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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:57,563 --> 00:00:59,923 I had a pretty unconventional childhood. 2 00:01:01,283 --> 00:01:04,562 My father was the publisher and friend of Jacques Cousteau, 3 00:01:05,883 --> 00:01:07,443 the underwater explorer. 4 00:01:10,523 --> 00:01:14,683 And so I grew up listening to the stories of Cousteau’s adventures. 5 00:01:19,323 --> 00:01:23,002 I remember one day him telling me the very first time 6 00:01:23,122 --> 00:01:27,642 they dove into this dark cave with some experimental lighting. 7 00:01:29,562 --> 00:01:32,723 They hoped it would improve their ability to film underwater. 8 00:01:34,641 --> 00:01:36,723 In the murky depths, 9 00:01:36,921 --> 00:01:42,243 sea life had always just appeared as dark and gray silhouettes. 10 00:01:43,482 --> 00:01:45,762 But when they turned on the lights 11 00:01:47,362 --> 00:01:52,641 they discovered the most extraordinary colors they had ever seen. 12 00:01:56,603 --> 00:01:58,082 I was really young, 13 00:01:58,603 --> 00:02:03,402 but I remember feeling just how much that experience had affected him. 14 00:02:04,683 --> 00:02:09,003 Not only had they discovered something so beautiful in nature, 15 00:02:10,043 --> 00:02:15,802 but they had the power to share those incredible colors with millions of people. 16 00:02:16,283 --> 00:02:22,202 He knew how much that could change our perception of the world. 17 00:02:25,603 --> 00:02:28,603 And something profound changed within me that day. 18 00:02:37,603 --> 00:02:40,603 I think that's when I became an artist. 19 00:02:47,563 --> 00:02:50,003 In 2013 I began 20 00:02:50,242 --> 00:02:53,762 photographing these installations, that I call TimeShrines, 21 00:02:54,043 --> 00:02:57,082 to document how our planet was changing. 22 00:02:59,961 --> 00:03:05,003 I started using these strong symbols about time and choice, 23 00:03:05,482 --> 00:03:06,883 everywhere I went. 24 00:03:10,723 --> 00:03:13,723 I wanted to show what we have, 25 00:03:14,603 --> 00:03:15,843 what we're about to lose, 26 00:03:16,682 --> 00:03:19,362 and especially what we've already lost. 27 00:03:22,443 --> 00:03:25,122 I discovered so many worlds along the way. 28 00:03:25,762 --> 00:03:28,362 From the highest peaks of the Himalaya... 29 00:03:29,723 --> 00:03:32,082 to the depths of our underworld. 30 00:03:34,403 --> 00:03:37,802 From the Amazonian rainforest to the great mega cities. 31 00:03:39,202 --> 00:03:42,563 Everywhere I went I found the same story. 32 00:03:44,883 --> 00:03:46,163 One story. 33 00:03:48,043 --> 00:03:50,922 From the earth's tallest peaks to the ocean floor, 34 00:03:51,043 --> 00:03:55,403 scientists warn no part of the world will be spared from the climate crisis. 35 00:03:55,603 --> 00:03:59,603 That storms are going to sweep the Earth and we are all gonna die by a heat wave. 36 00:03:59,802 --> 00:04:03,362 I mean, this is an incredible bad bad science... 37 00:04:03,443 --> 00:04:07,123 Roughly one million species are on the verge of extinction. 38 00:04:07,723 --> 00:04:10,962 Carbon dioxide doesn't control temperatures or climate 39 00:04:11,082 --> 00:04:13,362 on any scale of time. 40 00:04:15,682 --> 00:04:20,322 When I was a kid I never really thought about whether the world that I knew 41 00:04:20,723 --> 00:04:23,723 might be different 20 years down the road. 42 00:04:25,922 --> 00:04:30,763 It’s during this journey that I realized just how fast the world is changing. 43 00:04:33,163 --> 00:04:35,322 One worst case prediction sees 44 00:04:35,403 --> 00:04:38,362 a billion people affected by the year 2050. 45 00:04:38,523 --> 00:04:40,843 Drought and famine are forecasted 46 00:04:41,043 --> 00:04:43,763 along with more frequent and destructive storms. 47 00:04:44,723 --> 00:04:47,562 All civilizations will become spacefaring or extinct. 48 00:04:47,763 --> 00:04:49,643 We need a plan B. 49 00:04:51,002 --> 00:04:57,403 It became clear I couldn’t rely solely on my artistic intuition to understand it. 50 00:04:58,442 --> 00:05:01,643 I needed a soundboard. I needed facts. 51 00:05:02,723 --> 00:05:05,603 That’s when I met Doctor Julie Pullen. 52 00:05:07,442 --> 00:05:11,122 Climate change can manifest in so many different ways across the planet. 53 00:05:11,322 --> 00:05:13,963 As you have seen on your travels, as you chronicled, 54 00:05:14,203 --> 00:05:16,523 not everywhere is experiencing rainfall, 55 00:05:16,682 --> 00:05:20,403 not everywhere is at the moment experiencing extreme heat. 56 00:05:20,763 --> 00:05:24,763 And so weaving that story together, these are all connected. 57 00:05:24,922 --> 00:05:29,283 This is a global pattern with local impacts. 58 00:05:29,963 --> 00:05:32,362 It's a really big story to tell. 59 00:05:33,562 --> 00:05:37,202 Throughout my journey I noticed a kind of pattern emerging. 60 00:05:37,802 --> 00:05:41,643 A lot of the people that I encountered were on the front line... 61 00:05:42,723 --> 00:05:46,403 and already dealing with the changing planet. 62 00:05:48,322 --> 00:05:50,922 They were reacting to it, 63 00:05:51,322 --> 00:05:55,202 but more than anything, they were adapting to a new world. 64 00:05:57,202 --> 00:06:01,242 It was clear to me I had to share their stories 65 00:06:02,682 --> 00:06:05,562 in order to make my art complete. 66 00:06:49,562 --> 00:06:55,002 Upper Mustang is one of the most remote location in the Himalaya. 67 00:06:55,963 --> 00:06:58,242 It's very difficult to fly to, 68 00:06:58,403 --> 00:07:02,043 because the mountains are so high and so close together 69 00:07:02,203 --> 00:07:05,002 that it's actually quite dangerous to get there by plane. 70 00:07:05,163 --> 00:07:09,083 It was incredible: you felt like you could actually touch the mountains 71 00:07:09,442 --> 00:07:11,723 if you had stuck your hand out the window. 72 00:07:15,562 --> 00:07:20,763 Some of the milestones of change are associated with the higher latitudes, 73 00:07:21,002 --> 00:07:25,002 seemed to be happening sooner than was projected. 74 00:07:27,802 --> 00:07:31,043 You know, some of the most resilient people are on the planet 75 00:07:31,122 --> 00:07:34,603 are the ones that are experiencing the most acute changes 76 00:07:34,723 --> 00:07:37,122 associated with climate change. 77 00:07:56,763 --> 00:07:58,643 This way? Let’s go this way. 78 00:07:59,122 --> 00:08:00,322 This way! 79 00:08:03,562 --> 00:08:08,163 Upper Mustang used to be this isolated kingdom in north of the Himalayas. 80 00:08:09,922 --> 00:08:13,283 As a kid, we grew up like playing in the rivers, riding horses. 81 00:08:13,523 --> 00:08:15,403 Trying to ride cows and all that. 82 00:08:16,723 --> 00:08:20,083 The first visitor arrived in 1992 when it was open for tourism. 83 00:08:24,442 --> 00:08:26,682 I remember that somebody had a Polaroid camera 84 00:08:27,122 --> 00:08:29,002 and he took photos of us and gave it to us. 85 00:08:33,483 --> 00:08:36,601 Me and my friends were like very blown away 86 00:08:36,682 --> 00:08:39,403 to see this foreign person in the neighborhood. 87 00:08:39,802 --> 00:08:42,283 But we were all even shocked to see all the little things 88 00:08:42,403 --> 00:08:44,962 like the Polaroid photos of ourselves and things like this. 89 00:08:48,682 --> 00:08:55,322 Tashi is part of the new youth groups that have started in that region. 90 00:08:57,082 --> 00:09:02,722 These youth groups are trying to preserve their culture and their art, 91 00:09:04,483 --> 00:09:09,322 and in the same time they try to develop new opportunities for a new generation 92 00:09:09,403 --> 00:09:12,403 to be able to stay there and not leave to go to the cities. 93 00:09:15,283 --> 00:09:17,043 Hey, look at these guys! 94 00:09:17,363 --> 00:09:20,763 We used to ride horses and cows. They're riding bicycles. 95 00:09:28,363 --> 00:09:31,363 A new set of Prayer wheels. They're so shiny and bling bling. 96 00:09:31,562 --> 00:09:33,962 They are! They are so bling, bling. 97 00:09:34,163 --> 00:09:36,763 Someday I would love to make electricity out of them. 98 00:09:37,123 --> 00:09:40,682 I would love to put a little turbine and then you can have electricity. 99 00:09:40,883 --> 00:09:43,763 - That would be amazing! - Yes, there would be streetlamps. 100 00:09:46,403 --> 00:09:50,163 I'm here because we want to document the evolution of the climate here, 101 00:09:50,363 --> 00:09:52,802 and climate change and climate breakdown in a way. 102 00:09:53,003 --> 00:09:56,363 And so... nobody really believes that is happening in the Himalayas. 103 00:09:56,483 --> 00:10:00,043 It's very hard for people to think it's cold in the glaciers and all that. 104 00:10:00,243 --> 00:10:02,643 The glacial sources of water are drying up 105 00:10:02,883 --> 00:10:06,123 and, if they're not drying up, they're getting reduced so much 106 00:10:06,363 --> 00:10:08,763 that they have not enough water to irrigate their fields, 107 00:10:08,962 --> 00:10:10,562 which is the main source of food. 108 00:10:11,082 --> 00:10:12,922 It's just a desert everywhere. 109 00:10:13,682 --> 00:10:15,562 And two of these villages that we're going to, 110 00:10:15,643 --> 00:10:18,683 the only option is to move elsewhere where there's abundant sources of water. 111 00:10:18,763 --> 00:10:20,243 So they're moving right now. 112 00:10:27,842 --> 00:10:31,682 If you find it hard to balance you just press your knees onto the... 113 00:10:36,202 --> 00:10:39,643 The glaciers in the Himalayan region represent 114 00:10:39,763 --> 00:10:42,883 the primary fresh water source for that whole region. 115 00:10:43,082 --> 00:10:48,643 Downstream it’s really creating life for humans, 116 00:10:49,802 --> 00:10:54,562 so losing the glaciers is going to transform their lives. 117 00:11:12,842 --> 00:11:16,682 It was very challenging and a little dangerous too, 118 00:11:16,883 --> 00:11:19,682 especially if you're not a good horseback rider like me. 119 00:11:22,043 --> 00:11:24,562 You've got these really deep ditches 120 00:11:24,763 --> 00:11:28,202 and your horse is going on this really thin path... 121 00:11:28,763 --> 00:11:32,082 You just shouldn't look down, you just have to trust your horse 122 00:11:32,243 --> 00:11:34,363 and just keep on going. 123 00:11:34,483 --> 00:11:37,842 It was like really living the nomad life 124 00:11:37,922 --> 00:11:41,363 and seeing and understanding how they've been living forever. 125 00:11:46,003 --> 00:11:49,602 What moves me a lot, or moves so many people I'm sure, 126 00:11:49,682 --> 00:11:52,922 is when you see in televisions and news and media 127 00:11:53,082 --> 00:11:56,123 that people believe in climate change or not... 128 00:11:56,283 --> 00:11:59,763 and the fact that some people think they can believe in it or not. 129 00:11:59,962 --> 00:12:02,842 It's just so striking when you see it happening right in front of you. 130 00:12:23,283 --> 00:12:29,123 As a westerner I had this vision that the Himalayas, snow and ice and water... 131 00:12:31,483 --> 00:12:37,842 I really didn't realize that there was such a drama unfolding. 132 00:12:41,283 --> 00:12:43,763 There is so much ancient culture there, 133 00:12:44,243 --> 00:12:48,523 and so it's this incredible duality: they're losing their glaciers, 134 00:12:48,722 --> 00:12:52,643 but there's such a great risk that they're going to be losing their culture. 135 00:12:58,682 --> 00:13:01,202 It was almost immediate: 136 00:13:01,322 --> 00:13:05,003 there was no way I could recount the story of the loss 137 00:13:05,842 --> 00:13:08,682 without integrating the cultural loss as well. 138 00:13:24,643 --> 00:13:27,883 - Oh my goodness, this is amazing. - Yes. 139 00:13:29,363 --> 00:13:31,363 The protector Gods of Samdzong. 140 00:13:32,283 --> 00:13:34,562 They're so strange... They are so different. 141 00:13:34,842 --> 00:13:38,123 All the protective Gods are made to look as wrathful as possible, you know? 142 00:13:53,883 --> 00:13:55,763 They will be forced to migrate, 143 00:13:56,003 --> 00:13:59,123 and they will have to abandon their ancestry. 144 00:14:00,123 --> 00:14:03,043 They are literally leaving their gods behind. 145 00:14:20,722 --> 00:14:22,523 It's a big reality: 146 00:14:22,682 --> 00:14:27,363 the 2000 Himalayan glaciers that are feeding around 1.6 billion people on earth 147 00:14:27,682 --> 00:14:31,043 is now slowly, slowly disappearing. 148 00:14:34,682 --> 00:14:39,722 And there's nothing they can do as a person and measure to solve this. 149 00:14:43,722 --> 00:14:47,523 Climate change is unpredictability a global concern. 150 00:14:50,922 --> 00:14:54,003 We should all act on it, because we're all responsible in a way. 151 00:14:57,922 --> 00:15:00,763 It's them today, but it will be everybody else tomorrow. 152 00:15:00,922 --> 00:15:02,722 They're just at the front line. 153 00:15:04,043 --> 00:15:08,082 It's also about compassion and deciding who we want to be as a species. 154 00:15:08,283 --> 00:15:13,643 Do we want to keep on saying: "That's far away, it's never going to happen to us"? 155 00:15:13,722 --> 00:15:18,163 Or do we feel these are fellow humans, and we need to be compassionate? 156 00:15:21,682 --> 00:15:24,842 My installations are about showing you that reality, 157 00:15:25,123 --> 00:15:27,602 asking you not to turn your back away from it 158 00:15:27,922 --> 00:15:31,363 and decide what you choose to do because you have a choice. 159 00:15:34,082 --> 00:15:37,403 We don't have time anymore to delay action. 160 00:15:37,722 --> 00:15:41,403 One of the extraordinary advances in science... 161 00:15:41,483 --> 00:15:45,523 has been the ability to simulate the whole Earth system 162 00:15:45,722 --> 00:15:48,962 using advances in supercomputing technology, 163 00:15:49,163 --> 00:15:52,763 so we can look at how the different components of the Earth system, 164 00:15:52,842 --> 00:15:56,322 the air, the water, the land surface, the ice, 165 00:15:56,763 --> 00:15:59,602 interact with each other and feedback to each other. 166 00:15:59,682 --> 00:16:04,202 We can already read the future thanks to these supercomputers, is that possible? 167 00:16:04,322 --> 00:16:07,883 You know, if our emissions continue on a high pathway, 168 00:16:08,082 --> 00:16:10,763 then we can see what how that plays out for the planet. 169 00:16:10,922 --> 00:16:14,602 If our emissions are capped and decline at a certain point, 170 00:16:14,682 --> 00:16:17,082 then that's a different trajectory. 171 00:16:20,243 --> 00:16:24,082 The ones who are experiencing the most significant changes... 172 00:16:24,243 --> 00:16:29,003 are those sentinels: those societies and civilizations 173 00:16:29,202 --> 00:16:34,922 that can help point the way to how to navigate this world in flux. 174 00:16:35,602 --> 00:16:41,202 I've seen this with the Shipibo tribes that are in the Peruvian Amazon. 175 00:16:41,403 --> 00:16:44,123 By culture and by nature, they are Earth protectors. 176 00:17:12,203 --> 00:17:15,203 There are thorns, be careful. 177 00:17:33,243 --> 00:17:35,322 Is the machete for survival? 178 00:17:36,642 --> 00:17:39,483 Yes, for survival and self-defense. 179 00:17:39,723 --> 00:17:42,203 We can be attacked by wild animals. 180 00:17:45,362 --> 00:17:46,443 What is this? 181 00:17:47,642 --> 00:17:50,082 This is a male Huayruro. 182 00:17:50,602 --> 00:17:53,362 We use it for luck on necklaces. 183 00:17:53,802 --> 00:17:55,523 - Luck? - Yes, luck. 184 00:17:56,763 --> 00:17:57,763 It's beautiful. 185 00:17:59,642 --> 00:18:01,642 It’s perfect for the installation. 186 00:18:05,923 --> 00:18:10,402 Sometimes it's a cultural object, sometimes it's organic. 187 00:18:12,483 --> 00:18:15,562 There's a search, there's a quest. 188 00:18:17,602 --> 00:18:21,162 There's definitely a process, in what I do. 189 00:18:21,602 --> 00:18:23,122 A tree hug! 190 00:18:26,043 --> 00:18:30,003 I arrive on location and I need to connect to the location 191 00:18:30,162 --> 00:18:33,842 and understand the place better, 192 00:18:35,003 --> 00:18:39,082 its challenges, the people, 193 00:18:39,842 --> 00:18:43,443 their challenges, their history. 194 00:18:43,842 --> 00:18:46,963 And every time it's a learning process 195 00:18:47,122 --> 00:18:53,923 because I'm trying to put together a symbolic representation of that place. 196 00:18:56,043 --> 00:18:59,683 Are these trees in danger? 197 00:19:00,283 --> 00:19:01,402 Yes, of course. 198 00:19:01,602 --> 00:19:04,882 Primary forests are immense, large trees 199 00:19:05,082 --> 00:19:08,162 which no one has deforested, no one has cut down. 200 00:19:08,243 --> 00:19:10,602 Nowadays we no longer see 201 00:19:10,763 --> 00:19:13,842 large primary forests near the city. 202 00:19:13,923 --> 00:19:16,763 All these great trees... They no longer exist. 203 00:19:18,322 --> 00:19:21,443 Because of the increase in population, they keep on cutting them down. 204 00:19:21,602 --> 00:19:24,483 Until our resources will be over... 205 00:19:28,642 --> 00:19:32,122 Jared is a forest protector by tradition, 206 00:19:32,322 --> 00:19:36,443 because the Shipibo tribe is a tribe that has always protected the forest. 207 00:19:36,562 --> 00:19:40,842 He has also become a park ranger. 208 00:19:41,283 --> 00:19:45,443 He's become a modern forest protector as well. 209 00:19:50,162 --> 00:19:53,162 My Shipibo name is Gushamani. 210 00:19:53,443 --> 00:19:57,162 It means strong and kind man. 211 00:19:59,683 --> 00:20:01,683 Sometimes I also feel worried. 212 00:20:01,763 --> 00:20:08,402 I am concerned that there will be no more guardians like me 213 00:20:09,043 --> 00:20:15,243 because trees are standing there, they grow alone, year after year, 214 00:20:15,322 --> 00:20:16,923 they can last thousands of years 215 00:20:17,523 --> 00:20:20,763 but they are not able to defend themselves. 216 00:20:26,882 --> 00:20:29,562 I brought you friends who admire your strength 217 00:20:30,882 --> 00:20:35,043 and are here to take your picture. 218 00:21:01,723 --> 00:21:06,923 Jared is obviously protecting what they call the spirit trees, 219 00:21:07,162 --> 00:21:10,003 because they're so ancient and they're so huge 220 00:21:10,362 --> 00:21:12,402 and therefore they have this value, 221 00:21:12,523 --> 00:21:16,483 because that's like the ultimate luxury is to be able to cut them 222 00:21:16,602 --> 00:21:18,763 and use them for something else. 223 00:21:24,122 --> 00:21:26,723 This tree has so many creatures living in it... 224 00:21:26,963 --> 00:21:29,842 All these little spiders came over 225 00:21:29,923 --> 00:21:32,882 and started walking around in the installation... 226 00:21:33,162 --> 00:21:36,362 And then, of course, I put in my symbols. 227 00:21:37,322 --> 00:21:38,523 Is this a symbol of death? 228 00:21:39,043 --> 00:21:40,642 No, it means “life”. 229 00:21:41,043 --> 00:21:42,122 Life? 230 00:21:42,283 --> 00:21:44,043 Our life choices between 231 00:21:44,162 --> 00:21:46,763 a positive life 232 00:21:46,882 --> 00:21:49,723 or a negative life. 233 00:21:55,923 --> 00:21:59,963 And so there are these red flowers, these beautiful red flowers 234 00:22:00,162 --> 00:22:05,523 that in our western world is something that is so luxurious and so rare to find. 235 00:22:05,602 --> 00:22:09,523 You only find them in certain florists and they're everywhere. 236 00:22:11,362 --> 00:22:14,362 At the beginning it's like there's no way I can cut these flowers, 237 00:22:14,523 --> 00:22:19,283 because for me there was just such an incredible luxurious experience. 238 00:22:19,602 --> 00:22:22,602 And then that's when the Shipibos told me that's not a problem. 239 00:22:22,802 --> 00:22:26,243 You need to cut them because like that it will just regenerate faster. 240 00:22:48,082 --> 00:22:55,003 (Shipibo language) 241 00:22:55,162 --> 00:22:58,802 We're going to send a drone to the part that is deforested, 242 00:22:58,963 --> 00:23:02,443 so we can see if there's no one dangerous in there, so it's safe for us. 243 00:23:02,602 --> 00:23:05,082 So we just send a drone and if nobody's there, then we can go? 244 00:23:05,243 --> 00:23:06,683 - We can get in... - Ok, perfect. 245 00:23:24,322 --> 00:23:27,082 Destructive fires tore through massive sections 246 00:23:27,203 --> 00:23:29,882 of the Amazon rainforest last summer, and even before that, 247 00:23:30,043 --> 00:23:34,642 it had lost 20% of its landmass to deforestation in the last four decades. 248 00:23:34,723 --> 00:23:37,283 Logging is a lucrative industry in Peru, 249 00:23:37,523 --> 00:23:40,523 and timber from the rainforest has become a key export. 250 00:23:40,683 --> 00:23:44,723 The vast majority is caused by small scale loggers or farmers 251 00:23:44,963 --> 00:23:48,243 many of whom cut down forest to grow coca for the black market. 252 00:23:48,322 --> 00:23:50,203 How many hectares? 253 00:23:50,443 --> 00:23:54,523 This deforestation area is about five hectares. 254 00:23:55,162 --> 00:23:56,802 It’s incredible. 255 00:23:57,283 --> 00:23:59,203 How long? 256 00:23:59,362 --> 00:24:03,723 This deforested farm is about a month old, approximately. 257 00:24:03,842 --> 00:24:06,683 - One month? - A month since they've knocked it down. 258 00:24:09,642 --> 00:24:14,683 This is the other facet of the Amazon. I mean, it's the deforestation. 259 00:24:14,963 --> 00:24:19,802 So this image is... you know, what I had to do. 260 00:24:20,162 --> 00:24:23,283 The other one is what I wanted to do and this one is what I had to do. 261 00:24:25,723 --> 00:24:29,523 We are only 14 park rangers 262 00:24:29,683 --> 00:24:36,642 for a protected area of 1,354,485.10 hectares. 263 00:24:39,923 --> 00:24:44,683 It's quite dangerous because of illegal activities 264 00:24:44,763 --> 00:24:48,562 that exist in this protected area. 265 00:24:54,642 --> 00:24:56,443 I need it for the installation. 266 00:24:57,362 --> 00:24:58,362 It's very strong. 267 00:24:58,723 --> 00:25:02,402 First they cut down the trees 268 00:25:02,523 --> 00:25:05,683 and set them on fire 269 00:25:05,802 --> 00:25:10,043 to clear and then plant the coca plants. 270 00:25:10,243 --> 00:25:11,683 This? 271 00:25:15,243 --> 00:25:18,723 It's like walking in a cemetery, 272 00:25:19,683 --> 00:25:24,963 if you're coming from that life and from that vitality and you end up here, 273 00:25:25,162 --> 00:25:28,122 it's not even like a burial ground. It's just a dead zone. 274 00:25:33,923 --> 00:25:38,043 We've already had cases of Shipibo-Conibo people 275 00:25:39,443 --> 00:25:45,683 who have been murdered by coca growers, drug trafficking. 276 00:25:46,322 --> 00:25:48,483 It happens. 277 00:25:52,723 --> 00:25:56,763 A gun? No, it's not allowed. 278 00:25:57,483 --> 00:26:04,162 It’s very risky because we don't have anything to defend ourselves. 279 00:26:12,523 --> 00:26:15,963 I think now if he gets the palms to put on the sides to... 280 00:26:34,882 --> 00:26:38,763 What I saw there it was a force under attack, 281 00:26:38,923 --> 00:26:42,842 the entire jungle is completely under attack. It's like a war zone. 282 00:26:43,003 --> 00:26:47,043 You know, we have this sense of the Amazon as being infinite, 283 00:26:47,963 --> 00:26:50,842 with this infinite capacity to regenerate itself. 284 00:26:51,243 --> 00:26:56,443 But all of the incursions and the threats that you're mapping in your work 285 00:26:56,642 --> 00:26:59,402 are really devastating and really profound. 286 00:26:59,562 --> 00:27:03,243 And they really compromised the ability of the Amazon... 287 00:27:03,402 --> 00:27:07,882 to renew, to refresh, and to regenerate itself. 288 00:27:12,283 --> 00:27:16,523 There is a lot of pollution in big countries 289 00:27:16,923 --> 00:27:21,362 and we are a buffer against this pollution. 290 00:27:24,402 --> 00:27:28,882 Every person in every country, all governments are called... 291 00:27:29,162 --> 00:27:34,443 to protect the forests we have. 292 00:27:38,402 --> 00:27:44,082 The scientists warn that if the planet increases by three degrees Celsius... 293 00:27:44,203 --> 00:27:48,322 above pre-industrial levels within the century, that could be fires, 294 00:27:48,443 --> 00:27:51,763 the kind we see in Australia and in many other places. 295 00:28:00,203 --> 00:28:04,842 Scientists say the fires across Siberia, fueled by abnormally high temperatures, 296 00:28:05,003 --> 00:28:07,243 are contributing to global warming. 297 00:28:07,402 --> 00:28:10,483 Russia has one fifth of the world's forests. 298 00:28:10,963 --> 00:28:14,243 If they're burning, the fallout is global. 299 00:28:17,683 --> 00:28:20,763 When I arrived in Baikal there was already a drought, 300 00:28:21,082 --> 00:28:25,283 so that’s another thing that blew my mind, is that there is drought in Siberia... 301 00:28:27,723 --> 00:28:31,122 A few days into our trip, these huge fires exploded 302 00:28:31,483 --> 00:28:36,523 and they were so strong that they actually affected the climate. 303 00:28:38,683 --> 00:28:40,322 It still smells like burning. 304 00:28:43,802 --> 00:28:45,723 I had to create an installation 305 00:28:45,882 --> 00:28:48,923 and there was nothing optimistic about it. 306 00:28:51,602 --> 00:28:55,763 There were a few little yellow flowers that were growing around, 307 00:28:56,203 --> 00:28:58,642 but I just couldn't put them on the installation. 308 00:28:58,763 --> 00:29:03,483 There was nothing positive or good or hopeful about that forest. 309 00:29:04,562 --> 00:29:08,283 Environmentalists now fear it's reaching a tipping point. 310 00:29:08,963 --> 00:29:11,322 Everybody's talking about tipping points these days. 311 00:29:11,483 --> 00:29:13,362 Can you really tell me what this is about? 312 00:29:13,523 --> 00:29:17,642 The idea of a tipping point is that once these thresholds are crossed, 313 00:29:17,723 --> 00:29:22,283 we expect there to be cascading effects and feedback loops... 314 00:29:22,562 --> 00:29:25,802 that will drive even more accelerated change. 315 00:29:28,322 --> 00:29:31,362 With the fires in Siberia, 316 00:29:31,483 --> 00:29:35,362 creating this warming and accelerated melting of the permafrost... 317 00:29:35,562 --> 00:29:38,483 we have an accelerated cycle of warming, 318 00:29:38,562 --> 00:29:41,322 and then the ice just can't take hold anymore. 319 00:29:42,723 --> 00:29:47,043 We're going through the worst fires in the US ever, 320 00:29:47,122 --> 00:29:49,763 or in Siberia or even in the Amazon... 321 00:29:49,842 --> 00:29:52,723 Are those like feedback loops of the tipping points? 322 00:29:52,923 --> 00:29:54,802 Is that the consequence of the consequence? 323 00:29:55,122 --> 00:30:00,243 They are. They lead to really significant, profound land surface changes. 324 00:30:00,562 --> 00:30:04,283 So all of these things sort of cascade on themselves. 325 00:30:21,642 --> 00:30:24,402 What did you feel when you came here after two years? 326 00:30:25,003 --> 00:30:28,683 This is one of my first experiences of a great forest being burned. 327 00:30:28,842 --> 00:30:32,362 A burned forest, anthropogenically burnt forest was here. 328 00:30:32,523 --> 00:30:35,283 And definitely I'll never forget. 329 00:30:45,562 --> 00:30:48,683 It feels like you can shoot a horror movie here. 330 00:30:49,723 --> 00:30:51,523 And it was one of the most famous 331 00:30:51,602 --> 00:30:54,483 and one of the most beautiful places around Baikal. 332 00:31:00,523 --> 00:31:02,842 And you know? This way is more black. 333 00:31:06,523 --> 00:31:07,723 It's weird. 334 00:31:11,162 --> 00:31:14,562 Years ago, it was completely different. It all was evergreen... 335 00:31:15,003 --> 00:31:17,763 and it happens because of us. 336 00:31:18,243 --> 00:31:21,003 Of course, forest fire is something very natural 337 00:31:21,082 --> 00:31:24,763 and it happens just because of a thunderstorm or something... 338 00:31:25,203 --> 00:31:30,402 But now it happens like hundreds of times more frequently. 339 00:31:39,402 --> 00:31:43,402 While I was doing my exhibition in Moscow, I decided to go to Siberia, 340 00:31:43,483 --> 00:31:45,243 I had always wanted to go there. 341 00:31:45,443 --> 00:31:48,802 It was one of those places that had always fascinated me 342 00:31:49,003 --> 00:31:50,723 and especially lake Baikal. 343 00:31:55,043 --> 00:31:58,122 We got in touch with some activists who are in Siberia... 344 00:31:58,322 --> 00:32:02,802 and who agreed to welcome me and take me around... 345 00:32:02,923 --> 00:32:05,642 and start giving me a sense of lake Baikal. 346 00:32:05,723 --> 00:32:08,122 Dasha was one of those people. 347 00:32:13,203 --> 00:32:15,602 Most of us living here... 348 00:32:16,322 --> 00:32:20,322 We define ourselves not that much as Russians, 349 00:32:20,402 --> 00:32:22,122 but as Siberians. 350 00:32:25,602 --> 00:32:28,243 All the activists told me: "You have to come back in the winter." 351 00:32:28,402 --> 00:32:31,642 "You can't understand Baikal if you haven't seen the winter season." 352 00:32:31,842 --> 00:32:33,523 And they were right. 353 00:32:45,683 --> 00:32:46,882 Baikal? 354 00:32:47,283 --> 00:32:52,723 I would say that it's not only the main water source for the planet, 355 00:32:53,402 --> 00:32:57,243 it's also a great energetic resource. 356 00:32:57,402 --> 00:33:00,322 I always put my hands in and say like: "Hello, Father", 357 00:33:00,443 --> 00:33:03,203 like in this big meaning... yeah. 358 00:33:03,882 --> 00:33:05,243 And it actually helps. 359 00:33:07,402 --> 00:33:09,802 It shouldn't be like: "let's not touch nature". 360 00:33:09,963 --> 00:33:13,443 Let's touch nature but in a smart way so we actually conserve that. 361 00:33:13,963 --> 00:33:17,322 Sometimes people do something bad for the nature 362 00:33:17,402 --> 00:33:19,322 not because they don't care, 363 00:33:19,402 --> 00:33:21,402 but because they haven't thought about that. 364 00:33:21,602 --> 00:33:23,723 And when you actually explain, 365 00:33:23,923 --> 00:33:25,443 when you actually give them the message, 366 00:33:25,523 --> 00:33:28,882 you change the world with a very slight movement. 367 00:33:34,402 --> 00:33:38,802 At the end I can put a little wild herbs around it. 368 00:33:38,923 --> 00:33:40,203 Smell this one... 369 00:33:40,642 --> 00:33:41,683 I love it! 370 00:33:47,963 --> 00:33:50,802 That’s great! Yeah a little bit more on the side. 371 00:33:52,122 --> 00:33:53,402 Yeah, yeah, beautiful. 372 00:34:36,323 --> 00:34:39,602 Around the world, stronger storms and more intense droughts 373 00:34:39,722 --> 00:34:43,642 will create humanitarian crises and risk more conflict. 374 00:34:43,843 --> 00:34:46,561 Climate change has a potential to exacerbate... 375 00:34:46,762 --> 00:34:49,242 many of the challenges the world already confronts... 376 00:34:49,483 --> 00:34:53,003 For instance it can intensify competition for natural resources, 377 00:34:53,242 --> 00:34:56,363 drive up food prices and increase geopolitical tensions. 378 00:34:58,082 --> 00:35:02,403 Governments recognize that they need to factor in the risks... 379 00:35:02,483 --> 00:35:06,762 associated with climate change and alter their operations accordingly. 380 00:35:06,843 --> 00:35:09,363 Are you saying to me that all the navies around the planet... 381 00:35:09,523 --> 00:35:12,043 are already adapting to climate change? 382 00:35:12,323 --> 00:35:14,523 Well, they have to be to be resilient, yeah. 383 00:35:17,843 --> 00:35:20,843 Fresh water will be in short supply in the future, 384 00:35:20,963 --> 00:35:23,562 and it already is in some regions in the world. 385 00:35:24,562 --> 00:35:26,282 This is going to be one of the most, 386 00:35:26,843 --> 00:35:29,883 if not the most valuable resource on the planet. 387 00:35:30,162 --> 00:35:33,003 As water becomes scarcer, people get more aggressive... 388 00:35:33,122 --> 00:35:36,162 in protecting their water rights. The fight over who gets to use... 389 00:35:36,363 --> 00:35:39,602 the world's water has been a long, ongoing battle. 390 00:35:59,602 --> 00:36:02,682 This lake is over 30 million years old. 391 00:36:02,803 --> 00:36:05,122 It's the most old lake in the world. 392 00:36:05,242 --> 00:36:07,923 The most big and the purest. 393 00:36:08,003 --> 00:36:12,162 They say that with the water of Baikal you could give water, drinking water 394 00:36:12,242 --> 00:36:15,162 to the entire planet for at least over a year. 395 00:36:15,562 --> 00:36:18,843 Only on the last maybe couple of years I mean, 396 00:36:18,963 --> 00:36:21,523 locals start to realize what we have. 397 00:36:21,682 --> 00:36:24,323 Because more and more we can see... 398 00:36:24,403 --> 00:36:28,363 in the media and news that people are suffering without just water. 399 00:36:28,562 --> 00:36:31,162 The water is just... Gone. 400 00:36:35,923 --> 00:36:38,562 Our small movement become huge for all of us. 401 00:36:40,323 --> 00:36:42,803 So, yeah, of course, we start to appreciate the clean water. 402 00:36:42,883 --> 00:36:44,483 We start to fight for clean water. 403 00:36:44,562 --> 00:36:47,562 We start to scream like - "We need to save Lake Baikal!" 404 00:36:47,883 --> 00:36:49,883 A lot of people become an activist 405 00:36:49,963 --> 00:36:54,602 even like making a post on Instagram or Facebook or something. 406 00:36:54,963 --> 00:36:57,202 Maybe it's the first step to do more. 407 00:37:00,923 --> 00:37:03,043 I'm drinking water from the Lake Baikal. 408 00:37:03,162 --> 00:37:06,082 This is Lake Baikal water directly from the lake. 409 00:37:06,363 --> 00:37:08,003 And I want my sons to do the same. 410 00:37:08,122 --> 00:37:09,923 So it's really important for me. 411 00:37:11,082 --> 00:37:12,483 Could it become a militarized zone? 412 00:37:12,602 --> 00:37:14,363 I mean, could this become blue gold? 413 00:37:14,443 --> 00:37:16,762 Could it be that people will not want to share it? 414 00:37:16,923 --> 00:37:20,923 So there is research that suggests that conflicts are instigated 415 00:37:21,003 --> 00:37:24,282 and magnified by resource constrictions, 416 00:37:24,963 --> 00:37:27,523 and that water will be a flashpoint. 417 00:37:36,003 --> 00:37:38,963 I have some climate science colleagues that say 418 00:37:39,202 --> 00:37:43,202 they're less worried about the changes that the planet is undergoing 419 00:37:43,443 --> 00:37:48,082 and they're most worried about the changes that it could bring out in people. 420 00:38:06,963 --> 00:38:10,082 In the Himalayas, countries are already fighting over glaciers, 421 00:38:10,363 --> 00:38:13,403 I think we all need to understand that the solution to this... 422 00:38:13,562 --> 00:38:17,282 is not trying to have bigger controls on supply of natural resources, 423 00:38:17,523 --> 00:38:20,963 but learning how to use it controllably and ethically. 424 00:38:41,162 --> 00:38:44,282 These are the fields of the 15 houses of Samdzong, right? 425 00:38:44,843 --> 00:38:47,602 And since this year, they have abandoned all the fields. 426 00:38:47,923 --> 00:38:50,523 All the fields you see around have been abandoned. 427 00:38:59,162 --> 00:39:01,843 So this village has been here for over a thousand years, 428 00:39:02,043 --> 00:39:05,562 and now it's going to have to move because of lack of water, is that correct? 429 00:39:05,682 --> 00:39:07,483 That's a result of the glaciers drying, 430 00:39:07,562 --> 00:39:10,923 which is a result of the Earth that is warming 431 00:39:11,162 --> 00:39:12,843 due to things that we're doing, so... 432 00:39:15,242 --> 00:39:17,162 And this is happening all over the Himalaya? 433 00:39:17,282 --> 00:39:19,762 Totally. The people of Samdzong... 434 00:39:19,843 --> 00:39:22,562 are one of the first climate refugees in all of the Himalayas. 435 00:39:22,803 --> 00:39:25,363 It's a reality that they're forced to undertake. 436 00:39:25,642 --> 00:39:28,523 You know, so, for them, it's just absolutely forced migration 437 00:39:28,682 --> 00:39:32,523 brought about by a problem they don't know why or how to solve. 438 00:39:32,803 --> 00:39:34,242 So, it's a global crisis. 439 00:39:42,122 --> 00:39:46,363 It's all empty excep for our house and a few others. 440 00:39:46,523 --> 00:39:50,082 We are like refugees now. 441 00:39:50,162 --> 00:39:56,602 We know that we cannot block the changing weather. 442 00:40:03,883 --> 00:40:09,483 They've been able to rely on the seasonal water cycle of the planet for generations 443 00:40:10,642 --> 00:40:12,242 and it's treated them well. 444 00:40:12,602 --> 00:40:14,323 - Yeah, until now. - Until now. 445 00:40:17,562 --> 00:40:22,003 And they have almost no impact on our planet. 446 00:40:22,082 --> 00:40:24,843 They bring cow dung to heat themselves. 447 00:40:26,323 --> 00:40:29,602 This historical millennial village is disappearing. 448 00:40:29,803 --> 00:40:31,443 How does that make you feel? 449 00:40:31,642 --> 00:40:36,003 I just also feel like somehow, we are all to share the blame 450 00:40:36,602 --> 00:40:38,082 and like these people the least, 451 00:40:38,323 --> 00:40:41,403 because they're the least contributors, but the most affected, so... 452 00:40:41,682 --> 00:40:43,803 But they're on the edge, so they have to leave. 453 00:40:47,682 --> 00:40:51,963 What's the biggest problem overpopulation or living sustainably? 454 00:40:52,202 --> 00:40:54,523 If you take that area in Nepal, 455 00:40:54,642 --> 00:40:58,003 you compare that with an area like New York City, 456 00:40:58,202 --> 00:41:03,883 that has magnitudes more consumption than the whole of Nepal, 457 00:41:03,963 --> 00:41:06,122 which has just like a fraction of that... 458 00:41:06,323 --> 00:41:10,762 Do you mean an entire country like Nepal has a lower consumption footprint... 459 00:41:11,122 --> 00:41:12,562 - than Manhattan? - Yes. 460 00:41:12,642 --> 00:41:16,483 Massive disparities in consumption patterns between different regions. 461 00:41:19,082 --> 00:41:21,122 You know, this concept of overshoot day, 462 00:41:21,282 --> 00:41:24,923 so midway through the year we’ve consumed 463 00:41:25,122 --> 00:41:29,162 what we could sustainably manage to consume... 464 00:41:29,242 --> 00:41:32,963 for the whole year in order to live and allow it to regenerate. 465 00:41:33,843 --> 00:41:37,483 In the global north we often are told... 466 00:41:37,602 --> 00:41:41,602 that we have unlimited, boundless resources. 467 00:41:42,403 --> 00:41:47,082 Is that really a message that we want to be giving and receiving? 468 00:41:57,762 --> 00:42:00,963 I think they understood why I was there, 469 00:42:01,963 --> 00:42:04,242 and they wanted to make sure 470 00:42:04,483 --> 00:42:08,883 that I was able to transmit who they were and what they are. 471 00:42:09,082 --> 00:42:13,122 And I think that these carved mantras is probably one of the strongest things. 472 00:42:20,003 --> 00:42:23,003 - It's carved with these mantras. - Beautiful, let's put in the front. 473 00:42:23,963 --> 00:42:28,162 So that's a very strong symbol for warding off evil spirits 474 00:42:28,602 --> 00:42:31,043 and praying for victory to the gods. 475 00:42:34,082 --> 00:42:36,762 And they told me it was okay for me to use them for my installation. 476 00:42:36,843 --> 00:42:40,523 And that was something that really blew my mind 477 00:42:40,642 --> 00:42:43,642 because in my religion, you don't touch anything that's sacred. 478 00:42:43,722 --> 00:42:48,003 You can't really share it and you have to just look at it and honor it. 479 00:42:56,642 --> 00:42:58,043 Time is ticking. 480 00:42:58,642 --> 00:42:59,883 Time is ticking. 481 00:43:07,122 --> 00:43:11,403 And all those carved mantras are going to stay in Samdzong 482 00:43:12,122 --> 00:43:13,762 and they're going to leave. 483 00:43:20,202 --> 00:43:23,082 I think that the crisis that Samdzong is facing now 484 00:43:23,242 --> 00:43:27,803 is something that each of us are somehow responsible for. 485 00:43:27,883 --> 00:43:33,082 Everyone else will have to go through what Samdzong is going through today. 486 00:43:38,923 --> 00:43:42,363 More than one billion people could be displaced by the year 2050, 487 00:43:42,483 --> 00:43:45,323 according to a new analysis of global ecological threats. 488 00:43:45,523 --> 00:43:49,762 Those areas are expected to expand across one fifth of the planet 489 00:43:50,003 --> 00:43:51,883 in the next half century. 490 00:43:54,443 --> 00:44:01,323 North Africa is one of the areas that has projected the strongest migration patterns 491 00:44:01,443 --> 00:44:08,323 and the loss of water and water supply will drive many people to leave that area. 492 00:44:12,363 --> 00:44:16,483 I met quite a few refugees, both in Lampedusa and in North Africa. 493 00:44:16,682 --> 00:44:18,323 They're anonymous mostly. 494 00:44:19,923 --> 00:44:23,923 I can't even say where I was in North Africa. We weren't there legally. 495 00:44:24,562 --> 00:44:27,162 We kept on going, on and on. 496 00:44:27,883 --> 00:44:30,602 We were really tired, but we kept on going. 497 00:44:31,762 --> 00:44:34,363 It's deadly, but you don't have a choice. 498 00:44:34,523 --> 00:44:37,803 You have to reach the destination you are thinking. 499 00:44:39,403 --> 00:44:44,722 Another impact of climate change is global migration, like we've never seen before. 500 00:44:44,883 --> 00:44:47,162 It's going to require us to think about, 501 00:44:47,242 --> 00:44:49,642 to rethink how we think about 502 00:44:49,843 --> 00:44:56,122 what security, safety, human rights are in an environment 503 00:44:56,202 --> 00:44:59,682 where so many people are displaced. 504 00:45:02,883 --> 00:45:06,602 I started going to Lampedusa almost right at the beginning of my project, 505 00:45:06,762 --> 00:45:09,883 because the European island is the closest to North Africa 506 00:45:09,963 --> 00:45:11,883 and that's where a lot of people arrive. 507 00:45:11,963 --> 00:45:13,883 This was before the refugee crisis started. 508 00:45:13,963 --> 00:45:16,242 And every year it just got worse. 509 00:45:18,602 --> 00:45:23,282 In a desert or something like that, there is no policeman, there is no rule. 510 00:45:23,363 --> 00:45:26,963 Human being and a chicken is the same for them. 511 00:45:29,242 --> 00:45:32,963 I met five men who stopped me and raped me. 512 00:45:33,403 --> 00:45:35,122 All five of them. 513 00:45:37,602 --> 00:45:39,923 We suffer, we all suffer... 514 00:45:40,682 --> 00:45:43,043 but women suffer the most. 515 00:45:44,963 --> 00:45:49,883 What shocked me the most was the rape, and then this child... 516 00:45:51,082 --> 00:45:52,363 What's his name? 517 00:45:52,762 --> 00:45:56,082 He doesn't have a name yet. I don't have a name for him. 518 00:45:58,282 --> 00:45:59,562 I don't know... 519 00:45:59,883 --> 00:46:01,323 We are just here. 520 00:46:05,523 --> 00:46:06,602 I love him. 521 00:46:10,003 --> 00:46:11,363 He is innocent. 522 00:46:13,642 --> 00:46:15,082 This is Lampedusa, right? 523 00:46:17,043 --> 00:46:19,843 I had brought it to Brussels. 524 00:46:20,122 --> 00:46:23,242 People kept saying "it doesn't work" or "I don't like it"... 525 00:46:23,363 --> 00:46:29,162 but they can't really explain why... What does it mean "it doesn't work"? 526 00:46:29,242 --> 00:46:33,602 Nobody wants to talk about refugees. 527 00:46:33,843 --> 00:46:37,803 Nobody wants to see the problem, that is the truth. 528 00:46:38,242 --> 00:46:40,762 This is the purpose of my work, 529 00:46:40,843 --> 00:46:47,483 even if I create artistic compositions there is also a documentative aspect. 530 00:46:47,602 --> 00:46:49,523 This is what I found there. 531 00:46:49,722 --> 00:46:51,562 This is what I saw there. 532 00:46:51,642 --> 00:46:56,403 There is no will to understand nor to evaluate the image 533 00:46:56,602 --> 00:46:59,242 because it corresponds to something they don't like. 534 00:47:01,883 --> 00:47:08,722 Art in all its forms right now has an extra duty, like a civic duty 535 00:47:09,122 --> 00:47:12,082 to remind us of who we are, 536 00:47:12,523 --> 00:47:15,682 where we belong and what our roots are 537 00:47:15,762 --> 00:47:18,363 and what we've been able to achieve, 538 00:47:18,443 --> 00:47:20,883 and therefore what we can still achieve. 539 00:47:25,122 --> 00:47:26,722 And art can do that. 540 00:48:03,202 --> 00:48:07,242 Most of the time, our eyes stop at the first layer of the ocean 541 00:48:07,403 --> 00:48:09,722 and already that one is able to make us dream. 542 00:48:11,722 --> 00:48:15,202 - Hello! - Being in the bottom of the sea. 543 00:48:18,843 --> 00:48:22,003 But there is so much more beneath that layer. 544 00:48:22,082 --> 00:48:27,363 Imagine that 80% of all living species live in the marine environment. 545 00:48:27,642 --> 00:48:33,323 And the ocean actually covers 71% of the Earth's surface. 546 00:48:37,963 --> 00:48:42,363 So our planet that is called planet Earth, but should be called planet Ocean. 547 00:48:46,323 --> 00:48:52,562 Those animals, those marine creatures, can be really a catalyst for change, 548 00:48:52,722 --> 00:48:57,642 but this is the most important lesson that we should learn from aquarium. 549 00:49:01,282 --> 00:49:03,483 Mariasole and I met at the United Nations. 550 00:49:03,642 --> 00:49:07,523 I was a speaker for World Oceans Day and she was the moderator. 551 00:49:08,323 --> 00:49:10,242 She's a marine biologist in Italy. 552 00:49:10,843 --> 00:49:12,963 In the context of climate change, 553 00:49:13,202 --> 00:49:18,043 it is going to require us to do things really differently. 554 00:49:20,722 --> 00:49:24,562 How does it make you feel personally to see the state of the ocean? 555 00:49:24,923 --> 00:49:27,122 Witnessing the state of the ocean 556 00:49:27,523 --> 00:49:33,202 and knowing what I cannot see with my eyes, makes me sad. 557 00:49:35,242 --> 00:49:39,363 I am responsible, as an individual, as a citizen, 558 00:49:39,523 --> 00:49:43,122 as a marine biologist, as someone that works in marine conservation, 559 00:49:43,202 --> 00:49:45,242 to talk about these issues, 560 00:49:45,403 --> 00:49:49,562 to make people aware that something major is happening, 561 00:49:49,642 --> 00:49:53,883 but we still have time to turn the tide. 562 00:49:54,082 --> 00:49:57,483 Oceans are stressed at levels they have rarely been before, 563 00:49:57,602 --> 00:50:00,363 and it could have grave consequences for all of us: 564 00:50:00,523 --> 00:50:03,242 dying coral reefs and chemical pollution. 565 00:50:03,562 --> 00:50:06,803 Scientists say some of these changes are happening faster than predicted. 566 00:50:06,923 --> 00:50:10,403 Abundance of plastics filling the oceans and landfills... 567 00:50:10,483 --> 00:50:13,363 and in places on Earth that even humans don't occupy. 568 00:50:13,443 --> 00:50:16,363 The combination of these stresses could lead us... 569 00:50:16,443 --> 00:50:20,043 to a mass extinction of multiple marine species. 570 00:50:21,762 --> 00:50:27,762 Every year, about 8 to 10 million tons of plastic enter the ocean. 571 00:50:27,843 --> 00:50:30,242 And it does this through rivers. 572 00:50:32,843 --> 00:50:39,602 95% of all the plastic that enters the ocean sinks after five months. 573 00:50:41,282 --> 00:50:45,602 Somewhere that is like yet to be explored by us 574 00:50:45,762 --> 00:50:50,003 is already touched by us through plastic pollution. 575 00:50:54,323 --> 00:51:00,803 I was diving and suddenly this current came through 576 00:51:01,843 --> 00:51:04,923 and I saw all these jellyfish. 577 00:51:09,082 --> 00:51:13,043 I started to try and avoid them, and then one of them touched me. 578 00:51:13,162 --> 00:51:15,202 I backed off. 579 00:51:15,323 --> 00:51:18,043 It wasn't a jellyfish, it was a piece of plastic. 580 00:51:23,323 --> 00:51:28,483 Those pieces also absorb external chemicals... 581 00:51:28,642 --> 00:51:32,363 that are already in the ocean, like pesticide, 582 00:51:32,602 --> 00:51:38,682 but also all the odors and smells that you can find in the ocean. 583 00:51:40,602 --> 00:51:44,602 What happens is that for fish and other marine creatures, 584 00:51:44,682 --> 00:51:49,363 plastic looks like food and smells like food. 585 00:51:50,483 --> 00:51:56,483 There was this piece of pink plastic and it was exactly as the jellyfish, 586 00:51:56,923 --> 00:52:02,843 and I tied this tiny miniature hourglass around the piece of plastic 587 00:52:03,043 --> 00:52:06,242 and then I took my smallest vanity, my smallest skull, 588 00:52:06,323 --> 00:52:11,963 and I wrapped that around the other part of the piece of plastic 589 00:52:12,483 --> 00:52:15,762 and then suddenly it just looked like the scary mermaid. 590 00:52:22,122 --> 00:52:26,602 Hundreds of hundreds of marine mammals die every year 591 00:52:26,722 --> 00:52:29,443 because they have been eating plastic. 592 00:52:30,883 --> 00:52:34,003 This pilot whale is stranded and starving to death. 593 00:52:35,162 --> 00:52:38,363 It cannot eat because its stomach is full of plastic. 594 00:52:41,363 --> 00:52:45,242 The human race, humankind in the whole world, 595 00:52:45,323 --> 00:52:49,883 we drink over one million plastic bottles every minute, 596 00:52:51,043 --> 00:52:55,443 and just 8% gets correctly recycled. 597 00:52:56,963 --> 00:53:03,003 The plastic production is foreseen to increase by 40% in the next decade. 598 00:53:03,562 --> 00:53:10,202 I think that we still need to work a lot in order to change our behavior... 599 00:53:10,363 --> 00:53:16,082 and approach to something, a material, that is made to last forever. 600 00:53:19,682 --> 00:53:22,602 This is when the TimeShrine is just disappearing, 601 00:53:22,762 --> 00:53:26,483 because now we're entering into this new anthropogenic moment 602 00:53:26,562 --> 00:53:29,122 of what our oceans look like now. 603 00:53:31,602 --> 00:53:33,722 I have to find a different type of message. 604 00:53:35,003 --> 00:53:36,762 I have to show you something different. 605 00:53:37,242 --> 00:53:39,602 I have to show you what our planet is becoming. 606 00:53:39,762 --> 00:53:42,162 I have to show you how much it's changed. 607 00:53:53,843 --> 00:53:56,803 People are still discussing in the global north 608 00:53:56,963 --> 00:53:59,483 whether we're going through the Anthropocene or not. 609 00:53:59,642 --> 00:54:01,963 And so many people don't even know what it means. 610 00:54:02,122 --> 00:54:08,722 It's this period of time of rapid change in the environmental conditions. 611 00:54:30,282 --> 00:54:33,242 I started discovering the destruction by going to these locations, 612 00:54:33,562 --> 00:54:35,043 I wasn't expecting it. 613 00:54:37,282 --> 00:54:41,363 It was a little bit the other way around, really like going to these locations, 614 00:54:41,562 --> 00:54:44,523 hoping to create beautiful installations 615 00:54:44,602 --> 00:54:48,443 and realizing that I couldn't, because all I was finding there was trash. 616 00:54:50,523 --> 00:54:53,803 If I didn't know about it, probably most people didn't either. 617 00:55:01,043 --> 00:55:05,682 So humans are the dominant drivers in this new era that we're in. 618 00:55:05,803 --> 00:55:07,682 And so that touches all kinds of things. 619 00:55:07,762 --> 00:55:10,282 The way that we're modifying our environment, 620 00:55:10,443 --> 00:55:15,162 the way that we're consuming, the way that we're disposing of things. 621 00:55:15,363 --> 00:55:19,282 The largest emissions introduced into the atmosphere 622 00:55:19,443 --> 00:55:22,043 happened over the last 50 years, 623 00:55:22,242 --> 00:55:25,883 I mean, that is just a compressed time frame of change 624 00:55:26,082 --> 00:55:28,602 and these poor species, I mean, how do they keep up? 625 00:55:28,682 --> 00:55:30,762 How could they possibly keep up with that? 626 00:55:41,762 --> 00:55:45,523 And then there was a shift in my mind, in my spirit, 627 00:55:45,923 --> 00:55:49,003 about what our legacy was going to be about. 628 00:55:50,323 --> 00:55:52,403 Was our archeology going to be trash? 629 00:55:54,363 --> 00:55:56,682 Is that what our civilization is? 630 00:55:59,602 --> 00:56:03,363 Are we going to be remembered for trash? 631 00:56:13,162 --> 00:56:17,162 All the plastic that was ever produced still exists 632 00:56:17,602 --> 00:56:21,202 because it just breaks down into smaller pieces, 633 00:56:21,282 --> 00:56:24,162 but it stays. It does not biodegrade. 634 00:56:24,443 --> 00:56:29,722 And when it breaks down into pieces that are smaller than five millimeters, 635 00:56:29,803 --> 00:56:33,803 it's called micro plastic. And recent studies prove 636 00:56:33,883 --> 00:56:40,403 that basically we ingest five grams of plastic each week, 637 00:56:40,562 --> 00:56:46,122 which is the equivalent of a credit card every week. 638 00:56:59,082 --> 00:57:01,762 We went to Norway, 639 00:57:02,523 --> 00:57:05,242 we went to Patagonia, 640 00:57:05,363 --> 00:57:07,963 we went to a glacier near Santiago de Chile... 641 00:57:08,282 --> 00:57:10,762 - Also to Mount Kenya? - Yes, also to Mount Kenya. 642 00:57:10,923 --> 00:57:13,762 And that was the last expedition we did. 643 00:57:18,162 --> 00:57:20,403 I met Roberto Ambrosini through Mariasole 644 00:57:20,523 --> 00:57:25,082 because both are studying microplastics, her in the ocean and him in glaciers, 645 00:57:25,202 --> 00:57:27,722 and this is where the voice of science is important 646 00:57:27,923 --> 00:57:31,323 and where collaboration between different specialties, 647 00:57:31,403 --> 00:57:36,122 whether it's through art, through science, through engineering or whatever, 648 00:57:36,202 --> 00:57:39,363 we all have to come together to talk about these things. 649 00:57:41,242 --> 00:57:44,122 The first and only scientific demonstration so far... 650 00:57:44,242 --> 00:57:47,202 of microplastic contamination in a glacial environment 651 00:57:47,363 --> 00:57:50,122 is the work we did on the Forni glacier. 652 00:57:50,323 --> 00:57:53,562 If you want to understand the amount of contaminants of an area, 653 00:57:53,642 --> 00:57:56,883 glaciers are the right place to go. 654 00:57:57,122 --> 00:58:00,443 Is plastic contamination aerial? 655 00:58:00,523 --> 00:58:03,523 Yes, on glaciers it arrives mainly by air. 656 00:58:03,682 --> 00:58:06,523 Plastic is transported from cities, 657 00:58:06,642 --> 00:58:09,043 from down valley and arrives on the glaciers. 658 00:58:09,242 --> 00:58:13,843 So this is already a good selection, imagine downstream, in our cities... 659 00:58:14,082 --> 00:58:16,523 In our cities there is much more. 660 00:58:16,722 --> 00:58:19,562 So we all breathe microplastics every day. 661 00:58:19,642 --> 00:58:21,242 Yes, every day. 662 00:58:22,963 --> 00:58:25,963 Microplastic particles have been revealed in the placenta... 663 00:58:26,043 --> 00:58:28,722 of unborn babies for the first time. 664 00:58:28,923 --> 00:58:33,403 The particles are likely to have been consumed or breathed in by the mother. 665 00:58:36,762 --> 00:58:39,443 We need time to find the solutions, 666 00:58:39,843 --> 00:58:42,122 and the problem is that we're running out of time. 667 00:58:42,602 --> 00:58:46,443 Glaciers are like these extreme environments, 668 00:58:46,562 --> 00:58:51,282 and so within extreme environments exist bacterias and microbes 669 00:58:51,363 --> 00:58:56,483 and a whole world of elements that don't exist anywhere else, 670 00:58:56,602 --> 00:59:00,602 and perhaps have the strength of, for example, eating the microplastic... 671 00:59:00,682 --> 00:59:02,923 or destroying it. 672 00:59:03,122 --> 00:59:06,323 But they're disappearing, they're melting. 673 00:59:07,242 --> 00:59:11,162 And we have to cover them up with these intelligent materials, 674 00:59:12,523 --> 00:59:16,523 not to prevent them from melting, but only to slow it down. 675 00:59:21,363 --> 00:59:25,082 Can we still talk about mitigation or are we just... 676 00:59:25,162 --> 00:59:28,443 already in full blown adaptation? That's just the way it's going to be. 677 00:59:29,043 --> 00:59:30,682 The reality is we need it all. 678 00:59:31,003 --> 00:59:34,363 We need to be doing mitigation. We need to reduce our emissions. 679 00:59:34,523 --> 00:59:37,162 We need to be drawing down our emissions... 680 00:59:37,403 --> 00:59:40,963 at the same time that we're rapidly adapting. 681 00:59:42,562 --> 00:59:45,202 The scale of the challenges is so immense 682 00:59:45,363 --> 00:59:50,722 that it's going to take all of our systems adapting to sustain our life 683 00:59:50,843 --> 00:59:56,883 not just for humans, but for all the range of different creatures on the planet. 684 01:00:08,122 --> 01:00:11,602 But there are a range of different ways to address adaptation: 685 01:00:11,843 --> 01:00:16,642 from barriers, from walls, which are very strong interventions, 686 01:00:16,843 --> 01:00:18,722 to more passive interventions 687 01:00:18,843 --> 01:00:22,843 like more terrace structures that allow the water to flow and then recede 688 01:00:24,722 --> 01:00:27,363 but still provide some protection. 689 01:00:28,923 --> 01:00:32,883 This facility was created to protect this area 690 01:00:32,963 --> 01:00:37,443 from flood damage which is a huge problem here. 691 01:00:37,523 --> 01:00:41,082 When all the little rivers are about to overflow, 692 01:00:41,162 --> 01:00:45,803 this will be the place that ensures the safety and security of the people 693 01:00:45,883 --> 01:00:50,443 by taking all the excess water and draining it to the big river Edogawa. 694 01:01:03,202 --> 01:01:08,282 That was really important for me: to discover that concept, 695 01:01:08,883 --> 01:01:11,762 the fact that we were geologically affecting our planet. 696 01:01:11,883 --> 01:01:14,762 And it was the first time in the history of our planet. 697 01:01:15,122 --> 01:01:18,003 And the fact that we were a geological force, 698 01:01:18,082 --> 01:01:23,202 that was something that really pushed me in my project even more, 699 01:01:23,242 --> 01:01:26,403 because obviously, if we were being a negative geological force, 700 01:01:26,483 --> 01:01:29,082 we could also become a positive geological force. 701 01:01:42,162 --> 01:01:46,682 My work for the “Jóvenes por Xcalak” group... 702 01:01:47,242 --> 01:01:50,963 is monitoring snails, lobsters, 703 01:01:51,043 --> 01:01:54,682 turtles, lionfish and reefs. 704 01:01:58,363 --> 01:02:04,323 We also look for turtles caught in fishing nets 705 01:02:04,403 --> 01:02:08,043 and we set them free. 706 01:02:08,963 --> 01:02:14,602 We are an example because we're protecting species from extinction. 707 01:02:28,403 --> 01:02:32,443 "Jóvenes por Xcalak" is a great example of community science. 708 01:02:35,602 --> 01:02:37,803 We take measurements, 709 01:02:38,443 --> 01:02:41,883 we take blood samples that can be analyzed... 710 01:02:42,722 --> 01:02:47,722 They are bringing all these data to the scientific platform 711 01:02:47,803 --> 01:02:50,282 and this is real data, because they have... 712 01:02:50,443 --> 01:02:54,363 the local knowledge of the places where they can do this monitoring. 713 01:03:05,523 --> 01:03:07,003 What is the future? 714 01:03:07,082 --> 01:03:10,003 I would love to see our reefs preserved 715 01:03:10,082 --> 01:03:13,363 as we have them now, they are so beautiful. 716 01:03:13,642 --> 01:03:17,883 I am one of the people that is taking care of nature. 717 01:03:18,282 --> 01:03:24,483 We as "Jóvenes por Xcalak" conserve our planet, 718 01:03:24,602 --> 01:03:27,722 we have to transmit to our children... 719 01:03:27,843 --> 01:03:31,202 the knowledge of how to take care of our planet 720 01:03:31,363 --> 01:03:34,162 because we only have one planet, we don't have another. 721 01:03:54,443 --> 01:03:58,562 In addition to monitoring, we raise awareness in schools 722 01:03:59,043 --> 01:04:06,003 and we transmit the importance of taking care of the environment. 723 01:04:06,883 --> 01:04:11,323 As a mother I teach my daughters to preserve our species, 724 01:04:11,803 --> 01:04:16,642 because I know them and I would like them to keep reproducing 725 01:04:16,722 --> 01:04:18,843 so my daughters get to know them... 726 01:04:18,963 --> 01:04:21,323 and that their children get to know them too. 727 01:04:25,443 --> 01:04:27,562 Normally we think that... 728 01:04:27,642 --> 01:04:30,082 we go to the communities and teach them something, 729 01:04:30,202 --> 01:04:32,363 and now there's a community going out of the community 730 01:04:32,483 --> 01:04:35,043 and teach the youth in the city... 731 01:04:35,162 --> 01:04:39,803 what is happening in terms of conservation at the local level. 732 01:04:39,923 --> 01:04:42,762 But you were a "Jovenes" yourself. 733 01:04:42,843 --> 01:04:46,323 I mean, this is where you started. So this is you 10 years later. 734 01:04:54,803 --> 01:04:59,722 I started here when I was 18 years old as an environmental educator. 735 01:05:00,043 --> 01:05:03,043 My work at the United Nations is representing... 736 01:05:03,122 --> 01:05:06,403 an international nongovernmental organization. 737 01:05:06,562 --> 01:05:09,162 I am there to raise the voice of the community 738 01:05:09,323 --> 01:05:11,403 and to bring the voices of communities, 739 01:05:11,483 --> 01:05:14,602 to bring the reality of what's happening on the ground 740 01:05:14,963 --> 01:05:17,443 to the global vision. 741 01:05:20,403 --> 01:05:25,082 What surprised me about Lili was her determination. 742 01:05:26,562 --> 01:05:28,363 She’s from a very young age, 743 01:05:28,562 --> 01:05:31,602 had to deal herself with people coming in and drug dealers 744 01:05:31,722 --> 01:05:34,443 because Mexico has its issues. 745 01:05:34,523 --> 01:05:37,963 And she was confronted to a very rough reality. 746 01:05:42,562 --> 01:05:44,642 Yeah, negotiations can be tough. 747 01:05:44,762 --> 01:05:49,242 It can be frustrating... but we are there with a purpose. 748 01:05:51,443 --> 01:05:53,803 Thinking about Xcalak makes me... 749 01:05:54,403 --> 01:05:55,963 Helps me to keep up and... 750 01:05:56,282 --> 01:05:58,963 knowing that there we are looking for solutions. 751 01:06:01,722 --> 01:06:07,883 Xcalak absolutely made me belong to this planet, belong to this Earth. 752 01:06:08,443 --> 01:06:09,923 I'm amazed by its beauty, 753 01:06:10,363 --> 01:06:15,162 but also about the fragility and the social situation. 754 01:06:26,443 --> 01:06:29,602 Coming back and seeing that amount of sargassum. 755 01:06:30,242 --> 01:06:31,523 That was really shocking. 756 01:06:33,323 --> 01:06:37,282 That tells you that something is wrong, something is happening. 757 01:06:40,803 --> 01:06:44,682 That's what shocked me the most when we arrived in Xcalak, 758 01:06:44,762 --> 01:06:47,242 is that we actually smelt the sargassum seaweed 759 01:06:47,323 --> 01:06:49,363 before we actually saw it. 760 01:06:49,523 --> 01:06:51,202 And then you get to the beach. 761 01:06:52,162 --> 01:06:54,602 And it is just everywhere. There's no white sand. 762 01:06:58,043 --> 01:07:01,403 Sargassum is a natural ecosystem floating in the water, 763 01:07:01,483 --> 01:07:05,642 and it actually has its own endemic species on it 764 01:07:06,762 --> 01:07:10,923 but having a lot of it is really causing problems. 765 01:07:11,762 --> 01:07:16,923 It’s definitely something changing in the environment, in the ocean... 766 01:07:17,003 --> 01:07:20,803 So the activities that we do on land affect the ocean. 767 01:07:21,122 --> 01:07:24,722 The nutrients come in the water system, the river system, 768 01:07:24,843 --> 01:07:29,202 all these irrigates to the ocean and it affects. 769 01:07:32,602 --> 01:07:38,082 Sargassum is affecting us women economically as we work in tourism 770 01:07:38,202 --> 01:07:44,082 because of the bad smell and at the same time it ruins our things. 771 01:08:02,122 --> 01:08:04,043 This was an incredible collaboration. 772 01:08:04,242 --> 01:08:07,562 I've never done such a big collaboration with so many people. 773 01:08:07,682 --> 01:08:12,122 They're these incredible Ocean protectors, this new generation of kids. 774 01:08:12,242 --> 01:08:15,162 In their office was this huge whalebone, 775 01:08:15,803 --> 01:08:17,121 like humongous. 776 01:08:17,322 --> 01:08:20,402 And I was like "oh, my gosh, can we use that to create the installation?" 777 01:08:20,482 --> 01:08:22,482 And they were like, jumped up, yes, of course. 778 01:08:22,563 --> 01:08:26,322 Just kind of carried it out and helped me create this installation. 779 01:08:26,402 --> 01:08:29,442 So this was a real collaboration with them. 780 01:08:29,563 --> 01:08:33,563 Obviously, I could have never gotten that whalebone where it was without their help. 781 01:08:42,763 --> 01:08:48,121 Probably my big worry is that we ignore things. 782 01:08:49,723 --> 01:08:52,643 If we keep thinking that nothing is happening, 783 01:08:55,322 --> 01:08:57,201 we're not going to be able to do anything. 784 01:08:57,763 --> 01:09:00,241 We ignore the fact that things are changing. 785 01:09:01,322 --> 01:09:04,442 So, if we live in ignorance, 786 01:09:05,043 --> 01:09:06,883 we are not going to make a difference. 787 01:09:07,362 --> 01:09:08,843 We are not going to make it work. 788 01:09:09,803 --> 01:09:10,883 That's my big worry. 789 01:09:13,043 --> 01:09:15,362 You choose your own limits. 790 01:09:15,522 --> 01:09:17,121 No one else. 791 01:09:18,643 --> 01:09:21,482 And when you really love something, 792 01:09:21,963 --> 01:09:26,362 you will find several pathways, there's a lot to do! 793 01:09:32,603 --> 01:09:36,763 And this is one of those places that really made me want to... 794 01:09:36,923 --> 01:09:39,963 go beyond the installation, 795 01:09:40,081 --> 01:09:44,362 and tell the stories of who was behind the installation, 796 01:09:44,442 --> 01:09:46,643 of the backstage of the installation, 797 01:09:46,763 --> 01:09:49,322 of what I've learnt and who I've met. 798 01:09:52,081 --> 01:09:55,643 As you can see Mimi and Panchita are excellent, 799 01:09:55,803 --> 01:10:00,082 incredible examples of why 50% of humanity is key... 800 01:10:00,162 --> 01:10:03,843 for the world of tomorrow and for the protection of the oceans. 801 01:10:04,043 --> 01:10:07,963 The sargassum seaweed has tripled from last year. 802 01:10:08,723 --> 01:10:10,883 As much as they are courageous 803 01:10:11,082 --> 01:10:16,683 and are doing locally everything that they should and can do to survive 804 01:10:17,162 --> 01:10:21,122 are very much aware of how fast the environment is changing 805 01:10:21,482 --> 01:10:25,723 and how much their survival depends on global change. 806 01:10:34,563 --> 01:10:38,522 I go really deep under the sea to see what's happening there. 807 01:10:38,603 --> 01:10:40,043 Do you know what I found? 808 01:10:40,122 --> 01:10:43,843 I started to see the changes that were happening around the world... 809 01:10:44,043 --> 01:10:46,843 We actually are physically changing the planet. 810 01:10:46,923 --> 01:10:48,482 We have that power. 811 01:10:48,563 --> 01:10:50,442 We will have to choose what we want to keep... 812 01:10:50,522 --> 01:10:52,442 and what we are ready to let go. 813 01:10:53,843 --> 01:10:57,003 So that was another really interesting moment 814 01:10:57,082 --> 01:11:00,923 when teachers and professors started coming to my shows 815 01:11:01,003 --> 01:11:03,442 and asking me if they could come back with their students. 816 01:11:03,563 --> 01:11:06,923 I had never anticipated that. 817 01:11:07,082 --> 01:11:10,963 We can choose between a positive and constructive life 818 01:11:11,482 --> 01:11:14,803 or a negative and superficial life. 819 01:11:15,442 --> 01:11:19,522 I realized that my art, in a way, had a voice. 820 01:11:19,603 --> 01:11:21,043 The question is: 821 01:11:21,442 --> 01:11:24,482 do we want to live on a planet where snow leopards still exist? 822 01:11:24,563 --> 01:11:27,923 Today the United Nations says that by 2050... 823 01:11:28,442 --> 01:11:32,803 And that children and youth really got it. 824 01:11:33,003 --> 01:11:34,603 What can we do to help? 825 01:11:35,003 --> 01:11:38,963 We can all fix something, even if it is something very small 826 01:11:39,683 --> 01:11:41,122 and make it beautiful again. 827 01:11:41,803 --> 01:11:44,643 Does anybody have a last question before we show the last film? 828 01:11:44,883 --> 01:11:47,843 I think your project is cool because, you know, "Save the Planet" and... 829 01:11:48,643 --> 01:11:49,843 Yeah, it’s awesome. 830 01:11:50,122 --> 01:11:55,242 But I think you are not giving real tips of how to save it 831 01:11:55,803 --> 01:11:59,603 because it’s your generation and the generation above you that... 832 01:11:59,923 --> 01:12:01,603 you know, destroy our planet in a way. 833 01:12:02,723 --> 01:12:05,242 You can teach us to save our planet 834 01:12:06,003 --> 01:12:09,963 but actually we can’t do because we are teens. 835 01:12:11,242 --> 01:12:15,202 The politicians can do something but they don’t care so much in the end. 836 01:12:16,963 --> 01:12:21,043 What happened is that I saw the youth evolve, 837 01:12:21,362 --> 01:12:23,643 the first year they would listen to me graciously 838 01:12:23,723 --> 01:12:26,282 and then little by little, I started getting pushback. 839 01:12:28,362 --> 01:12:30,603 People ask me what I want to do when I grow up, 840 01:12:30,963 --> 01:12:33,883 and my question is why do I have to grow up to be somebody? 841 01:12:35,563 --> 01:12:37,683 You say you love your children above all else 842 01:12:39,043 --> 01:12:42,803 and yet you are stealing their future in front of their very eyes. 843 01:12:43,003 --> 01:12:45,603 Greta Thunberg is a young woman from Sweden 844 01:12:46,043 --> 01:12:50,643 who has decided to make her life’s mission to save the world from climate change. 845 01:12:51,162 --> 01:12:53,043 It’s a shame because we could change the world, 846 01:12:53,122 --> 01:12:54,603 it’s up to us to change the world. 847 01:12:54,683 --> 01:12:56,843 But right now, only old people can vote 848 01:12:56,923 --> 01:12:58,723 and old people don’t want to change the world. 849 01:13:02,763 --> 01:13:07,442 Millions of people around the world today are gathering for climate strike. 850 01:13:07,683 --> 01:13:10,043 The demonstrations are being held... 851 01:13:10,202 --> 01:13:12,883 with activist Greta Thunberg’s Fridays for Future movement, 852 01:13:13,003 --> 01:13:16,563 which invites young people stage school strikes for the climate 853 01:13:18,563 --> 01:13:22,322 When Greta Thunberg and the youth movement started, 854 01:13:22,442 --> 01:13:26,643 I was really not surprised, because I had already started seeing those reactions... 855 01:13:26,723 --> 01:13:29,603 for over a year in my educational projects. 856 01:13:45,202 --> 01:13:50,043 I met Alexandria in New York when she was 13 years old, 857 01:13:50,122 --> 01:13:54,003 and that was right at the beginning of the Fridays for the Future Movement. 858 01:13:54,482 --> 01:13:57,322 She's that generation that belongs to the Anthropocene, 859 01:13:57,402 --> 01:14:01,563 where these children are taking onto their shoulder these responsibilities 860 01:14:01,643 --> 01:14:04,402 and these challenges and these worries for their future. 861 01:14:08,563 --> 01:14:11,122 Sitting at this bench is a very cold, 862 01:14:11,282 --> 01:14:14,883 I have been school striking in wind, rain, sleet, snow, 863 01:14:14,963 --> 01:14:20,322 and I've even striked in the polar vortex in a subzero sleeping bag. 864 01:14:22,482 --> 01:14:25,043 Some people have geotagged it Alexandria's bench. 865 01:14:25,122 --> 01:14:27,883 Sitting at this bench has turned myself into an activist 866 01:14:27,963 --> 01:14:32,763 where I'm constantly working now to have a future to get climate action. 867 01:14:43,883 --> 01:14:46,883 My family has always been really connected with nature, 868 01:14:47,322 --> 01:14:51,242 so when I was younger, we'd go on family road trips to the beach 869 01:14:51,322 --> 01:14:54,963 and there'd be the specific beach, Pebble Beach in Northern California 870 01:14:55,043 --> 01:14:57,082 that we would always go to. 871 01:14:57,242 --> 01:15:01,402 And it would be really fun because I'd get to bury my dad in the pebbles... 872 01:15:01,482 --> 01:15:04,082 and they'd bury me in the pebbles. 873 01:15:10,803 --> 01:15:13,843 Pebble Beach is disappearing because with sea level rises, 874 01:15:13,923 --> 01:15:17,402 the water is getting higher to the point... 875 01:15:17,522 --> 01:15:20,563 where the beach may no longer exist anymore. 876 01:15:23,043 --> 01:15:26,803 And with the beach disappearing, it's like a part of myself disappearing. 877 01:15:32,122 --> 01:15:38,202 Having that love for California and wanting to protect where you're from, 878 01:15:38,522 --> 01:15:42,563 it really makes me feel more encouraged to stay going. 879 01:15:48,563 --> 01:15:51,763 No, CO2 emissions are not actually harmful to the planet. 880 01:15:51,843 --> 01:15:57,563 I hate to see so many young people especially panicking about climate change. 881 01:15:57,643 --> 01:16:01,043 The climate hysteria movement is not about science. 882 01:16:01,122 --> 01:16:05,242 If it were about science, it would be led by scientists rather than by politicians 883 01:16:05,442 --> 01:16:09,723 and the mentally ill Swedish child who is being exploited by her parents... 884 01:16:13,202 --> 01:16:19,442 I think when people read articles about that, sadly it's a good sign 885 01:16:19,522 --> 01:16:23,282 because that means that they're really threatened by our beliefs 886 01:16:23,482 --> 01:16:26,082 and how we're really making a difference 887 01:16:26,162 --> 01:16:29,402 to the point where we're threatening what they've thought for so long. 888 01:16:29,683 --> 01:16:35,082 And so the way they fight back is trying to cyberbullying us 889 01:16:35,162 --> 01:16:38,122 and we're trying to save them as well. 890 01:16:38,282 --> 01:16:41,362 And their children and their grandchildren, 891 01:16:41,442 --> 01:16:43,963 the people who are the climate deniers... we're saving them. 892 01:16:49,242 --> 01:16:53,522 Do you feel that what you're getting out of what you're doing now as an activist 893 01:16:53,683 --> 01:16:56,923 is something you would not have gotten from school? 894 01:16:57,322 --> 01:17:01,122 I definitely think the educational system is something that will have to change 895 01:17:01,643 --> 01:17:05,003 because we aren't being taught the crisis we're in. 896 01:17:05,082 --> 01:17:07,082 We're not being told the truth. 897 01:17:07,242 --> 01:17:09,723 A lot of the time we're being taught about how to live... 898 01:17:09,843 --> 01:17:12,603 in the same world we're in, how to be the same consumers. 899 01:17:12,803 --> 01:17:15,162 That's what we have to learn on ourselves 900 01:17:15,242 --> 01:17:18,603 and have to push back and teach ourselves, which isn't fair. 901 01:17:22,763 --> 01:17:24,883 I think that in the environmental movement, 902 01:17:25,003 --> 01:17:28,082 there was a before and an after Fridays for the Future for sure, 903 01:17:28,522 --> 01:17:33,202 In a couple of months they were able to start communicating... 904 01:17:33,282 --> 01:17:39,082 and get through messages that lot of us had never been able to get through. 905 01:17:40,763 --> 01:17:45,843 But it doesn't take away the fact that Alexandria never had a little girl's life. 906 01:17:46,003 --> 01:17:50,162 And that is because of what the generations before them did. 907 01:17:52,402 --> 01:17:53,803 And that is extremely unfair. 908 01:17:57,122 --> 01:17:59,723 The system is broken and it needs to change. 909 01:17:59,963 --> 01:18:02,202 That's what all the activists are calling for. 910 01:18:02,282 --> 01:18:05,522 We're calling for a system change, not climate change. 911 01:18:06,003 --> 01:18:09,003 Failure is not an option for us because this is our future 912 01:18:09,162 --> 01:18:12,202 and we're going to make sure that we have a livable planet. 913 01:18:27,282 --> 01:18:31,402 It's so striking because in the cities we're so disconnected from nature. 914 01:18:32,162 --> 01:18:37,723 But yet we are the ones that are and will be affecting the natural world. 915 01:18:39,923 --> 01:18:42,923 You know, technology and wealth have never rated this high, 916 01:18:43,242 --> 01:18:48,402 and yet we've probably never faced such an uncertain future, as right now. 917 01:18:49,003 --> 01:18:53,563 It suggests that there's more to be done to channel the technology toward 918 01:18:54,282 --> 01:18:58,603 where our sustainability challenges are right now, like in this moment. 919 01:19:03,242 --> 01:19:08,442 Are there ways to align the incentives of innovation 920 01:19:09,003 --> 01:19:11,362 to be focused more on climate solutions. 921 01:19:11,963 --> 01:19:16,122 And there's this whole area of climate tech, which is focused on that, 922 01:19:16,202 --> 01:19:19,803 like how do we rapidly innovate in the energy space 923 01:19:19,883 --> 01:19:23,282 and the climate solutions based in the agriculture space. 924 01:19:27,522 --> 01:19:28,643 - Can you hear me? - Yes. 925 01:19:29,202 --> 01:19:30,442 Yes, I can. 926 01:19:33,162 --> 01:19:35,282 This is like a science fiction movie. 927 01:19:37,043 --> 01:19:42,563 We are looking at the first ever experimental underwater farm in the world. 928 01:19:43,082 --> 01:19:44,442 Is that Basil? 929 01:19:44,843 --> 01:19:46,442 It looks so healthy. 930 01:19:48,043 --> 01:19:49,362 It even looks happy. 931 01:19:49,603 --> 01:19:51,003 I mean, look at it! 932 01:19:52,322 --> 01:19:55,723 Can you imagine how many people we could feed? 933 01:19:57,162 --> 01:19:59,883 It is completely self-sufficient. 934 01:20:02,763 --> 01:20:04,242 We're swimming in the future! 935 01:20:16,563 --> 01:20:17,803 Technology is a tool, 936 01:20:18,282 --> 01:20:19,763 it's like a knife: 937 01:20:20,043 --> 01:20:24,963 you can use it to share a piece of cake, or you can use it to kill. 938 01:20:25,082 --> 01:20:30,122 So, it's up to us, the tool is there. It's up to us how we want to use it. 939 01:20:36,522 --> 01:20:40,723 Is that happening all over the planet or is just going to be for the global north? 940 01:20:40,923 --> 01:20:45,442 The hope is that they'll be able to share both that knowledge and those resources. 941 01:20:45,563 --> 01:20:49,043 So we do have more of an equitable allocation. 942 01:20:49,683 --> 01:20:53,003 Because our ability to take action is going to be different 943 01:20:53,122 --> 01:20:57,843 than the people's ability to take action in the other places you've been visiting. 944 01:21:04,843 --> 01:21:07,963 And we can learn from them and they can learn from us. 945 01:21:11,803 --> 01:21:13,322 And it's not a one-way street. 946 01:21:13,963 --> 01:21:16,563 This is a mutual engagement. 947 01:21:17,763 --> 01:21:19,683 If we choose it. 948 01:21:40,122 --> 01:21:42,402 My ancestors, my grandparents lived here. 949 01:21:44,122 --> 01:21:50,442 We came here, grew up and lived generation after generation. 950 01:21:58,082 --> 01:22:01,003 These are communities that are a barrier 951 01:22:01,162 --> 01:22:06,122 between full blown economic exploitation of the Amazon and the nature, 952 01:22:06,202 --> 01:22:08,082 so they're the last frontier. 953 01:22:10,122 --> 01:22:15,082 You see how little technology they have considering how much more they need. 954 01:22:15,162 --> 01:22:18,082 There's absolutely no investment made by the government. 955 01:22:19,883 --> 01:22:23,723 The new technologies that are coming out are really a support for us. 956 01:22:25,162 --> 01:22:29,282 Like the drones, that we can elevate to check who is there 957 01:22:29,522 --> 01:22:32,683 and that helps protect us from dangers. 958 01:22:35,843 --> 01:22:39,923 Wouldn't that be incredible to coevolve with the technology, 959 01:22:40,003 --> 01:22:43,683 to really bring it to bear on the issues 960 01:22:43,763 --> 01:22:47,563 that are the most pressing for our civilization and society? 961 01:22:47,643 --> 01:22:50,763 Is coevolution an option... With a positive...? 962 01:22:50,883 --> 01:22:53,242 - It sounds so positive. - Absolutely. 963 01:22:57,043 --> 01:23:01,242 I believe that traditions and technology can be combined. 964 01:23:01,322 --> 01:23:05,043 When they will come together... 965 01:23:05,242 --> 01:23:09,643 a greater knowledge will take form. 966 01:23:16,522 --> 01:23:20,202 We came back down from Cashiboya, and next thing we knew, 967 01:23:20,282 --> 01:23:24,923 Coronavirus had hit all of Europe and the United States. 968 01:23:32,322 --> 01:23:37,442 We barely made it out of Lima because there were no more flights. 969 01:23:38,242 --> 01:23:42,202 There's always a cultural shock once you come back from a place like the Amazon. 970 01:23:42,282 --> 01:23:46,043 But then it was like that the world had completely changed overnight. 971 01:23:47,683 --> 01:23:48,723 We can't go back. 972 01:23:49,082 --> 01:23:52,643 This is something incredibly non-linear that has just happened. 973 01:23:53,242 --> 01:23:57,522 And the ripple effects are enormous. They're incredible. 974 01:24:02,003 --> 01:24:05,643 Everything has just been shifted forward. 975 01:24:06,362 --> 01:24:09,003 You know, we have this thing we call it climate vision, 976 01:24:09,082 --> 01:24:12,763 when you can look ahead and see what those impacts will be. 977 01:24:12,843 --> 01:24:15,442 But now we're just, we're feeling those impacts 978 01:24:15,563 --> 01:24:18,282 and these waves that are, like, crashing on top of each other. 979 01:24:28,043 --> 01:24:33,563 I have been bedridden for about a month and a half, almost two. 980 01:24:34,082 --> 01:24:38,522 So are there a lot of Covid cases in the community? 981 01:24:39,242 --> 01:24:40,482 Thousands of thousands, 982 01:24:40,563 --> 01:24:46,723 hundreds of hundreds of Indios have died because of the Coronavirus. 983 01:24:46,803 --> 01:24:50,963 What do you think about this situation with the government? 984 01:24:51,763 --> 01:24:55,043 It's like they say "they can die." 985 01:24:55,162 --> 01:24:56,923 Or something like that... 986 01:24:57,003 --> 01:24:59,522 We have been pushed aside and forgotten by the government. 987 01:24:59,603 --> 01:25:02,122 They don't give us much importance, 988 01:25:02,883 --> 01:25:06,563 they care more about those in the city. 989 01:25:11,082 --> 01:25:15,043 And as climate change impacts accelerate and expand, 990 01:25:15,963 --> 01:25:20,603 we're going to see more of these types of compounding cascading tipping points. 991 01:25:20,683 --> 01:25:25,843 It's like a boot camp of what could happen in the Anthropocene, right? 992 01:25:26,282 --> 01:25:30,442 That's a big transition point for us. 993 01:25:39,322 --> 01:25:42,043 So there's important lessons to learn from this: 994 01:25:42,122 --> 01:25:45,603 how to keep each other safe, what does security mean, 995 01:25:47,282 --> 01:25:50,603 how do we love each other through crises. 996 01:26:02,563 --> 01:26:07,683 - Where are we going to put the third one? - I think it’s going on the top. 997 01:26:07,843 --> 01:26:09,763 Ok, so we need “Trash”. 998 01:26:12,923 --> 01:26:17,122 - It’s 42 cm here. - I’m at... 41. 999 01:26:22,522 --> 01:26:27,122 Going and creating art in places that are so challenging and so difficult 1000 01:26:27,242 --> 01:26:33,442 and meeting Earth protectors that have to deal with difficulties and societal issues 1001 01:26:33,843 --> 01:26:40,322 and then coming back to a world of beauty and sophistication and wealth, 1002 01:26:40,603 --> 01:26:42,202 never bothered me at all. 1003 01:26:47,043 --> 01:26:48,763 My art had the purpose. 1004 01:26:48,963 --> 01:26:52,402 The purpose of bringing back these stories and sharing them, 1005 01:26:52,643 --> 01:26:55,442 but also the fact that by selling the art, 1006 01:26:55,563 --> 01:27:00,282 I was also contributing to help these communities through my foundation. 1007 01:27:17,803 --> 01:27:19,643 So many systems have flaws, you know? 1008 01:27:20,723 --> 01:27:24,522 I think the best approach would be rather than being outside the system, 1009 01:27:24,643 --> 01:27:29,162 to push that thing through the system and I would love to be a part of it. 1010 01:27:31,482 --> 01:27:33,282 Do you believe that that's going to happen? 1011 01:27:33,603 --> 01:27:35,723 Do you really believe in the future? 1012 01:27:36,043 --> 01:27:39,442 There are so many things that prevent us from believing that it will happen. 1013 01:27:39,803 --> 01:27:42,162 But I think that the approach is to believe. 1014 01:27:44,322 --> 01:27:47,603 For me personally, it would be even if it never happened in my entire life, 1015 01:27:47,683 --> 01:27:49,843 I would tell my children that it will happen. 1016 01:27:56,322 --> 01:27:59,643 Definitely, the art takes its whole meaning 1017 01:28:00,202 --> 01:28:03,763 once it's in an exhibition, and it's seen 1018 01:28:03,883 --> 01:28:08,322 and it can touch people from a completely different reality. 1019 01:28:08,763 --> 01:28:12,162 Not everyone will have positive reactions... 1020 01:28:12,242 --> 01:28:16,162 Those are beautiful images, but they make you think... 1021 01:28:19,043 --> 01:28:22,723 That's what empowers it. That's what makes it purposeful. 1022 01:28:23,402 --> 01:28:26,522 It can be shared and seen by people 1023 01:28:26,603 --> 01:28:29,322 who could never else relate to any of those realities. 1024 01:28:32,362 --> 01:28:36,122 We had seen things that could change. 1025 01:28:40,482 --> 01:28:44,603 But in that race of awareness are we bringing solutions? 1026 01:28:44,963 --> 01:28:51,082 Are we bringing tangible solutions that are going to help people on the frontline? 1027 01:28:52,322 --> 01:28:54,322 One Planet One Future... 1028 01:28:54,402 --> 01:28:56,803 is the show at the Moscow Modern Art Museum 1029 01:28:57,043 --> 01:28:59,202 on the issues related to global pollution. 1030 01:28:59,282 --> 01:29:02,603 When I think of us as Mankind, 1031 01:29:02,923 --> 01:29:08,843 I feel that at the same time we are very very small and silly 1032 01:29:09,242 --> 01:29:11,843 compared with Nature. 1033 01:29:14,963 --> 01:29:17,322 On the other side we are very very strong. 1034 01:29:18,563 --> 01:29:22,442 Each small person can make a huge difference. 1035 01:29:29,242 --> 01:29:32,162 I don't exactly know what people are going to do, 1036 01:29:32,643 --> 01:29:35,683 but I think the crisis is getting so urgent... 1037 01:29:35,763 --> 01:29:40,643 that people will start thinking of ways that the youth aren't thinking of, 1038 01:29:40,723 --> 01:29:43,482 in ways where they do become violent. 1039 01:29:49,122 --> 01:29:51,683 There is still more room for civil disobedience 1040 01:29:51,763 --> 01:29:55,003 because now is the time to do direct action. 1041 01:30:11,723 --> 01:30:14,202 In order to survive as a species, 1042 01:30:14,282 --> 01:30:20,803 we need to step back a little bit and talk about also regeneration. 1043 01:30:21,723 --> 01:30:26,803 We have changed the very essence of the ocean in the past 50 years. 1044 01:30:27,322 --> 01:30:29,043 Now it's time to give back. 1045 01:30:32,963 --> 01:30:34,763 I think I'm just the tip of the iceberg. 1046 01:30:34,923 --> 01:30:39,082 I think there's an entire generation of artists arriving after me 1047 01:30:39,162 --> 01:30:42,603 who will take on that role in extraordinary ways 1048 01:30:42,683 --> 01:30:45,282 that I have not even been able to imagine. 1049 01:30:47,923 --> 01:30:53,563 But if in my generation we don't create the installations and the TimeShrines 1050 01:30:53,643 --> 01:30:55,963 and we don't put them in front of nature; 1051 01:30:56,122 --> 01:30:58,923 what's going to happen to the next generation of artists? 1052 01:31:01,003 --> 01:31:03,522 What are they going to have to photograph?94412

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