00:27:03,243
And they really compromised
the ability of the Amazon...
287
00:27:03,402 --> 00:27:07,882
to renew, to refresh,
and to regenerate itself.
288
00:27:12,283 --> 00:27:16,523
There is a lot of pollution
in big countries
289
00:27:16,923 --> 00:27:21,362
and we are a buffer
against this pollution.
290
00:27:24,402 --> 00:27:28,882
Every person in every country,
all governments are called...
291
00:27:29,162 --> 00:27:34,443
to protect the forests we have.
292
00:27:38,402 --> 00:27:44,082
The scientists warn that if the planet
increases by three degrees Celsius...
293
00:27:44,203 --> 00:27:48,322
above pre-industrial levels
within the century, that could be fires,
294
00:27:48,443 --> 00:27:51,763
the kind we see in Australia
and in many other places.
295
00:28:00,203 --> 00:28:04,842
Scientists say the fires across Siberia,
fueled by abnormally high temperatures,
296
00:28:05,003 --> 00:28:07,243
are contributing to global warming.
297
00:28:07,402 --> 00:28:10,483
Russia has one fifth
of the world's forests.
298
00:28:10,963 --> 00:28:14,243
If they're burning,
the fallout is global.
299
00:28:17,683 --> 00:28:20,763
When I arrived in Baikal
there was already a drought,
300
00:28:21,082 --> 00:28:25,283
so that’s another thing that blew my mind,
is that there is drought in Siberia...
301
00:28:27,723 --> 00:28:31,122
A few days into our trip,
these huge fires exploded
302
00:28:31,483 --> 00:28:36,523
and they were so strong
that they actually affected the climate.
303
00:28:38,683 --> 00:28:40,322
It still smells like burning.
304
00:28:43,802 --> 00:28:45,723
I had to create an installation
305
00:28:45,882 --> 00:28:48,923
and there was nothing optimistic
about it.
306
00:28:51,602 --> 00:28:55,763
There were a few little yellow flowers
that were growing around,
307
00:28:56,203 --> 00:28:58,642
but I just couldn't put them
on the installation.
308
00:28:58,763 --> 00:29:03,483
There was nothing positive or good
or hopeful about that forest.
309
00:29:04,562 --> 00:29:08,283
Environmentalists now fear
it's reaching a tipping point.
310
00:29:08,963 --> 00:29:11,322
Everybody's talking
about tipping points these days.
311
00:29:11,483 --> 00:29:13,362
Can you really tell me
what this is about?
312
00:29:13,523 --> 00:29:17,642
The idea of a tipping point is that
once these thresholds are crossed,
313
00:29:17,723 --> 00:29:22,283
we expect there to be cascading effects
and feedback loops...
314
00:29:22,562 --> 00:29:25,802
that will drive
even more accelerated change.
315
00:29:28,322 --> 00:29:31,362
With the fires in Siberia,
316
00:29:31,483 --> 00:29:35,362
creating this warming and
accelerated melting of the permafrost...
317
00:29:35,562 --> 00:29:38,483
we have an accelerated cycle of warming,
318
00:29:38,562 --> 00:29:41,322
and then the ice just can't
take hold anymore.
319
00:29:42,723 --> 00:29:47,043
We're going through
the worst fires in the US ever,
320
00:29:47,122 --> 00:29:49,763
or in Siberia or even in the Amazon...
321
00:29:49,842 --> 00:29:52,723
Are those like feedback loops
of the tipping points?
322
00:29:52,923 --> 00:29:54,802
Is that the consequence
of the consequence?
323
00:29:55,122 --> 00:30:00,243
They are. They lead to really significant,
profound land surface changes.
324
00:30:00,562 --> 00:30:04,283
So all of these things
sort of cascade on themselves.
325
00:30:21,642 --> 00:30:24,402
What did you feel
when you came here after two years?
326
00:30:25,003 --> 00:30:28,683
This is one of my first experiences
of a great forest being burned.
327
00:30:28,842 --> 00:30:32,362
A burned forest, anthropogenically
burnt forest was here.
328
00:30:32,523 --> 00:30:35,283
And definitely I'll never forget.
329
00:30:45,562 --> 00:30:48,683
It feels like you can shoot
a horror movie here.
330
00:30:49,723 --> 00:30:51,523
And it was one of the most famous
331
00:30:51,602 --> 00:30:54,483
and one of the most beautiful
places around Baikal.
332
00:31:00,523 --> 00:31:02,842
And you know?
This way is more black.
333
00:31:06,523 --> 00:31:07,723
It's weird.
334
00:31:11,162 --> 00:31:14,562
Years ago, it was completely different.
It all was evergreen...
335
00:31:15,003 --> 00:31:17,763
and it happens because of us.
336
00:31:18,243 --> 00:31:21,003
Of course, forest fire
is something very natural
337
00:31:21,082 --> 00:31:24,763
and it happens just because of
a thunderstorm or something...
338
00:31:25,203 --> 00:31:30,402
But now it happens
like hundreds of times more frequently.
339
00:31:39,402 --> 00:31:43,402
While I was doing my exhibition in Moscow,
I decided to go to Siberia,
340
00:31:43,483 --> 00:31:45,243
I had always wanted to go there.
341
00:31:45,443 --> 00:31:48,802
It was one of those places
that had always fascinated me
342
00:31:49,003 --> 00:31:50,723
and especially lake Baikal.
343
00:31:55,043 --> 00:31:58,122
We got in touch with some activists
who are in Siberia...
344
00:31:58,322 --> 00:32:02,802
and who agreed to welcome me
and take me around...
345
00:32:02,923 --> 00:32:05,642
and start giving me
a sense of lake Baikal.
346
00:32:05,723 --> 00:32:08,122
Dasha was one of those people.
347
00:32:13,203 --> 00:32:15,602
Most of us living here...
348
00:32:16,322 --> 00:32:20,322
We define ourselves not that much
as Russians,
349
00:32:20,402 --> 00:32:22,122
but as Siberians.
350
00:32:25,602 --> 00:32:28,243
All the activists told me:
"You have to come back in the winter."
351
00:32:28,402 --> 00:32:31,642
"You can't understand Baikal
if you haven't seen the winter season."
352
00:32:31,842 --> 00:32:33,523
And they were right.
353
00:32:45,683 --> 00:32:46,882
Baikal?
354
00:32:47,283 --> 00:32:52,723
I would say that it's not only
the main water source for the planet,
355
00:32:53,402 --> 00:32:57,243
it's also a great energetic resource.
356
00:32:57,402 --> 00:33:00,322
I always put my hands in
and say like: "Hello, Father",
357
00:33:00,443 --> 00:33:03,203
like in this big meaning... yeah.
358
00:33:03,882 --> 00:33:05,243
And it actually helps.
359
00:33:07,402 --> 00:33:09,802
It shouldn't be like:
"let's not touch nature".
360
00:33:09,963 --> 00:33:13,443
Let's touch nature but in a smart way
so we actually conserve that.
361
00:33:13,963 --> 00:33:17,322
Sometimes people
do something bad for the nature
362
00:33:17,402 --> 00:33:19,322
not because they don't care,
363
00:33:19,402 --> 00:33:21,402
but because they haven't
thought about that.
364
00:33:21,602 --> 00:33:23,723
And when you actually explain,
365
00:33:23,923 --> 00:33:25,443
when you actually
give them the message,
366
00:33:25,523 --> 00:33:28,882
you change the world
with a very slight movement.
367
00:33:34,402 --> 00:33:38,802
At the end I can put
a little wild herbs around it.
368
00:33:38,923 --> 00:33:40,203
Smell this one...
369
00:33:40,642 --> 00:33:41,683
I love it!
370
00:33:47,963 --> 00:33:50,802
That’s great!
Yeah a little bit more on the side.
371
00:33:52,122 --> 00:33:53,402
Yeah, yeah, beautiful.
372
00:34:36,323 --> 00:34:39,602
Around the world, stronger storms
and more intense droughts
373
00:34:39,722 --> 00:34:43,642
will create humanitarian crises
and risk more conflict.
374
00:34:43,843 --> 00:34:46,561
Climate change
has a potential to exacerbate...
375
00:34:46,762 --> 00:34:49,242
many of the challenges
the world already confronts...
376
00:34:49,483 --> 00:34:53,003
For instance it can intensify competition
for natural resources,
377
00:34:53,242 --> 00:34:56,363
drive up food prices
and increase geopolitical tensions.
378
00:34:58,082 --> 00:35:02,403
Governments recognize
that they need to factor in the risks...
379
00:35:02,483 --> 00:35:06,762
associated with climate change
and alter their operations accordingly.
380
00:35:06,843 --> 00:35:09,363
Are you saying to me
that all the navies around the planet...
381
00:35:09,523 --> 00:35:12,043
are already adapting to climate change?
382
00:35:12,323 --> 00:35:14,523
Well, they have to be
to be resilient, yeah.
383
00:35:17,843 --> 00:35:20,843
Fresh water will be in short supply
in the future,
384
00:35:20,963 --> 00:35:23,562
and it already is
in some regions in the world.
385
00:35:24,562 --> 00:35:26,282
This is going to be one of the most,
386
00:35:26,843 --> 00:35:29,883
if not the most valuable resource
on the planet.
387
00:35:30,162 --> 00:35:33,003
As water becomes scarcer,
people get more aggressive...
388
00:35:33,122 --> 00:35:36,162
in protecting their water rights.
The fight over who gets to use...
389
00:35:36,363 --> 00:35:39,602
the world's water has been
a long, ongoing battle.
390
00:35:59,602 --> 00:36:02,682
This lake is over
30 million years old.
391
00:36:02,803 --> 00:36:05,122
It's the most old lake
in the world.
392
00:36:05,242 --> 00:36:07,923
The most big and the purest.
393
00:36:08,003 --> 00:36:12,162
They say that with the water of Baikal
you could give water, drinking water
394
00:36:12,242 --> 00:36:15,162
to the entire planet
for at least over a year.
395
00:36:15,562 --> 00:36:18,843
Only on the last maybe
couple of years I mean,
396
00:36:18,963 --> 00:36:21,523
locals start to realize what we have.
397
00:36:21,682 --> 00:36:24,323
Because more and more
we can see...
398
00:36:24,403 --> 00:36:28,363
in the media and news that people
are suffering without just water.
399
00:36:28,562 --> 00:36:31,162
The water is just... Gone.
400
00:36:35,923 --> 00:36:38,562
Our small movement become huge
for all of us.
401
00:36:40,323 --> 00:36:42,803
So, yeah, of course, we start
to appreciate the clean water.
402
00:36:42,883 --> 00:36:44,483
We start to fight for clean water.
403
00:36:44,562 --> 00:36:47,562
We start to scream like -
"We need to save Lake Baikal!"
404
00:36:47,883 --> 00:36:49,883
A lot of people become an activist
405
00:36:49,963 --> 00:36:54,602
even like making a post on Instagram
or Facebook or something.
406
00:36:54,963 --> 00:36:57,202
Maybe it's the first step to do more.
407
00:37:00,923 --> 00:37:03,043
I'm drinking water
from the Lake Baikal.
408
00:37:03,162 --> 00:37:06,082
This is Lake Baikal water
directly from the lake.
409
00:37:06,363 --> 00:37:08,003
And I want my sons to do the same.
410
00:37:08,122 --> 00:37:09,923
So it's really important for me.
411
00:37:11,082 --> 00:37:12,483
Could it become a militarized zone?
412
00:37:12,602 --> 00:37:14,363
I mean,
could this become blue gold?
413
00:37:14,443 --> 00:37:16,762
Could it be that people
will not want to share it?
414
00:37:16,923 --> 00:37:20,923
So there is research that suggests
that conflicts are instigated
415
00:37:21,003 --> 00:37:24,282
and magnified
by resource constrictions,
416
00:37:24,963 --> 00:37:27,523
and that water will be a flashpoint.
417
00:37:36,003 --> 00:37:38,963
I have some climate science colleagues
that say
418
00:37:39,202 --> 00:37:43,202
they're less worried about the changes
that the planet is undergoing
419
00:37:43,443 --> 00:37:48,082
and they're most worried about the changes
that it could bring out in people.
420
00:38:06,963 --> 00:38:10,082
In the Himalayas, countries
are already fighting over glaciers,
421
00:38:10,363 --> 00:38:13,403
I think we all need to understand
that the solution to this...
422
00:38:13,562 --> 00:38:17,282
is not trying to have bigger controls
on supply of natural resources,
423
00:38:17,523 --> 00:38:20,963
but learning how to use it
controllably and ethically.
424
00:38:41,162 --> 00:38:44,282
These are the fields of the 15 houses
of Samdzong, right?
425
00:38:44,843 --> 00:38:47,602
And since this year,
they have abandoned all the fields.
426
00:38:47,923 --> 00:38:50,523
All the fields you see around
have been abandoned.
427
00:38:59,162 --> 00:39:01,843
So this village has been here
for over a thousand years,
428
00:39:02,043 --> 00:39:05,562
and now it's going to have to move
because of lack of water, is that correct?
429
00:39:05,682 --> 00:39:07,483
That's a result of the glaciers drying,
430
00:39:07,562 --> 00:39:10,923
which is a result of the Earth
that is warming
431
00:39:11,162 --> 00:39:12,843
due to things that we're doing, so...
432
00:39:15,242 --> 00:39:17,162
And this is happening
all over the Himalaya?
433
00:39:17,282 --> 00:39:19,762
Totally.
The people of Samdzong...
434
00:39:19,843 --> 00:39:22,562
are one of the first climate refugees
in all of the Himalayas.
435
00:39:22,803 --> 00:39:25,363
It's a reality
that they're forced to undertake.
436
00:39:25,642 --> 00:39:28,523
You know, so, for them,
it's just absolutely forced migration
437
00:39:28,682 --> 00:39:32,523
brought about by a problem they don't know
why or how to solve.
438
00:39:32,803 --> 00:39:34,242
So, it's a global crisis.
439
00:39:42,122 --> 00:39:46,363
It's all empty excep
for our house and a few others.
440
00:39:46,523 --> 00:39:50,082
We are like refugees now.
441
00:39:50,162 --> 00:39:56,602
We know that we cannot block
the changing weather.
442
00:40:03,883 --> 00:40:09,483
They've been able to rely on the seasonal
water cycle of the planet for generations
443
00:40:10,642 --> 00:40:12,242
and it's treated them well.
444
00:40:12,602 --> 00:40:14,323
- Yeah, until now.
- Until now.
445
00:40:17,562 --> 00:40:22,003
And they have almost
no impact on our planet.
446
00:40:22,082 --> 00:40:24,843
They bring cow dung
to heat themselves.
447
00:40:26,323 --> 00:40:29,602
This historical millennial village
is disappearing.
448
00:40:29,803 --> 00:40:31,443
How does that make you feel?
449
00:40:31,642 --> 00:40:36,003
I just also feel like somehow,
we are all to share the blame
450
00:40:36,602 --> 00:40:38,082
and like these people the least,
451
00:40:38,323 --> 00:40:41,403
because they're the least contributors,
but the most affected, so...
452
00:40:41,682 --> 00:40:43,803
But they're on the edge,
so they have to leave.
453
00:40:47,682 --> 00:40:51,963
What's the biggest problem
overpopulation or living sustainably?
454
00:40:52,202 --> 00:40:54,523
If you take that area in Nepal,
455
00:40:54,642 --> 00:40:58,003
you compare that
with an area like New York City,
456
00:40:58,202 --> 00:41:03,883
that has magnitudes more consumption
than the whole of Nepal,
457
00:41:03,963 --> 00:41:06,122
which has just like a fraction of that...
458
00:41:06,323 --> 00:41:10,762
Do you mean an entire country like
Nepal has a lower consumption footprint...
459
00:41:11,122 --> 00:41:12,562
- than Manhattan?
- Yes.
460
00:41:12,642 --> 00:41:16,483
Massive disparities in consumption
patterns between different regions.
461
00:41:19,082 --> 00:41:21,122
You know, this concept of overshoot day,
462
00:41:21,282 --> 00:41:24,923
so midway through the year
we’ve consumed
463
00:41:25,122 --> 00:41:29,162
what we could sustainably
manage to consume...
464
00:41:29,242 --> 00:41:32,963
for the whole year in order
to live and allow it to regenerate.
465
00:41:33,843 --> 00:41:37,483
In the global north we often are told...
466
00:41:37,602 --> 00:41:41,602
that we have unlimited,
boundless resources.
467
00:41:42,403 --> 00:41:47,082
Is that really a message
that we want to be giving and receiving?
468
00:41:57,762 --> 00:42:00,963
I think they understood
why I was there,
469
00:42:01,963 --> 00:42:04,242
and they wanted to make sure
470
00:42:04,483 --> 00:42:08,883
that I was able to transmit
who they were and what they are.
471
00:42:09,082 --> 00:42:13,122
And I think that these carved mantras
is probably one of the strongest things.
472
00:42:20,003 --> 00:42:23,003
- It's carved with these mantras.
- Beautiful, let's put in the front.
473
00:42:23,963 --> 00:42:28,162
So that's a very strong symbol
for warding off evil spirits
474
00:42:28,602 --> 00:42:31,043
and praying for victory to the gods.
475
00:42:34,082 --> 00:42:36,762
And they told me it was okay for me
to use them for my installation.
476
00:42:36,843 --> 00:42:40,523
And that was something
that really blew my mind
477
00:42:40,642 --> 00:42:43,642
because in my religion,
you don't touch anything that's sacred.
478
00:42:43,722 --> 00:42:48,003
You can't really share it and you
have to just look at it and honor it.
479
00:42:56,642 --> 00:42:58,043
Time is ticking.
480
00:42:58,642 --> 00:42:59,883
Time is ticking.
481
00:43:07,122 --> 00:43:11,403
And all those carved mantras
are going to stay in Samdzong
482
00:43:12,122 --> 00:43:13,762
and they're going to leave.
483
00:43:20,202 --> 00:43:23,082
I think that the crisis
that Samdzong is facing now
484
00:43:23,242 --> 00:43:27,803
is something that each of us
are somehow responsible for.
485
00:43:27,883 --> 00:43:33,082
Everyone else will have to go through
what Samdzong is going through today.
486
00:43:38,923 --> 00:43:42,363
More than one billion people
could be displaced by the year 2050,
487
00:43:42,483 --> 00:43:45,323
according to a new analysis
of global ecological threats.
488
00:43:45,523 --> 00:43:49,762
Those areas are expected to expand
across one fifth of the planet
489
00:43:50,003 --> 00:43:51,883
in the next half century.
490
00:43:54,443 --> 00:44:01,323
North Africa is one of the areas that has
projected the strongest migration patterns
491
00:44:01,443 --> 00:44:08,323
and the loss of water and water supply
will drive many people to leave that area.
492
00:44:12,363 --> 00:44:16,483
I met quite a few refugees,
both in Lampedusa and in North Africa.
493
00:44:16,682 --> 00:44:18,323
They're anonymous mostly.
494
00:44:19,923 --> 00:44:23,923
I can't even say where I was
in North Africa. We weren't there legally.
495
00:44:24,562 --> 00:44:27,162
We kept on going, on and on.
496
00:44:27,883 --> 00:44:30,602
We were really tired,
but we kept on going.
497
00:44:31,762 --> 00:44:34,363
It's deadly,
but you don't have a choice.
498
00:44:34,523 --> 00:44:37,803
You have to reach the destination
you are thinking.
499
00:44:39,403 --> 00:44:44,722
Another impact of climate change is global
migration, like we've never seen before.
500
00:44:44,883 --> 00:44:47,162
It's going to require us
to think about,
501
00:44:47,242 --> 00:44:49,642
to rethink how we think about
502
00:44:49,843 --> 00:44:56,122
what security, safety, human rights
are in an environment
503
00:44:56,202 --> 00:44:59,682
where so many people are displaced.
504
00:45:02,883 --> 00:45:06,602
I started going to Lampedusa almost
right at the beginning of my project,
505
00:45:06,762 --> 00:45:09,883
because the European island
is the closest to North Africa
506
00:45:09,963 --> 00:45:11,883
and that's where
a lot of people arrive.
507
00:45:11,963 --> 00:45:13,883
This was before
the refugee crisis started.
508
00:45:13,963 --> 00:45:16,242
And every year it just got worse.
509
00:45:18,602 --> 00:45:23,282
In a desert or something like that,
there is no policeman, there is no rule.
510
00:45:23,363 --> 00:45:26,963
Human being and a chicken is
the same for them.
511
00:45:29,242 --> 00:45:32,963
I met five men who stopped me
and raped me.
512
00:45:33,403 --> 00:45:35,122
All five of them.
513
00:45:37,602 --> 00:45:39,923
We suffer, we all suffer...
514
00:45:40,682 --> 00:45:43,043
but women suffer the most.
515
00:45:44,963 --> 00:45:49,883
What shocked me the most was the rape,
and then this child...
516
00:45:51,082 --> 00:45:52,363
What's his name?
517
00:45:52,762 --> 00:45:56,082
He doesn't have a name yet.
I don't have a name for him.
518
00:45:58,282 --> 00:45:59,562
I don't know...
519
00:45:59,883 --> 00:46:01,323
We are just here.
520
00:46:05,523 --> 00:46:06,602
I love him.
521
00:46:10,003 --> 00:46:11,363
He is innocent.
522
00:46:13,642 --> 00:46:15,082
This is Lampedusa, right?
523
00:46:17,043 --> 00:46:19,843
I had brought it to Brussels.
524
00:46:20,122 --> 00:46:23,242
People kept saying "it doesn't work"
or "I don't like it"...
525
00:46:23,363 --> 00:46:29,162
but they can't really explain why...
What does it mean "it doesn't work"?
526
00:46:29,242 --> 00:46:33,602
Nobody wants to talk about refugees.
527
00:46:33,843 --> 00:46:37,803
Nobody wants to see the problem,
that is the truth.
528
00:46:38,242 --> 00:46:40,762
This is the purpose of my work,
529
00:46:40,843 --> 00:46:47,483
even if I create artistic compositions
there is also a documentative aspect.
530
00:46:47,602 --> 00:46:49,523
This is what I found there.
531
00:46:49,722 --> 00:46:51,562
This is what I saw there.
532
00:46:51,642 --> 00:46:56,403
There is no will to understand
nor to evaluate the image
533
00:46:56,602 --> 00:46:59,242
because it corresponds to something
they don't like.
534
00:47:01,883 --> 00:47:08,722
Art in all its forms right now
has an extra duty, like a civic duty
535
00:47:09,122 --> 00:47:12,082
to remind us of who we are,
536
00:47:12,523 --> 00:47:15,682
where we belong
and what our roots are
537
00:47:15,762 --> 00:47:18,363
and what we've been able
to achieve,
538
00:47:18,443 --> 00:47:20,883
and therefore
what we can still achieve.
539
00:47:25,122 --> 00:47:26,722
And art can do that.
540
00:48:03,202 --> 00:48:07,242
Most of the time, our eyes stop
at the first layer of the ocean
541
00:48:07,403 --> 00:48:09,722
and already that one is able
to make us dream.
542
00:48:11,722 --> 00:48:15,202
- Hello!
- Being in the bottom of the sea.
543
00:48:18,843 --> 00:48:22,003
But there is so much more
beneath that layer.
544
00:48:22,082 --> 00:48:27,363
Imagine that 80% of all living species
live in the marine environment.
545
00:48:27,642 --> 00:48:33,323
And the ocean actually covers
71% of the Earth's surface.
546
00:48:37,963 --> 00:48:42,363
So our planet that is called planet Earth,
but should be called planet Ocean.
547
00:48:46,323 --> 00:48:52,562
Those animals, those marine creatures,
can be really a catalyst for change,
548
00:48:52,722 --> 00:48:57,642
but this is the most important lesson
that we should learn from aquarium.
549
00:49:01,282 --> 00:49:03,483
Mariasole and I met
at the United Nations.
550
00:49:03,642 --> 00:49:07,523
I was a speaker for World Oceans Day
and she was the moderator.
551
00:49:08,323 --> 00:49:10,242
She's a marine biologist in Italy.
552
00:49:10,843 --> 00:49:12,963
In the context of climate change,
553
00:49:13,202 --> 00:49:18,043
it is going to require us
to do things really differently.
554
00:49:20,722 --> 00:49:24,562
How does it make you feel personally
to see the state of the ocean?
555
00:49:24,923 --> 00:49:27,122
Witnessing the state of the ocean
556
00:49:27,523 --> 00:49:33,202
and knowing what I cannot see
with my eyes, makes me sad.
557
00:49:35,242 --> 00:49:39,363
I am responsible,
as an individual, as a citizen,
558
00:49:39,523 --> 00:49:43,122
as a marine biologist, as someone
that works in marine conservation,
559
00:49:43,202 --> 00:49:45,242
to talk about these issues,
560
00:49:45,403 --> 00:49:49,562
to make people aware
that something major is happening,
561
00:49:49,642 --> 00:49:53,883
but we still have time to turn the tide.
562
00:49:54,082 --> 00:49:57,483
Oceans are stressed at levels
they have rarely been before,
563
00:49:57,602 --> 00:50:00,363
and it could have
grave consequences for all of us:
564
00:50:00,523 --> 00:50:03,242
dying coral reefs
and chemical pollution.
565
00:50:03,562 --> 00:50:06,803
Scientists say some of these changes
are happening faster than predicted.
566
00:50:06,923 --> 00:50:10,403
Abundance of plastics
filling the oceans and landfills...
567
00:50:10,483 --> 00:50:13,363
and in places on Earth
that even humans don't occupy.
568
00:50:13,443 --> 00:50:16,363
The combination of these stresses
could lead us...
569
00:50:16,443 --> 00:50:20,043
to a mass extinction
of multiple marine species.
570
00:50:21,762 --> 00:50:27,762
Every year, about 8 to 10 million tons
of plastic enter the ocean.
571
00:50:27,843 --> 00:50:30,242
And it does this through rivers.
572
00:50:32,843 --> 00:50:39,602
95% of all the plastic that enters
the ocean sinks after five months.
573
00:50:41,282 --> 00:50:45,602
Somewhere that is like
yet to be explored by us
574
00:50:45,762 --> 00:50:50,003
is already touched by us
through plastic pollution.
575
00:50:54,323 --> 00:51:00,803
I was diving
and suddenly this current came through
576
00:51:01,843 --> 00:51:04,923
and I saw all these jellyfish.
577
00:51:09,082 --> 00:51:13,043
I started to try and avoid them,
and then one of them touched me.
578
00:51:13,162 --> 00:51:15,202
I backed off.
579
00:51:15,323 --> 00:51:18,043
It wasn't a jellyfish,
it was a piece of plastic.
580
00:51:23,323 --> 00:51:28,483
Those pieces also absorb
external chemicals...
581
00:51:28,642 --> 00:51:32,363
that are already in the ocean,
like pesticide,
582
00:51:32,602 --> 00:51:38,682
but also all the odors and smells
that you can find in the ocean.
583
00:51:40,602 --> 00:51:44,602
What happens is that
for fish and other marine creatures,
584
00:51:44,682 --> 00:51:49,363
plastic looks like food
and smells like food.
585
00:51:50,483 --> 00:51:56,483
There was this piece of pink plastic
and it was exactly as the jellyfish,
586
00:51:56,923 --> 00:52:02,843
and I tied this tiny miniature hourglass
around the piece of plastic
587
00:52:03,043 --> 00:52:06,242
and then I took my smallest vanity,
my smallest skull,
588
00:52:06,323 --> 00:52:11,963
and I wrapped that around
the other part of the piece of plastic
589
00:52:12,483 --> 00:52:15,762
and then suddenly it just looked like
the scary mermaid.
590
00:52:22,122 --> 00:52:26,602
Hundreds of hundreds
of marine mammals die every year
591
00:52:26,722 --> 00:52:29,443
because they have been eating plastic.
592
00:52:30,883 --> 00:52:34,003
This pilot whale is stranded
and starving to death.
593
00:52:35,162 --> 00:52:38,363
It cannot eat
because its stomach is full of plastic.
594
00:52:41,363 --> 00:52:45,242
The human race,
humankind in the whole world,
595
00:52:45,323 --> 00:52:49,883
we drink over one million
plastic bottles every minute,
596
00:52:51,043 --> 00:52:55,443
and just 8% gets correctly recycled.
597
00:52:56,963 --> 00:53:03,003
The plastic production is foreseen
to increase by 40% in the next decade.
598
00:53:03,562 --> 00:53:10,202
I think that we still need to work a lot
in order to change our behavior...
599
00:53:10,363 --> 00:53:16,082
and approach to something, a material,
that is made to last forever.
600
00:53:19,682 --> 00:53:22,602
This is when the TimeShrine
is just disappearing,
601
00:53:22,762 --> 00:53:26,483
because now we're entering into
this new anthropogenic moment
602
00:53:26,562 --> 00:53:29,122
of what our oceans look like now.
603
00:53:31,602 --> 00:53:33,722
I have to find a different type
of message.
604
00:53:35,003 --> 00:53:36,762
I have to show you something different.
605
00:53:37,242 --> 00:53:39,602
I have to show you
what our planet is becoming.
606
00:53:39,762 --> 00:53:42,162
I have to show you
how much it's changed.
607
00:53:53,843 --> 00:53:56,803
People are still discussing
in the global north
608
00:53:56,963 --> 00:53:59,483
whether we're going through
the Anthropocene or not.
609
00:53:59,642 --> 00:54:01,963
And so many people don't even know
what it means.
610
00:54:02,122 --> 00:54:08,722
It's this period of time of rapid change
in the environmental conditions.
611
00:54:30,282 --> 00:54:33,242
I started discovering the destruction
by going to these locations,
612
00:54:33,562 --> 00:54:35,043
I wasn't expecting it.
613
00:54:37,282 --> 00:54:41,363
It was a little bit the other way around,
really like going to these locations,
614
00:54:41,562 --> 00:54:44,523
hoping to create beautiful installations
615
00:54:44,602 --> 00:54:48,443
and realizing that I couldn't,
because all I was finding there was trash.
616
00:54:50,523 --> 00:54:53,803
If I didn't know about it,
probably most people didn't either.
617
00:55:01,043 --> 00:55:05,682
So humans are the dominant drivers
in this new era that we're in.
618
00:55:05,803 --> 00:55:07,682
And so that touches all kinds of things.
619
00:55:07,762 --> 00:55:10,282
The way that we're modifying
our environment,
620
00:55:10,443 --> 00:55:15,162
the way that we're consuming,
the way that we're disposing of things.
621
00:55:15,363 --> 00:55:19,282
The largest emissions introduced
into the atmosphere
622
00:55:19,443 --> 00:55:22,043
happened over the last 50 years,
623
00:55:22,242 --> 00:55:25,883
I mean, that is just a compressed
time frame of change
624
00:55:26,082 --> 00:55:28,602
and these poor species,
I mean, how do they keep up?
625
00:55:28,682 --> 00:55:30,762
How could they possibly
keep up with that?
626
00:55:41,762 --> 00:55:45,523
And then there was a shift
in my mind, in my spirit,
627
00:55:45,923 --> 00:55:49,003
about what our legacy
was going to be about.
628
00:55:50,323 --> 00:55:52,403
Was our archeology going to be trash?
629
00:55:54,363 --> 00:55:56,682
Is that what our civilization is?
630
00:55:59,602 --> 00:56:03,363
Are we going to be remembered for trash?
631
00:56:13,162 --> 00:56:17,162
All the plastic that was ever produced
still exists
632
00:56:17,602 --> 00:56:21,202
because it just breaks down
into smaller pieces,
633
00:56:21,282 --> 00:56:24,162
but it stays.
It does not biodegrade.
634
00:56:24,443 --> 00:56:29,722
And when it breaks down into pieces
that are smaller than five millimeters,
635
00:56:29,803 --> 00:56:33,803
it's called micro plastic.
And recent studies prove
636
00:56:33,883 --> 00:56:40,403
that basically we ingest
five grams of plastic each week,
637
00:56:40,562 --> 00:56:46,122
which is the equivalent
of a credit card every week.
638
00:56:59,082 --> 00:57:01,762
We went to Norway,
639
00:57:02,523 --> 00:57:05,242
we went to Patagonia,
640
00:57:05,363 --> 00:57:07,963
we went to a glacier
near Santiago de Chile...
641
00:57:08,282 --> 00:57:10,762
- Also to Mount Kenya?
- Yes, also to Mount Kenya.
642
00:57:10,923 --> 00:57:13,762
And that was the last expedition we did.
643
00:57:18,162 --> 00:57:20,403
I met Roberto Ambrosini through Mariasole
644
00:57:20,523 --> 00:57:25,082
because both are studying microplastics,
her in the ocean and him in glaciers,
645
00:57:25,202 --> 00:57:27,722
and this is where the voice of science
is important
646
00:57:27,923 --> 00:57:31,323
and where collaboration
between different specialties,
647
00:57:31,403 --> 00:57:36,122
whether it's through art, through science,
through engineering or whatever,
648
00:57:36,202 --> 00:57:39,363
we all have to come together
to talk about these things.
649
00:57:41,242 --> 00:57:44,122
The first and only scientific
demonstration so far...
650
00:57:44,242 --> 00:57:47,202
of microplastic contamination
in a glacial environment
651
00:57:47,363 --> 00:57:50,122
is the work we did on the Forni glacier.
652
00:57:50,323 --> 00:57:53,562
If you want to understand the amount
of contaminants of an area,
653
00:57:53,642 --> 00:57:56,883
glaciers are the right place to go.
654
00:57:57,122 --> 00:58:00,443
Is plastic contamination aerial?
655
00:58:00,523 --> 00:58:03,523
Yes, on glaciers it arrives
mainly by air.
656
00:58:03,682 --> 00:58:06,523
Plastic is transported from cities,
657
00:58:06,642 --> 00:58:09,043
from down valley
and arrives on the glaciers.
658
00:58:09,242 --> 00:58:13,843
So this is already a good selection,
imagine downstream, in our cities...
659
00:58:14,082 --> 00:58:16,523
In our cities there is much more.
660
00:58:16,722 --> 00:58:19,562
So we all breathe microplastics every day.
661
00:58:19,642 --> 00:58:21,242
Yes, every day.
662
00:58:22,963 --> 00:58:25,963
Microplastic particles
have been revealed in the placenta...
663
00:58:26,043 --> 00:58:28,722
of unborn babies for the first time.
664
00:58:28,923 --> 00:58:33,403
The particles are likely to have been
consumed or breathed in by the mother.
665
00:58:36,762 --> 00:58:39,443
We need time to find the solutions,
666
00:58:39,843 --> 00:58:42,122
and the problem is
that we're running out of time.
667
00:58:42,602 --> 00:58:46,443
Glaciers are like
these extreme environments,
668
00:58:46,562 --> 00:58:51,282
and so within extreme environments
exist bacterias and microbes
669
00:58:51,363 --> 00:58:56,483
and a whole world of elements
that don't exist anywhere else,
670
00:58:56,602 --> 00:59:00,602
and perhaps have the strength of,
for example, eating the microplastic...
671
00:59:00,682 --> 00:59:02,923
or destroying it.
672
00:59:03,122 --> 00:59:06,323
But they're disappearing, they're melting.
673
00:59:07,242 --> 00:59:11,162
And we have to cover them up
with these intelligent materials,
674
00:59:12,523 --> 00:59:16,523
not to prevent them from melting,
but only to slow it down.
675
00:59:21,363 --> 00:59:25,082
Can we still talk about mitigation
or are we just...
676
00:59:25,162 --> 00:59:28,443
already in full blown adaptation?
That's just the way it's going to be.
677
00:59:29,043 --> 00:59:30,682
The reality is we need it all.
678
00:59:31,003 --> 00:59:34,363
We need to be doing mitigation.
We need to reduce our emissions.
679
00:59:34,523 --> 00:59:37,162
We need to be drawing down
our emissions...
680
00:59:37,403 --> 00:59:40,963
at the same time
that we're rapidly adapting.
681
00:59:42,562 --> 00:59:45,202
The scale of the challenges
is so immense
682
00:59:45,363 --> 00:59:50,722
that it's going to take all of our systems
adapting to sustain our life
683
00:59:50,843 --> 00:59:56,883
not just for humans, but for all the range
of different creatures on the planet.
684
01:00:08,122 --> 01:00:11,602
But there are a range of different ways
to address adaptation:
685
01:00:11,843 --> 01:00:16,642
from barriers, from walls,
which are very strong interventions,
686
01:00:16,843 --> 01:00:18,722
to more passive interventions
687
01:00:18,843 --> 01:00:22,843
like more terrace structures that
allow the water to flow and then recede
688
01:00:24,722 --> 01:00:27,363
but still provide some protection.
689
01:00:28,923 --> 01:00:32,883
This facility was created
to protect this area
690
01:00:32,963 --> 01:00:37,443
from flood damage
which is a huge problem here.
691
01:00:37,523 --> 01:00:41,082
When all the little rivers
are about to overflow,
692
01:00:41,162 --> 01:00:45,803
this will be the place that ensures
the safety and security of the people
693
01:00:45,883 --> 01:00:50,443
by taking all the excess water
and draining it to the big river Edogawa.
694
01:01:03,202 --> 01:01:08,282
That was really important for me:
to discover that concept,
695
01:01:08,883 --> 01:01:11,762
the fact that we were geologically
affecting our planet.
696
01:01:11,883 --> 01:01:14,762
And it was the first time
in the history of our planet.
697
01:01:15,122 --> 01:01:18,003
And the fact that we were
a geological force,
698
01:01:18,082 --> 01:01:23,202
that was something that really pushed me
in my project even more,
699
01:01:23,242 --> 01:01:26,403
because obviously, if we were being
a negative geological force,
700
01:01:26,483 --> 01:01:29,082
we could also become
a positive geological force.
701
01:01:42,162 --> 01:01:46,682
My work for
the “Jóvenes por Xcalak” group...
702
01:01:47,242 --> 01:01:50,963
is monitoring snails, lobsters,
703
01:01:51,043 --> 01:01:54,682
turtles, lionfish and reefs.
704
01:01:58,363 --> 01:02:04,323
We also look for turtles
caught in fishing nets
705
01:02:04,403 --> 01:02:08,043
and we set them free.
706
01:02:08,963 --> 01:02:14,602
We are an example because we're protecting
species from extinction.
707
01:02:28,403 --> 01:02:32,443
"Jóvenes por Xcalak" is a great example
of community science.
708
01:02:35,602 --> 01:02:37,803
We take measurements,
709
01:02:38,443 --> 01:02:41,883
we take blood samples
that can be analyzed...
710
01:02:42,722 --> 01:02:47,722
They are bringing all these data
to the scientific platform
711
01:02:47,803 --> 01:02:50,282
and this is real data,
because they have...
712
01:02:50,443 --> 01:02:54,363
the local knowledge of the places
where they can do this monitoring.
713
01:03:05,523 --> 01:03:07,003
What is the future?
714
01:03:07,082 --> 01:03:10,003
I would love to see our reefs preserved
715
01:03:10,082 --> 01:03:13,363
as we have them now,
they are so beautiful.
716
01:03:13,642 --> 01:03:17,883
I am one of the people
that is taking care of nature.
717
01:03:18,282 --> 01:03:24,483
We as "Jóvenes por Xcalak"
conserve our planet,
718
01:03:24,602 --> 01:03:27,722
we have to transmit to our children...
719
01:03:27,843 --> 01:03:31,202
the knowledge of how
to take care of our planet
720
01:03:31,363 --> 01:03:34,162
because we only have one planet,
we don't have another.
721
01:03:54,443 --> 01:03:58,562
In addition to monitoring,
we raise awareness in schools
722
01:03:59,043 --> 01:04:06,003
and we transmit the importance
of taking care of the environment.
723
01:04:06,883 --> 01:04:11,323
As a mother I teach my daughters
to preserve our species,
724
01:04:11,803 --> 01:04:16,642
because I know them
and I would like them to keep reproducing
725
01:04:16,722 --> 01:04:18,843
so my daughters get to know them...
726
01:04:18,963 --> 01:04:21,323
and that their children
get to know them too.
727
01:04:25,443 --> 01:04:27,562
Normally we think that...
728
01:04:27,642 --> 01:04:30,082
we go to the communities
and teach them something,
729
01:04:30,202 --> 01:04:32,363
and now there's a community
going out of the community
730
01:04:32,483 --> 01:04:35,043
and teach the youth in the city...
731
01:04:35,162 --> 01:04:39,803
what is happening in terms
of conservation at the local level.
732
01:04:39,923 --> 01:04:42,762
But you were a "Jovenes" yourself.
733
01:04:42,843 --> 01:04:46,323
I mean, this is where you started.
So this is you 10 years later.
734
01:04:54,803 --> 01:04:59,722
I started here when I was 18 years old
as an environmental educator.
735
01:05:00,043 --> 01:05:03,043
My work at the United Nations
is representing...
736
01:05:03,122 --> 01:05:06,403
an international
nongovernmental organization.
737
01:05:06,562 --> 01:05:09,162
I am there to raise
the voice of the community
738
01:05:09,323 --> 01:05:11,403
and to bring the voices
of communities,
739
01:05:11,483 --> 01:05:14,602
to bring the reality
of what's happening on the ground
740
01:05:14,963 --> 01:05:17,443
to the global vision.
741
01:05:20,403 --> 01:05:25,082
What surprised me about Lili was
her determination.
742
01:05:26,562 --> 01:05:28,363
She’s from a very young age,
743
01:05:28,562 --> 01:05:31,602
had to deal herself with people
coming in and drug dealers
744
01:05:31,722 --> 01:05:34,443
because Mexico has its issues.
745
01:05:34,523 --> 01:05:37,963
And she was confronted
to a very rough reality.
746
01:05:42,562 --> 01:05:44,642
Yeah, negotiations can be tough.
747
01:05:44,762 --> 01:05:49,242
It can be frustrating...
but we are there with a purpose.
748
01:05:51,443 --> 01:05:53,803
Thinking about Xcalak makes me...
749
01:05:54,403 --> 01:05:55,963
Helps me to keep up and...
750
01:05:56,282 --> 01:05:58,963
knowing that there
we are looking for solutions.
751
01:06:01,722 --> 01:06:07,883
Xcalak absolutely made me belong
to this planet, belong to this Earth.
752
01:06:08,443 --> 01:06:09,923
I'm amazed by its beauty,
753
01:06:10,363 --> 01:06:15,162
but also about the fragility
and the social situation.
754
01:06:26,443 --> 01:06:29,602
Coming back and seeing
that amount of sargassum.
755
01:06:30,242 --> 01:06:31,523
That was really shocking.
756
01:06:33,323 --> 01:06:37,282
That tells you that something is wrong,
something is happening.
757
01:06:40,803 --> 01:06:44,682
That's what shocked me the most
when we arrived in Xcalak,
758
01:06:44,762 --> 01:06:47,242
is that we actually smelt
the sargassum seaweed
759
01:06:47,323 --> 01:06:49,363
before we actually saw it.
760
01:06:49,523 --> 01:06:51,202
And then you get to the beach.
761
01:06:52,162 --> 01:06:54,602
And it is just everywhere.
There's no white sand.
762
01:06:58,043 --> 01:07:01,403
Sargassum is a natural ecosystem
floating in the water,
763
01:07:01,483 --> 01:07:05,642
and it actually has
its own endemic species on it
764
01:07:06,762 --> 01:07:10,923
but having a lot of it
is really causing problems.
765
01:07:11,762 --> 01:07:16,923
It’s definitely something changing
in the environment, in the ocean...
766
01:07:17,003 --> 01:07:20,803
So the activities that we do
on land affect the ocean.
767
01:07:21,122 --> 01:07:24,722
The nutrients come in the water system,
the river system,
768
01:07:24,843 --> 01:07:29,202
all these irrigates to the ocean
and it affects.
769
01:07:32,602 --> 01:07:38,082
Sargassum is affecting us women
economically as we work in tourism
770
01:07:38,202 --> 01:07:44,082
because of the bad smell
and at the same time it ruins our things.
771
01:08:02,122 --> 01:08:04,043
This was an incredible collaboration.
772
01:08:04,242 --> 01:08:07,562
I've never done such a big collaboration
with so many people.
773
01:08:07,682 --> 01:08:12,122
They're these incredible Ocean protectors,
this new generation of kids.
774
01:08:12,242 --> 01:08:15,162
In their office was this huge whalebone,
775
01:08:15,803 --> 01:08:17,121
like humongous.
776
01:08:17,322 --> 01:08:20,402
And I was like "oh, my gosh, can we
use that to create the installation?"
777
01:08:20,482 --> 01:08:22,482
And they were like, jumped up,
yes, of course.
778
01:08:22,563 --> 01:08:26,322
Just kind of carried it out
and helped me create this installation.
779
01:08:26,402 --> 01:08:29,442
So this was
a real collaboration with them.
780
01:08:29,563 --> 01:08:33,563
Obviously, I could have never gotten that
whalebone where it was without their help.
781
01:08:42,763 --> 01:08:48,121
Probably my big worry is
that we ignore things.
782
01:08:49,723 --> 01:08:52,643
If we keep thinking
that nothing is happening,
783
01:08:55,322 --> 01:08:57,201
we're not going to be able
to do anything.
784
01:08:57,763 --> 01:09:00,241
We ignore the fact
that things are changing.
785
01:09:01,322 --> 01:09:04,442
So, if we live in ignorance,
786
01:09:05,043 --> 01:09:06,883
we are not going to make a difference.
787
01:09:07,362 --> 01:09:08,843
We are not going to make it work.
788
01:09:09,803 --> 01:09:10,883
That's my big worry.
789
01:09:13,043 --> 01:09:15,362
You choose your own limits.
790
01:09:15,522 --> 01:09:17,121
No one else.
791
01:09:18,643 --> 01:09:21,482
And when you really love something,
792
01:09:21,963 --> 01:09:26,362
you will find several pathways,
there's a lot to do!
793
01:09:32,603 --> 01:09:36,763
And this is one of those places
that really made me want to...
794
01:09:36,923 --> 01:09:39,963
go beyond the installation,
795
01:09:40,081 --> 01:09:44,362
and tell the stories
of who was behind the installation,
796
01:09:44,442 --> 01:09:46,643
of the backstage of the installation,
797
01:09:46,763 --> 01:09:49,322
of what I've learnt and who I've met.
798
01:09:52,081 --> 01:09:55,643
As you can see
Mimi and Panchita are excellent,
799
01:09:55,803 --> 01:10:00,082
incredible examples of why
50% of humanity is key...
800
01:10:00,162 --> 01:10:03,843
for the world of tomorrow
and for the protection of the oceans.
801
01:10:04,043 --> 01:10:07,963
The sargassum seaweed has tripled
from last year.
802
01:10:08,723 --> 01:10:10,883
As much as they are courageous
803
01:10:11,082 --> 01:10:16,683
and are doing locally everything
that they should and can do to survive
804
01:10:17,162 --> 01:10:21,122
are very much aware
of how fast the environment is changing
805
01:10:21,482 --> 01:10:25,723
and how much their survival depends
on global change.
806
01:10:34,563 --> 01:10:38,522
I go really deep under the sea
to see what's happening there.
807
01:10:38,603 --> 01:10:40,043
Do you know what I found?
808
01:10:40,122 --> 01:10:43,843
I started to see the changes
that were happening around the world...
809
01:10:44,043 --> 01:10:46,843
We actually are physically
changing the planet.
810
01:10:46,923 --> 01:10:48,482
We have that power.
811
01:10:48,563 --> 01:10:50,442
We will have to choose
what we want to keep...
812
01:10:50,522 --> 01:10:52,442
and what we are ready to let go.
813
01:10:53,843 --> 01:10:57,003
So that was another really
interesting moment
814
01:10:57,082 --> 01:11:00,923
when teachers and professors started
coming to my shows
815
01:11:01,003 --> 01:11:03,442
and asking me if they could
come back with their students.
816
01:11:03,563 --> 01:11:06,923
I had never anticipated that.
817
01:11:07,082 --> 01:11:10,963
We can choose between a positive
and constructive life
818
01:11:11,482 --> 01:11:14,803
or a negative
and superficial life.
819
01:11:15,442 --> 01:11:19,522
I realized that my art,
in a way, had a voice.
820
01:11:19,603 --> 01:11:21,043
The question is:
821
01:11:21,442 --> 01:11:24,482
do we want to live on a planet
where snow leopards still exist?
822
01:11:24,563 --> 01:11:27,923
Today the United Nations
says that by 2050...
823
01:11:28,442 --> 01:11:32,803
And that children and youth
really got it.
824
01:11:33,003 --> 01:11:34,603
What can we do to help?
825
01:11:35,003 --> 01:11:38,963
We can all fix something,
even if it is something very small
826
01:11:39,683 --> 01:11:41,122
and make it beautiful again.
827
01:11:41,803 --> 01:11:44,643
Does anybody have a last question
before we show the last film?
828
01:11:44,883 --> 01:11:47,843
I think your project is cool because,
you know, "Save the Planet" and...
829
01:11:48,643 --> 01:11:49,843
Yeah, it’s awesome.
830
01:11:50,122 --> 01:11:55,242
But I think you are not giving
real tips of how to save it
831
01:11:55,803 --> 01:11:59,603
because it’s your generation
and the generation above you that...
832
01:11:59,923 --> 01:12:01,603
you know, destroy our planet in a way.
833
01:12:02,723 --> 01:12:05,242
You can teach us to save our planet
834
01:12:06,003 --> 01:12:09,963
but actually we can’t do
because we are teens.
835
01:12:11,242 --> 01:12:15,202
The politicians can do something
but they don’t care so much in the end.
836
01:12:16,963 --> 01:12:21,043
What happened is that
I saw the youth evolve,
837
01:12:21,362 --> 01:12:23,643
the first year they would listen
to me graciously
838
01:12:23,723 --> 01:12:26,282
and then little by little,
I started getting pushback.
839
01:12:28,362 --> 01:12:30,603
People ask me what I want to do
when I grow up,
840
01:12:30,963 --> 01:12:33,883
and my question is
why do I have to grow up to be somebody?
841
01:12:35,563 --> 01:12:37,683
You say you love your children
above all else
842
01:12:39,043 --> 01:12:42,803
and yet you are stealing their future
in front of their very eyes.
843
01:12:43,003 --> 01:12:45,603
Greta Thunberg is a young woman
from Sweden
844
01:12:46,043 --> 01:12:50,643
who has decided to make her life’s mission
to save the world from climate change.
845
01:12:51,162 --> 01:12:53,043
It’s a shame
because we could change the world,
846
01:12:53,122 --> 01:12:54,603
it’s up to us to change the world.
847
01:12:54,683 --> 01:12:56,843
But right now, only old people can vote
848
01:12:56,923 --> 01:12:58,723
and old people don’t want
to change the world.
849
01:13:02,763 --> 01:13:07,442
Millions of people around the world today
are gathering for climate strike.
850
01:13:07,683 --> 01:13:10,043
The demonstrations are being held...
851
01:13:10,202 --> 01:13:12,883
with activist Greta Thunberg’s
Fridays for Future movement,
852
01:13:13,003 --> 01:13:16,563
which invites young people
stage school strikes for the climate
853
01:13:18,563 --> 01:13:22,322
When Greta Thunberg
and the youth movement started,
854
01:13:22,442 --> 01:13:26,643
I was really not surprised, because I had
already started seeing those reactions...
855
01:13:26,723 --> 01:13:29,603
for over a year
in my educational projects.
856
01:13:45,202 --> 01:13:50,043
I met Alexandria in New York
when she was 13 years old,
857
01:13:50,122 --> 01:13:54,003
and that was right at the beginning
of the Fridays for the Future Movement.
858
01:13:54,482 --> 01:13:57,322
She's that generation
that belongs to the Anthropocene,
859
01:13:57,402 --> 01:14:01,563
where these children are taking
onto their shoulder these responsibilities
860
01:14:01,643 --> 01:14:04,402
and these challenges
and these worries for their future.
861
01:14:08,563 --> 01:14:11,122
Sitting at this bench is a very cold,
862
01:14:11,282 --> 01:14:14,883
I have been school striking in wind,
rain, sleet, snow,
863
01:14:14,963 --> 01:14:20,322
and I've even striked in the polar vortex
in a subzero sleeping bag.
864
01:14:22,482 --> 01:14:25,043
Some people have geotagged it
Alexandria's bench.
865
01:14:25,122 --> 01:14:27,883
Sitting at this bench has turned myself
into an activist
866
01:14:27,963 --> 01:14:32,763
where I'm constantly working now
to have a future to get climate action.
867
01:14:43,883 --> 01:14:46,883
My family has always been really
connected with nature,
868
01:14:47,322 --> 01:14:51,242
so when I was younger,
we'd go on family road trips to the beach
869
01:14:51,322 --> 01:14:54,963
and there'd be the specific beach,
Pebble Beach in Northern California
870
01:14:55,043 --> 01:14:57,082
that we would always go to.
871
01:14:57,242 --> 01:15:01,402
And it would be really fun because
I'd get to bury my dad in the pebbles...
872
01:15:01,482 --> 01:15:04,082
and they'd bury me
in the pebbles.
873
01:15:10,803 --> 01:15:13,843
Pebble Beach is disappearing
because with sea level rises,
874
01:15:13,923 --> 01:15:17,402
the water is getting
higher to the point...
875
01:15:17,522 --> 01:15:20,563
where the beach
may no longer exist anymore.
876
01:15:23,043 --> 01:15:26,803
And with the beach disappearing,
it's like a part of myself disappearing.
877
01:15:32,122 --> 01:15:38,202
Having that love for California and
wanting to protect where you're from,
878
01:15:38,522 --> 01:15:42,563
it really makes me feel
more encouraged to stay going.
879
01:15:48,563 --> 01:15:51,763
No, CO2 emissions are not actually
harmful to the planet.
880
01:15:51,843 --> 01:15:57,563
I hate to see so many young people
especially panicking about climate change.
881
01:15:57,643 --> 01:16:01,043
The climate hysteria movement
is not about science.
882
01:16:01,122 --> 01:16:05,242
If it were about science, it would be led
by scientists rather than by politicians
883
01:16:05,442 --> 01:16:09,723
and the mentally ill Swedish child
who is being exploited by her parents...
884
01:16:13,202 --> 01:16:19,442
I think when people read articles
about that, sadly it's a good sign
885
01:16:19,522 --> 01:16:23,282
because that means that they're really
threatened by our beliefs
886
01:16:23,482 --> 01:16:26,082
and how we're really
making a difference
887
01:16:26,162 --> 01:16:29,402
to the point where we're threatening
what they've thought for so long.
888
01:16:29,683 --> 01:16:35,082
And so the way they fight back
is trying to cyberbullying us
889
01:16:35,162 --> 01:16:38,122
and we're trying to save them as well.
890
01:16:38,282 --> 01:16:41,362
And their children
and their grandchildren,
891
01:16:41,442 --> 01:16:43,963
the people who are the climate deniers...
we're saving them.
892
01:16:49,242 --> 01:16:53,522
Do you feel that what you're getting out
of what you're doing now as an activist
893
01:16:53,683 --> 01:16:56,923
is something you would not have
gotten from school?
894
01:16:57,322 --> 01:17:01,122
I definitely think the educational system
is something that will have to change
895
01:17:01,643 --> 01:17:05,003
because we aren't being taught
the crisis we're in.
896
01:17:05,082 --> 01:17:07,082
We're not being told the truth.
897
01:17:07,242 --> 01:17:09,723
A lot of the time we're being taught
about how to live...
898
01:17:09,843 --> 01:17:12,603
in the same world we're in,
how to be the same consumers.
899
01:17:12,803 --> 01:17:15,162
That's what we have to learn
on ourselves
900
01:17:15,242 --> 01:17:18,603
and have to push back and teach ourselves,
which isn't fair.
901
01:17:22,763 --> 01:17:24,883
I think that
in the environmental movement,
902
01:17:25,003 --> 01:17:28,082
there was a before and an after
Fridays for the Future for sure,
903
01:17:28,522 --> 01:17:33,202
In a couple of months they were able
to start communicating...
904
01:17:33,282 --> 01:17:39,082
and get through messages that lot of us
had never been able to get through.
905
01:17:40,763 --> 01:17:45,843
But it doesn't take away the fact that
Alexandria never had a little girl's life.
906
01:17:46,003 --> 01:17:50,162
And that is because of what
the generations before them did.
907
01:17:52,402 --> 01:17:53,803
And that is extremely unfair.
908
01:17:57,122 --> 01:17:59,723
The system is broken
and it needs to change.
909
01:17:59,963 --> 01:18:02,202
That's what all the activists
are calling for.
910
01:18:02,282 --> 01:18:05,522
We're calling for a system change,
not climate change.
911
01:18:06,003 --> 01:18:09,003
Failure is not an option for us
because this is our future
912
01:18:09,162 --> 01:18:12,202
and we're going to make sure
that we have a livable planet.
913
01:18:27,282 --> 01:18:31,402
It's so striking because in the cities
we're so disconnected from nature.
914
01:18:32,162 --> 01:18:37,723
But yet we are the ones that are
and will be affecting the natural world.
915
01:18:39,923 --> 01:18:42,923
You know, technology and wealth
have never rated this high,
916
01:18:43,242 --> 01:18:48,402
and yet we've probably never faced
such an uncertain future, as right now.
917
01:18:49,003 --> 01:18:53,563
It suggests that there's more to be done
to channel the technology toward
918
01:18:54,282 --> 01:18:58,603
where our sustainability challenges are
right now, like in this moment.
919
01:19:03,242 --> 01:19:08,442
Are there ways to align
the incentives of innovation
920
01:19:09,003 --> 01:19:11,362
to be focused more on climate solutions.
921
01:19:11,963 --> 01:19:16,122
And there's this whole area
of climate tech, which is focused on that,
922
01:19:16,202 --> 01:19:19,803
like how do we rapidly innovate
in the energy space
923
01:19:19,883 --> 01:19:23,282
and the climate solutions
based in the agriculture space.
924
01:19:27,522 --> 01:19:28,643
- Can you hear me?
- Yes.
925
01:19:29,202 --> 01:19:30,442
Yes, I can.
926
01:19:33,162 --> 01:19:35,282
This is like a science fiction movie.
927
01:19:37,043 --> 01:19:42,563
We are looking at the first ever
experimental underwater farm in the world.
928
01:19:43,082 --> 01:19:44,442
Is that Basil?
929
01:19:44,843 --> 01:19:46,442
It looks so healthy.
930
01:19:48,043 --> 01:19:49,362
It even looks happy.
931
01:19:49,603 --> 01:19:51,003
I mean, look at it!
932
01:19:52,322 --> 01:19:55,723
Can you imagine
how many people we could feed?
933
01:19:57,162 --> 01:19:59,883
It is completely self-sufficient.
934
01:20:02,763 --> 01:20:04,242
We're swimming in the future!
935
01:20:16,563 --> 01:20:17,803
Technology is a tool,
936
01:20:18,282 --> 01:20:19,763
it's like a knife:
937
01:20:20,043 --> 01:20:24,963
you can use it to share a piece of cake,
or you can use it to kill.
938
01:20:25,082 --> 01:20:30,122
So, it's up to us, the tool is there.
It's up to us how we want to use it.
939
01:20:36,522 --> 01:20:40,723
Is that happening all over the planet or
is just going to be for the global north?
940
01:20:40,923 --> 01:20:45,442
The hope is that they'll be able to share
both that knowledge and those resources.
941
01:20:45,563 --> 01:20:49,043
So we do have more of
an equitable allocation.
942
01:20:49,683 --> 01:20:53,003
Because our ability to take action
is going to be different
943
01:20:53,122 --> 01:20:57,843
than the people's ability to take action
in the other places you've been visiting.
944
01:21:04,843 --> 01:21:07,963
And we can learn from them
and they can learn from us.
945
01:21:11,803 --> 01:21:13,322
And it's not a one-way street.
946
01:21:13,963 --> 01:21:16,563
This is a mutual engagement.
947
01:21:17,763 --> 01:21:19,683
If we choose it.
948
01:21:40,122 --> 01:21:42,402
My ancestors, my grandparents
lived here.
949
01:21:44,122 --> 01:21:50,442
We came here, grew up and lived
generation after generation.
950
01:21:58,082 --> 01:22:01,003
These are communities that are a barrier
951
01:22:01,162 --> 01:22:06,122
between full blown economic exploitation
of the Amazon and the nature,
952
01:22:06,202 --> 01:22:08,082
so they're the last frontier.
953
01:22:10,122 --> 01:22:15,082
You see how little technology they have
considering how much more they need.
954
01:22:15,162 --> 01:22:18,082
There's absolutely no investment
made by the government.
955
01:22:19,883 --> 01:22:23,723
The new technologies that are coming out
are really a support for us.
956
01:22:25,162 --> 01:22:29,282
Like the drones, that we can elevate
to check who is there
957
01:22:29,522 --> 01:22:32,683
and that helps protect us from dangers.
958
01:22:35,843 --> 01:22:39,923
Wouldn't that be incredible
to coevolve with the technology,
959
01:22:40,003 --> 01:22:43,683
to really bring it to bear on the issues
960
01:22:43,763 --> 01:22:47,563
that are the most pressing
for our civilization and society?
961
01:22:47,643 --> 01:22:50,763
Is coevolution an option...
With a positive...?
962
01:22:50,883 --> 01:22:53,242
- It sounds so positive.
- Absolutely.
963
01:22:57,043 --> 01:23:01,242
I believe that traditions and technology
can be combined.
964
01:23:01,322 --> 01:23:05,043
When they will come together...
965
01:23:05,242 --> 01:23:09,643
a greater knowledge will take form.
966
01:23:16,522 --> 01:23:20,202
We came back down from Cashiboya,
and next thing we knew,
967
01:23:20,282 --> 01:23:24,923
Coronavirus had hit all of Europe
and the United States.
968
01:23:32,322 --> 01:23:37,442
We barely made it out of Lima
because there were no more flights.
969
01:23:38,242 --> 01:23:42,202
There's always a cultural shock once you
come back from a place like the Amazon.
970
01:23:42,282 --> 01:23:46,043
But then it was like that the world
had completely changed overnight.
971
01:23:47,683 --> 01:23:48,723
We can't go back.
972
01:23:49,082 --> 01:23:52,643
This is something incredibly non-linear
that has just happened.
973
01:23:53,242 --> 01:23:57,522
And the ripple effects are enormous.
They're incredible.
974
01:24:02,003 --> 01:24:05,643
Everything has just been
shifted forward.
975
01:24:06,362 --> 01:24:09,003
You know, we have this thing
we call it climate vision,
976
01:24:09,082 --> 01:24:12,763
when you can look ahead
and see what those impacts will be.
977
01:24:12,843 --> 01:24:15,442
But now we're just,
we're feeling those impacts
978
01:24:15,563 --> 01:24:18,282
and these waves that are, like,
crashing on top of each other.
979
01:24:28,043 --> 01:24:33,563
I have been bedridden for about
a month and a half, almost two.
980
01:24:34,082 --> 01:24:38,522
So are there a lot of Covid cases
in the community?
981
01:24:39,242 --> 01:24:40,482
Thousands of thousands,
982
01:24:40,563 --> 01:24:46,723
hundreds of hundreds of Indios have died
because of the Coronavirus.
983
01:24:46,803 --> 01:24:50,963
What do you think about this situation
with the government?
984
01:24:51,763 --> 01:24:55,043
It's like they say "they can die."
985
01:24:55,162 --> 01:24:56,923
Or something like that...
986
01:24:57,003 --> 01:24:59,522
We have been pushed aside
and forgotten by the government.
987
01:24:59,603 --> 01:25:02,122
They don't give us much importance,
988
01:25:02,883 --> 01:25:06,563
they care more about those in the city.
989
01:25:11,082 --> 01:25:15,043
And as climate change impacts
accelerate and expand,
990
01:25:15,963 --> 01:25:20,603
we're going to see more of these types
of compounding cascading tipping points.
991
01:25:20,683 --> 01:25:25,843
It's like a boot camp of what could
happen in the Anthropocene, right?
992
01:25:26,282 --> 01:25:30,442
That's a big transition point for us.
993
01:25:39,322 --> 01:25:42,043
So there's important lessons
to learn from this:
994
01:25:42,122 --> 01:25:45,603
how to keep each other safe,
what does security mean,
995
01:25:47,282 --> 01:25:50,603
how do we love each other
through crises.
996
01:26:02,563 --> 01:26:07,683
- Where are we going to put the third one?
- I think it’s going on the top.
997
01:26:07,843 --> 01:26:09,763
Ok, so we need “Trash”.
998
01:26:12,923 --> 01:26:17,122
- It’s 42 cm here.
- I’m at... 41.
999
01:26:22,522 --> 01:26:27,122
Going and creating art in places
that are so challenging and so difficult
1000
01:26:27,242 --> 01:26:33,442
and meeting Earth protectors that have to
deal with difficulties and societal issues
1001
01:26:33,843 --> 01:26:40,322
and then coming back to a world of beauty
and sophistication and wealth,
1002
01:26:40,603 --> 01:26:42,202
never bothered me at all.
1003
01:26:47,043 --> 01:26:48,763
My art had the purpose.
1004
01:26:48,963 --> 01:26:52,402
The purpose of bringing back
these stories and sharing them,
1005
01:26:52,643 --> 01:26:55,442
but also the fact that by selling the art,
1006
01:26:55,563 --> 01:27:00,282
I was also contributing to help
these communities through my foundation.
1007
01:27:17,803 --> 01:27:19,643
So many systems have flaws, you know?
1008
01:27:20,723 --> 01:27:24,522
I think the best approach would be
rather than being outside the system,
1009
01:27:24,643 --> 01:27:29,162
to push that thing through the system
and I would love to be a part of it.
1010
01:27:31,482 --> 01:27:33,282
Do you believe
that that's going to happen?
1011
01:27:33,603 --> 01:27:35,723
Do you really believe in the future?
1012
01:27:36,043 --> 01:27:39,442
There are so many things that prevent us
from believing that it will happen.
1013
01:27:39,803 --> 01:27:42,162
But I think that the approach
is to believe.
1014
01:27:44,322 --> 01:27:47,603
For me personally, it would be even
if it never happened in my entire life,
1015
01:27:47,683 --> 01:27:49,843
I would tell my children
that it will happen.
1016
01:27:56,322 --> 01:27:59,643
Definitely, the art takes
its whole meaning
1017
01:28:00,202 --> 01:28:03,763
once it's in an exhibition,
and it's seen
1018
01:28:03,883 --> 01:28:08,322
and it can touch people
from a completely different reality.
1019
01:28:08,763 --> 01:28:12,162
Not everyone will have
positive reactions...
1020
01:28:12,242 --> 01:28:16,162
Those are beautiful images,
but they make you think...
1021
01:28:19,043 --> 01:28:22,723
That's what empowers it.
That's what makes it purposeful.
1022
01:28:23,402 --> 01:28:26,522
It can be shared and seen by people
1023
01:28:26,603 --> 01:28:29,322
who could never else relate
to any of those realities.
1024
01:28:32,362 --> 01:28:36,122
We had seen things that could change.
1025
01:28:40,482 --> 01:28:44,603
But in that race of awareness
are we bringing solutions?
1026
01:28:44,963 --> 01:28:51,082
Are we bringing tangible solutions that
are going to help people on the frontline?
1027
01:28:52,322 --> 01:28:54,322
One Planet One Future...
1028
01:28:54,402 --> 01:28:56,803
is the show
at the Moscow Modern Art Museum
1029
01:28:57,043 --> 01:28:59,202
on the issues related to global pollution.
1030
01:28:59,282 --> 01:29:02,603
When I think of us as Mankind,
1031
01:29:02,923 --> 01:29:08,843
I feel that at the same time
we are very very small and silly
1032
01:29:09,242 --> 01:29:11,843
compared with Nature.
1033
01:29:14,963 --> 01:29:17,322
On the other side
we are very very strong.
1034
01:29:18,563 --> 01:29:22,442
Each small person can make
a huge difference.
1035
01:29:29,242 --> 01:29:32,162
I don't exactly know
what people are going to do,
1036
01:29:32,643 --> 01:29:35,683
but I think the crisis
is getting so urgent...
1037
01:29:35,763 --> 01:29:40,643
that people will start thinking
of ways that the youth aren't thinking of,
1038
01:29:40,723 --> 01:29:43,482
in ways where they do
become violent.
1039
01:29:49,122 --> 01:29:51,683
There is still more room
for civil disobedience
1040
01:29:51,763 --> 01:29:55,003
because now is the time
to do direct action.
1041
01:30:11,723 --> 01:30:14,202
In order to survive as a species,
1042
01:30:14,282 --> 01:30:20,803
we need to step back a little bit
and talk about also regeneration.
1043
01:30:21,723 --> 01:30:26,803
We have changed the very essence
of the ocean in the past 50 years.
1044
01:30:27,322 --> 01:30:29,043
Now it's time to give back.
1045
01:30:32,963 --> 01:30:34,763
I think I'm just the tip of the iceberg.
1046
01:30:34,923 --> 01:30:39,082
I think there's an entire
generation of artists arriving after me
1047
01:30:39,162 --> 01:30:42,603
who will take on that role
in extraordinary ways
1048
01:30:42,683 --> 01:30:45,282
that I have not even been able
to imagine.
1049
01:30:47,923 --> 01:30:53,563
But if in my generation we don't create
the installations and the TimeShrines
1050
01:30:53,643 --> 01:30:55,963
and we don't put them
in front of nature;
1051
01:30:56,122 --> 01:30:58,923
what's going to happen
to the next generation of artists?
1052
01:31:01,003 --> 01:31:03,522
What are they going to have to photograph?94412
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.