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- [dan] warning, what
you are about to see
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00:00:07,225 --> 00:00:08,958
Could be disturbing
to some viewers.
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00:00:08,960 --> 00:00:11,178
Viewer discretion is advised.
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00:00:12,372 --> 00:00:14,765
(suspenseful music)
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00:00:18,144 --> 00:00:22,405
Imagine military superpowers
around the world
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00:00:22,407 --> 00:00:27,110
Enlisting beloved sea creatures
to search and destroy.
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00:00:27,112 --> 00:00:29,279
(dolphin squeaking)
- they're very loving,
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00:00:29,281 --> 00:00:30,721
They're very friendly.
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00:00:30,723 --> 00:00:32,240
- But then, pop.
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00:00:32,242 --> 00:00:36,702
- The dolphins would ram
any suspected enemy.
11
00:00:36,704 --> 00:00:40,140
- How about building a
swarm of robot assassins?
12
00:00:40,142 --> 00:00:42,626
- We've armed these robots,
we've taught them to think.
13
00:00:42,628 --> 00:00:44,077
We've taught them
to work together.
14
00:00:44,079 --> 00:00:45,670
- It's not that hard to imagine
15
00:00:45,672 --> 00:00:48,757
Having your own private
drone swarm army.
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00:00:49,734 --> 00:00:52,410
- Or turning corpses
into killers.
17
00:00:52,412 --> 00:00:56,789
- Men in the mongol army
are dying in droves.
18
00:00:56,791 --> 00:00:57,949
- They're bloated bodies.
19
00:00:57,951 --> 00:00:59,292
When they hit,
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00:00:59,294 --> 00:01:01,161
(choir singing)
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00:01:01,163 --> 00:01:03,513
They're exploding on impact.
22
00:01:03,515 --> 00:01:05,899
- These are the
weapons so surprising,
23
00:01:05,901 --> 00:01:08,609
They are truly unbelievable.
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00:01:08,611 --> 00:01:10,862
(dramatic music)
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00:01:20,623 --> 00:01:25,484
It's 1941 and britain is getting
hammered by nazi germany.
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00:01:25,486 --> 00:01:27,420
The luftwaffe is
reigning bombs down
27
00:01:27,422 --> 00:01:28,872
On london and other cities,
28
00:01:28,874 --> 00:01:32,058
As u-boats wreak havoc along
allied shipping routes.
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00:01:32,060 --> 00:01:35,262
Desperate for something that
can turn the tide of war,
30
00:01:35,264 --> 00:01:37,681
British special ops come up with
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00:01:37,683 --> 00:01:41,726
Something we can
only call unusual.
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00:01:41,728 --> 00:01:44,688
(intense music)
(flames raging)
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00:01:45,590 --> 00:01:47,974
- They procure
rats with the idea
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00:01:47,976 --> 00:01:51,862
That they can use these rodents,
that will usually go unnoticed,
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00:01:51,864 --> 00:01:54,338
As weapons of mass destruction.
36
00:01:54,340 --> 00:01:58,517
- They take the bodies of
recently departed rats,
37
00:01:58,519 --> 00:01:59,903
They fill them with explosives,
38
00:01:59,905 --> 00:02:02,998
And then stitch their
little bodies back together.
39
00:02:03,900 --> 00:02:05,791
- They would make sure
that these explosive rats
40
00:02:05,793 --> 00:02:09,078
Would end up in the coal piles
of a steam train, of a ship,
41
00:02:09,080 --> 00:02:12,598
Of a factory, and then when
the shovel full of coal
42
00:02:12,600 --> 00:02:13,933
Would be thrown
into the furnace,
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00:02:13,935 --> 00:02:18,104
The explosives would ignite,
causing death, causing damage,
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00:02:18,106 --> 00:02:20,831
Causing problems for
the german war machine.
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00:02:20,833 --> 00:02:22,166
- So the plan is launched.
46
00:02:22,168 --> 00:02:25,562
They have the rat bombs, they
have the supply ready to go,
47
00:02:25,564 --> 00:02:27,430
And they just need to
ship them into germany
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00:02:27,432 --> 00:02:30,783
Where they have an agent on
the inside who's to ensure
49
00:02:30,785 --> 00:02:32,552
That they're distributed in ways
50
00:02:32,554 --> 00:02:35,588
That'll cause the
maximum amount of damage.
51
00:02:35,590 --> 00:02:38,182
- [dan] off goes the
shipment of rigged rats.
52
00:02:38,184 --> 00:02:40,493
Everything seems to
be going to plan.
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00:02:40,495 --> 00:02:43,980
That is, until the
germans smell a rat.
54
00:02:43,982 --> 00:02:46,649
- The nazis intercept
the rat bombs,
55
00:02:46,651 --> 00:02:48,727
But it's not a total loss.
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00:02:48,729 --> 00:02:52,063
- The german army is now
paranoid and every possible rat,
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00:02:52,065 --> 00:02:55,216
Every possible rat
haven environment,
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00:02:55,218 --> 00:02:58,452
Becomes a potential
explosive threat.
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00:02:58,454 --> 00:03:00,613
- The fear of this threat
is so extensive that
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00:03:00,615 --> 00:03:03,874
They even display what one
of these rat bombs looks like
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00:03:03,876 --> 00:03:05,894
At german military schools.
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00:03:05,896 --> 00:03:07,912
Ultimately, british
special ops determined
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00:03:07,914 --> 00:03:09,730
That this is a far
better consequence
64
00:03:09,732 --> 00:03:12,992
Than they had ever intended
with the rat bombs themselves.
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00:03:12,994 --> 00:03:15,828
- An inordinate and
disproportionate
66
00:03:15,830 --> 00:03:18,198
Amount of attention
is now directed
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00:03:18,200 --> 00:03:21,134
Toward the cadavers of rats,
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00:03:21,136 --> 00:03:23,511
When maybe what the
enemy should be doing
69
00:03:23,513 --> 00:03:25,455
Is looking out for
something else.
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00:03:26,641 --> 00:03:28,290
- Not to be outdone by britain,
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00:03:28,292 --> 00:03:32,629
The us deploys their own
exploding mammal to end the war.
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00:03:32,631 --> 00:03:35,840
Oddly enough, this one flies.
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00:03:35,842 --> 00:03:38,510
(explosion booming)
(tense music)
74
00:03:39,470 --> 00:03:41,388
- The japanese
bomb pearl harbor,
75
00:03:41,390 --> 00:03:44,181
The united states
enters world war ii,
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00:03:44,183 --> 00:03:49,287
And we're trying to come up
with any, any clever idea
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00:03:49,289 --> 00:03:52,832
To end the war as
quickly as possible.
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00:03:52,834 --> 00:03:56,069
- In pennsylvania, this
dental surgeon by the name
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00:03:56,071 --> 00:03:59,939
Of dr. Lytle adams thinks
that he has the ideal remedy,
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00:03:59,941 --> 00:04:02,409
The ideal weapon for
the united states.
81
00:04:04,279 --> 00:04:05,953
- Adams is a part-time inventor
82
00:04:05,955 --> 00:04:08,939
And he is also a man who
enjoys exploring caves.
83
00:04:08,941 --> 00:04:11,793
And one day he's touring
around caves in new mexico
84
00:04:11,795 --> 00:04:15,547
And he sees bats hanging
everywhere, and he thinks,
85
00:04:16,391 --> 00:04:18,507
"what if we weaponize them?"
86
00:04:18,509 --> 00:04:22,345
- His idea? Strap
explosives to bats
87
00:04:22,347 --> 00:04:25,265
And release them
into enemy territory.
88
00:04:26,159 --> 00:04:29,477
- This is absolutely
a stroke of genius.
89
00:04:29,479 --> 00:04:32,405
Dr. Adams knows that
bats can carry more
90
00:04:32,407 --> 00:04:34,565
Of their body weight than birds.
91
00:04:34,567 --> 00:04:36,750
They fly faster than birds.
92
00:04:36,752 --> 00:04:40,913
- The way this can work is that
you can chill the bats down
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00:04:40,915 --> 00:04:45,585
To around 40 degrees and they
enter a hibernation state.
94
00:04:45,587 --> 00:04:47,119
- Each hibernating bat is fitted
95
00:04:47,121 --> 00:04:50,123
With a little incendiary
device of napalm.
96
00:04:51,317 --> 00:04:53,759
These hibernating,
bomb laden bats
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00:04:53,761 --> 00:04:56,671
Can then be loaded
into a canister
98
00:04:56,673 --> 00:05:00,199
And that could be carried
up aloft in a b-25.
99
00:05:00,201 --> 00:05:02,944
Once released, the bats
would naturally wake up
100
00:05:02,946 --> 00:05:05,162
When they hit warmer air.
101
00:05:05,164 --> 00:05:06,473
- They will then flutter off
102
00:05:06,475 --> 00:05:10,268
And find whatever building
they possibly can and roost.
103
00:05:10,270 --> 00:05:13,079
- So these bats make their way
into the eaves of buildings,
104
00:05:13,081 --> 00:05:14,230
Into attics, into crawl spaces,
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00:05:14,232 --> 00:05:17,067
And then when the timer goes
off, the napalm is ignited
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00:05:17,069 --> 00:05:20,603
And then kabam, (explopsion
booming) they explode.
107
00:05:20,605 --> 00:05:23,506
- How did this plan
even get greenlit?
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00:05:23,508 --> 00:05:27,327
Dr. Adams has friends
in very high places.
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00:05:28,388 --> 00:05:31,631
- Adams knows the first
lady, eleanor roosevelt.
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00:05:31,633 --> 00:05:35,877
He writes her a letter
describing what he wants to do.
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00:05:37,305 --> 00:05:39,838
She then shows that
letter to her husband,
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00:05:39,840 --> 00:05:41,031
The president of
the united states,
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00:05:41,033 --> 00:05:43,659
The commander-in-chief
of the american military.
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00:05:43,661 --> 00:05:47,680
- Fdr hands the idea over
to the us army air force,
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00:05:47,682 --> 00:05:50,391
Along with the $2
million check and says,
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00:05:50,393 --> 00:05:52,501
"go develop bat bombs."
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00:05:52,503 --> 00:05:55,020
- There have to be those
who think if the president,
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00:05:55,022 --> 00:05:56,581
President roosevelt wants this,
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00:05:56,583 --> 00:05:57,974
Then there's gotta
be some science here,
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00:05:57,976 --> 00:05:59,943
This there's gotta be something
here that's worth pursuing.
121
00:05:59,945 --> 00:06:02,645
There also has to be those folks
who are thinking to themselves,
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00:06:02,647 --> 00:06:05,965
"this is literally bat (beep)
crazy, how can this work?"
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00:06:05,967 --> 00:06:09,761
- [dan] to pull this off,
dr. Adams needs bats,
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A whole lot of them.
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00:06:11,497 --> 00:06:12,989
- Adams chooses the
carlsbad air base
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00:06:12,991 --> 00:06:15,007
Because it's right
near a system of caves
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00:06:15,009 --> 00:06:18,344
That have a population of
roughly nine million bats.
128
00:06:18,346 --> 00:06:19,612
So it's perfect, they'll be able
129
00:06:19,614 --> 00:06:21,071
To have an unlimited
supply of bats
130
00:06:21,073 --> 00:06:24,592
And be able to test them
using air force airplanes.
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00:06:25,336 --> 00:06:27,003
- [dan] there's just
one question now.
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00:06:27,005 --> 00:06:30,606
Do these flying mammals have
what it takes to win a war?
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00:06:30,608 --> 00:06:32,525
- The day arrives
to do the first test
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00:06:32,527 --> 00:06:34,327
Without incendiary devices.
135
00:06:34,329 --> 00:06:35,811
So they take thousands of bats
136
00:06:35,813 --> 00:06:38,247
And then drop them over a farm.
137
00:06:38,249 --> 00:06:41,234
They fly down to the ground
and they fly into the barn,
138
00:06:41,236 --> 00:06:43,953
They fly into hay bales,
fly into the house.
139
00:06:43,955 --> 00:06:46,464
They're doing exactly what
they hoped that they would do.
140
00:06:46,466 --> 00:06:48,992
- After the successful
test with the unarmed bats,
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00:06:48,994 --> 00:06:51,043
The army gets a
little bit ambitious
142
00:06:51,045 --> 00:06:54,280
And that same day,
decides to do a mini test
143
00:06:54,282 --> 00:06:56,207
With six armed bats.
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00:06:57,002 --> 00:06:58,201
- [dan] six unlucky bats
145
00:06:58,203 --> 00:07:00,720
Strapped with timer-rigged
napalm capsules.
146
00:07:00,722 --> 00:07:03,590
Again, what could
possibly go wrong?
147
00:07:03,592 --> 00:07:05,692
- They're getting ready to
put them into the casing
148
00:07:05,694 --> 00:07:07,284
When suddenly the bats wake up,
149
00:07:07,286 --> 00:07:09,637
They come out of hibernation
mode and they fly away.
150
00:07:09,639 --> 00:07:11,288
These bats fly all over
the air force base.
151
00:07:11,290 --> 00:07:14,400
They get into a control
tower, they get into a hangar,
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00:07:14,402 --> 00:07:15,384
They go under a fuel tank.
153
00:07:15,386 --> 00:07:17,328
Some of them fly into
an automobile nearby.
154
00:07:17,330 --> 00:07:19,605
Turns out it's the
general's automobile.
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00:07:19,607 --> 00:07:20,523
And they detonate.
156
00:07:20,525 --> 00:07:23,559
- The test of the bat
bomb is such a success,
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00:07:23,561 --> 00:07:25,545
It demolishes the military base,
158
00:07:25,547 --> 00:07:28,497
But it means it works,
it works perfectly.
159
00:07:28,499 --> 00:07:31,067
- [dan] unsurprisingly,
there is one person
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00:07:31,069 --> 00:07:33,886
Who is not very happy
with the outcome.
161
00:07:33,888 --> 00:07:37,406
- Our army air corps general
is pretty much fed up
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00:07:37,408 --> 00:07:40,259
With this project because
it blows up his car.
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00:07:40,261 --> 00:07:42,045
It sort of puts a
blemish on his record.
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00:07:42,047 --> 00:07:44,506
So it's handed off to
the united states navy.
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00:07:44,508 --> 00:07:47,583
- But the us navy
has other priorities.
166
00:07:47,585 --> 00:07:49,252
And the navy, uninterested
167
00:07:49,254 --> 00:07:51,237
In developing this
program further,
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00:07:51,239 --> 00:07:53,998
Turns it over to the
united states marine corps.
169
00:07:54,876 --> 00:07:56,576
- When the marines
take over this project,
170
00:07:56,578 --> 00:07:58,778
They move the operation
eventually to utah,
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00:07:58,780 --> 00:08:01,605
Where they build a
model japanese village,
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00:08:01,607 --> 00:08:04,000
And they're able to
destroy this model village
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00:08:04,002 --> 00:08:06,443
Using these incendiary bats.
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00:08:06,445 --> 00:08:08,454
- [dan] despite this
initial success,
175
00:08:08,456 --> 00:08:12,366
The marines quickly learn bats
aren't always cooperative.
176
00:08:12,368 --> 00:08:15,352
- Sometimes they don't
wake up from hibernation,
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00:08:15,354 --> 00:08:17,639
So when they're
dropped out of a plane,
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00:08:17,641 --> 00:08:20,908
They just kind of fall
and land wherever.
179
00:08:20,910 --> 00:08:23,377
- They find that when
females are pregnant
180
00:08:23,379 --> 00:08:25,538
And males are in the vicinity
of the pregnant females,
181
00:08:25,540 --> 00:08:28,908
That the males become
agitated to such a degree
182
00:08:28,910 --> 00:08:31,368
That they're no longer
predictably capable
183
00:08:31,370 --> 00:08:33,871
Of delivering the
explosives as intended.
184
00:08:33,873 --> 00:08:36,933
And there's really only
about a five month period
185
00:08:36,935 --> 00:08:39,043
In the calendar
year during which
186
00:08:39,045 --> 00:08:42,546
The bat can be reliably used
for the delivery of explosives.
187
00:08:42,548 --> 00:08:43,823
And the big problem there
188
00:08:43,825 --> 00:08:46,276
Is that the war goes
on 12 months a year.
189
00:08:46,278 --> 00:08:49,720
- As the team is working
through all these difficulties,
190
00:08:49,722 --> 00:08:52,648
In parallel, there's
another effort underway
191
00:08:52,650 --> 00:08:56,410
To shorten the war, and that
is the atomic bomb project.
192
00:08:56,412 --> 00:09:01,006
So eventually the bat
bomb is simply discarded.
193
00:09:01,008 --> 00:09:02,250
(stamp thumping)
194
00:09:03,745 --> 00:09:05,177
- [dan] more than
a decade later,
195
00:09:05,179 --> 00:09:08,080
France dreams up a different
type of aerial weapon.
196
00:09:08,082 --> 00:09:09,757
- The year is 1954.
197
00:09:09,759 --> 00:09:12,685
France has just lost the
first indo-china war
198
00:09:12,687 --> 00:09:16,538
And they're trying to figure
out what can we do in future
199
00:09:16,540 --> 00:09:20,776
To mobilize our troops so
that they are transported
200
00:09:20,778 --> 00:09:23,754
To places faster,
while at the same time,
201
00:09:23,756 --> 00:09:25,105
Having some type of weaponry
202
00:09:25,107 --> 00:09:28,868
That can take out heavy
ordinance on the opposing side.
203
00:09:29,504 --> 00:09:31,321
- So what they come
up with is this idea
204
00:09:31,323 --> 00:09:36,792
Of mounting an anti-tank gun,
a massive gun onto a scooter,
205
00:09:36,794 --> 00:09:40,471
But not just any scooter,
an iconic scooter.
206
00:09:40,473 --> 00:09:43,282
- [dan] the very word vespa
evokes visions of scooting
207
00:09:43,284 --> 00:09:46,084
Through sun-kissed
italian hills,
208
00:09:46,086 --> 00:09:49,038
Not these two wheeled
killing machines.
209
00:09:49,040 --> 00:09:51,390
- In 1956, the french debuted
210
00:09:51,392 --> 00:09:54,710
Their heavily militarized
vespa complete with the bazooka
211
00:09:54,712 --> 00:09:56,553
That is able to take out a tank.
212
00:09:56,555 --> 00:09:59,866
Here's the thing, it only
costs about $500 to make,
213
00:09:59,868 --> 00:10:02,785
Whereas a tank costs
around $200,000 to make.
214
00:10:02,787 --> 00:10:07,690
So if your $500 weapon can
take out a $200,000 weapon,
215
00:10:07,692 --> 00:10:11,227
I'd say it pays for
itself after one usage.
216
00:10:11,229 --> 00:10:13,137
- [dan] cost effective for sure,
217
00:10:13,139 --> 00:10:16,165
But does it actually
work on the battlefield?
218
00:10:16,167 --> 00:10:18,084
- The french actually
used the bazooka
219
00:10:18,086 --> 00:10:19,902
In the french algerian war.
220
00:10:20,497 --> 00:10:23,739
What they do is they
parachute the scooter out
221
00:10:23,741 --> 00:10:26,242
Of a plane along
with two soldiers.
222
00:10:26,244 --> 00:10:28,010
- Suddenly, you have
french paratroopers
223
00:10:28,012 --> 00:10:31,180
Who, once they land on a
drop zone with their vespas
224
00:10:31,182 --> 00:10:33,633
And their m-20 anti-tank
recoilless rifles,
225
00:10:33,635 --> 00:10:36,577
They can move from place
to place very rapidly
226
00:10:36,579 --> 00:10:39,429
And they constitute
a significant threat
227
00:10:39,431 --> 00:10:40,932
On the battlefield.
228
00:10:42,376 --> 00:10:45,094
- Even though the bazooka
vespa looks awesome,
229
00:10:45,096 --> 00:10:48,231
It still isn't really much of a
match for the guerilla warfare
230
00:10:48,233 --> 00:10:50,340
That's happening on the
streets of algeria.
231
00:10:50,342 --> 00:10:53,436
- In the end, the bazooka vespa
puts up a pretty good fight,
232
00:10:53,438 --> 00:10:55,988
But the algerians put up a
better one and win the war.
233
00:10:55,990 --> 00:10:57,089
But the algerians put up a
better one and win the war.
234
00:10:57,275 --> 00:10:58,932
But I still want
a bazooka vespa.
235
00:10:59,560 --> 00:11:02,361
- The bazooka vespa is
honorably discharged
236
00:11:02,363 --> 00:11:04,872
After a production
run of just over 600.
237
00:11:08,061 --> 00:11:10,052
- It's 1942, deep
into world war ii,
238
00:11:10,054 --> 00:11:12,855
The nazi u-boats are blowing
winston churchill's ships
239
00:11:12,857 --> 00:11:13,756
Out of the water.
240
00:11:13,758 --> 00:11:18,385
It's time for an
unconventional plan of attack,
241
00:11:18,387 --> 00:11:20,137
Ice the nazis.
242
00:11:20,139 --> 00:11:22,432
(tense music)
243
00:11:23,968 --> 00:11:26,886
- The most effective way to
destroy all of these u-boats
244
00:11:26,888 --> 00:11:28,688
Is through air cover.
245
00:11:29,774 --> 00:11:31,958
Unfortunately,
it's world war ii.
246
00:11:31,960 --> 00:11:34,627
We don't have planes that
can really fly very far
247
00:11:34,629 --> 00:11:38,481
And those that can fly far,
can't carry much armament.
248
00:11:38,483 --> 00:11:41,366
Well, we could build
aircraft carriers.
249
00:11:41,368 --> 00:11:43,219
- The problem is
there is a scarcity
250
00:11:43,221 --> 00:11:46,572
Or shortage of metals
like steel and aluminum.
251
00:11:46,574 --> 00:11:48,657
These are the structural
materials that you would use
252
00:11:48,659 --> 00:11:51,176
To build a traditional
aircraft carrier.
253
00:11:51,178 --> 00:11:54,130
- [dan] then, scientist
and inventor geoffrey pyke
254
00:11:54,132 --> 00:11:56,757
Has an unusual proposal.
255
00:11:56,759 --> 00:11:58,851
- As crazy as it sounds,
256
00:11:58,853 --> 00:12:01,804
Geoffrey pyke ultimately
develops this idea
257
00:12:01,806 --> 00:12:06,509
That we could introduce the
unsinkable aircraft carrier
258
00:12:06,511 --> 00:12:09,086
And that it could be an iceberg.
259
00:12:09,680 --> 00:12:12,439
- [dan] how can a floating
iceberg possibly function
260
00:12:12,441 --> 00:12:13,682
As an aircraft carrier?
261
00:12:13,684 --> 00:12:18,011
Incredibly, inspiration comes
from the titanic disaster.
262
00:12:18,013 --> 00:12:20,882
- The titanic was supposed
to be an unsinkable ship
263
00:12:20,884 --> 00:12:23,709
And an iceberg took
it down in minutes.
264
00:12:23,711 --> 00:12:27,713
So everyone, the navy,
passenger ship liners,
265
00:12:27,715 --> 00:12:30,866
Every maritime entity is
terrified of icebergs.
266
00:12:30,868 --> 00:12:32,701
The international
ice patrol is born
267
00:12:32,703 --> 00:12:34,878
And their job is basically
268
00:12:34,880 --> 00:12:37,281
To just torpedo the
hell outta icebergs.
269
00:12:37,283 --> 00:12:38,557
(explosion booming)
270
00:12:38,559 --> 00:12:40,301
- What they find is that ships
271
00:12:40,303 --> 00:12:42,828
Are really not good
at sinking icebergs.
272
00:12:42,830 --> 00:12:45,014
You can direct the biggest guns
273
00:12:45,016 --> 00:12:47,350
That a navy has
toward an iceberg
274
00:12:47,352 --> 00:12:51,295
And you're barely going to
chip a little chunk off of it.
275
00:12:51,297 --> 00:12:53,280
- [dan] thinking
outside the box,
276
00:12:53,282 --> 00:12:56,442
Pyke creates a plan
to convert icebergs
277
00:12:56,444 --> 00:12:58,494
To aircraft carriers.
278
00:12:58,496 --> 00:13:01,730
Somehow. The project is
green lit by churchill.
279
00:13:01,732 --> 00:13:05,000
- Of course, this idea has to
have a really good code name
280
00:13:05,002 --> 00:13:07,319
And pyke calls it
the hms habakkuk,
281
00:13:07,321 --> 00:13:09,080
Which is a play on
the prophet habakkuk
282
00:13:09,082 --> 00:13:13,543
From the old testament, who
was able to do the impossible.
283
00:13:14,629 --> 00:13:17,671
- [dan] and just what does
the impossible look like?
284
00:13:17,673 --> 00:13:20,758
- Pyke draws up the blueprints
for his aircraft carrier,
285
00:13:20,760 --> 00:13:23,660
Which is made almost
entirely of ice.
286
00:13:23,662 --> 00:13:26,389
He flattens out the top
of it to use as a runway
287
00:13:26,391 --> 00:13:27,490
And hollows it out
288
00:13:27,492 --> 00:13:29,666
So there's a big cavern
in the middle to serve
289
00:13:29,668 --> 00:13:31,427
As a shelter for the planes.
290
00:13:31,429 --> 00:13:34,513
- [dan] more than four times
the size of the titanic,
291
00:13:34,515 --> 00:13:37,600
It will be the largest
warship ever built.
292
00:13:37,602 --> 00:13:39,293
- It's not going anywhere fast,
293
00:13:39,295 --> 00:13:41,687
We're talking about
eight miles an hour,
294
00:13:41,689 --> 00:13:43,372
But it's torpedo proof,
295
00:13:43,374 --> 00:13:45,624
And it's got
anti-aircraft guns on it,
296
00:13:45,626 --> 00:13:47,784
And you can launch
fighters off of it.
297
00:13:47,786 --> 00:13:49,294
So how cool is that?
298
00:13:49,931 --> 00:13:52,881
- [dan] building a huge
warship from ice is one thing.
299
00:13:52,883 --> 00:13:55,801
Keeping it from melting
is another challenge.
300
00:13:56,437 --> 00:13:58,879
- Pyke creates this kind
of indestructible material.
301
00:13:58,881 --> 00:14:03,275
It's 14% wood pulp, 86%
ice, he calls it pykrete.
302
00:14:03,277 --> 00:14:06,888
And this is going to reinforce
the hull of what he believes
303
00:14:06,890 --> 00:14:11,316
Is going to be an
indestructible floating airstrip
304
00:14:11,318 --> 00:14:14,270
For the allied forces
to retake u-boat alley
305
00:14:14,272 --> 00:14:16,639
From the german war machine.
306
00:14:17,558 --> 00:14:20,334
- If the allies can pull this
off, churchill will have
307
00:14:20,336 --> 00:14:23,571
The most incredible
secret weapon in the war.
308
00:14:24,832 --> 00:14:26,723
- They decide that they're
gonna build a prototype
309
00:14:26,725 --> 00:14:29,285
Of the habakkuk on lake
patricia in canada.
310
00:14:29,287 --> 00:14:32,113
They have kind of an
endless supply of ice.
311
00:14:32,115 --> 00:14:35,541
Ultimately, it's about
60 feet in length.
312
00:14:35,543 --> 00:14:38,169
It's not the most
attractive thing.
313
00:14:38,962 --> 00:14:42,732
It is described as sort of
a floating, frozen shoebox.
314
00:14:42,734 --> 00:14:46,510
However, when they shoot
a ton of torpedoes at it,
315
00:14:47,672 --> 00:14:50,914
It stays afloat and is
relatively unscathed,
316
00:14:51,934 --> 00:14:55,752
Further proving this could
potentially be a game changer
317
00:14:55,754 --> 00:14:57,362
In the allied war effort.
318
00:14:57,364 --> 00:14:59,081
- [dan] after the
successful test,
319
00:14:59,083 --> 00:15:03,185
Churchill decides it's time to
build the mile-long habakkuk,
320
00:15:03,187 --> 00:15:06,205
But that's much
easier said than done.
321
00:15:06,207 --> 00:15:09,050
- The entire
operation demands more
322
00:15:09,052 --> 00:15:11,327
In the way of raw
materials and resources
323
00:15:11,329 --> 00:15:12,695
Than ever dreamed of.
324
00:15:12,697 --> 00:15:16,581
It requires steel, steel as
a part of this cooling system
325
00:15:16,583 --> 00:15:17,774
That will make it possible
326
00:15:17,776 --> 00:15:19,685
For the iceberg
to survive longer.
327
00:15:19,687 --> 00:15:21,778
And steel is a valued commodity
328
00:15:21,780 --> 00:15:24,389
At this stage during
the second world war.
329
00:15:24,391 --> 00:15:28,393
- The cost of building
the full habakkuk ship
330
00:15:28,395 --> 00:15:32,198
Will be two and a
half million pounds.
331
00:15:32,200 --> 00:15:34,867
- That's where churchill
just says it's not worth it.
332
00:15:34,869 --> 00:15:38,287
He cancels development
of the hms habakkuk
333
00:15:38,289 --> 00:15:41,165
And stops all testing in canada.
334
00:15:41,167 --> 00:15:43,809
- [dan] think water-based
weapons can't get more weird
335
00:15:43,811 --> 00:15:46,237
Than an iceberg
aircraft carrier?
336
00:15:47,048 --> 00:15:49,565
How about weaponizing flipper?
337
00:15:50,234 --> 00:15:52,827
- Dolphins are kind of
the hippies of the sea.
338
00:15:52,829 --> 00:15:56,138
They're very loving,
they're very friendly.
339
00:15:56,140 --> 00:15:59,007
We don't think of them
as helping a war effort.
340
00:15:59,009 --> 00:16:01,176
- [dan] but from the cuban
missile crisis onwards,
341
00:16:01,178 --> 00:16:04,004
Trained dolphins are
successfully deployed in vietnam
342
00:16:04,006 --> 00:16:09,110
And iraq to complete missions
no human would dare take on.
343
00:16:09,112 --> 00:16:11,737
- Dolphins show an
incredible acuity
344
00:16:11,739 --> 00:16:15,165
In terms of spotting mines
below the surface of the water.
345
00:16:15,167 --> 00:16:18,244
Essentially, they use
their echo location
346
00:16:18,246 --> 00:16:20,312
To determine where the mine is.
347
00:16:20,314 --> 00:16:21,564
- If the dolphin finds a mine,
348
00:16:21,566 --> 00:16:25,509
The dolphin will ascend to
the surface and tap a buoy,
349
00:16:25,511 --> 00:16:28,595
At which point the animal
will be given a reward.
350
00:16:29,390 --> 00:16:33,442
- [dan] next, the navy tries
using dolphins as assassins.
351
00:16:33,444 --> 00:16:34,943
- So in vietnam, these dolphins
352
00:16:34,945 --> 00:16:38,021
Have a hypodermic needle
attached to their snout.
353
00:16:38,023 --> 00:16:39,414
Gas is inside of it.
354
00:16:39,416 --> 00:16:42,601
The diver who gets poked
by the gas, they don't die.
355
00:16:42,603 --> 00:16:44,044
They just float to the surface.
356
00:16:44,046 --> 00:16:45,454
- It might seem like the
dolphin is being friendly,
357
00:16:45,456 --> 00:16:48,457
But then pop, you get stabbed
with this hypodermic needle
358
00:16:48,459 --> 00:16:49,975
And you're rocketing
to the surface
359
00:16:49,977 --> 00:16:51,794
Where they can be apprehended.
360
00:16:52,630 --> 00:16:54,947
- [dan] incredibly, dolphins
are still being used
361
00:16:54,949 --> 00:16:56,432
As secret weapons today
362
00:16:56,434 --> 00:16:59,885
And the us isn't the only
superpower relying on them.
363
00:17:00,587 --> 00:17:02,712
- The russian navy
has two dolphin pens
364
00:17:02,714 --> 00:17:07,150
Near the sevastopol harbor in
the entrance to the black sea.
365
00:17:07,152 --> 00:17:09,795
- Famously, the russians
move these dolphins
366
00:17:09,797 --> 00:17:13,723
To patrol this key tactical
harbor in sevastopol
367
00:17:13,725 --> 00:17:18,179
To protect the ships that
are incredibly high value
368
00:17:18,181 --> 00:17:20,730
To the russian war effort.
369
00:17:20,732 --> 00:17:22,257
- The ukrainians
are using divers
370
00:17:22,259 --> 00:17:25,335
That can conduct attacks
against russian naval bases.
371
00:17:25,337 --> 00:17:26,903
And in response to
that, the russians
372
00:17:26,905 --> 00:17:29,514
Have introduced
weaponized dolphins.
373
00:17:29,516 --> 00:17:33,268
- They are tasked with
anti-diver operations
374
00:17:33,270 --> 00:17:36,037
To stop any potential sabotage.
375
00:17:36,039 --> 00:17:39,116
The belief is that the dolphins
376
00:17:39,118 --> 00:17:43,587
Would ram any potential
human being below the water,
377
00:17:43,589 --> 00:17:46,265
Thinking they were
a suspected enemy.
378
00:17:46,959 --> 00:17:48,508
- [dan] and it's
not just dolphins
379
00:17:48,510 --> 00:17:49,668
Serving their countries.
380
00:17:49,670 --> 00:17:53,430
Can you imagine a whale
in the role of 007?
381
00:17:54,400 --> 00:17:59,161
- The russian navy has spy
whales patrolling the arctic,
382
00:17:59,163 --> 00:18:01,955
Running surveillance,
protecting its ports,
383
00:18:01,957 --> 00:18:02,956
Protecting its ships,
384
00:18:02,958 --> 00:18:05,784
And letting it know
where the enemy is.
385
00:18:06,453 --> 00:18:07,786
- [dan] this russian
secret weapon
386
00:18:07,788 --> 00:18:13,225
Is about to become not so secret
and you won't believe how.
387
00:18:13,227 --> 00:18:15,076
(mysterious music)
388
00:18:15,078 --> 00:18:17,546
- A bunch of norwegian
fishermen are out
389
00:18:17,548 --> 00:18:19,715
And a friendly beluga
whale just kind of swims up
390
00:18:19,717 --> 00:18:22,125
To their boat and they
realize it's wearing some kind
391
00:18:22,127 --> 00:18:27,497
Of a strappy harness thing,
sort of like a gopro rig.
392
00:18:27,499 --> 00:18:29,633
- And when they
look closer at it,
393
00:18:29,635 --> 00:18:31,877
They find that in
cyrillic characters,
394
00:18:31,879 --> 00:18:33,970
It says, "property
of st. Petersburg."
395
00:18:33,972 --> 00:18:37,824
It provides evidence that
the animal has been equipped
396
00:18:37,826 --> 00:18:40,068
With this package of
equipment that was made
397
00:18:40,070 --> 00:18:42,054
By the russian federation.
398
00:18:42,056 --> 00:18:44,373
- [dan] as for the fate
of the beluga whale spy
399
00:18:44,375 --> 00:18:46,709
That the norwegian
fishermen found.
400
00:18:46,711 --> 00:18:50,245
- The funny thing is, that
whale essentially defects
401
00:18:50,247 --> 00:18:54,566
And goes to norway where
it is renamed hvaldimir,
402
00:18:54,568 --> 00:18:58,512
As an homage and maybe
poking fun at vladimir putin.
403
00:18:59,331 --> 00:19:00,605
- This beluga james bond
404
00:19:00,607 --> 00:19:03,367
Is certainly living his
best life in norway.
405
00:19:03,369 --> 00:19:05,093
If the idea of whales
406
00:19:05,095 --> 00:19:05,418
If the idea of whales
407
00:19:06,096 --> 00:19:08,247
As a weapon strikes
you as truly strange,
408
00:19:08,249 --> 00:19:11,609
Wait 'til you see our
next unbelievable weapon.
409
00:19:14,288 --> 00:19:17,072
- In the late 1950s, the
us is looking for a way
410
00:19:17,074 --> 00:19:18,431
To take down communism.
411
00:19:18,433 --> 00:19:19,491
Their solution?
412
00:19:19,493 --> 00:19:23,703
A weird weapon that
might be too explosive.
413
00:19:23,705 --> 00:19:25,914
(tense music)
414
00:19:25,916 --> 00:19:28,500
- At one of the peaks
of the cold war,
415
00:19:28,502 --> 00:19:30,502
The us navy and the us air force
416
00:19:30,504 --> 00:19:32,688
Are the two services
leading the way
417
00:19:32,690 --> 00:19:34,815
In america's nuclear arsenal.
418
00:19:34,817 --> 00:19:36,124
(explosion booming)
419
00:19:36,126 --> 00:19:37,843
But the army wants
to find some way
420
00:19:37,845 --> 00:19:40,846
To use nuclear devices
in its own activities,
421
00:19:40,848 --> 00:19:42,798
Notably in the field.
422
00:19:42,800 --> 00:19:44,783
- What if, on the battlefield,
423
00:19:44,785 --> 00:19:47,302
A confrontation
with soviet russia,
424
00:19:47,304 --> 00:19:49,896
We have a portable
nuclear weapon,
425
00:19:49,898 --> 00:19:54,485
A nuclear bomb attached
to the end of a bazooka?
426
00:19:55,196 --> 00:19:58,647
That is a battle winning idea.
427
00:19:58,649 --> 00:20:00,174
(tense music)
428
00:20:00,176 --> 00:20:02,259
- [dan] they call it
the davy crockett
429
00:20:02,261 --> 00:20:04,078
And it packs a potent punch.
430
00:20:04,080 --> 00:20:05,971
- The davy crockett
weapon system
431
00:20:05,973 --> 00:20:08,657
Fires a 20-ton nuclear warhead.
432
00:20:08,659 --> 00:20:10,476
Anything in its
immediate vicinity
433
00:20:10,478 --> 00:20:13,753
Is gonna be reduced
to ash, rubble.
434
00:20:13,755 --> 00:20:16,131
(explosion booming)
435
00:20:16,133 --> 00:20:19,592
- It's great at
eradicating your enemies.
436
00:20:19,594 --> 00:20:24,139
It's also great at
eradicating your allies.
437
00:20:24,141 --> 00:20:25,507
- [dan] therein lies the king
438
00:20:25,509 --> 00:20:28,693
Of the wild frontier's
little problem.
439
00:20:28,695 --> 00:20:31,254
- It uses radioactive material,
440
00:20:31,256 --> 00:20:34,199
And the men who are
deploying this device
441
00:20:34,201 --> 00:20:35,484
Are going to be
very close to it,
442
00:20:35,486 --> 00:20:38,854
So they're at risk of
radiation poisoning.
443
00:20:38,856 --> 00:20:40,372
- What they actually
tell them to do
444
00:20:40,374 --> 00:20:44,192
Is safely fire the
weapon, hide behind cover.
445
00:20:44,194 --> 00:20:47,763
Don't look at the bright flash,
get away as quickly as possible.
446
00:20:47,765 --> 00:20:50,957
That way you don't suffer
from nuclear fallout.
447
00:20:50,959 --> 00:20:52,250
- [dan] believe it or not,
448
00:20:52,252 --> 00:20:55,887
Friendly fire radiation
isn't the only issue.
449
00:20:55,889 --> 00:21:00,633
- Deploying nuclear
weapons on a battlefront
450
00:21:00,635 --> 00:21:04,471
Is a guaranteed way
to start an escalation
451
00:21:04,473 --> 00:21:05,830
To global nuclear war.
452
00:21:05,832 --> 00:21:09,125
It won't just stop
with the davy crockett.
453
00:21:09,770 --> 00:21:12,545
- The army starts
recalling the weapon.
454
00:21:12,547 --> 00:21:13,872
The official reason
455
00:21:13,874 --> 00:21:17,501
Is that they are not
accurate enough for combat.
456
00:21:17,503 --> 00:21:19,611
(explosion booming)
457
00:21:20,989 --> 00:21:24,066
- Well, I think the threat of
possibly ending civilization
458
00:21:24,068 --> 00:21:26,994
As we know it merits
a change of pace
459
00:21:26,996 --> 00:21:30,814
To a weird weapon
of less destruction.
460
00:21:30,816 --> 00:21:32,690
(pensive music)
461
00:21:32,692 --> 00:21:36,178
- The year's 1991, we are
in the somali civil war.
462
00:21:36,180 --> 00:21:39,672
At the time, the united
nations is sent there solely
463
00:21:39,674 --> 00:21:40,899
As a peacekeeping force.
464
00:21:40,901 --> 00:21:44,445
They don't have any weapons,
nor do they want any weapons
465
00:21:44,447 --> 00:21:46,889
That are going to
lead to a lethal end.
466
00:21:46,891 --> 00:21:50,108
- There are very few
less-than-lethal weapons
467
00:21:50,110 --> 00:21:53,679
Out there that aren't
truly less than lethal.
468
00:21:53,681 --> 00:21:55,355
Rubber bullets will kill people.
469
00:21:55,357 --> 00:21:57,775
You can use a taser,
that can kill people.
470
00:21:58,652 --> 00:22:00,952
- [dan] un forces need
a new kind of weapon
471
00:22:00,954 --> 00:22:04,180
They can be 100%
sure is non-lethal.
472
00:22:04,182 --> 00:22:07,325
- The un decides that
their non-lethal approach
473
00:22:07,327 --> 00:22:10,612
Is going to be a
sticky foam gun.
474
00:22:10,614 --> 00:22:14,950
It's kinda like the proton
pack from "the ghostbusters."
475
00:22:14,952 --> 00:22:16,151
(foam whooshing)
476
00:22:16,153 --> 00:22:18,103
- [dan] but what this
weapon discharges
477
00:22:18,105 --> 00:22:21,322
Is far different from
subatomic particles.
478
00:22:21,324 --> 00:22:22,924
- You have a
backpack on your back
479
00:22:22,926 --> 00:22:24,885
With a hose that goes
over your shoulder
480
00:22:24,887 --> 00:22:27,479
And you spray your
victim with a foam
481
00:22:27,481 --> 00:22:29,615
That once it hits
air, it hardens up
482
00:22:29,617 --> 00:22:31,291
And expands onto your victim.
483
00:22:31,293 --> 00:22:32,384
(foam squirting)
484
00:22:32,386 --> 00:22:34,970
- The gelatinous sludge hits
them, it overwhelms them
485
00:22:34,972 --> 00:22:38,832
To where the person, covered
in this foam, loses the ability
486
00:22:38,834 --> 00:22:40,692
To manipulate
their arms and legs
487
00:22:40,694 --> 00:22:43,178
Because they can't struggle
against it any longer.
488
00:22:43,180 --> 00:22:46,148
- [dan] in theory, it sounds
like the perfect weapon.
489
00:22:46,150 --> 00:22:48,316
In practice, not so much.
490
00:22:48,318 --> 00:22:51,578
- When the sticky foam
gun is fired at someone,
491
00:22:51,580 --> 00:22:55,173
It does take several seconds
for the chemical to harden
492
00:22:55,175 --> 00:22:56,900
Before it finally
holds someone in place.
493
00:22:56,902 --> 00:22:58,827
- So that person,
if they're dangerous
494
00:22:58,829 --> 00:23:00,312
And you hit 'em with the foam,
495
00:23:00,314 --> 00:23:02,071
They're gonna remain
dangerous for a few moments
496
00:23:02,073 --> 00:23:04,650
Before the foam
incapacitates them.
497
00:23:04,652 --> 00:23:06,844
- [dan] but the
biggest issue of all?
498
00:23:07,638 --> 00:23:09,671
- If you don't
aim exactly right,
499
00:23:09,673 --> 00:23:12,783
You can get it in
someone's mouth or nose
500
00:23:12,785 --> 00:23:14,493
And you can suffocate them.
501
00:23:14,495 --> 00:23:15,644
Eventually, the plan is scrapped
502
00:23:15,646 --> 00:23:19,481
And they shut down this program
for this sticky foam gun,
503
00:23:19,483 --> 00:23:23,943
Mostly because it does have
the potential for lethality.
504
00:23:23,945 --> 00:23:25,020
(foam whooshing)
505
00:23:25,022 --> 00:23:28,023
- [dan] what could be weirder
than a weapon spewing foam?
506
00:23:28,692 --> 00:23:31,276
How about one that
makes you spew?
507
00:23:31,278 --> 00:23:33,911
- America is trying to
figure out all sorts of ways
508
00:23:33,913 --> 00:23:37,524
To take out anyone that might
want to harm the security
509
00:23:37,526 --> 00:23:40,686
Of these united states,
foreign or domestic.
510
00:23:40,688 --> 00:23:42,671
One of these weapons is created
511
00:23:42,673 --> 00:23:44,506
By the department
of homeland security
512
00:23:44,508 --> 00:23:47,359
And it costs $1
million to produce,
513
00:23:47,361 --> 00:23:52,514
And it is known officially
as an led incapacitator.
514
00:23:53,834 --> 00:23:55,050
- It looks like a flashlight,
515
00:23:55,052 --> 00:23:58,220
But instead of having one big
light bulb, it has a series
516
00:23:58,222 --> 00:24:01,906
Of small led light bulbs that
flash at different colors
517
00:24:01,908 --> 00:24:04,610
And different intensities
in a waving pattern.
518
00:24:04,612 --> 00:24:06,394
- Let's say you have
somebody coming at you,
519
00:24:06,396 --> 00:24:10,032
An unarmed attacker, so
you can't use lethal force,
520
00:24:10,034 --> 00:24:11,616
But you wanna stop them.
521
00:24:11,618 --> 00:24:15,454
You could hit them in the face
with this led incapacitator.
522
00:24:16,456 --> 00:24:19,241
They'll stop and then
you have to worry
523
00:24:19,243 --> 00:24:22,835
About cleaning them up after
you get them in handcuffs.
524
00:24:22,837 --> 00:24:24,922
- [dan] that's because of
the led incapacitator's
525
00:24:24,924 --> 00:24:28,925
Unpleasant side effect, giving
it a rather fitting nickname.
526
00:24:28,927 --> 00:24:31,177
- The puke ray gun.
527
00:24:31,179 --> 00:24:32,346
(man vomiting)
528
00:24:32,348 --> 00:24:34,589
- If your stomach
is not up to par,
529
00:24:34,591 --> 00:24:36,775
You'll vomit on yourself.
530
00:24:36,777 --> 00:24:39,335
- With these bright
led lights that are
531
00:24:39,337 --> 00:24:42,021
Being targeted at an individual
or a group of people,
532
00:24:42,023 --> 00:24:43,606
They're also changing
colors very rapidly
533
00:24:43,608 --> 00:24:46,526
And can lead an individual
to experience a bout
534
00:24:46,528 --> 00:24:49,029
Of dizziness,
vertigo, if you will,
535
00:24:49,031 --> 00:24:52,473
Which could then lead
to someone puking.
536
00:24:52,475 --> 00:24:55,369
- [dan] in 2008, the la
county sheriff's department
537
00:24:55,371 --> 00:24:58,247
Funds testing of
the puke ray gun.
538
00:24:58,249 --> 00:25:00,098
Can it possibly work?
539
00:25:00,784 --> 00:25:03,952
- While the led incapacitator
does get the job done,
540
00:25:03,954 --> 00:25:06,438
The la county sheriff's
department also thinks about,
541
00:25:06,440 --> 00:25:09,724
Well, what happens if
the nefarious people
542
00:25:09,726 --> 00:25:11,376
Get their own puke ray gun
543
00:25:11,378 --> 00:25:14,796
And then they in
turn use it on us?
544
00:25:15,432 --> 00:25:18,149
- [dan] ultimately, the
government shelves the project,
545
00:25:18,151 --> 00:25:21,477
But it's not the last
we hear of the puke ray.
546
00:25:21,479 --> 00:25:25,457
- A few years later, a hacker
by the name of limor fried,
547
00:25:25,459 --> 00:25:27,568
Who goes by the name ladyada,
548
00:25:27,570 --> 00:25:30,295
Is able to recreate
the puke gun.
549
00:25:30,297 --> 00:25:32,639
All it takes is a
quick trip to sears
550
00:25:32,641 --> 00:25:34,983
Where she buys some
cheap led lights
551
00:25:34,985 --> 00:25:36,784
And she hooks them
up to a battery
552
00:25:36,786 --> 00:25:39,579
And a fan she ripped
out of her pc.
553
00:25:39,581 --> 00:25:40,739
- And it works.
554
00:25:40,741 --> 00:25:42,023
(lights whooshing)
555
00:25:42,025 --> 00:25:44,960
Her homemade puke ray
gun actually works
556
00:25:44,962 --> 00:25:47,546
And it only cost $250.
557
00:25:48,524 --> 00:25:51,933
And somehow, it cost the
homeland security department
558
00:25:51,935 --> 00:25:54,936
Almost a million to
build the same thing.
559
00:25:54,938 --> 00:25:56,972
(light whooshing)
560
00:26:00,043 --> 00:26:01,393
- It's 184 bce
561
00:26:01,395 --> 00:26:04,871
And hannibal is an naval
battle with king eumenes ii.
562
00:26:04,873 --> 00:26:08,107
At stake, control of
what is now turkey.
563
00:26:08,109 --> 00:26:11,035
Luckily, hannibal
has a genius plan
564
00:26:11,037 --> 00:26:14,597
That will go on to inspire
a long lineage of weapons
565
00:26:14,599 --> 00:26:18,101
Designed to launch weird
things at the enemy.
566
00:26:18,103 --> 00:26:20,412
(tense music)
567
00:26:21,956 --> 00:26:24,199
- Hannibal has one ship.
568
00:26:24,201 --> 00:26:26,609
Eumenes, 425 ships.
569
00:26:26,611 --> 00:26:28,378
425 versus one?
570
00:26:29,189 --> 00:26:31,214
Eumenes is gonna crush him.
571
00:26:31,216 --> 00:26:33,050
- Hannibal has an idea.
572
00:26:33,052 --> 00:26:38,805
He tells his men to create what
are essentially snake bombs.
573
00:26:39,908 --> 00:26:41,132
- Hannibal and his crew,
574
00:26:41,134 --> 00:26:43,401
They take these very,
very venomous snakes
575
00:26:43,403 --> 00:26:45,378
And they put these
snakes in clay pots,
576
00:26:45,380 --> 00:26:47,064
Then put these clay
pots on catapults
577
00:26:47,066 --> 00:26:51,409
And fling these clay pots into
the air at the enemy ships.
578
00:26:51,411 --> 00:26:54,579
The snakes come exploding
out of these clay pots
579
00:26:54,581 --> 00:26:55,997
And immediately
they're agitated,
580
00:26:55,999 --> 00:26:57,399
Which means they're gonna
start attacking anything
581
00:26:57,401 --> 00:27:01,653
That's near them, which happens
to be eumenes ii's sailors.
582
00:27:02,313 --> 00:27:06,090
- In a naval military conflict,
the last thing you expect
583
00:27:06,092 --> 00:27:08,960
To be launched at
you are snakes.
584
00:27:08,962 --> 00:27:11,579
(soldiers yelling)
(snakes hissing)
585
00:27:11,581 --> 00:27:14,907
- Hannibal wins the
day and ends up ruling
586
00:27:14,909 --> 00:27:18,345
That stretch of the
sea, at least for now.
587
00:27:19,198 --> 00:27:21,138
- Snakes on a boat?
588
00:27:21,140 --> 00:27:23,174
Sounds like a pretty
good movie idea.
589
00:27:23,176 --> 00:27:25,610
But hannibal's catapult
tactic has nothing
590
00:27:25,612 --> 00:27:28,021
On one devised by the mongols.
591
00:27:29,082 --> 00:27:32,049
- So it's the early
part of the 13th century
592
00:27:32,051 --> 00:27:36,588
And the golden hoard, a mighty
massive military force
593
00:27:36,590 --> 00:27:40,525
Led by genghis khan,
overtakes most of asia,
594
00:27:40,527 --> 00:27:42,193
Is on their way to europe,
595
00:27:42,195 --> 00:27:45,497
And takes over the
crimean peninsula.
596
00:27:49,044 --> 00:27:53,696
- The genoese, italian
traitors from genoa,
597
00:27:53,698 --> 00:27:56,674
They'd love to have power
598
00:27:56,676 --> 00:28:01,896
And a trading post in crimea
from the city of caffa.
599
00:28:01,898 --> 00:28:03,222
- The mongols strike a deal
600
00:28:03,224 --> 00:28:05,984
Where the genoese can stay
in the walled city of caffa
601
00:28:05,986 --> 00:28:08,686
And they can trade
from that city.
602
00:28:08,688 --> 00:28:11,214
- All goes really
well for some time
603
00:28:11,216 --> 00:28:15,527
Until we have a
new khan, jani beg.
604
00:28:17,280 --> 00:28:20,948
Jani beg khan wants caffa back.
605
00:28:20,950 --> 00:28:22,984
The genoese refuse.
606
00:28:22,986 --> 00:28:27,079
So, what are they to
do but besiege caffa
607
00:28:27,081 --> 00:28:29,491
To get rid of the
genoese traders?
608
00:28:29,493 --> 00:28:32,002
(suspenseful music)
609
00:28:32,821 --> 00:28:33,995
- [dan] two years in,
610
00:28:33,997 --> 00:28:36,431
The mongols develop
a serious problem.
611
00:28:37,342 --> 00:28:42,411
- Suddenly, men in the mongol
army are dying in droves.
612
00:28:42,413 --> 00:28:45,081
- Jani beg is seeing his
soldiers fall left and right.
613
00:28:45,083 --> 00:28:49,027
He's thinking, how are we gonna
continue a siege like this?
614
00:28:49,029 --> 00:28:51,705
- At the same time, the
genoese look over this wall
615
00:28:51,707 --> 00:28:54,607
And they're starting to see
this powerful mongol army
616
00:28:54,609 --> 00:28:59,337
Writhing in pain on the fields,
vomiting, just bleeding.
617
00:28:59,339 --> 00:29:01,989
And they think to
themselves, we've won.
618
00:29:01,991 --> 00:29:03,116
They're too sick to fight.
619
00:29:03,118 --> 00:29:04,792
There's no way that
they're gonna be able
620
00:29:04,794 --> 00:29:06,144
To take over the city from us.
621
00:29:06,146 --> 00:29:09,881
We get to keep it, the
day is ours, hurrah.
622
00:29:09,883 --> 00:29:11,449
- [dan] that's when
the golden hoard
623
00:29:11,451 --> 00:29:13,643
Of mongols' fearless
leader devises a plan
624
00:29:13,645 --> 00:29:18,189
That is both unbelievable
and, well, disgusting.
625
00:29:19,059 --> 00:29:24,012
- They filled a trebuchet
with their most foul smelling,
626
00:29:24,014 --> 00:29:27,015
Worst looking, rotting,
bloated corpses
627
00:29:27,017 --> 00:29:29,233
And launched them into
the city in the hopes
628
00:29:29,235 --> 00:29:33,396
That the smell alone will
drive the residents out.
629
00:29:35,842 --> 00:29:38,050
- They're bloated
bodies, they're corpses.
630
00:29:38,052 --> 00:29:43,398
So when they hit, they're
exploding on impact.
631
00:29:44,134 --> 00:29:48,403
Just stuff is just oozing
from all sorts of gaps
632
00:29:48,405 --> 00:29:49,830
And crevices in these bodies.
633
00:29:49,832 --> 00:29:52,907
- The genoese are
inside going, man,
634
00:29:52,909 --> 00:29:56,327
We know we have to do something
with all these dead bodies.
635
00:29:56,329 --> 00:30:00,239
So they start loading
them into wagons
636
00:30:00,241 --> 00:30:04,219
And carrying them to the
river and dumping them in.
637
00:30:05,138 --> 00:30:06,495
(water splashing)
638
00:30:06,497 --> 00:30:08,431
- Problem solved, right?
639
00:30:08,433 --> 00:30:10,599
Nope, turns out the genoese
640
00:30:10,601 --> 00:30:13,311
Are victims of a
new form of warfare.
641
00:30:14,514 --> 00:30:15,981
- As they're collecting
these bodies
642
00:30:15,983 --> 00:30:17,606
And starting to dump
them, they're noticing
643
00:30:17,608 --> 00:30:19,525
That they're also
starting to get sick,
644
00:30:19,527 --> 00:30:22,345
And they're also starting
to have the same symptoms
645
00:30:22,347 --> 00:30:24,847
That the mongols did
outside of the city.
646
00:30:24,849 --> 00:30:29,427
They are now writhing in pain
and they realize, oh my god,
647
00:30:29,429 --> 00:30:32,122
We've got the same
thing that they got.
648
00:30:33,266 --> 00:30:34,949
- [dan] what the genoese got
649
00:30:34,951 --> 00:30:38,169
Is none other than one of
the most infectious diseases.
650
00:30:39,047 --> 00:30:41,030
- The disease that jani beg
651
00:30:41,032 --> 00:30:44,066
And the mongols have
hit the genoese with
652
00:30:44,068 --> 00:30:45,451
Is the bubonic plague.
653
00:30:45,453 --> 00:30:47,879
(tense music)
654
00:30:48,539 --> 00:30:49,948
- So jani beg khan's
original idea
655
00:30:49,950 --> 00:30:51,390
Was to just stink
these people out.
656
00:30:51,392 --> 00:30:53,100
But now he's
realizing, oh my god,
657
00:30:53,102 --> 00:30:55,745
I can get them just
as sick as my men.
658
00:30:55,747 --> 00:30:57,472
So the bodies keep
coming over the wall.
659
00:30:57,474 --> 00:31:00,158
He has no shame in
throwing these men,
660
00:31:00,160 --> 00:31:01,425
Flinging them over the walls,
661
00:31:01,427 --> 00:31:03,319
Just watching them
explode on impact
662
00:31:03,321 --> 00:31:05,363
And getting these
genoese people sick.
663
00:31:07,233 --> 00:31:09,083
- [dan] the black
plague trebuchet
664
00:31:09,085 --> 00:31:10,726
Is easily the weirdest example
665
00:31:10,728 --> 00:31:13,370
Of biological weaponry
in human history
666
00:31:13,372 --> 00:31:17,042
And its impact will reach far
beyond the walls of caffa.
667
00:31:17,853 --> 00:31:20,695
- The mongols retreat
south of caffa
668
00:31:20,697 --> 00:31:23,965
And all the genoese
abandoned the city,
669
00:31:23,967 --> 00:31:26,993
Board boats towards europe.
670
00:31:26,995 --> 00:31:31,156
And what they begin
to do in their retreat
671
00:31:31,158 --> 00:31:34,267
Is spread the black
plague through europe.
672
00:31:36,204 --> 00:31:39,781
- Is jani beg kahn responsible
for infecting most of europe
673
00:31:39,783 --> 00:31:40,798
And killing 25 million people?
674
00:31:40,800 --> 00:31:42,033
And killing 25 million people?
675
00:31:42,035 --> 00:31:43,426
Hard to say.
676
00:31:43,428 --> 00:31:45,036
One thing's for certain,
677
00:31:45,038 --> 00:31:48,022
By flinging diseased
bodies over a wall,
678
00:31:48,024 --> 00:31:51,618
He devised an impressive
weapon of mass destruction.
679
00:31:54,605 --> 00:31:57,348
- Inflatable tanks,
dummy military camps,
680
00:31:57,350 --> 00:31:59,708
It's all part of a
bold operation aimed
681
00:31:59,710 --> 00:32:01,953
At defeating hitler
during world war ii.
682
00:32:02,889 --> 00:32:05,398
- During the buildup that
precedes the d-day invasion
683
00:32:05,400 --> 00:32:08,860
In June 1944,
allied forces engage
684
00:32:08,862 --> 00:32:11,513
In a significant
psychological operation,
685
00:32:11,515 --> 00:32:13,031
We create a ghost army,
686
00:32:13,033 --> 00:32:15,933
An army that does
not actually exist.
687
00:32:15,935 --> 00:32:19,020
- The us army wants to
lead the nazis to believe
688
00:32:19,022 --> 00:32:22,982
That their numbers are far
greater than they actually are.
689
00:32:22,984 --> 00:32:25,326
Make it look one
way to provide cover
690
00:32:25,328 --> 00:32:27,545
For the real troop movements
that are taking place
691
00:32:27,547 --> 00:32:29,897
In other spaces,
more critical spaces.
692
00:32:29,899 --> 00:32:33,702
- We create encampments that
are populated by no one.
693
00:32:34,754 --> 00:32:38,373
We play recordings of the
sound that would be a part
694
00:32:38,375 --> 00:32:40,424
Of a regular military camp.
695
00:32:40,426 --> 00:32:43,753
We famously create
inflatable tanks,
696
00:32:43,755 --> 00:32:44,938
Tanks that on the ground,
697
00:32:44,940 --> 00:32:46,397
If you looked at them
from 10 feet away,
698
00:32:46,399 --> 00:32:49,584
You'd realize that's an
inflatable tank, what is that?
699
00:32:49,586 --> 00:32:52,328
But to a german photo
reconnaissance aircraft
700
00:32:52,330 --> 00:32:55,956
At 25,000 feet above, looking
down and taking photos,
701
00:32:55,958 --> 00:32:57,934
It's gonna look
like a real tank.
702
00:32:57,936 --> 00:33:00,477
(tense music)
703
00:33:00,479 --> 00:33:03,672
- And so, they are a
masterful deception unit,
704
00:33:03,674 --> 00:33:05,850
Which actually does in
fact, fool the nazis
705
00:33:05,852 --> 00:33:08,519
And gets the nazis to
divert resources away
706
00:33:08,521 --> 00:33:10,588
From the real operations.
707
00:33:10,590 --> 00:33:12,749
- [dan] but the most
unconventional use
708
00:33:12,751 --> 00:33:16,894
Of ghost warfare happens much
later, during the vietnam war.
709
00:33:16,896 --> 00:33:18,538
It's perhaps the us military's
710
00:33:18,540 --> 00:33:21,249
Weirdest psychological
weapon ever.
711
00:33:22,060 --> 00:33:24,919
(tape squealing)
712
00:33:26,531 --> 00:33:30,883
- The war in vietnam in the
early 1970s is guerilla warfare
713
00:33:30,885 --> 00:33:33,878
And you can't always
fight fire with fire.
714
00:33:33,880 --> 00:33:38,707
- Bullets and bombs are not
demoralizing your enemy enough.
715
00:33:38,709 --> 00:33:39,984
You need something more.
716
00:33:39,986 --> 00:33:42,437
So you call up your
psychological warfare friends
717
00:33:42,439 --> 00:33:45,065
In that battalion and
they give you a few ideas.
718
00:33:45,067 --> 00:33:48,993
In this case,
recordings of souls.
719
00:33:49,629 --> 00:33:53,314
- [dan] could an enemy,
unfazed by superior firepower,
720
00:33:53,316 --> 00:33:57,177
Be vulnerable to something
more supernatural?
721
00:33:58,037 --> 00:33:59,754
- American military
officials believed
722
00:33:59,756 --> 00:34:02,290
That they can capitalize on
some of the superstitions
723
00:34:02,292 --> 00:34:05,251
Of the vietnamese people,
particularly around death,
724
00:34:05,253 --> 00:34:07,796
And this idea that if a
person dies in a space
725
00:34:07,798 --> 00:34:10,589
That's not their homeland,
that they'll be condemned
726
00:34:10,591 --> 00:34:12,533
To wander for all eternity.
727
00:34:12,535 --> 00:34:15,670
What if they were to come up
with a psychological operation
728
00:34:15,672 --> 00:34:17,855
That would play on those fears?
729
00:34:17,857 --> 00:34:20,916
- Well, a bunch of naval sound
engineers gather in saigon
730
00:34:20,918 --> 00:34:23,511
And they hire south
vietnamese voice actors
731
00:34:23,513 --> 00:34:26,147
And they create
these very eerie,
732
00:34:26,149 --> 00:34:30,017
Spooky sounding recordings
that will trigger these fears
733
00:34:30,019 --> 00:34:32,003
Among north vietnamese soldiers.
734
00:34:32,531 --> 00:34:34,689
- What they do, is put
these little speakers
735
00:34:34,691 --> 00:34:38,326
Throughout the jungle, up
in trees, all camouflaged,
736
00:34:38,328 --> 00:34:40,829
And run the wires back to base.
737
00:34:40,831 --> 00:34:43,647
- [dan] on the night
of February 10th, 1970,
738
00:34:43,649 --> 00:34:47,518
Just after dark, the us
forces hit the play button
739
00:34:47,520 --> 00:34:51,505
On what they call,
operation wandering soul.
740
00:34:51,507 --> 00:34:53,007
(recording in
vietnamese)
741
00:34:56,546 --> 00:34:58,621
- In the first tape,
a young girl is heard
742
00:34:58,623 --> 00:35:01,415
Calling to her father
and a man answers,
743
00:35:01,417 --> 00:35:03,768
"who is that, who's calling me?"
744
00:35:09,909 --> 00:35:13,528
- [dan] it's like "good
morning, vietnam," only haunted.
745
00:35:13,530 --> 00:35:16,214
Another recording features
the crying, screaming,
746
00:35:16,216 --> 00:35:18,032
And laughing of
women and children.
747
00:35:18,034 --> 00:35:21,068
It's designed to be
impossible to sleep through.
748
00:35:21,070 --> 00:35:25,239
The aptly named tape, "no doze."
749
00:35:25,241 --> 00:35:27,725
(crying on recording)
750
00:35:28,319 --> 00:35:31,579
- The north vietnamese soldiers
know that they're speakers
751
00:35:31,581 --> 00:35:34,673
And they start using
'em for target practice,
752
00:35:35,268 --> 00:35:37,468
Not 'cause they're scared
by them, that they feel
753
00:35:37,470 --> 00:35:40,405
That their ancestors are
calling them back home
754
00:35:40,407 --> 00:35:42,681
To not die far afield.
755
00:35:42,683 --> 00:35:45,809
They're firing at them 'cause
they're annoyed by them.
756
00:35:46,396 --> 00:35:48,671
- As the program seems to
be found not really working
757
00:35:48,673 --> 00:35:50,781
As intended, they double
down and they say,
758
00:35:50,783 --> 00:35:52,417
You know what we
really need to do?
759
00:35:52,419 --> 00:35:54,026
We need to broadcast
these sounds
760
00:35:54,028 --> 00:35:56,546
And spooky things
from helicopters.
761
00:35:56,548 --> 00:35:58,406
Helicopters that are
simultaneously dropping
762
00:35:58,408 --> 00:36:01,033
Leaflets urging
people to surrender,
763
00:36:01,035 --> 00:36:02,693
Urging people to give up.
764
00:36:02,695 --> 00:36:04,862
- [dan] screeching cries
of vietnamese women
765
00:36:04,864 --> 00:36:07,465
And children blasting
from armed choppers
766
00:36:07,467 --> 00:36:12,620
Do prove terrifying, just
not to the intended targets.
767
00:36:12,622 --> 00:36:15,440
- It doesn't really have
an effect on the vietcong.
768
00:36:15,442 --> 00:36:19,877
What it does do is scare
and really affect the locals,
769
00:36:19,879 --> 00:36:21,562
And the villagers,
and the farmers.
770
00:36:21,564 --> 00:36:25,224
They're hearing these sounds
and they're deeply disturbed.
771
00:36:25,226 --> 00:36:27,209
They're scared to
leave the house.
772
00:36:27,211 --> 00:36:29,653
It shuts down civilian life.
773
00:36:30,290 --> 00:36:32,473
- [dan] eventually,
operation wandering soul
774
00:36:32,475 --> 00:36:36,836
Becomes an invisible
footnote of the vietnam war,
775
00:36:36,838 --> 00:36:39,071
But all is not lost.
776
00:36:39,073 --> 00:36:40,514
- Cool fact, operation
wandering soul
777
00:36:40,516 --> 00:36:43,559
Inspires the famous
scene in "apocalypse now"
778
00:36:43,561 --> 00:36:45,753
Where the helicopters are
moving in on a position
779
00:36:45,755 --> 00:36:47,563
And they've got speakers
on the outside of them
780
00:36:47,565 --> 00:36:49,290
And they're broadcasting
for everyone
781
00:36:49,292 --> 00:36:50,250
To hear, the famous wagner
piece, "ride of the valkyries."
782
00:36:50,918 --> 00:36:52,760
To hear, the famous wagner
piece, "ride of the valkyries."
783
00:36:52,762 --> 00:36:54,753
So if nothing else,
operation wandering soul
784
00:36:54,755 --> 00:36:56,881
Inspired a famous
piece of filmmaking.
785
00:37:00,619 --> 00:37:01,585
- We've long known
786
00:37:01,587 --> 00:37:02,837
That artificial
intelligence is the future.
787
00:37:02,839 --> 00:37:05,073
There's ai that can write
you a shopping list,
788
00:37:05,075 --> 00:37:07,475
Park your car, or
even detect illnesses.
789
00:37:07,477 --> 00:37:11,896
But did you know that soon,
there will even be robots
790
00:37:11,898 --> 00:37:16,275
That can seek and destroy
by their own free will?
791
00:37:16,277 --> 00:37:18,528
(tense music)
792
00:37:19,522 --> 00:37:22,056
- The current state
of robotic weapons
793
00:37:22,058 --> 00:37:25,743
Has a human in the
decision loop when it comes
794
00:37:25,745 --> 00:37:29,122
To pressing the button
to kill someone.
795
00:37:30,683 --> 00:37:34,718
In the future, that human will
be removed through some sort
796
00:37:34,720 --> 00:37:37,563
Of ai enabled technology.
797
00:37:37,565 --> 00:37:39,090
(explosion booming)
798
00:37:39,092 --> 00:37:41,459
- Artificial intelligence,
machine learning,
799
00:37:41,461 --> 00:37:43,619
Computer vision,
facial recognition,
800
00:37:43,621 --> 00:37:45,696
All the new technology
that's out there
801
00:37:45,698 --> 00:37:48,065
Could be embedded
into our weaponry
802
00:37:48,067 --> 00:37:49,700
So that it could be autonomous.
803
00:37:49,702 --> 00:37:53,704
A drone no longer needs a
controller, an operator to say,
804
00:37:53,706 --> 00:37:56,316
"kill this person,
drop this bomb."
805
00:37:57,818 --> 00:37:59,585
It's gonna figure
it out on its own.
806
00:37:59,587 --> 00:38:01,512
- What we're going to
begin seeing more and more
807
00:38:01,514 --> 00:38:03,531
Are the autonomous
drone attacks.
808
00:38:04,250 --> 00:38:06,259
The drone is pre-programmed.
809
00:38:06,261 --> 00:38:08,402
So you release the drone
810
00:38:08,404 --> 00:38:10,246
And the drone flies
toward its target,
811
00:38:10,248 --> 00:38:12,707
Attacks and neutralizes
that target,
812
00:38:12,709 --> 00:38:16,369
And then makes its escape
from the scene of crime.
813
00:38:16,371 --> 00:38:17,920
- [dan] if one
killer drone capable
814
00:38:17,922 --> 00:38:21,649
Of independent thought doesn't
scare you, how about a swarm
815
00:38:21,651 --> 00:38:25,553
That can coordinate
without humans?
816
00:38:25,555 --> 00:38:28,573
- So in the same way
that a school of fish
817
00:38:28,575 --> 00:38:31,659
Or a flock of birds can
move around in space
818
00:38:31,661 --> 00:38:32,676
And coordinate with each other
819
00:38:32,678 --> 00:38:34,645
Without a lot of
explicit communication,
820
00:38:34,647 --> 00:38:37,773
A decentralized drone swarm
can move around in space
821
00:38:37,775 --> 00:38:40,109
And coordinate its behavior
with its neighbors.
822
00:38:40,111 --> 00:38:44,405
- That ability to share
information at electronic speed
823
00:38:44,407 --> 00:38:48,375
Is what makes them so
ridiculously powerful.
824
00:38:48,377 --> 00:38:49,910
- [dan] strange as it may seem,
825
00:38:49,912 --> 00:38:54,189
There's already a race underway
to build drones capable of this.
826
00:38:54,191 --> 00:38:56,200
- The united states,
china, russia,
827
00:38:56,202 --> 00:38:59,637
They're all developing
different incarnations
828
00:38:59,639 --> 00:39:01,422
Of drone swarms.
829
00:39:02,442 --> 00:39:04,066
So the pentagon
has conducted tests
830
00:39:04,068 --> 00:39:05,960
Where they dropped
hundreds of micro drones
831
00:39:05,962 --> 00:39:09,146
Out of a fighter jet,
equipped with explosives
832
00:39:09,148 --> 00:39:10,765
To carry out kamikaze attacks.
833
00:39:10,767 --> 00:39:14,068
In real life, the
military is testing this.
834
00:39:14,070 --> 00:39:16,019
- [dan] even more frightening,
835
00:39:16,021 --> 00:39:19,557
These drones can be programmed
to have a mind of their own.
836
00:39:19,559 --> 00:39:22,526
- Scientists in china have
developed a swarm of drones
837
00:39:22,528 --> 00:39:25,571
That can very quickly navigate
through a bamboo forest.
838
00:39:26,966 --> 00:39:28,832
- The ability of the
drones to communicate
839
00:39:28,834 --> 00:39:32,411
With each other allows them
to track a human target
840
00:39:32,413 --> 00:39:33,804
That's walking in
the bamboo forest.
841
00:39:33,806 --> 00:39:36,565
Even if the view of an
individual drone is blocked,
842
00:39:36,567 --> 00:39:39,660
It is aware of the view of the
other drones at the same time.
843
00:39:39,662 --> 00:39:42,179
So it is impossible
for that human
844
00:39:42,181 --> 00:39:45,425
To escape the view of a swarm.
845
00:39:46,218 --> 00:39:48,185
- Now, imagine we
take the same drones
846
00:39:48,187 --> 00:39:49,353
And we're looking for someone.
847
00:39:49,355 --> 00:39:51,405
So we give the data of
what someone looks like.
848
00:39:51,407 --> 00:39:52,515
Through facial recognition,
849
00:39:52,517 --> 00:39:54,041
They could then search
for this person,
850
00:39:54,043 --> 00:39:57,562
And if we arm them, we can
make them search and destroy.
851
00:39:57,564 --> 00:40:00,589
- So you could have a
drone swarm of 5, 10, 50,
852
00:40:00,591 --> 00:40:02,090
100 drones, maybe 1,000,
853
00:40:02,092 --> 00:40:05,786
And the drones will develop
a strategy for attacking
854
00:40:05,788 --> 00:40:09,373
And they can improvise
within that overall strategy.
855
00:40:09,375 --> 00:40:12,660
All of this not being
guided by human hands,
856
00:40:12,662 --> 00:40:15,121
But by artificial intelligence.
857
00:40:15,948 --> 00:40:17,865
- I don't know about
you, but this sounds
858
00:40:17,867 --> 00:40:19,867
A lot like "the
terminator" to me,
859
00:40:19,869 --> 00:40:24,172
Or the kind of science fiction
you hope never becomes fact.
860
00:40:25,675 --> 00:40:27,216
- It's not that hard to imagine
861
00:40:27,218 --> 00:40:30,060
Having your own private
drone swarm army.
862
00:40:30,062 --> 00:40:31,970
If you've just had the
technological means,
863
00:40:31,972 --> 00:40:35,032
You can use this
powerful technology
864
00:40:35,034 --> 00:40:36,884
To do whatever you want.
865
00:40:36,886 --> 00:40:38,402
- [dan] it leaves us wondering,
866
00:40:38,404 --> 00:40:41,747
Is it possible to create
something so powerful,
867
00:40:41,749 --> 00:40:46,560
So autonomous that we
are no longer in control?
868
00:40:46,562 --> 00:40:49,496
- There will be a point
where a drone swarm
869
00:40:49,498 --> 00:40:51,232
That has artificial intelligence
870
00:40:51,234 --> 00:40:53,134
Will become smarter than we are.
871
00:40:53,136 --> 00:40:55,703
- We've armed these robots,
we've taught them to think,
872
00:40:55,705 --> 00:40:57,145
We've taught them
to work together.
873
00:40:57,147 --> 00:41:00,482
What happens if they turn around
and bite the hand that feeds it?
874
00:41:00,484 --> 00:41:03,594
- We might be releasing
this artificial intelligence
875
00:41:03,596 --> 00:41:06,430
That will eventually turn
on us, not as a result
876
00:41:06,432 --> 00:41:09,257
Of some science fiction
script or screenplay.
877
00:41:09,259 --> 00:41:11,518
It will kill whoever
encounters it
878
00:41:11,520 --> 00:41:16,840
And we might be releasing, on
ourselves, our own undoing.
879
00:41:16,842 --> 00:41:19,352
(suspenseful music)
880
00:41:24,192 --> 00:41:26,583
- We've seen weapons
that can stop the enemy
881
00:41:26,585 --> 00:41:30,404
Through absolute destruction,
freeze them in place,
882
00:41:30,406 --> 00:41:34,892
Disable them with fear,
even defect to a new home.
883
00:41:34,894 --> 00:41:37,861
If history repeats itself,
as we know it often does,
884
00:41:37,863 --> 00:41:41,306
Weapons of the future
will be more than weird,
885
00:41:41,308 --> 00:41:42,875
They'll be unbelievable.
886
00:41:42,955 --> 00:41:44,955
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887
00:41:45,005 --> 00:41:49,555
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