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(people conversing)
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- I always question myself,
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how can we create something new?
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I wanna know if the farmer did a good job.
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Where did you get the animal?
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Did the animal live well?
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Is it well slaughtered in the right way?
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All those things are very important.
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I was raised in the butcher shop.
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I was almost born in the butcher shop.
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(calm music)
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I wanna make everything transparent.
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I want people to see the meat.
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And everybody said, "Don't do it,
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"because people don't eat meat anymore.
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"Don't show it."
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I said, "No, I'm a butcher.
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"Let's put the meat in front and let's show them,"
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and I did it anyway.
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This is a Hereford from Ireland,
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a Simmental, a Baviere from Germany.
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This is West Flemish ones from our breeds.
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So you see they all have the different ones that we work on.
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Being a butcher is not only about cutting up meat,
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but it's about trying to work nose to tail
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to appreciate every little piece of that animal.
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Nothing, nothing gets lost.
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So this is like my playroom for maturing things.
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It's all very fresh now.
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Lamb, we salt it and we dry it again.
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A lot of flavor again.
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Fresh herbs we put on it.
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That's why they say be creative in what you do.
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So many little things to explore,
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so it's Disneyland for me.
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(metal scraping)
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So I have two kinds of beef we're gonna taste.
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So the West Flemish one.
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(knife scraping)
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And then we have a Holsteiner cow that's really a milk cow.
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See this marbling?
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Then we still have a matured pork
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that we'll have matured for four weeks.
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(meat sizzling)
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- [Nick] There's a debate out there
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about whether or not we should be eating meat.
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(glasses clinking)
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- Cheers. - Cheers.
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- [Nick] It's a debate about our planet,
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our ethics, and our health.
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- [Crowd] There's no excuse for animal abuse!
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(crowd chanting)
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But what if we're arguing about the wrong thing?
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(gate squeaking)
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What if the very animals we're fighting about
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are a key piece of fixing what's broken?
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(pigs squealing)
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(hooves clopping)
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(cattle lowing)
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(tranquil music)
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To understand this debate, we have to know how we got here.
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How did we become a nation
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and a world obsessed with making as much food as possible,
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seemingly without regard to consequence?
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- We're in Northwest Indiana,
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about a hundred miles from Chicago,
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a hundred miles from Indianapolis,
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and we're surrounded here by corn and soybean farmers.
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(engine rumbling)
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So yeah, this here has been a crop ground,
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corn, bean, wheat rotation, for many, many, many years.
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And far as you can see going that way
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is just corn and beans.
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Wherever you see trees is pretty much a hill
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or it's a ditch.
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Everything else has been cleared for farming.
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Go ahead.
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- Well, in high school actually,
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we were high school sweethearts,
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and Paul bought his first farm
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when we were seniors in high school.
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He just decided he wanted to be a farmer when he grew up,
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so he bought a farm.
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It was cheap, rough ground, and that's what he did.
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And how much did you spend on your first equipment?
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Like it was from the junkyard.
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I mean, it was pretty rough. - Yeah, like $1,500.
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(both laugh)
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- It was pretty rough,
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and so, (laughs) he became a good mechanic too.
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(tranquil music)
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(machinery clanks)
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Most of 'em are GMO crops.
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- [Paul] It's mainly corn and beans.
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- [Joanne] Lots of corn and soybeans.
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- [Paul] A little bit of wheat.
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(engine rumbling)
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- [Joanne] It's commercial agriculture,
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so a lot of the spraying, the fungicides.
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It's hot and heavy.
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(engine roaring)
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This is kind of the heart of it.
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(engine rumbling)
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Basically the only way you get ahead is just grow more
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and more and more, and better yields, better yields.
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The quality necessarily isn't important.
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(building creaking)
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- We have this absolute irony occurring
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in that as we put more and more emphasis
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on commodity agriculture production,
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we're not only seeing the nutritional quality
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of food significantly decline and human health decline,
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but we're also seeing the economic health
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of farmers and ranchers declining.
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(engine rumbling)
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- [Paul] We market our grain off the board of trade.
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Then we market to the elevators here.
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- You're subject to the commodity market.
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You don't get to set your own price.
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All the large farmers are subject to that.
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You can do future trading
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and try to take a price ahead of time,
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pick a price, but it's...
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- Risky.
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- [Joanne] So it's a rough road for commercial farming.
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(melancholy music)
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- The average farmer is actually losing money
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in their crop production, and on top of losing money,
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they're using chemicals and synthetic fertilizers
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that are degrading and eroding our soils
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and our ecosystems around us.
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(chicks chirping)
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- [Joanne] The bills pile up,
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and there's only so much money that comes in,
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and a lot of times it comes in seasonally,
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and so you get really good at begging for forgiveness
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on the telephone and being really sweet to your creditors.
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I want my kids to be strong and tough.
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That legacy wasn't what I was wanting to pass on to them,
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that black hole.
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We want our farm not to be a black hole.
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(wind whooshing)
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(pensive music) (engine rumbling)
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- [Nick] The current industrial agricultural system
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has its roots in the aftermath of World War II,
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when an urgent need to produce more food collided
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with a new era of scientific discovery.
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- The farming community that I am part of responded
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at the end of the Second World War
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to the food security emergency,
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and the tools that they used were essentially chemistry.
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The arrival of chemical fertilizers
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and pesticides liberated farmers from the practice
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which was standard all over the world,
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namely building fertility with a succession of crops,
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grain crops, vegetable crops, in a crop rotation,
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and then grazed by livestock.
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That was mixed farming.
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And now we have chemically assisted monocultures.
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(bright music)
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(machine whirring)
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- [Narrator] Today, agriculture is going far beyond nature
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to produce new miracles
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for an even better, more abundant life.
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On the farm today, wherever you look,
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you see the handiwork of scientists:
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improved crops, more productive-
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- That system has separated livestock production
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from grain production.
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It's had profound consequences for the way we produce food.
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(ominous music)
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- You look at the Midwest now in the United States,
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this massive monoculture of corn and soy
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and corn and corn and corn and soy, and more corn.
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So this massive amount of monoculture
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is having devastating effects on the environment.
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What used to be great biodiversity is gone.
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- [Nick] The industrialization of crop production,
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the idea that every acre must produce as much as possible,
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was also applied to livestock production.
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- Animal agriculture simply doesn't fit
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that sort of mechanistic model of industrialization.
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They're biological beings.
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You crowd the animals together
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so they can't exhibit normal animal behavior,
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and so the animals are under stress.
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(chickens clucking)
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If you have animals on the land
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as they were most of history up until very recently,
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then when you create the waste
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and the waste goes back and is regenerated in the soil
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and goes back to produce nutrients
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for the crops that produce the feed,
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and you have a regenerative process.
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But when you concentrate those animals
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in these large-scale operations,
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you're concentrating your waste,
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just like you do in any other industrial operation.
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- [Nick] Industrialized agriculture was heralded
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as a modern miracle.
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Food scarcity turned into overabundance,
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every step of the process tweaked for maximum efficiency.
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- [Narrator] Each American farm worker feeds more people
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than any other farmer on earth.
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History teaches that a nation grows
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according to its agriculture, the very basis of life.
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- [Nick] And in laboratories,
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food manufacturers were experimenting
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with how to make food more convenient and more desirable.
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- [Announcer] Birds Eye frozen instant baby foods.
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Important natural vitamin and valuable-
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- [Robb] The agricultural revolution has been transitioned
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into the processed food revolution.
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- [Announcer] Just add water.
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No further cooking.
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Ready in 20 seconds.
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- We started adding more sugar to things like sodas.
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The ability to make things like TV dinners
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started ramping up, so we started thinking about,
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how can we extend the shelf life in foods?
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And so we started adding more sugar,
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more salt, more flavor combinations.
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♪ You grab 'em ♪
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♪ Pop pop pop ♪
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♪ You want 'em ♪
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♪ Pop pop pop ♪
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♪ You crunch 'em ♪
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♪ Crunch 'em, crunch 'em, crunch 'em ♪
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- [Nick] What began as a mission to feed America
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became a mission to excite America's taste buds.
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♪ Get some ♪
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♪ Get some ♪
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♪ Get some ♪
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- Pringles. (lid pops)
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- Our food has been designed to be addictive
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by the food industry.
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This is no accident, and it's intentional.
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- We all have taste buds, but are we using them?
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- Our brains are wired in a way
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that makes us seek out really calorie-dense,
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highly rewarding foods, and rewarding means something
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that makes you wanna do it over and over and over again.
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And the big food companies that sell these foods know that,
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and they actually employ scientists
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that make these foods as maximally addicting as possible.
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- Cocoa Pebbles.
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One spoonful, and those tiny pebbles
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cover every single taste bud
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with an avalanche of awesomeness.
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(hip-hop music) So only Pebbles
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rocks your whole mouth.
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(pensive music) (cart rattling)
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- We live in this ubiquitous food environment
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with literally infinite palate and flavor experiences.
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If we just walk into a standard convenience store,
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we have more flavor and palate options
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than literally any pharaoh of Egypt,
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king of England has ever had at their disposal.
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- [Nick] One of the unintended consequences
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of this miracle is our failing health.
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- It's no big secret why obesity rates are rising.
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Farmers have known for thousands of years,
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if you wanna fatten up your animals,
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you put them in a pen where they can't run around
267
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and get physical activity, and you feed them lots of grain.
268
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Humans are like that too.
269
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- [Nick] But instead of warning people
270
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about the dangers of processed foods,
271
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the government told us to eat less fat.
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- [Announcer] When it comes to calories, fat is the enemy.
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- For you, sir?
274
00:14:29,033 --> 00:14:30,933
- I believe I'll have the turkey and avocado
275
00:14:30,933 --> 00:14:32,100
on whole wheat, please.
276
00:14:32,100 --> 00:14:33,367
- [Announcer] Choose fish as the main dish
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instead of pork or beef or high-fat lunch meat.
278
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Suffice it to say that fats
279
00:14:37,267 --> 00:14:39,567
and cholesterol have long been recognized
280
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as increasing the risk of heart disease and strokes.
281
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More recently, high-fat diets have also been linked
282
00:14:45,067 --> 00:14:47,400
to certain types of cancer.
283
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- You think, "Who cares what the government recommends?
284
00:14:49,900 --> 00:14:53,400
"Nobody goes to dot-gov website to look up their diet."
285
00:14:53,400 --> 00:14:55,400
But what is recommended
286
00:14:55,400 --> 00:14:58,833
by the US Dietary Guidelines for Americans
287
00:14:58,833 --> 00:15:01,433
is actually incredibly powerful.
288
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Nutritionists, dieticians, doctors, nurses,
289
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any healthcare practitioner,
290
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they take the dietary guidelines
291
00:15:08,333 --> 00:15:10,067
and they just give it to the public.
292
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(pensive music)
293
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This is what determines school lunch programs.
294
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They must meet those standards.
295
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- So I looked at the school for today,
296
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and they could have breakfast for lunch.
297
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The kids can have pancakes, tater tots,
298
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baked apple slices and syrup.
299
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What's available?
300
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Just carbs.
301
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That doesn't fill you up, and it makes you want more.
302
00:15:38,133 --> 00:15:43,133
The net carbs for this meal which is offered by the school
303
00:15:44,033 --> 00:15:47,533
contains 23 teaspoons of sugar,
304
00:15:47,533 --> 00:15:51,600
almost a half a cup of sugar for lunch.
305
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- If we're mainly sticking to foods
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that have minimal processing, most folks do okay on that.
307
00:15:57,467 --> 00:16:00,167
It's when we highly process these foods
308
00:16:00,167 --> 00:16:03,300
and start creating amazing flavor combinations
309
00:16:03,300 --> 00:16:06,500
that people find it very difficult to avoid overeating.
310
00:16:06,500 --> 00:16:09,467
You could make the case that if you're not fat,
311
00:16:09,467 --> 00:16:12,167
sick, diabetic, and broken in the modern food environment,
312
00:16:12,167 --> 00:16:14,300
you're kind of screwing up.
313
00:16:14,300 --> 00:16:16,367
- If you look at the 30,000-foot view
314
00:16:16,367 --> 00:16:17,967
of what happened in American health,
315
00:16:17,967 --> 00:16:21,400
we said, "Stop eating fat, stop eating cholesterol,
316
00:16:21,400 --> 00:16:24,867
"eat less meat, eat lean meat," and what happened?
317
00:16:26,067 --> 00:16:28,500
Globally, we just got really, really obese.
318
00:16:28,500 --> 00:16:29,500
We got diabetes.
319
00:16:29,500 --> 00:16:31,367
We got metabolic syndrome.
320
00:16:31,367 --> 00:16:33,600
That messaging just hasn't worked for our health.
321
00:16:33,600 --> 00:16:37,067
- A warning if you frequent the supermarket deli section,
322
00:16:37,067 --> 00:16:39,067
researchers have found a direct link
323
00:16:39,067 --> 00:16:40,067
between eating processed meats-
324
00:16:40,067 --> 00:16:42,000
- Processed meats cause cancer,
325
00:16:42,000 --> 00:16:44,167
and red meat probably does too.
326
00:16:44,167 --> 00:16:46,167
- [Nick] When this low-fat message led
327
00:16:46,167 --> 00:16:48,200
to further declines in health,
328
00:16:48,200 --> 00:16:50,667
the blame shifted to red meat.
329
00:16:50,667 --> 00:16:52,367
- [Newscaster] Factor in developing cancer.
330
00:16:52,367 --> 00:16:56,667
- Red meat is now worse for us in our minds
331
00:16:56,667 --> 00:16:58,333
than fat ever could have been
332
00:16:58,333 --> 00:17:01,633
because there are so many more reasons to avoid red meat,
333
00:17:01,633 --> 00:17:03,067
not only for your health,
334
00:17:03,067 --> 00:17:04,633
but also now for the goodness of others,
335
00:17:04,633 --> 00:17:06,133
including not killing animals,
336
00:17:06,133 --> 00:17:08,200
and for the good of the planet.
337
00:17:08,200 --> 00:17:09,733
- [Woman] Hi, help save animals?
338
00:17:09,733 --> 00:17:11,200
Thank you.
339
00:17:11,200 --> 00:17:12,067
Would you like one?
340
00:17:12,067 --> 00:17:12,933
Thanks.
341
00:17:14,433 --> 00:17:19,367
- When I was 16, I met another teenage girl who was a vegan.
342
00:17:20,267 --> 00:17:21,300
Her whole family were vegans.
343
00:17:22,267 --> 00:17:25,099
Even at that young age, I was already somebody
344
00:17:25,099 --> 00:17:29,200
who was extremely concerned about the planet
345
00:17:29,200 --> 00:17:31,967
and about animals and about justice,
346
00:17:31,967 --> 00:17:34,133
and I was very impassioned.
347
00:17:34,133 --> 00:17:37,133
And here she came with her vegan world,
348
00:17:37,133 --> 00:17:39,767
and it all made complete sense to me.
349
00:17:39,767 --> 00:17:43,000
I grew up in a very sort of urban-suburban environment.
350
00:17:43,000 --> 00:17:45,100
I had no idea where food came from,
351
00:17:46,233 --> 00:17:47,633
and she told me all these horrible things
352
00:17:47,633 --> 00:17:51,400
about the conditions of animals in factory farms,
353
00:17:51,400 --> 00:17:53,400
and she's completely right about that.
354
00:17:53,400 --> 00:17:56,267
I mean, none of that has gotten any better in my lifetime.
355
00:17:56,267 --> 00:17:57,600
So I was utterly convinced,
356
00:17:57,600 --> 00:17:59,400
and within a week or two, I had decided
357
00:17:59,400 --> 00:18:02,400
that I was going to also be a vegan, and I did.
358
00:18:03,433 --> 00:18:05,433
- What happens a lot of times when people cut out meat,
359
00:18:05,433 --> 00:18:08,500
it's part of this sort of overhaul of their diet,
360
00:18:08,500 --> 00:18:10,167
and they join a community.
361
00:18:10,167 --> 00:18:11,800
They join a cause.
362
00:18:11,800 --> 00:18:15,467
They eat more plants, which is generally a good idea
363
00:18:15,467 --> 00:18:17,100
for almost every American.
364
00:18:17,100 --> 00:18:19,433
That part of eating more plants I love.
365
00:18:19,433 --> 00:18:22,133
It's the exclusion of key nutrients and key food
366
00:18:22,133 --> 00:18:24,700
categories that just never really sits right with me.
367
00:18:25,767 --> 00:18:27,300
(food sizzling)
368
00:18:27,300 --> 00:18:29,767
- So I had all the good books, and I read them all,
369
00:18:29,767 --> 00:18:32,267
and I thought that I had this all down.
370
00:18:32,267 --> 00:18:34,167
I had little charts on the refrigerator,
371
00:18:34,167 --> 00:18:36,033
like where you're gonna get your amino acids,
372
00:18:36,033 --> 00:18:37,600
and lentils and black beans
373
00:18:37,600 --> 00:18:39,133
and brown rice and this and that.
374
00:18:39,133 --> 00:18:42,067
(melancholy music)
375
00:18:43,200 --> 00:18:44,400
The things that went wrong for me,
376
00:18:44,400 --> 00:18:47,700
immediately I ended up with terrible blood sugar problems.
377
00:18:47,700 --> 00:18:49,333
So the blood sugar crashes
378
00:18:49,333 --> 00:18:50,633
were happening almost immediately.
379
00:18:50,633 --> 00:18:51,800
I just didn't know what it was.
380
00:18:51,800 --> 00:18:53,467
So there was that problem.
381
00:18:53,467 --> 00:18:54,733
About two years in,
382
00:18:54,733 --> 00:18:57,800
I ended up with degenerative discs in my spine.
383
00:18:57,800 --> 00:18:59,367
That's permanent.
384
00:18:59,367 --> 00:19:01,467
You don't get your joints back once they're destroyed.
385
00:19:02,633 --> 00:19:04,367
I've got multiple autoimmune diseases.
386
00:19:04,367 --> 00:19:07,367
I also did quite a number on my reproductive organs.
387
00:19:07,367 --> 00:19:09,467
I pretty much stopped menstruating
388
00:19:09,467 --> 00:19:11,733
about a year into being a vegan,
389
00:19:11,733 --> 00:19:14,267
but I just accepted it as just life,
390
00:19:14,267 --> 00:19:15,400
like it didn't even occur to me
391
00:19:15,400 --> 00:19:17,567
that I was doing it to myself.
392
00:19:20,767 --> 00:19:22,833
- There are some people who seem to be healthy
393
00:19:22,833 --> 00:19:24,833
on a vegan diet.
394
00:19:24,833 --> 00:19:28,233
For most people, it seems to be only a matter of time
395
00:19:28,233 --> 00:19:31,267
before something in their health suffers
396
00:19:31,267 --> 00:19:34,400
and it drives them away from their vegan diet.
397
00:19:36,333 --> 00:19:38,233
- There are many essential nutrients,
398
00:19:38,233 --> 00:19:40,333
like B12, for example,
399
00:19:40,333 --> 00:19:43,433
that are either exclusively found in animal foods
400
00:19:43,433 --> 00:19:47,867
or are much more easily obtained from animal foods.
401
00:19:47,867 --> 00:19:52,600
Other nutrients like iron and zinc and EPA and DHA,
402
00:19:52,600 --> 00:19:55,533
which are the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids,
403
00:19:55,533 --> 00:19:58,633
and calcium, which are found in plant foods,
404
00:19:58,633 --> 00:20:00,867
but they're much more bioavailable,
405
00:20:00,867 --> 00:20:04,633
which means absorbable, from animal foods.
406
00:20:04,633 --> 00:20:07,767
Supplements often don't come in the same form
407
00:20:07,767 --> 00:20:11,567
that you would get if you eat that nutrient in food.
408
00:20:11,567 --> 00:20:12,767
Getting nutrients from food
409
00:20:12,767 --> 00:20:15,367
should always be the first choice.
410
00:20:17,867 --> 00:20:20,500
- [Newscaster] A major warning for red meat lovers,
411
00:20:20,500 --> 00:20:22,233
the big announcement today putting meat
412
00:20:22,233 --> 00:20:24,600
in the same category as cigarettes.
413
00:20:24,600 --> 00:20:26,733
- Wow. - Despite clear evidence
414
00:20:26,733 --> 00:20:30,167
that red meat provides essential nutrition,
415
00:20:30,167 --> 00:20:32,433
you can't blame people for being confused.
416
00:20:32,433 --> 00:20:34,567
- [Newscaster] That we have heard about as carcinogens.
417
00:20:34,567 --> 00:20:37,233
- A kind of big, splashy news stories
418
00:20:37,233 --> 00:20:38,433
in the news cycle a while back
419
00:20:38,433 --> 00:20:40,900
that eating red meat was as bad for you
420
00:20:40,900 --> 00:20:44,767
as smoking cigarettes, which is absolutely preposterous.
421
00:20:44,767 --> 00:20:47,233
- [Nick] The problem with these news stories is
422
00:20:47,233 --> 00:20:48,900
that observational studies
423
00:20:48,900 --> 00:20:51,267
do not actually prove direct cause.
424
00:20:52,600 --> 00:20:55,600
- If you get a bunch of people together and study them,
425
00:20:55,600 --> 00:20:57,800
people who eat more red meat
426
00:20:57,800 --> 00:21:00,367
on average are more likely to smoke cigarettes.
427
00:21:00,367 --> 00:21:02,200
They're more likely not to exercise.
428
00:21:02,200 --> 00:21:04,333
They're more likely not to eat fruits and vegetables.
429
00:21:04,333 --> 00:21:05,833
They're more likely to be overweight,
430
00:21:05,833 --> 00:21:07,533
have high blood pressure,
431
00:21:07,533 --> 00:21:11,200
and have all of these other factors and behaviors
432
00:21:11,200 --> 00:21:14,333
which would increase their risk of disease.
433
00:21:14,333 --> 00:21:15,767
- So it's not the meat itself.
434
00:21:15,767 --> 00:21:18,867
It's what the meat is eaten with, right?
435
00:21:18,867 --> 00:21:21,700
So if you eat a whole-foods, plant-rich diet
436
00:21:21,700 --> 00:21:23,533
and you consume meat as part of it,
437
00:21:23,533 --> 00:21:25,667
there's no evidence it's really harmful.
438
00:21:25,667 --> 00:21:28,467
I think we have unfortunately vilified meat
439
00:21:28,467 --> 00:21:31,567
where there really is not strong evidence that we should.
440
00:21:31,567 --> 00:21:33,967
- Animal products getting all the blame
441
00:21:33,967 --> 00:21:37,467
is putting the whole attention
442
00:21:37,467 --> 00:21:40,800
on division between plant foods and animal foods,
443
00:21:40,800 --> 00:21:42,800
and the real elephant in the room
444
00:21:42,800 --> 00:21:44,900
is the processed food industry.
445
00:21:44,900 --> 00:21:48,700
We know that it's very harmful for public health,
446
00:21:48,700 --> 00:21:50,300
and rather than tackling that,
447
00:21:50,300 --> 00:21:53,633
we are just scapegoating meat.
448
00:21:53,633 --> 00:21:55,300
- We're trying to blame meat
449
00:21:55,300 --> 00:21:57,900
for the modern illnesses of obesity and diabetes
450
00:21:57,900 --> 00:21:59,867
and cancer and heart disease.
451
00:21:59,867 --> 00:22:01,367
It is far more likely
452
00:22:01,367 --> 00:22:05,000
that modern food is responsible for modern illness,
453
00:22:05,000 --> 00:22:07,400
not a substance that we have been eating
454
00:22:07,400 --> 00:22:08,833
for 3 1/2 million years.
455
00:22:14,600 --> 00:22:17,700
(machine whirring)
456
00:22:17,700 --> 00:22:19,500
(meat thuds)
457
00:22:19,500 --> 00:22:21,767
- [Nick] Another unintended consequence
458
00:22:21,767 --> 00:22:24,833
of the seemingly miraculous food system
459
00:22:24,833 --> 00:22:26,933
is a compromised morality.
460
00:22:28,767 --> 00:22:32,867
Producing meat fast and cheap comes at a high price.
461
00:22:32,867 --> 00:22:36,367
(machine whirring)
462
00:22:36,367 --> 00:22:38,867
(pigs oinking)
463
00:22:40,933 --> 00:22:44,433
- I used to believe that if you're gonna eat meat,
464
00:22:44,433 --> 00:22:47,733
you need to be comfortable killing animals.
465
00:22:49,467 --> 00:22:51,400
Come on, girls and boy.
466
00:22:51,400 --> 00:22:54,700
I have since come to a point
467
00:22:54,700 --> 00:22:58,900
where I recognize that there are a lot of things that people
468
00:22:58,900 --> 00:23:02,533
do in other professions that I don't wanna do.
469
00:23:02,533 --> 00:23:04,767
I think it is imperative that if you're gonna eat meat,
470
00:23:04,767 --> 00:23:06,833
that you understand the process,
471
00:23:06,833 --> 00:23:09,600
that you understand that that meat was a live animal,
472
00:23:09,600 --> 00:23:12,633
that it was killed for your nutrition.
473
00:23:15,733 --> 00:23:18,600
I probably worked on 20 farms
474
00:23:18,600 --> 00:23:21,400
before we started our own farm.
475
00:23:21,400 --> 00:23:24,333
They've been in here for a month and a half.
476
00:23:24,333 --> 00:23:25,933
There's still grass in there,
477
00:23:25,933 --> 00:23:27,500
but they're definitely digging up a lot of it,
478
00:23:27,500 --> 00:23:30,400
getting a lot of poop out there, which is great.
479
00:23:30,400 --> 00:23:31,800
I worked on veggie farms
480
00:23:31,800 --> 00:23:35,900
and realized all the veggie farms, if they were organic,
481
00:23:35,900 --> 00:23:37,400
were using animal products,
482
00:23:37,400 --> 00:23:39,433
whether there were animals there or not.
483
00:23:39,433 --> 00:23:43,600
They were trucking in manure or bone meal
484
00:23:43,600 --> 00:23:45,033
or blood meal or feather meal.
485
00:23:45,967 --> 00:23:47,100
If you don't have animals,
486
00:23:47,100 --> 00:23:49,967
you've still gotta put nutrients in the soil somehow.
487
00:23:51,500 --> 00:23:54,033
There isn't three feet of topsoil in the Midwest
488
00:23:54,033 --> 00:23:57,833
because farmers were growing kale for 2,000 years.
489
00:23:57,833 --> 00:24:02,767
It's 'cause there were bison roaming the plains and pooping.
490
00:24:02,767 --> 00:24:04,467
And once I realized that, I was like,
491
00:24:04,467 --> 00:24:06,867
"Well, I gotta learn how to grow animals then."
492
00:24:06,867 --> 00:24:09,667
(animals chewing)
493
00:24:09,667 --> 00:24:11,000
I like listening to 'em eat,
494
00:24:12,533 --> 00:24:13,800
especially in the summer
495
00:24:13,800 --> 00:24:15,900
when they're on grass and they move.
496
00:24:15,900 --> 00:24:17,567
They're just as excited as they were today
497
00:24:17,567 --> 00:24:18,733
every time you move 'em.
498
00:24:20,067 --> 00:24:22,800
And then you can, you just hear 'em eating grass.
499
00:24:22,800 --> 00:24:24,967
It's like one of the most satisfying things.
500
00:24:27,400 --> 00:24:29,800
If my end goal is a closed system,
501
00:24:29,800 --> 00:24:31,733
then the animals have to be there.
502
00:24:31,733 --> 00:24:33,633
That has to be a part of it.
503
00:24:33,633 --> 00:24:35,667
(tranquil music)
504
00:24:35,667 --> 00:24:39,400
(roosters crowing)
505
00:24:39,400 --> 00:24:41,133
I learn a lot on YouTube,
506
00:24:41,133 --> 00:24:43,533
like I learned how to pull piglets out of a sow
507
00:24:43,533 --> 00:24:46,767
that was struggling farrowing at 2:00 AM in the night
508
00:24:46,767 --> 00:24:49,067
watching a video on YouTube. (laughs)
509
00:24:49,067 --> 00:24:52,867
Next thing I knew, I was shoulder deep inside a pig,
510
00:24:52,867 --> 00:24:54,200
pulling out a piglet.
511
00:24:54,200 --> 00:24:56,867
(jaunty music)
512
00:24:59,667 --> 00:25:03,167
The slaughter industry in New England is
513
00:25:03,167 --> 00:25:06,033
a weak point in livestock production.
514
00:25:09,100 --> 00:25:12,833
- We will be receiving animals through this door here.
515
00:25:12,833 --> 00:25:16,733
The pen system in itself has incorporated all the guidelines
516
00:25:16,733 --> 00:25:19,967
that Temple Grandin, who is the authority
517
00:25:19,967 --> 00:25:23,600
as far as humane treatment in facilities
518
00:25:23,600 --> 00:25:25,700
in the US and throughout the world.
519
00:25:25,700 --> 00:25:27,100
It's a one shock.
520
00:25:27,100 --> 00:25:29,033
It'll render the animal unconscious the first time
521
00:25:29,033 --> 00:25:30,600
so that there's no suffering.
522
00:25:30,600 --> 00:25:32,200
- This was started to solve a problem.
523
00:25:32,200 --> 00:25:34,033
This is really the result.
524
00:25:34,033 --> 00:25:35,467
This is a solution to a problem
525
00:25:35,467 --> 00:25:37,200
that a group of local farmers had.
526
00:25:37,200 --> 00:25:38,733
You're gonna cut that open when?
527
00:25:38,733 --> 00:25:39,600
Later, right?
528
00:25:39,600 --> 00:25:40,767
And they'll put
529
00:25:40,767 --> 00:25:42,033
a cooler in there. - Yeah, yeah, yeah.
530
00:25:42,033 --> 00:25:43,767
Probably by the time they get this-
531
00:25:43,767 --> 00:25:45,033
- Most consumers don't really
532
00:25:45,033 --> 00:25:46,867
give the meat processing a second thought.
533
00:25:46,867 --> 00:25:48,533
However, the farmers do.
534
00:25:48,533 --> 00:25:49,867
In Southern new England,
535
00:25:49,867 --> 00:25:53,733
we don't have many quality processing options
536
00:25:53,733 --> 00:25:55,133
that are USDA-inspected.
537
00:25:59,133 --> 00:26:01,767
You see those three doors right there?
538
00:26:01,767 --> 00:26:04,600
Those are the chutes that the animals will be coming in,
539
00:26:04,600 --> 00:26:06,633
and then that's where the rail is
540
00:26:06,633 --> 00:26:09,167
that the animals will then come on
541
00:26:09,167 --> 00:26:11,767
and move through the process.
542
00:26:11,767 --> 00:26:12,767
(cattle lowing)
543
00:26:12,767 --> 00:26:14,900
- We had gotten to a point
544
00:26:14,900 --> 00:26:18,733
where pretty much every time I left the slaughterhouse,
545
00:26:18,733 --> 00:26:21,767
I would get home just furious about something.
546
00:26:22,633 --> 00:26:25,733
I've watched my animals kicked.
547
00:26:25,733 --> 00:26:30,533
We'd get ground beef back with bones ground into it.
548
00:26:30,533 --> 00:26:34,533
And it's heartbreaking because we pour our souls
549
00:26:34,533 --> 00:26:36,667
and pocketbooks into raising these animals,
550
00:26:36,667 --> 00:26:39,667
and we're in control of every day except one.
551
00:26:41,200 --> 00:26:44,200
Our dream processing facility
552
00:26:45,600 --> 00:26:49,633
would honor the death of our animals the way
553
00:26:49,633 --> 00:26:51,633
that we honor the life of our animals.
554
00:26:53,100 --> 00:26:56,767
- The system is broken, and we're really hopeful
555
00:26:56,767 --> 00:26:58,533
that with a new facility
556
00:26:58,533 --> 00:27:00,900
that's coming from a farmer's perspective,
557
00:27:00,900 --> 00:27:02,833
that it's gonna help change
558
00:27:02,833 --> 00:27:05,967
and make a difference in everyone's life.
559
00:27:05,967 --> 00:27:08,633
(bright music)
560
00:27:22,633 --> 00:27:25,633
(people conversing)
561
00:27:25,633 --> 00:27:28,300
- We have quite a few first-time customers
562
00:27:28,300 --> 00:27:31,233
who have been vegetarian or vegan,
563
00:27:31,233 --> 00:27:34,333
and with going to the doctor
564
00:27:34,333 --> 00:27:36,667
or deciding that they need to introduce meat,
565
00:27:36,667 --> 00:27:38,833
they come to us.
566
00:27:38,833 --> 00:27:41,067
A lot of them haven't cooked meat before,
567
00:27:41,067 --> 00:27:44,200
or they have, but it's been a really long time.
568
00:27:44,200 --> 00:27:45,700
And here's our meat locker.
569
00:27:46,600 --> 00:27:48,333
These are all hind legs,
570
00:27:48,333 --> 00:27:50,833
so these are good for roast beef.
571
00:27:50,833 --> 00:27:52,333
We use 'em for sandwiches.
572
00:27:52,333 --> 00:27:54,067
- [Monica] We define local as
573
00:27:54,067 --> 00:27:56,933
within 150 miles of the butcher shop.
574
00:27:56,933 --> 00:28:00,167
- [Aaron] I have a couple of ribs over here.
575
00:28:00,167 --> 00:28:04,267
- That means that the animals are raised within 150 miles.
576
00:28:04,267 --> 00:28:06,867
They're slaughtered within 150 miles.
577
00:28:06,867 --> 00:28:09,733
So we really try and keep it as tight as possible.
578
00:28:09,733 --> 00:28:11,300
- And since we only get whole animals,
579
00:28:11,300 --> 00:28:15,300
there's only a certain number of cuts per animal.
580
00:28:16,867 --> 00:28:20,200
- [Monica] We realized that another cafe or restaurant
581
00:28:20,200 --> 00:28:22,400
wasn't really what was needed in our community.
582
00:28:22,400 --> 00:28:25,900
What was really needed was a place
583
00:28:25,900 --> 00:28:28,033
where we could get meat that we could trust.
584
00:28:29,400 --> 00:28:32,633
- The farms that we work with, we go through a long process
585
00:28:32,633 --> 00:28:35,767
in terms of figuring out who we actually wanna work with.
586
00:28:35,767 --> 00:28:38,400
We talk with the farmers and the ranchers
587
00:28:38,400 --> 00:28:42,633
and just see what they do, how they do it.
588
00:28:45,233 --> 00:28:46,667
- The thing about being a vegan is
589
00:28:46,667 --> 00:28:48,400
that it's not just what you eat.
590
00:28:48,400 --> 00:28:51,800
It becomes who you are, for most of us anyway.
591
00:28:51,800 --> 00:28:54,100
It really becomes sort of the main sense
592
00:28:54,100 --> 00:28:56,667
of our identity is being a vegan.
593
00:28:56,667 --> 00:28:59,400
And what that means is it's really hard
594
00:28:59,400 --> 00:29:02,400
to absorb counter-information.
595
00:29:02,400 --> 00:29:04,233
Anything that would be threatening
596
00:29:04,233 --> 00:29:06,300
to that vegan worldview really feels like
597
00:29:06,300 --> 00:29:07,933
it's a threat to who you are.
598
00:29:07,933 --> 00:29:09,333
- [Newscaster] Animal rights activists
599
00:29:09,333 --> 00:29:12,167
from the group Direct Action Everywhere in Berkeley
600
00:29:12,167 --> 00:29:14,767
have been targeting Whole Foods for several years now.
601
00:29:14,767 --> 00:29:16,200
- Modernity said it was a good idea
602
00:29:16,200 --> 00:29:19,767
if we got as many people as possible into towns and cities,
603
00:29:19,767 --> 00:29:23,800
got them as far the hell away as we could from soil,
604
00:29:23,800 --> 00:29:26,967
blood, killing, growing anything.
605
00:29:26,967 --> 00:29:27,967
This was progress.
606
00:29:27,967 --> 00:29:30,933
(crowd chanting)
607
00:29:30,933 --> 00:29:32,867
Nobody thought this thing through.
608
00:29:32,867 --> 00:29:35,467
What will people think about food
609
00:29:35,467 --> 00:29:38,267
if they never have any contact with it?
610
00:29:38,267 --> 00:29:40,267
And there's a lot of people who are just very confused.
611
00:29:40,267 --> 00:29:42,367
- [Crowd] How many animals have to die?
612
00:29:42,367 --> 00:29:44,367
- And they're trying to make really important moral
613
00:29:44,367 --> 00:29:46,100
and ethical decisions about what they should eat
614
00:29:46,100 --> 00:29:47,100
and how they should live,
615
00:29:47,100 --> 00:29:48,867
but it's quite hard to make important moral
616
00:29:48,867 --> 00:29:51,967
and ethical decisions if you don't know very much.
617
00:29:51,967 --> 00:29:55,367
It's easy to fall for extreme, simple answers.
618
00:29:55,367 --> 00:29:57,867
(woman shouting indistinctly)
619
00:29:57,867 --> 00:30:00,367
- [Crowd] Animals do not want to die!
620
00:30:00,367 --> 00:30:02,900
(woman shouting indistinctly)
621
00:30:02,900 --> 00:30:05,367
Animals do not want to die!
622
00:30:05,367 --> 00:30:06,967
(woman shouting indistinctly)
623
00:30:06,967 --> 00:30:11,967
- In June of 2017, we had a Sunday night class,
624
00:30:13,300 --> 00:30:17,833
and this particular class was a half hog butchery demo.
625
00:30:19,000 --> 00:30:22,167
At that class, some protestors showed up
626
00:30:22,167 --> 00:30:24,767
and came to our door, and they were dressed in all black,
627
00:30:24,767 --> 00:30:26,233
and they had candles,
628
00:30:26,233 --> 00:30:28,000
and it was like a candlelight vigil
629
00:30:28,000 --> 00:30:30,933
for the animal that had passed.
630
00:30:30,933 --> 00:30:33,533
- [Crowd] Animals do not want to die!
631
00:30:33,533 --> 00:30:36,000
(woman shouting indistinctly)
632
00:30:36,000 --> 00:30:40,000
- And over time, the protests got louder and bigger.
633
00:30:41,900 --> 00:30:45,000
After the second or third protest,
634
00:30:45,000 --> 00:30:47,000
I reached out to them via email
635
00:30:47,000 --> 00:30:49,833
and asked to meet with them because I really didn't
636
00:30:49,833 --> 00:30:52,533
understand what their end goal was.
637
00:30:52,533 --> 00:30:54,533
I felt like we must have some common ground.
638
00:30:54,533 --> 00:30:57,367
- We know that we are on the side of justice.
639
00:30:57,367 --> 00:30:59,433
We're on the side of compassion and nonviolence.
640
00:30:59,433 --> 00:31:01,367
We intend to liberate the city of Berkeley
641
00:31:01,367 --> 00:31:03,900
by banning all violence towards animals,
642
00:31:03,900 --> 00:31:06,467
in effect, banning meat in Berkeley.
643
00:31:06,467 --> 00:31:09,200
- They basically told us that their end goal was
644
00:31:09,200 --> 00:31:13,300
to make Berkeley a meat-free city by 2020,
645
00:31:13,300 --> 00:31:14,933
and to shut us down.
646
00:31:14,933 --> 00:31:19,867
- As we have moved away from a very visceral,
647
00:31:21,033 --> 00:31:23,567
day-to-day dependency on our ecological womb,
648
00:31:23,567 --> 00:31:27,233
we have become incredibly unreasonable
649
00:31:27,233 --> 00:31:31,967
and un-common-sensical as to how this all works.
650
00:31:31,967 --> 00:31:35,400
I don't see this whole thing about ethics of eating animals
651
00:31:35,400 --> 00:31:38,967
as a new sacred search
652
00:31:38,967 --> 00:31:42,600
into a spiritual cosmic understanding.
653
00:31:42,600 --> 00:31:46,000
It's an incredible trademark
654
00:31:46,000 --> 00:31:49,267
of a devolution into disconnectedness.
655
00:31:51,233 --> 00:31:54,400
- We countered by saying, "Well, what are the compromises?
656
00:31:54,400 --> 00:31:58,133
"What are our options to have these protests go away?"
657
00:31:59,400 --> 00:32:01,433
They finally came back to us and said,
658
00:32:01,433 --> 00:32:04,500
"We have some solutions."
659
00:32:04,500 --> 00:32:07,000
The agreement was if we put the sign up,
660
00:32:07,000 --> 00:32:10,000
they won't protest our store anymore.
661
00:32:10,000 --> 00:32:12,933
So we took that option.
662
00:32:12,933 --> 00:32:16,133
We were trying to keep the whole thing on the down-low
663
00:32:16,133 --> 00:32:20,600
because we didn't want to give them a voice in the public,
664
00:32:20,600 --> 00:32:24,033
but once we put the sign up, they took that as a win,
665
00:32:24,033 --> 00:32:25,967
and they issued a press release,
666
00:32:25,967 --> 00:32:30,267
and the press release went international.
667
00:32:30,267 --> 00:32:33,000
- [Newscaster] Vegan activists rallied outside for months,
668
00:32:33,000 --> 00:32:34,900
carrying out gruesome stunts.
669
00:32:34,900 --> 00:32:36,300
- [Newscaster] Calling off the protestors
670
00:32:36,300 --> 00:32:38,233
that have been outside their store weekly
671
00:32:38,233 --> 00:32:39,467
for the last three months.
672
00:32:39,467 --> 00:32:42,033
- The business is so fed up with all of it,
673
00:32:42,033 --> 00:32:44,400
it's decided to throw the activists a bone.
674
00:32:44,400 --> 00:32:47,667
- Posters saying that killing animals is violent and unjust.
675
00:32:47,667 --> 00:32:49,033
- [Newscaster] Quote, attention:
676
00:32:49,033 --> 00:32:50,233
Animals' lives are their right.
677
00:32:50,233 --> 00:32:54,067
Killing them is violent and unjust, no matter how it's done.
678
00:32:57,467 --> 00:33:01,200
- We had our best August ever after that press release.
679
00:33:03,000 --> 00:33:06,967
I think that vegans and proponents of sustainable
680
00:33:06,967 --> 00:33:09,700
ranching and sustainable livestock production
681
00:33:09,700 --> 00:33:11,200
do have a lot in common.
682
00:33:13,000 --> 00:33:16,000
The majority of meat produced in this country is
683
00:33:16,000 --> 00:33:18,933
under such abhorrent conditions.
684
00:33:18,933 --> 00:33:22,933
We both are making reactions to the same evil, if you will.
685
00:33:22,933 --> 00:33:25,900
They're just different choices of how to do it.
686
00:33:29,267 --> 00:33:32,000
(pensive music)
687
00:33:33,333 --> 00:33:36,700
- [Nick] Some argue that rather than change the system,
688
00:33:36,700 --> 00:33:40,333
we should get rid of cows and simply make meat ourselves.
689
00:33:41,633 --> 00:33:43,700
- One of the ideas that has been floated is
690
00:33:43,700 --> 00:33:45,967
we'll just grow meat in a lab.
691
00:33:45,967 --> 00:33:47,533
But the irony to this,
692
00:33:47,533 --> 00:33:50,633
to the notion of selling lab-grown meat
693
00:33:50,633 --> 00:33:53,367
as a sustainable option,
694
00:33:53,367 --> 00:33:55,600
is that nobody asked the question,
695
00:33:55,600 --> 00:33:58,633
where do the nutrients come from to grow the meat?
696
00:34:00,200 --> 00:34:04,300
The inputs are provided by row crop-centric agriculture
697
00:34:04,300 --> 00:34:07,967
which are grown with fossil fuel inputs
698
00:34:07,967 --> 00:34:10,033
and then introduced into a lab.
699
00:34:10,033 --> 00:34:13,199
Then they are massively processed into vats
700
00:34:13,199 --> 00:34:17,567
of essentially biological goo shipped around the world.
701
00:34:19,266 --> 00:34:22,733
Somehow that's being marketed as a sustainable option.
702
00:34:22,733 --> 00:34:26,233
- The Beyond Meat and the Impossible Burger folks
703
00:34:26,233 --> 00:34:27,667
and others like them
704
00:34:27,667 --> 00:34:32,000
have done an incredible public relations campaign
705
00:34:32,000 --> 00:34:35,300
making people believe that these big vats
706
00:34:35,300 --> 00:34:38,433
of fake product, they just happen.
707
00:34:38,433 --> 00:34:41,567
I mean, I have this great big cylinder,
708
00:34:41,567 --> 00:34:44,500
and it's brewing, you know, and it's just so cool,
709
00:34:44,500 --> 00:34:47,100
and out the other end comes the Impossible Burger.
710
00:34:48,300 --> 00:34:50,766
They have done a great job of presenting this
711
00:34:50,766 --> 00:34:54,199
as something out of nothing, and it's not.
712
00:34:54,199 --> 00:34:57,533
There are tractor trailer loads of crops that are grown with
713
00:34:57,533 --> 00:35:00,267
big machinery and petroleum fertilizer,
714
00:35:00,267 --> 00:35:03,200
and pesticides that are destroying the earthworms
715
00:35:03,200 --> 00:35:07,100
and creating monocultures, that birds have no habitat,
716
00:35:07,100 --> 00:35:09,200
pollinators have no habitat,
717
00:35:09,200 --> 00:35:12,200
that are absolutely sterile on the landscape.
718
00:35:13,100 --> 00:35:15,600
(ominous music)
719
00:35:21,467 --> 00:35:24,067
(bright music)
720
00:35:34,200 --> 00:35:36,400
- There's a legitimate case against farmers
721
00:35:36,400 --> 00:35:38,300
that whatever they've been doing to the land
722
00:35:38,300 --> 00:35:42,300
has resulted in less nature, less wild rivers.
723
00:35:42,300 --> 00:35:44,667
We've just changed things too far and too much.
724
00:35:46,067 --> 00:35:48,700
(sheep bleating)
725
00:35:51,133 --> 00:35:53,633
We're here on our farm at the moment in Matterdale
726
00:35:53,633 --> 00:35:57,200
in the Lake District in the far northwest of England.
727
00:36:00,167 --> 00:36:01,667
The sheep that we have that go to the mountain,
728
00:36:01,667 --> 00:36:03,667
we know that they have at least a-thousand-year-old DNA
729
00:36:03,667 --> 00:36:05,233
in them from the Viking sheep.
730
00:36:06,600 --> 00:36:08,733
The same sheep probably live on the same mountains
731
00:36:08,733 --> 00:36:10,600
for maybe 4 1/2 thousand years.
732
00:36:11,500 --> 00:36:12,833
(sheep bleating)
733
00:36:12,833 --> 00:36:14,233
It's a pastoral tradition
734
00:36:14,233 --> 00:36:16,100
about moving sheep from the mountains in summer
735
00:36:16,100 --> 00:36:18,367
and down in winter, and the whole thing revolves
736
00:36:18,367 --> 00:36:20,233
around the moving of the sheep and cattle.
737
00:36:20,233 --> 00:36:22,167
It sometimes looks very anachronistic in the
738
00:36:22,167 --> 00:36:24,433
modern world but I don't think it is anachronistic.
739
00:36:24,433 --> 00:36:25,767
I think it matters as much now as ever.
740
00:36:25,767 --> 00:36:27,333
(lively music)
741
00:36:27,333 --> 00:36:28,700
(James whistles)
742
00:36:28,700 --> 00:36:31,367
(James shouting indistinctly)
743
00:36:31,367 --> 00:36:32,567
If you live in a big city
744
00:36:32,567 --> 00:36:34,533
and you just want a lot more nature
745
00:36:34,533 --> 00:36:36,700
and you're feeling quite despairing about ecology,
746
00:36:36,700 --> 00:36:37,867
these landscapes look like they're empty.
747
00:36:37,867 --> 00:36:40,367
Hey, let's just fill them with wilderness.
748
00:36:40,367 --> 00:36:42,700
And sometimes this ideal of wilderness
749
00:36:42,700 --> 00:36:44,433
and everything that humans do being bad
750
00:36:44,433 --> 00:36:46,267
is just getting in the way of sense.
751
00:36:47,400 --> 00:36:49,133
If we just stopped farming these places,
752
00:36:49,133 --> 00:36:51,267
it doesn't go back to that.
753
00:36:51,267 --> 00:36:53,533
We can actually create something more biodiverse and healthy
754
00:36:53,533 --> 00:36:55,533
by thinking about how we've changed it,
755
00:36:55,533 --> 00:36:58,567
thinking about how we can use our inevitable intrusions
756
00:36:58,567 --> 00:37:00,533
and power to shape it in ways
757
00:37:00,533 --> 00:37:01,933
that create those spaces for nature,
758
00:37:01,933 --> 00:37:03,400
those habitats for nature.
759
00:37:04,567 --> 00:37:08,833
We don't need a silly culture war between pure wilderness
760
00:37:08,833 --> 00:37:10,667
and terrible farmers on the other side.
761
00:37:10,667 --> 00:37:11,600
This is dreadful.
762
00:37:11,600 --> 00:37:12,567
It's not good for nature.
763
00:37:12,567 --> 00:37:13,567
It's not good for these places.
764
00:37:13,567 --> 00:37:15,567
(sheep bleating)
765
00:37:15,567 --> 00:37:17,633
(calm music)
766
00:37:17,633 --> 00:37:20,333
Within a year of creating these river corridors,
767
00:37:20,333 --> 00:37:22,333
we had an explosion of voles, field voles,
768
00:37:22,333 --> 00:37:23,733
like little hairy mice.
769
00:37:23,733 --> 00:37:24,900
The barn owls came back to our farm,
770
00:37:24,900 --> 00:37:28,600
so these really beautiful iconic white owls that we love.
771
00:37:29,733 --> 00:37:31,267
This is where a lot of the butterflies,
772
00:37:31,267 --> 00:37:33,233
moths, and other stuff exist.
773
00:37:35,433 --> 00:37:38,200
Some of the rarest stuff in Britain is in these spaces.
774
00:37:40,667 --> 00:37:42,867
(James whistles)
775
00:37:42,867 --> 00:37:45,467
(sheep bleating)
776
00:37:45,467 --> 00:37:47,633
It's a false choice between it being wild
777
00:37:47,633 --> 00:37:48,933
or it between farmed.
778
00:37:48,933 --> 00:37:50,600
There's a much better option,
779
00:37:50,600 --> 00:37:53,333
which is you persuade people like me to be good at both.
780
00:37:53,333 --> 00:37:54,533
(whistles) Come on, come on.
781
00:37:54,533 --> 00:37:57,333
(sheep bleating)
782
00:38:04,200 --> 00:38:07,633
(birds chirping)
783
00:38:07,633 --> 00:38:09,967
- [Nick] A third unintended consequence
784
00:38:09,967 --> 00:38:13,533
of the miracle of industrialized agriculture
785
00:38:13,533 --> 00:38:15,300
is our depleted soil.
786
00:38:17,500 --> 00:38:20,000
- When we came in 1961,
787
00:38:20,000 --> 00:38:23,900
we had large areas in the fields that were solid rock.
788
00:38:25,233 --> 00:38:27,967
I can remember as a child walking the fields
789
00:38:27,967 --> 00:38:31,000
and never setting foot on a piece of vegetation.
790
00:38:31,000 --> 00:38:32,333
It was that barren.
791
00:38:34,833 --> 00:38:37,500
Today, all those rocks are covered up
792
00:38:38,400 --> 00:38:39,800
with 12 inches of soil,
793
00:38:40,967 --> 00:38:44,867
and to have watched that in my lifetime,
794
00:38:44,867 --> 00:38:49,600
it indicates, A, the capacity of humans to destroy,
795
00:38:49,600 --> 00:38:52,667
but also the capacity of humans to heal.
796
00:38:52,667 --> 00:38:57,667
These hands that hurt can also heal,
797
00:38:57,667 --> 00:39:00,933
and that is a great message of hope.
798
00:39:00,933 --> 00:39:03,600
(lively music)
799
00:39:11,400 --> 00:39:15,633
All deep soils on the planet developed
800
00:39:15,633 --> 00:39:18,633
under prairies because of the herbivore.
801
00:39:19,533 --> 00:39:20,933
So how is that done?
802
00:39:22,567 --> 00:39:25,700
We look at nature, and we see three things.
803
00:39:25,700 --> 00:39:28,300
One is, the animals, they're always moving.
804
00:39:28,300 --> 00:39:29,633
They don't stay in the same place.
805
00:39:29,633 --> 00:39:31,700
They're migrating.
806
00:39:31,700 --> 00:39:32,567
Sut, sut!
807
00:39:32,567 --> 00:39:33,433
Come on!
808
00:39:34,900 --> 00:39:35,767
Come on, gals.
809
00:39:35,767 --> 00:39:36,633
Sut!
810
00:39:36,633 --> 00:39:37,533
Come on!
811
00:39:38,433 --> 00:39:40,967
The second thing is that they're mobbed up,
812
00:39:40,967 --> 00:39:45,467
because in the bushes, there's a jaguar, a lion, a cheetah,
813
00:39:45,467 --> 00:39:48,967
(hooves thudding)
814
00:39:48,967 --> 00:39:53,633
and so the mobbing creates a predator protection.
815
00:39:53,633 --> 00:39:54,500
Come on, gals!
816
00:39:54,500 --> 00:39:55,400
Sut, sut!
817
00:39:57,733 --> 00:39:59,100
- [Woman] (shouts) Come on!
818
00:39:59,100 --> 00:39:59,967
Come on, babies.
819
00:39:59,967 --> 00:40:01,567
Come on.
820
00:40:01,567 --> 00:40:04,567
- [Joel] And then the third M is that they're mowing
821
00:40:04,567 --> 00:40:05,933
and they're pruning.
822
00:40:05,933 --> 00:40:08,767
So the weeds get pruned, grass gets pruned.
823
00:40:10,600 --> 00:40:12,267
Everything gets pruned evenly.
824
00:40:13,067 --> 00:40:14,967
So the closer we can approximate
825
00:40:14,967 --> 00:40:17,333
this moving-mobbing-mowing template
826
00:40:17,333 --> 00:40:20,567
that we see recorded throughout history,
827
00:40:20,567 --> 00:40:22,000
that's where we start building soil
828
00:40:22,000 --> 00:40:25,300
and seeing all sorts of cool ecological function.
829
00:40:29,533 --> 00:40:32,367
So how do we duplicate this moving-mobbing-mowing
830
00:40:32,367 --> 00:40:34,100
that we see in nature's template?
831
00:40:34,100 --> 00:40:35,767
How do we do it domestically?
832
00:40:37,933 --> 00:40:40,600
Our technology is electric fencing.
833
00:40:42,600 --> 00:40:46,967
Electric fencing allows us to very cheaply steer a herd
834
00:40:46,967 --> 00:40:50,633
of a thousand animals more precisely
835
00:40:50,633 --> 00:40:53,767
than wolves and bison did 500 years ago.
836
00:40:55,067 --> 00:40:56,733
- [Nick] Moving cattle frequently
837
00:40:56,733 --> 00:40:59,033
through small sections of a field,
838
00:40:59,033 --> 00:41:01,967
called managed or mobbed grazing,
839
00:41:01,967 --> 00:41:05,067
mirrors how animals graze in nature,
840
00:41:05,067 --> 00:41:08,800
allowing cows to naturally fertilize the soil,
841
00:41:08,800 --> 00:41:10,833
and giving grass time to recover.
842
00:41:12,133 --> 00:41:14,533
This management style contrasts
843
00:41:14,533 --> 00:41:18,033
with the more common practice of allowing animals access
844
00:41:18,033 --> 00:41:20,800
to an entire pasture for the season,
845
00:41:20,800 --> 00:41:24,133
leading to over or undergrazed sections,
846
00:41:24,133 --> 00:41:28,467
more exposed soil, and less healthy animals.
847
00:41:30,067 --> 00:41:32,500
- Back up a little bit more, Ashley.
848
00:41:32,500 --> 00:41:33,767
The animals here move.
849
00:41:33,767 --> 00:41:36,500
You don't see big stationary buildings.
850
00:41:36,500 --> 00:41:39,833
All of the infrastructure is portable.
851
00:41:39,833 --> 00:41:41,000
Come on, pig!
852
00:41:41,000 --> 00:41:44,000
You're stacking these on the landscape.
853
00:41:44,000 --> 00:41:46,867
We can run the rabbits under the apple trees.
854
00:41:46,867 --> 00:41:49,433
We can run pigs in the woods.
855
00:41:50,567 --> 00:41:53,500
We run egg mobiles behind the cows.
856
00:41:53,500 --> 00:41:57,733
And so rather than an acre being used for one thing,
857
00:41:57,733 --> 00:42:01,867
that acre is used for several animals,
858
00:42:01,867 --> 00:42:06,033
each of which acts synergistically on the other.
859
00:42:08,033 --> 00:42:12,700
I'm raising cows as an ecological management tool.
860
00:42:14,600 --> 00:42:17,867
- Our beautiful landscapes, the grasslands of the world,
861
00:42:17,867 --> 00:42:22,200
the grasslands with really, really rich soils,
862
00:42:22,200 --> 00:42:25,767
were co-created with ruminant animals.
863
00:42:26,933 --> 00:42:29,467
They are helping to build healthy soil.
864
00:42:29,467 --> 00:42:34,033
They're helping to add carbon to the soil in so many ways:
865
00:42:34,033 --> 00:42:36,833
through their waste, the organic matter,
866
00:42:36,833 --> 00:42:40,600
through the fact that they are pressing down plant material
867
00:42:40,600 --> 00:42:44,000
so that it can be acted upon by microorganisms,
868
00:42:44,000 --> 00:42:47,933
and that stimulates the whole process of the plants growing
869
00:42:47,933 --> 00:42:51,500
and the plants sending down carbon into the soil.
870
00:42:53,167 --> 00:42:58,167
If we remove ruminant animals, cattle or reindeer and sheep,
871
00:42:59,067 --> 00:43:00,667
then there's something missing.
872
00:43:01,833 --> 00:43:03,900
- [Nick] Our current agricultural system
873
00:43:03,900 --> 00:43:05,833
ignores these contributions
874
00:43:05,833 --> 00:43:09,267
and relies instead on chemicals to grow fields
875
00:43:09,267 --> 00:43:14,033
with only one crop, creating an environment devoid of birds,
876
00:43:14,033 --> 00:43:17,100
insects, and the ruminant animals needed
877
00:43:17,100 --> 00:43:19,100
to carry out the natural cycles
878
00:43:19,100 --> 00:43:22,467
that have sustained the planet for millions of years.
879
00:43:25,267 --> 00:43:29,933
Regenerative agriculture, a practice that uses a diverse mix
880
00:43:29,933 --> 00:43:32,667
of animals and plants to mimic,
881
00:43:32,667 --> 00:43:34,933
rather than dominate nature,
882
00:43:34,933 --> 00:43:38,767
is repairing the soil and increasing productivity
883
00:43:38,767 --> 00:43:40,267
on farms around the world.
884
00:43:41,800 --> 00:43:43,300
- We're producing five times the county average.
885
00:43:43,300 --> 00:43:44,700
What if the neighbor did?
886
00:43:44,700 --> 00:43:45,667
What if that neighbor did?
887
00:43:45,667 --> 00:43:46,800
What if the other neighbor did?
888
00:43:46,800 --> 00:43:47,967
What if the whole county did?
889
00:43:47,967 --> 00:43:49,967
What if the whole state did?
890
00:43:49,967 --> 00:43:53,967
The truth is, our problem is not resources.
891
00:43:53,967 --> 00:43:56,700
Our problem is management.
892
00:43:56,700 --> 00:43:59,567
(engine rumbling)
893
00:44:02,967 --> 00:44:04,567
- When I sit down in an airplane
894
00:44:04,567 --> 00:44:06,133
or I sit somewhere and people ask me what I do,
895
00:44:06,133 --> 00:44:08,800
I'm like, "I measure methane for a living."
896
00:44:08,800 --> 00:44:11,833
And they're like, "Oh, tell me about cow farts."
897
00:44:13,133 --> 00:44:16,067
This is a very high-tech piece of equipment
898
00:44:16,067 --> 00:44:18,267
that measures enteric methane.
899
00:44:18,267 --> 00:44:19,867
The animal can walk up
900
00:44:19,867 --> 00:44:24,733
and will trigger a alfalfa pellet to drop,
901
00:44:24,733 --> 00:44:27,600
and we can actually get real-time methane readings
902
00:44:27,600 --> 00:44:30,733
from each individual animal that's in this field.
903
00:44:32,267 --> 00:44:34,667
Certain people in Washington thought
904
00:44:34,667 --> 00:44:38,100
that potentially cow farts were a really big problem
905
00:44:38,100 --> 00:44:40,000
in terms of climate change today.
906
00:44:40,867 --> 00:44:44,033
And I laughed, but I thought,
907
00:44:44,033 --> 00:44:45,233
the more I looked at it, I'm like,
908
00:44:45,233 --> 00:44:46,733
"Holy shit, these people are serious."
909
00:44:47,933 --> 00:44:52,833
The notion that a cow fart, for instance, is ruining society
910
00:44:54,100 --> 00:44:57,200
is just such an unfortunate misinterpretation
911
00:44:57,200 --> 00:44:59,033
of the real science, the real beauty
912
00:44:59,033 --> 00:45:00,933
and the real ecology of the system.
913
00:45:02,267 --> 00:45:04,967
Biogenic methane, which is the methane
914
00:45:04,967 --> 00:45:08,100
that these cattle are putting up in the atmosphere,
915
00:45:08,100 --> 00:45:10,967
is part of a natural biological cycle.
916
00:45:10,967 --> 00:45:12,200
The methane goes up.
917
00:45:12,200 --> 00:45:14,900
It has a half life of roughly 10 years.
918
00:45:14,900 --> 00:45:18,800
That methane is broken down into CO2 and water.
919
00:45:18,800 --> 00:45:21,033
Well, that water is a functioning component
920
00:45:21,033 --> 00:45:24,333
of water vapor that is a cycle that creates rain,
921
00:45:24,333 --> 00:45:27,767
and the CO2 is taken up by plants for photosynthesis.
922
00:45:28,933 --> 00:45:31,233
Even though this methane is going up in the air,
923
00:45:31,233 --> 00:45:33,933
we're also building carbon below ground.
924
00:45:33,933 --> 00:45:37,000
It's offsetting the methane that's going up anyway.
925
00:45:37,967 --> 00:45:39,767
It's a natural biogenic cycle.
926
00:45:40,967 --> 00:45:43,733
However, when we talk about fossil fuels,
927
00:45:43,733 --> 00:45:45,933
bringing up deep carbon and methane
928
00:45:45,933 --> 00:45:49,300
from well below the topsoil down into the earth's crust,
929
00:45:49,300 --> 00:45:51,733
that's a completely different entity,
930
00:45:51,733 --> 00:45:54,067
and that is carbon that's ancient that's coming
931
00:45:54,067 --> 00:45:57,133
from deep below ground being put in the atmosphere,
932
00:45:57,133 --> 00:46:00,100
and is an imbalance from a natural biological cycle.
933
00:46:02,933 --> 00:46:06,467
- [Nick] Good grazing also helps soil retain water,
934
00:46:06,467 --> 00:46:10,300
something our industrialized cropping system cannot do.
935
00:46:13,767 --> 00:46:15,933
- So what we have is a rainfall simulator.
936
00:46:17,433 --> 00:46:18,467
(water splashing)
937
00:46:18,467 --> 00:46:20,433
It's raining, okay?
938
00:46:24,933 --> 00:46:27,967
Many in the regenerative ag space have said this before me,
939
00:46:27,967 --> 00:46:30,033
but it's not necessarily the rain you get.
940
00:46:30,033 --> 00:46:31,367
It's the rain you keep.
941
00:46:31,367 --> 00:46:34,233
(water splashing)
942
00:46:35,800 --> 00:46:39,300
So we've actually put on close to two inches of water
943
00:46:39,300 --> 00:46:40,967
in a very short period of time.
944
00:46:43,500 --> 00:46:44,900
How about we shut it off?
945
00:46:49,133 --> 00:46:50,867
We have differences without question.
946
00:46:50,867 --> 00:46:52,000
We can see the sediment.
947
00:46:52,000 --> 00:46:53,400
We can see the runoff,
948
00:46:53,400 --> 00:46:56,067
and then we can likewise see the clear water,
949
00:46:56,067 --> 00:46:57,467
that water that's coming through
950
00:46:57,467 --> 00:47:00,000
and being stored in the root systems,
951
00:47:00,000 --> 00:47:02,033
a big, big difference.
952
00:47:02,033 --> 00:47:04,767
Okay, we just put two inches of rain,
953
00:47:04,767 --> 00:47:08,433
two inches of rain down in just a couple of minutes, okay?
954
00:47:10,033 --> 00:47:12,367
(soil thuds)
955
00:47:14,033 --> 00:47:15,533
It's dry.
956
00:47:15,533 --> 00:47:16,333
You look at that.
957
00:47:18,333 --> 00:47:20,500
There's no water infiltration.
958
00:47:20,500 --> 00:47:22,167
There's absolutely no water infiltration.
959
00:47:22,167 --> 00:47:24,067
If we take this sample, right?
960
00:47:30,000 --> 00:47:30,833
See the wet?
961
00:47:31,767 --> 00:47:33,000
Look at that.
962
00:47:33,000 --> 00:47:35,933
All this moisture, and that's what binds, is this aggregate.
963
00:47:35,933 --> 00:47:37,533
It's that balance of what's bound
964
00:47:37,533 --> 00:47:40,367
to the roots, what's tied to the roots.
965
00:47:40,367 --> 00:47:41,467
- [Man] That's very helpful.
966
00:47:41,467 --> 00:47:43,300
- Yeah, you bet. Thanks for everybody setting it up.
967
00:47:43,300 --> 00:47:44,967
Thank you guys for doing all this.
968
00:47:44,967 --> 00:47:47,300
(group applauds)
969
00:47:50,100 --> 00:47:52,867
(cattle lowing)
970
00:47:54,400 --> 00:47:57,433
- People will often say, "Oh, a huge percentage
971
00:47:57,433 --> 00:47:59,900
"of the earth's agricultural land is for grazing,
972
00:47:59,900 --> 00:48:02,067
"and oh my gosh, isn't this a travesty?"
973
00:48:02,067 --> 00:48:04,867
Actually, the vast majority of the area
974
00:48:04,867 --> 00:48:06,533
where the animals are grazing is area
975
00:48:06,533 --> 00:48:09,067
where you couldn't do crop production,
976
00:48:09,067 --> 00:48:11,400
either because it's too hilly, it's too windy,
977
00:48:11,400 --> 00:48:14,300
too cold, too rocky.
978
00:48:14,300 --> 00:48:15,967
If you took the grazing away,
979
00:48:15,967 --> 00:48:19,133
there would be no food production on those areas.
980
00:48:19,133 --> 00:48:20,400
But in most of those places,
981
00:48:20,400 --> 00:48:23,333
you can do cattle or other grazing animals.
982
00:48:23,333 --> 00:48:24,500
- So imagine this sheet
983
00:48:24,500 --> 00:48:26,967
of paper being the surface of the earth.
984
00:48:26,967 --> 00:48:28,400
I now fold it.
985
00:48:28,400 --> 00:48:29,900
Now I fold it twice,
986
00:48:29,900 --> 00:48:32,400
until it's only one quarter its original size.
987
00:48:32,400 --> 00:48:34,000
What you see now is the total amount
988
00:48:34,000 --> 00:48:35,833
of land available in the world.
989
00:48:35,833 --> 00:48:37,267
The rest is water and ice.
990
00:48:37,267 --> 00:48:38,967
Now, this here is my business card,
991
00:48:38,967 --> 00:48:40,233
and the equivalent amount of land
992
00:48:40,233 --> 00:48:42,467
of my business card is the total amount
993
00:48:42,467 --> 00:48:45,000
of agricultural land in the world.
994
00:48:45,000 --> 00:48:47,433
All land, all agricultural land.
995
00:48:47,433 --> 00:48:48,600
I take my business card
996
00:48:48,600 --> 00:48:51,500
and I fold it into one piece that's 2/3,
997
00:48:51,500 --> 00:48:54,433
and the other piece that's 1/3 its original size.
998
00:48:54,433 --> 00:48:56,933
And then I rip my own business card into pieces.
999
00:48:56,933 --> 00:48:59,100
So this is all agricultural land,
1000
00:48:59,100 --> 00:49:01,133
and the larger of the two pieces is
1001
00:49:01,133 --> 00:49:02,967
what we call marginal land,
1002
00:49:02,967 --> 00:49:05,533
characterizes the amount of land in the world
1003
00:49:05,533 --> 00:49:07,933
that is not suitable to grow crops.
1004
00:49:07,933 --> 00:49:10,267
You can't because the soil is not good enough
1005
00:49:10,267 --> 00:49:12,533
or there's not enough water, marginal land.
1006
00:49:12,533 --> 00:49:16,667
So 2/3 of all agricultural land in the world is marginal.
1007
00:49:16,667 --> 00:49:20,233
The remaining 1/3 of all agricultural land
1008
00:49:20,233 --> 00:49:21,067
is called arable.
1009
00:49:21,067 --> 00:49:23,167
This is where we can grow all crops.
1010
00:49:23,167 --> 00:49:25,200
Let's go back to the marginal land though.
1011
00:49:25,200 --> 00:49:29,167
What do we do currently with 70% of all agricultural land,
1012
00:49:29,167 --> 00:49:30,967
this so-called marginal land, globally?
1013
00:49:30,967 --> 00:49:32,467
We graze livestock.
1014
00:49:32,467 --> 00:49:35,300
To be precise, we graze ruminant livestock there.
1015
00:49:35,300 --> 00:49:37,300
In fact, you cannot do anything else there.
1016
00:49:37,300 --> 00:49:39,067
You can't use it for pigs or poultry
1017
00:49:39,067 --> 00:49:41,300
because they don't have the digestive tract
1018
00:49:41,300 --> 00:49:43,500
to eat the grasses and legumes
1019
00:49:43,500 --> 00:49:46,533
that can live on that marginal land.
1020
00:49:46,533 --> 00:49:49,200
So if it weren't for ruminant livestock,
1021
00:49:49,200 --> 00:49:51,667
we would effectively not make use
1022
00:49:51,667 --> 00:49:54,700
of the majority of agricultural land in the world.
1023
00:49:54,700 --> 00:49:56,500
(cattle lowing)
1024
00:49:56,500 --> 00:49:58,233
- If you took the grazing away,
1025
00:49:58,233 --> 00:50:00,033
it would create a gaping hole
1026
00:50:00,033 --> 00:50:02,333
in the food system of the highest-quality,
1027
00:50:02,333 --> 00:50:05,933
most nutrient-dense food available.
1028
00:50:05,933 --> 00:50:08,667
There would be no food production on those areas.
1029
00:50:08,667 --> 00:50:13,000
But it's also a problem for ecosystem function
1030
00:50:13,000 --> 00:50:14,567
because grazing animals have
1031
00:50:14,567 --> 00:50:17,067
this tremendously beneficial impact
1032
00:50:17,067 --> 00:50:18,400
when they're managed well.
1033
00:50:19,667 --> 00:50:22,200
(calm music)
1034
00:50:25,633 --> 00:50:26,600
- If you don't know really
1035
00:50:26,600 --> 00:50:30,033
that there's an option to regenerate the lands,
1036
00:50:30,033 --> 00:50:32,700
you're gonna think, "Well, it's been always this way.
1037
00:50:32,700 --> 00:50:34,100
"It's a desert.
1038
00:50:34,100 --> 00:50:35,700
"That's why it's called the Chihuahuan Desert."
1039
00:50:35,700 --> 00:50:38,267
Yeah, but the Chihuahuan Desert used to be grasslands.
1040
00:50:48,633 --> 00:50:51,367
This is included with your visit, no extra charge.
1041
00:50:53,433 --> 00:50:54,367
Just be careful.
1042
00:50:55,367 --> 00:50:56,233
See the fence?
1043
00:50:59,067 --> 00:51:01,467
This is the kind of erosion you end up having
1044
00:51:02,633 --> 00:51:05,000
if we keep managing the way we manage.
1045
00:51:05,000 --> 00:51:08,133
60 years ago, we had this land,
1046
00:51:08,133 --> 00:51:10,333
and they started building fences,
1047
00:51:10,333 --> 00:51:13,733
and we can see here, a fence used to run there.
1048
00:51:14,667 --> 00:51:15,900
So when we degraded the land,
1049
00:51:15,900 --> 00:51:19,133
there was really nothing to control the flow of the water,
1050
00:51:19,133 --> 00:51:21,400
and then the water started degrading the land.
1051
00:51:24,067 --> 00:51:26,667
What you're seeing here, it didn't exist before.
1052
00:51:28,067 --> 00:51:32,267
It's just amazing how much soil we have lost
1053
00:51:32,267 --> 00:51:34,100
in just 60 years.
1054
00:51:37,600 --> 00:51:39,600
The road that take us to the ranch,
1055
00:51:41,100 --> 00:51:43,467
you see a good example of what's going on in this region.
1056
00:51:45,333 --> 00:51:48,033
We see all this desertification taking place,
1057
00:51:48,033 --> 00:51:49,433
all this degradation.
1058
00:51:50,767 --> 00:51:54,433
All these ranches are pretty much with no people at all.
1059
00:51:54,433 --> 00:51:56,367
All these springs have dried up.
1060
00:51:57,433 --> 00:51:59,267
It's really a very sad view.
1061
00:52:00,600 --> 00:52:03,167
- [Nick] Alejandro Carrillo has joined
1062
00:52:03,167 --> 00:52:05,800
a collective of ranchers working to restore
1063
00:52:05,800 --> 00:52:08,300
more than a million acres here.
1064
00:52:09,533 --> 00:52:11,133
- Think about it.
1065
00:52:11,133 --> 00:52:14,367
These grasslands, I mean, much taller, buffalo,
1066
00:52:16,067 --> 00:52:21,033
thousands of antelope, bighorns in all the sierra.
1067
00:52:22,167 --> 00:52:24,000
We're gonna call this the Serengeti.
1068
00:52:25,200 --> 00:52:26,400
It is the same stuff.
1069
00:52:27,533 --> 00:52:30,067
I think that what we should visualize,
1070
00:52:30,067 --> 00:52:33,500
we want the American Serengeti back.
1071
00:52:33,500 --> 00:52:36,033
(calm music)
1072
00:52:40,433 --> 00:52:42,767
If you take a look at this little arroyo,
1073
00:52:44,333 --> 00:52:48,233
there is nothing to protect the soil, just bare soil.
1074
00:52:48,233 --> 00:52:50,667
See, we think that there is no seed here anymore,
1075
00:52:50,667 --> 00:52:52,433
but there is seed bank waiting
1076
00:52:52,433 --> 00:52:54,367
for the right conditions to come.
1077
00:52:55,700 --> 00:52:58,100
So the thing here is, and we call this hardpan.
1078
00:53:03,100 --> 00:53:04,733
And what the cows do with their hooves is
1079
00:53:04,733 --> 00:53:09,067
they break this hardpan, and then they fertilize it,
1080
00:53:10,433 --> 00:53:13,633
and then they put all this nutritional back to the soil.
1081
00:53:13,633 --> 00:53:16,133
So they start creating the conditions for these,
1082
00:53:16,133 --> 00:53:17,800
whatever seeds are left there
1083
00:53:17,800 --> 00:53:19,767
under this hardpan to germinate.
1084
00:53:28,533 --> 00:53:30,533
(sheep bleating)
1085
00:53:30,533 --> 00:53:33,367
Las Damas ranch has been in the family for 40 years.
1086
00:53:35,367 --> 00:53:38,133
Our ranch is roughly 30,000 acres.
1087
00:53:39,533 --> 00:53:43,267
It has flatland, hills, and mountain range.
1088
00:53:46,333 --> 00:53:50,733
Our precipitation is about 10 1/2 inches per year.
1089
00:53:52,933 --> 00:53:56,733
Since I was a kid, I experienced this constant drought,
1090
00:53:56,733 --> 00:54:00,733
and I always asked myself, "Can we do better than this?"
1091
00:54:02,567 --> 00:54:05,167
Regenerative ranching started in Chihuahua 40 years ago
1092
00:54:05,167 --> 00:54:09,167
with a few folks that were on very hard times.
1093
00:54:09,167 --> 00:54:10,400
They started the ball rolling
1094
00:54:10,400 --> 00:54:14,233
and more ranches doing it in different kind of environments.
1095
00:54:15,233 --> 00:54:16,600
- [Nick] It's this,
1096
00:54:16,600 --> 00:54:20,267
the ability of regenerative agriculture to work
1097
00:54:20,267 --> 00:54:23,800
on a large scale that makes it a viable alternative
1098
00:54:23,800 --> 00:54:25,200
to the current system.
1099
00:54:27,200 --> 00:54:30,333
- We're running 600 mother cows,
1100
00:54:30,333 --> 00:54:33,867
plus all the heifers, calves and bulls and all that.
1101
00:54:36,600 --> 00:54:39,433
We have to mimic what nature used to do,
1102
00:54:39,433 --> 00:54:41,333
but not with wolves anymore,
1103
00:54:41,333 --> 00:54:44,933
with domestic cattle, and also with electric fence.
1104
00:54:44,933 --> 00:54:47,600
So we're trying to mimic that migratory pattern
1105
00:54:47,600 --> 00:54:50,533
of working the soil, and move on.
1106
00:55:01,967 --> 00:55:03,900
Let's take a look at this cow pie.
1107
00:55:05,233 --> 00:55:06,533
See all these little holes?
1108
00:55:07,800 --> 00:55:09,567
Oh, even a mushroom here.
1109
00:55:09,567 --> 00:55:10,467
Isn't it cool?
1110
00:55:12,233 --> 00:55:13,300
There we go.
1111
00:55:14,200 --> 00:55:16,467
Pretty amazing to have the mushrooms here
1112
00:55:16,467 --> 00:55:18,567
in the middle of the Chihuahuan Desert.
1113
00:55:18,567 --> 00:55:22,300
Now you can see these holes, which are indicating
1114
00:55:22,300 --> 00:55:25,267
that there was some dung beetle activity here.
1115
00:55:25,267 --> 00:55:27,533
Let's see what's underneath.
1116
00:55:30,267 --> 00:55:32,767
Oh, see all these holes from dung beetles?
1117
00:55:35,833 --> 00:55:39,433
Ah, it has this earthy smell.
1118
00:55:41,500 --> 00:55:43,667
You know when you don't have life in the soil,
1119
00:55:43,667 --> 00:55:47,367
you have this acid smell or no smell at all.
1120
00:55:47,367 --> 00:55:48,333
When you smell it,
1121
00:55:50,567 --> 00:55:51,933
it has this beautiful smell.
1122
00:55:53,833 --> 00:55:56,667
(tranquil music)
1123
00:56:01,867 --> 00:56:04,733
Reality is that it's not actually the cow itself,
1124
00:56:04,733 --> 00:56:07,300
it's how we manage the cow.
1125
00:56:07,300 --> 00:56:10,600
We manage the cow in a way that it will mimic nature,
1126
00:56:10,600 --> 00:56:14,867
it would help us restore these huge tracts of land
1127
00:56:14,867 --> 00:56:16,600
that are already degraded.
1128
00:56:16,600 --> 00:56:19,300
(bird squawks)
1129
00:56:20,867 --> 00:56:25,867
We started seeing multiple species of perennial grasses.
1130
00:56:26,600 --> 00:56:27,767
Wildlife just exploded:
1131
00:56:27,767 --> 00:56:32,467
these mule deer, golden eagle, these foxes and bobcats,
1132
00:56:32,467 --> 00:56:35,900
and all these creatures that were long before us.
1133
00:56:36,900 --> 00:56:38,733
We don't have to fight nature,
1134
00:56:38,733 --> 00:56:41,733
so we can work with nature to restore the original habitat.
1135
00:56:43,800 --> 00:56:46,900
There is hope, and then we can do it.
1136
00:56:46,900 --> 00:56:49,733
(tranquil music)
1137
00:56:57,900 --> 00:57:00,600
(cattle lowing)
1138
00:57:07,033 --> 00:57:11,533
- We're here at a conference about sustainable livestock
1139
00:57:11,533 --> 00:57:13,300
to help feed the world.
1140
00:57:14,533 --> 00:57:17,000
The reality today is that something
1141
00:57:17,000 --> 00:57:20,767
on the order of 800 million human beings
1142
00:57:20,767 --> 00:57:23,633
don't receive adequate essential nutrition.
1143
00:57:24,967 --> 00:57:28,700
We have no hope of feeding today's world,
1144
00:57:28,700 --> 00:57:31,133
let alone the world of 2050,
1145
00:57:31,133 --> 00:57:33,933
without ruminant animal agriculture
1146
00:57:33,933 --> 00:57:35,767
as being a fundamental part
1147
00:57:35,767 --> 00:57:39,400
of whatever agricultural systems are practiced
1148
00:57:39,400 --> 00:57:41,967
in whatever part of the world they're being practiced.
1149
00:57:43,700 --> 00:57:45,533
- Well, for many people around the world,
1150
00:57:45,533 --> 00:57:48,667
livestock are the key asset in their lives.
1151
00:57:49,800 --> 00:57:53,133
In many, many cases, a woman can own an animal,
1152
00:57:53,133 --> 00:57:55,967
but she can't have title to a land,
1153
00:57:55,967 --> 00:57:59,800
so there's a real opportunity there to help women
1154
00:57:59,800 --> 00:58:01,900
and the benefits that come to their livelihoods,
1155
00:58:01,900 --> 00:58:04,400
but very often when you benefit women,
1156
00:58:04,400 --> 00:58:07,867
it benefits the whole household and their nutrition too.
1157
00:58:07,867 --> 00:58:12,167
- There have been a number of high-profile reports lately
1158
00:58:12,167 --> 00:58:16,833
that have advocated a shift away from animal-source foods,
1159
00:58:16,833 --> 00:58:20,167
and that has been done on the grounds
1160
00:58:20,167 --> 00:58:23,567
of being more healthy in one sense,
1161
00:58:23,567 --> 00:58:27,533
and then secondly for the sake of the environment.
1162
00:58:27,533 --> 00:58:30,067
And I think the main point is
1163
00:58:30,067 --> 00:58:33,000
that this is a much more complex issue.
1164
00:58:33,000 --> 00:58:34,667
It's much more nuanced.
1165
00:58:36,000 --> 00:58:38,500
In the countries where we work,
1166
00:58:38,500 --> 00:58:41,833
there are very high rates of stunting or malnutrition.
1167
00:58:43,467 --> 00:58:47,800
Most of the diets of the poor people are starch-based diets.
1168
00:58:48,700 --> 00:58:50,133
So they fill the stomach,
1169
00:58:50,133 --> 00:58:53,533
but they don't provide the important nutrients.
1170
00:58:53,533 --> 00:58:56,633
It constrains not just physical growth,
1171
00:58:56,633 --> 00:58:59,800
it's also mental growth.
1172
00:58:59,800 --> 00:59:02,433
So it's a huge, huge problem.
1173
00:59:04,767 --> 00:59:07,867
Studies have shown that just adding a little bit of meat
1174
00:59:07,867 --> 00:59:11,600
to the diet of children increased their test scores,
1175
00:59:11,600 --> 00:59:15,600
their performance in exams in school by 45%.
1176
00:59:17,233 --> 00:59:18,900
If you have a report saying
1177
00:59:18,900 --> 00:59:20,567
that there should be a global diet
1178
00:59:20,567 --> 00:59:22,767
and people should globally stay away
1179
00:59:22,767 --> 00:59:26,567
from animal-source foods, it's just so unfair
1180
00:59:26,567 --> 00:59:29,733
to people in those situations who need, if anything,
1181
00:59:29,733 --> 00:59:32,933
they need to consume more meat, drink more milk.
1182
00:59:34,900 --> 00:59:38,067
If you are promoting a plant-based diet
1183
00:59:38,067 --> 00:59:40,067
and you live here in the US,
1184
00:59:40,067 --> 00:59:42,167
you can go to Walgreens or CVS
1185
00:59:42,167 --> 00:59:43,933
and get your nutrient supplements.
1186
00:59:44,900 --> 00:59:46,633
But if you have you have countries where there could
1187
00:59:46,633 --> 00:59:49,167
be no physicians for hundreds of miles,
1188
00:59:49,167 --> 00:59:52,133
nevermind having a pharmacy where you can go
1189
00:59:52,133 --> 00:59:54,167
and get your B12 supplement,
1190
00:59:54,167 --> 00:59:56,967
so the only source of these missing nutrients
1191
00:59:56,967 --> 00:59:58,767
would be animal-source foods.
1192
01:00:01,200 --> 01:00:03,867
- Livestock-source foods, let's call them,
1193
01:00:03,867 --> 01:00:06,267
milk, meat, and eggs,
1194
01:00:06,267 --> 01:00:10,833
have some nutrients that are not available in plant foods.
1195
01:00:10,833 --> 01:00:13,100
They're much readily available.
1196
01:00:13,100 --> 01:00:14,267
When you eat those foods,
1197
01:00:14,267 --> 01:00:16,933
you don't have to eat kilos and kilos,
1198
01:00:16,933 --> 01:00:18,633
as you would perhaps of spinach
1199
01:00:18,633 --> 01:00:21,667
to get enough iron, for example.
1200
01:00:21,667 --> 01:00:23,267
They're also really, really important,
1201
01:00:23,267 --> 01:00:25,700
and in fact, the nutritionists are starting to say
1202
01:00:25,700 --> 01:00:28,000
that during the first 1,000 days of life,
1203
01:00:28,000 --> 01:00:30,833
they're essential, not just important, but essential.
1204
01:00:36,133 --> 01:00:37,967
- [Nick] Hunger and malnutrition
1205
01:00:37,967 --> 01:00:41,033
are not limited to developing countries.
1206
01:00:41,033 --> 01:00:44,133
And in the United States, pressure to restrict
1207
01:00:44,133 --> 01:00:47,833
or reduce meat consumption ignores that fact.
1208
01:00:48,700 --> 01:00:50,733
- The Meatless Monday program
1209
01:00:50,733 --> 01:00:53,833
that started in New York City schools tells kids
1210
01:00:53,833 --> 01:00:55,967
that they shouldn't have meat every Monday.
1211
01:00:55,967 --> 01:00:57,600
What's the harm in that?
1212
01:00:57,600 --> 01:00:59,733
Why not just have vegetables one day a week?
1213
01:01:00,900 --> 01:01:02,600
Number one, it sends a message to kids
1214
01:01:02,600 --> 01:01:03,933
that they shouldn't be eating meat,
1215
01:01:03,933 --> 01:01:07,700
which is absolutely dangerous and wrong.
1216
01:01:07,700 --> 01:01:09,333
For low-income and poor children,
1217
01:01:09,333 --> 01:01:10,733
they might not get it at home.
1218
01:01:10,733 --> 01:01:12,000
They may not be able to afford it.
1219
01:01:12,000 --> 01:01:14,733
And for those kids, the nutrients in meat is
1220
01:01:14,733 --> 01:01:16,000
what gives them the nutrients they need
1221
01:01:16,000 --> 01:01:17,767
to grow and be healthy.
1222
01:01:17,767 --> 01:01:20,900
(children conversing)
1223
01:01:24,333 --> 01:01:27,100
(tranquil music)
1224
01:01:38,367 --> 01:01:40,033
- I think for a lot of vegans,
1225
01:01:41,200 --> 01:01:43,867
there's a very clear black-and-white issue
1226
01:01:43,867 --> 01:01:46,967
about killing something versus not killing something,
1227
01:01:49,033 --> 01:01:51,133
death versus not death,
1228
01:01:51,133 --> 01:01:52,367
because I would look at my plate,
1229
01:01:52,367 --> 01:01:54,700
and what mattered to me was,
1230
01:01:54,700 --> 01:01:56,633
is there something dead on this plate?
1231
01:01:58,233 --> 01:01:59,900
So if there was a piece of meat on it,
1232
01:01:59,900 --> 01:02:01,733
then that was something I was not gonna eat,
1233
01:02:01,733 --> 01:02:03,133
and if there was no meat on it,
1234
01:02:03,133 --> 01:02:05,267
then that felt like it was death-free,
1235
01:02:05,267 --> 01:02:07,400
and that was what I was willing to consume.
1236
01:02:10,267 --> 01:02:11,900
Learning to garden,
1237
01:02:11,900 --> 01:02:14,167
and then also actually engaging with information
1238
01:02:14,167 --> 01:02:18,833
about the nature of agriculture changed all of that,
1239
01:02:18,833 --> 01:02:21,833
because even the foods that were plant foods,
1240
01:02:21,833 --> 01:02:23,100
there's no way to produce those
1241
01:02:23,100 --> 01:02:25,233
without massive amounts of animal death.
1242
01:02:26,267 --> 01:02:27,767
And that's what soil is.
1243
01:02:27,767 --> 01:02:30,400
It's dead plants, it's dead animals,
1244
01:02:30,400 --> 01:02:33,133
with a whole bunch of little tiny microorganisms
1245
01:02:33,133 --> 01:02:35,900
constantly working on it, degrading it.
1246
01:02:35,900 --> 01:02:38,100
The detritivores are breaking it down
1247
01:02:38,100 --> 01:02:40,267
and making all those nutrients available again
1248
01:02:40,267 --> 01:02:41,700
to the cycle of life.
1249
01:02:42,933 --> 01:02:44,267
One tablespoon of soil
1250
01:02:44,267 --> 01:02:46,867
can have over a million living creatures in it.
1251
01:02:48,000 --> 01:02:50,033
Without them, none of us are here.
1252
01:02:50,033 --> 01:02:52,100
We can't do that, but they can.
1253
01:02:54,267 --> 01:02:56,367
That is just how life is recycled.
1254
01:03:00,833 --> 01:03:02,267
The garden gave me great joy,
1255
01:03:02,267 --> 01:03:05,133
and it was an amazing thing to be outside every day
1256
01:03:05,133 --> 01:03:08,100
and to watch plants come to life.
1257
01:03:09,267 --> 01:03:11,367
It was very, very satisfying on a,
1258
01:03:11,367 --> 01:03:13,867
sort of on a spiritual level just to be engaged.
1259
01:03:15,233 --> 01:03:17,133
It also makes it harder as a vegan
1260
01:03:17,133 --> 01:03:20,800
because there's this terrible ethical dilemma
1261
01:03:20,800 --> 01:03:22,133
that you come up against.
1262
01:03:22,133 --> 01:03:23,967
(water splashing)
1263
01:03:23,967 --> 01:03:26,400
I had got all my little plants, my mostly lettuce there,
1264
01:03:26,400 --> 01:03:29,800
that's in the first garden bed early in the spring,
1265
01:03:29,800 --> 01:03:32,367
and every night the slugs are eating it.
1266
01:03:32,367 --> 01:03:34,367
(crickets chirping)
1267
01:03:34,367 --> 01:03:36,133
And when I say eat it, I mean they demolish it.
1268
01:03:36,133 --> 01:03:37,900
If you've gardened, you know what I'm talking about.
1269
01:03:37,900 --> 01:03:39,833
It's just clearcut every night.
1270
01:03:39,833 --> 01:03:41,500
So I go back to the store, I buy some more starts.
1271
01:03:41,500 --> 01:03:44,167
I plop my little plants back in,
1272
01:03:44,167 --> 01:03:45,400
and the next night, same thing,
1273
01:03:45,400 --> 01:03:47,033
and the next night, same thing.
1274
01:03:48,867 --> 01:03:50,233
I'm like, "Well, I have two choices here.
1275
01:03:50,233 --> 01:03:52,167
"I can just accept that I'm not gonna have a garden
1276
01:03:52,167 --> 01:03:54,167
"because the slugs are gonna eat at all,
1277
01:03:54,167 --> 01:03:56,933
"or I can try to figure out what to do about the poor slugs.
1278
01:03:56,933 --> 01:03:58,700
"Is there a way to keep them out?"
1279
01:03:59,833 --> 01:04:02,233
So this keeps happening over and over.
1280
01:04:02,233 --> 01:04:04,033
They're eating the lettuce, I'm replanting it.
1281
01:04:04,033 --> 01:04:05,267
I'm like, "I'm gonna have to give up,
1282
01:04:05,267 --> 01:04:06,733
"or I've gotta find a way."
1283
01:04:08,533 --> 01:04:09,900
Well, people just kill them.
1284
01:04:09,900 --> 01:04:11,233
That's what they do.
1285
01:04:11,233 --> 01:04:13,333
That's just what gardeners do.
1286
01:04:13,333 --> 01:04:14,367
I'm gonna have to kill something,
1287
01:04:14,367 --> 01:04:16,167
and it's gonna be really hard.
1288
01:04:16,167 --> 01:04:18,567
So I was like, "Well, people use beer,
1289
01:04:18,567 --> 01:04:20,567
"and they're really attracted to beer."
1290
01:04:20,567 --> 01:04:21,967
They love the smell of it,
1291
01:04:21,967 --> 01:04:24,033
so if you leave it out in little containers,
1292
01:04:24,033 --> 01:04:26,467
they'll drink it, and then they get drunk,
1293
01:04:26,467 --> 01:04:28,867
and they fall in and they drown.
1294
01:04:28,867 --> 01:04:31,867
And I thought, "Well, it's a good way to go."
1295
01:04:31,867 --> 01:04:33,933
(gas whooshes)
1296
01:04:33,933 --> 01:04:35,867
I went and I bought a bottle of beer
1297
01:04:35,867 --> 01:04:38,367
and I put it out in little containers,
1298
01:04:38,367 --> 01:04:39,867
and I woke up at three in the morning
1299
01:04:39,867 --> 01:04:41,300
and I was just in a cold sweat
1300
01:04:41,300 --> 01:04:42,933
because I was gonna be killing the slugs,
1301
01:04:42,933 --> 01:04:43,867
and I couldn't do it.
1302
01:04:43,867 --> 01:04:45,100
I could not kill the slugs.
1303
01:04:45,100 --> 01:04:48,100
So I put on my shoes and I ran outside and I freed them all.
1304
01:04:48,100 --> 01:04:49,033
I saved them.
1305
01:04:50,300 --> 01:04:51,967
- If we're gonna make really intelligent decisions
1306
01:04:51,967 --> 01:04:53,400
about what kind of farming we want,
1307
01:04:53,400 --> 01:04:55,167
we need people to be quite intelligent about this stuff,
1308
01:04:55,167 --> 01:04:57,267
to have some kind of hands-on experience.
1309
01:04:57,267 --> 01:04:59,333
What does it mean to grow lettuce?
1310
01:04:59,333 --> 01:05:00,467
Do I have to kill slugs?
1311
01:05:00,467 --> 01:05:02,133
Do I have to kill rabbits?
1312
01:05:02,133 --> 01:05:04,567
Do I have to kill Bambi to eat lettuce?
1313
01:05:04,567 --> 01:05:06,233
I'm telling you, probably yes.
1314
01:05:06,233 --> 01:05:08,400
You probably do have to kill Bambi to eat lettuce.
1315
01:05:08,400 --> 01:05:10,167
- If the only animal you've ever interacted with
1316
01:05:10,167 --> 01:05:12,600
is a pet dog or a pet cat,
1317
01:05:12,600 --> 01:05:15,100
it gives you a very jaundiced view of life.
1318
01:05:16,333 --> 01:05:17,833
Can you have life without death?
1319
01:05:17,833 --> 01:05:19,000
No, you can't.
1320
01:05:20,133 --> 01:05:22,400
One of the most profound ecological principles
1321
01:05:22,400 --> 01:05:25,600
that exists is the life, death,
1322
01:05:25,600 --> 01:05:28,033
decomposition, and then regeneration,
1323
01:05:28,033 --> 01:05:30,933
life, death, decomposition, regeneration.
1324
01:05:30,933 --> 01:05:32,100
That is the foundational,
1325
01:05:32,100 --> 01:05:35,833
that's the cornerstone of the entire ecological process.
1326
01:05:38,200 --> 01:05:40,867
(bright music)
1327
01:05:45,033 --> 01:05:46,533
- So the next time I'm at the store,
1328
01:05:46,533 --> 01:05:48,300
I'm like, "Okay, I'll just buy lettuce.
1329
01:05:48,300 --> 01:05:49,433
"It's so easy."
1330
01:05:49,433 --> 01:05:50,500
And it was like, "Oh, thank goodness."
1331
01:05:50,500 --> 01:05:52,100
And I went over
1332
01:05:52,100 --> 01:05:53,533
and literally I'm holding this head of lettuce,
1333
01:05:53,533 --> 01:05:55,433
like I've already had the realization.
1334
01:05:55,433 --> 01:05:59,033
And so there it is in my brain, like, "Who are you fooling?
1335
01:05:59,033 --> 01:06:03,300
"Whoever grew that lettuce for you killed slugs,"
1336
01:06:03,300 --> 01:06:06,033
and they killed more than slugs.
1337
01:06:06,033 --> 01:06:07,300
They killed rabbits.
1338
01:06:07,300 --> 01:06:09,467
They killed a whole bunch of stuff.
1339
01:06:09,467 --> 01:06:10,633
And that was that moment for me,
1340
01:06:10,633 --> 01:06:12,567
was holding that lettuce was just,
1341
01:06:12,567 --> 01:06:14,333
yep, the animals are gonna die,
1342
01:06:14,333 --> 01:06:16,033
and your only choice now is to do it well.
1343
01:06:16,033 --> 01:06:17,367
That is the only choice left.
1344
01:06:18,967 --> 01:06:21,200
Are we gonna be the death that's killing everything,
1345
01:06:21,200 --> 01:06:22,400
or are we gonna be the death
1346
01:06:22,400 --> 01:06:23,633
that's part of the cycle of life
1347
01:06:23,633 --> 01:06:25,500
that actually makes life stronger?
1348
01:06:25,500 --> 01:06:27,300
Those are really our only options.
1349
01:06:37,067 --> 01:06:39,700
- Today, with all of your support and encouragement,
1350
01:06:39,700 --> 01:06:42,033
we have been able to achieve the goal
1351
01:06:42,033 --> 01:06:46,200
of building our facility, now called Meatworks,
1352
01:06:46,200 --> 01:06:47,367
true to that vision
1353
01:06:47,367 --> 01:06:50,200
of the highest animal welfare standards,
1354
01:06:50,200 --> 01:06:52,367
the highest food safety standards,
1355
01:06:52,367 --> 01:06:55,500
and full traceability of product through the facility.
1356
01:06:55,500 --> 01:06:58,067
(audience applauds)
1357
01:06:58,067 --> 01:06:59,033
(scissors snip)
1358
01:06:59,033 --> 01:07:01,333
- That's it! (crowd cheers)
1359
01:07:01,333 --> 01:07:02,667
- We're set up where we're able
1360
01:07:02,667 --> 01:07:06,067
to break it to manageable pieces, like I said,
1361
01:07:06,067 --> 01:07:08,100
something that works for you and for your customers.
1362
01:07:08,100 --> 01:07:08,733
- Thanks, Amado. - Thanks.
1363
01:07:08,733 --> 01:07:09,700
- You bet.
1364
01:07:09,700 --> 01:07:11,700
- This is everything that I've dreamt about
1365
01:07:11,700 --> 01:07:13,533
that I didn't think was possible
1366
01:07:13,533 --> 01:07:15,533
unless we built our own slaughterhouse.
1367
01:07:17,033 --> 01:07:19,367
Meatworks is coming at it from our perspective,
1368
01:07:19,367 --> 01:07:21,233
from the farmer's perspective,
1369
01:07:21,233 --> 01:07:25,067
with all of our complaints and with all of our dreams.
1370
01:07:25,067 --> 01:07:26,233
That's their goal,
1371
01:07:26,233 --> 01:07:30,033
and so maybe that last day is gonna be
1372
01:07:30,033 --> 01:07:32,200
just as good as the rest of 'em.
1373
01:07:32,200 --> 01:07:35,033
(birds chirping)
1374
01:07:38,400 --> 01:07:41,267
When I'm taking animals to the slaughterhouse,
1375
01:07:41,267 --> 01:07:44,767
there's certainly an aspect of it that's just a job.
1376
01:07:44,767 --> 01:07:47,167
It's one of the tasks on my to-do list
1377
01:07:47,167 --> 01:07:49,067
that I've gotta get done.
1378
01:07:52,133 --> 01:07:54,100
There's also a part of it,
1379
01:07:54,100 --> 01:07:55,600
once I'm actually at the slaughterhouse
1380
01:07:55,600 --> 01:07:59,000
and watching the animals go, as much as possible,
1381
01:07:59,000 --> 01:08:02,267
I try to take a moment to say my gratefulness
1382
01:08:02,267 --> 01:08:04,667
to the animal and gratitude,
1383
01:08:04,667 --> 01:08:07,067
and gratefulness to the people at the slaughterhouse
1384
01:08:07,067 --> 01:08:08,400
for doing what they do.
1385
01:08:08,400 --> 01:08:10,733
(calm music)
1386
01:08:15,800 --> 01:08:17,433
Meatworks is so small.
1387
01:08:17,433 --> 01:08:19,300
They're only working with farmers,
1388
01:08:19,300 --> 01:08:21,633
and they were started by farmers
1389
01:08:21,633 --> 01:08:23,800
because of the frustration that farmers have had
1390
01:08:23,800 --> 01:08:25,600
with bigger processing plants.
1391
01:08:26,767 --> 01:08:27,633
Go on.
1392
01:08:29,167 --> 01:08:30,800
And I'm grateful to the people that are doing it,
1393
01:08:30,800 --> 01:08:31,767
and especially the ones
1394
01:08:31,767 --> 01:08:34,600
that still care animal to animal
1395
01:08:34,600 --> 01:08:38,267
about the humaneness of the process.
1396
01:08:38,267 --> 01:08:41,100
(gate clattering)
1397
01:08:42,433 --> 01:08:45,832
Any time we slaughter animals for our own consumption,
1398
01:08:45,832 --> 01:08:48,700
which primarily we do slaughter all of the animals
1399
01:08:48,700 --> 01:08:49,800
that we eat in this house,
1400
01:08:51,567 --> 01:08:55,466
we take a moment of silence and then a moment of sharing
1401
01:08:55,466 --> 01:08:59,133
in the presence of the animal to be present
1402
01:08:59,133 --> 01:09:02,700
with what we're doing and to honor that animal's life
1403
01:09:02,700 --> 01:09:05,800
and be grateful for the sustenance
1404
01:09:05,800 --> 01:09:07,667
that it's gonna provide for us.
1405
01:09:14,300 --> 01:09:17,067
- We must return to this notion
1406
01:09:17,067 --> 01:09:19,667
that the earth has these systems,
1407
01:09:19,667 --> 01:09:21,667
and that we have to understand those systems
1408
01:09:21,667 --> 01:09:24,500
and try to mimic and mirror those systems
1409
01:09:24,500 --> 01:09:27,167
in our food production and in the way we eat.
1410
01:09:27,167 --> 01:09:29,399
And when we do that,
1411
01:09:29,399 --> 01:09:32,533
we're gonna have global ecological health,
1412
01:09:32,533 --> 01:09:36,100
and we're gonna have personal individual health as well.
1413
01:09:37,700 --> 01:09:40,500
- You're gonna be really successful raising livestock.
1414
01:09:41,832 --> 01:09:44,667
You're gonna be a grassman before you're a cattleman.
1415
01:09:44,667 --> 01:09:47,100
Cattlemen graze grass down.
1416
01:09:47,100 --> 01:09:49,100
Grassmen know in order to graze it down,
1417
01:09:49,100 --> 01:09:51,700
first you have to graze it up, and overgrazing is a-
1418
01:09:51,700 --> 01:09:54,400
- [Nick] As studies continue to prove the benefits
1419
01:09:54,400 --> 01:09:58,400
of well-grazed animals to our health and our planet,
1420
01:09:58,400 --> 01:10:01,700
many farmers practicing industrial farming methods
1421
01:10:01,700 --> 01:10:04,867
are beginning to adopt regenerative methods
1422
01:10:04,867 --> 01:10:09,867
to save their farms and the soil for future generations.
1423
01:10:10,233 --> 01:10:12,133
- [Instructor] And they're usually much better looking.
1424
01:10:14,400 --> 01:10:17,200
- We went ahead and we signed up for a week-long class,
1425
01:10:17,200 --> 01:10:19,733
and I have a couple of degrees from Purdue,
1426
01:10:19,733 --> 01:10:23,200
but that week-long that we had there was so intensive,
1427
01:10:23,200 --> 01:10:25,400
I can't even explain how intense it was,
1428
01:10:25,400 --> 01:10:29,567
and it was a game-changer, huge game-changer for our farm.
1429
01:10:29,567 --> 01:10:32,233
(bright music)
1430
01:10:36,633 --> 01:10:39,300
- In the past, we always just grain fed our beef
1431
01:10:39,300 --> 01:10:40,400
and we just put 'em out there,
1432
01:10:40,400 --> 01:10:42,400
and we raised corn and we just raised these beef
1433
01:10:42,400 --> 01:10:43,800
so we just corn fed everything.
1434
01:10:45,733 --> 01:10:47,300
As of this year,
1435
01:10:47,300 --> 01:10:50,400
we're doing all grass-fed beef from start to finish.
1436
01:10:51,833 --> 01:10:53,233
- We're getting away
1437
01:10:53,233 --> 01:10:55,500
from the commercial chemical agriculture.
1438
01:10:56,833 --> 01:10:59,933
We're actually just growing it with the land,
1439
01:10:59,933 --> 01:11:03,467
just because the point of it is to make life, to make food,
1440
01:11:03,467 --> 01:11:06,600
and we want to make good food.
1441
01:11:06,600 --> 01:11:08,500
- This here pasture, they've been on this pasture here
1442
01:11:08,500 --> 01:11:10,333
about a day and a half,
1443
01:11:10,333 --> 01:11:13,433
and we're getting ready to pull 'em off of this paddock
1444
01:11:13,433 --> 01:11:15,700
onto our new paddock over here.
1445
01:11:16,800 --> 01:11:19,600
It's had about 25 to 30 days' worth of rest,
1446
01:11:19,600 --> 01:11:21,800
and as you can see, it's nice, lush and green,
1447
01:11:21,800 --> 01:11:23,633
and lots of new regrowth,
1448
01:11:23,633 --> 01:11:26,833
and this here has been ate down pretty good.
1449
01:11:26,833 --> 01:11:28,767
And this here's gonna get its 30 days' rest.
1450
01:11:28,767 --> 01:11:31,367
- One of my favorite and most common questions is,
1451
01:11:31,367 --> 01:11:34,633
"Okay, so even if this sounds good and your pigs are happier
1452
01:11:34,633 --> 01:11:35,800
"and your chickens are happier,
1453
01:11:35,800 --> 01:11:38,233
"can we really feed the world this way?"
1454
01:11:38,233 --> 01:11:39,900
And the answer is not only can we,
1455
01:11:39,900 --> 01:11:41,800
it's the only way that actually can,
1456
01:11:41,800 --> 01:11:45,500
because the other system is so environmentally degrading,
1457
01:11:45,500 --> 01:11:48,367
it's degrading faster than we can feed ourselves.
1458
01:11:49,467 --> 01:11:54,300
(Paul calling cattle) (cattle lowing)
1459
01:11:54,900 --> 01:11:57,533
(lively music)
1460
01:12:01,633 --> 01:12:04,500
(hooves clopping)
1461
01:12:12,000 --> 01:12:13,833
- [Joanna] Finally our farm is making money
1462
01:12:13,833 --> 01:12:14,767
at what we're doing.
1463
01:12:16,267 --> 01:12:18,833
It's a win for our family and us.
1464
01:12:18,833 --> 01:12:22,433
It's a win for the people who are eating what we produce,
1465
01:12:22,433 --> 01:12:25,433
and it's a win for the whole environment around us.
1466
01:12:26,533 --> 01:12:27,700
- So you're just stopping on by then?
1467
01:12:27,700 --> 01:12:29,000
- Yep, just headed through-
1468
01:12:29,000 --> 01:12:31,033
- Our children are interested in the farm as well,
1469
01:12:31,033 --> 01:12:35,733
so we want to continue to lean up the business
1470
01:12:35,733 --> 01:12:39,033
and make it more enjoyable for them to come into,
1471
01:12:39,033 --> 01:12:40,633
'cause now it's starting to pay us.
1472
01:12:40,633 --> 01:12:42,867
Now we wanna have more positions available
1473
01:12:42,867 --> 01:12:45,367
in each of the areas that they're interested in.
1474
01:12:45,367 --> 01:12:46,967
(gentle music)
1475
01:12:46,967 --> 01:12:50,700
Levi is interested in his grass-fed lambs,
1476
01:12:50,700 --> 01:12:54,733
and so what we're doing is helping him progress with that.
1477
01:12:57,367 --> 01:12:58,367
- Hey, Stephanie?
1478
01:12:59,733 --> 01:13:00,600
- [Stephanie] Yeah, hi.
1479
01:13:00,600 --> 01:13:01,567
- This is Levi.
1480
01:13:01,567 --> 01:13:03,733
I'm coming to buy your sheep.
1481
01:13:03,733 --> 01:13:05,367
- [Stephanie] Yeah, hi, how are you, Levi?
1482
01:13:05,367 --> 01:13:07,033
- I'm doing pretty well.
1483
01:13:07,033 --> 01:13:08,433
Called to tell you that we're
1484
01:13:08,433 --> 01:13:11,733
about 20 minutes out to your place.
1485
01:13:11,733 --> 01:13:12,900
- [Stephanie] Okay, great.
1486
01:13:12,900 --> 01:13:14,067
We'll see you guys then.
1487
01:13:14,067 --> 01:13:14,900
- Okay.
1488
01:13:16,333 --> 01:13:18,300
I just got off the phone with Stephanie.
1489
01:13:19,467 --> 01:13:22,567
She has the 19 sheep that I called about.
1490
01:13:24,733 --> 01:13:26,767
I had a lot of customers ask about sheep,
1491
01:13:26,767 --> 01:13:29,100
and sheep I thought would be a good addition to the farm
1492
01:13:29,100 --> 01:13:31,567
since we already do pigs, turkeys, cows.
1493
01:13:31,567 --> 01:13:34,000
(dogs barking)
1494
01:13:35,900 --> 01:13:39,067
(Stephanie speaking faintly)
1495
01:13:39,067 --> 01:13:40,433
Come here, you.
1496
01:13:41,800 --> 01:13:42,667
Aw.
1497
01:13:46,633 --> 01:13:48,033
- [Stephanie] This is the last one. He's the heaviest.
1498
01:13:49,000 --> 01:13:51,600
(Levi grunts)
1499
01:13:58,133 --> 01:14:00,933
(lambs bleating)
1500
01:14:05,533 --> 01:14:07,700
- 10, 11, 12,
1501
01:14:07,700 --> 01:14:09,000
13, 14, 15-
1502
01:14:09,000 --> 01:14:09,933
(lambs bleating)
1503
01:14:09,933 --> 01:14:11,767
- Thank you very much. - All right, guys,
1504
01:14:11,767 --> 01:14:12,633
thank you very much.
1505
01:14:12,633 --> 01:14:14,033
- Nice meeting you. - Nice meeting you.
1506
01:14:14,033 --> 01:14:15,367
(engine rumbling)
1507
01:14:15,367 --> 01:14:16,667
- [Stephanie] Bye.
1508
01:14:22,133 --> 01:14:27,333
- I'm $2,800 short and 19 head more than what I had,
1509
01:14:28,467 --> 01:14:31,400
so it's the start of a new enterprise,
1510
01:14:31,400 --> 01:14:33,367
and we're gonna see how well that works.
1511
01:14:36,400 --> 01:14:38,533
- When's the last time all the soccer moms were lined up
1512
01:14:38,533 --> 01:14:40,633
and they're talking about their little child prodigies,
1513
01:14:40,633 --> 01:14:42,833
and one of 'em dares to step forward and say,
1514
01:14:42,833 --> 01:14:46,133
"Well, my little Mary just told me last week,
1515
01:14:46,133 --> 01:14:48,533
"she wants to grow up and be a farmer,"
1516
01:14:48,533 --> 01:14:50,967
and all the other soccer moms say, "Wow, cool!
1517
01:14:50,967 --> 01:14:52,533
"That's great!"
1518
01:14:52,533 --> 01:14:53,933
Can you imagine that happening?
1519
01:14:53,933 --> 01:14:56,600
(lively music)
1520
01:14:57,700 --> 01:15:00,000
That's when our food's gonna change,
1521
01:15:00,000 --> 01:15:01,833
our health is gonna change,
1522
01:15:01,833 --> 01:15:04,733
and the health of our land and our farms is gonna change.
1523
01:15:04,733 --> 01:15:06,167
That's when it's gonna change.
1524
01:15:06,167 --> 01:15:09,000
(sheep bleating)
1525
01:15:29,700 --> 01:15:32,767
- My name is Kyle, and I'm here on Anslee Farms.
1526
01:15:32,767 --> 01:15:34,200
We're located in West Michigan.
1527
01:15:34,200 --> 01:15:37,067
- My name is Felipo, and I'm a dairy farmer
1528
01:15:37,067 --> 01:15:39,033
from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
1529
01:15:39,033 --> 01:15:40,633
- My name is Sarah Gleason,
1530
01:15:40,633 --> 01:15:43,767
and I am the owner and operator of Gleason Bison.
1531
01:15:45,067 --> 01:15:49,900
We ranch here, 15 miles outside of Durango, Colorado.
1532
01:15:49,900 --> 01:15:52,200
- My name is Musak Sell from Kenya.
1533
01:15:52,200 --> 01:15:53,133
(cowbells ringing)
1534
01:15:53,133 --> 01:15:56,700
(Musak speaking indistinctly)
1535
01:15:56,700 --> 01:15:58,500
- And we're Jackson Regenerational Farm
1536
01:15:58,500 --> 01:15:59,633
in Atkinson, Maine.
1537
01:15:59,633 --> 01:16:02,633
- Hi, I'm Edlund Choy, and this is White Oak Pastures
1538
01:16:02,633 --> 01:16:03,667
in Bluffton, Georgia.
1539
01:16:03,667 --> 01:16:04,967
- My name is Ashley.
1540
01:16:04,967 --> 01:16:06,767
My husband Ross and I own
1541
01:16:06,767 --> 01:16:09,733
and operate The Bluffs in central Minnesota.
1542
01:16:09,733 --> 01:16:12,067
- My name is from Pablo Echeverri from Argentina.
1543
01:16:12,067 --> 01:16:13,767
- My name is Hannes, and I'm part
1544
01:16:13,767 --> 01:16:16,500
of a five-man farm team farming 20 acres
1545
01:16:16,500 --> 01:16:18,933
(rooster crows) of connected land
1546
01:16:18,933 --> 01:16:22,100
just outside the city of Hamburg in Northern Germany.
1547
01:16:22,100 --> 01:16:23,733
- What I hope for the future is
1548
01:16:23,733 --> 01:16:25,967
to implement holistic management
1549
01:16:25,967 --> 01:16:30,633
and regenerative practices through our community.
1550
01:16:30,633 --> 01:16:33,600
- There really is a large number of people
1551
01:16:33,600 --> 01:16:36,167
who want to know where their food comes from,
1552
01:16:36,167 --> 01:16:39,667
that their food, it was raised sustainably.
1553
01:16:39,667 --> 01:16:43,167
- All enterprises somehow interconnect.
1554
01:16:44,267 --> 01:16:46,933
Cows in the winter stables produce compost
1555
01:16:46,933 --> 01:16:48,200
for our market garden.
1556
01:16:48,200 --> 01:16:50,700
The chickens provide external fertility input
1557
01:16:50,700 --> 01:16:52,267
to our pastures, which has been great
1558
01:16:52,267 --> 01:16:53,267
for our cows and sheep.
1559
01:16:53,267 --> 01:16:54,633
- There are people out there
1560
01:16:54,633 --> 01:16:57,167
who are passionately dedicating their lives
1561
01:16:57,167 --> 01:16:58,867
to the betterment of our environment
1562
01:16:58,867 --> 01:17:01,100
and the communities that they're in.
1563
01:17:01,100 --> 01:17:02,200
- So thank you very much,
1564
01:17:02,200 --> 01:17:03,833
and you are highly welcome to (indistinct)
1565
01:17:03,833 --> 01:17:06,700
so that we can learn from you and you learn from us.
1566
01:17:06,700 --> 01:17:08,867
- I think this generation has understood
1567
01:17:08,867 --> 01:17:12,800
that we are just part of a big, complex system,
1568
01:17:12,800 --> 01:17:15,833
and how our actions have big consequences,
1569
01:17:15,833 --> 01:17:18,300
so we need to change the way we make decisions
1570
01:17:18,300 --> 01:17:21,733
so that we can thrive together with nature.
1571
01:17:30,967 --> 01:17:32,233
(cattle lowing)
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01:17:32,233 --> 01:17:34,133
- [Nick] Farmers around the world
1573
01:17:34,133 --> 01:17:36,967
are adopting regenerative techniques,
1574
01:17:36,967 --> 01:17:41,900
healing the land, and providing vital nutrition for humans.
1575
01:17:41,900 --> 01:17:43,867
Join us in helping to create
1576
01:17:43,867 --> 01:17:47,900
a better food system at sacredcow.info.
1577
01:17:48,200 --> 01:17:51,000
(tranquil music)
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01:17:55,267 --> 01:17:57,900
(gentle music)
115756
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