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These people are hunting
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for one of the most endangered
animals on the planet.
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The black rhino -
an animal poached for its horn.
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But they aren't going to harm her.
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Dumi Zwane and his team
are on a rescue mission.
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I don't think I'll ever
stop fighting for rhino.
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It's just not possible.
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OK! Yeah...
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They're setting up a new breeding
colony in a safe haven.
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Get her on two.
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Two. OK. That's good.
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This female is going to be
at the very centre of it.
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She weighs over a tonne...
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Go!
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..and there's only one way
to get her out.
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That's it.
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There we are. Perfect!
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When I watch it fly off,
it's very emotional.
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It's a beautiful feeling.
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She is sedated and safe...
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...and in less than half an hour,
she'll be back on the ground
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and starting a new life in a project
that could save her entire species,
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thanks to Dumi and
his remarkable team.
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We started making the very first
Planet Earth series
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just over 20 years ago.
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Since then, our camera teams
have filmed all over the world
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and visited some of its wildest
and most remote corners.
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But the truth is that most
of the animals we filmed
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over these last two decades
are now rarer than they were.
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And the places where they live
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are in greater danger
of destruction.
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But I've seen another change
in those years,
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a hopeful change.
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A new generation of remarkable
people are stepping up
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to save wildlife.
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They're overcoming huge obstacles,
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travelling to dangerous places,
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and sometimes even risking
their lives.
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To me, they are true heroes.
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This is the story of some of them.
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Hidden in the heart of the Andes
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is the Centro Jambatu
research centre.
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It's protecting members of
what is, perhaps surprisingly,
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the most endangered group of animals
in the world.
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Frogs.
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These individuals are the very last
of their particular species.
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They're brought here not only
for protection,
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but, more importantly,
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to increase their numbers.
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And the person to find them...
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..Jaime Culebras.
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I was seven the first time
that I saw a frog
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and just changed my life.
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And ever since his childhood,
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he's been exploring the
remotest places
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and searching for the rarest frogs.
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This is a leaf frog.
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He is just amazing.
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It's impossible to don't fall in
love with an animal like this, no?
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But there is one frog here
that is very special.
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His name, Sad Santiago.
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This is Sad Santiago.
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He's sad because he's alone.
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He's one of the last members
of his species.
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And he needs a female.
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Known as the Morona-Santiago
harlequin frog,
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he may be the rarest frog
in the world.
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While the other frogs here
are doing their best
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to increase their populations,
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Santiago has sat alone
for four long years.
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Maybe it's not the most beautiful
frog, but he deserves love.
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Santiago has now grown old,
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and if Jaime can't find a female
for him soon,
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the whole species could
become extinct.
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The last place where one
of these frogs was seen...
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..was high up on a mountain
in the cloud forest of Ecuador.
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There's only one way to get there.
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Joining him is fellow
frog-hunter Darwin
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and Jaime's partner and
frog scientist, Francesca.
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Oh!
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Come on, vamanos.
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Arriba.
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This is one of
the wettest places on Earth,
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and right now it's actually the
wet season, the rainy season,
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so it rains even more.
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Soaking wet and teeming with bugs...
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..it's a perfect place for frogs.
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Let's go.
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Most frogs come out of hiding
at night.
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This place is extremely wonderful.
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But you have to be careful where
you put your hands.
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Being with him is...
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..it's unusual.
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It's not your regular relationship.
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Oh, he's obsessed.
He's really obsessed.
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Streams like this should be
full of frogs
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of many different species...
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..but they search all night
and find nothing.
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It's a silent forest.
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It's sad.
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The sound of frogs is slowly
disappearing from our world.
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The only place many frog species
can now be found
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is in a museum.
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A key reason is the spread of
a fungus called chytrid...
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..that can grow on the
moist skins of frogs,
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eventually killing them.
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90 species are thought to have
become extinct as a consequence,
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and almost 600 more are now
critically endangered.
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Before chytrid, I'm pretty sure
that you could walk
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through the stream and
see everywhere
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many, many, many frogs on the rocks,
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calling "prrr-prrr"!
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I wish I had been born before
the frog disease.
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Night after night...
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..they search the stream.
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Jaime!
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At last, there is a discovery.
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The sound is a...
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I don't know exactly where,
but it's there, more or less.
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En el agua!
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We have it.
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A glass frog.
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A really beautiful glass frog.
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Glass frogs are becoming
increasingly rare,
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and one day they, too,
could disappear.
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But it's not what they are
looking for.
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The fact is that countless species
go extinct...
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..unnoticed.
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All Jaime can do is to
continue his search
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for a mate for Santiago.
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It's there?
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I found a female!
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Agh!
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Woohoo!
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It's a female! Look.
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The size is bigger than the males.
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Wow.
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I feel so happy!
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The first female!
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She could be the cornerstone of
a new breeding programme.
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Santiago will be very, very,
very, very, very happy.
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Because she's really beautiful!
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In my hand, I have hope.
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I have the saviour of this species,
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for breeding programmes and
for people to reproduce it.
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I don't know, it's like
I just have hope in my hand.
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There are over 7,000 species
of frogs in the world,
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and you may well ask...
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..does it really matter if a few
go extinct?
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Well, just look at this tiny species
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of poison arrow frog.
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Scientists discovered a chemical
on its skin...
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..200 times stronger than morphine.
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00:13:01,160 --> 00:13:06,680
Now they are studying how it works
to create powerful new painkillers.
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But the natural world is not just
one vast medicine chest.
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It's far more than that.
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It is our life support system,
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the fabric that holds
our world together.
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Remove a part of it,
a species or a habitat,
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and there's no knowing
what could happen.
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A prime example is the
forest elephant.
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They play a crucial role
in maintaining
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the rainforests of Africa...
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..dispersing seeds and
making clearings
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that are then used by many
other animals.
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We filmed these images in 2004
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for the first Planet Earth series.
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Nine years later, poachers came here
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and killed 26 elephants
for their ivory...
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..including four of the calves.
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Since that first series,
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the number of forest elephants
across Africa
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has dropped by two-thirds.
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But stopping the slaughter
is a risky business.
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Abidjan, in Cote d'Ivoire,
West Africa...
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..part of the global network
in the illegal ivory trade.
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A stranger has flown in
from Vietnam,
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a hub for the import of ivory.
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Her name - Trang Nguyen.
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Her speciality - infiltrating
the illegal wildlife trade
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by posing as a buyer.
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Trang is working with a network of
conservationists called EAGLE.
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Her contact here is Rens Ilgen.
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00:16:29,680 --> 00:16:33,079
But what is particular with this
new trade in West Africa is,
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as you can see, a lot of the tusks
are from baby elephants.
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So, they're really down to
the last elephants.
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Last week, seven people were killed.
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Seven ranger was killed?
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So, clearly, it is not just about
the ivory trade,
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but a lot of people, rangers,
that are being killed as well.
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It's...it's war.
It's war.
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And they're even going for
the baby elephants. Yeah.
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Now Trang is set her task.
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So, I want you to meet the godfather
of ivory.
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We already arrested him
four years ago
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when he had 400kg of ivory,
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which he was supplying to
the Vietnamese community
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linked to the Vietnamese mafia.
199
00:17:13,480 --> 00:17:18,199
As he has been arrested before,
he might be very cautious.
200
00:17:18,200 --> 00:17:19,960
It might be dangerous.
201
00:17:22,400 --> 00:17:25,319
She prepares her disguise
as a businesswoman -
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but under her jacket,
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00:17:27,800 --> 00:17:29,680
hidden recording equipment.
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00:17:31,040 --> 00:17:33,639
EAGLE's undercover agents
have been following
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the godfather for years.
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00:17:38,240 --> 00:17:40,880
Now is the moment to catch him.
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00:17:49,800 --> 00:17:51,679
This is your first meeting.
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00:17:51,680 --> 00:17:53,999
You're just going to discuss
and get to know each other.
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See if they have the products.
Exactly.
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I'm going in,
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00:17:58,560 --> 00:18:02,159
and I need to sit facing away
from the door,
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00:18:02,160 --> 00:18:04,760
because I don't want people
to see me with him.
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00:18:06,920 --> 00:18:08,719
We will be close by... Yep.
214
00:18:08,720 --> 00:18:10,680
..and nothing will go wrong.
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OK.
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Good luck.
217
00:18:16,040 --> 00:18:17,360
Bye.
218
00:18:24,880 --> 00:18:28,560
She meets the godfather
at a local cafe.
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The secret cameras capture
the story.
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00:18:47,920 --> 00:18:49,560
Mm-hm.
221
00:19:09,560 --> 00:19:14,040
But the godfather denies
having any ivory for sale.
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00:19:28,560 --> 00:19:30,679
Merci.
223
00:19:30,680 --> 00:19:32,079
Yeah, yeah, yeah.
224
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Merci.
225
00:19:33,480 --> 00:19:35,320
Perhaps there's no ivory.
226
00:19:37,640 --> 00:19:40,240
Or maybe he doesn't trust Trang.
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00:19:42,000 --> 00:19:44,600
It's a serious setback.
228
00:19:50,320 --> 00:19:53,159
But there are other traders
out there.
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00:19:53,160 --> 00:19:57,200
Perhaps her presence in town
will draw them in.
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00:20:00,200 --> 00:20:03,079
Every day that passes,
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more elephants are killed.
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For Trang,
this work is very personal.
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00:20:23,360 --> 00:20:26,680
When I was 23, I got the phone call.
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00:20:27,720 --> 00:20:31,960
The doctor told me
that I had bowel cancer.
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00:20:34,480 --> 00:20:36,599
The first thing pop up in my mind
is that I'm so young,
236
00:20:36,600 --> 00:20:38,200
well, how can I get cancer?
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00:20:40,000 --> 00:20:42,279
Once you have cancer,
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00:20:42,280 --> 00:20:44,919
you don't know how long
you're going to live for,
239
00:20:44,920 --> 00:20:48,240
and if I want to do anything,
then I should just do it now.
240
00:20:49,440 --> 00:20:52,159
And that's when I said, "OK,
I'm just going to do undercover,"
241
00:20:52,160 --> 00:20:54,319
because I don't know when
I'm going to die.
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00:20:54,320 --> 00:20:57,000
I might as well do something
really meaningful.
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00:21:04,240 --> 00:21:07,880
Currently, Trang is in remission.
244
00:21:14,840 --> 00:21:18,000
Three days later,
there's a breakthrough.
245
00:21:21,440 --> 00:21:25,400
A video sent by a trader.
246
00:21:27,480 --> 00:21:31,479
I can see that this video
have about 14, 15 ivory.
247
00:21:31,480 --> 00:21:33,879
They are big tusks, they are
also small tusks as well.
248
00:21:33,880 --> 00:21:36,239
It's obviously come from
baby elephants.
249
00:21:36,240 --> 00:21:37,919
The bait has been taken.
250
00:21:37,920 --> 00:21:40,680
Trang and the EAGLE team
must act fast.
251
00:21:47,960 --> 00:21:51,240
She goes to meet the new targets.
252
00:21:54,680 --> 00:21:56,079
First job...
253
00:21:56,080 --> 00:21:57,159
Bonsoir.
254
00:21:57,160 --> 00:21:58,920
..gain their trust.
255
00:22:08,400 --> 00:22:09,839
Cheers.
256
00:22:09,840 --> 00:22:10,920
Cheers. Cheers.
257
00:22:19,880 --> 00:22:21,359
OK.
258
00:22:21,360 --> 00:22:25,439
Eventually, Trang persuades
the traders to move to
259
00:22:25,440 --> 00:22:28,759
a hotel room nearby...
260
00:22:28,760 --> 00:22:32,440
..to weigh the ivory and
make the transaction.
261
00:22:43,680 --> 00:22:45,800
Close the door.
Close the door.
262
00:23:00,920 --> 00:23:03,959
Ivory is sold by the kilo.
263
00:23:03,960 --> 00:23:05,919
That is just over 20.
264
00:23:05,920 --> 00:23:07,279
20.2?
265
00:23:07,280 --> 00:23:08,759
20.3.
266
00:23:08,760 --> 00:23:12,120
A whole elephant family was killed
for this haul.
267
00:23:15,200 --> 00:23:17,999
It's worth over £5,000.
268
00:23:18,000 --> 00:23:21,080
Here, that is a year's salary.
269
00:23:24,600 --> 00:23:27,759
What the traders don't realise...
270
00:23:27,760 --> 00:23:30,959
..is that the police are
in the room above,
271
00:23:30,960 --> 00:23:33,800
waiting for a text from Trang.
272
00:23:44,120 --> 00:23:46,440
OK, let's go.
273
00:24:01,200 --> 00:24:02,680
Who's there?
274
00:24:03,800 --> 00:24:05,160
Service?
275
00:24:13,000 --> 00:24:14,679
You go open the door.
276
00:24:14,680 --> 00:24:16,119
OK.
277
00:24:16,120 --> 00:24:17,800
Just put it down here.
278
00:24:20,960 --> 00:24:22,199
Police! Police!
279
00:24:23,920 --> 00:24:25,839
Don't move, don't move, don't move!
280
00:24:42,560 --> 00:24:44,399
For her own safety,
281
00:24:44,400 --> 00:24:48,119
she has to keep her cover story
and behave as a criminal...
282
00:24:52,120 --> 00:24:56,039
..which means she must also
be arrested.
283
00:25:06,040 --> 00:25:09,639
A link in the global supply chain...
284
00:25:09,640 --> 00:25:10,960
..broken.
285
00:25:20,120 --> 00:25:22,439
Trang is whisked away,
286
00:25:22,440 --> 00:25:25,879
whilst the traders are taken
to the police station,
287
00:25:25,880 --> 00:25:29,120
none the wiser about
her involvement.
288
00:25:35,680 --> 00:25:41,119
Over the next year,
EAGLE catch 140 more traffickers
289
00:25:41,120 --> 00:25:44,960
in the fight against the global
wildlife trade.
290
00:25:47,520 --> 00:25:50,960
But for Trang,
this is her last operation.
291
00:25:52,280 --> 00:25:55,880
It's why we can show her face.
292
00:26:04,720 --> 00:26:09,360
It's not safe for her to stay
a minute longer than necessary.
293
00:26:14,640 --> 00:26:20,319
Trang's final task is to vanish
from Abidjan...
294
00:26:20,320 --> 00:26:22,280
..for ever.
295
00:26:29,080 --> 00:26:35,479
Across the world, the numbers of
wild animals are falling alarmingly.
296
00:26:35,480 --> 00:26:37,799
In just two decades -
297
00:26:37,800 --> 00:26:40,959
since we started making the
first Planet Earth series -
298
00:26:40,960 --> 00:26:44,639
the abundance of wildlife
around the globe has dropped,
299
00:26:44,640 --> 00:26:47,800
on average, by over 30%.
300
00:26:49,080 --> 00:26:52,440
We're facing a disaster,
a catastrophe.
301
00:26:53,600 --> 00:26:58,160
Scientists say that we're on
the edge of a mass extinction.
302
00:26:59,800 --> 00:27:03,479
It's being caused by human activity.
303
00:27:03,480 --> 00:27:07,400
So humans also have the power
to stop it.
304
00:27:10,640 --> 00:27:14,600
It takes many qualities to save
even one species.
305
00:27:16,880 --> 00:27:18,480
Determination...
306
00:27:21,160 --> 00:27:22,920
..courage...
307
00:27:24,480 --> 00:27:26,360
..and passion.
308
00:27:28,480 --> 00:27:32,200
And often, there's another
ingredient that's needed...
309
00:27:33,920 --> 00:27:36,960
..the ability to think big.
310
00:27:40,680 --> 00:27:46,399
In Vienna, Katharina Huchler is just
starting a new job.
311
00:27:46,400 --> 00:27:48,360
The pay is terrible.
312
00:27:49,560 --> 00:27:51,480
The hours are long.
313
00:27:53,640 --> 00:27:55,920
And there are no days off.
314
00:27:57,480 --> 00:28:01,519
She is about to become
a foster mother.
315
00:28:01,520 --> 00:28:02,799
Hi.
316
00:28:02,800 --> 00:28:04,359
Hi.
317
00:28:04,360 --> 00:28:05,559
Good morning.
318
00:28:05,560 --> 00:28:06,639
Hi. Hi.
319
00:28:06,640 --> 00:28:08,959
And these are her new babies...
320
00:28:08,960 --> 00:28:10,199
Oh.
321
00:28:10,200 --> 00:28:13,079
You're pretty awake. Hi.
322
00:28:13,080 --> 00:28:16,559
..28 of one of the world's
rarest birds.
323
00:28:16,560 --> 00:28:18,119
Hey. Hi.
324
00:28:18,120 --> 00:28:21,039
The northern bald ibis.
325
00:28:21,040 --> 00:28:23,519
You really quickly fall
in love with them.
326
00:28:25,000 --> 00:28:29,320
They were hunted to extinction
in Europe over 400 years ago.
327
00:28:31,320 --> 00:28:34,679
These chicks were born in a zoo.
328
00:28:34,680 --> 00:28:37,439
Katharina's task is to teach them
329
00:28:37,440 --> 00:28:40,399
to become wild, free birds.
330
00:28:40,400 --> 00:28:43,479
Yes, yes, yes. Komm. Komm.
331
00:28:43,480 --> 00:28:48,239
To do that, she must convince them
that she is their mother.
332
00:28:48,240 --> 00:28:51,119
It's a process called imprinting.
333
00:28:51,120 --> 00:28:54,959
While it's happening,
the chicks must never see or hear
334
00:28:54,960 --> 00:28:58,519
any other human except Helena,
335
00:28:58,520 --> 00:29:01,999
who's an ibis foster mum
for the second time.
336
00:29:02,000 --> 00:29:05,919
They must always wear identical
yellow clothes
337
00:29:05,920 --> 00:29:10,200
and repeat the same noises
again and again.
338
00:29:11,400 --> 00:29:14,079
We mimic the sounds the adults make,
it's like...
339
00:29:16,160 --> 00:29:17,879
Kkrukk!
340
00:29:17,880 --> 00:29:19,559
Kkrukk! Kklup.
341
00:29:19,560 --> 00:29:20,959
Kklup. Kklup.
342
00:29:20,960 --> 00:29:22,279
Kklup.
343
00:29:22,280 --> 00:29:23,759
But I'm not good yet at doing it!
344
00:29:25,000 --> 00:29:26,559
Goodnight.
345
00:29:26,560 --> 00:29:28,719
They're here when the chicks
fall asleep...
346
00:29:28,720 --> 00:29:30,160
Sleep well.
347
00:29:31,920 --> 00:29:34,999
..and the first thing they see
when they awake.
348
00:29:35,000 --> 00:29:37,159
Good morning, waldies! Hallo!
349
00:29:37,160 --> 00:29:40,119
Let's have something to eat,
shall we? Yes, let's eat.
350
00:29:40,120 --> 00:29:43,679
They're a bit like every human baby.
351
00:29:43,680 --> 00:29:46,399
They just need their food
bit by bit by bit
352
00:29:46,400 --> 00:29:47,759
all day long.
353
00:29:47,760 --> 00:29:49,679
Yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes.
354
00:29:49,680 --> 00:29:52,559
Oh, no, we did it all wrong!
355
00:29:52,560 --> 00:29:54,279
Oh! Aw!
356
00:29:54,280 --> 00:29:56,839
It's really like changing the
nappies of the babies.
357
00:29:56,840 --> 00:30:00,559
28 mouths to feed
and bottoms to wipe,
358
00:30:00,560 --> 00:30:03,599
and all the time talking
to the birds.
359
00:30:03,600 --> 00:30:05,959
Komm, komm, waldies! Komm, komm!
360
00:30:05,960 --> 00:30:07,599
Feeling really tired.
361
00:30:07,600 --> 00:30:10,280
Yeah, I'd really like to sleep
a little bit more.
362
00:30:11,920 --> 00:30:15,639
As the weeks pass, the bond grows.
363
00:30:15,640 --> 00:30:18,559
And then it is time for
their next stage
364
00:30:18,560 --> 00:30:20,760
in becoming wild birds.
365
00:30:25,000 --> 00:30:28,520
They move to a field in
the Austrian Alps.
366
00:30:33,840 --> 00:30:37,200
They've now grown their adult
flight feathers...
367
00:30:38,680 --> 00:30:41,400
...but they're still chicks
on the inside.
368
00:30:42,720 --> 00:30:45,599
So the imprinting must continue.
369
00:30:45,600 --> 00:30:48,079
With this hand gesture we do,
370
00:30:48,080 --> 00:30:51,119
we imitate the bill of an adult ibis
371
00:30:51,120 --> 00:30:53,079
and we combine it with
the greeting sound.
372
00:30:53,080 --> 00:30:54,319
So, this is...
373
00:30:54,320 --> 00:30:56,279
Kklup! Kklup!
374
00:30:56,280 --> 00:31:01,360
All this imprinting is for
a very important reason.
375
00:31:03,720 --> 00:31:06,439
These are migratory birds.
376
00:31:06,440 --> 00:31:09,079
In autumn, they must fly south
377
00:31:09,080 --> 00:31:12,200
to their warm feeding grounds
in Italy.
378
00:31:13,320 --> 00:31:16,079
And that is a problem.
379
00:31:16,080 --> 00:31:19,559
They know that they need
to go somewhere,
380
00:31:19,560 --> 00:31:23,079
but they don't know in which
direction and how far.
381
00:31:23,080 --> 00:31:26,440
So they need to learn the route
from their parents.
382
00:31:27,800 --> 00:31:30,560
Their human mothers must show them
the way.
383
00:31:32,320 --> 00:31:35,479
And that requires a little
ingenuity.
384
00:31:44,720 --> 00:31:48,160
This is where the imprinting
is put to the test.
385
00:31:58,160 --> 00:32:00,400
Will the birds follow them...
386
00:32:01,880 --> 00:32:03,839
..even in a microlight?
387
00:32:03,840 --> 00:32:05,639
Komm, komm!
388
00:32:05,640 --> 00:32:07,599
Komm, komm, waldies!
389
00:32:07,600 --> 00:32:09,320
Komm, komm!
390
00:32:23,000 --> 00:32:26,800
Getting too close is dangerous
for both birds and humans.
391
00:32:36,800 --> 00:32:38,480
Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh!
392
00:32:55,040 --> 00:32:57,320
After a wobbly start...
393
00:32:58,720 --> 00:33:00,840
..at last they settle.
394
00:33:06,520 --> 00:33:09,240
The imprinting has worked.
395
00:33:20,520 --> 00:33:23,000
Our birds did very well today.
396
00:33:30,160 --> 00:33:33,480
But their biggest challenge
is still to come.
397
00:33:37,960 --> 00:33:41,040
The Zillertal Alps.
398
00:33:46,120 --> 00:33:49,160
A great wall of rock and ice.
399
00:33:58,160 --> 00:34:00,599
It's going to be the most
important flight
400
00:34:00,600 --> 00:34:02,520
of their young lives.
401
00:34:03,640 --> 00:34:07,839
It will take them to the very edge
of exhaustion.
402
00:34:07,840 --> 00:34:11,479
A lot of young birds die during
their first migration.
403
00:34:11,480 --> 00:34:13,440
They are still so inexperienced.
404
00:34:15,440 --> 00:34:18,640
There's also danger for the
foster mothers and the pilots.
405
00:34:22,000 --> 00:34:24,279
If there is a problem with
the microlights,
406
00:34:24,280 --> 00:34:26,600
there is no safe place to land.
407
00:34:29,600 --> 00:34:33,160
To gain enough height to fly
over these mountains...
408
00:34:35,520 --> 00:34:39,680
..they must find columns of
rising air called thermals.
409
00:34:43,520 --> 00:34:46,719
A skill these birds would
normally learn
410
00:34:46,720 --> 00:34:49,240
by following their natural mothers.
411
00:35:05,840 --> 00:35:09,640
It takes expert piloting
to find the thermals.
412
00:35:18,160 --> 00:35:20,519
Once within one,
413
00:35:20,520 --> 00:35:23,480
it's turbulent and unpredictable.
414
00:35:42,880 --> 00:35:46,279
With every turn,
the mothers must make sure
415
00:35:46,280 --> 00:35:49,120
all 28 birds are following.
416
00:36:13,480 --> 00:36:15,240
All 28 birds here.
417
00:36:17,800 --> 00:36:19,840
Phew.
418
00:36:31,600 --> 00:36:36,320
At last, they make it over
the highest ridge.
419
00:36:50,440 --> 00:36:54,960
From now on,
it should be easy flying.
420
00:37:15,880 --> 00:37:19,079
What we are trying to do,
apart from saving the ibis,
421
00:37:19,080 --> 00:37:21,720
is trying to give hope to people.
422
00:37:24,120 --> 00:37:27,199
If you can bring back one species,
423
00:37:27,200 --> 00:37:29,320
you can also do it with others.
424
00:37:42,200 --> 00:37:46,960
A species once left for dead
now has a future.
425
00:37:51,560 --> 00:37:54,159
And they head for their
safe winter home
426
00:37:54,160 --> 00:37:56,880
in a protected nature reserve.
427
00:38:19,720 --> 00:38:23,759
But as we have seen
throughout this series,
428
00:38:23,760 --> 00:38:29,160
many species are losing the wild
habitats they need to survive.
429
00:38:32,800 --> 00:38:35,880
It's the biggest cause
of extinction.
430
00:38:43,360 --> 00:38:48,920
Nowhere is this more apparent than
in the Amazon rainforest.
431
00:38:52,360 --> 00:38:56,119
Our Planet Earth crews have filmed
here many times
432
00:38:56,120 --> 00:38:58,720
over the last two decades.
433
00:39:06,920 --> 00:39:12,640
And in that time,
over 16,000 million trees...
434
00:39:14,680 --> 00:39:16,720
..have been felled.
435
00:39:22,440 --> 00:39:26,839
To safeguard the countless species
that live here...
436
00:39:26,840 --> 00:39:29,480
..the forest itself must be
protected..
437
00:39:31,880 --> 00:39:36,480
And there's a force rising up
to do just that.
438
00:40:02,480 --> 00:40:07,240
Alessandra Korap is one of
the leaders of the Munduruku.
439
00:40:09,000 --> 00:40:12,479
They have been the guardians
of this part of the Amazon
440
00:40:12,480 --> 00:40:15,040
for thousands of years.
441
00:40:52,440 --> 00:40:57,319
When she was a child,
this part of the Amazon forest
442
00:40:57,320 --> 00:41:01,120
stretched unbroken
for hundreds of miles.
443
00:41:07,840 --> 00:41:10,360
Now it's being carved up...
444
00:41:11,560 --> 00:41:14,639
..for mining, for timber,
445
00:41:14,640 --> 00:41:17,640
but most of all for agriculture.
446
00:41:20,960 --> 00:41:25,399
This is the front line in
the battle for the Amazon,
447
00:41:25,400 --> 00:41:27,760
and it is a deadly one.
448
00:41:32,960 --> 00:41:36,479
In the last decade, more than
300 people have been murdered
449
00:41:36,480 --> 00:41:39,720
in Brazil defending the environment.
450
00:42:07,360 --> 00:42:10,879
The Munduruku,
like many indigenous groups,
451
00:42:10,880 --> 00:42:13,479
live in isolated communities
452
00:42:13,480 --> 00:42:18,040
vulnerable to attack from miners,
farmers and loggers.
453
00:42:44,920 --> 00:42:49,640
The Amazon's future is decided
2,000 miles away.
454
00:42:52,720 --> 00:42:55,519
Here, in the parliament of Brazil,
455
00:42:55,520 --> 00:42:59,359
new laws are being debated to allow
the exploitation
456
00:42:59,360 --> 00:43:01,800
of their traditional tribal land.
457
00:43:06,680 --> 00:43:10,279
But Alessandra has a plan -
458
00:43:10,280 --> 00:43:13,119
to unite with other tribes
459
00:43:13,120 --> 00:43:15,959
and organise a protest so big
460
00:43:15,960 --> 00:43:18,560
that it cannot be ignored.
461
00:44:07,600 --> 00:44:10,919
It's a three-day journey
to the capital city.
462
00:44:14,440 --> 00:44:17,600
Trucks rumble to and from
the fields...
463
00:44:19,480 --> 00:44:23,080
..land that used to be rainforest.
464
00:44:24,320 --> 00:44:28,520
They're carrying thousands of tonnes
of soya beans.
465
00:44:31,000 --> 00:44:35,160
It's shipped from the heart of
the Amazon across the world.
466
00:44:37,040 --> 00:44:39,719
Not to feed humans...
467
00:44:39,720 --> 00:44:41,800
..but to feed livestock.
468
00:45:05,480 --> 00:45:09,560
Eventually, Alessandra makes it
to Brasilia.
469
00:45:11,040 --> 00:45:14,760
News of the protest has spread
all over the country.
470
00:45:18,480 --> 00:45:22,119
200 groups have united
in a huge camp.
471
00:45:25,880 --> 00:45:29,160
From the northeast of Brazil -
the Xukuru.
472
00:45:30,880 --> 00:45:34,280
From the southern edge of
the Amazon - the Karaja.
473
00:45:45,640 --> 00:45:50,280
For ten days, they protest against
the proposed laws.
474
00:46:08,560 --> 00:46:12,159
Alessandra and the other
leaders have created
475
00:46:12,160 --> 00:46:17,000
the biggest protest by indigenous
people ever held in Brazil.
476
00:46:26,400 --> 00:46:31,440
Later, one of the proposed laws
was withdrawn.
477
00:46:37,200 --> 00:46:39,959
A small but significant victory
478
00:46:39,960 --> 00:46:43,680
in Alessandra's fight for
Brazil's wild places.
479
00:46:52,040 --> 00:46:56,359
The destruction of habitats is
currently the biggest threat
480
00:46:56,360 --> 00:46:59,319
to the survival of animal species.
481
00:46:59,320 --> 00:47:03,799
But there is an even greater
disaster on the horizon.
482
00:47:03,800 --> 00:47:06,439
Our climate is changing.
483
00:47:06,440 --> 00:47:10,399
Seasons have become unpredictable
and more extreme.
484
00:47:10,400 --> 00:47:13,360
Our planet is getting hotter.
485
00:47:16,360 --> 00:47:20,039
Scientists predict that if
the global temperature
486
00:47:20,040 --> 00:47:22,799
rises by over two degrees,
487
00:47:22,800 --> 00:47:27,000
it is likely to become the number
one cause of extinction.
488
00:47:29,280 --> 00:47:32,079
To halt climate change,
489
00:47:32,080 --> 00:47:35,320
perhaps politicians need
to become heroes, too.
490
00:47:36,600 --> 00:47:39,199
Hello, good evening,
and a warm welcome to Glasgow
491
00:47:39,200 --> 00:47:42,399
and the start of the long-awaited
climate summit, COP26.
492
00:47:42,400 --> 00:47:44,919
World leaders, prominent scientists
493
00:47:44,920 --> 00:47:47,239
and advisers all ready
for 12 days of...
494
00:47:47,240 --> 00:47:49,879
Mohamed Nasheed is a politician,
495
00:47:49,880 --> 00:47:52,999
the former president of
the Maldives.
496
00:47:53,000 --> 00:47:56,759
The doctors said that
they took 16 ball bearings
497
00:47:56,760 --> 00:48:00,679
from all parts of my body.
498
00:48:00,680 --> 00:48:03,480
I was unconscious for two days.
499
00:48:05,400 --> 00:48:10,439
Over his political career,
he has been tortured, imprisoned
500
00:48:10,440 --> 00:48:14,080
and recently survived
an assassination attempt.
501
00:48:15,720 --> 00:48:18,439
But during that time,
502
00:48:18,440 --> 00:48:22,760
he's also fought relentlessly
against climate change.
503
00:48:24,320 --> 00:48:27,639
..pleasure to be able to bring you
Mohamed Nasheed.
504
00:48:29,560 --> 00:48:34,039
In Glasgow, on the eve
of climate conference COP26,
505
00:48:34,040 --> 00:48:35,919
he is addressing a rally.
506
00:48:35,920 --> 00:48:37,519
Thank you.
507
00:48:37,520 --> 00:48:39,440
Thank you very much.
508
00:48:43,600 --> 00:48:46,399
So, we come to COP26
509
00:48:46,400 --> 00:48:49,839
to find out whether
we still have a future.
510
00:48:49,840 --> 00:48:54,359
If we cannot have
a legally binding agreement
511
00:48:54,360 --> 00:48:58,359
not to push global temperatures
512
00:48:58,360 --> 00:49:00,879
above 1.5 degrees,
513
00:49:00,880 --> 00:49:03,439
my country will be gone,
514
00:49:03,440 --> 00:49:06,039
as will all the world's coral reefs
515
00:49:06,040 --> 00:49:09,679
and most of the rainforests.
516
00:49:09,680 --> 00:49:13,999
Is all this devastation
really worth it,
517
00:49:14,000 --> 00:49:18,639
so that we can continue
to burn coal and fossil fuel
518
00:49:18,640 --> 00:49:21,000
for a few more years?
519
00:49:22,520 --> 00:49:26,559
I have spent a lifetime
520
00:49:26,560 --> 00:49:28,959
fighting for my country,
521
00:49:28,960 --> 00:49:31,959
and with more determination
than ever,
522
00:49:31,960 --> 00:49:36,560
because I know my time on Earth
might be cut short.
523
00:49:37,680 --> 00:49:40,959
Mohamed Nasheed's passion
for the natural world
524
00:49:40,960 --> 00:49:45,680
began the first time he saw
a coral reef.
525
00:49:56,920 --> 00:50:00,079
My earliest memory
526
00:50:00,080 --> 00:50:04,319
is with the ocean and the reef.
527
00:50:04,320 --> 00:50:09,879
We were the first generation
to actually see the reef.
528
00:50:09,880 --> 00:50:13,359
Masks and goggles came
to the Maldives
529
00:50:13,360 --> 00:50:16,040
in the late '60s, early '70s.
530
00:50:17,800 --> 00:50:25,039
Once we started seeing the reef
as a living creature...
531
00:50:25,040 --> 00:50:28,720
..we were just dumbfounded.
532
00:50:31,360 --> 00:50:36,119
But Nasheed's beloved coral
is now the habitat
533
00:50:36,120 --> 00:50:39,960
that is most threatened
by climate change.
534
00:50:44,280 --> 00:50:49,160
The critical tipping point is
a 1.5 degree temperature rise.
535
00:50:50,360 --> 00:50:53,439
Beyond that, most reefs will die,
536
00:50:53,440 --> 00:50:56,440
leaving nothing but rubble.
537
00:50:59,200 --> 00:51:01,919
When you think of a bigger picture,
538
00:51:01,920 --> 00:51:06,600
then your own life
is not so important.
539
00:51:08,400 --> 00:51:12,080
It's what you want to get done
which is important.
540
00:51:15,240 --> 00:51:19,359
Nasheed's aim is to persuade
politicians to cut the use
541
00:51:19,360 --> 00:51:21,800
of coal and other fossil fuels.
542
00:51:23,600 --> 00:51:27,279
He repeats this plea at every
climate conference.
543
00:51:27,280 --> 00:51:29,879
You need to be able to
convince people,
544
00:51:29,880 --> 00:51:32,039
try to educate people.
545
00:51:32,040 --> 00:51:33,839
We are in trouble.
546
00:51:33,840 --> 00:51:38,359
We will not survive if the planet
is heated above 1.5 degrees.
547
00:51:38,360 --> 00:51:40,559
We must act now.
548
00:51:40,560 --> 00:51:44,839
At first, journalists are reporting
on some eye-catching promises
549
00:51:44,840 --> 00:51:46,999
made by heads of state.
550
00:51:47,000 --> 00:51:49,639
18 countries have
committed themselves
551
00:51:49,640 --> 00:51:52,439
to a plan to stop using coal-fired
power plants.
552
00:51:52,440 --> 00:51:54,279
It is an election issue now.
553
00:51:54,280 --> 00:51:57,959
That is why world leaders have
joined the rhetoric.
554
00:51:57,960 --> 00:52:03,679
The next stage -
turning promises into solid plans.
555
00:52:03,680 --> 00:52:07,119
And Nasheed is busy working
behind the scenes.
556
00:52:07,120 --> 00:52:10,079
If they don't agree, we will ring
their ministers, their presidents
557
00:52:10,080 --> 00:52:11,799
and get them online.
558
00:52:11,800 --> 00:52:13,919
I think that's what we're
trying to do.
559
00:52:13,920 --> 00:52:15,760
So let's do this.
560
00:52:17,360 --> 00:52:18,919
How are you, Prime Minister?
561
00:52:18,920 --> 00:52:20,159
Yeah, OK. I can hear you,
562
00:52:20,160 --> 00:52:22,439
but I can hear the Prime Minister
much clearer.
563
00:52:22,440 --> 00:52:25,799
All countries need to agree
to the final text -
564
00:52:25,800 --> 00:52:28,039
and some won't.
565
00:52:28,040 --> 00:52:31,479
People who want to continue
fossil fuel,
566
00:52:31,480 --> 00:52:33,879
I think, are the bad guys.
567
00:52:33,880 --> 00:52:38,000
And people who want to change,
I feel, are the good guys.
568
00:52:39,320 --> 00:52:41,160
Thank you. Thank you so much.
569
00:52:42,760 --> 00:52:46,639
After 14 days, this COP closes...
570
00:52:46,640 --> 00:52:49,119
..with some progress,
571
00:52:49,120 --> 00:52:52,319
but also with big compromises.
572
00:52:52,320 --> 00:52:55,039
An agreement
was finally reached this evening
573
00:52:55,040 --> 00:52:57,479
after a key section on
the future use of coal
574
00:52:57,480 --> 00:52:59,440
was at the last moment watered down.
575
00:53:01,040 --> 00:53:04,439
Without urgent new commitments,
576
00:53:04,440 --> 00:53:07,919
the target of 1.5 degrees
will be missed.
577
00:53:07,920 --> 00:53:09,919
It is disastrous.
578
00:53:09,920 --> 00:53:11,439
It will...
579
00:53:11,440 --> 00:53:14,240
If you picture this,
if you can fathom it...
580
00:53:16,840 --> 00:53:20,759
..the coral will bleach
581
00:53:20,760 --> 00:53:22,759
and they will die,
582
00:53:22,760 --> 00:53:24,919
and when they are dead,
583
00:53:24,920 --> 00:53:29,399
the fish and the marine life
that lives there...
584
00:53:29,400 --> 00:53:31,600
..cease to exist.
585
00:53:42,680 --> 00:53:45,959
You would have thought that your
normal prime minister
586
00:53:45,960 --> 00:53:47,640
and president...
587
00:53:49,200 --> 00:53:53,119
..would have a better grip on
understanding things.
588
00:53:53,120 --> 00:53:57,239
And not just go on and on and on
589
00:53:57,240 --> 00:53:59,480
about protecting their way of life.
590
00:54:02,240 --> 00:54:06,360
So it's frustrating to see
politicians...
591
00:54:07,600 --> 00:54:10,160
..who doesn't seem to understand it.
592
00:54:14,560 --> 00:54:16,759
With current policies,
593
00:54:16,760 --> 00:54:20,160
99% of coral reefs
could be gone...
594
00:54:21,840 --> 00:54:24,160
..in under 30 years.
595
00:54:25,440 --> 00:54:28,120
Other habitats will follow.
596
00:54:32,400 --> 00:54:34,080
You can't lose hope.
597
00:54:35,400 --> 00:54:37,280
You cannot give up.
598
00:54:38,680 --> 00:54:40,240
I will not stop.
599
00:54:42,160 --> 00:54:45,920
Nasheed believes there is
a solution.
600
00:54:49,640 --> 00:54:53,639
The more environment becomes
an election issue,
601
00:54:53,640 --> 00:54:57,160
there will be more action
on climate.
602
00:54:58,640 --> 00:55:03,079
Every time you vote,
in every election,
603
00:55:03,080 --> 00:55:05,320
please tick the planet.
604
00:55:18,560 --> 00:55:22,519
The challenge of saving species
can't be left to a few
605
00:55:22,520 --> 00:55:26,999
heroic individuals working
against the odds.
606
00:55:27,000 --> 00:55:29,639
It's those in positions
of great power
607
00:55:29,640 --> 00:55:32,239
who can make
the most difference.
608
00:55:32,240 --> 00:55:38,119
So, ultimately, it is they who must
take the most responsibility.
609
00:55:38,120 --> 00:55:43,439
Perhaps one of our roles is
to hold them to account.
610
00:55:43,440 --> 00:55:47,119
Time is running out
for many species,
611
00:55:47,120 --> 00:55:51,239
but I truly believe that if the
right decisions are made now,
612
00:55:51,240 --> 00:55:53,679
at this critical moment,
613
00:55:53,680 --> 00:55:57,199
there could still be a bright future
for all life
614
00:55:57,200 --> 00:56:00,280
on our wonderful planet Earth.
615
00:57:10,040 --> 00:57:13,959
Habitat Explorer brings animals
and their habitats to life.
616
00:57:13,960 --> 00:57:17,719
Explore this free interactive,
and make origami animals.
617
00:57:17,720 --> 00:57:21,719
Go to bbc.co.uk/planetearth3
618
00:57:21,720 --> 00:57:24,239
and follow the links to
the Open University.
619
00:57:24,240 --> 00:57:26,439
Or to order a free printed version,
620
00:57:26,440 --> 00:57:29,920
visit the website or call the
numbers on the screen.
46751
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